Artykuły w czasopismach: „Rural Women and Telecommunication”

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Smith, Lucretia, i Clarann Weinert. "Telecommunication Support for Rural Women With Diabetes". Diabetes Educator 26, nr 4 (lipiec 2000): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572170002600412.

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Bidwell, Nicola J. "Rural Uncommoning". ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 28, nr 3 (lipiec 2021): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3445793.

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Shared use of small-scale natural commons is vital to the livelihoods of billions of rural inhabitants, particularly women, and advocates propose that local telecommunications systems that are oriented by the commons can close rural connectivity gaps. This article extends insights about women's exclusion from such Community Networks (CNs) by considering ‘commoning’, or practices that produce, reproduce and use the commons and create communality. I generated data in interviews and observations of rural CNs in seven countries in the Global South and in multi-sited ethnography of international advocacy for CNs. Male biases in technoculture and rural governance limit women's participation in CNs, and women adopt different approaches to performing their communal identity while using technology. This situation contributes to detaching CNs from relations that are produced in women's commoning. It also illustrates processes that co-opt the commons in rural technology endeavours and the diverse ways commoners express their subjectivities in response.

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Gspurning, Josef. "Selected aspects of the lifeworld of young women illustrated by the district of south-eastern Styria". Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 72, nr 3 (2022): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2203291g.

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The worldwide trend of migration from the peripheral rural areas (?rural exodus?) to the central areas of a region raises the question of how to deal with it in some regions of Austria. On the one hand, the loss of population always represents a loss of importance for a municipality, whereas on the other hand, a strong influx puts a strain on the central areas and the increased land consumption poses a challenge for the environment and spatial planners. Depending on the region, this can have various causes, whereby specific pull factors of the central areas as well as a set of push factors of the surroundings are relevant. Within the framework of a study lasting several years and using a mix of selected methods, an attempt was made to work out or characterize those aspects of the female rural lifeworld that represent the decisive factors for shaping the further life paths of women. In this context, the economic structure and organization proved to be particularly important factors for successful economic and land use development, sufficient natural resources, and environmental quality for housing and quality of life as well as a potential for a leisure economy, good accessibility, and infrastructure in terms of transport development and information and telecommunication technologies (distance to the higher-level economic centers is a significant obstacle to development). Finally, cultural values, social trends, and human capital with the existing gender-specific role patterns also play a certain role in the consideration of migration.

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Schreiner, Heather. "Rural women, development, and telecommunications: A pilot programme in South Africa". Gender & Development 7, nr 2 (lipiec 1999): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/741923125.

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Gonzalez, Francisco, Blanca Cimadevila, Julio Garcia-Comesaña, Susana Cerqueiro, Eladio Andion, Jorge Prado, Jorge Bermudez i Felix Rubial. "Telephone consultation in primary care". Journal of Health Organization and Management 32, nr 2 (9.04.2018): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-08-2017-0201.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze a teleconsultation modality based on a simple telephone call, using either landline or mobile phone, made available to more than two million people. Telecommunication systems are an increasingly common feature in modern healthcare. However, making teleconsultations available to the entire population covered by a public health system is a challenging goal. Design/methodology/approach This retrospective longitudinal observational study analyzed how this modality was used at the primary care level in Galicia, a region in the Northwest of Spain, in 2014 and 2015, focusing on demand, gender and age preferences, rural vs urban population and efficiency. Findings Of 28,472,852 consultations requested in this period, 9.0 percent were telephone consultations. Women requested more telephone consultations (9.9 percent of total consultations) than men (7.7 percent of total consultations). The highest demand occurred for the over 85 age group for both men and women. In both years, 2014 and 2015, the number of telephone consultations per inhabitant was higher in urban (0.53 and 0.69) than in rural areas (0.34 and 0.47). In 10.9 percent of cases, the telephone consultations required further face-to-face consultation. Originality/value Conventional voice telephone calls can efficiently replace conventional face-to-face consultations in primary healthcare in roughly 10 percent of cases. Women are more likely than men to use primary care services in both face-to-face and telephone consultation modalities. Public healthcare systems should consider implementing telephone consultations to deliver their services.

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Letsie, Thandiwe Marethabile, i Matjeko Lenka. "Factors Contributing to the Late Commencement of Antenatal Care at a Rural District Hospital in Lesotho". Global Journal of Health Science 13, nr 5 (30.03.2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v13n5p32.

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Antenatal care (ANC) is a key approach aimed at improving maternal and infant health. Numerous factors are associated with late commencement of antenatal care. Sub-Saharan Africa countries are exception to the problem of late commencement of antenatal care. The qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach was followed. The pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria, were above 16 weeks and attended antenatal care at the time of the study. Different authorities granted permission to conduct face-to-face, unstructured in-depth interviews. Tesch approach enabled the qualitative researchers to immerse themselves through systematic organization and synthesis of data to create manageable units. an independent co-coder also analyzed data independently. Afterwards, they met and agreed on specific themes and sub-categories. The following five themes emerged; personal and family factors, cultural beliefs and practices, health systems and poor infrastructure. Measures aimed at improving accessibility to the health centers include; road infrastructure, telecommunication and more client centered services. Improvement of early commencement of antenatal services becomes an ideal approach influencing excellent maternal and neonatal outcomes. Therefore, government initiatives aimed at empowering communities on the benefits of commencing antenatal care on time is necessary.

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Warsi, Aimen, i Noman Mansoor. "Floods in Pakistan; are pregnant women at a greater risk?" Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, nr 05 (15.04.2023): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.7941.

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Dear madam, The destructive floods in Pakistan have wreaked havoc, leading to increased mortality and morbidity rates among people. More than 1,100 people, including the excess of 350 children, have passed away, and the number is expected to grow [1]. The infrastructure is destroyed with no food or shelter. A halt in conveyance has made the necessities to life unattainable on people, and pregnant women are no exception. In Pakistan, about 500,000 pregnant women were affected by the 2010 floods, and 1.5 million women required emergency obstetric care [2]. Of the pregnant women during the disaster, 1,700 gave birth and hundreds suffered from complications during childbirth. Retained placenta, obstructed labour and fetal distress are some of the complications that pregnant women are at risk of during disaster. The scarcity of healthcare facilities and providers makes it difficult to manage maternal health problems, and delivery in these conditions often leads to maternal death [3]. The maternal mortality rate in Pakistan is 186 deaths per100,000, with rural areas having a 26% higher ratio [4]. Reproductive health is also affected by disasters through spontaneous abortion, birth defects, and low birth weight of babies [3] [5]. Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and women with various disabilities have suffered the most. Sometimes women cannot express their problems which may lead to psychological issues. In addition, delay in transport and medical help affect maternal mortality in rural areas. Pakistan has limited healthcare resources in flood affected areas, making it difficult for pregnant women to help. An obstetrics field hospital must be established with trained staff with concerning disaster protocols. An experienced obstetrician should be taken on board to assess the emergency and set-up of prerequisite healthcare resources. Social media, mass media and public campaigns should be popularized to put an impact on this topic. Furthermore, public awareness for both genders and setting up medical camps in remote areas might help. Telecommunication must be established with field operators in coordination with other disaster relief providers to initiate the need of medicines like folic acid and other vitamins. Portable ultrasound must be arranged. The usage of alcohol-based cleanser instead of water to eradicate contamination. The impact that floods have on lives of pregnant women is an issue that is not given much attention. More studies are required in this area to understand the full extent of the problem.

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Nefedova, Tatiana Grigor’evna, i Nikita Evgen’evich Pokrovsky. "Terra Incognita of the Russian Near North: Counter-Urbanization in Today’S Russia and the Formation of Dacha Communities". European Countryside 10, nr 4 (1.12.2018): 673–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2018-0037.

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Abstract This article considers the salient features of counter-urbanization, which take place when urban residents, during the summer months, move to live in their second homes or their dachas [country homes or summer cottages]. Due to the social forces that are the result of incomplete urbanization, class polarization, and the rapid growth of major city centers, there are two powerful oppositional flows of migration taking place today in Russia. The first is centripetal migration or the movement of rural populations to large cities. The second form of migration is centrifugal migration or counterurbanization, which is the relocation of urban populations to rural areas. The article gives a theoretical overview of a new vision of migration as a part of modern flexible ‘liquid’ mobility, which enables urban residents to be constantly ‘on the move’, migrating between their urban apartments and suburban or distant dachas. A theoretical sociological background provides the field research, presented in the article, with an understanding of the realm of meanings of de-urbanization in a short and long historical run and in perspective. Russian men and women, who work in various professions due to advances in telecommunication technologies, are able to spend some extended periods at their dachas where they simultaneously work and enjoy the natural beauty and countryside. The different types of dachas in Russia that are either close to cities or in remote regions are examined. The case study of dacha counter-urbanization in the periphery region of Kostroma oblast' considers: 1) various features of the return counter-urbanization to remote dacha and 2) the social, economic and cultural effects that these dacha settlements have had on both the urban and rural residents.

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Cheng, Fang, Haisen Zhang i Nobeji S. Boniphace. "Determinants of Off-farm Employment Participation of Women in Rural Uganda". International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, nr 54 (20.04.2019): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.54.28.41.

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Off-farm employment in rural areas can be a major contributor to rural poverty reduction and decent rural employment. While women are highly active in the agricultural sector, they are less active than men in off-farm employment. This study analyzes the determinants of participation in off-farm employment of women in rural Uganda. The study is based on a field survey conducted in nine districts with the sample size of 1200 individual females. A two-stage Hechman’s sample selection model was applied to capture women’s decision to participate and the level of participation in non-farm economic activities. Summary statistics of the survey data from rural Uganda shows that: i) poverty and non-farm employment has a strong correlation, implying the importance of non-farm employment as a means for poverty reduction; and ii) there is a large gender gap to access non-farm employment, but the gender gap has been significantly reduced from group of older age to younger generation. The econometric results finds that the following factors have a significant influence on women’s participation in off-farm employment: education level of both the individual and household head (positive in both stages); women’s age (negative in both stages); female-headed household (negative in first stage); household head of polygamous marriage (negative in both stages); distance from major town (negative in the first stage); household size (positive in the second stage); dependency ratio (negative in the second stage); access to and use of government extension services (positive in the first stage); access to and use of an agricultural loan (negative in the second stage); and various district dummies variables. The implications of these findings suggest that those policies aimed at enhancing the identified determinants of women off-farm employment can promote income-generating opportunities for women groups in comparable contexts. In order to capitalize on these positive linkages, policies should be designed to improve skills and knowledge by providing education opportunities and increasing access to employment training, assistance services and loans for non-farm activities and by targeting women in female-headed, large and distant households. The government should increase investments in public infrastructure and services, such as roads, telecommunications and emergency support.

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Saaid Ali, Abd Elrahman Elzahi. "Improving Rural Livelihoods in North East Kenya: Evidence of Sharia Cooperatives Outreach". Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 6, nr 3 (6.10.2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v6i3.933.

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Sharia cooperatives (SACCO) are essential low-cost financing that helps underserved communities in Kenya through giving loans, savings, school fees, and considerable group lending. This research used both the structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion methods to investigate Sharia cooperatives providers and clients as the best means of financial inclusion to support the disadvantaged people in North-East Kenya (NEK) counties. Four dimensions of financing outreach including scope, cost, worth, and depth sharia cooperatives outreach have been studied. The results have shown Kenyans sharia cooperatives have not achieved a reasonable scope of outreach. This might be due to what is found in the study the lack of qualified sharia cooperatives staff and both financial and digital financial illiteracies of the clients. The clients were found to have low knowledge of their products and services, lack of using the internet and digital devices, and more than 80% of them undertaking transactions at the premises and preferred direct contact. Moreover, the results showed the investigated SACCO did not reach the optimal worth outreach Due to the increase in the number of underserved people and the high rate of poverty in the remote rural areas. The results also show SACCO in Kenya have achieved reasonable depth outreach since they are covered the underserved community members such as women, youth but need to exert still more efforts to reach the remote rural areas. Although the customers have seen the cost of sharia cooperative services is reasonable, the results showed the high cost of attracting new clients. That might be due to the unused of the targeted communities the new means of connections such as webmail, internet, and smart devices. Based on these results the study might recommend that these SACCO might need to implement effective training strategies to enhance clients and staff knowledge to improve financial and digital illiteracy to improve the scope, worth, and cost outreach dimensions. The results also show low depth outreach due to the poor basic infrastructures, lack of capital to adopt wireless finance to expand to remote areas. For this study might recommend more capital injection for SACCO to adopt digital financial technology. These results give good policy implication for the Islamic Development Institution (IsDB), Islamic financial institutions, investors, and other alike to help these sharia cooperatives through capital injection, financial awareness seminars, telecommunication companies, and building capacity programs to promote this low-cost financing for the most disadvantaged Muslim minority in Kenya.

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Matlakala, F. K., L. Nyahunda i J. C. Makhubele. "POPULATION’S VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTERS IN RUNNYMEDE VILLAGE AT TZANEEN LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, SOUTH AFRICA". Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, nr 4 (12.08.2021): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9423.

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Purpose of the study: This paper was aimed at determining the population’s vulnerability to natural disasters in Runnymede Village at Tzaneen Local Municipality, South Africa. Methodology: The researchers used the qualitative research approach and the exploratory research design. A total number of 16 participants took part in the study. The participants consisted of small-scale farmers, social workers, and disaster management members. Data was collected through individual semi-structured and focus group interviews and was analysed thematically. Main Findings: The study found that impoverished people in the rural areas, people living with disabilities, children, and women are mainly vulnerable to natural disasters. The study thus concludes that people in rural areas are more prone to the impact of natural disasters due to geopolitical, structural, and cultural systems. Applications of this study: People’s relatives, friends, and others close to them can disappear alongside their livelihoods, homes, hospitals, roads, transport, telecommunications networks, and schools. These effects trigger various emotions such as fear, anger, and grief to community members. To this end, community members will receive holistic intervention from relevant social workers, who will be providing psychosocial support. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributes positively to the field of social service, and provides guidelines to social workers to address natural disasters. Due to their educational background, social workers should fight the injustices that people in rural areas are predisposed to. They could challenge these injustices (inequalities) as these infringe on individuals’ rights to dignity and other associated rights.

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CLÍMACO, JOÃO C., JOÃO P. COSTA, CARLOS H. ANTUNES i JOSÉ F. CRAVEIRINHA. "DECISION SUPPORT IN RURAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK PLANNING". Engineering Optimization 18, nr 1-3 (listopad 1991): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03052159108941017.

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Shields, Peter, i Rohan Samarajiva. "Telecommunication, rural development and the Maitland report". Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 46, nr 3 (grudzień 1990): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001654929004600304.

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Lee, H. "Designing rural area telecommunication networks via hub cities". Omega 22, nr 3 (maj 1994): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(94)90043-4.

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Singh, N. P., i Manisha Kaushik. "Critical Analysis of Growth Strategies for Telecom Stake Holders in Rural India". International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 5, nr 2 (kwiecień 2013): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicthd.2013040105.

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Telecommunications has provided an excellent mean to connect people, businesses, communities and countries across the globe. Quality of life has improved tremendously with the development of communications and related technologies. In spite of excellent growth of telecommunications services and reduction in tariff the benefits of telecommunication technologies have not reached to the poor segment of the population in the emerging and developing countries. India is no exception to it. There is wide gap between teledensity in urban and rural areas in India. The research paper discusses the efforts of government and service providers to fill this gap. The paper also presents the analysis of growth strategies of telecom stake holders. Based on the analysis, it is suggested that the gaps can be filled in by understanding and addressing technical and financial issues of the service providers in the context of rural areas. There is a need to create better policy instruments to provide incentives for service providers in rural areas and create markets for service providers that are financially viable. In this context paper analyzed existing status of rural telecommunication, role of information & communication technologies (ICTs) in the life of rural population, future needs of rural population, and strategies of making telecommunication services affordable in rural areas.

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Miyashita, Toyohisa, Masaomi Takizawa, Keiji Nakai, Hirofumi Okura, Hirohito Kanda, Sumio Murase, Tetsuya Ichijo, Yoshiaki Karaki, Toru Oue i Kazuo Yagi. "Realtime ultrasound screening by satellite telecommunication". Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 9, nr 1_suppl (czerwiec 2003): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135763303322196376.

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summary Realtime ultrasound screening was carried out using a medical examination vehicle equipped with a diagnostic ultrasound scanner and a satellite telecommunication system. Screening was performed on 205 residents in a rural community in Japan and consisted of 57 cardiac, 57 abdominal, 60 thyroid and 31 breast ultrasound scans. The resolution of the realtime ultrasound images sent via communications satellite at 1.5 Mbit/s was almost identical to that of the original images taken by the ultrasound scanner. A disorder was diagnosed in 11 (19%) of the cardiac examinations, 28 (49%) of the abdominal, 19 (32%) of the thyroid and 7 (23%) of the breast examinations. Although some technical problems occurred, ultrasound screening by telemedicine appears to be a promising technique for those who live in rural communities.

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Guðmundsdóttir, Kristín, Shahla Ala’i-Rosales i Zuilma Gabriela Sigurðardóttir. "Extending Caregiver Training Via Telecommunication for Rural Icelandic Children With Autism". Rural Special Education Quarterly 38, nr 1 (19.07.2018): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756870518783522.

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This study describes the development and evaluation of a behavioral parent training protocol via telecommunication for three parents of preschool children with autism, with limited access to behavioral expertise. A single-subject, multiple baseline experimental design across child behaviors, replicated across parents, was used to evaluate the effects of the training protocol. Dependent measures were collected via telecommunication for most assessments and included parent and child responses during naturalistic play. During intervention, the parents were taught methods to increase their child’s sociocommunicative behavior. All targeted skills increased during intervention. The increase was maintained with two families and some generalization to other settings occurred. The results indicate that training via telecommunication is a viable approach for rural families with low speed Internet connection. Continued development and refinement of telehealth training methods is discussed in context of technological challenges and procedures that fit telecoaching for rural families.

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OKANDEJI, ALEXANDER, FRANK ONAIFO, MATHEW OLAJIDE, AYODEJI OKUBANJO i HEZEKIAH FASANYA. "ANALYSIS OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION PATH LOSS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES". Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 26, nr 4 (8.01.2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v26i4.238.

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In this work, a cheaper alternative method of determining path loss using Network cell info lite software is proposed. Hata-Okumura model is used in the determination of path loss and signal strength of mobile communication devices within Ibogun and Ifo, a suburban community in Ogun state, Nigeria. Additionally, this paper is also aimed at determining the path loss under transmission line to ensure proper network planning in areas covered by transmission lines. Result obtained shows that areas with pylons have greater path loss compared to areas with no pylons. It is recommended that the power levels of base station operating in this area should be increased.

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Thoresen, Carol. "Early Career Support Program: Telecommunication Mentoring for Rural Teachers". Journal of Science Teacher Education 8, nr 4 (listopad 1997): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1009499001426.

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Lee, Heeseok, Yong Shi, Sufi M. Nazem, Sung Yeol Kang, Tae Ho Park i Myung Ho Sohn. "Multicriteria hub decision making for rural area telecommunication networks". European Journal of Operational Research 133, nr 3 (wrzesień 2001): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00191-0.

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Bushy, Angeline. "RURAL WOMEN". Nursing Clinics of North America 28, nr 1 (marzec 1993): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02847-x.

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M.K. "Rural Women". Americas 44, nr 4 (kwiecień 1988): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500074630.

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Kyaw, Kay Thwe, Thomas Flagiello, Alec Levine i Joel Salinas. "ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND LONELINESS WITH FRAILTY AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1.11.2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1020.

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Abstract Observational studies suggest psychosocial factors such as social support and loneliness are associated with vulnerability for frailty in older adults, but less is known about the generalizability of these putative psychosocial mechanisms in underrepresented groups. Thus, we evaluated whether better telecommunication social support and lower levels of loneliness were associated with decreased frailty and increased functional ability using a unique longitudinal cohort of rural South African older adults. We conducted generalized estimating equation and robust regression analyses using cross-sectional data from 347 participants in the HAALSI (Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa) Dementia Cohort. Social support via telecommunication and self-reported loneliness were measured using standard assessments and modeled as exposure variables. Outcomes were frailty (measured using Fried’s frailty phenotype) and functional status (measured by instrumental activities of daily living, IADLs). Lower level of telecommunication social support was associated with higher impairment in ability to perform IADLs. This association persisted after additional adjustments for depression (beta -0.007, 95 % CI -0.016, 0.001) and vascular risk factors (beta -0.012, 95 % CI -0.020, 0.003). No associations were observed in relating telecommunication social support and loneliness with frailty. Among rural South African Black older adults, lower telecommunication-based social support was associated with greater risk of impairment in functional ability. Although further validation is required for possible reverse causality, our findings suggest that future intervention studies focused on promoting telecommunication-based social support to preserve independent functioning may be merited.

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Peng Ying, Mo Ling i Xu Congxiang. "Can 3G Benefit Chinese Farmer? A Fieldwork on Rural Telecommunication". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON Advances in Information Sciences and Service Sciences 5, nr 2 (31.01.2013): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/aiss.vol5.issue2.18.

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DALY, ANNE. "TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES IN RURAL AND REMOTE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA". Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 21, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2002.tb00307.x.

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Melody, William, i Jon Moore. "Converging Infrastructures: Telecommunication Synergies in the US Rural Electricity Sector". Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 2, nr 1 (marzec 2007): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/178359170100200105.

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Nkopane, Mpolai. "Empowering Rural Women". Agenda, nr 28 (1996): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065769.

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Zondo, Ntomb'futhi. "Rural Women Pessimistic". Agenda, nr 26 (1995): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065915.

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Beaver, Patricia D., Hou Lihui i Wang Xue. "Rural Chinese Women". Modern China 21, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 205–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009770049502100203.

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Butler, Sandra S. "Older rural women". Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 9, nr 1 (wrzesień 1993): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00013614-199309000-00009.

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Sherr, Michael E., i Felix C. Blumhardt. "Rural Elderly Women". Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 6, nr 4 (grudzień 2002): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j137v06n04_03.

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Sylvia, Eldonna, Chrysanne Grund, Kim S. Kimminau, Arshia Ahmed, Joshua M. Marr i Tana Cooper. "Rural women leaders". Journal of Leadership Studies 4, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jls.20174.

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Mohanta, Saroj Kumar, Abhishek Mishra i Satya Dash. "Understanding the Rural Consumer's Behaviour in the Context of his Ecosystem: A Telecommunication Perspective". International Journal of Market Research 54, nr 5 (wrzesień 2012): 603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-54-5-603-612.

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Rural markets have always been a challenge for market researchers. Conventional tools applicable in urban areas are not directly adaptable in the rural setting. With the emergence of rural markets in terms of brand awareness, and the shift from nominal decision-making process to a more extensive decision-making process, more innovative research tools are required to capture data about rural consumers in a more effective way. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is one tool that does precisely that. The tool itself, however, has evolved over time and has recently caught the attention of rural market researchers for commercial projects. The tool has so far been limited to application by NGOs for the implementation of either government projects or donor NGO-funded initiatives. This paper strives to highlight the evolution of PRA as well as its interpretation by MART (India's leading rural market research firm) in terms of one commercial project undertaken for a telecom player.

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Ojong, Nathanael. "Gender, the state, and informal self-employment". International Journal of Social Economics 44, nr 11 (6.11.2017): 1456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2016-0095.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the intersection of formality, informality, structures of power, gender, and social norms in the mobile telecommunication industry in Cameroon, and to investigate the reasons for the over-representation of informal self-employed women at the base of the mobile telecommunication industry in the country. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study using interviews and observations. Findings Cameroon’s mobile telecommunication industry is a “spaghetti bowl” where formality, informality, gender, structures of power, and social norms are intertwined. In Cameroon’s mobile telecommunication industry, there is no static division between formality and informality, rather, there is a connection between formality and informality to ensure the unity and totality of the airtime credit distribution system. Self-employment in the mobile telecommunication industry is gendered. Originality/value Analysing the intersection of gender, class, formality, informality, social norms, and structures of power in the functioning of the mobile telecommunication industry in the Cameroon is original.

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Ramírez, Ricardo, i Don Richardson. "Measuring the impact of telecommunication services on rural and remote communities". Telecommunications Policy 29, nr 4 (maj 2005): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2004.05.015.

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Roman, Luis M., Ante Salcedo i Miguel Alonso Vilchis. "Multilayer, locality aware, telecommunication network deployment algorithm". Law, State and Telecommunications Review 11, nr 1 (20.05.2019): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v11i1.24854.

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Purpose – In this paper we propose an iterative approach for the deployment of rural telecommunication networks. Methodology/approach/design – This approach relies heavily on the concept of locality, prioritizing small ‘cells’ with a considerable population density, and exploits the natural nesting of the distribution of rural communities, focusing in communities which are populous enough to justify the investment required to provide them with connectivity, and whose sheer size promotes the formation of ‘satellite’ communities that could be benefited from the initial investment at a marginal expense. For this approach, the concept of ‘cells’ is paramount, which are constructed iteratively based on the contour of a Voronoi tessellation centered on the community of interest. Once the focal community has been ‘connected’ with network of the previous layer, the process is repeated with less populous communities at each stage until a coverage threshold has been reached. One of the main contributions of this methodology is that it makes every calculation based on ‘street distance’ instead of Euclidean, giving a more realistic approximate of the length of the network and hence the amount of the investment. To test our results, we ran our experiments on two segregated communities in one of the most complicated terrains, due to the mountain chains, in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Findings – The results suggest that the use of ‘street distance’ and a local approach leads to the deployment of a remarkably different network than the standard methodology would imply. Practical implications – The results of this paper might lead to a significant reduction in the costs associated with these kinds of projects and therefore make the democratization of connectivity a reality. In order to make our results reproducible, we make all our code open and publicly available on GitHub.

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Bouras, Christos, Konstantinos Antonis, Georgios Diles, Vasileios Kokkinos i Leonidas Loukopoulos. "Economic Broadband Development through Infrastructure Sharing". International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 10, nr 4 (październik 2014): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2014100102.

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Broadband is a public utility with positive effects on competitiveness, employment and growth. Although evidence shows that broadband development is increasing, this increment is not homogeneous between urban and rural areas. The main factor is the high cost for deploying next generation networks in rural areas, and especially the cost linked to civil engineering works. In order to overcome the investment challenges arising in the context of broadband deployment, the European Commission made mandatory the sharing of existing telecommunication and non-telecommunication infrastructures and facilities. This manuscript proposes and presents a novel tool that enables the estimation of the expected savings from exploiting existing infrastructures when deploying a broadband network. This is followed by a number of general principles and recommendations that policy makers and national authorities could embrace to diminish deployment costs and promote broadband deployment.

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Masoom, Muhammad Rehan. "Grameenphone Faces Problem in Rural Economy – A Case Study". Ushus - Journal of Business Management 14, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.33.5.

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Telecommunication industry is one of the most dynamic and vibrant sectors, especially for the developing nations that have a huge population. However, unlike the developed nations, the infrastructure and the political scenario of the developing countries, indeed, posits various challenges.The expansion of multinational businesses requires becoming aware of not only the cultural differences, but the governances with proper emphasize. The case study deals with the recent SIM Tax issues and underlines the prospect of Mobile Operators‟ in the rural economy of Bangladesh

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Msoffe, Grace E. P., i Edda Tandi Lwoga. "Contribution of mobile phones in expanding human capabilities in selected rural districts of Tanzania". Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 68, nr 6/7 (2.09.2019): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-10-2018-0084.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the use of mobile phones in enhancing human capabilities and agricultural development among small-scale farmers in selected rural districts of Tanzania. The study assessed the potential capabilities acquired by farmers, factors that influence farmers in building their capabilities and achieving development outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The study used Sen’s capability approach as a guiding framework to investigate the link between mobile phones and agricultural development. A case study design was employed whereby focus group discussions were used to collect data. Findings The use of mobile phone services enabled rural farmers to build their financial, human and social capabilities. Rural farmers faced personal and non-personal conversion factors that influenced them in building capabilities and achieving development outcomes. The use of mobile phones led to various development outcomes. The typical development outcomes were related to access to information and communication services and reduction of transport costs. Rural farmers experienced family conflicts due to protectiveness exercised by couples through the use of mobile phones, criminal incidences such as theft and the fear of being recorded when making a phone call. Originality/value The study findings have the potential of influencing policy and practice. The findings are useful in promoting the value of mobile phones usage in empowering rural farmers and communities. The telecommunication sector and other key stakeholders can use the study findings in setting the basis for prioritising the improvement of telecommunication infrastructure in the rural areas.

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Friedman, Michelle. "Rural Women Moving Ahead". Agenda, nr 20 (1994): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065877.

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OHE, Yasuo. "Rural Tourism and Women:". JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 37, nr 1 (30.06.2018): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.37.29.

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Bushy, Angeline. "Women in rural environments". Holistic Nursing Practice 8, nr 4 (lipiec 1994): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004650-199407000-00009.

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Bellamy, Liz, K. D. M. Snell i Tom Williamson. "Women and Rural History". Rural History 5, nr 2 (październik 1994): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300000625.

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This is a special issue on Women and Rural History — a subject which needs no editorial justification. It represents, especially for agricultural history, an enormous breadth of historical experience that has been sadly neglected over many decades. In commissioning and then reading the work produced for this issue, we became ever more convinced that there are huge areas of debate and research, into questions at the heart of rural history, that involve detailed consideration of the lives of women. Brief perusal of the contents list for this issue gives some sense of the potential for enlarged work. The history of rural life in any country could be dramatically rewritten with a greater focus on women, and the way such history could be written – the subjects that could be highlighted, and the approaches taken towards them – could be highly innovative in historiographical terms.

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Shepard, Melanie F., i Annelies K. Hagemeister. "Perspectives of Rural Women". Affilia 28, nr 2 (maj 2013): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109913490469.

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Evans, Janis E. "Rural Women in Struggle". Community Development Journal 22, nr 2 (1987): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/22.2.167.

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Cheng, Danyang. "Vulnerabilities of rural women". Nature Climate Change 13, nr 8 (sierpień 2023): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01767-5.

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Pande, Nilima, i Pradnya Deshmukh. "ICT: A Path towards Rural Empowerment through Telecommunication, Egovernance, and E-Agriculture". IBMRD's Journal of Management & Research 4, nr 2 (1.09.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17697/ibmrd/2015/v4i2/76772.

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Ipsen, Catherine, Bethany Rigles, Nancy Arnold i Tom Seekins. "Access to, Use of, and Attitudes Toward Telecommunication Among Rural VR Clients". Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 56, nr 3 (10.12.2012): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355212466270.

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Guðmundsdóttir, Kristín, Zuilma Gabriela Sigurðardóttir i Shahla Ala'i-Rosales. "Evaluation of caregiver training via telecommunication for rural Icelandic children with autism." Behavioral Development Bulletin 22, nr 1 (kwiecień 2017): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bdb0000040.

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Shin, Dong Hee. "The development of community telecommunication infrastructure: An evaluation of rural telecommunications project". International Journal of Information Management 28, nr 4 (sierpień 2008): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2008.02.003.

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