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1
Dufhues, Thomas Bernhard. "Accessing rural finance the rural financial market in Northern Vietnam /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-1815.
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Nguyen, Hoang Kim, i Amanda Weichbrodt. "Rural tourism in Vietnam : Value co-creation possibilities within rural tourism". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160197.
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Background: Customers’ easy access to information and communications technology has increased the pressure for firms to deliver good experiences within tourism. This is due to that customers can now easily compare tourism services between different firms online. The quality of experiences is affected by good service delivery that can be improved by several actors within a service ecosystem. Furthermore, service delivery leads to value co-creation between all the actors that are involved. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how firms can create good experiences via service ecosystems and how they can co-create value with local service providers. Methodology: The study follows a qualitative research approach. Findings are based on an embedded case study consisting of interviews, observation participation and information from secondary sources such as official documents and documents from the case firm. Findings: Travel firm scan create good experiences by having an organisational culture and structure that increases commitment within the organization and service ecosystem. This can be achieved by aligning organisational goals with the goals of the actors within the service ecosystem. Furthermore, experiences can be improved by technology since it allows for smoother communication within the ecosystem. Good experiences can lead to brand value, which can result in positive electronic word of mouth and more customers. More customers increase economic value within the service ecosystem, which can increase the standard of living for local service providers. In addition, service ecosystems can yield intangible value from social and environmental aspects.
3
Minh, Hoang Van. "Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in rural Vietnam". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine Folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-779.
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Hang, Hoang Minh. "Epidemiology of unintentional injuries in rural Vietnam". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-322.
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Ha, Viet Hung Buppha Sirirassamee. "Rural-urban migration and fertility in Vietnam /". Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd420/4838140.pdf.
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Nguyen, Cuong. "Rural credit and household consumption : evidence from Vietnam". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2057.
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This thesis is a contribution to the research literature of the Vietnamese rural credit market during 1990s. The data' used is from the Vietnam Living Standard Surveys carried out in 1992/93 and 1997/98, providing both cross-sectional and panel data. The thesis consists of four main chapters. Chapter 2 provides an overview ofthe rural credit markets. We find a big expansion of the formal credit sector over years but financial system remains largely underdeveloped with a dual structure in which formal and informal sectors exist side by side. Chapter 3 is a study assessing determinant factors of household's credit participation formal and informal credit markets. We contribute to the literature as the first research attempts to estimate the credit demand and the credit supply functions separately. We are also the pioneer in applying the bivariate probit model with partial observability in empirical study using data from Vietnam. The empirical analysis in the Chapter 4 highlights the determinant factors of credit amount obtained. We find that poor rural households who seem to borrow most often are not those who borrow the largest loan size. The last chapter aims to assess the impact of formal credit on household consumption. To address problem of selection bias, we employ instrumental variable method. We show that on average each percent increased in household's formal credit per capita would lead to 0.26 percent increased in consumption per capita. Our results draw some important policy implications. First, even though formal credit network continues to expand greatly to ,cover most rural areas, there is a question on the outreach and flexibility of credit services because rationing remains as a serious problem for rural households. Credit institutions should develop a better screening system, e.g. credit scoring system, to reduce collateral requirement which actually considered as one of the most obstacles of the formal credit access. Land regulations and fixed asset legal entitlement should also be reviewed together with improvement of administration procedure to enable households to use their property as collateral if required. In addition, increased demand for credit implies more investment opportunities. Hence, government should continue to improve the economic infrastructure to facilitate agricultural product trade market, provide better health and education system to maintain this demand.
7
Sumrit, Arpaporn. "Engendering trade liberalization : rural women and the rice sector in Vietnam". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610056.
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Ha, Thi Kim Anh. "Spontaneous rural to urban migration and its link to rural development in Vietnam". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0028/MQ33843.pdf.
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Dufhues, Thomas [Verfasser]. "Accessing rural finance : the rural financial market in Northern Vietnam / by Thomas Dufhues". Halle (Saale) : IAMO, 2007. http://d-nb.info/997687347/34.
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Lam, Minh Chau. "Predict the unpredictable : rural experiences of late-socialist marketisation in northern Vietnam". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709414.
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Linde-Rahr, Martin. "Household economics of agriculture and forestry in rural Vietnam /". Göteborg : Dept. of Economics [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Univ, 2002. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/data/html/html/PDF/LindeRahrdissNEpdf.pdf.
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Nguyen, Loc Duc [Verfasser]. "Migration and rural development in Vietnam / Loc Duc Nguyen". Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2015. http://d-nb.info/107109291X/34.
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Johansson, Annika. "Dreams and dilemmas : women and family planning in rural Vietnam /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3311-1/.
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Henin, Bernard Henry. "Transformation of Vietnam's upland farming societies under market reform". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/NQ40455.pdf.
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Pham, Huong Dien [Verfasser]. "Culture, knowledge and risks : insights from rural Vietnam / Huong Dien Pham". Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172414394/34.
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Quach, Manh Hao. "Access to finance and poverty reduction : an application to rural Vietnam". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/111/.
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Providing access to finance to the poor has been proposed as a tool for economic development and poverty reduction. Our research aims to provide a deep analysis of how to enhance access to finance on a sustainable basis, focussing on rural Vietnam. It analyzes four main areas: (i) why access to financial markets by low-income households is severely constrained; (ii) how policy makers deal with the absence of financial markets for the poor; (iii) who are actually excluded from formal financial system; and (iv) the relationship between access to finance and poverty reduction. It is demonstrated that market imperfections (such as asymmetric information and transaction costs) can explain the lack of access for the poor. However, the development of financial technologies, such as joint-liability group lending or lending through partnership with social/information intermediaries may enhance information availability and reduce transaction costs. The poverty reduction approach that many policy makers have been following has failed to generate finance for the poor on a sustainable basis. We suggest that a mixed approach which combines the poverty reduction with financial systems approach (i.e. recognises a balance between social and financial goals) may be appropriate. This proposition is supported by empirical evidence from rural Vietnam where it is shown that the poverty reduction approach that the government has followed has not enabled financial institutions to achieve financial-self-sufficiency and this has reduced the outreach capacity. Moreover, we find that under the poverty reduction approach, the better-off households, rather than the very poor households, are more likely to gain access to formal financial sector. We also find that having access to finance has a positive impact on poverty reduction; but this impact is very small, suggesting that it may not be cost-effective.
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Ha, Viet Hung Kusol Soonthorndhada. "Women's groups and family planning in rural Vietnam, a case study /". Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-HaVietHung.pdf.
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Orchard, Steven Emmerson. "Exploring adaptive capacity in mangrove social-ecological systems of rural Vietnam". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9302/.
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Households highly dependent on mangroves for their livelihoods may face disproportionate burdens from mangrove loss and degradation, reducing their capacity respond to other changes. Livelihoods and social networks are vital components of adaptive capacity, and are shaped by institutional structures and processes at multiple governance levels. This research explores the distribution, recognition and procedural components of environmental justice in relation to adaptive capacity in mangrove social-ecological systems. Integrating livelihood, social network and institutional approaches, it draws on quantitative household surveys, and qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus groups, from three sites in northern Vietnam. Livelihood analysis reveals that high aquaculture activity is associated with uneven distribution of adaptive capacity. Female-headed households with high livelihood diversity, low income and less secure tenure rights face increasingly restricted access to mangrove goods and services. Social network analysis indicates that high levels of aquaculture are associated with lower adaptive capacity through the fragmentation of mangrove dependent communities, demonstrating that female-headed households are less recognised within mangrove management and decision making. Institutional and policy analysis illustrate that procedures reinforce the concentration of power and wealth among local elites, reducing mangrove entitlements and communities’ capabilities to participate in mangrove management. Multiple uses of mangroves in community livelihoods must be recognised in policies and projects, alongside the impacts of aquaculture on the most disadvantaged. The balance of network ties in mangrove governance network structures should be supported, allowing recognition of all groups in mangrove management and decision making. Finally, local governments should be more downwardly accountable to the communities they represent, through more transparent and democratic processes. Mangrove governance requires careful consideration of: the definition of community, gender issues, power relations, and the ability of communities to reorganise in response to change, if the already vulnerable, who contribute least to degradation, are not to be unduly burdened.
19
Nguyen, Thuy Linh. "Engaging ethnic minorities in rural water supply project planning in Vietnam". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207247/1/Thuy%20Linh_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.
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This research developed a theoretical framework to better understand the role and influence of social capital in ethnic minority communities, and elucidated how the social capital can promote community participation through social capital changes. In doing so, the research has laid a foundation for better engagement for ethnic minority population using social capital with a view to achieving better project planning and success of rural water supply projects in the developing country context and beyond.
20
Huong, Dao Lan. "Mortality in transitional Vietnam". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-878.
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Toan, Dang Ngoc. "Participation and development : a case study of a rural water supply and sanitation project in Daklak province, Vietnam /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18710.pdf.
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Duong, Dat Van. "Factors that influence the utilization of maternity services and breastfeeding practices in rural Vietnam". Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1710.
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The overall objective of this thesis is to investigate factors that influence the utilization of maternal services, infant feeding and postpartum contraception practices in rural Vietnam. Field studies were carried out in a rural district of Thanh Hoa, a province located in North Central Vietnam. Willingness-to-pay for maternal preferences was measured in a sample of 200 postpartum and 196 pregnant women, as well as 196 men using the payment card technique. An association was found between satisfaction with the quality of maternal services and willingness-to-pay. There were no significant differences in willingness-to-pay values between prenatal and postpartum groups, and between male and female subjects. The feasibility, reliability and validity of a 20-item scale for measuring perceived quality of maternal services provided at commune health centres, were examined based on a sample of 200 postpartum and 196 pregnant women. The instrument was found to have good inter-rater reliability and internal consistency. Maternal status of clients (prenatal vs. postnatal) was found to influence the perceived quality of maternal services. Determinants of the utilization of maternal services at the primary health care level were investigated in a sample of 200 postpartum women together with sixteen focus group discussions and 16 in-depth interviews. The results showed that client-perceived quality of services and socio-cultural, and economic factors, rather than geographical access, could affect the utilization of maternal services. Factors affecting infant feeding practices were measured in a longitudinal study of 463 women at weeks one, 16 and 24 postpartum. Within the first week after delivery, the initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates were relatively high at 98.3% and 83.6% respectively, but the premature introduction of complementary food was a great concern.Exclusive breastfeeding dropped from 83.6% at week one to 43.6% at week 16, and by week 24, no infant was exclusively breastfed. Home-cooked solid food was introduced by 4.8%, 40.9% and 74.3% at weeks one, 16 and 24, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that, together with socio-cultural determinants, factors related to the mother, such as education level and occupation, and infant related factors could influence the initiation and exclusive breastfeeding within six months postpartum. The practice of contraceptive use within six months postpartum was also examined in a prospective study of 463 postpartum women. The proportion of contraceptive users at weeks 16 and 24 were 17.4% and 43.4% respectively. At week 24, of contraceptive users, 57.3% used IUD, 25.1% used condom, and 13.6% used traditional methods. Logistic regression analysis found age, sufficient knowledge on contraceptives and husband/partner opinion can significantly affect the contraception decision. The results of the study indicated that good physical access does not necessarily increase the utilization of maternal services due to institutional, environment and individual barriers. Client-perceived quality of services, socio-cultural and economic factors are important determinants of the utilization of maternal services. In view of the observed low rates of exclusive breastfeeding and contraception, there is a risk of unwanted pregnancy for women within six months postpartum. To improve maternal and child health status, health workers need to be trained in terms of inter-personal communication and counselling skills, and be appropriately supervised by district health authorities. Mobilizing the participation of the community and family, especially men to share the workload with women, would play a crucial role in the improvement of childbirth, contraception and breastfeeding practice.
23
Dao, Thi Hoang Mai. "Le développement des capabilités sociales des pauvres comme moyen d'accession à l'économie de marché : le cas des communautés rurales au Vietnam". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS021S.
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Au cours des dernières années, la réduction de la pauvreté est devenue une préoccupation majeure du gouvernement vietnamien. En 2002, une stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté et de promotion de la croissance a été mise en œuvre et a connu des résultats significatifs. Pourtant, on constate que la réduction de la pauvreté s'avère de plus en plus difficile. Les données statistiques montrent que la pauvreté au Vietnam est associée aux espaces ruraux et donc aux ménages producteurs agricoles. Le Vietnam est actuellement dans une phase de transition passant d'une économie planifiée vers une économie de marché. Le remplacement d'un système d'autoconsommation par un système de production guidé par le marché est au cœur de la réforme. Si l'importance du marché est aujourd'hui largement reconnue, c'est parce que celui-ci favorise l'accroissement des revenus, de la richesse et ainsi des opportunités pour les individus. La liberté de transaction économique est un puissant moteur de la croissance. En conséquence, l'intégration aux marchés peut bénéficier à la population pauvre en lui fournissant plus d'opportunités pour améliorer ses conditions de vie. A travers une étude de cas, ce travail de recherche tente d'analyser la situation d'accession des ménages producteurs agricoles aux différents marchés, du point de vue du renforcement des capabilités. La recherche met également l'accent sur les institutions, dans leur rôle de favorisation et d'amélioration de l'accès des ménages aux marchés, à travers la mise en œuvre d'actions collectives particulièresPoverty reduction is always one of the first aspirations of the Vietnamese government. Since 1992, Vietnamese government has promulgated a comprehensive strategy in economic development and poverty reduction. Efforts on economic growth of Vietnam are considered as a target for the poor (UNDP, 2005). However, people who have left poverty may also return to it because the distance between the poor and the non-poor is narrow. Many of them do not have a regular income and savings. Thus, it is necessary to reduce the poverty not only in quantitative terms but also in qualitative ones. A majority of the poor in Vietnam lives in rural areas. So, there is a strong connection between poverty reduction and agriculture. Vietnam is presently in the context of a transition from a subsidized economy to a market economy. The transition from a system of self-subsidize production to a system that produces for the market is the main objective of agriculture and rural development. Some studies showed that many households in Vietnam, especially in the Northern areas do not participate to the market. A majority of these households is constituted of poor producers. There are many difficulties that prevent poor people from participating in the market, such as the lack of capital, technology or information. In other words, they do not have enough capabilities. This research examines the role of social and collective capabilities among the poor to improve their access to the market. It also tries to answer to the question of how to reinforce these capabilities by analyzing the intermediary role of social institutions in order to encourage the participation of the poor in the market
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Mausch, Kai. "Poverty, inequality and the non-farm economy : the case of rural Vietnam". Hannover Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001026667/34.
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Nguyen, Xuan Thanh. "The injury poverty trap in rural Vietnam : causes, consequences and possible solutions". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-627.
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Ha, Thuc Vien. "Land reform and rural livelihoods : an examination from the uplands of Vietnam /". Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989319954/04.
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Cameron, Susannah. "An examination of the use of Rapid Rural Appraisal methods for the evaluation of development projects in rural Vietnam". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24450.pdf.
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Luibrand, Annette. "Transition in Vietnam : impact of the rural reform process on an ethnic minority /". Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/353822787.pdf.
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Chichaibelu, Bezawit Beyene [Verfasser]. "The dynamics of rural households debt in Thailand and Vietnam / Bezawit Beyene Chichaibelu". Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1143735943/34.
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Hoang, Lan Anh. "Social structures and the ability to choose: migration decision-making in rural Vietnam". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490602.
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This thesis aims to enhance understanding about gender and migration through its empirical investigation into decision-making processes about labour migration within rural households in Vietnam. It emphasises that migration is a gendered process shaped by social norms and structures. It will demonstrate that choices migrants and their households make during the migratory process reflect not only their gender identities and social positionings but also the household and community contexts they come from. The study adopts a multi-level approach that focuses on both agency and social structures as enabling and constraining forces of human actions in the decision-making process. At the individual level, it investigates how different forms of social identity shape one's ability to choose and the kind of choices s/he makes. Social identities structure men and women's perceptions of rights, obligations and legitimate behaviour and hence the way they choose to act in decision-making about migration. Going beyond the individual level, the research examines how intra-household dynamics, particularly the gendered division of labour and decision-making mechanism, as well as social norms and relations influence the way individuals and households strategise their migration. A village community in the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam, where out-migration from rural areas is an important livelihood strategy for rural households and has been predicted to be more important in the coming years, has been chosen as a case study. Although both quantitative and qualitative data was collected and used for analyses, the research draws primarily on narratives of a randomly selected sample of migrants, nonmigrants and their household members. Research findings will enhance the evidence base for policy making and provide important theoretical and methodological insights for future research in the field.
31
Combs, Arthur. "Rural economic development as a nation building strategy in South Vietnam, 1968-1972". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2859/.
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Besemer, Kirsten Laurisse. "Rural livelihoods and inequality under trade liberalisation : a case study of southern Vietnam". Thesis, University of Chester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/253692.
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The purpose of this mixed-methods case study research is to discover how, in relation to trade liberalisation in Vietnam's Mekong Delta, intangible assets affect livelihood outcomes of the ethnic majority Kinh and the ethnic minority Khmer people. Methods used include a random survey of 150 ethnic majority (Kinh) rice farmers combined with focus group data from Khmer ethnic minority people. Data shows that lack of access to information about the changing economic circumstances generated by trade reform has caused farmers to take sub-optimal decisions about the diversification of their crops. The economic outcomes on Khmer farmers have also been negatively affected by a lack of information, compounded by rigid gender roles, lack of education, discrimination, language problems and isolation from the majority ethnic group. These factors have contributed considerably to the negative outcomes of liberalisation, including loss of land, and have impeded people's ability to make use of emerging opportunities, including better access to markets and new ways of making a livelihood. This research shows that intangible assets interact with trade liberalisation to exacerbate existing inequalities.
33
Pham, Thi Minh Uyen. "Le développement des zones rurales face à l'expropriation des terres : une approche par l'intelligence territoriale. Étude du cas vietnamien". Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0016.
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Le Vietnam connait un développement économique qui s’accompagne d’un phénomène d’expropriation des terres. Dans ce contexte, la puissance publique joue un rôle important de cadrage et d’accompagnement. Cette thèse s’intéresse à la délicate question de la mesure de l’impact de l’expropriation des terres sur le développement rural au Vietnam. L’étude se situe dans une logique d’intelligence territoriale. Elle consiste à mieux comprendre les réseaux d’acteurs (paysans, planificateur, investisseur), parties prenantes dans les logiques d’expropriation ainsi que les interactions entre variables (sociales, économiques, politiques) engagées dans le développement des zones rurales. L’approche est systémique. Elle cherche à rende compte de la complexité des interactions entre facteurs, aux jeux de pouvoirs et à l’asymétrie informationnelle entre acteurs. L’approche mobilise l’analyse structurelle qui comporte des outils dont l’objet est de clarifier le rôle des principaux acteurs et facteurs du territoire et leur influence sur le développement du territoire. Le travail s’appuie sur une étude de terrain de six mois qui a mobilisé un pluralisme méthodologique combinant approche quantitative par questionnaire et qualitative alimentant les matrices prospectives de l’analyse structurelle. Le travail de terrain a été difficile à réaliser en raison du caractère sensible du sujet. Il a porté sur deux districts ruraux du Nord et du sud Vietnam. Les résultats montrent que l’expropriation des terres, loin d’améliorer la situation des zones rurales, est un véritable choc dont les plus fragiles ont du mal à se remettre. L’asymétrie entre les acteurs du territoire, le déficit de communication entre les acteurs du territoire ont pu conduire à des conflits sociaux. Cette étude suggère d’établir des canaux de communication efficaces et montre que la clé est l’éducation des habitants des zones ruralesUrban bias and rural industrialization are considered as two essential trends of rural development. In these processes, rural areas face with many problems such as the rural livelihood, the problems of economy and society. It creates which the controversy of how to develop rural areas and what is really suitable trend for rural development. This thesis contributes to the analysis of rural development against the land expropriation with the case study in Viet Nam. It analyses two main areas: (i) How does the land expropriation influence the rural development; (ii) what are the roles of major factors and actors that have influence on the development of rural areas. The study is based on six months of fieldwork during which both quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used. The research design combined the analysis of policy reform and policy performance, the scenarios of interaction between main actors/elements in the territory to highlight their influences on the rural development in the land expropriation process in two districts, the North of Viet Nam. The outstanding methods are Micmac method and Mactor method that are applied for the first time in research about rural development in Viet Nam.Fieldwork findings provide new and detailed evidences to support the view that the land expropriation for urban bias (urbanization) failed to spur rural economy and improve rural livelihood, contrary to what is argued in most of the literature and the planner’s view. They indicate that the land expropriation for urbanization may change quickly “the face” of rural areas such as modern infrastructure, high GDP, however the rural livelihood does not ensure in both capabilities, assets and activities required for means of living in the short term and long term. We found that the poor farmers were beggared gradually and they had lack of the assistants to cope and recover from the big shock in the land expropriation process. Thus, they led the increase of social conflicts. The survey showed that the main reason of social conflict in two villages are the limitation of policy, the unbalanced power between actors in the territory (use Mactor method) and the lack of efficient communication forum to exchange the actors’ needs. From above failures, it is vital to establish the efficient communication channels or program for actors in the development process and reform the policy by increasing the right of rural people who have the least power in the system. This study also proves that now the key asset to support rural livelihood is education instead of rice land as in the past. Finally, through the Micmac method, the thesis identifies the factor system and classifies the strongest power macro variables which influence the rural development into three groups: the variables of policy, the group of variables belonging to expression of urbanization and industrialization process, the group of variables with revolution characteristics. They are fundamental to suggest building the sustainable development strategy for rural areas
34
Pham, Manh-Cuong. "Land-use change in the Northwestern Uplands of Vietnam : empirical evidence from spatial econometric models and geo-referenced analyses and policy implications for sustainable rural development /". Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014975946&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Duong, Dat Van. "Factors that influence the utilization of maternity services and breastfeeding practices in rural Vietnam". Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16762.
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The overall objective of this thesis is to investigate factors that influence the utilization of maternal services, infant feeding and postpartum contraception practices in rural Vietnam. Field studies were carried out in a rural district of Thanh Hoa, a province located in North Central Vietnam. Willingness-to-pay for maternal preferences was measured in a sample of 200 postpartum and 196 pregnant women, as well as 196 men using the payment card technique. An association was found between satisfaction with the quality of maternal services and willingness-to-pay. There were no significant differences in willingness-to-pay values between prenatal and postpartum groups, and between male and female subjects. The feasibility, reliability and validity of a 20-item scale for measuring perceived quality of maternal services provided at commune health centres, were examined based on a sample of 200 postpartum and 196 pregnant women. The instrument was found to have good inter-rater reliability and internal consistency. Maternal status of clients (prenatal vs. postnatal) was found to influence the perceived quality of maternal services. Determinants of the utilization of maternal services at the primary health care level were investigated in a sample of 200 postpartum women together with sixteen focus group discussions and 16 in-depth interviews. The results showed that client-perceived quality of services and socio-cultural, and economic factors, rather than geographical access, could affect the utilization of maternal services. Factors affecting infant feeding practices were measured in a longitudinal study of 463 women at weeks one, 16 and 24 postpartum. Within the first week after delivery, the initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates were relatively high at 98.3% and 83.6% respectively, but the premature introduction of complementary food was a great concern.Exclusive breastfeeding dropped from 83.6% at week one to 43.6% at week 16, and by week 24, no infant was exclusively breastfed. Home-cooked solid food was introduced by 4.8%, 40.9% and 74.3% at weeks one, 16 and 24, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that, together with socio-cultural determinants, factors related to the mother, such as education level and occupation, and infant related factors could influence the initiation and exclusive breastfeeding within six months postpartum. The practice of contraceptive use within six months postpartum was also examined in a prospective study of 463 postpartum women. The proportion of contraceptive users at weeks 16 and 24 were 17.4% and 43.4% respectively. At week 24, of contraceptive users, 57.3% used IUD, 25.1% used condom, and 13.6% used traditional methods. Logistic regression analysis found age, sufficient knowledge on contraceptives and husband/partner opinion can significantly affect the contraception decision. The results of the study indicated that good physical access does not necessarily increase the utilization of maternal services due to institutional, environment and individual barriers. Client-perceived quality of services, socio-cultural and economic factors are important determinants of the utilization of maternal services. In view of the observed low rates of exclusive breastfeeding and contraception, there is a risk of unwanted pregnancy for women within six months postpartum. To improve maternal and child health status, health workers need to be trained in terms of inter-personal communication and counselling skills, and be appropriately supervised by district health authorities. Mobilizing the participation of the community and family, especially men to share the workload with women, would play a crucial role in the improvement of childbirth, contraception and breastfeeding practice.
36
Huy, Tran Quang. "Mortality in rural Vietnam : validity of routine reporting and experiences from a surveillance system /". Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-217-0/.
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Van, Hoi Le. "Health for community dwelling older people : trends, inequalities, needs and care in rural Vietnam". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47467.
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Background InVietnam, the proportion of people aged 60 and above has increased rapidly in recent decades. The majority live in rural areas where socioeconomic status is more disadvantaged than in urban areas.Vietnam’s economic status is improving but disparities in income and living conditions are widening between groups and regions. A consistent and emerging danger of communicable diseases and an increase of non-communicable diseases exist concurrently. The emigration of young people and the impact of other socioeconomic changes leave more elderly on their own and with less family support. Introduction of user fees and development of a private sector improve the coverage and quality of health care but increase household health expenditures and inequalities in health care. Life expectancy at birth has increased, but not much is known about changes during old age. There is a lack of evidence, particularly in rural settings, about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people within the context of socioeconomic changes and health-sector reform. Knowledge of long-term elderly care needs in the community and the relevant models are still limited. To provide evidence for developing new policies and models of care, this thesis aimed to assess general health status, health care needs, and perspectives on future health care options for community-dwelling older people. Methods An abridged life table was used to estimate cohort life expectancies at old age from longitudinal data collected by FilaBavi DSS during 1999-2006. This covered 7,668 people aged 60 and above with 43,272 person-years. A 2007 cross-sectional survey was conducted among people aged 60 and over living in 2,240 households that were randomly selected from the FilaBavi DSS. Interviews used a structured questionnaire to assess HRQoL, daily care needs, and willingness to use and to pay for models of care. Participant and household socioeconomic characteristics were extracted from the 2007 DSS re-census. Differences in life expectancy are examined by socioeconomic factors. The EQ-5D index is calculated based on the time trade-off tariff. Distributions of study subjects by study variables are described with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate analyses are performed to identify socioeconomic determinants of HRQoL, need of support, ADL index, and willingness to use and pay for models of care. In addition, four focus group discussions with the elderly, their household members, and community association representatives were conducted to explore perspectives on the use of services by applying content analysis. Results Life expectancy at age 60 increased by approximately one year from 1999-2002 to 2003-2006, but tended to decrease in the most vulnerable groups. There is a wide gap in life expectancy by poverty status and living arrangement. The sex gap in life expectancy is consistent across all socioeconomic groups and is wider among the more disadvantaged populations. The EQ-5D index at old age is 0.876. Younger age groups, position as household head, working, literacy, and belonging to better wealth quintiles are determinants of higher HRQoL. Ageing has a primary influence on HRQoL that is mainly due to reduction in physical (rather than mental) functions. Being a household head and working at old age are advantageous for attaining better HRQoL in physical rather than psychological terms. Economic conditions affect HRQoL through sensory rather than physical functions. Long-term living conditions are more likely to affect HRQoL than short-term economic conditions. Dependence in instrumental or intellectual activities of daily living (ADLs) is more common than in basic ADLs. People who need complete help are fewer than those who need some help in almost all ADLs. Over two-fifths of people who needed help received enough support in all ADL dimensions. Children and grand-children are confirmed to be the main caregivers. Presence of chronic illness, age groups, sex, educational level, marital status, household membership, working status, household size, living arrangement, residential area, household wealth, and poverty status are determinants of the need for care. Use of mobile teams is the most requested service; the fewest respondents intend to use a nursing centre. Households expect to use services for their elderly to a greater extent than did the elderly themselves. Willingness to use services decreases when potential fees increase. The proportion of respondents who require free services is 2 to 3 times higher than those willing to pay full cost. Households are willing to pay more for day care and nursing centres than are the elderly. The elderly are more willing to pay for mobile teams than are their households. ADL index, age group, sex, literacy, marital status, living arrangement, head of household status, living area, working status, poverty and household wealth are factors related to willingness to use services. Conclusions There is a trend of increasing life expectancy at older ages in ruralVietnam. Inequalities in life expectancy exist between socioeconomic groups. HRQoL at old age is at a high level, but varies substantially according to socioeconomic factors. An unmet need of daily care for older people remains. Family is the main source of support for care. Need for care is in more demand among disadvantaged groups. Development of a social network for community-based long-term elderly care is needed. The network should focus on instrumental and intellectual ADLs rather than basic ADLs. Home-based care is more essential than institutionalized care. Community-based elderly care will be used and partly paid for if it is provided by the government or associations. The determinants of elderly health and care needs should be addressed by appropriate social and health policies with greater targeting of the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. Building capacity for health professionals and informal caregivers, as well as support for the most vulnerable elderly groups, is essential for providing and assessing the services.Aging and Living Conditions Program
Vietnam-Sweden Collaborative Program in Health, SIDA/Sarec
38
Mausch, Kai [Verfasser]. "Poverty, inequality and the non-farm economy : the case of rural Vietnam / Kai Mausch". Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001026667/34.
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Pham, Hong Nga. "Flood risk assessment focusing on intangible vulnerability for rural floodplain area in Central Vietnam". Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244499.
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Szydlowski, Rachael A. "Expansion of the Vietnamese Handicraft Industry: From Local to Global". Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1218497546.
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Khe, Nguyen Duy. "Socioeconomic differences in a rural district in Vietnam : effects on health and use of health services /". Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-984-6/.
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Nguyen, Trung Hung [Verfasser], Diez Javier [Gutachter] Revilla i Üwe [Gutachter] Blien. "Rural Non-Farm Sector and Labor Market in Rural Vietnam: Trends and Determinants / Trung Hung Nguyen ; Gutachter: Javier Revilla Diez, Üwe Blien". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112226237X/34.
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Ha, Thuc Vien [Verfasser]. "Land Reform and Rural Livelihoods : An Examination from the Uplands of Vietnam / Thuc Vien Ha". Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1164341731/34.
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Peláez, Tortosa Antonio J. "State-society relations and grassroots democracy in rural Vietnam : institutional adaptation and limited gramscian hegemony". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3778/.
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Do, Thi Thuy Nga. "Assessing and improving rational antimicrobial use in urban and rural health care facilities in Vietnam". Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/48946/.
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The global problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is particularly pressing in developing countries including Vietnam, where the infectious disease burden is high and cost constrains the replacement of older antimicrobials with newer, more expensive ones. Along with surveillance and infection control, responsible use of antimicrobials is one of the main objectives of the Vietnam National Action Plan on combating AMR. This thesis aims to get a better understanding of how antimicrobials are used in the Vietnamese community and how its use can be improved, to tailor evidence-based interventions and inform policies in controlling AMR. To assess the current situation of community access and use of antimicrobials and identify determinants associated with current practice, an observational study was conducted in 30 private pharmacies in northern Vietnam. This study was followed by a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a point of care (POC) C-reactive protein (CRP, a biomarker of inflammation) test in reducing unnecessary antimicrobial prescribing for patients with non-severe acute respiratory infections (ARI) and analysis of the economic impact and acceptance of this intervention among users. In private pharmacies, profit incentives coupled to poor knowledge about AMR are key drivers of over the counter dispensing of antimicrobials regardless the existence of regulations. Using a simple rapid blood test to identify customers who do not benefit from antimicrobial therapy would be a potential solution. Primary healthcare stations where over-prescription of antimicrobials for self-limiting infections are common, were chosen for the intervention. CRP POC testing reduced unnecessary AB use for ARI patients without compromising patient’s recovery. This supports and extends findings from European trials by showing that such a stewardship approach is applicable even in resource constrained settings. However, there were several obstacles identified among users regarding test adherence associated with large between-site heterogeneity that need to be addressed to maximize the intervention’s effect in the future. More importantly, our cost analysis indicated that to encourage adoption at scale, proper funding mechanisms to balance the invested costs and achieve global impact on AMR is recommended. In summary, antimicrobial use in Vietnam is largely uncontrolled both in the community and the healthcare system leading to overuse and over-prescription for non-severe ARI. Use of commercially available CRP tests can be an effective, scalable and economically viable approach, even in highly resource-constrained settings. For the future, we are looking at ways to optimise use of POC biomarker testing in primary healthcare and private pharmacy setting. The potential for biomarker based tests to be combined with rapid pathogen detection, enhancing test algorithm adherence, use of CRP tests with equal financial incentives as as selling of antimicrobials and introducing pay for performance mechanisms may be crucial parts for optimisation.
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Nguyen, Thi Thu Hien. "Consequences of urban migration of adult children for the elderly left-behind in rural Vietnam". Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/79165.
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Following market liberalisation in Vietnam, concern has been raised about the elderly ‘left behind’ by the urban migration of adult children from rural areas. This study used qualitative methods to examine the consequences for these elderly and the strategies they adopt to cope. It found overall positive outcomes for rural aged parents with migrant children, as long as at least one family member remained nearby. However, elderly with no remaining family members suffered more.
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Hahn, Celia. "Review of arsenic contamination and human exposure through water and food in rural areas in Vietnam". Doctoral thesis, Eigenverlag des Forums für Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e.V, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29429.
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The Red River Delta in Vietnam is one of the regions whose quaternary aquifers are polluted by arsenic. Chronic toxification by arsenic can cause severe illnesses such as cancer, skin lesions, developmental defects, cardiovascular and neurological diseas-es, and diabetes. In this study, a food processing craft village in the Red River Delta was investigated regarding the potential risk faced by the population due to arsenic. The potential sources of arsenic are the groundwater, the crops grown in the sur-roundings, and animal products from local husbandry. However, the occurrence of arsenic in nature is variable, and its bioavailability and toxicity depend very much on its specification: trivalent compounds are more toxic and often more mobile than pen-tavalent compounds, while inorganic species are generally more toxic than organic ones. Local conditions, such as the redox potential, strongly influence its specification and thus potential bioavailability.
The introduction to this work elucidates the key factors which potentially cause human exposure to arsenic: the geological setting of the study area, land and water use pat-terns, and the current state of research regarding the mobilization, bioavailability and plant uptake of arsenic.
Although the study area is located in a region where the groundwater is known to be moderately contaminated by arsenic, the level of arsenic in the groundwater in the village had not previously been determined. In this study, water use in the village was examined by a survey among the farmers and by water analyses, which are present-ed in the following chapters. Four main water sources (rain, river, tube well and a pub-lic municipal waterworks) are used for the different daily activities; the highest risk to human health was found to be the bore well water, which is pumped from the shallow Holocene aquifer. The water from the bore wells is commonly used for cleaning and washing as well as to feed the animals and for food processing. Products like noodles and rice wine were examined as well as local pork and poultry. Vegetables from the gardens and rice plants from the surrounding paddy fields were sampled and ana-lyzed. All plants were found to have accumulated arsenic, leafy vegetables showing the highest arsenic concentrations.
The results are discussed and compared, and conclusions are drawn in the last part. The reducing conditions in the paddy fields are likely to have a strong influence on arsenic uptake in rice plants and on transport to the aquifer. The installation of a wastewater treatment plant under the research project INHAND, which was funded by the BMBF German Ministry of Education and Research, led to lower arsenic concen-trations in the groundwater.
Soaring industrialization, the growing population, and the consumers’ changing behav-ior will widely affect land and water use and hence the potential mobilization of arse-nic. In order to mitigate further human exposure to arsenic, wastewater needs to be treated and the reducing conditions in the rice fields need to be decreased by means of enhanced cultivation methods.:Abstract III
Zusammenfassung V
Acknowledgements VII
Contents IX
List of abbreviations XIII
List of tables XVII
1 Scope of this work 1
2 Introduction 2
2.1 Geographical and geological setting of the study area 2
2.2 Hydrological situation 5
2.2.1 Surface water 5
2.2.2 Impact of human activities on surface water quality and distribution 6
2.2.3 Hydrogeology 7
2.3 Arsenic occurrence 7
2.3.1 Arsenic toxicity 8
2.3.2 Risk potential of arsenic in diet 10
2.4 Arsenic contamination in the groundwater resources of the Red River Delta 11
2.4.1 Occurrence and origin of arsenic in the Red River Delta 12
2.4.2 Mobilization processes 13
2.4.3 As mobilization in paddy fields 15
2.5 Arsenic occurrence in daily rural activities 16
2.5.1 Arsenic in soil 17
2.5.2 Arsenic in drinking water 19
2.5.3 Phytoaccumulation: Current state of research 20
2.5.4 Bioavailablity 22
2.5.5 Arsenic uptake in rice plants 23
2.5.6 Arsenic in meat and animal products 26
2.5.7 Arsenic uptake in golden apple snails 27
2.5.8 Processing: Wine and noodles 28
2.5.9 Arsenic concentrations in wastewater, activated sludge and digestate 29
2.6 Iron and manganese in the nutrient chain 30
2.7 Land and water use in the Red River Delta 31
2.7.1 Historical and political aspects of rural development in Vietnam 33
2.7.2 Craft villages in the Red River Delta 34
3 Materials and methods 36
3.1 Soil sample analyses 36
3.2 Well sampling 37
3.3 Wastewater and sludge analyses 37
3.4 Food analyses 38
3.5 Site visit and field observations 39
3.6 Questionnaire 39
4 Results 40
4.1 Soil samples 40
4.1.1 Total arsenic and total heavy metal concentrations 40
4.1.2 Sequential fractionation procedure 41
4.2 Arsenic in the water cycle in Dai Lam 43
4.2.1 Groundwater analyses 43
4.2.2 Water use in Dai Lam 47
4.2.3 Wastewater in Dai Lam 50
4.3 Arsenic in sewage sludge 51
4.4 Arsenic in manure samples 52
4.5 Arsenic in food samples 52
4.5.1 Rice 52
4.5.2 Arsenic in leaf vegetables 53
4.5.3 Arsenic in poultry products 56
4.5.4 Arsenic in pork samples 57
4.5.5 Arsenic in snails 57
4.6 Economic and demographic development potential 58
5 Discussion 61
5.1 Soil samples 61
5.2 Groundwater samples 62
5.2.1 High arsenic concentrations 62
5.2.2 Strong temporal and spatial variation 63
5.2.3 Weak correlation between measured parameters 69
5.3 Wastewater and sewage sludge 70
5.4 Pig manure 71
5.5 Daily exposure to As from dietary intake 71
5.6 Effects of land and water use on water quality and public health 76
5.7 Against the background of the transition economy 77
6 Conclusion 80
7 Perspectives (further work) 85
8 References 86
9 Annex 110
48
Hahn, Celia. "Review of arsenic contamination and human exposure through water and food in rural areas in Vietnam". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-201053.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Red River Delta in Vietnam is one of the regions whose quaternary aquifers are polluted by arsenic. Chronic toxification by arsenic can cause severe illnesses such as cancer, skin lesions, developmental defects, cardiovascular and neurological diseas-es, and diabetes. In this study, a food processing craft village in the Red River Delta was investigated regarding the potential risk faced by the population due to arsenic. The potential sources of arsenic are the groundwater, the crops grown in the sur-roundings, and animal products from local husbandry. However, the occurrence of arsenic in nature is variable, and its bioavailability and toxicity depend very much on its specification: trivalent compounds are more toxic and often more mobile than pen-tavalent compounds, while inorganic species are generally more toxic than organic ones. Local conditions, such as the redox potential, strongly influence its specification and thus potential bioavailability.
The introduction to this work elucidates the key factors which potentially cause human exposure to arsenic: the geological setting of the study area, land and water use pat-terns, and the current state of research regarding the mobilization, bioavailability and plant uptake of arsenic.
Although the study area is located in a region where the groundwater is known to be moderately contaminated by arsenic, the level of arsenic in the groundwater in the village had not previously been determined. In this study, water use in the village was examined by a survey among the farmers and by water analyses, which are present-ed in the following chapters. Four main water sources (rain, river, tube well and a pub-lic municipal waterworks) are used for the different daily activities; the highest risk to human health was found to be the bore well water, which is pumped from the shallow Holocene aquifer. The water from the bore wells is commonly used for cleaning and washing as well as to feed the animals and for food processing. Products like noodles and rice wine were examined as well as local pork and poultry. Vegetables from the gardens and rice plants from the surrounding paddy fields were sampled and ana-lyzed. All plants were found to have accumulated arsenic, leafy vegetables showing the highest arsenic concentrations.
The results are discussed and compared, and conclusions are drawn in the last part. The reducing conditions in the paddy fields are likely to have a strong influence on arsenic uptake in rice plants and on transport to the aquifer. The installation of a wastewater treatment plant under the research project INHAND, which was funded by the BMBF German Ministry of Education and Research, led to lower arsenic concen-trations in the groundwater.
Soaring industrialization, the growing population, and the consumers’ changing behav-ior will widely affect land and water use and hence the potential mobilization of arse-nic. In order to mitigate further human exposure to arsenic, wastewater needs to be treated and the reducing conditions in the rice fields need to be decreased by means of enhanced cultivation methods.
49
Beckman, Malin. "Resilient society, vulnerable people : a study of disaster response and recovery from floods in central Vietnam /". Uppsala : Dept. of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/2006115.pdf.
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Giang, Kim Bao. "Assessing health problems : self-reported illness, mental distress, and alcohol problems in a rural district in Vietnam/". Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-776-6/.
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