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Maria, Roberta Patr?cia Medeiros de. "S?ntese e caracteriza??o el?trica de blendas e comp?sitos de PMMA/PEG e PMMA/PEG/Na2WO4.2H2O". PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM QU?MICA, 2015. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22692.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
? medida que demandas energ?ticas foram sendo apresentadas e requeridas pelo avan?o tecnol?gico, a s?ntese de novos materiais, capazes de suprir estas necessidades, foi e tem sido exaustivamente executada e estudada; dentre estes materiais, est?o filmes polim?ricos comp?sitos que t?m se destacado como uma alternativa qu?mica, f?sica, el?trica e econ?mica vi?vel. Neste trabalho filmes finos autossustent?veis de poli(metactrilato de metila) (PMMA) sob a forma de blendas, associado ao poli(etileno glicol) (PEG), e comp?sitos, dopados com tungstato de s?dio diidratado, foram obtidos pela associa??o dos m?todos sol-gel e ?casting?. A caracteriza??o el?trica, estrutural, qu?mica e morfol?gica dos filmes obtidos foi realizada usando-se espectroscopia de imped?ncia eletroqu?mica (EIS) para obten??o dos par?metros el?tricos, reflex?o total atenuada na regi?o do infravermelho (IV-ATR) e difra??o de raios X (DRX) para estudo da composi??o estrutural e qu?mica, enquanto que a estabilidade t?rmica foi analisada usando termogravimetria (TG/DTG), an?lise t?rmica diferencial (DTA) e calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC); as caracter?sticas morfol?gicas e topogr?ficas dos filmes foram analisadas por microscopia ?tica (MO) e eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). A adi??o do sal promoveu modifica??es do padr?o de disposi??o das cadeias polim?ricas, observado por difra??o de raios X e ratificado por altera??es das bandas relativas ? deforma??o angular ?CH2? em cadeia e estiramento assim?trico ?C?C? em cadeia, sugerindo mudan?as estruturais na cadeia polim?rica. A miscibilidade entre os pol?meros poli(metacrilato de metila) e poli(etileno glicol) foi resultado da presen?a de intera??es intermoleculares do tipo liga??o de hidrog?nio entre o ?CO? do PMMA e os grupos OH do PEG e do sal tungstato de s?dio, evidenciadas nas an?lises por IV-RTA, assim como, intera??es puramente eletrost?ticas. Os sistemas apresentaram melhores caracter?sticas capacitivas e maiores tempos de relaxa??o, favorecidos pelo aumento da concentra??o do tungstato de s?dio, resultado da melhora da sensibilidade do ac?mulo de cargas no eletrodo.
As energy demands were being presented and required by technological advances, the synthesis of new materials capable of meeting these needs, was and has been thoroughly studied and performed; among these materials are composite polymeric films that have stood out as an alternative chemistry, physics, electrical and economically viable. In this work self-supporting thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in the form of blends, linked to poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), and composite doped with sodium tungstate dihydrate were obtained by combining the sol-gel methods and casting. The electrical, structural, chemical and morphological characterization of the films obtained was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to obtain the electrical parameters, attenuated total reflection in the infrared (IR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the structural and chemical composition, while the thermal stability was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); morphological and topographical characteristics of the films were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron (SEM). The addition of the salt promoted standard modifications of the arrangement of the polymer chains, observed by X-ray diffraction and confirmed by the changes of the bands relative to the angular deformation -CH2- chain and asymmetric stretching -C-C-chain, suggesting structural changes in polymer chain. The miscibility between the polymers poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly (ethylene glycol) was a result of the presence of intermolecular interactions type hydrogen bonding between the PMMA and -CO- OH groups of the PEG and sodium tungstate salt, highlighted in analyzes by IR-ATR as well as purely electrostatic interactions. The systems showed better capacitive characteristics and larger relaxation times, favored by increasing the concentration of sodium tungstate, a result of improved sensitivity of the charges accumulated in the electrode.
2
Gil, Alvaradejo Gabriela [Verfasser], i G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Delaittre. "New Functional Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s and Alternatives to PEG in Protein Stabilization / Gabriela Gil Alvaradejo ; Betreuer: G. Delaittre". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162540826/34.
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Gunnarsson, Marcus, i Olof Palmquist. "Mätning och utvärdering av intellektuellt kapital inom aktiemarknaden". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-755.
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Organisation/Organisation Författare/Authors
Växjö Universitet Marcus Gunnarsson
Ekonomihögskolan Olof Palmquist
Växjö University
School of Management and Economics
Dokumenttyp/Type of document Handledare/Tutor
Examensarbete/ Diplomawork Stig Malm Examinator/Examiner
Rolf G Larsson
Titel och undertitel/Title and subtitle
Mätning och utvärdering av intellektuellt kapital inom aktiemarknaden/ Measurement and evaluation of intellectual capital within the stock market
Sammanfattning
Bakgrund: I dagens hårda konkurrens i samhället går trenden mot en informations- och kunskapsbaserad ekonomi där kunskapsföretagen blir fler och fler. Den största tillgången i företagen är de anställda och deras kompetens. Denna kompetens kan omvandlas till en värdefull tillgång och benämns som intellektuellt kapital. Trots att det finns ökad förståelse för att det intellektuella kapitalet skapar mervärde för företaget finns det hinder med att redovisa detta då det inte får tas upp i balansräkningen.
Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera huruvida intellektuellt kapital är något som fondförvaltare utvärderar när de gör en investeringsbedömning.
Avgränsningar: Begränsningarna är att vi undersöker hur intellektuellt kapital kan vara till fördel för endast fondförvaltare; vi analyserar olika fondförvaltare i deras arbete endast med en investeringsbedömning. En sista avgränsning är att vi valt att inte tillfråga de fondförvaltare som inte utvärderar intellektuellt kapital aktivt i sina investeringsbedömningar.
Metod: Vi har utgått från en kvantitativ metod och har genomfört en enkätundersökning för insamling av material. Resultatet har vi analyserat utifrån den teori som vi tagit upp i det teoretiska kapitlet. Ansatsen är av abduktiv karaktär åt det deduktiva hållet då vi har studerat existerande teorier och fallstudier inom ämnet.
Resultat, slutsatser: Svenska fondanalytiker lägger inte särskilt stor vikt på intellektuellt kapital när de utvärderar och analyserar ett företag. Grunden till detta är för det första att det är svårt att mäta trovärdigheten av intellektuellt kapital när företagen själva sammanställer och redovisar detta utan att kontrolleras av någon utomstående part. För det andra är korrelationen mellan större delen av ett företags strukturkapital och aktiens utveckling på börsen inte påvisbar.
Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Ett redovisningssystem för intellektuellt kapital som är lika för alla inom samma bransch möjliggör fortsatt forskning inom ämnet med syftet att finna en analysmetod som påvisar eller dementerar förändringen av ett företags intellektuella kapital med företagets aktierörelse på börsen.
Nyckelord
Intellektuellt kapital, Humankapital, Strukturkapital, Kundkapital, Immateriella tillgångar, Soliditet, Likviditet, Lönsamhet, P/E-tal, PEG-tal, P/S-tal
Key Words
Intellectual capital, Human capital, Capital structure, Customer capital, Immaterial assets, Solidity, Liquidity, Profitability, P/E, PEG, P/S
Utgivningsår/Year of issue Språk/Language Antal sidor/Number of pages
2006 Svenska/Swedish 37
Internet: http://www.vxu.se/ehv
4
Kailasan, Arunvel. "Synthesis and characterization of novel temperature-responsive dendritic PEG-PDLLA star polymers for drug delivery". VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1630.
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This study describes a novel thermoresponsive dendritic polyethylene glycol-poly(D, L-lactide) (PEG-PDLLA) core-shell nanoparticle with potential for drug delivery and controlled release. A series of dendritic PEG-PDLLA nanoparticles were synthesized through conjugation of PEG to Starburst™ polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.0 and subsequent ring-opening polymerization of DLLA, in which PEG chain length (i.e., MW=1500, 6000 or 12000 Dalton) was varied; however, the feeding molar ratio of DLLA monomers to the overall PEG repeat units on the dendrimer surface was kept at 1:1. Linear PEG-PDLLA copolymers were also syntheiszed under the same condition and used as control. According to our results, dendritic PEG-PDLLA in aqueous phase could self-assemble into spherical aggregates and the size of spherical aggregates increased with PEG chain length increase. Further, spherical aggregates made of dendritic PEG-PDLLA exhibited magnified temperature-dependence in terms of solubility change and dimension expansion as compared to linear PEG-PDLLA. The most significant size expansion was observed in particles made of dendritic PEG (12000)-PDLLA, which was twice as much as that of particles made of linear PEG (12000)-PDLLA. Water insoluble antitumor drug camptothecin (CPT) was used as a model drug for encapsulation and release studies. Spherical aggregates encapsulated more CPT when dendritic PEG-PDLLA had longer PEG-PDLLA chain and/or when temperature was elevated to body temperature. This study demonstrated that nanoscale clustering PEG-PDLLA through dendrimers magnified the thermo-sensitivity of PEG-PDLLA. Successful development of such a new particulate system made of dendritic PEG-PDLLA with an expandable dimension in response to temperature change generated a new direction for designing stimuli-responsive materials.
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Guerri, Riccardo. "Re_interpretare per vivere. Una nuova unita per s. Maria della misericordia a venezia". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6888/.
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La scelta di Venezia come ambito operativo rientra nella volontà di confrontarsi con il tema del riuso della preesistenza all'interno della città storica.
Contemporaneamente ad una permanenza nella città lagunare, la ricerca si è sviluppata sia secondo il fronte teorico che secondo quello progettuale, aventi entrambi per scopo la ricerca di un possibile ambito operativo della storia all'interno del progetto contemporaneo di architettura.
Convinti che i problemi dell'oggi siano soltanto riedizioni "moderne" di quelli relativi a secoli precedenti, l'esercizio interpretativo dell'ex unità conventuale di S.Maria della Misericordia a Venezia persegue l'obbiettivo di testare metodi alternativi rispetto agli atteggiamenti estremamente conservativi imperanti nella città storica.
La Storia intesa quindi come eterna mutazione, fornisce la base per un metodo basato sulla reinterpretazione della vita all'interno di un luogo come atto progettuale, al fine di generare una nuova unità tra l'uomo contemporaneo ed il contesto stratificato.
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Lima, Neto Heleno Carlos. "Estudo da atividade s?smica em S?o Caetano-PE em 2007". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18758.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-06Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
In this dissertation we studied the seismic activity in the S?o Caetano county, Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, located near the Pernambuco Lineament. The Pernambuco Lineament is a one of Neoproterozoic continental-scale shear zones that deforms the Borborema province. The seismicity estudied occurred in a NE trending branch of Pernambuco Lineament. The seismic activity in S?o Caetano started in 2006 and in May 20th, 2006 a 4,0 mb earthquake hit there. This was the largest earthquake ever reported in Pernambuco State. This dissertation is the result of a campaign done in the period from Februay 1th 2007 to July 31 th 2007. In this campaign up to nine three-component digital seismographic stations were deployed and the collected data was used to determine hypocenters and focal mechanism. A total of 214 earthquakes, recorded at least by three stations, were analyzed. To determine hypocenters and time origin the HYPO71 program was used assuming a half-space model with parameters : VP (P-wave velocity) equal to 5.90 km/s and the ratio VP/VS 1.70, where VS is the S-wave velocity. The earthquakes hypocentral distribution was approximately 4 km long and agrees with the NE-SW direction of the Pernambuco Lineamento branch. Hypocentres depth range from 2 to 8 km. The composed focal mechanism was made from a group of 14 selected earthquakes. We try firstly to find the fault plane solution matching the polarity distribution at stations, using the FPFIT program. The result was 43 deg ? 15 deg for strike, 59 deg ? 9 deg for dip and -142 deg ? 15 deg for rake. We also fitted a plane using the hypocentral distribution to obtain the dip and azimuth of the hypocentral distribution. The results obtained by this fit were 58 deg for the azimuth, 55 deg for the dip and -155 deg for rake. This result shows a mechanism of a strike-slip dextral fault with a normal component. This dissertation shows, once more, that there is a good correlation between the seismic activity and geological features in the region near the Pernambuco Lineament and its NE branches
Nesta disserta??o foi estudada a atividade s?smica no munic?pio de S?o Caetano, estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste brasileiro, localizado pr?ximo ao Lineamento Pernambuco. O Lineamento Pernambuco ? uma zona de cisalhamento Neoproteroz?ica de escala continental que deforma a prov?ncia Borborema. A sismicidade estudada ocorreu numa ramifica??o para nordeste do Lineamento Pernambuco. A atividade s?smica em S?o Caetano iniciou em 2006 e no dia 20/05/2007 ocorreu, neste munic?pio, um sismo de magnitude 4,0 mb. Este ? o sismo de maior magnitude que ocorreu no estado de Pernambuco. Este trabalho ? decorrente da an?lise de dados coletados durante o per?odo de monitoramento na regi?o que foi de 01/02/2007 at? 21/07/2007. Nesse monitoramento foi utilizado de seis at? nove esta??es sismogr?ficas digitais. Os dados coletados por essas esta??es foram analisados, objetivando a determina??o dos hipocentros e do mecanismo focal composto. Foram utilizados 214 sismos, registrados em pelo menos tr?s esta??es. Na determina??o hipocentral, foi utilizado o programa HYPO71, assumindo-se um modelo de semi-espa?o, com os par?metros: velocidade da onda P (VP) e raz?o VP/VS, respectivamente, 5,90 km/s e 1,70. Os hipocentros dos sismos ocorridos na regi?o deste estudo acompanham uma ramifica??o para nordeste do Lineamento Pernambuco e possui aproximadamente 4km de extens?o e profundidade variando entre 2 at? 8 km. O mecanismo focal composto foi feito para um conjunto de 14 sismos selecionados. N?s primeiramente tentamos encontrar a solu??o do plano de falha considerando apenas a distribui??o de polaridades utilizando o programa FPFIT. Os resultados foram: 43? ? 15? para o azimute, 59? ? 9? para o mergulho e -142? ? 15? para o rake. N?s tamb?m ajustamos o plano usando a distribui??o hipocentral. Os resultados obtidos foram: 58? para o azimute, 55? para o mergulho, O valor do rake foi fixado em -155?. Este resultado mostra um mecanismo de uma falha transcorrente dextral com uma componente normal. Esta disserta??o mostra, mais uma vez, que existe uma boa correla??o entre a sismicidade e falhas mapeadas na regi?o pr?xima ao Lineamento Pernambuco e suas ramifica??es para nordeste
7
STRAULLU, STEFANO. "Next generation optical access networks towards Gigabit/s per user". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2592360.
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At the time of writing this Ph.D. thesis, FSAN (Full Service Access Network) and ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunication Standardization Bureau) working groups are involved in the final definition of the Recommendation G.989, which has recently established that the Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2) architecture will be based on Time- and Wavelength-Division Multiplexed PON (TWDM-PON), and it will consist in its first version on four wavelength-stacked XG-PONs using four wavelengths per direction, likely with a very narrow (for PON) spacing of 100 GHz or even 50 GHz. Furthermore, the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) will be splitter-based and passive, like all previous PON standards, avoiding the use of any wavelength selection/filtering and any optical amplification inside the ODN. Moreover, since complete ODN backward compatibility is required, the TWDM-PON must be compliant with the same previous ODN loss classes, i.e. 33 and 35 dB for the extended E1 and E2 classes, respectively, and up to 15 dB of Differential Optical Path Loss (DOPL).
One of the few physical layer problems over which FSAN is still working before the final NG-PON2 Recommendation release, is related to the lack of available low-cost tunable lasers with sufficient tuning range and launch power, to be installed at the Optical Network Unit (ONU) side for the upstream signal generation. Indeed, they should have a precision compatible with a 100 GHz wavelength grid, and be able to tune on (at least) four wavelengths, adopting some protection systems during their switch-on time, in order to avoid interferences with other channels (due to the uncontrolled wavelength transmission at the laser power on); moreover, they should operate on a very wide temperature range and they should have a target price compatible with equipment to be installed at the customer premises. Furthermore, in the longer term, if more than four wavelengths will be used (for instance for WDM overly), this issue will be particularly critical.
In order to avoid the use of expensive tunable lasers at the ONU, several WDM reflective PON architectures have been proposed in the last ten years, whose key idea is to generate the unmodulated upstream wavelengths at the Central Office, and modulate them in reflection at the ONU side. Unfortunately, most of the reflective WDM-PON architectures proposed in literature seem to be completely incompatible with TWDM-PON for a set of different reasons such as:
- most of them require the use of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG) in the ODN, while most telecom operators believe that backward compatibility in PON is a must, and thus the splitter-based architecture should be maintained also in NG-PON2;
- the achievable ODN loss is limited to typically 20-25 dB, due to several spurious effects such as the Rayleigh back-scattering and the low received optical power;
- most of them use a dedicated wavelength for each ONU, and do not support burst-mode TDMA in the upstream.
The main objective of this Ph.D. project is to try to solve all these issues, proposing a self-coherent, burst-mode, reflective PON architecture that completely satisfies the main requirements defined in the TWDM-PON standard.
In order to reach this goal, the activity started in early 2012 in the Photonlab of Istituto Superiore Mario Boella (Turin, Italy), and was supported by the joint group composed by Dipartimento di Elettronica of Politecnico di Torino (Turin, Italy) and Cisco Photonics (Monza, Italy) throughout the entire Ph.D. project.
At first, a full characterization of the Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) was performed in order to find the best working parameters that provide the best performance if this device is used as reflective optical modulator at the ONU side.
Thanks to this optimization, very good results were obtained using the RSOA in a full upstream self-coherent reflective PON setup, working in continuous mode at 1.25 Gbps.
In order to overcome the limit of one dedicated wavelength for each user, the emulated ONU was forced to work in burst-mode, replacing the RSOA with the cascade of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) and a Reflective Electro-Absorption Modulator (REAM). The obtained results demonstrate that this solution, combined with a burst-mode self-coherent detection at the Central Office, supports a 2.5 Gbps TDMA upstream transmission, as required by TWDM-PON standard.
The proposed architecture was then finalized by adding two important new features, i.e. the upstream bit rate upgrade to 10 Gbps per wavelength and the use of commercial distributed feedback (DFB) lasers rather than External Cavity Lasers (ECL), showing very good performance.
To resume, the work performed during this Ph.D. activity demonstrated that, thanks to the burst mode reflective-ONUs and the burst mode, self-coherent detection at the OLT side, the proposed architecture supports the transmission of N simultaneous upstream signals on each wavelength, working at 2.5 Gbps, over up to 35 dB of ODN loss and more than 15 dB of DOPL. Therefore, most G.989 physical layer specifications are satisfied by this proposal, even without the need for a tunable laser at the ONU side, but only a tunable filter locked on OLT-generated optical wavelength combs. If properly integrated, the reflective ONU structure can be less expensive than the TWDM-PON solution in terms of CAPEX, and have a much simpler wavelength control. The only significant increase in cost in the proposed solution is due to the presence of one coherent receiver per each upstream wavelength, but it is shared among all the users with the same wavelength.
The authors of the aforementioned writings hope that this work can contribute to the discussion currently taking place in FSAN and ITU-T on future PON generations, particularly for a future use of DWDM with significantly more than 4 wavelengths on a 50 GHz grid, which is a requirement that would make tunable lasers at ONU even more critical. While the need for more than 4 wavelengths seems really far-fetched for residential PONs, it could likely become more handy if mobile front-hauling for Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced will adopt bit rate hungry Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) approaches, and it will be supported over PON.
8
Palou, Marín Roger. "Control de la mitosi pel mecanisme de vigilància de fase S". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285609.
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A les cèl·lules eucariotes el checkpoint de la fase S, un dels mecanisme de vigilància de la cèl·lula, respon a agressions genotòxiques per protegir la integritat genòmica. Com a part de la resposta a estrès replicatiu i dany al DNA, aquest checkpoint impedeix el pas a mitosi fins que l’agressió hagi estat superada, evitant així la inestabilitat genòmica conseqüència de la segregació de cromosomes danys o que no han acabat de ser replicats.
El cicle cel·lular i els seus mecanisme de control, com el checkpoint de la fase S, han estat identificats i estudiats inicialment en organisme model com Schizosaccharomyces pombe (llevat de fissió) i Saccharomyces cerevisiae (llevat de gemmació). Cal tenir present que els mecanismes identificats i els factors implicats en els organisme model són conservats en humans.
En el llevat de fissió, l’entrada a mitosi en presència d’estrès genotòxic és impedida per la fosforilació inhibitòria de la tirosina 15 de Cdk1 per Wee1. Cdk1 és la única quinasa encarregada de dirigir la cèl·lula a través del cicle cel·lular en llevat de fissió i gemmació. En canvi, en llevat de gemmació, Swe1, l’ortòleg de Wee1, i la fosforilació de la tirosina 19 de Cdk1 semblen ser totalment prescindibles en el control de l’entrada a mitosi en presència d’estrès genotòxic. El model actual en llevat de gemmació pel control de la mitosi en presència d’estrès genotòxic contempla com a únic punt de control l’estabilització de Pds1/Securina, evitant així l’activació de Esp1/Separasa que promou el tall de la cohesina que manté unides les cromàtides germanes. En humans, malgrat Wee1 i la seva fosforilació inhibitòria sobre Cdk1 es conserven, no són suficients per impedir totalment l’entrada a mitosis en una fase S compromesa per estrès genotòxic.
Els nostres resultats mostren que en Saccharomyces cerevisiae, l’activitat Cdk1 que dirigeix la mitosi està inhibida en presència d’estrès genotòxic. La dispensabilitat de Swe1 i de la fosforilació de la tirosina 19 de Cdk1 s’explica per que l’activitat Cdk1 mitòtica és inhibida, en aquestes condicions, de forma redundant per Swe1 i Rad53, la quinasa efectora del checkpoint de fase S. A més, hem observat que Swe1 està controlada pel checkpoint de la fase S en aquestes condicions.
Tanmateix, en presència d’estrès genotòxic, les cèl·lules amb l’activitat Cdk1 mitòtica desregulada o nul·les per Pds1/Securina, segueixen essent competents per impedir la mitosi. Ara bé, quan el control redundant de l’activitat Cdk1 de fase M (necessària per l’elongació del fus mitòtic) és combinant amb la deleció de Pds1/Securina, les cèl·lules són incapaces d’evitar la segregació dels cromosomes no acabats de replicar o danyats.The S phase checkpoint is a surveillance mechanism in eukaryotic cells that preserve genomic integrity in response to genotoxic insults. This checkpoint inhibits mitosis onset till the stress has been solved, avoiding genomic instability that results from the segregation of damaged or not fully replicated chromosomes. Eukaryotic cell cycle and its regulation mechanisms, like the S phase checkpoint, have been initially identified and studied in model organisms like Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) and these mechanisms and factors are conserved in humans. Mitosis control in fission yeast in the presence of replication stress relies on the inhibition of mitotic Cdk1 through tyrosine 15 Wee1 mediated phosphorylation. However, in budding yeast, Wee1 ortholog Swe1 and its phosphorylation over Cdk1, seems unnecessary in this control. The present model for budding yeast control of mitosis in the presence of DNA damage relies on the stabilization of Pds1/securin. This chaperone inhibits Esp1/separase which cleaves cohesin, the protein that keeps sister chromatids together. In humans, Wee1 and its phosphorylation over Cdk1 are conserved but they are not enough to inhibit mitotic Cdk1 activity and completely avoid mitosis onset in the presence of genotoxic stress. Our results show that in budding yeast, mitotic Cdk1 is inhibited in the presence of genotòxic stress. Swe1 dispensability is explained by a redundant mechanism regulating mitotic Cdk1 mediated by Swe1 and Rad53, the effector kinase of the S phase checkpoint. Moreover, Swe1 levels stabilization in the presence of genotoxic stress is mediated by the S phase checkpoint. Mitotic Cdk1 deregulation or pds1Δ is not enough to observe DNA segregation in the presence of genotoxic stress. Only cells that cannot regulate mitotic Cdk1 activity together with pds1Δ are able to segregate not fully replicated or damaged chromosomes.
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Salter, A. Hugh. "Genetics and biogensis of the pea chloroplast Rieske Fe-S protein". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335798.
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Zoli, Enrico. "CAO=S un modello di progettazione goal oriented per interfacce web". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1243/.
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Ribeiro, Fernanda Alves. "Caracteriza??o de comp?sito ep?xi/tecido de pet p?s-consumo". PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA MEC?NICA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22216.
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O consumo esmagador de Polietileno tereftalado (PET) grau garrafa constitui cap?tulo ? parte entre as resinas produzidas no Brasil. Embora o pa?s consiga reciclar mais da metade da produ??o de PET, ainda ? muito elevado o volume deste material em forma de garrafas. Salienta-se que, apesar do benef?cio da resina PET poder ser utilizada em in?meras aplica??es e sob diversos processos, ? necess?rio desenvolver alternativas de seu reuso na via de reciclagem. Nesta vertente, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a aplica??o do tecido de pet, oriundo do processo de reciclagem das garrafas, como refor?o de comp?sitos polim?ricos. Para tanto, na metodologia utilizada, ap?s a preliminar caracteriza??o do tecido de pet via ensaios t?xteis (Determina??o de gramatura; Resist?ncia ? propaga??o ao rasgo; Resist?ncia ? tra??o e alongamento), confeccionou-se laminados comp?sitos polim?ricos com matriz ep?xi e diferentes fra??es de tecido para a verifica??o e an?lise de suas principais propriedades f?sico-qu?micas, mec?nicas e t?rmicas. Os seguintes ensaios foram realizados nos corpos de prova de resina e laminado comp?sito: Densidade; Absor??o de ?gua; Teor de umidade; Tra??o uniaxial; Flex?o em tr?s pontos; Compress?o; Dureza; TG; DMA e An?lise de fratura. A an?lise dos resultados evidenciou que o incremento de camadas de tecido propicia ao comp?sito o aumento nas resist?ncias ? tra??o e ? compress?o; al?m do que, eleva a rigidez viscoel?stica do material, ao passo que diminui a resist?ncia ? flex?o. Observou-se tamb?m que as camadas de tecido de PET diminuem o teor de umidade do comp?sito, bem como a sua capacidade de absor??o de ?gua. Contudo, as propriedades Dureza e Densidade n?o apresentaram varia??o significativa com a inclus?o do tecido de PET. A configura??o P90, com o m?ximo teor de tecido de PET no laminado, exprimiu-se como a de melhor desempenho frente aos ensaios realizados. Deste modo, a utiliza??o do tecido PET evidencia aspectos atraentes para as iniciativas empresariais do setor. A composi??o P90, como refor?o de comp?sito polim?rico, foi a que apresentou melhor resultado. Esse material tr?s reflexos socio-econ?micos diretamente relacionados com a melhoria da qualidade de vida da popula??o, gera??o de renda, economia de recursos naturais e atenua??o de problemas ambientais.
There is no doubt whatsoever that the widest consumption of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle grade is a unique chapter among the resins produced in Brazil. Although the country is able to recycle more than a half of all PET production, the number of such material for bottle fabrication is still very high. It is important to remark that, though all benefits of PET resin uses in uncountable applications and under many processes; alternatives to its reuse throughout recycling dynamics must be developed. Thus, this work aims at evaluating the application of PET fabric coming from the process of bottle recycling polymeric composite reinforcements. In order to do so, after a preliminary characterization of the PET fabric by textile tests (Grammage determination; Tear propagation resistance; Tensile strength and elongation resistance), laminated polymeric composite with epoxy matrix as well as different fractions of fabric for checking and analysis of their main physicochemical, mechanical and thermal properties were engendered. The following tests were performed with the resin and with laminated composite: Density, Water absorption; Moisture content; Uniaxial tensile; Three point flexural test; Compression; Hardness; TG; DMA and Fracture analysis. By analyzing the results, it was noticed that the increase of fabric layers provide a resistance and compression gain to the composite, and it also increases the material viscoelastic stiffness, at the same time as its flexural strength is diminish. It was also noticed that its water absorption capacity was diminished. Nevertheless, its hardness and density properties did not present meaningful variation with the PET addition. The P90 setting with the highest content of PET fabric in the laminate presented itself as having the best results in the tests. Therefore the use of PET fabric presents attracting aspects to entrepreneurship. P90 configuration used as polymeric composite reinforcements were the one to present the best results. Such material brings socio-economical reflexions directly linked to the improvement of livelihood, natural resources economy and offset environment problems.
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Roudnický, Tomáš. "Search Engine Optimization a jeho efektivita ve srovnání s Pay-per-Click reklamou". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81599.
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The thesis is dealing with information technologies with an emphasis on the Internet, Internet marketing and its special regions of SEO, SEM and PPC, which mutual comparison makes the focal point of my work. The theoretical part is a successive analysis of the influences of the Internet marketing, SEM and SEO. Then, it states and explains the particular items the optimization of searchers is based upon. The following parts contain the analysis and questionnaires that are related to the region of the searchers. The theoretical part is concluded with an explanation of the principle of the PPC advertising systems and gives a description of the two most widely used ones -- Sklik and AdWords. The practical part starts with an application of the particular theoretical knowledge on the real examples of some websites. This is followed by two practical examples of websites (a standard one and an e-shop) that draw comparison between the PPC advertising and optimization of searchers. The evaluation at the end of the thesis shows the conditions worth using SEO, and, on the contrary, the cases when using of the PPC advertising campaigns would be more preferable. The desired outcome of my thesis would be to help assess the conditions when the right and quality SEO application is or is not the right choice among the other brands of Internet marketing; and give an example of how cheaper (or more expensive) than the PPC advertising campaigns the optimization could be.
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Volken, Werner. "Strangelet search in S - W collisions at 200 · A GeV/c per nucleon /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Lovera, Renata de Rezende. "Agressividade no per?odo da lat?ncia atrav?s do teste contos de fadas". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/641.
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Previous issue date: 2009-01-19Como uma das a??es desempenhadas pelos seres humanos, encontra-se a agress?o - comportamento que faz parte do cotidiano das pessoas, e, se bem gerenciada, auxilia o indiv?duo a se afirmar e a obter satisfa??o, considerando o contexto social no qual est? inserido. Entretanto, a agress?o est? comumente associada ? viol?ncia, que ? considerada um comportamento mal-adaptativo, como car?ter destrutivo das pessoas. Presente desde as etapas iniciais do desenvolvimento, torna-se relevante compreender o fen?meno ps?quico da agress?o na inf?ncia, como forma de conhecer e definir formas de interven??es adequadas na cl?nica psicol?gica infantil com o objetivo de a??es de preven??o. Para tanto, foram elaboradas duas se??es de estudo: uma te?rica e uma emp?rica. A se??o te?rica apresenta uma revis?o da contribui??o dos te?ricos da psican?lise para compreens?o da agressividade. Discute-se a import?ncia da agress?o para os diferentes autores e tamb?m se contextualiza como a agressividade est? presente nas fases do desenvolvimento infantil, a partir de um enfoque no per?odo da lat?ncia. Nesta etapa do desenvolvimento, que se caracteriza por um equil?brio entre impulso e defesas mais elaboradas, a utiliza??o de mecanismos defensivos, como a sublima??o, instrumentaliza a crian?a para superar situa??es dif?ceis de car?ter agressivo. Na se??o emp?rica, ? retratado um estudo quantitativo, do tipo transversal, que busca identificar a presen?a de evid?ncias de conte?dos agressivos nas respostas ao Teste dos Contos de Fadas (TCF), instrumento projetivo tem?tico. Participaram do estudo 72 crian?as dos sexos feminino e masculino, com idades entre 6 e 11 anos, de escolas p?blicas e privadas da cidade de Porto Alegre. A fim de obter dados que caracterizem os participantes, foi utilizada uma Ficha de Dados Sociodemogr?ficos. Para excluir casos com suspeita de comprometimento intelectual, foi administrado o Teste Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven - Escala Especial. Todo o material verbalizado pelas crian?as ao Teste dos Contos de Fadas (TCF) foi avaliado por tr?s ju?zes (J1, J2 e J3) que realizaram avalia??es com base no sistema de categoriza??o de respostas. Para avaliar o grau de concord?ncia entre eles, foi utilizada a estat?stica Kappa. Posteriormente, foi realizado um levantamento de freq??ncias dos tipos de conte?dos agressivos identificados nas respostas e, para a compara??o entre grupos e associa??es das vari?veis conforme escola, sexo e idade, tem?tica/conflito da s?rie de cart?es, foi utilizado o Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados mostram que o grau de concord?ncia entre os ju?zes, na sua maioria, foi satisfat?rio, uma vez que a concord?ncia alcan?ada foi, predominantemente, de valores moderados, substancias e quase perfeitos na maioria das categorias da agress?o. Os conte?dos agressivos com maior freq??ncia de respostas foram: Medo de Agress?o (f = 54), Agress?o Tipo A (f=49) e Agress?o como Retalia??o (f=34). Foi identificada associa??o significativa entre a vari?vel Agress?o Tipo A e sexo masculino (p=0,042). Foi poss?vel identificar as freq??ncias da vari?vel agress?o em seis das sete s?ries de cart?es (Chapeuzinho Vermelho, Lobo, An?es, Bruxa, Gigante, Cenas do Conto Chapeuzinho Vermelho). Os resultados obtidos apontam que, mesmo o per?odo da lat?ncia sendo considerado um per?odo de espera para as etapas posteriores, na qual a crian?a est? mais calma, ? poss?vel identificar a exist?ncia de motiva??es que levam a crian?a a agir de forma agressiva.
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Silva, S?rgio Luiz Eduardo Ferreira da. "Tensor momento s?smico para eventos no nordeste do Brasil com amplitudes espectrais: estudos em S?o Caetano, PE". PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM GEODIN?MICA E GEOF?SICA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21887.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
O estudo da fonte s?smica ? importante para um melhor entendimento dos processos f?sicos din?micos geradores de sismos e para investiga??es sismotect?nicas de uma regi?o. Neste trabalho, alteramos uma metodologia existente para determina??o do tensor momento s?smico atrav?s da invers?o das amplitudes espectrais de ondas de corpo, que ? testada com eventos locais registrados nas proximidades de S?o Caetano, em Pernambuco, no nordeste do Brasil. A metodologia consiste em minimizar a diferen?a entre os valores observados e previstos das amplitudes espectrais ? com polaridade - de ondas P, SV e SH, para determina??o dos seis componentes independentes do tensor momento s?smico. A metodologia original foi desenhada para inverter amplitudes espectrais de ondas diretas em eventos induzidos em minas profundas e registrados em redes sismogr?ficas subterr?neas. Em nosso estudo, propomos altera??es para adequa??o desta metodologia para eventos tect?nicos registrados em superf?cie. Com isso, ? preciso remover os efeitos da superf?cie terrestre a partir dos tr?s componentes s?smicos registrados no sismograma para recuperar as formas de onda P, SV e SH incidentes e, assim medir sua amplitude espectral. Para ?ngulos de incid?ncia pr?-cr?ticos, a corre??o ? facilmente realizada atrav?s da divis?o do componente vertical das formas de onda P e SV por seus correspondentes coeficientes de reflex?o da superf?cie livre; para ?ngulos de incid?ncia p?s-cr?ticos, uma corre??o mais sofisticada envolvendo a transformada de Hilbert das formas de onda registradas ? necess?ria para remover a distor??o da forma de onda introduzida pela mudan?a de fase. A metodologia proposta ? extremamente vantajosa, visto que utiliza informa??es dos padr?es de radia??o tanto das ondas P quanto das ondas S para determinar o mecanismo focal de eventos individuais. Testamos com 16 terremotos registrados em dist?ncias locais ( < 10 km) por uma rede sismogr?fica implantada na localidade de S?o Caetano, PE, entre 15 de setembro e 23 de dezembro de 2010. Por fim, comparamos com um mecanismo focal composto desenvolvido em trabalhos anteriores na zona de estudo a partir de polaridades da onda P e verificou-se uma consist?ncia com as nossas solu??es do tensor momento, o que demonstra a aplicabilidade do m?todo aqui proposto para registros locais em superf?cie. Al?m disso, a metodologia apresentada permite estimar a magnitude momento (MW) para os eventos analisados.
The study of the seismic source is important to improve our understanding of the physical processes that trigger earthquakes, and also for seismotectonics investigations of a region. In this work, we modify an existing methodology for determination of the seismic moment tensor by inversion of spectral amplitudes, and test it with events recorded at local distances near Sao Caetano, Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. The methodology consists of minimizing the difference between observed and predicted values of the spectral amplitudes ? with polarity attached - of P, SV and SH waves, to determine the six independent components of the moment tensor. The original methodology inverts spectral amplitudes of direct waves for events in deep mines and recorded at underground seismographic networks. In our study, we adapt this methodology to tectonic events recorded by surface networks. First, the effects of the Earth's free surface are removed from the seismic recordings to recover the incident P, SV and SH waves; then, the corresponding spectral amplitudes are measured and a polarity is attached; finally, the spectral amplitudes are inverted in a least squares sense. At pre-critical incidence angles, the correction is easily achieved by dividing the vertical component of the P and SV waveforms by the corresponding free-surface reflection coefficients; at post-critical incidence angles, a more sophisticated correction involving the Hilbert transform of the recorded waveforms is needed to account for waveform distortion introduced by the coefficient?s phase shift. Correction of the SH components is achieved through division by a factor of 2. The proposed methodology is extremely advantageous since it uses the radiation patterns of both P and S waves to determine the focal mechanism of individual events. The adapted methodology is applied to 16 earthquakes recorded at local distances (< 10 km) by an aftershock network deployed in the locality of S?o Caetano, PE, between September 15th and December 23rd, 2010. Comparison with a composite focal mechanisms developed in previous works in the study area from fist-motion polarities shows consistency with our moment tensor solutions, thus demonstrating the portability of the spectral amplitude method. Additionally, the ported methodology allows the estimation of moment magnitudes for individual events.
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Piffero, Alfeu Cl?udio Monteiro. "Repercuss?o funcional da congru?ncia talonavicular no p?s-operat?rio do p? torto cong?nito idiop?tico". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1477.
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-17OBJETIVO - Descrever a amostra de indiv?duos com p? torto cong?nito idiop?tico tratados cirurgicamente de 1986 a 2002 no Hospital S?o Lucas da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul (HSL-PUCRS). Verificar associa??o entre os achados radiogr?ficos da articula??o talonavicular e o escore funcional de p?s tortos cong?nitos idiop?ticos tratados cirurgicamente de maneira uniforme. METODOLOGIA Cinq?enta crian?as (71 p?s) que realizaram cirurgia para corre??o de p? torto cong?nito idiop?tico no per?odo de 1986 a 2002 no HSL-PUCRS, participaram deste estudo. Para desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizada revis?o dos prontu?rios hospitalares visando a cria??o de um banco de dados com vari?veis de interesse relacionadas ? avalia??o p?s-operat?ria. Foi realizada an?lise descritiva dos dados e, posteriormente, de associa??o. RESULTADOS A amostra foi composta por 34 pacientes do sexo masculino (48 p?s) e 16 do sexo feminino (23 p?s) submetidos a tratamento cir?rgico no HSL-PUCRS. A avalia??o dos p?s pelos crit?rios de Simons mostrou 38 p?s centrados (53,5%), 25 p?s com complica??es menores (35,2%) e 8 p?s com complica??es maiores (11,3%) nas radiografias em ?ntero-posterior (AP). Nas radiografias em perfil (P), encontramos 31 p?s centrados (43,7%), 27 complica??es menores (38%) e 13 complica??es maiores (18,3%). Os resultados funcionais, segundo a tabela de Laaveg e Ponseti, mostraram escores variando de 47 a 100 pontos (pts), com m?dia de 86,86 pts e desvio padr?o (dp) 11,08, mediana de 88 pts e moda de 97 pts. CONCLUS?O As varia??es encontradas nas radiografias em AP e P da articula??o talonavicular dos p?s pelos crit?rios de Simons, n?o mostraram associa??o estatisticamente significativa com os escores de fun??o avaliados pela tabela de Laaveg e Ponseti.
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Tatjer, Recordà Laura. "Aproximacions genètiques per l’estudi de les funcions de la proteïna fosfatasa Ptc1 en S. cerevisiae". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/287896.
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Les proteïnes fosfatases de tipus 2C (PP2C) conformen una família d’enzims monomèrics conservats al llarg de l’evolució. En Saccharomyces cerevisiae hi ha 7 gens estructuralment relacionats que codifiquen set isoformes de les PP2C (PTC1-7). La isoforma més estudiada en llevats és Ptc1 ja que aquesta fosfatasa pot dur a terme múltiples funcions específiques que no comparteix amb les altres PP2C. Com a resultat, el mutant ptc1 presenta defectes de creixement enfront diverses formes d’estrès com els que activen la via de senyalització de la integritat de la paret cel·lular (ex. pH alcalí, blanc de calcoflúor i cafeïna), en presència de cations (LiCl, CaCl2, ZnCl2...), enfront rapamicina (un inhibidor de la via TOR que senyalitza la manca de nutrients) o en presència d’etanol com a única font de carboni. A més, presenta problemes en l’herència de diferents orgànuls com són els mitocondris, el reticle endoplasmàtic o les vacuoles, entre molts altres defectes. Malgrat totes aquestes alteracions només es coneixen dos substrats de Ptc1: la quinasa Hog1 implicada en la via d’estrès osmòtic, i Ste5, una proteïna adaptadora de la MAPK que respon a les feromones.
L’objectiu d’aquest treball consisteix en identificar possibles dianes d’acció de Ptc1 que permetin entendre millor els mecanismes funcionals d’aquesta fosfatasa. Degut a dificultats metodològiques inherents al treball amb fosfatases, vam dissenyar dues aproximacions genètiques que ens permetessin assolir el nostre objectiu. La primera estratègia consistia en rastrejar biblioteques genòmiques de llevat per trobar gens que sobreexpressats alleugerin la sensibilitat a pH alcalí, blanc de calcoflúor i rapamicina d’una soca ptc1Δ. Com a resultat de la cerca s’han identificat un total de 25 gens que alleugeren un o varis fenotips característics d’un mutant ptc1. La majoria dels gens s’han classificat en tres grups funcionals: cicle cel·lular, funció vacuolar i tràfic de proteïnes, i manteniment de la integritat de la paret cel·lular. En aquest treball es presenta un model que apunta que la hiperactivació del mòdul MAPK de la via Slt2 influiria en l’activitat de Cdc28 la qual seria limitant en un mutant Ptc1. D’aquesta forma es relaciona per primera vegada Ptc1 amb el cicle cel·lular.
Degut que PPH21 i PPH22 (que codifiquen dues subunitats catalítiques redundants de la proteïna fosfatasa de tipus 2A) són els supressors que han presentat major potència de recuperació fenotípica en un mutant ptc1, hem aprofundit l’estudi de la interacció entre Ptc1 i aquests dos supressors. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que la pèrdua de Ptc1 alteraria els diferents complexes de les PP2A que actuen com efectors de la via TOR quan aquesta es troba inhibida.
La segona aproximació genètica es va basar en la hipòtesis que els defectes observats en un mutant ptc1 probablement es deuen a un estat hiperfosforilat d’un o més possibles substrats de Ptc1. Per això, vam generar una col·lecció de 115 mutants on es van combinar la supressió dels gens no essencials que codifiquen proteïnes quinases o subunitats reguladores d’alguna d’elles amb la mutació ptc1 i es va analitzar el seu creixement en vuit condicions on el mutant ptc1 és sensible. A partir de la integració dels resultats s’han detectat una àmplia varietat d’interaccions genètiques entre Ptc1 i diferents quinases, en consonància amb una àmplia extensió funcional de Ptc1. Tot i així, només la mutació de Mkk1 (una de les dues MAPKK de la via de la integritat de la paret cel·lular) és capaç de suprimir o alleugerir tots els defectes fenotípics estudiats de la soca ptc1Δ. Les dades obtingudes mostren que part dels defectes de ptc1 estan relacionats amb la hiperactivació de la quinasa Slt2 que actua downstream de Mkk1, reforcen la idea que Mkk1 és la principal MAPKK que actua sobre Slt2 i permeten postular que Mkk1 podria ser una diana important de Ptc1.Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) form a family of monomeric enzymes conserved throughout evolution. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are seven structurally related genes that encode different isoforms of PP2Cs (PTC1-7). Ptc1 is the most studied PP2C isoform in yeast because this phosphatase can perform multiple specific functions not shared by the other PP2Cs. As a result, a ptc1 mutant fails to grow against various forms of stress such as those that activate the cell wall signaling pathway (eg. alkaline pH , Calcofluor white and caffeine), in the presence of cations (LiCl, CaCl2, ZnCl2, …), rapamycin (an inhibitor of the TOR pathway that mediates the lack of nutrients response) or in plates with ethanol as the sole carbon source. A ptc1 mutant also presents defects in organelle inheritance such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum or vacuoles, among many other defects. Despite all of these alterations only two substrates of this isoform are known: the Hog1 kinase involved in osmoregulation, and the pheromone-responsive MAPK scaffold protein Ste5. The aim of this study is to identify possible functional mechanisms of Ptc1. Due to methodological difficulties inherent in working with phosphatases, we designed two genetic approaches to achieve our goal. The first strategy was based on the screen of yeast genomic library to find genes that, when overexpressed in a ptc1 mutant, abolish or alleviate the sensitivity of this strain to alkaline pH, Calcofluor white or rapamycin. As a result we identified a total of 25 genes that alleviate one or several characteristic phenotypes of the ptc1 mutant. Most of these genes were classified into three functional groups: cell cycle regulation, vacuolar function and protein sorting, and cell wall integrity. We present a model where the hyperactivation of the Slt2 MAPK module would decrease the activity of Cdc28, which could become limiting in a ptc1 mutant. This would represent the first evidence of a possible role of Ptc1 on cell cycle regulation. We have focused on the relationship between Ptc1 and the two suppressors that exhibited the strongest ability to recover different phenotypes: PPH21 and PPH22, which encode two redundant catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase type 2A. The results indicate that loss of Ptc1 alters different PP2A complexes that act as effectors of the TOR pathway when it is inhibited. The second genetic approach was based on the hypothesis that the ptc1 mutant defects are probably due to an hyperphosphorilated state of one or more Ptc1 substrates. Therefore, we generate a collection of 115 mutants in which we combined the deletion of nonessential genes encoding catalytic subunits of protein kinases or their regulatory proteins with the ptc1 mutation, and analyzed their growth in eight different conditions in which the ptc1 mutant is sensitive. Integration of the results allowed detecting a wide variety of genetic interactions between Ptc1 and different kinases, in agreement with the wide functional spread of the Ptc1 phosphatase. However, only the Mkk1 mutation (one of the two MAPKK of the cell wall integrity pathway) can lighten or eliminate all phenotypic defects studied in the ptc1Δ strain. The data obtained show that at least part of ptc1 defects are related to the hyperactivation of the Slt2 kinase downstream Mkk1, reinforces the idea that Mkk1 is the main MAPKK acting on Slt2 signaling, and points to Mkk1 as a likely target for the Ptc1 phosphatse.
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Scott, Patricia. "Women in the novels of Benito PeÌrez GaldoÌs and Eça de Quieroz". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412190.
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CHAGAS, MARCOS ANTONIO MACEDO DAS. "YOUTH AND ADULT EDUCATION: THE PEJ S EXPERIENCE IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4190@1.
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Este estudo tem por objetivo, a partir de uma reflexão
histórica da educação de adultos, compreender as sucessivas
políticas educacionais destinadas àqueles indivíduos a
partir de 15 anos ou mais que não puderam continuar
estudando. Como, desde o início republicano no Brasil, a
educação de adultos tem seu núcleo assentado na educação
popular e esta, freqüentemente, tem se ressentido de
programas permanentes, a escolaridade de jovens e adultos
pouco tem avançado no sentido de sua superação. Por outro
lado, é constante em nossa história uma educação de
adultos, supletiva, organizada em função das demandas do
mercado de trabalho. Com a crise de empregabilidade
acentuada a partir dos anos 90, situação que levou a
extinção de centenas de postos de trabalho, a educação de
adultos tem mudado de foco. O avanço do neoliberalismo,
dando ênfase a trabalhadores polivalentes, empreendedores,
autônomos e flexíveis tem classificado como obsoleta e
retrógrada as conquistas trabalhistas do passado que, de
alguma forma, protegiam o trabalho contra a desigualdade
promovida pelo capital. Denunciando tais conquistas como
responsáveis pela crise do capitalismo, tornava-se
necessário afastar da escassa oferta de trabalho aqueles
trabalhadores que simbolizavam uma época de avanços e
unidade de classe. Para tanto, a partir da década de 80, no
Brasil, será recuperado e trazido ao cenário, como ícone
desses novos tempos o indivíduo jovem. Essas ações de
trabalho, por estarem vinculadas a história da educação de
adultos, nos moveram para pesquisar como o fenômeno da
juvenilização vem se revelando no interior da EJA. Como a
Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Cidade do Rio de
Janeiro, tem um programa de educação fundamental,
denominado Projeto de Educação Juvenil (PEJ), decidimos
direcionar nossos estudos buscando apreender como está se
estruturando, no interior deste Projeto, as relações entre
jovens e adultos.The present study has the purpose of examining, from a reflection on the history of adult education, the successive educational policies destined to individuals who are 15 years old or more and were unable to continue studying. Since the early Brazilian Republic, adult education is based on popular education, which frequently rejected permanent programs. Therefore, the educational level of youngsters and adults has not achieved significant progress. On the other hand, intensive (supletivo) adult education is a constant in our history, being organized according to labor market demands. With the employment crisis, which worsened since the 1990s, a situation that extinguished hundreds of labor positions, adult education has changed its focus. The advance of neoliberalism, emphasizing multi-purpose, proactive, autonomous and flexible workers, has classified labor achievements of the past - which somehow protected workers from inequalities caused by capital - as obsolete and retrograde. Such older labor achievements were denounced as responsible for the capitalist crisis, and workers who symbolized an age of class progress and unions were kept away from the scarce job offers. Since the 1980s, in Brazil, the young individual, an icon of such new times, has been retrieved and brought back to the scene. Such labor actions, being connected to the history of adult education, have lead us to investigate how the phenomenon of juvenilization is taking place within Juvenile and Adult Education programs. We have decided to focus our studies on a basic education program named Projeto de Educação Juvenil (PEJ, Juvenile Education Project) by the Municipal Education Department of the City of Rio de Janeiro, seeking to understand how the relations between youngsters and adults are being structured within this Project.
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Melo, Fernanda Colpo de. "S?ntese do PET-CO-PLLA e avalia??o da biodegrada??o em solo preparado". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3134.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-24Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a reciclagem qu?mica do poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET) p?s-consumo atrav?s da s?ntese de novos copoli?steres alif?ticoarom?ticos obtidos a partir da polimeriza??o em massa, em altas temperatura (240 ?C), do poli(?cido L-l?ctico) com o PET p?s-consumo em diferentes propor??es em massa. Ap?s a s?ntese e caracteriza??o dos copol?meros realizou-se o processo de degrada??o em solo preparado pelas normas da ASTM G160 International. Atrav?s dos espectros de RMN 1H e FTIR foi poss?vel confirmar a forma??o dos copol?meros. Tamb?m, foi evidenciado pelos dados de DSC, TGA e MEV que os copol?meros que possuem menor teor de PET degradam com mais facilidade e possuem menor estabilidade t?rmica. Contudo, podemos observar que esta reciclagem qu?mica do PET ? um m?todo importante para ajudar na resolu??o do impacto ambiental gerado pelo ac?mulo deste material, que possui boas propriedades mec?nicas, alta resist?ncia qu?mica aliada ? alta produ??o.
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Franzén, Therese, i Jenny Sundqvist. "Betydelsen av Fluorodeoxyglukos Positron Emissions Tomografi (18F-FDG PET) för att detektera Alzheimer´s sjukdom". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-91844.
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Giraud, Cédric. "Per verba magistri : Anselme de Laon, son école et le mouvement théologique du XIIe s". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040145.
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Sans avoir toujours reçu l’attention qu’il mérite, Anselme de Laon († 1117) est un des principaux maîtres de la première moitié du XIIe siècle. Son exemple permet de montrer la genèse d’une autorité propre aux maîtres en théologie. En effet, grâce à l’étude de la carrière d’Anselme, à l’examen de ses sentences théologiques ainsi que des recueils rattachés à son enseignement, il est possible d’évaluer la manière dont un maître fait école. L’autorité magistrale ne se manifeste que de manière voilée, comme oblique, avec une sorte de réserve qui en est la marque distinctive. Cette genèse de l’autorité magistrale correspond aux années 1130-1140 : la diffusion du souvenir d’Anselme, la copie des sentences anselmiennes, l’organisation des recueils de son école, tous ces phénomènes ont lieu dans ces deux décennies. Le milieu théologique qui s’organise alors à Paris se dote de références dont le modèle est Anselme de LaonAnselm of Laon was one of the major teachers in the first half of the 12th century. The example of Anselm of Laon made it possible to consider the way medieval masters in theology reached an authority. Thanks to his career, his theological sentences and treatises connected with his teaching, we can see how a theological school grew. This new authority appeared clearly around 1130-1140 : the diffusion of the anselmian sentences and the writing of the treatises took place during these years
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Ferranti, Francesca. "Il metodo Level(S) per il confronto dei profili ambientali di diverse soluzioni di involucro edilizio". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Il settore dell’edilizia è uno dei maggiori responsabili delle alterazioni ambientali. All’interno dell’Unione Europea, l’edilizia è responsabile del 40% del consumo energetico e del 50% delle emissioni di anidride carbonica e gas.
Nel 1987, Gro Harlem Brundtland nel rapporto «Our common future» evidenziò la necessità di attuare una strategia che integri le esigenze dello sviluppo tenendo conto dell’effetto che ha sull’ambiente. La strategia definita dal rapporto è stata denominata con il termine “sustainable development” che indica <<… quello sviluppo che consente alla generazione presente di soddisfare i propri bisogni senza compromettere la possibilità delle generazioni future di soddisfare i propri>>.
Il tema centrale della tesi è la valutazione della sostenibilità attraverso il metodo Level(s). Il quadro Level(s) è stato proposto nel 2017 dal Joint Research Center della Commissione Europea e si propone come riferimento comune in ambito UE per la valutazione della sostenibilità degli edifici. Il quadro Level(s) promuove un processo di valutazione basato sull'intero ciclo di vita, orientando gli utenti dall'interesse iniziale per i singoli aspetti delle prestazioni dell'edificio verso una prospettiva più olistica.
La tesi analizza:
ゝ Le caratteristiche che rendono un edificio sostenibile;
ゝ I sistemi di valutazione e certificazione dei livelli di sostenibilità;
ゝ Il quadro Level(s) ed i suoi macro-obiettivi;
ゝ L’applicazione dei macro-obiettivi di Level(s) ad un caso studio.
Dopo aver approfondito lo studio della metodica Level(s), la tesi sviluppa l’applicazione dei due macro-obiettivi previsti dal quadro Level(s) ad un caso studio di un edificio semplificato:
ゝ Macro-obiettivo 1: emissioni di gas serra lungo il ciclo di vita di un edificio
ゝ Macro-obiettivo 2: cicli di vita dei materiali circolari ed efficienti nell'uso delle risorse
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Belfrage, Sean, i Adrian Ahmadi. "Investigating the Accuracy of Analyst Consensus for Earnings per Share of S&P 100 companies". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168017.
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This study investigated what affects how accurately financial analysts can predict the earnings per share of companies included in the Standard & Poor’s 100 index. To achieve this goal data on earnings forecasts was gathered for the years 2000 through 2013. Further this study investigated if there are any differences in the accuracy of optimistic respectively pessimistic earnings consensus forecasts. Multiple linear regressions were used in order to answer the imposed questions. The factors found, in this study, to affect the forecast accuracy were consensus dispersion, company size, net margin, which exchange a company is listed on and, to some extent, a company’s industry classification. Further, the result of the study implies that there is no difference in the accuracy of optimistic respectively pessimistic earnings consensus forecasts. In this study the models utilised, and the factors investigated, could only explain a limited part of what affects the earnings forecast accuracy. Lastly, a concluding qualitative attempt was made to find factors which affect the accuracy but which were hard to incorporate in this quantitative study.Denna studie syftade till att undersöka vad som påverkar hur noggrant finansanalytiker kan förutsäga resultatet per aktie för företag som ingår i Standard & Poors 100 index. För att uppnå detta mål samlades data om vinstprognoser in för åren 2000 till 2013. Vidare syftade denna studie till att undersöka om det finns någon skillnad i noggrannhet hos optimistiska respektive pessimistiska konsensusprognoser. Multipla linjära regressioner användes för att besvara dessa frågor. De faktorer som denna studie fann har påverkan på prognosprecisionen är konsensusdispersion, företagsstorlek, nettomarginal, vilken börs företaget är noterat på och, i viss mån, ett företags industriklassificering. Vidare visar resultaten av studien att det inte finns någon skillnad i noggrannheten för optimistiska respektive pessimistiska konsensusprognoser. I denna studie kunde modellerna som användes, och faktorerna som undersöktes, bara förklara en begränsad del av vad som påverkar en resultatprognos noggrannhet. Slutligen fördes en kvalitativ diskussion kring vilka faktorer som påverkar träffsäkerheten ytterligare, men som var svåra att implementera i denna kvantitativa studie.
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Madureira, Jos? Gabriel Periss? "O encontro como categoria teol?gica a partir da obra de Alfonso L?pez Quint?s". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8222.
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The definition of encounter, according to the Spanish philosopher Alfonso L?pez Quint?s, is the starting point for to draw around the encounter as a theological category. The purpose was to clearly identify the essential characteristics and the fruits of the interpersonal encounter, as well as the discovery of the values and the longing for transcendence. When contrasting the theory of the encounter of L?pez Quint?s with the work of different philosophers, theologians and thinkers who focused on the idea of "encounter with God", it is possible to glimpse and make explicit, in the work of this author, the main features of a legitimate theology of the encounter.
A partir do pensamento do fil?sofo espanhol Alfonso L?pez Quint?s, tenciona-se delinear nesta disserta??o o encontro como categoria teol?gica, identificando com clareza as caracter?sticas essenciais, as exig?ncias e os frutos do encontro interpessoal, da descoberta dos valores que decorrem do encontro e do desejo de transcend?ncia. Contrastando a teoria do encontro de L?pez Quint?s com o trabalho de diferentes fil?sofos, te?logos e pensadores que se debru?aram sobre a ideia de um ?encontro com Deus?, ? poss?vel vislumbrar e explicitar na obra deste autor os principais tra?os de uma leg?tima teologia do encontro.
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De, Marchi Agnese <1974>. "Between pen and palette : the image(s) of Venice in the work of F. Hopkinson Smith". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1160.
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Questo lavoro intende esplorare l'immagine di Venezia nell'opera dello scrittore e pittore americano Francis Hopkinson Smith (1838-1915) facendo riferimento soprattutto alla sua opera più significativa che è il travelogue intitolato 'Venice of To-Day' pubblicato nel 1895, e successivamente ripubblicato con il titolo 'Gondola Days' nel 1897. Smith si colloca all'interno di una più vasta tradizione di scritti e dipinti che vede Venezia posta al centro di un paesaggio immaginario, inseguito, visitato e costantemente ri-definito da una moltitudine di artisti americani che si recano nella città lagunare nel corso dell'Ottocento. Attraverso lo sguardo di questi artisti, scrittori e pittori, la cultura americana ha declinato le infinite possibilità di rappresentazione di questa città muovendosi lungo una vasta gamma di letture che spaziano dalla più tipica visione pittoresca ad una visione più complessa e problematizzante di Venezia rappresentata ad esempio, da Sargent in pittura e James nella letteratura. Hopkinson Smith, scrittore e pittore molto popolare nel contesto culturale americano di metà Ottocento, presenta nelle sue opere un'immagine di Venezia che ben riflette la continua tensione vissuta dalla città tra la rappresentazione stereotipata della propria peculiarità e gli inevitabili cambiamenti apportati dalla modernità che irrompe nel paesaggio veneziano nel corso dell'Ottocento. La Venezia di Smith rappresenta un tentativo di mediazione tra le molteplici letture che il mondo anglo-americano ha dato della città lagunare e che vengono espresse da una serie di elementi presenti nell'opera di questo autore: il senso dell'esotico e del pittoresco, la presenza di un passato che paradossalmente sottolinea l'a-temporalità della dimensione spaziale veneziana, il volto di una città sospesa fra luce, colore e acqua che è al tempo stesso artefice e vittima della propria rappresentazione. Smith alterna descizioni pittoresche e implicitamente stereotipate ad una visione più fresca e intuitiva della città colta anche nei piccoli segni della modernità.The aim of this work is to examine the image of Venice in the works of Francis Hopkinson Smith (1838-1915), especially in his most extensive work on Venice, the illustrated travelogue 'Venice of To-Day' which was published in 1895. An engineer, a painter and a writer, Smith was a popular figure in the cultural landscape of nineteenth century America, and like many other American artists he fell under the spell of the 'Queen of the Adriatic'. For more than twenty years, Smith spent every summer in Venice, painting an impressive numbers of Venetian views, mostly watercolors and charcoals, which he would display (and then sell) in highly successful exhibitions in the United States. Nineteenth century American culture viewed Venice as the exotic place 'par excellence', a place where the presence of the past could be fully perceive and which represented the quintessential essence of the picturesque. On the one hand, Smith's representation of Venice was widely influenced by the interpretative conventions of the culture he belonged to, but on the other hand, as the title of his travelogue suggests, he tried to offer a fresher and more authentic view of a city, which had to face the changes brought by modernity. Through the magnifying lens of Smith's writings and watercolors representing Venice, we are given the possibility to explore the way in which American culture perceived and represented this peculiar city both as a real place and an imaginary one.
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CAEIRO, Rui Miguel Pereira. "Transexualidade(s) e travestilidade(s) no jornalismo: uma análise discursiva das notícias produzidas em Pernambuco pelo Aqui PE e Jornal do Commercio". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17750.
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CAPEs
A presente investigação é instigada por dois pressupostos: 1) compreendendo a grande mídia como instituição integrada, e originada, no sistema capitalista, ela é foco de complexas lutas de/pelo poder para/de influenciar a produção de significados e representações sociais – ou seja, é espaço privilegiado no (re)conhecimento da (in)existência e (in)visibilização de vozes, temas e mundos, assim colaborando na (re)construção social da realidade; 2) na sociedade brasileira, pessoas trans constituem um dos grupos político-identitários que maior marginalização sofre diariamente – de ordem estrutural, muitas das violências transfóbicas/ cissexistas que enfrentam são resultado, e resultam, do/no apagamento de suas vozes, historicamente patologizadas/ criminalizadas pelos saberes ‘oficiais’ (principalmente os construídos pela medicina e ciências psi, reproduzidos nos mais variados espaços públicos e privados). Nossa hipótese é que a mídia é, também, espaço de (re)produção de violências e exclusão de pessoas trans – hipótese essa que ao final afirmamos, e justificamos, como verdadeira. Desta forma, o trabalho tem três objetivos centrais: 1) analisar os discursos produzidos (jan.2014 – jan.2015) por Aqui PE e Jornal de Commercio (versões impressas) acerca de transexualidade(s) e travestilidade(s); 2) através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com alguns dos sujeitos envolvidos na produção noticiosa (editoras/es dos cadernos analisados), lançar pistas sobre algumas das concepções acerca de transexualidade e travestilidade que circulam nas redações dos jornais, bem como sobre outras variáveis que condicionem a construção noticiosa dos temas; 3) alinhavando teorizações provenientes, principalmente, das Teorias do Jornalismo, Estudos Críticos do Discurso e Estudos Queer, refletir sobre as possibilidades de mudança discursiva, portanto social, acerca da(s) transexualidade(s), travestilidade(s) e, necessária-simultaneamente, cisgeneridade(s).
The investigation is instigated by two assumptions: 1) understanding the mainstream media as an institution integrated, and originated, in the capitalist system, it is the focus of complex struggles of/for power to influence the production of meanings and social representations – i.e., its a privileged space for the recognition of (in)existence and (in)visibility of voices, themes and worlds, thus collaborating in the reconstruction of reality; 2) in Brazilian society, transgender people are one of the political/identity groups that, on daily bases, experience social marginalization – structural, many of the transphobic/ cissexists violence they face are the result, and result, from / in the deletion of their voices, historically pathologized/ criminalized by 'official' knowledge (mostly built by medicine and psychological sciences, reproduced in various public and private spaces). Our hypothesis is that the media is, also, space of (re)production of violence and exclusion of transgender people - a hypothesis that at the end we found to be true. Thus, the work has three main objectives: 1) to analyze the discourses produced (jan.2014 - jan.2015) on Aqui PE and Jornal do Commercio (printed versions) about transsexuality(s); 2) through semi-structured interviews with some of those involved in news production (publishers of the analyzed books), provide clues about some of the conceptions of transsexuality circulating in newsroom and newspapers, as well as other variables that condition the construction of news topics; 3) tacking theories derived mainly from Journalism Theories, Critical Discourse Studies and Queer Studies, reflect on the possibilities of discursive change, therefore social changes, about transgenderity and, necessary- simultaneously, cisgenderity.
28
Udemba, Angela. "Towards the development of caspase-3/7 inhibitor(s) for in vivo PET imaging of cancer apoptosis". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/28575.
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The ability to image caspase activation provides a powerful tool for the evaluation of the oncologic therapeutic response via the apoptotic cascade. Research efforts have focused on the development of radiolabelled non-peptidyl caspase inhibitors to be utilised for imaging purposes. Isatin sulfonamides are of particular interest because of their specificity and potency for inhibiting the 'apoptotic executioner' caspase-3. However, imaging attempts using the radiolabelled lead isatin have shown low target-to-background radiotracer uptake. The research aim was to explore alternative series of caspase-3 inhibitors as radioligands with optimal properties for the PET imaging of apoptosis. The series based on the pyrimidoindolone, triazoleindolone and imidazoleindolone heterocycles are structurally similar to the isatin core heterocycle, with all containing the crucial ketone responsible for caspase inhibition via the formation of a thiohemiketal with an active site cysteine residue. Using computational modelling studies combined with UV-vis titrations, these heterocycles were shown to have the propensity to favourably form thiohemiketals and therefore potentially inhibit caspase-3. Initial target structures, modelled on the structure of the lead isatin, were subsequently designed for synthesis and biological characterisation. Pyrimidoindolone target was synthesised and radiolabelled using modified literature conditions. Biological results showed the pyrimidoindolone to have a similar biological profile to isatin. Four different synthetic strategies were investigated for the synthesis of the imidazoleindolone and triazoleindolone heterocycles including, the use isatin sulfonamide intermediates, an intramolecular SNAr cyclisation process, Friedel-Crafts cyclisation method and nucleophilic addition to a benzonitrile. Preparation of imidazoleindolone was achieved with the SNAr cyclisation route. Preparation of triazoleindolone proved challenging with synthesis of only the core heterocyclic precursors, hydrazone and ketal achieved using the SNAr cyclisation route. Acid-sensitivity of the ring system hindered deprotection reactions and led to ring destruction.
29
PEZZOLA, SILVIA. "Glutatione s-trasferasi p1-1 come possibile bersaglio per lo sviluppo di nuovi chemioterapici: un approccio bivalente". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1220.
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Nella presente tesi si è studiato il meccanismo d' azione di molecole che hanno come bersaglio intracellulare la Glutatione S-trasferasi (GST).
Le GST sono una famiglia di enzimi di detossificazione. La reazione generale catalizzata da tutte le isoforme è la coniugazione del glutatione (GSH) ad una molecola contenente un gruppo elettrofilo. Tale reazione permette lâ eliminazione della molecola in quanto il coniugato è più solubile ed atto a essere escreto. Inoltre, le GST sono dei modulatori endogeni della proteine che regolano la morte cellulare programmata (apoptosi). Dal secolo scorso, è noto che l' iperespressione delle GST è associata all' insorgenza dei tumori e porta alla resistenza ai farmaci chemioterapici.
Lo studio è stato condotto su due fronti. Sono stati sintetizzati e caratterizzati degli analoghi del 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzossadiazol-4-yltio)esanolo (NBDHEX), un promettente inibitore di alcune classi di GST(GSTP1-1, GSTM2-2), con lo scopo di individuare delle molecole più idrosolubili e con una maggiore selettività verso l' isoforma GSTP1-1, iperespressa nei tumori (parte 1). Inoltre è stato caratterizzato il meccanismo d' azione della brostallicina, una molecola che sfrutta l' iperespressione del sistema GSH/GST per la produzione di una specie alchilante del DNA (parte 2).
1. L' analisi cristallografica del sito attivo della GSTM2-2 e della GSTP1-1 ha messo in evidenza che lâ anello benzossadiazolico è ben stabilizzato dai residui aminoacidici presenti nel sito H di entrambe le isoforme. Nel sito attivo della GSTP1-1, invece, si possono migliorare le interazioni tra il nitro gruppo, carico negativamente, e alcuni residui carichi positivamente. Inoltre la catena alcolica dell'NBDHEX interagisce solo debolmente con i residui aminoacidici della sito attivo. Basandosi su queste evidenze, si sono valutati gli effetti della sostituzione del gruppo nitro con un gruppo solfonico e la variazione della catena alcolica con un gruppo benzene variamente sostituito. I composti che ne sono derivati sono: il 6-(7-sulfo-2,1,3-benzossadiazol-4-yltio)esanolo (SBDHEX), e derivati del nitrobenzofurazano funzionalizzati in catena laterale, a cui sono state date le sigle 2759, 2766, 2760, 2868, 2871, 2872, 2874, 2875 e 2876. Questi composti, sebbene non si siano dimostrati più efficaci dellâ NBDHEX hanno fornito informazioni utili per la progettazione di nuovi inibitori con scheletro nitro-benzossafurazanico. Dagli studi condotti è emerso che il gruppo-nitro è fondamentale per l' interazione con l' enzima poiché l' SBDHEX non sembra interagire con la GSTP1-1 e non è in grado di formare un complesso-Ï . La presenza di un anello aromatico, come sostituente della catena laterale dell' anello benzossadiazolico, aumenta la selettività delle molecole nei confronti dell' isoforma GSTP1-1. Infine, le molecole estremamente solubili (SBDHEX, 2760, 2875) hanno un basso effetto citotossico imputabile alla loro difficoltà di diffondere nel doppio strato fosfolipidico.
2. La brostallicina un pro-farmaco che sfrutta l' iperespressione del sistema GSH/GST. Partendo dalle evidenze indirette, è stato chiarito e caratterizzato il meccanismo citotossico di questa molecola che è in fase di sperimentazione clinica. Dagli studi condotti con differenti tecniche sperimentali è stato possibile concludere che sia la GSTP1-1 che la GSTM2-2 catalizzano la reazione tra la brostallicina e il GSH. In particolare, l' isoforma GSTM2-2 ha un' affinità maggiore verso la molecola e ne permette l' impiego in quei tumori che la iperesprimono. Entrambe le isoforme catalizzano la formazione di un intermedio di reazione, l' addotto brostallicina-GSH, che presenta un cloro come sostituente del Cα. Questo intermedio è convertito lentamente nei prodotti di reazione in cui il cloro viene sostituito da un gruppo fosfato o un ossidrile. Basandosi sui dati cinetici, è stato proposto un meccanismo per spiegare in modo soddisfacente la reazione tra brostallicina e GSH catalizzata dalla GSTP1-1. Infine l' ipotesi che il composto con il cloro potesse rappresentare la forma attiva del farmaco, è stata validata utilizzando la tecnica dell' interruzione della polimerasi. Infatti questa molecola, in assenza di GSH/GST, è in grado di alchilare il DNA con la stessa specificità di sequenza della miscela contenete brostallicina, GSH e GSTP1-1. Questi studi hanno permesso di chiarire il ruolo svolto dalle GST nel meccanismo d' azione della brostallicina e il motivo per cui questo chemioterapico sia avvantaggiato dallâ iperespressione del sistema GSH/GST.In this experimental work the mechanism of action of drugs, which have as intracellular target the Glutathion S-Transferases (GST), is investigated. GST are a family of enzymes involved in the detoxification pathway. These enzymes catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds, leading to a more soluble species which can be easily eliminated. Furthermore, GST are endogenous modulators of proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway. From the last century, it is known that the aberrant expression of GST isozymes is correlate with tumor onset and implicated in the development of resistance toward chemotherapy agents. We used two different approaches studying GST as target for the development of new anticancer compounds. We synthesized new molecules starting from the 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzossadiazol-4-ylthio)exanol (NBDHEX), a promising inhibitor of Pi and Mu classes of GSTs (GSTP1-1 and GSTM2-2), with the aim to produce compounds more soluble and specific for the GSTP1-1 (section 1). Moreover, we characterize the mechanism of action of brostallicin, which take advantage from the overexpression of GSH/GST system to lead a molecules able to bind DNA (section 2). 1. The crystallographic analysis of the active site of GSTM2-2 and GSTP1-1 reveals that the residues in the H site of both isoenzymes well stabilize the benzossadiazole ring. However in the active site of GSTP1-1 the interactions can be improved. In particular, the interaction among the nitro group, which has a negative charge when forming Ï - complex, and some residues which have a positive charges, and also between alcoholic chain of NBDHEX with the active site. Based on these evidences we will assess the effects of the substitution of the nitro group with a sulfonic one and the changing of the alcoholic chain with aromatic group variously substituted. The resulting molecules are: 6-(7- sulfo-2,1,3-benzossadiazol-4-ylthio)exanol (SBDHEX), and derivatives of the nitrobenzofurazane ring, functionalized on the lateral chain: 2759, 2766, 2760, 2868, 2871, 2872, 2874, 2875 e 2876. These compounds are less effective than NBDHEX, however we collect important information to better design new inhibitor with bezoxadiazole bone. From our studies we clarified the important of the nitro group. Infact, the nitro group make possible the interaction with the enzyme because SBDHEX does not interact with GSTP1-1 and the molecule is not able to form the Ï -complex. The benzene ring improve the selectivity towards the GSTP1-1. Finally, compounds which are more soluble (SBDHEX, 2760, 2875) have less cytotoxic effect because of they are unable to diffuse cell membrane. 2. Brostallicin is a pro-drug which take advantage of the overexpression of GSH/GST system. Based on this evidence we clarify the mechanism of action of this compound which is in clinical trial. Through different experimental approaches we can conclude that both GSTP1-1 than GSTM2-2 catalyze the reaction between brostallicin and GSH. In particular, the affinity of brostallicin is higher for GSTM2-2 and the drug is fully active at the concentration using in cancer treatment. Both isoenzyme catalyze the formation of an intermediate reactive species, which is slowly converted into the final products. This intermediate, identified as the alpha-chloroamido derivative of the GSH-brostallicin adduct, is able to alkylate DNA in a sequence-specific manner and appears to be the active form of the drug. The kinetic behavior of the reaction between brostallicin and GSH, catalyzed by GSTP1-1, has been studied in detail, and a minimum kinetic scheme that suitably describes the experimental data is provided. Overall, these data fully support and extend the findings that brostallicin could be indicated for the treatment of tumor overexpressing the pi or mu class GST.
30
FIORINI, Stella. "Primi studi SAR (structure activity relationship) del Neuropeptide S. Modifiche chimiche per migliorare la farmacocinetica della Nocicettina". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388726.
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Neuropeptide S (NPS) is the last endogenous peptide identified via the reverse pharmacology
approach. The human form of NPS is a 20 residue peptide of the following primary sequence,
SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS, which is highly conserved among species. After its pairing with
NPS, the previously orphan G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR154 was named the NPS
receptor and abbreviated as NPSR. NPSR shows low homology to other members of the GPCR
family.
Cells stably expressing NPSR display a transient increase in the initial Ca2+ concentration levels in
response to nanomole concentrations of NPS, thus suggesting that NPS behaves as an excitatory
transmitter. When injected supraspinally in rodents, NPS produces anxiolitic-like effects associated
with stimulation of wakefulness. The biological originality of this peptide–receptor system relies on
its combined effects on anxiety and arousal, a behavioral profile that differs from those of all the
known anxiolitic and arousal promoting agents.
The development of selective ligands for NPSR is now mandatory to investigate the functions of
this novel neurotransmitter system.
Ala- and D-scans together with N- and C-terminal truncation studies demonstrated that the N
terminal portion of NPS is crucial for bioactivity. In this work the residues Phe2-Arg3-Asn4-Gly5
were subjected to systematic replacement with coded and non coded aminoacids; these
modifications may provide useful indications for the design of novel NPSR ligands.
All peptides were synthesized using Fmoc/tBu chemistry. Purification of the crude peptides were
achieved by preparative HPLC and the purity grade was checked by analytical HPLC and mass
spectrometry.
The novel peptides were pharmacologically evaluated in a calcium mobilization assay using
HEK293 cells stably expressing the mouse NPSR (HEK293mNPSR) and the fluorometric imaging
plate reader FlexStation II.
Position 2 (Phe) plays a role in both receptor binding and activation, as demonstrated by the
reduction in efficacy displayed by [Bip2]hNPS. Investigation of position 3 (Arg) revealed that the
guanidine moiety and its basic character are not crucial requirements and that an aliphatic
aminoacid with a linaer three carbon atom long side chain is sufficient to bind and fully activate
NPSR.
Position 5 (Gly) can tolerate substitutions with aminoacids characterized by small side chians while
larger side chains reduce agonist potency.
The chirality of aminoacid residues at position 5 of NPS has a crucial role for peptide efficacy with
L aminoacids favoring agonist and D aminoacids promoting antagonist bioactive conformations.
Moreover, in the frame of the present study, the first generation of NPSR peptide pure antagonists
was identified and [D-Val5]NPS was pharmacologically characterized in vitro and in vivo.
A further study performed on position 5 confirmed previous indications that the D relative
configuration of amino acid residues at position 5 of NPS promotes antagonist activity and indicates
that the peptide antagonist potency is inversely related to the D-Xaa5 side chain. [tBu-D-Gly5]NPS
and [D-Pen5]NPS identified in the context of the present study represent the most potent NPSR
antagonist so far identified.
Position 4 (Asn) seems to be very sensitive to aminoacids replacement; in fact, all the aminoacid
replacements investigated produced an important decrease of biological activity or generated
inactive derivatives suggesting a pivotal role of the Asn4 side chain for NPS bioactivity.
31
Sardonini, Laura <1979>. "Invariants estimation in nonlinear time series". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/381/1/PhDThesis-Sardonini.pdf.
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Sardonini, Laura <1979>. "Invariants estimation in nonlinear time series". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/381/.
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33
Endrizzi, Isabella <1975>. "Clustering of variables around latent components: an application in consumer science". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/667/1/Tesi_Endrizzi_Isabella.pdf.
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The present work proposes a method based on CLV (Clustering around Latent
Variables) for identifying groups of consumers in L-shape data. This kind of datastructure
is very common in consumer studies where a panel of consumers is asked to
assess the global liking of a certain number of products and then, preference scores are
arranged in a two-way table Y. External information on both products (physicalchemical
description or sensory attributes) and consumers (socio-demographic
background, purchase behaviours or consumption habits) may be available in a row
descriptor matrix X and in a column descriptor matrix Z respectively. The aim of this
method is to automatically provide a consumer segmentation where all the three
matrices play an active role in the classification, getting homogeneous groups from all
points of view: preference, products and consumer characteristics.
The proposed clustering method is illustrated on data from preference studies on food
products: juices based on berry fruits and traditional cheeses from Trentino. The
hedonic ratings given by the consumer panel on the products under study were
explained with respect to the product chemical compounds, sensory evaluation and
consumer socio-demographic information, purchase behaviour and consumption habits.
34
Endrizzi, Isabella <1975>. "Clustering of variables around latent components: an application in consumer science". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/667/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The present work proposes a method based on CLV (Clustering around Latent
Variables) for identifying groups of consumers in L-shape data. This kind of datastructure
is very common in consumer studies where a panel of consumers is asked to
assess the global liking of a certain number of products and then, preference scores are
arranged in a two-way table Y. External information on both products (physicalchemical
description or sensory attributes) and consumers (socio-demographic
background, purchase behaviours or consumption habits) may be available in a row
descriptor matrix X and in a column descriptor matrix Z respectively. The aim of this
method is to automatically provide a consumer segmentation where all the three
matrices play an active role in the classification, getting homogeneous groups from all
points of view: preference, products and consumer characteristics.
The proposed clustering method is illustrated on data from preference studies on food
products: juices based on berry fruits and traditional cheeses from Trentino. The
hedonic ratings given by the consumer panel on the products under study were
explained with respect to the product chemical compounds, sensory evaluation and
consumer socio-demographic information, purchase behaviour and consumption habits.
35
Properzi, Enrico <1976>. "Genome characterization through a mathematical model of the genetic code: an analysis of the whole chromosome 1 of A. thaliana". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5164/1/Properzi_Enrico_tesi.pdf.
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The objective of this work is to characterize the genome of the chromosome 1 of A.thaliana, a small flowering plants used as a model organism in studies of biology and genetics, on the basis of a recent mathematical model of the genetic code.
I analyze and compare different portions of the genome: genes, exons, coding sequences (CDS), introns, long introns, intergenes, untranslated regions (UTR) and regulatory sequences. In order to accomplish the task, I transformed nucleotide sequences into binary sequences based on the definition of the three different dichotomic classes.
The descriptive analysis of binary strings indicate the presence of regularities in each portion of the genome considered. In particular, there are remarkable differences between coding sequences (CDS and exons) and non-coding sequences, suggesting that the frame is important only for coding sequences and that dichotomic classes can be useful to recognize them.
Then, I assessed the existence of short-range dependence between binary sequences computed on the basis of the different dichotomic classes.
I used three different measures of dependence: the well-known chi-squared test and two indices derived from the concept of entropy i.e. Mutual Information (MI) and Sρ, a normalized version of the “Bhattacharya Hellinger Matusita distance”.
The results show that there is a significant short-range dependence structure only for the coding sequences whose existence is a clue of an underlying error detection and correction mechanism.
No doubt, further studies are needed in order to assess how the information carried by dichotomic classes could discriminate between coding and noncoding sequence and, therefore, contribute to unveil the role of the mathematical structure in error detection and correction mechanisms. Still, I have shown the potential of the approach presented for understanding the management of genetic information.
36
Properzi, Enrico <1976>. "Genome characterization through a mathematical model of the genetic code: an analysis of the whole chromosome 1 of A. thaliana". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5164/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The objective of this work is to characterize the genome of the chromosome 1 of A.thaliana, a small flowering plants used as a model organism in studies of biology and genetics, on the basis of a recent mathematical model of the genetic code.
I analyze and compare different portions of the genome: genes, exons, coding sequences (CDS), introns, long introns, intergenes, untranslated regions (UTR) and regulatory sequences. In order to accomplish the task, I transformed nucleotide sequences into binary sequences based on the definition of the three different dichotomic classes.
The descriptive analysis of binary strings indicate the presence of regularities in each portion of the genome considered. In particular, there are remarkable differences between coding sequences (CDS and exons) and non-coding sequences, suggesting that the frame is important only for coding sequences and that dichotomic classes can be useful to recognize them.
Then, I assessed the existence of short-range dependence between binary sequences computed on the basis of the different dichotomic classes.
I used three different measures of dependence: the well-known chi-squared test and two indices derived from the concept of entropy i.e. Mutual Information (MI) and Sρ, a normalized version of the “Bhattacharya Hellinger Matusita distance”.
The results show that there is a significant short-range dependence structure only for the coding sequences whose existence is a clue of an underlying error detection and correction mechanism.
No doubt, further studies are needed in order to assess how the information carried by dichotomic classes could discriminate between coding and noncoding sequence and, therefore, contribute to unveil the role of the mathematical structure in error detection and correction mechanisms. Still, I have shown the potential of the approach presented for understanding the management of genetic information.
37
Balduzzi, Sara <1986>. "Statistical Methods for Dealing with Selective Crossover in Randomised Controlled Trials". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7252/1/Balduzzi_Sara_tesi.pdf.
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Background
Selective crossover (SCO) occurs when patients in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) are given the opportunity to switch from the arm in which they were initially allocated to the other arm. Problems in data analysis and interpretation may arise.
Objectives
Main objectives were to assess: (i) the prevalence of SCO in RCTs assessing the efficacy of therapies for breast cancer (BC); (ii) whether different statistical methods provide different results, in particular when the outcome of interest is a time-to-event outcome.
Methods
RCTs assessing the efficacy of therapies for BC were searched in the medical literature. Different methods for dealing with SCO exist. Among naïve methods, the Intention-To-Treat analysis (ITT), the censored analysis and the analysis considering the treatment as a time-varying covariate were contemplated; among more complex methods, the inverse probability of censoring weighting analysis, the Loeys and Goetghebeur estimator, and the rank preserving structural failure time models were considered. The methods were evaluated trough simulations, considering twelve scenarios which differed by the proportion of patients crossing over, their underlying prognosis, and the magnitude of true treatment effect.
Results
Crossover occurred in the 23.5% of RCTs identified. Simulations highlighted that ITT analysis, always presented, tend to underestimate the actual treatment effect across all scenarios. Other naïve methods are able to better estimate the treatment effect, but when the probability of crossover is assumed to depend on prognosis (i.e. patients with a poor prognosis cross over more frequently than patients with a good prognosis), they failed. More complex models work better, but each of them make assumptions not always verifiable or likely to occur in the considered context.
Conclusions
The present work aims to highlight the need for attention being paid on the phenomenon of SCO in RCTs, and underlines the concerns related to it.
38
Banchelli, Federico <1986>. "A Recursive Partitioning Approach to Hospital Case Mix Classification". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7776/1/Banchelli_Federico_Tesi.pdf.
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The present dissertation was focused on the study and development of a clinical data mining methodology for hospital case mix iso-resource classification. Several recursive partitioning methodologies were applied on Emilia-Romagna Region hospital discharge database. Here, the need for developing several alternative iso-resource subgroups was a critical point in the development of case mix classification systems, due to the presence of clinical coherence requirements.
Two major classes of trees were assessed: constant-fit trees and model-based trees, with a particular focus on the latter class, which peculiarity is to fit regression models in the nodes of the tree. After an extensive literature review, the traditional regression tree (constant-fit) and four model-based tree algorithms were assessed: two modifications of the Model-Based Recursive Partitioning (MOB) algorithm which were given additional flexibility by performing a within-node model selection step, respectively using count regression and continuous response regression GLMs; a two-step composite algorithm which fits regression trees and models in terminal nodes; quantile-model-based regression trees, by means of the Generalized Unbiased Interaction Detection and Estimation (GUIDE) algorithm.
These algorithms were compared under several points of view. Statistical performance, measured via bootstrap out-of-bag performance curves, was in favor of model-based trees, while, among them, competing performances were found. Implications for the design of hospital case mix classification systems were also evaluated, since the two classes of trees can be conceptually linked to different refunding schemes. Moreover, application and advantages of two different ensemble methods were discussed.
All the recursive partitioning methods employed resulted in the definition of iso-resource clinically similar subgroups of patients. Different interpretations were given to these alternative subgroups, due to differences in the rationale of the various splitting criteria. In particular, model-based trees identified subgroups with differential effects of patient’s age and clinical severity on resource consumption, here measured with hospital length of stay.
39
Lorenzon, Simone <1989>. "Extreme value prediction: a computational approach". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3469.
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In this paper we faced the problem of constructing prediction limits for series of extreme values, comparing procedures proposed by Fonseca et al (2012) and Hall et al (1999). Both prediction methods were applied to generalize extreme value distribution.
A simulation study was performed for comparing the previous methods to the estimative approach applied to Generalized Extreme Value distribution and Generalized Pareto distribution.
Forecasting methodologies were finally applied to series of real data related to rainfall in the UK, taken from the Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) database.
Despite the presence of some computational problems due to the calculation accuracy required, results of the simulations joined to what was seen on the real data have shown the improvement of the considered prediction methods on the estimative approaches.
40
Toniato, Stefano <1988>. "Ristorazione e social network: Il comportamento dei ristoratori padovani". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3691.
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Questo elaborato si sviluppa quindi in tre parti: una prima parte teorica-scientifica, che illustra la situazione economica del settore della ristorazione e il rapporto che c’è tra questo settore e le nuove delle tecnologie del 2.0, una seconda parte dove vengono mostrati e commentati i risultati dell’indagine statistica sull’uso delle tecnologie del web condotta tra i ristoranti della provincia di Padova e dintorni. Alla fine di questo elaborato è spiegato un modello matematico che permette di calcolare il numero di utenti che passano da una pagina Facebook di un ristorante a quella di un altro ristorante. A seguito di queste tre parti verranno proposte delle idee e tratte delle conclusioni.
L’elaborato si prefigge il compito di indagare il mondo della ristorazione nel territorio padovano e vedere se questo settore sta’ andando a passo con le tecnologie dei nostri giorni o se è un settore tradizionalista poco incline ad una trasformazione grazie al web.
Inoltre grazie al modello matematico sviluppato si vuole andare a vedere se e come i ristoratori dovrebbero puntare su Facebook e se pubblicizzare le pagine dei loro ristoranti per attirare clientela.
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Zaia, Andrea <1986>. "Modellazione e disegno sperimentale per sistemi ad alta dimensionalità". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4359.
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Con l’aumento delle capacità computazioni degli elaboratori elettronici gli insiemi di dati che vengono raccolti da ricercatori e studiosi in ogni settore di indagine aumentano in modo esponenziale. Non sempre però la crescita del numero dei dati e delle loro dimensioni implica una maggiore informazione e conoscenza sui fenomeni. Solo nuovi approcci metodologici e nuove forme di modellazione potranno aiutare nell'identificare l'informazione spesso nascosta in queste grandi insiemi di dati. Nella letteratura statistica si nota un crescente interesse per la costruzione di nuovi metodi di analisi e simulazione che consentano di identificare e interpretare al meglio queste informazioni.
In questo elaborato si darà inizialmente una descrizione del problema della grande numerosità e grande dimensionalità dei dati. Si presenteranno e analizzeranno quindi le nuove metodologie statistiche proposte per affrontare tale problema e si proporrà infine un approccio che si ritiene di particolare utilità in alcuni contesti di ricerca.
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Andreoletti, Mattia <1993>. "Implementing Remote Sensing technologies to assess the risk of faecal bacteria contamination in the northern Adriatic shellfish-farms". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15869.
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Questo elaborato nasce dall’opportunità di fornire uno strumento di comprensione ed applicazione efficiente delle normative europee sul tema food-security in campo di molluschicoltura, <
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Harris, Remi Edward Herve <1993>. "A Bayesian network approach for multi-sectoral flood damage assessment and multi-scenario analysis". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18195.
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Extreme weather events, from river flooding to droughts and tropical cyclones, are likely to become both more severe and more common in the coming years as a result of climate change and over-exploitation of natural resources, further worsening the potential impacts. The damages caused by these extreme events will be felt across all sectors of society, particularly in the form of economic loss to productivity and physical assets. In the face of this threat, policy and decision-makers are increasingly calling for approaches and tools able to support risk management and climate adaptation pathways that can capture and deal with the full extent of multi-sectoral damages.
In the frame of this thesis, building on the state-of-the-art research in the field of Machine Learning, a GIS-based Bayesian Network (BN) approach was developed exploiting damage data collected for the agricultural, residential, and industrial sectors from the 2014 Secchia river flooding event. The designed BN approach was able to capture and model multi-sectoral damages under future ‘what-if’ scenarios, standing for potential changes in the vulnerability (e.g. land use change) and hazard patterns (i.e. flooding scenarios under different return periods) within the investigated case.
The methodology will provide valuable support for disaster risk management and reduction against river flooding events, giving a sound picture on their multi-sectoral impacts, in line with the objectives of relevant EU’s acquis.
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TOCCU, Maurizio Pietro. "Statistical Functional Data Approach to Early Detection and Diagnostics. With Application to Steam Sterilizers". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/63630.
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Ragazzi, Susanna. "Innovative approaches for the construction of orthogonal arrays and permutation tests in complex experimental designs". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421682.
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This thesis work has been funded by a Fondazione Cariparo's scolarship for the research
project entitled on “The evaluation of customer satisfaction to improve product and services by new statistical methods of Conjoint Analysis and Design of Experiments". The work is principally focused on two aspects of the cited project which are the construction of Orthogonal Arrays (OAs), useful for Conjoint Analysis, and the development of new inferential techniques in planning of experiments. We consequently considered to insert the following title “Innovative approaches for the construction of orthogonal arrays and permutation tests in complex experimental designs "in order to give a clear representation of the contents of the thesis work and to highlight the parts, of the initial project, which
have been deepened. There has been wide contribution on OAs' existence and construction issues; in this work we propose a constructive approach based on the concept of counting polynomial functions; after a formalization of the main concepts and notions, we generate several OAs with different number of levels and strength. Particular attention is given to the construction of nonisomorphic classes of OAs, using these designs we propose a method for the statistical analysis in two-level and three-level unreplicated multifactorial designs. As for the development of inferential nonparametric methods for the analysis of data in experimental designs, we take into consideration the Randomized Complete Block (RCB) and Split-plot (SP) designs. After a critic and systematic revision of the inferential
methods proposed in literature, we propose original applications of the permutation tests.
As for the RCB designs, we took into consideration both the univaried and the multivaried case, proposing solutions based on more phases of the combination of the tests in order to obtain a global solution and to provide a method to adjust for the multiplicity of the p-value. Furthermore, we made studies for the validation of the adequacy of the proposed methods and we compared in terms of power the behavior of parametric and nonparametric tests from the literature with the proposed procedures. We also made an actual application of the method in the experimentation of new possible fragrances of a determined detergent with the one currently present on the market. For the SP designs we evaluated nonparametric permutation procedures based on the symmetries of the blocks (SYP) and direct combination of the partial tests in order to test the possible effects of the whole plot factors and their interactions. Through a simulation study we evaluated such tests in power and under H0, comparing them with known tests from the literature. Based on the results, we can affirm that the proposed methods provide a valid alternative and efficient solutions to analysis problems in experiment planning in presence of non normality of the error components, which is frequent in customer satisfaction studies and in presence of blocked factors.Il presente lavoro di tesi è stato finanziato da un borsa erogata dalla Fondazione Cariparo sul progetto di ricerca intitolato “The evaluation of customer satisfaction to improve product and services by new statistical methods of Conjoint Analysis and Design of Experiments". Il lavoro si è concentrato principalmente su due aspetti pienamente pertinenti al progetto sopracitato ovvero la costruzione di Orthogonal Arrays (OAs), funzionale alla Conjoint Analysis, e lo sviluppo di nuove tecniche inferenziali nell'ambito della pianificazione degli esperimenti. Si è ritenuto pertanto di inserire come titolo della presente tesi “Innovative approaches for the construction orthogonal arrays and permutation tests in complex experimental designs" in modo sia da rispecchiare in modo puntuale i contenuti dell'elaborato di tesi sia per evidenziare quali parti del progetto iniziale sono state maggiormente approfondite. Molti sono i contributi sulle problematiche di esistenza e costruzione degli OAs, qui si propone un approccio costruttivo basato sui concetti di counting polynomial functions; dopo un lavoro di formalizzazione dei principali concetti e nozioni, si procede alla generazione di numerosi OAs considerando diverse numerosità di livelli e di forza. Particolare attenzione è posta nella costruzione di classi non isomorfe di OAs attraverso le quali si propone un metodo per l'analisi statistica di piani multifattoriali a due ed a tre livelli non replicati. Le costruzioni dei disegni nonisomorfi sono basate sui concetti di algebraic strata, evitando così la computazione in campo complesso. Per quanto concerne lo sviluppo di metodologie inferenziali non parametriche nei disegni sperimentali, si sono presi in considerazione i disegni Randomized Complete Block (RCB) ed i disegni Split-plot (SP). Per entrambi i disegni dopo una revisione critica e sistematica dei metodi inferenziali proposti in letteratura si propongono applicazioni originali dei test di permutazione. Viene considerato, per i disegni RCB , sia il caso univariato che multivariato, proponendo soluzioni basate su più fasi di combinazione dei test allo scopo di ottenere una soluzioe globale ed anche di provveddere ad una metodologia per la correzione della molteplicità dei p-value. Sono stati inoltre effettuati studi di validazione dei test al fine di confrontare il comportamento, in termini di potenza, dei test parametrici e non parametrici da letteratura con quelli proposti. Viene inoltre effettuata un'applicazione reale del metodo nell'ambito della sperimentazione di nuove possibili fragranze di un determinato detergente con quella presente attualmente sul mercato. Per i disegni SP si valutano procedure di permutazione non parametriche basate sulle simmetrie dei blocchi (SYP) e combinazioni dirette dei test parziali al fine di testare i possibili effetti dei fattori principali e delle loro interazioni. Tramite uno studio di simulazione si valutano in potenza e sotto H0 tali test, comparandoli con test noti da letteratura. Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti, possiamo affermare che i metodi proposti forniscono una valida alternativa e soluzioni effcienti per problemi di analisi nella pianificazione degli esperimenti in presenza di non normalità delle componenti d'errore, cosa del resto frequente in studi di customer satisfaction, ed in presenza di fattori bloccati.
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Melegari, Alice. "Metodi per la locazione ottimale del materiale in alimentazione ad una linea di montaggio. Il caso FERRARI S. P.A". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/687/.
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Federzoni, Luca. "Un’applicazione per la navigazione assistita e supporto decentralizzato e la sua applicazione alla biblioteca di S. Giovanni in Monte". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16810/.
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In un contesto molto ampio e vario è difficile per gli studenti e gli altri utenti riuscire ad orientarsi e poter arrivare fino al libro da loro cercato.
Quando viene effettuata una ricerca viene indicato loro solo il nome della sezione di cui quel libro fa parte, ma non l’ubicazione di essa.
Lo è facilitare agli utenti la ricerca di un libro all’interno di un contesto così ampio e privo di riferimenti sulle posizioni.
L'applicazione Android è stata sviluppata per cercare di venire in contro a queste esigenze e difficoltà. Si prepone l’obiettivo di condurre lo studente verso lo scaffale nel quale è contenuto il libro cercato.
L’utilizzo dell’app si pone esattamente dopo la ricerca del libro tramite i metodi multimediali disponibili. All’utente viene fornito un codice di una sezione e sarà sufficiente che il medesimo lo inserisca nel campo di ricerca dell’applicazione per poi essere guidato fino a destinazione.
Obiettivo dell’elaborato è quello di proporre alcune possibili soluzioni che si possano inserire in questo contesto, analizzando il caso in cui si disponga di un server che svolge solo il ruolo di banca dati e quindi l’intero carico dell’elaborazione del percorso, del calcolo della rotta ottimale e della localizzazione dell’utente è tutto sul dispositivo. Nel caso di LibraryNavigatorQR, dopo diverse ricerche distinte, sarà possibile operare totalmente offline in quanto i dati potrebbero essere già stati cercati precedentemente.
In aggiunta non è necessario nemmeno che la copertura di rete sia attiva al momento della navigazione, in quanto è possibile cercare una sezione quando la connettività è presente e poi procedere alla navigazione quando essa è assente.
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Justyn, Adrian. "Sensori distribuiti in fibra ottica per il monitoraggio di compositi fibrorinforzati a matrice inorganica (FRCM) e geopolimerica (S-FRGM)". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Nell’attività sperimentale di questa tesi è stata indagata l’efficacia di sensori distribuiti in fibra ottica per il monitoraggio di compositi fibrorinforzati. Nella prima parte dell’attività sono state svolte prove a trazione su provini di tessuto di fibre di acciaio per determinare la modalità di incollaggio più appropriata per il fissaggio della fibra ottica ai microtrefoli. Successivamente sono state eseguite prove a trazione su provini FRCM e S-FRGM allo scopo di comprendere con quale accuratezza le fibre ottiche riescano a rilevare l’andamento in termini di tensioni e deformazioni delle due tipologie di materiale. L’indagine è terminata con il monitoraggio di prove di aderenza di FRCM applicati a muratura al fine di determinare la capacità dei sensori in fibra ottica di ottenere dati rilevanti sulla distribuzione delle sollecitazioni all’interno del sistema di rinforzo.
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Yanow, Stephanie Kim. "Regulation of Cdc18 and Cdt1 restricts S phase to once per cell cycle in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251716.
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Goularte, Marcelo Augusto Pinto Cardoso. "Avalia??o do t?ntalo ap?s tratamento de superf?cie com oxida??o por plasma eletrol?tico (PEO)". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1280.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-24Every year scientists and biomedical manufacturers bring to the market new biocompatible materials to use as prosthetic devices for the human body. Following that trend, oral implants manufactured with a Tantalum alloy started to be marketed in 2010 by a top orthopedic company. Although this metal has already been tested in dentistry and did not show satisfactory results from an experimental as well as a clinical standpoint in the past, the lack of a successful record was due to a poor comprehension of many important factors involved in the Osseointegration phenomenon. From the fixture design to the understanding of bone biology, the years of research have shown that survival and success in oral implantology is much more than the alloy can tell. And since bone histology has proved that Tantalum has a good healing response, we decided to subject this metal to a surface treatment similar to those regularly applied to Titanium fixtures. Using an especially PEO (Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) devised protocol we have tried to evaluate the production of a surface oxidation and salt deposition on the metal surface and verify them using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Detector or EDX). For that matter, four groups were prepared: Group 1 non-altered Tantalum metal sheets surfaces; Group 2 Tantalum metal sheets exposed to PEO for 1 minute; Group 3 Tantalum metal sheets exposed to PEO for 3 minutes; Group 4 Tantalum metal sheets exposed to PEO for 5 minutes. The results were very satisfactory regarding salt deposition and surface modification and similar to those already seen on Titanium after anodization.
A cada ano, cientistas e empresas biom?dicas trazem ao mercado novos materiais biocompat?veis para o uso em dispositivos prot?ticos para o corpo humano. Seguindo esse prop?sito, implantes dent?rios fabricados com uma liga de T?ntalo foram introduzidos no mercado em 2010 por uma empresa l?der em produtos ortop?dicos. Embora esse metal j? tenha sido utilizado sem muito sucesso tanto do ponto de vista experimental quanto clinico, na odontologia, a falta de uma resposta satisfat?ria foi devido ? pouca compreens?o de muitos fatores importantes envolvidos no fen?meno da Osseointegra??o. Do desenho do implante ao entendimento da biologia ?ssea, os anos de pesquisas mostraram que a sobreviv?ncia e o sucesso dos implantes dent?rios s?o muito mais do que uma liga met?lica possa representar. E j? que a histologia ?ssea tem mostrado que o T?ntalo tem uma boa resposta cicatricial, n?s decidimos submeter esse metal a um tratamento superficial similar ?queles normalmente utilizados nos implantes de Tit?nio. Usando especialmente um protocolo desenvolvido para anodiza??o PEO (Oxida??o por Plasma Eletrol?tico), n?s tentamos avaliar a produ??o de oxida??o superficial e deposi??o de sais sobre a superf?cie do metal e verificamos os resultados no MEV (Microsc?pio Eletr?nico de Varredura) e o EDS (Espectroscopia por Dispers?o de Energia Raio-X). Para a pesquisa, quatro grupos foram preparados: Grupo 1 L?minas de T?ntalo n?o tratadas; Grupo 2 L?minas de T?ntalo expostas ao PEO por 1 minuto; Grupo 3 - L?minas de T?ntalo expostas ao PEO por 3 minutos; Grupo 4 - L?minas de T?ntalo expostas ao PEO por 5 minutos. Os resultados foram muito satisfat?rios ao considerar a deposi??o de sais e modifica??o superficial, muito similar ?queles j? vistos no Tit?nio depois de exposto ao processo de anodiza??o.