Artykuły w czasopismach: „Rural poor – india”

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Shaik, Arif M. "Poor Rural Health System in India". Southern Medical Journal 100, nr 11 (listopad 2007): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/smj.0b013e318158bb9b.

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Mehta, Atul, i Joysankar Bhattacharya. "What Works Best for the Poor in Rural India". South Asia Economic Journal 18, nr 2 (wrzesień 2017): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561417713131.

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Financial sector development serves poor directly through poverty-lending approach or financial systems approach. Robinson (2001) questions the appropriateness of poverty-lending approach for the extremely poor and supports the financial systems approach for providing a poverty alleviation toolbox to serve the poor at various levels. The present study attempts to assess the effectiveness of the two lending approaches and comments on the appropriateness of the same for the poor and the poorest of the poor in rural India using state-wise annual data from 1999–2000 to 2011–2012. We conduct a panel data analysis for a sample of 15 major Indian states and provide an empirical evidence for the effect of various poverty alleviation tools on the poor and the poorest of the poor in rural India. The study partially supports the use of tools suggested by Robinson.

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Rajuladevi, A. K. "How Poor are Women in Rural India?" Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 2, nr 1 (lipiec 1992): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119920101.

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Teeli, Mr Showkat Ahmad, Dr Imran Mehraj Dar i Dr Bilal Ahmad Sheikh. "Financial Inclusion of Rural Poor in India". Journal of Corporate Finance Management and Banking System, nr 31 (6.12.2022): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jcfmbs.31.5.16.

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The banking industry has continued to use the buzzword "Financial Inclusion" over the past few years. The term is connected with expanding the spread of monetary administrations to the people who don't know about or who are not in that frame of mind to profit monetary administrations because of distant regions or absence of innovation and so forth. The recent reforms carried out in India are in line with the expansion and development of disadvantaged and poor groups. In this regard, PM Modi's slogan, "SABKA SAATH SABKA VIKAS," which aims for everyone's balanced development, is accurate. It won't be possible until corruption and the huge gap between the rich and the poor are reduced. Financial inclusion is about making financial services like banking and insurance available to everyone at reasonable prices. There are not many issues coming in that frame of mind of monetary consideration however it is certain that if some corrective measures are embraced by the specialists, then, at that point, monetary consideration can be accomplished in India without limit. In the end, this will accomplish the campaign's goal of inclusive growth and balanced development. Hence, in present study researcher had analyzed the secondary data from different sources and corresponding findings and suggestions are explained in finding and conclusion section.

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Gaiha, Raghav. "On the chronically poor in rural India". Journal of International Development 4, nr 3 (maj 1992): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3380040303.

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Deb, Surajit. "The Poor and the Migrant in India". Social Change 50, nr 4 (13.11.2020): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085720957831.

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The ninth part of the Social Change Indicators series gives an account of the poor and migrants in different states of India by focussing on the following aspects: Percentage of population belonging to the lowest two wealth quintiles, percentage of households (rural and urban) without any agricultural land, percentage composition of inter-state migration in India by source states, percentage composition of inter-state migration in India by destination states, per cent composition of employment as the reason for migration in inter-state out-migration of source states and the per cent unemployment rate (rural and urban) according to the usual status.

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Gaiha, Raghav, i Vani Kulkarni. "Panchayats, Communities, and the Rural Poor in India". Journal of Asian and African Studies 37, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 38–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700203.

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Hifdhi, Hefi Al, Achmad Nurmandi i Aulia Nur Kasiwi. "GOVERNMENT STRATEGY IN TACKLING POOR ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICE IN INDIA". PRAJA: Jurnal Ilmiah Pemerintahan 10, nr 2 (13.07.2022): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55678/prj.v10i2.662.

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Artikel ini membahas fasilitas kesehatan di pedesaan India. Permasalahan ini menarik untuk dikaji karena terdapat kesenjangan antara fasilitas kesehatan di kota dan desa, baik dari segi peralatan medis maupun sumber daya manusia yaitu tenaga kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebijakan Pemerintah India mengenai pemerataan akses dan fasilitas kesehatan di pedesaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan mengolah data melalui bibliografi VOSviewer untuk memberikan gambaran data grafis tentang bagaimana fasilitas kesehatan di pedesaan. Metode deskriptif kualitatif harus memperhatikan validasi data. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi data. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa menyediakan perawatan kesehatan yang efektif untuk penduduk pedesaan di seluruh negeri, yang telah berusaha untuk menutup kesenjangan antara fasilitas kesehatan di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Misi Kesehatan Pedesaan Nasional (NRHM) telah melaksanakan reformasi struktural yang signifikan untuk sistem kesehatan pedesaan, termasuk peningkatan ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, administrasi program, infrastruktur fisik, keterlibatan masyarakat, pendanaan perawatan kesehatan, dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Kata kunci: Kebijakan, Fasilitas Kesehatan, Pemerintah This article examines health facilities in rural India. This problem is interesting to study because there is a gap between health facilities in cities and villages, both in terms of medical equipment and human resources, namely health workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the Indian Government's policies regarding equitable access and health facilities in rural areas. This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis and processes data through the VOSviewer bibliography to provide an overview of graphic data on how health facilities in rural areas are. The qualitative descriptive method must pay attention to data validation. Therefore, this study used data triangulation. The findings of this study are that providing effective health care to rural populations across the country, that have attempted to close the gap between health facilities in both urban and rural areas. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) has implemented significant structural reforms to the rural health system, including enhancements to human resource availability, program administration, physical infrastructure, community engagement, health care funding, and information technology utilization. Keywords: Policy, Health Facility, Government

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Purohit, Brijesh C. "Demand for healthcare in India". Healthcare in Low-resource Settings 1, nr 1 (7.03.2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hls.2013.e7.

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In a developing country like India, allocation of scarce fiscal resources has to be based on a clear understanding of how investments in the heath sector are going to affect demand. Three aspects like overall healthcare demand, consumer decisions to use public and/or private care and role of price/quality influencing poor/rich consumer’s decisions are critical to assessing the equity implications of alternative policies. Our paper addresses these aspects through examining the pattern of healthcare demand in India. Data from the National Family Health Survey are used to model the healthcare choices that individuals make. We consider what these behavioral characteristics imply for public policy. This analysis aims to study disparities between rural and urban areas from all throughout India to five Indian states representing three levels of per capita incomes (all-India average, rich and poor). Results evidence that healthcare demand both in rural and urban areas is a commodity emerging as an essential need. Choices between public or private provider are guided by income and quality variables mainly with regard to public healthcare denoting thus a situation of very limited alternatives in terms of availing private providers. These results emphasize that existing public healthcare facilities do not serve the objective of providing care to the poor in a satisfactory manner in rural areas. Thus, any financing strategy to improve health system and reduce disparities across rich-poor states and rural-urban areas should also take into account not only overcoming inadequacy but also inefficiency in allocation and utilization of healthcare inputs.

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V, Chitra, i Swaranalatha R. "Rural entrepreneurship- challenges and opportunities in india". Journal of Management and Science 11, nr 4 (31.12.2021): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.11.50.

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Rural entrepreneurship has an important role to play in the development of Indian economy. Nearly 70 percent of the Indian population lives in rural India. Adequate funding and support can provide a thriving entrepreneur atmosphere in these communities. So far as it is known that rural India as compared to the mainstream population is economically poor, younger, more isolated geographically,isolated from the main markets, culturally imbedded in tradition, less dynamic economically and experiencing depopulation. In this paper an attempt have been made to discuss the key issues related to entrepreneurship and its opportunities and challenges in India. The analysis is then broadened to understand the determinants of rural entrepreneurship and the environment conducive to its development consequently, the policies that are necessary to make this environment favorable have been discussed in detail. The conclusion is that to accelerate economic development in rural areas, it is necessary to promote entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial orientation in rural areas is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and subsequent growth of indigenous companies in the country.

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Reddy, B. Ananda. "MGNREGA- A Programme for Inclusive Growth Among Rural Poor in India". International Journal of Scientific Research 2, nr 11 (1.06.2012): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/162.

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Sreenu, Nenavath. "A Study on Management of Health Care Infrastructure Development in Rural India: Critical analysis of current status and future challenges". Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 13, nr 3 (16.12.2018): i35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v13i3.123.

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The study has focused on the role of rural health infrastructure development in India. Currently the health infrastructure development of India is poor and it needs fundamental reforms to deal with new emerging challenges. The role of private providers is increasing but simultaneously healthcare facilities are becoming costly. The study surveys the present position of rural health care infrastructure growth, the development of infrastructure, health care facilities, position of human resource, and quality of service delivery. The paper suggests future challenges of Indian healthcare infrastructure development in rural area, as the burden of disease, financial deficiency in a large section of the population, vaccination policy and poor access to health care. Longevity, literacy and per capita income are further considerations.

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Fan, Shenggen, Ashok Gulati i Sukhadeo Thorat. "Investment, subsidies, and pro-poor growth in rural India". Agricultural Economics 39, nr 2 (wrzesień 2008): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00328.x.

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Pastakia, Astad. "Building Pro-poor Value Chains: Experiences from Rural India". Journal of Entrepreneurship 21, nr 2 (wrzesień 2012): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355712449410.

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Gaiha, Raghav, i Vani Kulkarni. "Policy reforms, institutions and the poor in rural India". Contemporary South Asia 8, nr 1 (marzec 1999): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584939908719853.

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Subramaniam, Mangala. "Grassroots groups and poor women’s empowerment in rural India". International Sociology 27, nr 1 (18.11.2011): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580911423044.

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Organizing grassroots groups, particularly among the deeply disadvantaged may require initial facilitation through a leader. This article suggests that such facilitative leadership will adopt a diffused form with increased participation and involvement of members in groups. Thereafter, members are less likely to rely on the facilitative leader for decision-making or collective action. Based on primary data from sanghas organized as grassroots groups through the Mahila Samakhya Karnataka (MSK) program in rural India, the article examines the effects of group characteristics; structure and leadership; and individual participation on the political-cultural empowerment of members. The analyses suggest that older bureaucratic grassroots groups are more likely to be empowering for women members. Members’ involvement in the process of creating, setting up and adopting rules and procedures is significant for change within the family and the community, particularly for the poor illiterate dalit women in this case.

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Sobiecki, Grzegorz. "INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR ICT UTILIZATION IN RURAL INDIA". Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 100, nr 4 (17.12.2013): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2013.100.4.57.

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Agriculture is one of the most important sectors in India, and could benefit tremendously with the applications of ICTs especially in bringing changes to socio-economic conditions of the poor in rural areas. Achieving these benefits requires proper institutions for ICT adoption and utilization. Therefore The current state of major Indian institutions (ICT and rural policies) using document analysis is evaluated against supporting progress in areas of the horizontal side of the “cube framework” in rural India. Major finding is that The Five Year Plans, National ICT and Telecom Policies are developing in the right direction and government initiatives are increasingly maturing, but may lack some specific solutions.

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Sreenu, Nenavath. "Healthcare infrastructure development in rural India: a critical analysis of its status and future challenges". British Journal of Healthcare Management 25, nr 12 (2.12.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2018.0072.

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At present, the development of healthcare infrastructure in India is poor and needs fundamental reforms in order to deal with emerging challenges. This study surveys the growth of the healthcare infrastructure. The development of infrastructure and health care facilities, the position of the workforce, and the quality of service delivery are important challenges that are confronting healthcare centres in rural India. This article critically analyses the future challenges of Indian healthcare infrastructure development in rural areas, discussing the burden of disease, widespread financial deficiency, the vaccination policy and poor access to health care as some of the main issues. Life expectancy, literacy and per capita income are further considerations.

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Shivnani, Tina. "Government Initiatives for development of Rural Economy in India: Benefits & Challenges (2014-2016)". GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 5, nr 1 (16.01.2017): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2017.5.1(9).

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Objective - In this paper, the researcher attempt to find out how many schemes for development have been launched by the Indian Government and the various benefits and challenges of adopting these schemes in rural India. The research paper focuses on whether the schemes have helped to connect rural people and whetherthey have been successful in fulfilling the basic needs of rural people. Methodology/Technique - The study reviews literature in the related area. Findings - The current government has already come up with so many social and financial alleviation schemes for the poor; however, the fate of those unfortunates still remains a concern. Novelty - The study attempts to provide insight to reforms of poverty in India. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Rural people, Indian Government Schemes, Rural Development, Challenges, Benefits from Schemes. JEL Classification: P25, P27.

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Mahendra Dev, S., M. H. Suryanarayana i Kirit S. Parikh. "Rural Poverty in India: Incidence, Issues and Policies". Asian Development Review 10, nr 01 (styczeń 1992): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110592000022.

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India accounts for about 14 per cent of the world’s population and about 25 per cent of that of developing countries. The number of the poor in India was about 420 million in 1985 and now represents about 38 per cent of the poor in developing countries. India has been trying to reduce poverty by adopting economic planning for growth with redistribution of income in the framework of a mixed economy…

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Adhikari, Anup, i Shyamali Bera. "Blood pressure trait in rural Bengal- impact of hard labour, poor economic condition and poor diet". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, nr 4 (25.03.2022): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220851.

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Background: The aim of the present study was to observe the blood pressure trait of male population of rural Bengal, India as a part of community work. Physical characteristics and blood pressure of 699 adult male from a rural area of West Bengal, India were studied. Participants were from poor socioeconomic status, who do hard different manual works on the field for earning to feed their families for survival.Methods: Blood pressure was measured with manual sphygmomanometer in the morning. Physical characteristics were measured for predicting nutritional status in terms of BMI.Results: Nutritional status of 85% male villagers was either underweight or normal. Only 4.6 % were obese. Most of villagers possessed either optimal or normal blood pressure. Very few had hypertension. More than 99% of male villagers were without hypertension. Calorie intake of the villager were nominal due to poverty but had to work hard for economic survival. Nominal intake of calories along with hard labour might be the reason behind optimal or normal blood pressure.Conclusions: It could be concluded that survival efforts of the rural people make them less hypertensive.

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Naschold, Felix. "“The Poor Stay Poor”: Household Asset Poverty Traps in Rural Semi-Arid India". World Development 40, nr 10 (październik 2012): 2033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.006.

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Roy, Shantanu De, i Mampi Bose. "COVID-19 Crisis and Some Contours of the Rural Labour Market in India". Indian Economic Journal 69, nr 3 (3.06.2021): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662211023833.

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Indian labour markets are segmented based on caste, gender groups, region, types of workers and types of contractual arrangements. An important feature of the labour markets in India, notwithstanding intersectionalities across segments, is greater access to high-quality work with social security benefits to the privileged sections of the society as compared to the socially oppressed sections, including women. The latter dominate in low-quality, less stable and insecure work in the informal sector.The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures have increased the vulnerability of the informal workers, including the migrant workers. The article analyses the features of rural and urban labour markets, prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, that had contributed to vulnerability of the workforce. The analysis was based on the National Statistical Office ( NSO, 2020 )—Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) database of 2018–2019, NSSO (2014)—Report of the Situation of Agricultural Households in India, NSSO (2014)—Employment and Unemployment Survey, Labour Bureau, and the Economic Survey of India. It also analyses the impacts of the pandemic on the rural labour market based on the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) database. Our analysis reveals that the rural labour market in India was more adversely affected by the lockdown measures than the urban counterpart. In the rural areas, there was collapse of non-farm employment and increased participation in agricultural work was largely an outcome of distress. Furthermore, reverse migration of workers had led to sharp decline in remittances, particularly in the eastern Indian states that are largely agrarian and poor. The article advocates policy initiatives that include expansion of the rural employment programmes for providing relief to the poor and working population in India.

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Mehta, Atul, i Joysankar Bhattacharya. "Channels of financial sector development and rural-urban consumption inequality in India". International Journal of Social Economics 44, nr 12 (4.12.2017): 1973–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2015-0117.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct (microcredit), medium-direct (bank credit), and indirect (through economic growth) effect of financial sector development (FSD) on rural-urban consumption inequality (RUCI) in India using state-wise annual data from 1999-2000 to 2011-2012. Design/methodology/approach A panel data analysis for a sample of 15 major Indian states using the generalized method of moments estimators provides an empirical evidence for the direct (microcredit), medium-direct (bank credit), and indirect (economic growth) effect of FSD on RUCI. Findings FSD is pro-urban in India resulting in a declining rural-urban consumption ratio (RUCR) and increasing RUCI. The negative effect of FSD on RUCR is greatest through the medium-direct channel followed by the indirect and direct channels. Research limitations/implications The study questions the social banking initiatives of the government in rural areas where more than 80 percent of the poor reside. There is a need for restructuring financial inclusion programs with a shift in their focus on rural areas and an improved mechanism to target the poor. Originality/value The paper proposes that formal financial services by banks are primarily availed by non-poor and urban population and hence acts as a medium-direct channel whereas the semi-formal financial services by microfinance institutions specifically target the rural poor and act as a direct channel to affect the poor. It is the first ever study to use state-wise data on microcredit disbursed under Self-help Group Bank Linkage Program to assess the direct impact of FSD on RUCI.

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Poddar, Moumita. "Regional Inequalities of Land associated to Health Facilities in Rural India". Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, nr 2 (30.06.2014): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i2.808.

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Rural population is often considered as a homogeneous population. The wide diversity among rural population is often ignored when health related issues are considered. The study emphasizes that heterogeneous composition of rural population leads to improper implementation of rural health facilities, which in turn leads to poor health conditions. It is argued that wide divergences in rural sector should be understood to roll out any such policy for the rural sector in particular. This paper attempts to show how heterogeneity in rural population affects the health status. The burden of disease and its effects are disproportionately seen in the poor, with a clear gradient in illness and morbidity. The most affected are the poor and vulnerable section of the population. The privileged section in rural society is termed as â€˜Rural eliteâ€™. Attempts have been made to define rural elites in terms of ownership of better facilities and endowments (like land). It is argued that the elites enjoy health facilities and have better health conditions. On the contrary, health status of rural poor is abysmal. The objective of the study is to explore the disparities between these two groups and examine how these disparities affect health conditions. The study reveals that the incidence of selective diseases is much lower in the case of rural elites. Despite progress in improving access to health care, inequalities by socioeconomic status continue to persist.

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Ray, Sougata. "Challenges and changes in Indian rural credit market: a review". Agricultural Finance Review 79, nr 3 (3.06.2019): 338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-07-2018-0054.

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Purpose Post-independence, the rural credit market in India has undergone significant structural changes in order to enhance the availability and efficient use of credit. The purpose of this paper is to understand the challenges and changes in the Indian rural credit market in the post-independence period. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the All India Debt and Investment Survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation of the Government of India from 1971–1972 to 2012 and Reserve Bank of India in 1951–1952 and 1961–1962, the study focuses on three important aspect of rural credit market, i.e. the availability, sources and uses of credit. The analysis is based on both the national and state level data and uses the decadal growth rates to explain the changes in the rural credit market. Findings Availability of credit, in terms of volume and number of households indebted, has increased substantially. However, the sharp rise in outstanding debt is a matter of concern. The share of credit from institutional agencies has seen a continuous decline post liberalisation. The non-institutional agencies, particularly the professional moneylenders, continue to be the most preferred sources of credit owing to their flexible nature of operation. Interesting, microfinance has emerged as a major source of credit particularly for the poor rural households. The rise in credit usage for non-income generating activities amongst poor households is another important concern. Originality/value The study highlights some of the most important features and characteristics associated with the Indian rural credit market. An understanding of these issues would provide valuable insight for shaping the future policy responses.

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Bhat, Meghashyam, Sreevidya Bhat, Kaye Frances Roberts-Thomson i Loc Giang Do. "Self-Rated Oral Health and Associated Factors among an Adult Population in Rural India—An Epidemiological Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 12 (13.06.2021): 6414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126414.

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Background: To determine the perception of oral health status and its associated factors among adults living in rural areas in Karnataka state, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in the age group of 35–54 years old residing in villages in a southern state in India. The main outcome measure was poor self-rated oral health (SROH) among adults in rural India. Results: About 873 adults participated in the study. The prevalence of poor SROH was 15.2%. Adults of age 40–44 years, females, those in lower socioeconomic conditions, and those with high caries experience (DMFT ≥ 4) and periodontal disease were associated with poor SROH. Those who had visited a dentist in the previous one year were 1.9 times more likely to report poor oral health. Conclusions: Nearly 15% of rural people reported poor oral health. Socioeconomic conditions, sex, age, smoking, and dental visiting were associated with poor SROH. People’s perception of poor oral health was associated with severe periodontitis and DMFT ≥ 4. A dose–response relationship was observed between experience with dental caries and poor SROH.

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Barrientos Q., Paola A., Niels-Hugo Blunch i Nabanita Datta Gupta. "Income Convergence and the Flow Out of Poverty in Rural India". Indian Economic Journal 66, nr 1-2 (marzec 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466218810035.

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This article explores the income growth and poverty of rural Indian households, 1994–2005. The estimation strategy consists, first, of a convergence analysis to examine whether poor households are catching up in terms of income, which is then followed by a transition analysis to examine whether poor households are more likely to exit poverty than to remain poor—that is, to essentially test for whether poverty traps are escapable. The identification strategy explicitly addresses issues pertaining to the potential endogeneity and measurement error of initial income and poverty. We find evidence of both income convergence and poverty persistence, but with a higher probability of exiting poverty than of the remaining poor. This suggests that poverty traps, though existent, are not entrapping in rural India. The key variables driving these results are education, occupation and asset ownership. Finally, we discuss the policy implications and provide directions for future research in this area. JEL Codes: I32, J15, O15, O18, O47, Z12, Z13

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Gaiha, Raghav, P. D. Kaushik i Vani Kulkarni. "Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Panchayats, and the Rural Poor in India". Asian Survey 38, nr 10 (1.10.1998): 928–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2645644.

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Iyengar, Shreekant, i Ravindra H. Dholakia. "Access of the Rural Poor to Primary Healthcare in India". Review of Market Integration 4, nr 1 (kwiecień 2012): 71–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492921200400103.

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Gaiha, Raghav. "Do Anti-poverty Programmes Reach the Rural Poor in India?" Oxford Development Studies 28, nr 1 (luty 2000): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713688307.

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Gaiha, Raghav, P. D. Kaushik i Vani Kulkarni. "Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Panchayats, and the Rural Poor in India". Asian Survey 38, nr 10 (październik 1998): 928–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1998.38.10.01p0391b.

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Gaiha, Raghav. "Inequality, earnings and participation among the poor in rural India". Journal of Development Studies 23, nr 4 (lipiec 1987): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388708422045.

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Gaiha, Raghav. "Are the Chronically Poor Also the Poorest in Rural India?" Development and Change 20, nr 2 (kwiecień 1989): 295–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1989.tb00349.x.

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Patidar, Hemant, i Satheesh Chothodi. "Livelihood Diversification in Rural India". Space and Culture, India 9, nr 3 (30.11.2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v9i3.1206.

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This study aims to ascertain the level of livelihood diversification and examines the socio-economic contexts of livelihood diversification in rural India. Employing data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS-II), 2011-12, an Inverse Herfindhal-Harschman Diversity Index (IHHDI) was calculated incorporating eleven income sources (livelihood strategies). In addition, the contribution of each strategy in households’ total income has been calculated. Furthermore, binary logistic regression was applied to predict the households’ engagement in each livelihood strategy and the likelihood of high IHHDI. Results indicate that the higher livelihood diversifications were found among the households with large size, high dependency, lower social groups, low educated, landless, marginal and small farming, and economically poor. This study also highlights the significance of diversification strategies in raising households’ income. It is suggested that broadened policy support is required to promote diversification for economic development in rural India.

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Pati, Rakesh Kumar, i Niharika Garud. "SELCO: lighting rural India". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, nr 3 (1.07.2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111183519.

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Subject area Social entrepreneurship, Sustainability and Human Resource. Study level/applicability The case study is relevant for students of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. This case can be used as a case in strategy (growth strategy), marketing and innovation subjects as well. Case overview The case study revolves around Mr Harish Hande and his efforts to build a for–profit social enterprise Solar Electric Light Company (SELCO) to provide electricity to poor and under–served. Harish focused on providing cheap, clean and sustainable energy sources to rural customers at bottom of the pyramid of the society. From the conception of SELCO, Harish has been on a roller–coaster ride of success and failure. Harish has used the problems as a learning ground and improved his business model successfully. But, when Harish tried to scale his operations in 2005–2006 he failed miserably. Some errors in the decision coupled with external pressure had brought SELCO to a verge of collapse. Owing to the determination of Harish and his team, SELCO was able to revive from the difficult times to generate profits again. Harish now again wants to expand but this time he would not take any chances. He wants to analyze and discuss every possible issue, he might face during his expansion plans. Expected learning outcomes The key learning aspects of this case is to understand importance and practice of talent management. The case also highlights the best practices that SELCO uses to reach its clients and provide them complete solution. Supplementary materials Teaching note.

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Auerbach, Adam Michael, i Gabrielle Kruks-Wisner. "The Geography of Citizenship Practice: How the Poor Engage the State in Rural and Urban India". Perspectives on Politics 18, nr 4 (13.03.2020): 1118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592720000043.

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When and why do poor citizens expect the state to respond to their claims, and how do those expectations shape citizenship practice? Drawing on survey and qualitative research in northern India, our study reveals an expectations gap that complicates widely held views of the urban core versus the rural periphery. The urban poor residing in slums are dramatically less likely to believe that they will get a direct response from an official compared to similarly poor rural residents. Slum residents are also significantly more likely than villagers to report the presence of political brokers, who create mediated channels for claim-making. Reflecting on these patterns, we develop a place-based theory to explain sub-national variation in citizen-state engagement. We focus in the northern Indian context on three interrelated factors that shape the local terrain for citizenship practice: the greater visibility of social welfare provision in villages compared to slums; the greater depth of rural decentralization; and the greater strength of urban party organizations. Extending beyond northern India, we propose an analytical framework for the study of citizenship that examines how citizens’ local experiences of state institutions influence sub-national patterns of participation.

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Shende, Vaibhavi, i Vasant Wagh. "Poor Oral Health among Elderly Patients in Rural India: An Overview". Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 18, nr 4 (2023): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_397_23.

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Abstract In the world, India ranks number 1 in the list of population. According to the World Health Organization, Global Oral Health Status Report (2022), oral disease affects 3.5 billion people. The purpose of doing the study is to know about the oral condition of the rural people. After doing studies, it is observed that there is a lack of knowledge, low level of awareness, motivation among people, and involvement of government. There are several oral health-care systems in India such as governmental and nongovernmental organizations and private practitioners. Poor dental hygiene leads to tooth decay, bad breath, periodontal diseases, gum diseases, loosening of teeth, clicking of jaws, and ulcers. Moreover, if these problems remain untreated, they may lead to some systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, endocarditis, pregnancy complications, diabetes, kidney disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, it is very important to resolve these problems and special attention should be provided. This study will provide a clearer view of the challenges for rural people in India.

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Muktiar, Pinku, i Chandan Kumar Sharma. "In Search of a Better Future: Nepali Rural Out-migration from Assam". Sociological Bulletin 68, nr 3 (grudzień 2019): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022919876407.

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The last two decades have witnessed an unprecedented rural out-migration from northeast Indian states, especially Assam, to other parts of India. Thousands of poor rural youths from the region have migrated to the more prosperous parts of India in search of livelihood, mostly as unskilled labour in the informal sector. While rural out-migration has not been a new phenomenon in Assam, such out-migration in the past was mostly confined to the state. Although the immigrant groups in Assam pioneered this new trend of out-migration, subsequently, the indigenous communities also followed suit. This paper explicates the interplay of historical forces that have contributed to this phenomenon and its impact on Assam’s rural social landscape through an empirical study conducted among the Nepali community, an erstwhile immigrant community in Assam.

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Kushwaha, Ashwini Kumar. "Scope and Utility of Ayurveda in Rural and Primary Health Care". International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, nr 05 (2022): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.5528.

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The population of India is 1.38 billion, of which 65.07% live in rural areas. Health care injustice is a universal phenomenon in rural India and the condition of rural and primary health care in India remains unsatisfactory even after 75 years of independence. Modern health facilities are very poor in rural areas and about 65% of the population lives in rural areas, using Ayurveda and medicinal plants as their primary health care needs. The holisticapproach of Ayurveda can provide most of the health services in rural India from its own resources such as preventive and promotive health care. Non-pharmacological remedies of Ayurveda like Sadvrittaand Swasthyavritta, Achara Rasayana and Yogaand the use of kitchen spices and common medicinal plants available in rural areas are better alternatives to primary health care in rural areas.

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Ghosh, Madhusudan. "Infrastructure and Development in Rural India". Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 11, nr 3 (sierpień 2017): 256–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801017703499.

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This article evaluates rural infrastructure facilities in 16 major states of India, and examines their impacts on some income and non-income dimensions of rural development. Despite several public initiatives for infrastructure development in rural India, facilities continue to be poor and progress has been mostly unsatisfactory with differential performance across states. Estimates of regression coefficients of the composite indices and individual indicators of rural infrastructure reveal that improved physical and social infrastructure and livelihood opportunities enhance agricultural productivity and output, improve literacy and life expectancy, and reduce poverty and infant mortality. The results, showing the relative importance of various infrastructures, suggest that the government should prioritise additional investments in electricity, roads, irrigation, housing and telecommunications to enhance overall well-being. JEL Classification: H54, O15, O18, Q19

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Chakravarty, Debalina, i Joyashree Roy. "Solar Microgrids in Rural India". Ecology, Economy and Society–the INSEE Journal 4, nr 2 (31.07.2021): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37773/ees.v4i2.140.

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This study evaluates the benefits that rural households in India derive from dedicated solar microgrid service systems. A case study was conducted in Lakshmipura-Jharla, Rajasthan, a village in western India with significant potential for producing solar energy. In 2013, a private investor set up a solar microgrid in the village and distributed energy-efficient appliances. Its goal was to give poor households access to modern energy services. The study data were collected through a survey conducted among randomly selected households in the village. The survey found that such an electricity provision service had multidimensional benefits: flexible use of the energy service, more effective time allocation among women, more study time for students, improved indoor air quality, and safer public places. Given the initial unmet demand for modern energy in the village, technological interventions supported by policy has helped to expand consumption possibilities and new demand for services has emerged. The household-level frontier rebound effect is estimated to be more than 100%, reflecting a one-and-a-half times increase in the demand for illumination services among rural households. Frontier rebound effect estimates help quantify the benefits of solar microgrids and energy-efficient appliances for households in rural areas...

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Siddiqui, Rehana. "Bernhard Glaeser. Housing, Sustainable Development and the Rural Poor. A Case Study of Tamil Nadu. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1989. 432 Pages. Hardbound, Indian Rs 465.00." Pakistan Development Review 36, nr 3 (1.09.1997): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i3pp.293-295.

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Shelter is the most pressing need of the present times. Strategies to satisfy this need are urgently needed, particularly for the rural poor. Since eighty percent of the Indian population lives in the rural areas, the author tries to identify their demand for better houses and the required improvements in construction technology in rural India. This study is the result of a joint project of two institutes, i.e., Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (Social Science Research Centre, Berlin) (WZB), based on a survey conducted in Tamil Nadu, India. The majority of the rural population covered by this study are landless labourers. The survey covered 300 households in 20 selected villages where 71 percent of the respondents were living in traditional katcha houses made of mud, bamboo, and palm leaves. The study concentrates on the poorest strata of rural society and collects information about socioeconomic properties such as income, occupation, education, energy, and water sources used by the respondents. The respondents were asked during the survey to reveal the household preferences for more living space, privacy, ownership, and availability of public services like piped water, electricity, sewerage system, etc. The analysis is based on 291 (out of 300) questionnaires (households schedule).

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Jia, Peiwen. "Public Intervention on Rural Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study Between China and India". Journal of Soft Computing and Decision Analytics 1, nr 1 (17.09.2023): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/jscda11202318.

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This paper decision analyctics the evolution of pro-poor development and research on pro-poor practices in China and India, taking rural poverty alleviation in both countries as an example. The research perspective is cast more towards the policy target groups and rural societies to gain a deeper understanding of the institutional and systemic factors that influence the choice and implementation of pro-poor policies, as well as the logic and interrelationships among different actors in the policy implementation network. The final conclusion is that the government should enter more into the life world of the poor, listen to their voices, understand at what level and to what extent their lives are affected by the implementation of pro-poor policies, and how the informal institutions of the vernacular society interact with the formal institutions in the process of policy implementation. This series of questions can help the government examine the theoretical and practical issues of rural poverty alleviation policies from a more comprehensive and historical perspective, which is important for promoting the practice of rural poverty alleviation policies.

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Vidya Rajaram Iyer i Jivraj Patki. "Reaching the Poor with Microfinance: A Case of Rural South India". Think India 19, nr 3 (15.10.2016): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v19i3.7781.

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Microfinance has been recognized as one of the important instruments to meet the financial requirements of the low income customers or commonality lending groups including consumers and self-employed personnel, who lack access to banking and other related financial services (Mehta, 2008). Scheduled banks are not able to penetrate the rural prospective customers and usually are not keen in giving small loans to low-income families without security. Microfinance is one of the financial institutions that work towards achieving the national goal of ‘financial inclusion. The purpose of this paper is to explore the scope of micro finance firm in rural South India and understand various financial requirements of poor and middle class people residing in villages and their profit and contribution level of the businesses.

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Roberts, Lisa R., Solomon J. Renati, Shreeletha Solomon i Susanne Montgomery. "Perinatal Grief Among Poor Rural and Urban Women in Central India". International Journal of Women's Health Volume 13 (marzec 2021): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s297292.

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Subramanian, Arjunan, i Matin Qaim. "The Impact of Bt Cotton on Poor Households in Rural India". Journal of Development Studies 46, nr 2 (luty 2010): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380903002954.

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Subasinghe, A. K., K. Z. Walker, S. Arabshahi, O. Suresh, K. Kartik, K. Kalyanram i A. G. Thrift. "Iodised salt has yet to reach the rural poor of India". Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 1 (grudzień 2014): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2014.10.189.

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Lakshmanasamy, T. "THE DIFFERENTIAL ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN INDIA: QUANTILE REGRESSION ESTIMATION". MAN, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY 3, nr 1 (2022): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/mes.2022.v03i01.13.

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Rural electrification not only provides affordable modern energy to rural households at a cheaper price but also improves the quality of life and economic development of the rural sector. The welfare gains of electricity are not the same across households. This paper tries to understand who benefits the most from rural electrification - the poor or the rich rural households. The differential effects of rural electrification on household income and expenditures on health and children’s education are estimated using the 2011-2012 IHDS-II survey data applying the quantile regression method. The estimated results show that household electrification increases both household income and expenditure. The higher-income rural households benefit more than the lower-income households from rural electrification. The upper-income rural households gain more in terms of the education of children relative to poor-income households from rural electrification. Rural electrification benefits are higher for median health expenditure households than either for lower or upper quantile households. The larger benefits from rural electrification accrue to the better-off rural households through higher consumption and use of electricity for many productive uses and electrification benefits accrue from multiple channels.

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Chakravorty, Ujjayant, Marie-Hélène Hubert i Beyza Ural Marchand. "Food for fuel: The effect of the US biofuel mandate on poverty in India". Quantitative Economics 10, nr 3 (2019): 1153–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe942.

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More than 40 % of US grain is used for energy due to the Renewable Fuel Mandate (RFS). There are no studies of the global distributional consequences of this purely domestic policy. Using micro‐level survey data, we trace the effect of the RFS on world food prices and their impact on household level consumption and wage incomes in India. We first develop a partial equilibrium model to estimate the effect of the RFS on the price of selected food commodities—rice, wheat, corn, sugar, and meat and dairy, which together provide almost 70 % of Indian food calories. Our model predicts that world prices for these commodities rise by 8– 16 % due to the RFS. We estimate the price pass‐through to domestic Indian prices and the effect of the price shock on household welfare through consumption and wage incomes. Poor rural households suffer significant welfare losses due to higher prices of consumption goods, which are regressive. However, they benefit from a rise in wage incomes, mainly because most of them are employed in agriculture. Urban households also bear the higher cost of food, but do not see a concomitant rise in wages because only a small fraction of them work in food‐related industries. Welfare losses are greater among urban households. However, more poor people in India live in villages, so rural poverty impacts are larger in magnitude. We estimate that the mandate leads to about 25 million new poor: 21 million in rural and 4 million in the urban population.

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