Artykuły w czasopismach: „Rural poor – india – fiction”

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Zubair, Hassan Bin, i Dr Saba Sadia. "Analyzing Indian Socio-Political Thoughts, Hunger and Freedom in Bhabhani Bhattacharya’s Novel “So Many Hungers”". IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 5, nr 4 (14.08.2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v5i4.106.

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This paper focuses on the Indian cultural background having the themes like hunger, poverty, famine, war, politics, freedom, imperialism, economic exploitation, class consciousness in the Indo-Anglian English fiction writer Bhabani Bhattacharya’s novel So Many Hungers!, related to the socio-political and economic situations of Bengali’s society. The theme of the novel is mainly the existing pressing problems of India especially the rural India before and after the Independence. Realism is one of the most remarkable features of Bhabani Bhattacharya’s fiction. His novel shows a passionate awareness of life in India, the social awakening and protest, the utter poverty of peasants, the Indian freedom struggle and its various dimensions, the tragedy of partition of the country, the social and political transitions, the mental as well as the physical agony of the poor peasants and labor class people of the Indian society, especially that of Bengal and other adjoining states. Bhattacharya believes that an artist should inevitably be concerned with truth and reality, his portrayal of the life and society is never a photographic one nor a journalistic record. One can very well find the reflection of Indian culture, tradition and struggle in it.

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Jat, Sunita. "Farmer and laborer references in Premchand's stories". RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 9, nr 3 (25.03.2022): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2022.v09i03.007.

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Premchand's novels Godan and Rangbhoomi related to farmers and laborers are such works, which if called the epic story of laborers, farmers and Dalit victims and women victims, then it will not be an exaggeration because India being an agricultural country, farmers and laborers are the foundation of Indian culture. The stories of Premchand's Poos Ki Raat, Sava Seer Wheat, Muktimarg, Algyozha, Demolition etc. are mainly focused on the life of the farmer. The full depiction of rural life that we get in Premchand's literature is rare elsewhere, in his fiction, in spite of the predominance of the mainstream farmers of the society at that time, the Dalits, farm-labourers, Bhabbuje, living in the margins of rural life, Poor-farmers, shepherds, kanjars, tailors, etc. all came under his gaze with their heat and sorrow. Such marginalized characters are seen in their stories. Abstract in Hindi Language: प्रेमचन्द के किसान व मजदूरों से संबंधित उनके उपन्यास गोदान और रंगभूमि ऐसी रचनाएँ है जिनको मजदूर, किसान और दलित पीडित व महिला पीडित की महागाथा कहा जाये तो अतिशयोक्ति न होगी क्योकि भारत एक कृषि प्रधान देश होने के कारण किसान व मजदूर भारतीय संस्कृति का मूलाधार है। प्रेमचन्द की पूस की रात, सवा सेर गेहूँ, मुक्तिमार्ग, अलग्योझा, विध्वंस आदि कहानियाँ मुख्य रूप से किसान जीवन पर केन्द्रित है। ग्रामीण जीवन का जितना भरा पूरा चित्रण हमे प्रेमचन्द के साहित्य में मिलता है वह अन्यत्र विरल है इन्होने अपने कथा साहित्य में तात्कालीन समय में समाज के मुख्यधारा के किसनों की प्रधानता के बावजूद ग्रामीण जीवन के हाशिए में जी रहे दलित, खेत-मजदूर, भड़भूजे, गरीब-किसान, घसियारे, कंजड़, दर्जी आदि सब उनकी निगाह के दायरे में अपने ताप-त्रास के साथ आये। इनकी कहानियों में ऐसे ही हाशिए के विभिन्न चरित्र देखने को मिलते है। Keywords: ग्रामीण जीवन, मजदूर, किसान, पिछडे वर्ग

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Shaik, Arif M. "Poor Rural Health System in India". Southern Medical Journal 100, nr 11 (listopad 2007): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/smj.0b013e318158bb9b.

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Rajuladevi, A. K. "How Poor are Women in Rural India?" Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 2, nr 1 (lipiec 1992): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119920101.

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Teeli, Mr Showkat Ahmad, Dr Imran Mehraj Dar i Dr Bilal Ahmad Sheikh. "Financial Inclusion of Rural Poor in India". Journal of Corporate Finance Management and Banking System, nr 31 (6.12.2022): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jcfmbs.31.5.16.

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The banking industry has continued to use the buzzword "Financial Inclusion" over the past few years. The term is connected with expanding the spread of monetary administrations to the people who don't know about or who are not in that frame of mind to profit monetary administrations because of distant regions or absence of innovation and so forth. The recent reforms carried out in India are in line with the expansion and development of disadvantaged and poor groups. In this regard, PM Modi's slogan, "SABKA SAATH SABKA VIKAS," which aims for everyone's balanced development, is accurate. It won't be possible until corruption and the huge gap between the rich and the poor are reduced. Financial inclusion is about making financial services like banking and insurance available to everyone at reasonable prices. There are not many issues coming in that frame of mind of monetary consideration however it is certain that if some corrective measures are embraced by the specialists, then, at that point, monetary consideration can be accomplished in India without limit. In the end, this will accomplish the campaign's goal of inclusive growth and balanced development. Hence, in present study researcher had analyzed the secondary data from different sources and corresponding findings and suggestions are explained in finding and conclusion section.

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Gaiha, Raghav. "On the chronically poor in rural India". Journal of International Development 4, nr 3 (maj 1992): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3380040303.

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Das, Rimasree. "A study of diasporic elements in the select works of Margaret Atwood, Jhumpa Lahiri and Kiran Desai". International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, nr 3 (2023): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.83.53.

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After the two world wars and India's independence from the British in 1947, English-language writing in India has advanced significantly. Since the two world wars and India's independence from the British in 1947, Indian Writing in English, as it was once known, has advanced significantly with a few countable writers on the horizon. There weren't many writers in the corpus of works that were produced in the English language by Indian writers, especially before the label changed from Indo-Anglian Literature (that was named such before) to Indian Writing in English. The two most recent female authors to contribute to the field of Indian English literature are Kiran Desai and Jhumpa Lahiri, yet their creativity transcends the confines of gender. They speak to an Indian culture that has experienced social anguish and cultural displacement both inside and outside of their own nation as a result of globalisation and immigration. They express the suffering of Indian immigrants who have migrated in foreign countries and are filled with sentiments of loneliness and displacement while having no other options for freedom on many fronts. The selection of these two highly regarded and award-winning authors was made for a variety of reasons, including the fact that they are both contemporary writers with a wide range of parallels and differences. They share a lot of traits, yet they also naturally vary in overt and subtle ways. Nonetheless, the literary output they provide readers with is overwhelmingly impressive, and they give voice to the world's silent immigrants. They present sorrowful, yet true, stories. For instance, the fictional character Biju from Kiran Desai's novella “Inheritance of Loss” has heart breaking anecdotes to share with us about his status as an illegal immigrant and how he concealed from American Immigration police agents by vanishing from the restaurant and through the hotel's mouse hole. There are now tens of thousands of Bijus living in countries like the United States, Germany, France, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, etc. Lahiri contrasts the two lives of two brothers who are travelling in opposite directions in her novel “Lowland”, which is a poignant and emotional depiction of immigrants. State terrorism claims the life of a young man as the wealthy continue to amass ever-increasing wealth at the expense of the poor, who continue to live in poverty. The “Lowland”, which was nominated for the prestigious Man Booker Prize in 2013, is sensitive to the brutal realities of society and the way the state uses the rural and ignorant majority for political purposes. The handling of female characters in immigrant stories also calls for a critical examination of Lahiri and Desai's literary creations. Another one of the well-known female writer Margaret Atwood in her novel “Surfacing” the main subject is separation. This is established in the opening chapter, as it is revealed that the narrator is politically dispossessed as an English speaker living in Quebec at a period when Québec was wanting to become an independent French-speaking nation. The narrator compares human contact to that of animals because she feels cut off from the people around her. As an illustration, the narrator thinks of an animal "at the instant the trap closes" while overhearing David and Anna having sex. Extremist David, who argues that Canada would be better off without the "fascist pig Yanks" and advises that they be driven out of the country by assault beavers, is the face of nationalism. The researcher opted to pick these two Indian immigrant women writers and Margaret Atwood for the dissertation as a result.

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Rao, M. Narasimha, i Prof K. Ratna Shiela Mani. "SIGNIFICANCE OF RURAL CULTURE IN THE SHORT FICTION OF MANOJ DAS". Journal of English Language and Literature 09, nr 01 (2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/joell.2022.9107.

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A brief survey of Indian Short Fiction in English indicates that there is a wide scope for its study. Manoj Das has presented a serene and simple way of life of rural community in India in his fiction which is rapidly disappearing. He is one of the foremost short story writers in Post-Independent India and an outstanding bilingual writer both in English and Oriya at ease. He depicts very effectively and skillfully the way of life of people living in villages, their values, norms, beliefs, attitudes, traditions, customs, superstitions, religion, etc., in his stories. He is a keen observer of the changing socio-political and cultural scenario in the post independent India. The stories of Manoj Das are so subtle and suggestive that they have a concealed element of didacticism, a zeal for social reform as he is keenly interested in fostering and promoting the qualitative life of the rural people of India. Hence, in this paper I presented my views and opinions from Indian perspective keeping in mind the life of the rural people with all their day to day activities and problems as portrayed by Manoj Das. In spite of their penury, the cultural values and conventional ways are not given up. Thus, the author preserves the rich Indian cultural heritage in spite of his depicting the follies and foibles of human life.

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Gaiha, Raghav, i Vani Kulkarni. "Panchayats, Communities, and the Rural Poor in India". Journal of Asian and African Studies 37, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 38–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002190960203700203.

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HODSON, JANE. "Talking to peasants: language, place and class in British fiction 1800–1836". English Language and Linguistics 27, nr 3 (wrzesień 2023): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674323000448.

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This study uses the Dialect in British Fiction 1800–1836 database to chart the changing representation of the language of the labouring poor during the early nineteenth century. It finds that, broadly speaking, while the voices of the labouring poor are sometimes represented in novels at the start of the period, most novels evince little interest in either the linguistic nuances of these characters’ speech, or the access to their lives and thoughts that this speech provides. Around the middle of the period, there is a rapid increase in the fictional representation of the voices of the labouring poor specifically in novels set in rural Scotland and Ireland and – at least in some novels – this is connected to a greater interest in the lives and perspectives of these characters. By the end of the period, while there is a broadening out into extraterritorial varieties and a continuing interest in the voices of the rural labouring poor of Scotland and Ireland, these developments have not translated in any substantial way to an interest in either the rural labouring poor of England or Wales, or the urban labouring poor of any nation or region. Overall, the study demonstrates how fiction can be used to provide an insight into changing attitudes towards speakers and language varieties.

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Deb, Surajit. "The Poor and the Migrant in India". Social Change 50, nr 4 (13.11.2020): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085720957831.

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The ninth part of the Social Change Indicators series gives an account of the poor and migrants in different states of India by focussing on the following aspects: Percentage of population belonging to the lowest two wealth quintiles, percentage of households (rural and urban) without any agricultural land, percentage composition of inter-state migration in India by source states, percentage composition of inter-state migration in India by destination states, per cent composition of employment as the reason for migration in inter-state out-migration of source states and the per cent unemployment rate (rural and urban) according to the usual status.

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Mehta, Atul, i Joysankar Bhattacharya. "What Works Best for the Poor in Rural India". South Asia Economic Journal 18, nr 2 (wrzesień 2017): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561417713131.

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Financial sector development serves poor directly through poverty-lending approach or financial systems approach. Robinson (2001) questions the appropriateness of poverty-lending approach for the extremely poor and supports the financial systems approach for providing a poverty alleviation toolbox to serve the poor at various levels. The present study attempts to assess the effectiveness of the two lending approaches and comments on the appropriateness of the same for the poor and the poorest of the poor in rural India using state-wise annual data from 1999–2000 to 2011–2012. We conduct a panel data analysis for a sample of 15 major Indian states and provide an empirical evidence for the effect of various poverty alleviation tools on the poor and the poorest of the poor in rural India. The study partially supports the use of tools suggested by Robinson.

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Mahendra Dev, S., M. H. Suryanarayana i Kirit S. Parikh. "Rural Poverty in India: Incidence, Issues and Policies". Asian Development Review 10, nr 01 (styczeń 1992): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110592000022.

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India accounts for about 14 per cent of the world’s population and about 25 per cent of that of developing countries. The number of the poor in India was about 420 million in 1985 and now represents about 38 per cent of the poor in developing countries. India has been trying to reduce poverty by adopting economic planning for growth with redistribution of income in the framework of a mixed economy…

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Poddar, Moumita. "Regional Inequalities of Land associated to Health Facilities in Rural India". Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, nr 2 (30.06.2014): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i2.808.

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Rural population is often considered as a homogeneous population. The wide diversity among rural population is often ignored when health related issues are considered. The study emphasizes that heterogeneous composition of rural population leads to improper implementation of rural health facilities, which in turn leads to poor health conditions. It is argued that wide divergences in rural sector should be understood to roll out any such policy for the rural sector in particular. This paper attempts to show how heterogeneity in rural population affects the health status. The burden of disease and its effects are disproportionately seen in the poor, with a clear gradient in illness and morbidity. The most affected are the poor and vulnerable section of the population. The privileged section in rural society is termed as â€˜Rural eliteâ€™. Attempts have been made to define rural elites in terms of ownership of better facilities and endowments (like land). It is argued that the elites enjoy health facilities and have better health conditions. On the contrary, health status of rural poor is abysmal. The objective of the study is to explore the disparities between these two groups and examine how these disparities affect health conditions. The study reveals that the incidence of selective diseases is much lower in the case of rural elites. Despite progress in improving access to health care, inequalities by socioeconomic status continue to persist.

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Purohit, Brijesh C. "Demand for healthcare in India". Healthcare in Low-resource Settings 1, nr 1 (7.03.2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hls.2013.e7.

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In a developing country like India, allocation of scarce fiscal resources has to be based on a clear understanding of how investments in the heath sector are going to affect demand. Three aspects like overall healthcare demand, consumer decisions to use public and/or private care and role of price/quality influencing poor/rich consumer’s decisions are critical to assessing the equity implications of alternative policies. Our paper addresses these aspects through examining the pattern of healthcare demand in India. Data from the National Family Health Survey are used to model the healthcare choices that individuals make. We consider what these behavioral characteristics imply for public policy. This analysis aims to study disparities between rural and urban areas from all throughout India to five Indian states representing three levels of per capita incomes (all-India average, rich and poor). Results evidence that healthcare demand both in rural and urban areas is a commodity emerging as an essential need. Choices between public or private provider are guided by income and quality variables mainly with regard to public healthcare denoting thus a situation of very limited alternatives in terms of availing private providers. These results emphasize that existing public healthcare facilities do not serve the objective of providing care to the poor in a satisfactory manner in rural areas. Thus, any financing strategy to improve health system and reduce disparities across rich-poor states and rural-urban areas should also take into account not only overcoming inadequacy but also inefficiency in allocation and utilization of healthcare inputs.

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Patidar, Hemant, i Satheesh Chothodi. "Livelihood Diversification in Rural India". Space and Culture, India 9, nr 3 (30.11.2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v9i3.1206.

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This study aims to ascertain the level of livelihood diversification and examines the socio-economic contexts of livelihood diversification in rural India. Employing data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS-II), 2011-12, an Inverse Herfindhal-Harschman Diversity Index (IHHDI) was calculated incorporating eleven income sources (livelihood strategies). In addition, the contribution of each strategy in households’ total income has been calculated. Furthermore, binary logistic regression was applied to predict the households’ engagement in each livelihood strategy and the likelihood of high IHHDI. Results indicate that the higher livelihood diversifications were found among the households with large size, high dependency, lower social groups, low educated, landless, marginal and small farming, and economically poor. This study also highlights the significance of diversification strategies in raising households’ income. It is suggested that broadened policy support is required to promote diversification for economic development in rural India.

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Pati, Rakesh Kumar, i Niharika Garud. "SELCO: lighting rural India". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, nr 3 (1.07.2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111183519.

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Subject area Social entrepreneurship, Sustainability and Human Resource. Study level/applicability The case study is relevant for students of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. This case can be used as a case in strategy (growth strategy), marketing and innovation subjects as well. Case overview The case study revolves around Mr Harish Hande and his efforts to build a for–profit social enterprise Solar Electric Light Company (SELCO) to provide electricity to poor and under–served. Harish focused on providing cheap, clean and sustainable energy sources to rural customers at bottom of the pyramid of the society. From the conception of SELCO, Harish has been on a roller–coaster ride of success and failure. Harish has used the problems as a learning ground and improved his business model successfully. But, when Harish tried to scale his operations in 2005–2006 he failed miserably. Some errors in the decision coupled with external pressure had brought SELCO to a verge of collapse. Owing to the determination of Harish and his team, SELCO was able to revive from the difficult times to generate profits again. Harish now again wants to expand but this time he would not take any chances. He wants to analyze and discuss every possible issue, he might face during his expansion plans. Expected learning outcomes The key learning aspects of this case is to understand importance and practice of talent management. The case also highlights the best practices that SELCO uses to reach its clients and provide them complete solution. Supplementary materials Teaching note.

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Fan, Shenggen, Ashok Gulati i Sukhadeo Thorat. "Investment, subsidies, and pro-poor growth in rural India". Agricultural Economics 39, nr 2 (wrzesień 2008): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00328.x.

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Pastakia, Astad. "Building Pro-poor Value Chains: Experiences from Rural India". Journal of Entrepreneurship 21, nr 2 (wrzesień 2012): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355712449410.

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Gaiha, Raghav, i Vani Kulkarni. "Policy reforms, institutions and the poor in rural India". Contemporary South Asia 8, nr 1 (marzec 1999): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584939908719853.

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Subramaniam, Mangala. "Grassroots groups and poor women’s empowerment in rural India". International Sociology 27, nr 1 (18.11.2011): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580911423044.

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Organizing grassroots groups, particularly among the deeply disadvantaged may require initial facilitation through a leader. This article suggests that such facilitative leadership will adopt a diffused form with increased participation and involvement of members in groups. Thereafter, members are less likely to rely on the facilitative leader for decision-making or collective action. Based on primary data from sanghas organized as grassroots groups through the Mahila Samakhya Karnataka (MSK) program in rural India, the article examines the effects of group characteristics; structure and leadership; and individual participation on the political-cultural empowerment of members. The analyses suggest that older bureaucratic grassroots groups are more likely to be empowering for women members. Members’ involvement in the process of creating, setting up and adopting rules and procedures is significant for change within the family and the community, particularly for the poor illiterate dalit women in this case.

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Dutta Ain, Anwesha. "A Reading of Satyajit’s Pather Panchali and Agantuk as Subtexts of Fictional Ethnography". Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, nr 83 (2021): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2021.83.06.

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This essay focuses on Pather Panchali (Song of the Little Road, 1955) and Agantuk (The Stranger, 1991) and discusses the style of Satyajit Ray’s filmmaking which combined the aesthetics of European verisimilitude with suggestive symbolism based on conventional Indian iconography. The paper will concentrate on the authentic representation of a poor family in rural Bengal in Pather Panchali and the urban setting, in his last film Agantuk. The main aim is to explore how the detailing of the shots and the dialogues in these films engage in the ethnographic study of the Bengali society through these cinematographic fictional narratives

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Ghosh, Madhusudan. "Infrastructure and Development in Rural India". Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 11, nr 3 (sierpień 2017): 256–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801017703499.

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This article evaluates rural infrastructure facilities in 16 major states of India, and examines their impacts on some income and non-income dimensions of rural development. Despite several public initiatives for infrastructure development in rural India, facilities continue to be poor and progress has been mostly unsatisfactory with differential performance across states. Estimates of regression coefficients of the composite indices and individual indicators of rural infrastructure reveal that improved physical and social infrastructure and livelihood opportunities enhance agricultural productivity and output, improve literacy and life expectancy, and reduce poverty and infant mortality. The results, showing the relative importance of various infrastructures, suggest that the government should prioritise additional investments in electricity, roads, irrigation, housing and telecommunications to enhance overall well-being. JEL Classification: H54, O15, O18, Q19

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Chakravarty, Debalina, i Joyashree Roy. "Solar Microgrids in Rural India". Ecology, Economy and Society–the INSEE Journal 4, nr 2 (31.07.2021): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37773/ees.v4i2.140.

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This study evaluates the benefits that rural households in India derive from dedicated solar microgrid service systems. A case study was conducted in Lakshmipura-Jharla, Rajasthan, a village in western India with significant potential for producing solar energy. In 2013, a private investor set up a solar microgrid in the village and distributed energy-efficient appliances. Its goal was to give poor households access to modern energy services. The study data were collected through a survey conducted among randomly selected households in the village. The survey found that such an electricity provision service had multidimensional benefits: flexible use of the energy service, more effective time allocation among women, more study time for students, improved indoor air quality, and safer public places. Given the initial unmet demand for modern energy in the village, technological interventions supported by policy has helped to expand consumption possibilities and new demand for services has emerged. The household-level frontier rebound effect is estimated to be more than 100%, reflecting a one-and-a-half times increase in the demand for illumination services among rural households. Frontier rebound effect estimates help quantify the benefits of solar microgrids and energy-efficient appliances for households in rural areas...

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Naschold, Felix. "“The Poor Stay Poor”: Household Asset Poverty Traps in Rural Semi-Arid India". World Development 40, nr 10 (październik 2012): 2033–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.006.

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Bhat, Meghashyam, Sreevidya Bhat, Kaye Frances Roberts-Thomson i Loc Giang Do. "Self-Rated Oral Health and Associated Factors among an Adult Population in Rural India—An Epidemiological Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 12 (13.06.2021): 6414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126414.

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Background: To determine the perception of oral health status and its associated factors among adults living in rural areas in Karnataka state, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in the age group of 35–54 years old residing in villages in a southern state in India. The main outcome measure was poor self-rated oral health (SROH) among adults in rural India. Results: About 873 adults participated in the study. The prevalence of poor SROH was 15.2%. Adults of age 40–44 years, females, those in lower socioeconomic conditions, and those with high caries experience (DMFT ≥ 4) and periodontal disease were associated with poor SROH. Those who had visited a dentist in the previous one year were 1.9 times more likely to report poor oral health. Conclusions: Nearly 15% of rural people reported poor oral health. Socioeconomic conditions, sex, age, smoking, and dental visiting were associated with poor SROH. People’s perception of poor oral health was associated with severe periodontitis and DMFT ≥ 4. A dose–response relationship was observed between experience with dental caries and poor SROH.

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Gaiha, Raghav, P. D. Kaushik i Vani Kulkarni. "Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Panchayats, and the Rural Poor in India". Asian Survey 38, nr 10 (1.10.1998): 928–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2645644.

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Iyengar, Shreekant, i Ravindra H. Dholakia. "Access of the Rural Poor to Primary Healthcare in India". Review of Market Integration 4, nr 1 (kwiecień 2012): 71–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492921200400103.

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Gaiha, Raghav. "Do Anti-poverty Programmes Reach the Rural Poor in India?" Oxford Development Studies 28, nr 1 (luty 2000): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713688307.

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Gaiha, Raghav, P. D. Kaushik i Vani Kulkarni. "Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, Panchayats, and the Rural Poor in India". Asian Survey 38, nr 10 (październik 1998): 928–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1998.38.10.01p0391b.

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Gaiha, Raghav. "Inequality, earnings and participation among the poor in rural India". Journal of Development Studies 23, nr 4 (lipiec 1987): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388708422045.

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Gaiha, Raghav. "Are the Chronically Poor Also the Poorest in Rural India?" Development and Change 20, nr 2 (kwiecień 1989): 295–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1989.tb00349.x.

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Hifdhi, Hefi Al, Achmad Nurmandi i Aulia Nur Kasiwi. "GOVERNMENT STRATEGY IN TACKLING POOR ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICE IN INDIA". PRAJA: Jurnal Ilmiah Pemerintahan 10, nr 2 (13.07.2022): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55678/prj.v10i2.662.

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Artikel ini membahas fasilitas kesehatan di pedesaan India. Permasalahan ini menarik untuk dikaji karena terdapat kesenjangan antara fasilitas kesehatan di kota dan desa, baik dari segi peralatan medis maupun sumber daya manusia yaitu tenaga kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebijakan Pemerintah India mengenai pemerataan akses dan fasilitas kesehatan di pedesaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan mengolah data melalui bibliografi VOSviewer untuk memberikan gambaran data grafis tentang bagaimana fasilitas kesehatan di pedesaan. Metode deskriptif kualitatif harus memperhatikan validasi data. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi data. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa menyediakan perawatan kesehatan yang efektif untuk penduduk pedesaan di seluruh negeri, yang telah berusaha untuk menutup kesenjangan antara fasilitas kesehatan di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Misi Kesehatan Pedesaan Nasional (NRHM) telah melaksanakan reformasi struktural yang signifikan untuk sistem kesehatan pedesaan, termasuk peningkatan ketersediaan sumber daya manusia, administrasi program, infrastruktur fisik, keterlibatan masyarakat, pendanaan perawatan kesehatan, dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Kata kunci: Kebijakan, Fasilitas Kesehatan, Pemerintah This article examines health facilities in rural India. This problem is interesting to study because there is a gap between health facilities in cities and villages, both in terms of medical equipment and human resources, namely health workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the Indian Government's policies regarding equitable access and health facilities in rural areas. This study uses descriptive qualitative analysis and processes data through the VOSviewer bibliography to provide an overview of graphic data on how health facilities in rural areas are. The qualitative descriptive method must pay attention to data validation. Therefore, this study used data triangulation. The findings of this study are that providing effective health care to rural populations across the country, that have attempted to close the gap between health facilities in both urban and rural areas. The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) has implemented significant structural reforms to the rural health system, including enhancements to human resource availability, program administration, physical infrastructure, community engagement, health care funding, and information technology utilization. Keywords: Policy, Health Facility, Government

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Jia, Peiwen. "Public Intervention on Rural Poverty Alleviation: A Case Study Between China and India". Journal of Soft Computing and Decision Analytics 1, nr 1 (17.09.2023): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/jscda11202318.

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This paper decision analyctics the evolution of pro-poor development and research on pro-poor practices in China and India, taking rural poverty alleviation in both countries as an example. The research perspective is cast more towards the policy target groups and rural societies to gain a deeper understanding of the institutional and systemic factors that influence the choice and implementation of pro-poor policies, as well as the logic and interrelationships among different actors in the policy implementation network. The final conclusion is that the government should enter more into the life world of the poor, listen to their voices, understand at what level and to what extent their lives are affected by the implementation of pro-poor policies, and how the informal institutions of the vernacular society interact with the formal institutions in the process of policy implementation. This series of questions can help the government examine the theoretical and practical issues of rural poverty alleviation policies from a more comprehensive and historical perspective, which is important for promoting the practice of rural poverty alleviation policies.

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Adhikari, Anup, i Shyamali Bera. "Blood pressure trait in rural Bengal- impact of hard labour, poor economic condition and poor diet". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, nr 4 (25.03.2022): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220851.

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Background: The aim of the present study was to observe the blood pressure trait of male population of rural Bengal, India as a part of community work. Physical characteristics and blood pressure of 699 adult male from a rural area of West Bengal, India were studied. Participants were from poor socioeconomic status, who do hard different manual works on the field for earning to feed their families for survival.Methods: Blood pressure was measured with manual sphygmomanometer in the morning. Physical characteristics were measured for predicting nutritional status in terms of BMI.Results: Nutritional status of 85% male villagers was either underweight or normal. Only 4.6 % were obese. Most of villagers possessed either optimal or normal blood pressure. Very few had hypertension. More than 99% of male villagers were without hypertension. Calorie intake of the villager were nominal due to poverty but had to work hard for economic survival. Nominal intake of calories along with hard labour might be the reason behind optimal or normal blood pressure.Conclusions: It could be concluded that survival efforts of the rural people make them less hypertensive.

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Lakshmanasamy, T. "THE DIFFERENTIAL ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN INDIA: QUANTILE REGRESSION ESTIMATION". MAN, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY 3, nr 1 (2022): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/mes.2022.v03i01.13.

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Rural electrification not only provides affordable modern energy to rural households at a cheaper price but also improves the quality of life and economic development of the rural sector. The welfare gains of electricity are not the same across households. This paper tries to understand who benefits the most from rural electrification - the poor or the rich rural households. The differential effects of rural electrification on household income and expenditures on health and children’s education are estimated using the 2011-2012 IHDS-II survey data applying the quantile regression method. The estimated results show that household electrification increases both household income and expenditure. The higher-income rural households benefit more than the lower-income households from rural electrification. The upper-income rural households gain more in terms of the education of children relative to poor-income households from rural electrification. Rural electrification benefits are higher for median health expenditure households than either for lower or upper quantile households. The larger benefits from rural electrification accrue to the better-off rural households through higher consumption and use of electricity for many productive uses and electrification benefits accrue from multiple channels.

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Kumar, Sandeep, Anubhuti, Abhishek Gautam, Ambar Khan, Anita B i Punit Karmacharya. "Oral Health and Lifestyle Factors in Rural Adults of Jharkhand, India". International Journal of Dentistry 2024 (7.02.2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9100665.

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Background. There is a lack of health care facilities and poor oral health awareness among the rural adult population of Jharkhand which may significantly influence oral health status and lifestyle scores. Aim. To assess the oral hygiene status, lifestyle factors, and various risk factors associated with poor lifestyle scores in the rural adult population of Jharkhand. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included 400 rural adults (35–44 years) populations. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect sociodemographic data and data on oral hygiene practices. Lifestyle factors were assessed using Health Practice Index (HPI). Oral health status was assessed using the oral health assessment proforma provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results. A significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) prevalence of tobacco consumption was reported by males (94.0%) compared to females (4.0%). The males (54.0%) reported significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) poor lifestyle scores compared to females (38.0%). A significantly higher (p value < 0.0001) number of oromucosal lesions (13.0%) was found in males compared to females (1.0%). There was a significant difference (p value < 0.0001) in the oral hygiene status between males and females with majority of males (60.0%) having poor oral hygiene. A bivariate analysis was performed, and unadjusted odds ratio was computed. The factors that became significant were then entered into logistic regression model (enter method). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that education (OR = 0.3, p value = 0.003), systemic diseases/long-term medication (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.004), tobacco consumption (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.006), oral hygiene status (OR = 2.4, p value = 0.007), and dental caries (OR = 2.9, p value = 0.004) were significant predictors of poor lifestyle scores. Conclusion. The rural adult population in Jharkhand has poor oral hygiene status and poor lifestyle scores. It is important to raise awareness regarding good oral hygiene and the negative effects of tobacco consumption. The dental visit should be encouraged, and the concept of preventive care needs to be instilled.

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Mehta, Atul, i Joysankar Bhattacharya. "Channels of financial sector development and rural-urban consumption inequality in India". International Journal of Social Economics 44, nr 12 (4.12.2017): 1973–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2015-0117.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct (microcredit), medium-direct (bank credit), and indirect (through economic growth) effect of financial sector development (FSD) on rural-urban consumption inequality (RUCI) in India using state-wise annual data from 1999-2000 to 2011-2012. Design/methodology/approach A panel data analysis for a sample of 15 major Indian states using the generalized method of moments estimators provides an empirical evidence for the direct (microcredit), medium-direct (bank credit), and indirect (economic growth) effect of FSD on RUCI. Findings FSD is pro-urban in India resulting in a declining rural-urban consumption ratio (RUCR) and increasing RUCI. The negative effect of FSD on RUCR is greatest through the medium-direct channel followed by the indirect and direct channels. Research limitations/implications The study questions the social banking initiatives of the government in rural areas where more than 80 percent of the poor reside. There is a need for restructuring financial inclusion programs with a shift in their focus on rural areas and an improved mechanism to target the poor. Originality/value The paper proposes that formal financial services by banks are primarily availed by non-poor and urban population and hence acts as a medium-direct channel whereas the semi-formal financial services by microfinance institutions specifically target the rural poor and act as a direct channel to affect the poor. It is the first ever study to use state-wise data on microcredit disbursed under Self-help Group Bank Linkage Program to assess the direct impact of FSD on RUCI.

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Barrientos Q., Paola A., Niels-Hugo Blunch i Nabanita Datta Gupta. "Income Convergence and the Flow Out of Poverty in Rural India". Indian Economic Journal 66, nr 1-2 (marzec 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466218810035.

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This article explores the income growth and poverty of rural Indian households, 1994–2005. The estimation strategy consists, first, of a convergence analysis to examine whether poor households are catching up in terms of income, which is then followed by a transition analysis to examine whether poor households are more likely to exit poverty than to remain poor—that is, to essentially test for whether poverty traps are escapable. The identification strategy explicitly addresses issues pertaining to the potential endogeneity and measurement error of initial income and poverty. We find evidence of both income convergence and poverty persistence, but with a higher probability of exiting poverty than of the remaining poor. This suggests that poverty traps, though existent, are not entrapping in rural India. The key variables driving these results are education, occupation and asset ownership. Finally, we discuss the policy implications and provide directions for future research in this area. JEL Codes: I32, J15, O15, O18, O47, Z12, Z13

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Woo Jin, Kang. "Poverty and Inequality among Social Groups in Rural India". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 30, nr 2 (31.08.2015): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps30206.

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This study examines economic disparity among social groups in rural India. While the pace of poverty reduction for disadvantaged groups, who benfitedfrom both economic growth and redistribution, surpassed that of other caste households during the period from 1999-2006, they remain the most poor among the rural poor. This study's decomposition analysis confirms that they are not only less wealthy than other castes but also have lower returns on their assets due to discrimination or lower productivity. In addition, the contribution of the latter has become larger over time, implying that programs established by the government and development agencies to reduce economic disparity between two groups may be less effective. For example, an antipoverty program is vital, and the government also needs to strengthen the effectiveness of the current affirmative action programs. There are also lessons from South Korea's past experience to be shared for the improvement of productivity.

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Chamania, Shobha. "Training and burn care in rural India". Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 43, S 01 (wrzesień 2010): S216—S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699469.

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ABSTRACTBurn care is a huge challenge in India, having the highest female mortality globally due to flame burns. Burns can happen anywhere, but are more common in the rural region, affecting the poor. Most common cause is flame burns, the culprit being kerosene and flammable flowing garments worn by the women. The infrastructure of healthcare network is good but there is a severe resource crunch. In order to bring a positive change, there will have to be more trained personnel willing to work in the rural areas. Strategies for prevention and training of burn team are discussed along with suggestions on making the career package attractive and satisfying. This will positively translate into improved outcomes in the burns managed in the rural region and quick transfer to appropriate facility for those requiring specialised attention.

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Kushwaha, Ashwini Kumar. "Scope and Utility of Ayurveda in Rural and Primary Health Care". International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, nr 05 (2022): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.5528.

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The population of India is 1.38 billion, of which 65.07% live in rural areas. Health care injustice is a universal phenomenon in rural India and the condition of rural and primary health care in India remains unsatisfactory even after 75 years of independence. Modern health facilities are very poor in rural areas and about 65% of the population lives in rural areas, using Ayurveda and medicinal plants as their primary health care needs. The holisticapproach of Ayurveda can provide most of the health services in rural India from its own resources such as preventive and promotive health care. Non-pharmacological remedies of Ayurveda like Sadvrittaand Swasthyavritta, Achara Rasayana and Yogaand the use of kitchen spices and common medicinal plants available in rural areas are better alternatives to primary health care in rural areas.

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Singh, Sumanjeet. "Digital Divide in India". International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 1, nr 2 (kwiecień 2010): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jide.2010040101.

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Existing studies of the digital divide reveals the gap that exists between those who have access to ICTs and those who do not create exclusion, endanger social integration and hamper economic growth. The digital divide has many dimensions and can be categorized as global, regional and national. At national level, there is no single divide, but multiple divides: for instance, within countries, between men and women, young and elderly, rich and poor and most importantly rural and urban. The present paper is mainly focused on India and tries to explore the problem of digital divide mainly in rural-urban India. In the context of the present paper digital divide essentially means tele-density, mobile and Internet divide between the rural and urban areas. In this paper, the author reveals that obstacles such as illiteracy, lack of skills, infrastructures, and investment in rural areas must be tackled if India is to diminish the gap of the digital divide. The government should work toward connectivity provision, content creation, capacity augmentation, core technologies creation and exploitation, cost reduction, competence building, community participation and commitment to the deprived and disadvantaged to bridge the digital divide.

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Dr. Vishnu Kumar. "Social Resistance in Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable". Creative Launcher 7, nr 4 (30.08.2022): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.4.13.

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Mulk Raj Anand was a revolutionary writer of the twentieth century India who changed the mode of writing and thinking in the field of Indian fiction writing. The novelists before him, who had written fiction, wrote the fictional side of life which were ideal and romantic in nature. There were a smaller number of issues of the society. Mulk Raj Anand’s writing brought revolutionary change in the field of fiction writing. He wrote the novels for the sake of untouchables and the poor. He raised the issues of casteism, capitalism, feudalism, colonialism and imperialism through his novels. In Untouchable, he has attacked one of the worst social evils of the Indian society which was ignored by the previous writers and that is blot on Indian society, culture and tradition that has colonized eighty five percent people of Indian society. This sensibility has ruined creativity of Indian people. Casteism and untouchability are the blots on the face of humanity. Anand seems fighting for the liberty, equality and justice of the untouchables and the poor. He appealed for the basic human rights and needs in the newly emerging civil structure of colonial and post-independence India. He had the opinion among all the fundamental rights that human dignity is the highest. Bakha, the leading character, had the resistance in the mind but he could not express it due to the fear of his caste. Bakha is a metaphor for all the untouchables of India.

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Roberts, Lisa R., Solomon J. Renati, Shreeletha Solomon i Susanne Montgomery. "Perinatal Grief Among Poor Rural and Urban Women in Central India". International Journal of Women's Health Volume 13 (marzec 2021): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s297292.

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Reddy, B. Ananda. "MGNREGA- A Programme for Inclusive Growth Among Rural Poor in India". International Journal of Scientific Research 2, nr 11 (1.06.2012): 487–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/162.

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Vidya Rajaram Iyer i Jivraj Patki. "Reaching the Poor with Microfinance: A Case of Rural South India". Think India 19, nr 3 (15.10.2016): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v19i3.7781.

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Microfinance has been recognized as one of the important instruments to meet the financial requirements of the low income customers or commonality lending groups including consumers and self-employed personnel, who lack access to banking and other related financial services (Mehta, 2008). Scheduled banks are not able to penetrate the rural prospective customers and usually are not keen in giving small loans to low-income families without security. Microfinance is one of the financial institutions that work towards achieving the national goal of ‘financial inclusion. The purpose of this paper is to explore the scope of micro finance firm in rural South India and understand various financial requirements of poor and middle class people residing in villages and their profit and contribution level of the businesses.

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Subramanian, Arjunan, i Matin Qaim. "The Impact of Bt Cotton on Poor Households in Rural India". Journal of Development Studies 46, nr 2 (luty 2010): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380903002954.

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Subasinghe, A. K., K. Z. Walker, S. Arabshahi, O. Suresh, K. Kartik, K. Kalyanram i A. G. Thrift. "Iodised salt has yet to reach the rural poor of India". Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 1 (grudzień 2014): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2014.10.189.

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Shende, Vaibhavi, i Vasant Wagh. "Poor Oral Health among Elderly Patients in Rural India: An Overview". Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 18, nr 4 (2023): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_397_23.

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Abstract In the world, India ranks number 1 in the list of population. According to the World Health Organization, Global Oral Health Status Report (2022), oral disease affects 3.5 billion people. The purpose of doing the study is to know about the oral condition of the rural people. After doing studies, it is observed that there is a lack of knowledge, low level of awareness, motivation among people, and involvement of government. There are several oral health-care systems in India such as governmental and nongovernmental organizations and private practitioners. Poor dental hygiene leads to tooth decay, bad breath, periodontal diseases, gum diseases, loosening of teeth, clicking of jaws, and ulcers. Moreover, if these problems remain untreated, they may lead to some systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, endocarditis, pregnancy complications, diabetes, kidney disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, it is very important to resolve these problems and special attention should be provided. This study will provide a clearer view of the challenges for rural people in India.

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