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1
Arnold, Robert. "King Carol 11's Personal Fortune and it,s Influence on Romania,s Economic Negotiations with Germany 1937-1940". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503967.
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Tallec, Marston Kevin. "An international comparative history of youth football in France and the United States (C.1920-C.2000) : the age paradigm and the demarcation of the youth game as a separate sector of the sport". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9497.
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This thesis contends that the contemporary phenomenon of youth football is the fruit of a variety of historical developments over the twentieth century. The manner in which the junior game evolved as an independent subset of the sport in France and America was certainly exemplary of the idiosyncrasies of national sporting culture, football in particular, the general timeline of each country as well as the place of 'youth' in wider society. The present study aims to expand the understanding of the game of football, specifically the youth sector, through a transnational line of enquiry covering the period from circa 1920 to circa 2000. The thesis structure is broadly thematic and chronological. This comparative approach attempts to remain coherent across both countries with a goal of outlining the core issues and major shifts which occurred over the chosen period. Youth football underwent a process of demarcation from the adult or elite game but maintained and furthered specific mechanisms linking the two across sporting, educational, and professional bridges. With the decade of the 1970s serving as a turning point, the youth level achieved a sort of independence while being inextricably fused to the top level. The essence of the growing separation of the youth from the senior level rested on the fundamental notion of 'age' as opposed to 'ability'. The organisation of football around this concept of 'age', and the resulting limitation of participation, provided a basis for 'junior' football as a distinct entity by the last quarter of the twentieth century. Subsequent divisions extended the differences between age categories and created a full competitive youth spectrum for younger and younger players. The game was, as a result, 'juvenilized'. The registration of players and the competitions for which this registration was so important reflected the relevance of 'age'. Throughout this process, though in different ways and at different speeds in the two countries studied, the youth game was drawn away from its roots in the school and as a pillar of the world of education. After the initial interwar and post-war eras, youth football moved toward the worlds of the club and association. This specialisation of the game was also evident in the rules and the equipment, all of which were progressively adapted for a more pedagogically correct, and perhaps commercially oriented, fit. While the youth game separated from the adult footballing world through age classification, distinct competitive spaces, adapted rules and equipment, that expanding gulf was continually bridged in various ways in order to maintain, develop, and create new links between these two increasingly distinct sectors of the sport. The link with the elite and the professional levels was certainly not new, but from the 1970s onwards it was solidified over time and the relationship grew closer as education moved farther away or, at the least, took a back seat to 'professional training'. By the close of the twentieth century, this ultimately placed the youth game as distinct from the adult game. Yet, somewhat contradictorily, it was closer than ever to the elite professional domain. As subject to international, professional and commercial forces, the youth game was fused to elite football. These three forces pulled youth football away from their uniquely national idioms and towards a more globalized arena. Harmonizing the experience across national boundaries, a blend of educational, sporting and professional bridges ensured and furthered the connection between the youth and the adult elite player. From the late nineteenth century's amateur world view - where football and sport were idealized as a means for development of the human being or the vehicle for the transmission of elite social values - the effects of professionalization turned football into an end in itself as a legitimate career. From child's play to a real métier. By the end of the twentieth century, the youth game stood confidently with one foot in each world.
3
Gardini, Aldo <1992>. "Bayesian inference for quantiles and conditional means in log-normal models". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9349/1/Tesi_upload.pdf.
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The main topic of the thesis is the proper execution of a Bayesian inference if log-normality is assumed for data. In fact, it is known that a particular care is required in this context, since the most common prior distributions for the variance in log scale produce posteriors for the log-normal mean which do not have finite moments. Hence, classical summary measures of the posterior such as expectation and variance cannot be computed for these distributions.
The thesis is aimed at proposing solutions to carry out Bayesian inference inside a mathematically coherent framework, focusing on the estimation of two quantities: log-normal quantiles (first part of the thesis) and conditioned expectations under a general log-normal linear mixed model (second part of the thesis). Moreover, in the latter section, a further investigation on a unit-level small area models is presented, considering the problem of estimating the well-known log-transformed Battese, Harter and Fuller model in the hierarchical Bayes context.
Once the existence conditions for the moments of the target functionals posterior are proved, new strategies to specify prior distributions are suggested. Then, the frequentist properties of the deduced Bayes estimators and credible intervals are evaluated through accurate simulations studies: it resulted that the proposed methodologies improve the Bayesian estimates under naive prior settings and are satisfactorily competitive with the frequentist solutions available in the literature.
To conclude, applications of the developed inferential strategies are illustrated on real datasets.
The work is completed by the implementation of an R package named BayesLN which allows the users to easily carry out Bayesian inference for log-normal data.
4
Pereira, Rodrigo Gonçalves. "Dynamical correlations of S=1/2 quantum spin chains". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/939.
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Spin-1/2 chains demonstrate some of the striking effects of interactions and quantum fluctuations in one-dimensional systems. The XXZ model has been used to study the unusual properties of anisotropic spin chains in an external magnetic field. The zero temperature phase diagram for this model exhibits a critical or quasi-long-range-ordered phase which is a realization of a Luttinger liquid. While many static properties of spin-1/2 chains have been explained by combinations of analytical techniques such as bosonization and Bethe ansatz, the standard approach fails in the calculation of some time-dependent correlation functions. I present a study of the longitudinal dynamical structure factor for the XXZ model in the critical regime. I show that an approximation for the line shape of the dynamical structure factor in the limit of small momentum transfer can be obtained by going beyond the Luttinger model and treating irrelevant operators associated with band curvature effects. This approach is able to describe the width of the on-shell peak and the high-frequency tail at finite magnetic field. Integrability is shown to affect the low-energy effective model at zero field, with consequences for the line shape. The power-law singularities at the thresholds of the particle-hole continuum are investigated using an analogy with the X-ray edge problem. Using methods of Bethe ansatz and conformal field theory, I compute the exact exponents for the edge singularities of the dynamical structure factor. The same methods are used to study the long-time asymptotic behavior of the spin self-correlation function, which is shown to be dominated by a high-energy excitation.
5
Hazeyama, M., T. Kobayashi, N. Hayakawa, S. Honjo, T. Masuda i H. Okubo. "Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on [see also Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on], Volume 9, Issue 6, Dec. 2002 Page(s):939 - 944". IEEE, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6755.
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Venter, Jan Harm. "The law of retrenchment: s 189a facilitation - the impact of facilitation in large-scale retrenchments". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9149.
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Includes bibliographical references.Employers trapped in economic difficulties or facing tough business challenges often wave the wand of retrenchment in the hope that the problem will go away. This often leads to workers unexpectedly finding themselves unemployed and queuing at the unemployment offices. In 2002, legislative provisions were introduced into the statute dealing specifically with large-scale retrenchments,1 allowing the parties to appoint an external facilitator to facilitate the retrenchment process. Although this new retrenchment process for large scale retrenchments is reflected relatively clear in and simple in the statute, this dissertation will focus on large-scale retrenchment process and highlight the positive impact facilitation, as an option,2 has introduced.
7
ROMA, Ana Carolina. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos quânticos a complexos com íons lantanídeos". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9489.
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Previous issue date: 2009Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
Compostos com íons lantanídeos foram estudados, com métodos de química quântica, sob diferentes aspectos: i) inclusão dos orbitais 5s e 5p no modelo INDO/S e ii) propriedades estruturais e espectroscópicas aplicadas à luminescência e catálise. Na parte (i), modificou-se o programa ZINDO para incluir os orbitais 5s e 5p explicitamente no modelo INDO/S, uma vez que, em trabalho anterior, mostrou-se que o modelo original era inadequado para descrever as transições f-f, pois as energias apresentavam variações de até 3.000 cm 1 em função de pequenas modificações estruturais no complexo [Eu(H2O)8]3+, provavelmente, devido aos elétrons 5s2 e 5p6 terem sido parametrizados implicitamente no modelo e, portanto, não exercerem efeitos de blindagem sobre os elétrons 4f. Os resultados mostram que foi obtido um efeito expressivo de blindagem com a inclusão explícita dos elétrons 5s2 e 5p6, com variações menores que 500 cm 1 para o novo conjunto de parametrização. Estes resultados promissores levam à perspectiva de uma parametrização mais abrangente e generalização para a série completa dos lantanídeos. A parte (ii) tem quatro seções: 1) foi testada uma nova metodologia, utilizando métodos quânticos, para a obtenção das energias dos estados de transferência de carga ligante-metal (LMCT). Resultados semiquantitativos foram obtidos para os complexos criptatos [Eu (2.2.1)]3+ (2.2.1 = 4,7,13,16,21-penta-oxo-1,10-diazobiciclo[ 8.8.5]tricosano) e [Eu (2.2.2)]3+ (2.2.2 = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexa-oxo-1,10-diazobiciclo[ 8.8.8]hexacosano), bem como os complexos [Eu(H2O)n]3+ e [Eu(H2O)9-n(OH)m]3 m; 2) foram estudados, com métodos ab initio e INDO/S-CIS, complexos de Eu(III) com os ligantes o-fenantrolina e éter 12-coroa-4, e a possibilidade de coordenação dos contra-íons F , Cl , Br , − 4 ClO , − 3 NO e SCN ; além de H2O, pois observou-se experimentalmente mudanças espectrais em função do contra-íon utilizado. Os cálculos das estruturas moleculares e níveis de energia tripletos indicaram correlações com as variações espectrais observadas; 3) estudos similares de complexos de Eu(III) e Tb(III) com ligantes derivados da 2-hidroxi-isoftalamida (IAM) substituídos com: H, F, Cl, Br, OCH3, NO2, SO3H, OH e (C=O)NHCH3, foram realizados, contudo, não foi possível estabelecer correlações entre as energias dos estados excitados dos ligantes e os diferentes rendimentos quânticos observados experimentalmente e calculados; 4) a hidrólise do éster de fosfato 8-quinolil hidrogenofosfato mediada por íons Ln(III) foi estudada com métodos quânticos levando à determinação da origem da ação catalítica desses íons através da análise dos estados de transição
8
Martan, Ondřej. "Vývoj Slovenské ekonomiky v letech 1990 ? 2007 s přihlédnutím k vývoji na trhu práce". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9149.
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Diplomová práce zaměřená na shrnutí faktů o dosavadním makroekonomickém vývoji Slovenska. Přehledně zpracovaná práce charakterizujícící po kapitolách jednotlivé časové periody v uplynulých 15 letech vývoje slovenské ekonomiky. Celou prací se jako červená nit a zároveň vodítko prolíná pohled na vývoj trhu práce resp. nezaměstnanosti. Slovensko, jako jedna ze středoevropských, postkomunistických zemí měla asi největší problémy se zvládnutím v některých regionech až 30% nezaměstnanosti. V posledních letech se jí tento nepříjemný fakt daří velice úspěšně eliminovat a zároveň velice úspěšně startovat ekonomickou konjunkturu.
9
Clark, Mary. "Straight A's and Perfect 10's: The Effects of Perfectionism and Anxiety on Sleep Disturbances and Burnout in Gymnasts". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/945.
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A common reason why athletes retire from their sport is burnout. Athletic burnout often occurs when athletes are over-trained and do not get enough rest. The present study examines the question: why is it that some athletes are able to perform at a high level for many years while others fizzle out? The purpose of the proposed study is to investigate the effects of perfectionism and anxiety on sleep disturbances and athletic burnout in high school students. The proposed method will be a correlational within-participants design and participants will be high school-age female gymnasts. The gymnasts will complete measures of perfectionism surrounding academics and athletics, anxiety, and burnout. Additionally, the gymnasts’ parents will complete measures of perfectionism and their perceptions of their child’s burnout. Athletes will then be given a sleep tracker to wear each night for a week to measure the athlete’s sleep per night. It is predicted that academic perfectionism and amount of sleep will interact to result in higher burnout levels. Additionally, it is predicted that there will be an interaction between anxiety levels and amount of sleep resulting in higher levels of burnout. The proposed study could give more insight into the mental and physiological processes behind athletic burnout. The relationship between perfectionism, anxiety, sleep, and burnout is one that requires further research but may be useful information for coaches, parents, and athletes to prevent athletic burnout.
10
McRae, Shannon. "A dream of purely burning : myth, gender and modernism /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9479.
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Cuninghame, Patrick Gun. "Autonomia : a movement of refusal : social movements and social conflict in Italy in the 1970's". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6688/.
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This thesis examines the continuing significance in contemporary Italy of the Italian new social movement of 1973-83, Autonomia, by positing it as a movement of refusal: of capitalist work, of the party form, of the clandestine form of political violence, and of the politics of 'taking power'. It was in discontinuity with the value systems of the reformist Old Left and the revolutionary New Left, but in continuity with contemporary Italian antagonist and global anti-capitalist movements. In defining the research subject, the concept of individual and collective autonomy emerges as a central characteristic of the Italian new social movements. Autonomy is understood not only as independence from the capitalist State and economy and their institutions of mediation, but also as the self-determination of everyday life, related to the needs, desires and subjectivity of what Italian 'workerism' defined as the Fordist 'mass worker' and the post-Fordist 'socialised worker'. Using the 'class composition' theoretical perspective of Autonomist Marxism to critique classical Marxism, neo-Marxism and new social movement theory's minimalisation of the political content of new social movements and dismissive analysis of Autonomia, the scope of research was limited to the interpretation of 48 interviews of former participants and observers, of primary texts produced by Autonomia and of secondary accounts based on 'collective historical memory'. The thematic framework consists of chapters on workers' autonomy and the refusal of work; forms of political organisation and violence involving 'organised', 'diffused' and 'armed' Autonomia; and on the youth counter-cultures and antagonist communication of 'creative Autonomia' and the 1977 Movement. The thesis concludes that Autonomia expressed the violent social conflicts produced by the rapid transformation of an industrial into a post-industrial society, but ultimately was only a partial break from the traditions and practices of the Old and New Lefts, leaving an ambiguous legacy for contemporary Italian autonomous social movements.
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Parachaud, Kevin. "Les Galates en Méditerranée orientale (llle s. a.C.-lle s. p.C.)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0013.
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Au sens contemporain du terme, nous désignons par « Galates » les populations celtiques européennes s’étant installées de manière pérenne en Méditerranée orientale. Ce déplacement de population s’inscrit dans le contexte des expéditions militaires de 280-279 a.C. qui mènent trois armées celtes en Thrace, en Grèce et en Macédoine. Passés en Asie Mineure vers 278 a.C. dans le cadre d’une alliance militaire avec le roi de Bithynie, les Galates s’installent ensuite en Anatolie centrale où ils constituent une entité politique indépendante au cœur du monde hellénistique. Ils se maintiennent jusqu’en 25 a.C., moment où leur territoire est intégré à l’Empire et devient la province de Galatie.Nous proposons, à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire prenant en compte les données historiques et archéologiques, de réaliser une synthèse générale de l’histoire galate en Méditerranée orientale, non seulement en Anatolie mais également dans les autres espaces où leur présence est attestée par les sources, comme en Grèce et en Égypte. Afin de nous départir des visions façonnées par des approches exogènes, nous accordons un intérêt tout particulier aux données endogènes que sont notamment la langue et les productions matérielles. Ainsi, nous abordons le sujet d’un point de vue que nous souhaitons au plus près de celui des Galates, en nous émancipant au maximum des topoï projetés par les Grecs et les Romains.En outre, si les Galates constituent, à l’échelle du monde celtique, une entité périphérique, ils forment cependant la part la plus directement au contact du monde grec. Ainsi, le discours antique produit sur les Celtes en général puise-t-il en grande partie dans leurs contacts avec les Galates en Méditerranée orientale. Dès lors, proposer une synthèse générale et pluridisciplinaire sur l’histoire galate peut-elle permettre, également, de questionner le monde celtique depuis ses margesIn the contemporary sense of the term, we refer to 'Galatians' as European Celtic populations that established themselves permanently in the Eastern Mediterranean. This population movement is situated within the context of military expeditions of 280-279 BCE, which led three Celtic armies into Thrace, Greece, and Macedonia. Having crossed into Asia Minor around 278 BCE as part of a military alliance with the king of Bithynia, the Galatians subsequently settled in central Anatolia, where they formed an independent political entity at the heart of the Hellenistic world. They persisted until 25 BCE, when their territory was integrated into the Empire and became the province of Galatia.Through a multidisciplinary approach considering historical and archaeological data, we aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis of Galatian history in the Eastern Mediterranean, not only in Anatolia but also in other areas where their presence is documented by sources, such as Greece and Egypt. To distance ourselves from perspectives shaped by exogenous approaches, we give particular attention to endogenous data, including language and material productions. Thus, we approach the subject from a perspective that seeks to be as close as possible to that of the Galatians, emancipating ourselves as much as possible from the topoi projected by the Greeks and Romans.Moreover, while the Galatians constitute a peripheral entity within the Celtic world, they form the part most directly in contact with the Greek world. Consequently, the ancient discourse on Celts in general largely draws from their interactions with the Galatians in the Eastern Mediterranean. Therefore, proposing a comprehensive and multidisciplinary synthesis of Galatian history can also provide an opportunity to question the Celtic world from its margins
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Sayre, Daniel B. Jr. "Measurement of the 2.68-MeV Resonance Interference and R-Matrix Analysis of the 12C(α,γ0)16O Reaction". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1304620029.
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Grzybowski, Luciana Su?rez. "Parentalidade em tempo de mudan?as : desvelando o envolvimento parental ap?s o fim do casamento". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/945.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-25Observa-se que, dentre as diversas tarefas familiares p?s-div?rcio, provavelmente a mais complexa fique ao encargo dos pais. Estes, que acabaram de separar-se como casal, permanecem unidos pelos la?os parentais, compartilhando a tarefa comum de educar os filhos. Por?m, pergunta-se: como educar um filho em lares separados? O que facilita e o que dificulta este processo? Qual o envolvimento do pai e da m?e neste contexto? Como os pais combinam os procedimentos educativos (coparentalidade)? Diante disso, este trabalho buscou conhecer as pr?ticas educativas e o envolvimento parental que pais e m?es separados/divorciados desenvolvem na educa??o de seus filhos, bem como compreender como ocorre o exerc?cio da coparentalidade ap?s o advento do div?rcio. Para tanto, apoiando-se numa perspectiva ecol?gica-contextual, realizou um estudo com metodologia mista, atrav?s da aplica??o do Invent?rio de Pr?ticas Parentais IPP em 234 sujeitos (pais e m?es) e, posteriormente, da realiza??o de dois grupos focais (um com pais e outro com m?es). Os resultados do estudo quantitativo evidenciaram que h? uma diferen?a significativa entre o envolvimento parental de pais e m?es. As m?es demonstraram maior envolvimento que os pais em todas as ?reas investigadas (emocional, did?tico, social, disciplina, responsabilidade). Apesar do maior envolvimento materno, os pais evidenciaram um grande envolvimento social no espa?o p?blico e menores dificuldades com a disciplina favorecidas pela n?o-coabita??o com os filhos. A coabita??o materna e a freq??ncia das visitas paternas foram vari?veis que se destacaram na rela??o com o envolvimento parental, juntamente com a ocupa??o, a escolaridade, a rela??o com o ex-c?njuge, tipo de separa??o e o recasamento. J? os resultados do estudo qualitativo, apesar de tamb?m apontarem na dire??o da import?ncia da coabita??o para o envolvimento parental, evidenciaram a relev?ncia dos v?nculos afetivos pai-m?e-filho para o sucesso ou fracasso da coparentalidade. A indissociabilidade do subsistema parental e conjugal ficou evidente, bem como uma tend?ncia ? configura??o de um novo cen?rio p?s-div?rcio, no qual a m?e sente-se satisfeita com a guarda e o poder que esta lhe confere, enquanto o pai sente-se exclu?do desta realidade, evidenciando a??es e desejo de ser mais participativo.
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Cabras, Grazia <1990>. "Measurement of the ZH(H -> bb) associated production with Z l+l- in pp collisions at square root of s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Experiment". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9459/1/Tesi_GraziaCabras.pdf.
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The signal strength measurement of the pp$\rightarrow$VH(H \rightarrow bb) at a center of mass energy
of pp collision of 13 TeV is presented in this thesis. The data have been collected with the
ATLAS detector in 2015, 2016 and 2017 data taking corresponding to an integrated luminosity
of 79.8 fb-1. The analysis has been performed in three different channels distinguished
according to the number of charged leptons in the final state coming from the leptonical
decay of the associated vector boson. The measured signal strength, with respect to the
Standard Model expectation, is $\mu_VH(H$\rightarrow bb$)=1.08+0.27-0.31 (from the combination of three analysis
channels) with an observed significance with the background-only hypothesis, of 4.9$\sigma$, with respect to an expected value of 4.3.
The iteration of the analysis with the full Run2 statistics (139 fb-1) is also treated, with particular
attention to the main innovations introduced with respect to the previous analyisis.
A description of a phenomenological study of the total proton-proton cross section and
$\rho$-parameter (defined as the ratio of the real to imaginary part of the elastic scattering amplitude
in the forward direction) is also presented.
LUCID-2 is the reference detector for online and offline luminosity measurements for ATLAS.
It is described with particular attention to the PMT gain monitoring system where I
developed a code for the analysis of the calibration data.Il tema principale di questa tesi è la misura della \emph{signal strength} del canale di produzione associata dell'Higgs con un bosone vettore $pp \rightarrow VH(H\rightarrow b\bar{b})$, con l'Higgs che decade in due quark $b$, ad un'energia nel centro di massa di 13 TeV. I dati sono stati raccolti con l'esperimento ATLAS nel 2015, 2016 e 2017, per una luminosità integrata di 79.8 fb$^{-1}$. L'analisi è stata effettuata in tre diversi canali, distinti tra loro in base al numero di leptoni carichi nello stato finale, derivanti dal decadimento leptonico del bosone vettore associato. La \emph{signal strength} misurata dalla combinazione dei tre canali è $\mu_{VH(H\rightarrow b\bar{b})}$=1.08$^{+0.27}_{-0.31}$, con un significanza di 4.9$\sigma$, rispetto ad un valore atteso di 4.3. Viene trattata anche l'iterazione dell'analisi con l'intera statistica del Run2 di LHC (139 fb$^{-1}$), sottolineando i principali cambiamenti rispetto alla strategia precedentemente adottata.\\ E' fornita una descrizione del LUCID-2, il rivelatore di riferimento per le misure \emph{online} e \emph{offline} di luminosità, con particolare attenzione al sistema di monitoraggio del guadagno dei fotomoltiplicatori, per cui mi sono occupata dell'analisi dei dati di calibrazione raccolti. E' inoltre presentata una descrizione dei miei studi fenomenologici sull'evoluzione della sezione d'urto totale adronica e del parametro $\rho$ (definito come il rapporto tra la parte reale e immaginaria dell'ampiezza di scattering elastico nella direzione \emph{forward}).
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Danso, Faal Awa, i Sandra Larsson. "Storytelling as a marketing, leadership and communication tool. : A discussion and analysis of the need for stories in today´s organization". Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-9492.
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Kolb, Benjamin S. [Verfasser]. "Neuenglische Römer und texanische Spartiaten? : Zur Transformation antiker Erinnerungsorte in Kriegszeiten der USA (1713 - 2013) / Benjamin S. Kolb". Berlin : epubli, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221446568/34.
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Kosobudová, Lucie. "Analýza spokojenosti zákazníků se službami cestovní kanceláře". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9419.
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The diploma thesis underlines the necessity of the continual analysis of customers' satisfaction in the sphere of tourism services. The definition of the tourism services, the focus on the customer and the measurement method of his satisfaction are explained in the theoretical part of the diploma thesis. In the practical part, the satisfaction of the customers of the concrete travel agency is analyzed by the questionnaire.
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Brito, Lucinea de Araujo. "Avalia??o de Impactos Ambientais: Estudo de Caso das A??es da Petrobr?s em Virtude de Acidente de Dois Mil na Baia de Guanabara". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/940.
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Previous issue date: 2005-02-15Evaluation of the ambient impact are carried through studies to identify, to foresee and to interpret, as well as prevent the ambient consequences or effect that determined action, plans, programs or projects can cause the health, to human well-being. These studies add alternatives to the plans or projects, as knowledge instruments the service of the decision, and to provide to an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages in the applicability of the same ones. According to Bolea, ambient impact of a project "is the difference enters the situation of the half social ambient (natural or) future modified by the accomplishment of the project and the situation of the future environment such as it would have evolved without the project." The evaluation of ambient impact has origin, as systemize and institutionalized activity, with the National Environment Policy Act-Nepa, promulgated in 1969 in the United States of America. It was to from of the conference of Stocolmo in 1972, however, that it gradual passed to be incorporated by the power to scope process in others paises. Although the analysis of ambient impacts provoked by determined action human beings already existed, with differentiated degrees of requirements and, in some countries, these two landmarks introduce a new dimension in the treatment of the question. In this work, an excellent case of a great company known internationally is presented, successfully in evaluating and managing impact ambient, to serve of model to be followed by excessively. .
Avalia??o dos impactos ambientais s?o estudos realizados para identificar, prever e interpretar, assim como previnir as conseq??ncias ou efeitos ambientais que determinadas a??es, planos, programas ou projetos podem causar a sa?de, ao bem-estar humano. Esses estudos acrescentam alternativas aos planos ou projetos, como instrumentos de conhecimento a servi?o da decis?o, e proporcionar uma an?lise das vantagens e desvantagens na aplicabilidade dos mesmos. Segundo Bolea, impacto ambiental de um projeto ? a diferen?a entre a situa??o do meio ambiente (natural ou social) futuro modificado pela realiza??o do projeto e a situa??o do meio ambiente futuro tal como teria evolu?do sem o projeto .A avalia??o de impacto ambiental tem origem, como atividade sistematizada e institucionalizada, com o National Environmental Policy Act-Nepa, promulgado em 1969 nos Estados Unidos da Am?rica. Foi a partir da confer?ncia de Estocolmo em 1972, entretanto, que passou a ser gradativamente incorporada pelo processo decis?rio em outros paises. Embora a an?lise de impactos ambientais provocados por determinadas a??es humanas j? existisse, com graus diferenciados de exig?ncias e abrang?ncia, em alguns pa?ses, estes dois marcos introduzem uma nova dimens?o no tratamento da quest?o. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um caso relevante da Petrobr?s conhecida internacionalmente, com sucesso em avaliar e gerenciar impacto ambiental provenientes de acidentes relacionados ao meio ambiente, para servir de modelo a ser seguido pelas demais.
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Azzarri, Sandra. "Vision eller verklighet? : En studie om Lpo 94:s inverkan på skolan". Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-523.
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Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur lärare och rektorer uppfattar och påverkas av Lpo 94. Utifrån Lpo 94 identifierade jag två olika krav, vilka jag koncentrerade studien kring. Dessa var: kravet på en demokratisk undervisning och kravet på en individanpassad undervisning. Jag använde mig av en kvalitativ forskningsansats med intervju som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet visade att den förändring som Lpo 94 var tänkt att innebära för skolan och dess aktörer tycks ha uteblivit. Av intervjuerna framkom det att lärarna och rektorerna upplever att Lpo 94 inte tar hänsyn till den verklighet som lärarna arbetar i. I intervjuerna framkom försvårande faktorer för möjligheten att arbeta i enlighet med Lpo 94. Dessa faktorer var till exempel, ett stort antal elever som är i behov av särskilt stöd och ett för stort elevantal i klasserna, i kombination med att lärarna ålagts allt fler arbetsuppgifter. Resultatet visade på att det finns ett behov hos lärarna att få en minskad arbetsbörda. Av resultatet kunde jag se att lärarna behöver känna sig mer delaktiga i författningen av styrdokument och i den organisatoriska planeringen, för att en utveckling av verksamheten i skolan ska vara möjlig.
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Hébert-Leclerc, Claudie. "Étude de l'activité immunomodulatrice du peptide ß-LG f96-99 chez des souris saines". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23298.
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Des travaux antérieurs ont démontré que certains peptides contenus dans la 0- lactoglobuline stimulaient la sécrétion de cytokines pro- ou anti-inflammatoires chez des splénocytes murins, permettant ainsi d'envisager des applications potentielles de ces peptides pour la santé du système immunitaire. L'objectif du présent projet de recherche était d'évaluer l'effet de l'ingestion orale du peptide ß-LG f96-99 chez des souris saines sur la réponse immune. Les résultats ont montré que l'ingestion de ce peptide à des doses de 0,1 et 0,5 mg par jour pendant 7 jours permettait d'augmenter significativement les concentrations d'IgA dans les fèces. Une augmentation significative de la sécrétion d'IL-4 a aussi été mesurée dans les surnageants de culture des splénocytes isolés chez les souris ayant reçu une dose en peptide de 0,25 mg. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère donc que le peptide ß-LG f96-99 pourrait stimuler la réponse immune adaptative. Il serait donc intéressant d'évaluer l'effet de ce peptide dans des modèles animaux de maladies inflammatoires.
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Marín, Góngora Verónica Natalie. "Principales aspectos críticos en la aplicación del Decreto Supremo No. 943 al trabajo penitenciario en Chile". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150896.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)El trabajo penitenciario chileno, esto es, aquel que se desarrolla al interior de las cárceles de nuestro país, no ha sido objeto de un análisis jurídico sistemático y acabado. Pese a existir un reglamento que, en principio, debe normar los aspectos más relevantes de este, aún existe incertidumbre sobre el tipo de labores que son realizadas por los internos, en qué consisten y cuál es su calificación jurídica. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar específicamente tres modalidades de trabajo penitenciario o “actividades de formación”: mozos, artesanos y CET. Estas actividades serán estudiadas en conformidad a los criterios tradicionalmente usados para calificar una relación de tipo laboral: personalidad, voluntariedad, libertad, subordinación o dependencia y ajenidad. Una vez realizado esto, se concluirá si aquellas constituyen una relación de tipo laboral o si corresponde aplicar otro tipo. En atención a esto último se determinará el tratamiento jurídico que estas debieran tener, es decir, la normativa aplicable a estos casos.
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Marinho, Diane Marcy de Brito. "ATUAÇÃO DE MULHERES EM MINISTÉRIOS PASTORAIS: REALIDADE PRESENTE EM TEXTOS". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2004. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/919.
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Previous issue date: 2004-03-30In this research we investigated the women's protagonism in ministerial functions in biblical texts like Rm. 16,1-16 and we commented about challenges faced by women in Churches now a days, that disconsider their participation in the original Christian communities. We evidenced the need of a historical reconstruction of women in cleric positions, so today they can act in Churches with biblical back up. We identified in this investigation that women's ministerial functions stayed occult along the times because, a many times, the church did not make a critical reading of biblical texts, disregarding its androcentric and patriarchal language. To come to this conclusion, we divided this work in three chapters. In the first chapter, we presented a general vision of Apostle Paul's missionary work and we also approached social-economic aspects, Rome's politicians and religious people, trying to discover in what context of the first century the women were inserted. In the second chapter, we developed an exegesis of Rm. 16,1-16 through feminist hermeneutic to detect the ministerial functions carried out by women, with the intention of clarify the androcentric readings contrary to the full ministerial acting by women. In the third chapter, we made a historical-creative reconstruction, discussing on the influence now a days biblical texts cause in women's ministry when they are read outside their context.
Nesta pesquisa investigamos o protagonismo de mulheres em funções ministeriais em textos bíblicos como Rm 16,1-16 e comentamos a respeito de desafios enfrentados por mulheres hoje em Igrejas que desconsideram a sua participação nas comunidades cristãs originárias. Evidenciamos a necessidade de uma reconstrução da história de mulheres em cargos eclesiais, para que elas atuem hoje nas Igrejas como respaldo bíblico. Identificamos nesta investigação que, funções ministeriais de mulheres permaneceram ocultas ao longo dos tempos porque, muitas vezes, a igreja não fez uma leitura crítica de textos bíblicos, desconsiderando sua linguagem androcêntrica e patriarcal. Para chegarmos a essa conclusão, dividimos este trabalho em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, apresentamos uma visão geral do trabalho missionário do Apóstolo Paulo e abordamos também aspectos sócioeconômicos, políticos e religiosos de Roma, procurando averiguar em que contexto do primeiro século as mulheres estavam inseridas. No segundo, desenvolvemos uma exegese de Rm 16,1-16 por intermédio de hermenêutica feminista para detectarmos as funções ministeriais desempenhadas por mulheres, com o intuito de desmistificar as leituras androcêntricas contrárias ao pleno desempenho ministerial de mulheres. No terceiro capítulo, fizemos uma reconstrução histórico-criativa, discutindo sobre a influência que textos bíblicos causam no ministério de mulheres hoje quando lidos fora de seu contexto.
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Schaefer, Luiziana Souto. "Indicadores psicol?gicos e comportamentais na per?cia de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/909.
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-24The processes of investigation and production of evidence in cases of suspected sexual abuse are complex, given the frequent absence of eye witnesses and physical and biological signs, as well as the possibility of false allegations. Thus, a set of techniques and tools is required for assessing the child or adolescent with suspected sexual abuse, providing professionals with valid investigative resources for identifying abusive situations as well as their impact on the health of victims. The aim of this study was to assess psychological and behavioral indicators in forensic assessment of children with suspected sexual abuse. The thesis is divided into four studies, two theoretical and two empirical. Theoretical Study 1, entitled Forensic psychological examination in child and adolescent sexual abuse , reviewed the role of forensic psychological assessment in sexual molestation of children and adolescents. Theoretical Study 2, named Post-traumatic reactions in children: How, why and which aspects assess? , discussed the clinical assessment of posttraumatic reactions in children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events, including issues related to symptom manifestation, long-term consequences and availability of assessment instruments. Empirical Study 1 investigated the use of psychological and behavioral indicators in forensic assessment of children with suspected sexual abuse. Empirical Study 2 aimed to identify factors associated with the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms in child and adolescent victims of maltreatment. The set of theoretical and empirical studies indicate that (1) forensic psychological assessment should integrate different sources of information and indicators, for some of the latter may be contradictory or nonspecific; (2) the early assessment of posttraumatic reactions is key for detecting risk factors and indicating different interventions, serving as a source of secondary prevention; (3) assessment of sexual concerns should be included, among other indicators, in forensic procedures for children with suspected sexual abuse; and (4) investigation of posttraumatic cognitions should be included in assessment protocols of posttraumatic symptoms, even for children exposed to recurrent trauma, as is the case in sexual abuse and other situations of maltreatment. Therefore, the findings of this study comprehensively indicate the need for caution when considering the high individual variability in reactions associated with sexual abuse. Although there is no single symptom framework for characterizing victims, it is pertinent to assess physical, emotional and behavioral alterations triggered or aggravated by abusive events, as well as the child report and familiar and social contexts. Thus, utilizing multiple indicators and information sources may increment forensic evidence by adding conviction elements to accept or reject hypotheses, minimizing the occurrence of both false-positive and false-negative errors
A investiga??o e a produ??o de prova em casos de suspeita de abuso sexual s?o processos complexos, tanto pela frequente aus?ncia de testemunhas oculares, vest?gios f?sicos e biol?gicos, como pela possibilidade de falsas den?ncias. Assim, um conjunto de t?cnicas e instrumentos precisa ser empregado na avalia??o da crian?a ou do adolescente supostamente v?timas de abuso sexual, munindo os profissionais de recursos investigativos v?lidos para a identifica??o da situa??o abusiva, bem como o seu impacto na sa?de das v?timas. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar indicadores psicol?gicos e comportamentais na per?cia de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual. A tese de doutorado est? organizada em quatro estudos, sendo dois te?ricos e dois emp?ricos. O Estudo Te?rico 1 intitulado Per?cia psicol?gica no abuso sexual de crian?as e adolescentes revisou o papel da per?cia psicol?gica no abuso sexual infanto-juvenil. O Estudo Te?rico 2 denominado Rea??es p?s-traum?ticas em crian?as: Como, por que e quais aspectos avaliar? discutiu a avalia??o cl?nica das rea??es p?s-traum?ticas em crian?as e adolescentes expostos a situa??es traum?ticas, incluindo quest?es relacionadas ? manifesta??o dos sintomas, ?s consequ?ncias a longo prazo e aos instrumentos de avalia??o dispon?veis. O Estudo Emp?rico 1 avaliou indicadores psicol?gicos e comportamentais na per?cia de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual. O Estudo Emp?rico 2 identificou fatores associados com o desenvolvimento de sintomas de estresse p?s-traum?tico em crian?as e adolescentes v?timas de maus-tratos. O conjunto de estudos te?ricos e emp?ricos aponta para: (1) a avalia??o psicol?gica no contexto forense deve integrar diferentes fontes de informa??o e indicadores, j? que alguns destes s?o contradit?rios e inespec?ficos; (2) a avalia??o precoce das rea??es p?s-traum?ticas ? fundamental para a detec??o de fatores de risco e indica??o de diferentes interven??es, servindo como fonte de preven??o secund?ria; (3) a avalia??o da presen?a de preocupa??es sexuais deve ser inclu?da, entre outros indicadores, nos procedimentos periciais de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual; e (4) a investiga??o das cogni??es p?s-traum?ticas deve ser inclu?da nos protocolos de avalia??o de sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica, mesmo em crian?as expostas a traumas recorrentes, como ? o caso do abuso sexual e outras situa??es de maus-tratos. De uma forma global, os achados do presente estudo indicam a necessidade de cautela ao se considerar a elevada variabilidade individual nas rea??es associadas ao abuso sexual. Ainda que n?o haja um quadro sintomatol?gico ?nico que caracterize as v?timas, ? pertinente avaliar as altera??es f?sicas, emocionais e comportamentais desencadeadas ou agravadas pelos epis?dios de abuso, assim como o relato da crian?a e o seu contexto familiar e social. Portanto, o uso de m?ltiplos indicadores e fontes de informa??o pode incrementar a prova pericial, na medida em que adiciona elementos de convic??o para se aceitar ou rejeitar hip?teses, minimizando n?o apenas os casos falso-positivos, mas tamb?m os falso-negativos.
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Silva, Marcos Reinaldo da. "Biocatalytic processin obtaining products with high added value: chemoenzymatic synthesis of α-amino acids, derivates thiamphenicol and (S)-dapoxetina". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13920.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThe present work is divided into three chapters, in which we report the use of lipases to obtain precursors of α-amino acid, derivatives thiamphenicol and chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine. The first chapter refers to the use of the lipase from Rhyzomucor miehei, which by means of kinetic resolution of N-acetyl-α-amino esters was possible to obtain derivatives with high values of enantiomeric excesses. The second section aims at obtaining derivatives of thiamphenicol applying the lipase from Candida rugosa for the reaction of hydrolysis of the diacetate thiamphenicol, and Candida antarctica lipase B by acylation process. Finally, the third section reports the chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine in the enantiopure form by kinetic resolution process via transesterification reactions of 3-chloro-1-phenylpropan-1-ol, using lipase from Candida rugosa.
O presente trabalho encontra-se dividido em trÃs capÃtulos, na qual relatamos a utilizaÃÃo de lipases para obtenÃÃo de precursores de α-aminoÃcidos, derivados de tianfenicol e a sÃntese quimioenzimÃtica da (S)-dapoxetina. O primeiro capÃtulo refere-se à utilizaÃÃo da lipase a partir de Rhyzomucor miehei, que por meio de uma resoluÃÃo cinÃtica de N-acetil-α-aminoÃsteres foi possÃvel obter derivados com elevados valores de excessos enantiomÃricos. O segundo capÃtulo visa a obtenÃÃo de derivados do tianfenicol aplicando a lipase a partir da Candida rugosa para a reaÃÃo de hidrÃlise do diacetato de tianfenicol, e a lipase B obtida a partir de Candida antarctica por processo de acilaÃÃo. Por fim, o terceiro capÃtulo relata a sÃntese quimioenzimÃtica da (S)-dapoxetina de forma enantiopura por processo de resoluÃÃo cinÃtica via reaÃÃes de transesterificaÃÃo do 3-cloro-1-fenilpropan-1-ol, usando a lipase obtida a partir da Candida rugosa.
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Stubig, Silviana S. [Verfasser]. "Die Wirkung des Geschichtsunterrichts zu Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust auf die Identität von Jugendlichen / Silviana S. Stubig". Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067735461/34.
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Duhaut, Noëmie. "Ethan B. Katz, Lisa Moses Leff, Maud S. Mandel (eds.): Colonialism and the Jews". HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34576.
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Flores, Rodrigo Echeverria. "N?veis s?ricos de interleucina-12 e fator de necrose tumoral-α em diferentes apresenta??es cl?nicas de toxoplasmose". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1547.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-27A Toxoplasmose ? uma zoonose universal, transmitida tanto atrav?s de contamina??o oral, quanto de maneira cong?nita. O protozo?rio causador, Toxoplasma gondii, provoca no organismo uma forte resposta imune celular, padr?o Th1, que n?o resolve a infec??o mas que leva a maioria das pessoas a um est?gio cr?nico assintom?tico. Em algumas regi?es do sul do pa?s, h? uma elevada preval?ncia de les?es oculares, causadas por toxoplasmose, a maioria delas adquiridas. Nesse estudo determinou-se a variabilidade dos n?veis s?ricos de duas citocinas importantes na resposta imune ao Toxoplasma, a Interleucina 12 (IL-12) ) e o Fator de Necrose Tumoral-α (TNF-α). Foram analisados soros de 106 pacientes com diferentes apresenta??es cl?nicas da doen?a (les?o ocular cicatrizada, les?o ocular recidivante, doen?a recente e toxoplasmose cr?nica assintom?tica) e de 31 controles sadios, obtendo-se valores significativamente mais elevados de IL-12 nos indiv?duos que apresentavam les?es oculares cicatrizadas, quando comparados com todos os outros grupos de pacientes e controles (p<0,005). Os valores de TNF-α n?o apresentaram diferen?as entre os grupos. Os resultados apontam para a viabilidade de novos estudos, visando a uma poss?vel aplica??o da determina??o de IL-12 s?rica na pr?tica cl?nica, como teste progn?stico nos casos de toxoplasmose ocular.
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Medeiros, Amanda Lucena de. "Influ?ncia do m?todo de s?ntese e caracteriza??o de p?s comp?sitos de NiO- Ce1-xEuxO2-δ para anodos catal?ticos de c?lulas a combust?vel". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12795.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-06Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electricity. Due to the development of new materials, fuel cells are emerging as generating clean energy generator. Among the types of fuel cells, categorized according to the electrode type, the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) stand out due to be the only device entirely made of solid particles. Beyond that, their operation temperature is relatively high (between 500 and 1000 ?C), allowing them to operate with high efficiency. Another aspect that promotes the use of SOFC over other cells is their ability to operate with different fuels. The CeO2 based materials doped with rare earth (TR+3) may be used as alternatives to traditional NiO-YSZ anodes as they have higher ionic conductivity and smaller ohmic losses compared to YSZ, and can operate at lower temperatures (500-800?C). In the composition of the anode, the concentration of NiO, acting as a catalyst in YSZ provides high electrical conductivity and high electrochemical activity of reactions, providing internal reform in the cell. In this work compounds of NiO - Ce1-xEuxO2-δ (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were synthesized from polymeric precursor, Pechini, method of combustion and also by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized by the techniques of TG, TPR, XRD and FEG-SEM. The refinement of data obtained by X-ray diffraction showed that all powders of NiO - Cex-1EuxO2-δ crystallized in a cubic phase with fluorite structure, and also the presence of Ni. Through the characterizations can be proved that all routes of preparation used were effective for producing ceramics with characteristics suitable for application as SOFC anodes, but the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method showed a significant reduction in the average grain size and improved control of the compositions of the phases
C?lulas a combust?vel s?o dispositivos eletroqu?micos que convertem a energia qu?mica em el?trica. Em virtude do desenvolvimento de novos materiais, as c?lulas a combust?vel v?m se destacando como promissores na gera??o de energia de forma limpa. Dentre os tipos de c?lulas a combust?vel, classificadas de acordo com o tipo de eletr?lito, destacam-se as de ?xido s?lido (SOFC), por serem as ?nicas inteiramente constitu?das por s?lidos. Al?m disso, pela sua temperatura de opera??o ser relativamente elevada (entre 500 e 1000 ?C), estas c?lulas operam com alta efici?ncia. Outro aspecto que favorece o emprego de SOFC ? a sua habilidade de operar com diferentes combust?veis, como fontes de hidrog?nio.Os materiais a base de CeO2 dopados com terras raras (TR+3) podem ser utilizados como alternativas aos tradicionais anodos de NiO-YSZ. Al?m de maior condutividade i?nica maior e menores perdas ?hmicas, elas podem operar a temperaturas mais baixas (500- 800?C). Na composi??o do anodo, a concentra??o de NiO, atuando como catalisador confere alta condutividade el?trica e alta atividade eletroqu?mica das rea??es, proporcionando a reforma interna do combust?vel na c?lula. Neste trabalho compostos de NiO - Ce1-xEuxO2-δ (x = 0,1; 0,2 e 0,3), foram sintetizados a partir do m?todo dos precursores polim?ricos, Pechini, do m?todo de combust?o e, tamb?m, pelo m?todo hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados atrav?s das t?cnicas de TG, DRX, TPR e MEV-FEG. O refinamento dos dados obtidos pela difra??o de raios X indicou que todos os p?s de NiO - Ce1- xEuxO2-δ cristalizaram-se em uma fase c?bica com estrutura fluorita, e tamb?m a presen?a de NiO. Todas as rotas de prepara??o utilizadas mostraram-se eficientes para a produ??o de p?s com caracter?sticas adequadas para aplica??o como anodos de SOFC, por?m o m?todo hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas apresentou significativa redu??o do tamanho m?dio de gr?os e melhor controle das composi??es das fases
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Fredriksson, Therese, i Maja Ekberg. "Läroplan i förändring : en kvalitativ studie angående lärares inställning till Gy 11’s ämnesplaner och kunskapskrav, i relation till Lpf 94's kursplaner och betygskriterier". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-11159.
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År 2011 infördes en ny läroplan för gymnasieskolan; Gy 11. Detta arbete fokuserar på att ta reda på vad Gy 11 faktiskt innebär för lärare och deras arbete i skolan idag. Både lärarstuderande och verksamma lärare tycks uppleva svårigheter med att till fullo implementera Gy 11 i lärandesituationer. I denna studie jämförs Lpf 94 med Gy 11. Studiens syfte är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för den nya läroplanen. För att uppnå detta mål har en kvalitativ undersökning gjorts i form av personliga intervjuer med gymnasielärare. Respondenterna är lärare i södra Sverige med erfarenhet av både Lpf 94 och Gy 11. En diskussion förs kring de positiva och negativa följderna av ett läroplansskifte. Resultatet pekar på att respondenterna uppfattar att införandet av nya läroplanen har varit jäktat, vilket har bidragit till en osäkerhet kring hur undervisning och bedömning ska utföras. Majoriteten av de tillfrågade lärarna anser därför att införandet av Gy 11 har påverkat deras yrkesroll negativt.
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Amaral, Mônica Franco Zannini Junqueira. "Funcionalização de 2-(S)-isopropil-pirimidinonas através de reações de Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira e cicloadição azida-acetileno: síntese de derivados triazólicos e precursores de β-aminoácidos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-26012011-160334/.
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Nesta monografia foram desenvolvidas metodologias sintéticas para a funcionalização das 2-(S)-isopropil-5-iodo-pirimidinonas, utilizando a reação de acoplamento cruzado de Suzuki-Miyaura e a reação de cicloadição azida-acetileno com cobre, através de estratégias simples e eficientes que permitiram a preparação de uma série de compostos com grande diversidade estrutural. Inicialmente descreve-se a síntese da 2-(S)-isopropil-5-iodo-pirimidinona (S)- 3, a partir da (S)-asparagina enantiomericamente pura 1, um aminoácido barato e de fácil acesso, produzindo na primeira etapa o 2-(S)-isopropil-peridropirimidinona-6- ácido carboxílico (2S,6S)-2, que reagindo com diacetoxiiodo benzeno/iodo e BF3.OEt2, gera a pirimidinona (S)-3. Em seguida, preparou-se uma série de 2-(S)-isopropil-5-aril-pirimidinonas (S)- 6a-q e 2-(S)-isopropil-5-alquinil-pirimidinonas (S)-7a-q, através da reação de acoplamento cruzado de Suzuki-Miyaura, sob catálise de paládio, utilizando aril- (4aq) e alquiniltrifluoroboratos de potássio (5a-q), respectivamente. Desta forma sintetizou-se uma variedade de pirimidinonas com alterações programadas de substituintes na posição 5 do anel, com rendimentos de 15% a 95%. Ainda a fim de obter algumas pirimidinonas com substituintes acetilênicos alquílicos 9a-f, utilizou-se a metodologia de acoplamento de Sonogashira. Em todos os casos obtiveram-se bons rendimentos. Dando sequência ao projeto, sintetizou-se as 2-(S)-isopropil-pirimidinonas funcionalizadas na posição C5 com anéis triazólicos substituídos na posição N1 (S)- 11a-k, através da reação de cicloadição azida-acetileno utilizando CuI como fonte de cobre e ondas ultra-sônicas como fonte de energia. Preparou-se diversos compostos, todos com rendimentos variando de 79% a 87% em 5 minutos de reação. Por último, através da redução da dupla ligação endocíclica dos compostos (S)-6a, 6b, 6g, 6l e 6n e posterior hidrólise utilizando radiação microondas proporcionou a obtenção de α-aril β-aminoácidos altamente enantioenriquecidos.This monograph shows the development of a synthetic methodology for the functionalization of 2-(S)-isopropyl-5-iodo-pyrimidinones using either Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions or cycloaddition reactions of azide-acetylenes with copper, through a simple and efficient pathway enabling the preparation of a series of structurally diverse compounds. This paper begins by describing the synthesis of 2-(S)-isopropyl-5-iodopyrimidinones (S)-3, from enantiomerically pure (S)-asparagine 1. This inexpensive and readily available amino acid forms 2-(S)-isopropyl-perhidropyrimidinone-6- carboxylic acid (2S, 6S)-2, which is reacted with DIB / iodine and BF3·OEt2 to form pyrimidinone (S)-3. Using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, a series of 2-(S)-isopropyl-5-arylpyrimidinones (S)-6a-q and 2-(S)-isopropyl-5- alkynylpyrimidinones (S)-7a-q were prepared using potassium aryl- (4a-q) and alkynyltrifluoroborates (5a-q), respectively. With this reaction, a variety of pyrimidinones with different substituents at position 5 of the ring were synthesized, with yields ranging from 15% to 95%. The Sonogashira coupling reaction was used to prepare pyrimidinones with alkyl acetylenic substituents (S)-9a-f, giving good yields in all cases. 2-(S)-Isopropylpyrimidinones were then functionalized in the C5 position with N1 (S)-11a-k substituted triazole rings. These functionalizations were performed by the cycloaddition of azide-acetylenes using CuI and ultrasonic waves, which provided enough energy to reduce the reaction time to only five minutes. Several different variations of this compound were prepared, all with yields between 78% and 87%. Finally, the endocyclic double bonds in compounds (S)-6a, 6b, 6g, 6l and 6n were reduced, followed by a hydrolysis using microwave radiation to afford the highly enantioenriched α-aryl β-amino acids.
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Martine, Tristan. "Ancrage spatial et polarisation des pouvoirs de l’aristocratie laïque en Lotharingie méridionale (fin IXe – mil. XIe s.)". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0072.
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De la fin du IXe au milieu du XIe siècle, la Lotharingie, ancien cœur de l’empire carolingien, devint une marge du royaume de Francie occidentale, d’abord, puis de Francie orientale, ensuite, sans que ne se développe pour autant une identité lotharingienne. Cette recherche, qui porte sur la Lotharingie méridionale, s’intéresse tout d’abord aux structures de parenté aristocratiques, qui demeurent résolument horizontales et cognatiques. L’interrogation principale porte ensuite sur l’évolution du rapport des aristocrates à leurs espaces de domination. Ce travail montre que l’exercice de la potestas des comtes se fit, jusqu’à la réforme grégorienne, selon des logiques davantage sociales que spatiales : pagus et comitatus ne furent pas des circonscriptions territorialisées. Le territoire ne constituait pas le pouvoir comtal : il en découlait. À l’inverse, les seigneurs furent les premiers à s’ancrer spatialement en fondant des centres castraux dont ils adoptèrent le nom comme cognomen toponymique. Pour ce faire, cette thèse étudie dans le détail les fonctions, la morphologie et la chronologie de l’apparition des différents centres, aussi bien ecclésiastiques que laïques, en s’interrogeant également sur l’existence de « modèles spatiaux ». Une double approche textuelle et archéologique permet de déconstruire l’image d’aristocrates prédateurs et de montrer que si les abbayes et les sièges épiscopaux furent, pour les laïcs, l’objet d’enjeux nombreux, ceux-ci n’étaient pas d’ordre territorial. Elle amène également à reconsidérer l’aimantation castrale, en se détachant notamment d’une compréhension légaliste de ce phénomène et en analysant la coexistence de fortifications d’architectures très différentes. La multipolarisation de l’aristocratie lotharingienne ne peut se comprendre qu’en considérant pleinement les différents acteurs politiques – notamment les évêques –, afin de saisir les rapports de force changeants et la « coopétition » permanente entre ces différentes parties qui expliquent le rythme de cet ancrage spatial à tâtons. Celui-ci est à la fois différent de ce que l’on rencontre en Francie occidentale et en Francie orientale, confirmant le statut singulier de cet espace de l’entre-deuxFrom the end of the ninth to the middle of the eleventh century, the Southern part of Lotharingia – the former heart of the Carolingian empire – first became a periphery of the West Frankish kingdom, and then a march of Eastern Francia. However, that does not mean that a Lotharingian identity emerged. To start with, our research indicates that aristocratic kinship patterns remained definitely horizontal and cognatic. The main research problem focuses on the aristocrats’ relations to their spaces of power, and their evolutions. This work shows that, until the Gregorian reform, counts performed their potestas according to a logic which was more social than spatial: pagus and comitatus were not territorialized divisions. Territory was not the core of the counts’ power: it was a consequence of it. Even so, lords were the first to found fortified places thus establishing manifestations of spatial power by assuming the castles’ names as a toponymic cognomen. This dissertation examines the functions, morphologies and chronologies of the emergence of such centers, either ecclesiastical or secular. It also raises questions about the existence of « spatial models ». Evidence from texts and archaeology allows us to deconstruct the image of predatory aristocrats. It also proves that although nobles competed for abbeys and episcopal sees, this rivalry was not territorial; our findings have also brought us to reconsider the growing function of castles by moving away from a legalistic approach to the process of polarization and rather analyzing the coexistence of the quite different fortification styles. One can understand the multipolarization of Lotharingian aristocracy only by fully taking into account the different political protagonists – especially bishops – in order to better grasp the changing power balances and constant « coopetition » between different parties. Those dynamics can explain the uncertain pace of the manifestation of spatial power, the modalities of which were different from both West and East Francia and thus confirm the unique status of this in-between space
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Kichev, Anton Vladimirov. "Implication of pro-NGF in the neurodegeneration: characterization of the underlying physiological mechanisms in Alzheimer´s Disease". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8094.
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El presente trabajo está centrado en la posible relación entre la formprecursora del Factor de Crecimiento de Neuronas (pro-NGF) y la muerte
celular inducida durante el patogénesis de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
Hemos estudiado el efecto fisiológico de pro-NGF aislado de cerebro
humano, utilizando diversos modelos celulares expresores de p75NTR. En
presencia de pro-NGF aislado de cerebro afectado por EA (hbi-pro-NGF) se
observa una fuerte inducción de apoptosis. El pro-NGF aislado de cerebros
humanos control no es capaz de inducir muerte celular en los modelos
estudiados.
P75 NTR esta descrito como receptor especifico para pro-NGF.
Hemos observado niveles aumentados de su producto de procesamiento p75
ICD en tejido de cerebro afectado de EA.
En los modelos celulares estudiados, la inducción de apoptosis es
posterior al procesamiento de p75NTR con liberación de su dominio intracelular
(ICD). La liberación de p75NTR ICD depende de γ-Secretasa. La actividad de
γ-Secretasa es imprescindible para la inducción de apoptosis. El fragmento ICD
liberado se transloca hacia el núcleo. Hbi-pro-NGF aislado de cerebro control
no es capaz de inducir procesamiento de p75NTR, ni translocación de su ICD.
Los niveles de modificaciones post-tranductionales no enzimáticos de
pro-NGF en hippocampo y en cortex entorhinal, se muestran aumentados en
los cerebros humanos afectados por EA.
Pro-NGF modificado in vitro por glyoxal y methylglyoxal demuestra una
aumentada resistencia al procesamiento por furina y por consíguente una
capacidad más elevada de inducir muerte celular por p75NTR. Ratones
inyectados en ventrículo cerebral con este pro-NGF modificado presentan
dificultades significativas en procesos de aprendizaje comparados con los
ratones inyectados con pro-NGF no modificado y con ratones inyectados con
BSA modificado de misma manera.
Los resultados descritos hasta ahora abren una posible vía de
interpretación de los efectos de pro-NGF en cerebro humano durante desarrollo
de EA pudiendo ser causantes de neurodegeneración a través de una via
dependiente de γ-Secretasa y activación de p75NTR.
The aim of the present work is to investigate a possible relationship
between the pro-form of the Neurotrophic Growth Factor (pro-NGF) and the cell
death induced during pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease (AD).
We studied the physiological effect of pro-NGF isolated from human
brain (hbi-pro-NGF) in different cell models that express p75NTR. We show that
hbi-pro-NGF is a potent pro-apoptotic agent. Interestingly, the hbi-pro-NGF
isolated from control human brain was shown to be unable to induce cell death
in the used models.
The specific receptor of pro-NGF was described to be p75NTR. We
describe that higher amounts of its processing products - p75NTR ICD, are
observed in brain tissue affected from AD.
In the cellular models that we used, the induction of apoptosis was
preceded by processing of p75NTR with liberation of its ICD. p75NTR
processing is γ-Secretase dependent. The induction of pro-apoptotic effect was
shown to be entirely dependent of γ-Secretase activity. Released p75NTR ICD
is shown to be translocated to nuclei. Hbi-pro-NGF isolated from control brain is
not able to induce processing of p75NTR neither translocation of its ICD.
The levels of non enzymatic post-translational modifications of pro-NGF
in the hippocampus and enthorinal cortex increase in AD affected brains. This
can explain the greater stability and elevated physiological activity of pro-NGF
isolated from human brains affected with AD.
The in vitro modified pro-NGF by glyoxal and methylglyoxal shows
greater resistance against the furine cleavage and consequently greater ability
to induce cell death trough p75NTR. Mice intracerebroventricularly injected with
this modified rh-pro-NGF present significant learning difficulties compared with
controls intracerebroventricularly injected with non modified pro-NGF and even
greater differences compared with modified BSA.
The results that we describe suggest the possibility that highest levels of
non enzymatic modifications of pro-NGF in human brain during the progress of
AD could lead to neuron loss by a γ-Secretase dependent activation of
p75NTR.
34
Bergendal, Erik. "En läroplan för själen? : En studie av de svenska Waldorfskolornas läroplan och utbildningsfilosofi, i jämförelse med den nationella läroplanen, Lpo 94". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9416.
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The aim of this essay is, firstly, to – through a text analysis – compare the curriculum of Waldorf education in Sweden (in the essay referred to as “WL”) to the Swedish national curriculum “Lpo 94”, to uncover possible differences and similarities between these documents, and, secondly, to present the roots and educational philosophies that these two curricula, respectively, are based upon. The purpose hereby is to be able to trace, describe and explain the differences between the pedagogical practices of Waldorf education and that of conventional Swedish schools. In the essay, a historical investigation of the main traditions of ideas behind the Swedish national curriculum is briefly carried out, where I swiftly present the educational philosophies of John Dewey (1859-1952) and Lev S. Vygotsky (1896-1934). Next, an investigation of the worldview and philosophy of Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) is effectuated, where I attempt to bring to light Steiner’s anthroposophical and holistic worldview – a worldview that throughout the 20th century has developed into an international and wide-ranging anthroposophical movement – as well as his concepts of knowledge, science and educational philosophy. It is made clear that Steiner’s texts and lectures are continuously centred on a holistic outlook on mankind and nature, as well as the spiritual development of humankind and deeper development of the mind. Even though the text analysis of the two curricula shows several similarities between the curriculum of Waldorf education and the national one – in particular regarding in what way the text is structured, as well as in what way the basic (democratic) values are expressed – the analysis also displays a wide range of differences. The curriculum of the Waldorf education displays a closer relation to Steiner’s holistic worldview and educational ideas than does Lpo 94 to the educational ideas of Dewey and Vygotsky, and it focuses more on the importance of the child’s playing activities, creativity and art compared to conventional schools, even though these perspectives do exist here as well. It is argued that, above all, it is the outlook on mankind behind the curriculum that shapes the educational system and the practices within it. The outlook on mankind of Steiner and the Waldorf curriculum focuses on the importance of the pupil’s spiritual development, something that is seldom – if ever – considered in the conventional school. This seems to have an impact on the Waldorf schools in the sense that the pupil is less likely to share materialistic values, and, instead, to have a better understanding of civic and democratic values as a whole. Thus, the curriculum of Waldorf education can – in a much higher degree than the national one, Lpo 94 – be viewed as a “curriculum for the soul”, i.e. to be a curriculum that focuses on the pupil’s spiritual development. Curriculum, Waldorf education, Lpo 94, Rudolf Steiner, educationalphilosophy, anthroposophy, John Dewey, Lev S. Vygotsky
35
Neděla, Jiří. "CFD simulace vírové struktury v sací troubě Francisovy turbíny (Francis-99) při pod-optimálním provozu - srovnání s měřením". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399568.
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This master's thesis deals with simulation of vortex structure which is created in the draft tube of Francis turbine, at part load flow conditions. The main objective is to get the most accurate results from the calculations, using the student license of Ansys Fluent 19.1. The results from the calculations are compared with the experiment under the Francis-99 project. Mainlly in terms of dynamic properties of vortex rope – aplitude and frequency of pressure pulsations. Additionaly the time-averaged velocity profiles are compared. I used the test-case provided by NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology under the Francis-99 workshop series.
36
Tous, Mata Meritxell. "De la Gran Nicoya precolombina a la provincia de Nicaragua, s. XV y XVI". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/701.
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La subárea arqueológico-cultural de Gran Nicoya (G.N.) abarca el Oeste de Nicaragua -hallándose el límite norte en el Golfo de Fonseca y una pequeña porción de Departamento de Estelí-, incluyendo y rodeando el eje volcánico, y las orillas de los lagos de Nicaragua y Managua, marcando el límite oriental las montañas centrales de Nicaragua. El extremo sur comprende la cuasi totalidad de la Provincia de Guanacaste -planicie y zona costera-, en Costa Rica, hasta la cordillera volcánica oriental (Guanacaste). Este estudio tiene como objetivo fundamental la búsqueda y análisis de los vínculos culturales entre la Gran Nicoya precolombina y su transformación en Provincia de Nicaragua (P.N.) tras la Conquista europea. Dicho objetivo se alcanza a través de una aproximación etnohistórica, a partir de un enfoque multidisciplinar. El punto de partida de esta tesis lo constituye el estudio de los objetos cerámicos y líticos depositados en el Museu Etnològic de Barcelona para, a continuación, proceder al análisis histórico a partir de documentos inéditos (Archivo General de Indias en Sevilla y Biblioteca del Palacio Real en Madrid) y de documentación colonial editada. Esta tesis se divide en dos grandes bloques. El primero de ellos centra su estudio en los diferentes grupos etnolingüísticos que ocupaban la G.N. en vísperas de la Conquista. Analizando para ello su origen, organización sociopolítica y económica, estructura territorial, así como el sistema de creencias. El segundo bloque aborda los orígenes, estructura territorial, sociopolítica y religiosa de la P.N., discutiendo las transformaciones que sufrieron los pueblos de la G.N. tras la Conquista y primeros años de la Colonia, destacando el elevado descenso demográfico. Igualmente, se discuten y detallan aquellos aspectos culturales originarios que pervivieron gracias a diferentes mecanismos. Se concluye que durante el siglo XVI, se mantuvieron las bases fundamentales de la estructura territorial, sociopolítica y económica de la G.N., mientras que otros aspectos como el sistema de parentesco y de creencias, fueron erradicados, aunque estos últimos pervivieron de forma parcial camuflándose en la nueva religión.
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Moraes, Cleber Jos? Al? de. "Tornando-se pai: narrativas de casais gr?vidos sobre a transi??o para a paternidade". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/948.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The notions of paternity and maternity undergo sharp transformations in contemporary society. The transition to fatherhood reveals itself as a period of significant changes in man, which alter his perception of himself and the world in a profound way. This paper investigates the experience of transition to fatherhood in first time fathers. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with each of the six couples participating in this study, in three different moments: at the end of pregnancy, in the first month after childbirth and at six months of the baby's life. In the first interview, the Interactive Narrative was used as a dialogical resource, which consists of a fictitious story, previously developed by the researcher, which presents the subject to be investigated, but which is interrupted at some point in the plot, allowing participants to finalize the story as they wish. The interview records were made by the researcher after the end of each one, and later transformed into transferential narratives. The material produced on the transition to fatherhood was discussed in the light of psychoanalytic thinking and contemporary authors with scientific production on this subject, and the argument arises that parental care can be exercised by both men and women, who are available in a healthy way to an active adaptation to the baby's needs. As the final product of the reflexive process, it presents the proposal to extend the Winnicottian concept of primary maternal concern to primary parental concern.
As no??es de paternidade e maternidade passam por transforma??es acentuadas na sociedade contempor?nea. A transi??o para a paternidade se revela como um per?odo de expressivas mudan?as no homem, que alteram sua percep??o de si mesmo e do mundo de maneira profunda. Este trabalho investiga a experi?ncia de transi??o para a paternidade em homens que se tornam pais pela primeira vez. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a cada um dos seis casais participantes desta pesquisa, em tr?s momentos distintos: ao final da gravidez, no primeiro m?s ap?s o parto e aos seis meses de vida do beb?. Na primeira entrevista, utilizou-se como recurso dial?gico a Narrativa Interativa, que consiste em uma hist?ria fict?cia, desenvolvida previamente pelo pesquisador, que apresenta o tema a ser investigado, mas que se interrompe em algum momento da trama, permitindo que os participantes finalizem a hist?ria como desejarem. Os registros das entrevistas foram realizados pelo pesquisador ap?s o t?rmino de cada uma delas, e posteriormente transformados em narrativas transferenciais. O material produzido sobre a transi??o para a paternidade foi discutido ? luz do pensamento psicanal?tico e de autores contempor?neos com produ??o cient?fica nesta tem?tica, emergindo o argumento de que o cuidado parental pode ser exercido tanto por homens quanto por mulheres, que se disponham de maneira saud?vel a uma adapta??o ativa ?s necessidades do beb?. Como produto final do processo reflexivo, apresenta a proposta da amplia??o do conceito winnicottiano de preocupa??o materna prim?ria para preocupa??o parental prim?ria.
38
Etchechury, Barrera Mario. "Hijos de Mercurio, esclavos de Marte : mercaderes y servidores del estado en una frontera sud-atlántica : Montevideo, 1806-1860". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129740.
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El siguiente estudio aborda el proceso de construcción social de la Hacienda pública en
la ciudad-puerto de Montevideo, entre 1806 y 1860. A partir de un conjunto variado de
fuentes públicas y privadas se analizarán las instancias de negociación de un pacto
fiscal mediante el cual las administraciones estatales y los sectores mercantilestancieros
buscaron gestionar los recursos y establecer un equilibrio entre las
necesidades del erario y los negocios particulares. En esa dirección se examinará el
modo en que el contexto de guerra permanente propició el retorno o reforzamiento de
prácticas fiscales de Antiguo Régimen que potenciaron el papel de los mercaderes en
diversos aspectos vinculados a la circulación monetaria, el crédito interno, el arriendo
impositivo y la deuda externa, considerados como otros tantos puntos de encuentro
entre el Estado en formación y los grupos económicamente dominantes.The following study addresses the process of social construction of public finances in Montevideo, between 1806 and 1860. Based on diverse public and private sources will be analyzed the main stages of negotiating of a fiscal constitution whereby state administration and commercial sectors attempted to manage resources and establish consensus and balances of power among the needs of the treasury and private business. In this perspective will be explored how the context of permanent war led to the return or strengthening of Ancien Regime practices that boosted the role of merchants in various aspects related to the currency circulation, domestic borrowing, tax-farming and external debt, considered as points of contact between the state building process and economically dominant groups.
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Passola, i. Tejedor Antoni. "Oligarquía, municipio y corona en la Lleida de los Austrias". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8196.
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La present investigació deu el seu origen a l'interès per comprendre millor la configuració i funcionament de les societats humanes. Aquesta curiositat intel·lectual és la que ens ha guiat i la que ha permès superar cada un dels obstacles que hem trobat en aquest llarg camí recorregut. Volíem aportar el nostre òbol al coneixement de la naturalesa humana en societat i aspiràvem que el nostre treball fora socialment útil, convençuts que aquesta era l'única raó per la que valia la pena els esforços que aquesta investigació ha representat.Per a això hem partit del bagatge i la preparació adquirida com historiadors i intentant aportar un enfocament més als múltiples possibles que amb aquest mateix propòsit poden sortir de l'univers de les ciències socials. Com historiadors, el nostre laboratori és el passat i, com historiadors socials que vam aspirar a ésser, el nostre primordial interès és l'estudi de l'ésser humà immers en el seu grup social, encardinat en una determinada estructura social, econòmica i cultural de la que és protagonista al mateix temps que subjecto condicionat. Així, individu i grup, per un costat, i grup i context social, per un altre, són el reflex de mútues interrelacions que la història social deu tenir com objectiu prioritari. I en aquest joc d'interaccions ens sembla evident que els grups governants deuen ser estudiats amb deteniment i una certa preferència.
Hi ha diverses raons per a la nostra opció investigadora entorn de les elits de poder com punt d'interès prioritari. D'una banda, per la seva majoritària pertinença als grups dominants que, fet i fet, resulten més explicatius que altres sectors socials. Són ells els que implanten i sostenen el sistema polític-econòmic que en bona part articula l'estructura social. Són ells els que en certa mesura organitzen i dirigeixen la vida dels altres, i fins i tot els que transmeten patrons culturals i ideològics que es converteixen en hegemònics. Són ells punt de referència per als altres grups socials. Les més de les vegades envejats, moltes d'elles imitats i en algunes ocasions injuriats i convertits en objecte de les ires. En cap cas passen desapercebuts. En cap cas provoquen indiferència. En bona mesura, i més en l'àmbit del nostre estudi específic, serveixen de reflex més o menys nítid -encara que no sempre directe- de la societat que governen. Per altra banda ens interessava que, a més d'integrar-se en les classes dominants, aquesta elit estudiada disposés d'alguna autoritat. Motivacions personals ens induïen a això. El nostre especial interès per la política actual així com la nostra participació en humils òrgans de decisió ens ha dut a interrogar-nos sobre el poder i els mecanismes sobre els que s'asseu. Ens ha dut també a preguntar-nos sobre aspectes relatius a la seva naturalesa, a la seva incidència en la vida quotidiana i al dispar influx que exerceix sobre les persones. Tot això ha influenciat de forma principal en l'elecció del nostre camp d'estudi. Ambdues raons, historiogràfiques i polítiques, encaminaven el nostre interès cap a les gents que regiria una institució, preferentment política. I en l'àmbit geogràfic escollit, la que més s'adequava a aquests requisits era l'administració municipal.
La presente investigación debe su origen al interés por comprender mejor la configuración y funcionamiento de las sociedades humanas. Esta curiosidad intelectual es la que nos ha guiado y la que ha permitido superar cada uno de los obstáculos que hemos encontrado en este largo camino recorrido. Queríamos aportar nuestro grano de arena al conocimiento de la naturaleza humana en sociedad y aspirábamos a que nuestro trabajo fuera socialmente útil, convencidos de que esa era la única razón por la que valía la pena los esfuerzos que esta investigación ha representado.
Para ello hemos partido del bagaje y la preparación adquirida como historiadores e intentando aportar un enfoque más a los múltiples posibles que con ese mismo propósito pueden salir del universo de las ciencias sociales. Como historiadores, nuestro laboratorio es el pasado y, como historiadores sociales que aspiramos a ser, nuestro primordial interés es el estudio del ser humano inmerso en su grupo social, encardinado en una determinada estructura social, económica y cultural de la que es protagonista al tiempo que sujeto condicionado. Así, individuo y grupo, por un lado, y grupo y contexto social, por otro, son el reflejo de mutuas interrelaciones que la historia social debe tener como objetivo prioritario. Y en ese juego de interacciones nos parece evidente que los grupos gobernantes deben ser estudiados con detenimiento y una cierta preferencia.
Hay varias razones para nuestra opción investigadora en torno a las élites de poder como punto de interés prioritario. Por una parte, por su mayoritaria pertenencia a los grupos dominantes que, a la postre, resultan más explicativos que otros sectores sociales. Son ellos los que implantan y sostienen el sistema político-económico que en buena parte articula la estructura social. Son ellos los que en cierta medida organizan y dirigen la vida de los demás, e incluso los que transmiten patrones culturales e ideológicos que se convierten en hegemónicos. Son ellos punto de referencia para los demás grupos sociales. Las más de las veces envidiados, muchas de ellas imitados y en algunas ocasiones denostados y convertidos en objeto de las iras. En ningún caso pasan desapercibidos. En ningún caso provocan indiferencia. En buena medida, y más en el ámbito de nuestro estudio específico, sirven de reflejo más o menos nítido -aunque no siempre directo- de la sociedad que gobiernan. Por otra parte nos interesaba que, además de integrarse en las clases dominantes, esa élite estudiada dispusiera de alguna autoridad. Motivaciones personales nos inducían a ello. Nuestro especial interés por la política actual así como nuestra participación en humildes órganos de decisión nos ha llevado a interrogarnos sobre el poder y los mecanismos sobre los que se asienta. Nos ha llevado también a preguntarnos sobre aspectos relativos a su naturaleza, a su incidencia en la vida cotidiana y al dispar influjo que ejerce sobre las personas. Todo ello ha influído de forma principal en la elección de nuestro campo de estudio. Ambas razones, historiográficas y políticas, encaminaban nuestro interés hacia las gentes que regía una institución, preferentemente política. Y en el ámbito geográfico escogido, la que más se adecuaba a estos requisitos era la administración municipal.
40
Gonullu, Ayse. "Contemporary Women&". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606618/index.pdf.
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The main aim of this study is to investigate the tools of the women’
s activism which are used in transforming the gender equality agenda in Turkey in terms of legislative reform. To illustrate and study of the tools of women&
#8217
s activism descriptively, a case study on the women&
#8217
s activism for legislative reform in Turkey is conducted. The findings of the research verified the research thesis that women&
#8217
s activism that occurred after 1980s and institutionalized during 1990s was incredibly influential in transforming the Turkey&
#8217
s political agenda. The inner organization manner of women&
#8217
s movement, its use of the media, lobbying activities such as finding allies in the commission and parliament, engagement with international women&
#8217
s rights mechanisms, conducting effective communication through list-serve, arranging street demonstrations and actions can be enumerated as important tools.
41
Sambró, i. Melero Virtuts. "Contextualització i anàlisi de les eleccions del 18 de novembre de 1990 a la R. S. de Bòsnia i Hercegovina". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4815.
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La tesi que aquí es presenta és una anàlisi tant del context històric on es desenvoluparen les eleccions de 1990 a Bòsnia i Hercegovina, com dels resultats que en sortiren, basada sobretot en fonts locals, tant primàries com secundàries. També conté una forta base documental inèdita de material primari i secundari traduïda del serbo-croato-bosni.Les eleccions del 18 de novembre de 1990 representen la fi d'un llarg procés històric que començà amb l'acabament de la 2a Guerra Mundial i la instauració del regim titoista el 1945 per mitjà d'eleccions generals. Al llarg de tot aquest període hi ha un intent, per part del partit únic de la Lliga dels Comunistes Iugoslaus (SKJ), de desenvolupar un projecte d'estat federal iugoslau basat en el lema "fraternitat i unitat" (bratsvo i jedinstvo) que reunís tots els pobles que l'integraven. L'última constitució (1974) comportà una descentralització, tant econòmica com política, ratllant la confederació.
El 1980 mor el mariscal Josip Broz, Tito. La crisi econòmica que ja s'arrossegava, surt a la llum i s'agreuja al llarg de la dècada dels anys vuitanta, repercutint en la política i portant a un enfrontament entre el sector continuista que volia portar la constitució a la confederació (Eslovènia) i el sector reformista que volia un canvi constitucional vers un model centralista (Sèrbia). Així s'arriba al XIV Congrés Extraordinari de la SKJ en un últim intent per solucionar la situació, però el seu fracàs i suspensió sine die, va comportar l'obertura d'un seguit de reformes constitucionals a cada república iugoslava, per a la posta en marxa de processos electorals lliures i multipartidistes.
A Bòsnia i Hercegovina va ser més complicat que a la resta donada la seva composició multinacional. El juliol s'acordà la data electoral per al 18 de novembre. S'escolliria una presidència col·lectiva de 7 membres, un parlament bicameral, el parlament de la ciutat de Sarajevo i els 109 parlaments d'op tina (comarca).
Els resultats que s'obtingueren tots foren favorables, per àmplia majoria, als tres partits nacionalistes representants de les tres nacionalitats majoritàries a la república: SDA (musulmans), SDS (serbis) i HDZ (croates). Aquests no eren els previstos per les enquestes.
Una anàlisi detallada demostra que diferents factors influïren en la intenció de vot, en especial tres: la composició nacional de cada població, una política postitoista dirigida a afeblir la sòlida cúpula de la SKJ de Bòsnia i que es concretà en una sèrie d'afers que acabaren en processos judicials, i la desfeta i fragmentació de la SKJ en com a mínim quatre partits (SK-SDP, SRSJ, SSO i DSS).
Però a més són el fruit d'una concatenació cronològica de fets que començaren el 1945: la creació de la República Socialista de Bòsnia, però alhora la negació d'un poble bosnià, el fracàs del iugoslavisme que no arrelà en el poble com a identitat; la combinació de la crisi econòmica i la crisi política causada pels afers i que comportà un canvi de líders en els moments més difícils; i per últim les eleccions multipartidistes que obriren, si més no en la teoria, noves perspectives. S'ha d'afegir, a més, el marc mundial fruit de la caiguda del mur de Berlín i la desfeta dels règims comunistes.
Les conseqüències no es van fer esperar, la coalició nacionalista fracassà en poc més d'un any. Així les eleccions obriren la porta a la guerra i no pas a la democràcia.
This thesis is an analysis of the historic context in which the elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 1990 year, were done and, at the same time the analysis of it results. It's important to know that the principal primary and secondary sources come from former Yugoslavia. Also this study contains a big date base of originals documents, which a lot of them are unpublished, and translated from the Serbian, Croatian or Bosnian language to the Catalan.
The 18th November elections represent the end of a long historic process which began at the end of the 2nd world war and the constitution the titoista regime in 1945 through general elections. At large of this period there is a purpose from the party, League of Yugoslavs Communists (SKJ), to develop a Yugoslavian federal state project which was based on the slogan "brotherhood and unity" (bratsvo i jedinstvo) in the idea to gather all the nations who composed Yugoslavia. The last constitution (1974) implicated a decentralisation as economic as political and this situation was very similar than a confederation.
In 1980 the marshal Josip Broz, Tito, died. The economic crisis was public thing and aggravated in the next ten years, in the 80's, and at last it reverberated on the policy This situation confronted the continuist sector (Slovenia) against the reformist sector (Serbia). The first would like the total confederation and the second would like the change to the centralist system.
In January 1990 took a place the 14th Extraordinary Congress of the SKJ. It was the last try to find a solution but it failure and adjournment sine die opened the possibility to the republics to do reforms in theirs constitutions and to start a free and multiparty electoral process.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina it was more complicated than the rest because this republic was multiethnic. In July the Bosnian parliament agreed the date of 18th November how an elections day. At the same day Bosnian people elected the seven members of the collective presidency, the two chambers of the Parliament, the Sarajevo's City Parliament and the 109 Op tina's Parliaments.
All the results were favourable, and for a long majority, to the nationalist parties who represented the three constitutional nationalities in the republic: SDA (Muslims), SDS (Serbs) and HDZ (Croats). But before the elections the opinion-poll didn't anticipate this victory.
The detailed analyse demonstrate that different factors influenced in the electorate, in special three of them: the national composition of every city or village; a postitoist policy who try to weaken the Bosnian political cupola of the SKJ, and created some judicial cases ("afers"); and, at last, the fragmentation of the SKJ in four or more parties. (SK-SDP, SRSJ, SSO i DSS).
But these results are anything more. They are the chronological linking of events who started in 1945 year: the birth of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia but at the same time the denial of the Bosnian people; the yugoslavism's failure who never rooted in the people's mentality how a identity; the combination of the economic and political crisis created by the "afers" and they brought about political leaders change in the more difficult moment; and at the end the multiparty elections who opened, in theory, new perspectives. It's necessary to add the world's situation after the Berlin's wall failed and with it the communist regimes in Europe.
The consequences of the elections became at few time. The nationalist coalition of the three parties was dissolved in less a year
And in April 1992 the elections opened doors for a war not for a democracy.
42
Vehovský, Karel. "Vliv kyseliny linolové a α-linolenové ve výživě prasat na množství a kvalitu intramuskulárního tuku vepřového masa s důrazem na n-6/n-3 PUFA-spektrum". Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259689.
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Human nutrition is a function of nutrients' intake from food. The essential nutrients needed by the human body to produce energy, growth and repair of cells, tissues and organs and which accepts in the human diet, are fats. They are obtained from plant or animal sources. Especially animal fats are often ranged among the unpopular food components. Czech Republic is a country with traditionally high consumption of pork. Recently, about healthy foods greatly increase the interest. These include some animal products having an altered composition of fatty acids in fats. The content and composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition are important for protecting of human health. The high content of saturated fatty acids in foods and unfavorable ratio between the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may be the cause of many diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. Fats in the diet should contain saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in a ratio of about 1: 1.4: 0,6. From a health perspective, the most important are the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Animal fats, however, contain sufficient n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3, however, a little. Pork meat quality from the viewpoint of fatty acids composition is currently not very favorable. Significant effects on the fatty acids profile of animal fats have the fats in the feed. It is thus the possibility of by using the diet to influence the composition of fatty acids in the fat in pig. The work is focused on the possibility of influencing the fatty acids composition of pork intramuscular fat using supplementation of different sources and different feeding techniques of unsaturated fatty acids in the feed in pigs. In the experiment, as a source of unsaturated fatty acids the supplement of the rapeseed or soybean oil was used. The results demonstrate that the above unsaturated fatty acid sources significantly changes the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat.
43
Pacheco, Marco André de Almeida. "Medida da seção de choque da interação e+e- → Z 0(γ*) → tau+ τau-(γ) e da razão de ramificação do decaimento τau → múon, antineutrino do múon, neutrino do tau no experimento DELPHI com sqrt (s) = 189 GeV". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=581.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThis work is related to a study of events e+e- → Z 0(γ*) → τ+ τ- (γ) produced at the DELPHI detector, which is one of the experiments of the LEP collider at CERN, with centre- of-mass energy of 189 GeV. We study the simulation of background and signal events, applying selection criteria in order to maximize the rejection of background and minimize the rejection of signal and apply these same selection criteria on the real data. We finish this work showing the results of the measurement of the cross-section of this channel and of the branching fraction.
O presente trabalho refere-se ao estudo de eventos e+e- → Z 0(γ*) → tau+ tau- (γ) produzidos no DELPHI, um dos experimentos do colisor LEP do CERN, com energia de centro de massa de 189 GeV. Foi feita uma análise das simulações dos eventos de fundo e do sinal, onde aplicamos critérios de seleção dos dados de modo a maximizar a rejeição do fundo e minimizar a rejeição do sinal. Aplicamos esses mesmos critérios de seleção aos dados reais. Terminamos o trabalho .apresentando a medida da seção de choque deste canal e a razão de ramificação.
44
Gómez, Vallejo Vanessa. "Development of new strategies for the synthesis of radiotracers labeled with short-lived isotopes: application to 11C and 13N". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9301.
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S'ha desenvolupat una nova estratègia per la síntesi ràpida i eficient de L-[metil-11C]metionina basada en el captive solvent method. La reacció de L-homocisteína (dissolució bàsica en aigua/etanol 1:1) amb [11C]CH3I en un loop de HPLC va permetre la formació del radiotraçador desitjat amb elevat rendiment radioquímic (38.4 ± 4.1%) en un temps curt (< 12 min). Tots el paràmetres analítics compleixen les especificacions requerides per la versió actual de la Farmacopea Espanyola, tot i que els valors d'activitat específica obtinguts van ser relativament baixos. Degut a això, es van estudiar i quantificar les principals fonts que contribueixen a la contaminació de carboni-12 durant les síntesis de [11C]CH3I efectuades segons el "wet" method. Es va observar que la principal font de contaminació de CO2 no radioactiu (contribució>90%) és el propi procés de bombardeig, probablement degut a la combustió (causada per les altes temperatures i pressions assolides durant la irradiació) dels compostos que contenen carboni i que es troben al gas irradiat (o a l'interior del blanc). Es van establir procediments generals per realitzar abans, durant i després de la radiosíntesi per prevenir la contaminació exterior i, d'aquesta manera, augmentar l'activitat específica dels radiotraçadors sintetitzats.En quant al marcatge amb nitrogen-13, s'ha desenvolupat un procés totalment automàtic per a la producció de [13N]NO2- a partir de [13N]NO3- generat en el ciclotró. El precursor radioactiu [13N]NO2- s'ha utilitzat per la radiosíntesi de compostos amb interès biològic com ara S-nitrosotiols (donadors de NO.), N-nitrosamines (molècules amb potencials efectes carcinogènics) i azo compostos (amb possible aplicació com a radiotraçadors per a la detecció in vivo de plaques de β-amiloide). En tots els casos es van obtenir excel·lents conversions radioquímiques (48.7% - 74.5% per S-[13N]nitrosotiols, 45.6% - 53.4% per N-[13N]nitrosamines i 40.0% - 58.3% per 13N-azo compostos) i bons rendiments radioquímics (33.8% - 60.6% per S-[13N]nitrosotiols, 34.0% - 37.8% per N-[13N]nitrosamines i 20.4% - 47.2% per 13N-azo compostos). A més a més, s'ha dissenyat i implementat un mòdul automàtic amb control remot pel marcatge de molècules amb 13N.
Se ha desarrollado una nueva estrategia para la síntesis rápida y eficiente de L-[metil-11C]metionina basada en el captive solvent method. La reacción de L-homocisteína (disolución básica en agua/etanol 1:1) con [11C]CH3I en un loop de HPLC permitió la formación del radiotrazador deseado con elevado rendimiento radioquímico (38.4 ± 4.1%) en un tiempo corto (< 12 min). Todos los parámetros analíticos cumplían las especificaciones requeridas por la versión actual de la Farmacopea Española, aunque los valores de actividad específica obtenidos fueron relativamente bajos. Por ello, se estudiaron y cuantificaron las principales fuentes que contribuyen a la contaminación de carbono-12 durante las síntesis de [11C]CH3I efectuadas según el "wet" method. Se observó que la principal fuente de contaminación de CO2 no radiactivo (contribución>90%) es el propio proceso de bombardeo, probablemente debido a la combustión (causada por las altas temperaturas y presiones alcanzadas durante la irradiación) de los compuestos que contienen carbono y que se encuentran presentes en el gas irradiado (o en el mismo cuerpo del blanco). Se establecieron procedimientos generales para realizar antes, durante y con posterioridad a la radiosíntesis para prevenir la contaminación exterior y, de esta manera, aumentar la actividad específica de los radiotrazadores sintetizados.
Respecto al marcaje con nitrógeno-13, se ha desarrollado un proceso totalmente automático para la producción de [13N]NO2- a partir del [13N]NO3- generado en el ciclotrón. El precursor radiactivo [13N]NO2- se ha utilizado para la radiosíntesis de compuestos con interés biológico tales como S-nitrosotioles (donadores de NO.), N-nitrosaminas (moléculas con potenciales efectos carcinogénicos) y azo compuestos (con posible aplicación como radiotrazadores para la detección in vivo de placas de β-amiloide). En todos los casos se obtuvieron excelentes conversiones radioquímicas (48.7% - 74.5% para S-[13N]nitrosotioles, 45.6% - 53.4% para N-[13N]nitrosaminas y 40.0% - 58.3% para 13N-azo compuestos) y buenos rendimientos radioquímicos (33.8% - 60.6% para S-[13N]nitrosotioles, 34.0% - 37.8% para N-[13N]nitrosaminas y 20.4% - 47.2% para 13N-azo compuestos). Además, se ha diseñado e implementado un módulo automático con control remoto para el marcaje de moléculas con 13N.
A new strategy for the fast and efficient synthesis of L-[methyl-11C]methionine based on the captive solvent method has been developed. The in loop reaction of a basic water/ethanol 1:1 solution of L-homocysteine with [11C]CH3I led to the formation of the desired radiotracer with high radiochemical yield (38.4 ± 4.1%) in short production time (< 12 min). All analytical parameters were within the specifications of the current version of the Spanish Pharmacopoeia, although specific radioactivity values were relatively low. Thus, the main sources of carbon-12 during the synthesis of [11C]CH3I by the "wet" method were studied and the contribution attributable to each individual source was quantified. The most relevant contamination of non-radioactive CO2 (contribution>90%) was shown to be generated during the bombardment process, probably due to the combustion (caused by high temperature and pressure during irradiation) of carbon carrier compounds present in the irradiated gas (or target body). General procedures to be performed before, during and after the radiosynthesis were established to prevent external contamination and to improve the specific radioactivity of 11C-labeled radiotracers synthesized from [11C]CH3I produced via the "wet" method.
Concerning 13N-labeling, a fully automatic process for the production of [13N]NO2- from cyclotron generated [13N]NO3- has been developed. The radioactive precursor [13N]NO2- has been used for the synthesis of biologically interesting 13N-labeled compounds such as S-nitrosothiols (well-known NO. donors), N-nitrosamines (molecules with potent carcinogenic effects) and azo compounds (with putative application as imaging probes for in vivo detection of β-amyloid plaques). In all cases, excellent radiochemical conversion (48.7% - 74.5% for S-[13N]nitrosothiols, 45.6% - 53.4% for N-[13N]nitrosamines and 40.0% - 58.3% for 13N-labeled azo compounds) and good radiochemical yields (33.8% - 60.6% for S-[13N]nitrosothiols, 34.0% - 37.8% for N-[13N]nitrosamines and 20.4% - 47.2% for 13N-labeled azo compounds) were achieved. An automatic remote controlled synthesis module for the preparation of 13N-labeled structures has been designed and implemented.
45
Yildiz, Senay. "Construction Of Substitution Boxes Depending On Linear Block Codes". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605540/index.pdf.
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The construction of a substitution box (S-box) with high nonlinearity and high resiliency is an important research area in cryptography.
In this thesis, t-resilient nxm S-box construction methods depending on linear block codes presented in "A Construction of Resilient Functions with High Nonlinearity"
by T. Johansson and E. Pasalic in 2000, and two years later in "
Linear Codes in Generalized Construction of Resilient Functions with Very High Nonlinearity"
by E. Pasalic and S. Maitra are compared and the former one is observed to be more promising in terms of nonlinearity. The first construction method uses a set of nonintersecting [n-d,m,t+1] linear block codes in deriving t-resilient S-boxes of nonlinearity 2^(n-1)-2^(n-d-1),where d is a parameter to be maximized for high nonlinearity. For some cases, we have found better results than the results of Johansson and Pasalic, using their construction. As a distinguished reference for nxn S-box construction methods, we study the paper "
Differentially Uniform Mappings for Cryptography"
presented by K.Nyberg in Eurocrypt 1993. One of the two constructions of this paper, i.e., the inversion mapping described by Nyberg but first noticed in 1957 by L. Carlitz and S. Uchiyama, is used in the S-box of Rijndael, which is chosen as the Advanced Encryption Standard. We complete the details of some theorem and proposition proofs given by Nyberg.
46
Rubalcaba, Pérez María del Carmen. "Prácticas de cultura escrita: aproximaciones y realidades. Provincia de Santander, s. XIX". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Cantabria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10656.
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La tesis pretende ser una primera aproximación al conocimiento de las prácticas y los usos reales de la cultura escrita por parte de lectores y escribientes sin cualificación en la ciudad y provincia de Santander a lo largo del siglo XIX, abordando para ello el análisis de las prácticas lecto-escritoras cotidianas (escritos dirigidos a la administración, correspondencia privada y libros de cuentas), su función (relación del ciudadano con el poder a través de la reivindicación de derechos o la solicitud de beneficios; mantenimiento de la relación afectivo-familiar y conservación y transmisión de la memoria personal y familiar) y su difusión social (delegación gráfica, prácticas populares, relación oralidad-escritura). El trabajo plantea la cuestión de los diferentes usos de la cultura escrita desde un punto de vista interdisciplinar y partiendo del estudio de los propios materiales escritos. Nuestra contribución tiene como objetivo ilustrar el panorama de las prácticas de cultura escrita en la ciudad y provincia de Santander durante gran parte del siglo XIX a partir del análisis de documentación de carácter privado y popular. La comprensión del fenómeno social que la escritura representó en el pasado se ha llevado a cabo mediante la reconstrucción de sus distintos usos y a través del conocimiento más completo de su significado en el marco de la sociedad que la produce.El objetivo de la tesis no consiste en proporcionar cifras concretas o porcentajes sobre el número de alfabetizados y analfabetos, sino responder a los interrogantes surgidos a partir de los nuevos planteamientos de la Historia Social de la Cultura Escrita, es decir, quién ha realizado el testimonio escrito que estudiamos, quién y cuántos sabían escribir en aquel determinado momento y ambiente y por qué, es decir, la finalidad por la que en cada época se adoptaba la escritura y, más en general, la función que tenía en cada sociedad organizada. Se deseaba deslindar quién escribía y quién no, es decir, estudiar el alfabetismo en uso y en contextos determinados y responder a preguntas sobre quién y por qué utiliza el instrumento escritura como han intentado hacer con anterioridad otros investigadores, "a través de una intersección entre prácticas y gentes que escriben".Mediante el estudio de las expresiones escritas y de las distintas tipologías documentales empleadas y conservadas se ha intentado analizar la difusión de la escritura -entendida no como producción culta de textos sino como empleo concreto del medio escrito- en la vida cotidiana de la provincia de Santander en el siglo XIX.Para alcanzar su reconstrucción se ha acudido a diversas instituciones y archivos en busca de la documentación que permitiese reflejarlas de la mejor y más completa manera posible, haciendo especial referencia a la práctica privada y cotidiana de las clases populares. Se ha tomado en consideración tres prácticas de escritura especialmente significativas: la documentación producida en la relación con la administración que permite observar con detenimiento el fenómeno de la delegación o intermediación de escritura; la correspondencia epistolar privada y la escritura de libros de cuentas, tipología documental en la que se hibrida el mantenimiento de una memoria económica con el registro de la memoria familiar y personal.Nuestra investigación ha permitido constatar cómo la construcción de un poder implica la relegación, si no la destrucción, de determinada categoría de fuentes como son las de origen popular. De igual manera, a través de este trabajo se intenta acabar con la identificación automática de lectura y libro impreso y mostrar que la lectura se lleva a cabo, también en época tipográfica, sobre textos manuscritos.
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Rodríguez, Solano Pablo Augusto. "Cambio y continuidad : la hacienda pública como factor de construcción estatal, Costa Rica 1812-1859". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129734.
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El estado en Costa Rica a partir de 1812 fue posible por la constitución de una comunidad
política. Ésta logró superar los conflictos coyunturales entre sus dirigentes mediante el balance
de sus intereses económicos, en un gobierno construido a partir de un pacto político propio. El
contexto económico, geográfico y político regional le permitió mantener la estabilidad. Esto se
tradujo en una administración capaz de hacer frente a las complicaciones que se le presentaban,
facilitando la modificación del pacto provincial mediante la centralización de poder en el
gobierno, que progresivamente comenzó a hablar en nombre del estado. Para comprender el
desarrollo de esta relación se hace necesario analizar la evolución de la hacienda, la población y
el territorio, con tal de comprender la transición que realizó Costa Rica de Provincia a
República. Pues es en la comprensión de la dialéctica entre herencia colonial y nuevos
principios político-hacendarios donde se encuentra explicación de la construcción del estado.The state in Costa Rica was made possible by the creation of a political community. It managed to overcome short-term conflicts between their leaders through the balance of their economic interests, in a government built from their own political pact. The economic, political and regional stability allowed the government to keep the continuity. This resulted in an administration capable of dealing with the complications that were presented to it, by facilitating modifications of the provincial pact that resulted in the centralization of power. From this the result was that the government gradually began to speak on behalf of the state. To understand the development of this relationship is necessary to analyze the evolution of finance, population and territory. Doing this we can understand the transition that made Costa Rica from a Province to a Republic. For it is in understanding the dialectic between colonial heritage and new political and fiscal principles that we can explain the state building process.
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Boada, i. Domènech Lluís. "Manuel Humbert : 1890-1975". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/130824.
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La tesi s’estructura en dues parts ben marcades, com la mateixa vida del pintor
Manuel Humbert, per la tràgica ruptura que va representar l’esclat de la guerra
civil espanyola i un epíleg. Així, la primera part comprèn el seu trajecte vital i
artístic durant el període 1890-1936 que, en part, pot situar-se dins un projecte
col·lectiu, que inicialment i molt matisadament podem identificar amb el
noucentisme, i culmina amb el màxim reconeixement que Catalunya podia
donar a un artista seu, el Premi Nonell. Després, el context va determinar que
la segona meitat de la vida del nostre personatge fos una mena de dia a dia per
mantenir la dignitat personal i la qualitat artística. La conclusió és que va reeixir.
Malgrat tot, la seva memòria no ha resistit a l’oblit i la seva obra esdevé
progressivament desconeguda. L’epíleg tracta d’explicar les raons de l’oblit i
d’obrir perspectives o, almenys, esperances d’un futur reconeixement, ben
merescut.La thèse est structurée en deux parties bien marquées, comme la vie ellemême du peintre Manuel Humbert, par la tragique rupture qui a supposé l’éclat de la guerre civile espagnole et un épilogue. Ainsi, la première partie comprend sa trajectoire vitale et artistique pendant la période 1890-1936, laquelle, en partie, on peut situer dans un projet collectif, qu’on veut d’emblé mais d’une façon très nuancée identifier avec le noucentisme, et qui arrive à son point culminant avec la plus grande reconnaissance que la Catalogne pouvait faire d’un de leurs artistes, le Prix Nonell. Après, le contexte avait déterminé que la seconde partie de sa vie fuisse une sorte d’au jour le jour pour maintenir la dignité personnelle et la qualité artistique. La conclusion est qu’il y a réussit. Malgré tout, sa mémoire n’a pas pu résister à l’oubli et son oeuvre devient progressivement inconnue. L’épilogue essaye d’expliquer les raisons de l’oubli et d’ouvrir des perspectives ou, tout au moins, des espoirs d’une future reconnaissance, bien méritée.
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Ziu, Endri. "The Emergence Of Albanian National Identity And Three Figures: Semsettin Sami, Ismail Kemal, Fan S. Noli". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614611/index.pdf.
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This thesis will examine the emergence of Albanian national identity. It will analyze this process in two different phases. The first phase includes the period after the League of Prizren until the independence. The second phase starts after the independence. This thesis will try to understand this process by focusing on the intellectual activity of the Albanian intellectuals and mainly on the intellectual thoughts of three Albanian figures: Semsettin Sami, Ismail Kemal, and Fan S. Noli. These intellectuals formulated their ideas on the basis of both the process of modernization and the international context. As such, they enabled the transition from a mere ethnic Albanian identity to an Albanian national identity. The main components of the Albanian national identity analyzed in this thesis are language, territory, and myth.
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Saltó, Bauzà Oriol. "Measurement of Inclusive Jet Cross Sections in Z/γ ∗( → e+e−) + jets Production in pp Collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF Detector". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3406.
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La Cromodinàmica Quàntica (QCD) és la teoria de camps que descriu les interaccions fortes entre quarks i gluons. La signatura més destacada de QCD en col·lisionadors hadrúnics és la producció de jets col·limats d'hadrons. La mesura de la producció d'aquests jets associats amb un bosó vectorial, W o Z/gamma*, proporciona un test estricte dels càlculs pertorbatius de QCD (pQCD). A més a més, alguns processos de nova física en col·lisionadors hadrúnics, com ara la producciÓ del bosó de Higgs i partícules supersimètriques, poden ser molt semblants a la producció de bosons vectorial associats amb jets que constitueixen un fons irreductible en aquestes cerques. Per tant l'estudi i comprensió de processos Z/gamma*+jets és una part crucial del programa de física del col·lisionador Tevatron. Durant el Run I del Tevatron, protons i antiprotons col·lidien amb una energia en el centre de masses sqrt(s) de 1.8 TeV. La producciÓ de Z/gamma*+jets es va estudiar durant el Run I amb el detector CDF utilitzant 106 pb-1 de dades. Les mesures es van comparar amb les prediccions de l'ordre més baix en teoria de pertorbacions (LO) més parton shower d'alguns generadors de Monte Carlo. Les comparacions estaven dominades per les grans incerteses en les prediccions de LO. En el Run II, el Tevatron i el detector CDF es van millorar i, entre d'altres importants millores, sqrt(s) es va augmentar a 1.96 TeV. El bon funcionament de l'accelerador i del detector van proporcionar una quantitat més gran de dades que va fer possible mesures diferencials de gran precisió.Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta la mesura de seccions eficaces inclusives de jets en esdeveniments amb Z/gamma*->ee utilitzant 1.7 fb-1 de dades obtingudes amb el detector CDF durant el Run II del Tevatron. L'algoritme de con Midpoint s'ha utilitzat per a buscar jets en els esdeveniments després d'haver identificat la presència d'un bosó Z/gamma* a través de la reconstrucció dels productes de la seva desintegració. Les mesures s'han comparat amb les prediccions del següent nivell (NLO) en pQCD per esdeveniments amb un o dos jets en l'estat final. Les prediccions pertorbatives s'han corregit per les contribucions de processos no-pertorbatius, com l'underlying event i la fragmentació dels partons en jets d'hadrons. Aquests processos no són descrits per la teoria de pertorbacions i s'han d'estimar amb models fenomenològics. En aquesta tesi, s'han realitzat un conjunt de mesures per a testejar diferents models d'underlying event i hadronització implementats en programes de Monte Carlo de LO més parton shower.
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the field theory that describes the strong interactions between quarks and gluons. The most prominent signature of QCD at hadron colliders is the production of collimated jets of hadrons. The measurement of the production of such jets in association with a vector boson, W or Z/gamma*, provides an stringent test of perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculations. Furthermore, some of new physics processes at hadron colliders, such as the production of Higgs bosons and supersymmetric particles, can be mimicked by the production of vector bosons in association with jets that constitute irreducible backgrounds to these searches. Therefore, the study and understanding of Z/gamma*+jets processes is a crucial part of the physics program of the Tevatron collider. At the Run I of the Tevatron, protons and antiprotons collided with an energy in the center-of-mass ps of 1.8 TeV. Z/gamma*+ jets production was studied during Run I with the CDF detector using 106 pb-1 of data. The measurements were compared to the predictions from leading order (LO) plus parton shower Monte Carlo generator programs. The comparisons were mainly dominated by the large scale uncertainties in the LO predictions. In Run II, the Tevatron and the CDF detector were upgraded and, among other important improvements, sqrt(s) was increased to 1.96 TeV. The good performance of the accelerator and the detector made available a larger amount of data, making possible precise differential measurements.
This Ph.D. thesis presents the measurement of inclusive jet cross sections in Z/gamma*(->ee) events using 1.7 fb-1 of data collected by the upgraded CDF detector during the Run II of the Tevatron. The Midpoint cone algorithm is used to search for jets in the events after identifying the presence of a Z/gamma* boson through the reconstruction of its decay products. The measurements are compared to next-to-LO (NLO) pQCD predictions for events with one and two jets in the final state. The perturbative predictions are corrected for the contributions of non-perturbative processes, like the underlying event and the fragmentation of the partons into jets of hadrons. These processes are not described by perturbation theory and must be estimated from phenomenological models. In this thesis, a number of measurements are performed to test different models of underlying event and hadronization implemented in LO plus parton shower Monte Carlo generator programs.