Artykuły w czasopismach: „Rural medicine”

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Norris, Merideth. "Rural medicine". Osteopathic Family Physician 3, nr 4 (lipiec 2011): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osfp.2011.05.003.

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Cao, Sissi, i Han Yan. "Championing rural medicine". University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 83, nr 1 (23.12.2014): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v83i1.4515.

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Dr Ken Milne is an emergency department physician, Chief of Emergency and Chief of Staff at South Huron Hospital Association in Exeter, Ontario. He has been an advocate for advancing the practice of rural medicine throughout his career. Originally from a farm just outside of London, Dr Milne completed both his undergraduate and graduate degrees at Western University before attending medical school in Calgary. He returned to Western in 1997 for family medicine training and began his medical career in Goderich, where he currently resides with his wife and 3 children. In addition to being a clinician, Dr Milne has been conducting research on rural medicine for the last 17 years and helped establish what is now Discovery Week, an integral part of the Schulich School of Medicine’s first-year curriculum. He is also the creator of the knowledge translation project “The Skeptic’s Guide to Emergency Medicine” (SGEM), which disseminates evidence-based information online so patients can receive the best care. We met with Dr Milne over Google Hangouts to talk about his colourful career, the unique aspects of rural medicine and the challenges he faces working in a remote location.

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Curran, Shane. "Rural emergency medicine". Emergency Medicine 13, nr 3 (wrzesień 2001): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1035-6851.2001.00248.x-i2.

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MacPherson, Melissa J. "Rural and remote medicine". University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 83, nr 1 (23.12.2014): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v83i1.4467.

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WAKATSUKI, Toshikazu. "Future of Rural Medicine." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 40, nr 6 (1992): 1106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.40.1106.

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Kramlinger, Anne Marie. "Textbook of Rural Medicine". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 77, nr 3 (marzec 2002): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/77.3.300.

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Evans, Kayte. "Textbook of Rural Medicine". Australian Journal of Rural Health 10, nr 1 (luty 2002): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2002.t01-2-00431.x.

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Pfaff, Colin. "Rural medicine in Nepal". South African Family Practice 46, nr 3 (kwiecień 2004): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2004.10873058.

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Lanphear, J. H. "Rural medicine/urban responsibilities". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 256, nr 18 (14.11.1986): 2567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.256.18.2567.

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Lanphear, Joel H. "Rural Medicine/Urban Responsibilities". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 256, nr 18 (14.11.1986): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1986.03380180129037.

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WAKATSUKI, SHUN'ICHI. "Rural medicine in the future." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 34, nr 3 (1985): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.34.252.

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WAKATSUKI, SHUN'ICHI. "Rural medicine in future perspective." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 34, nr 6 (1986): 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.34.969.

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Hutten-Czapski, Peter. "Wave theory of rural medicine". Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine 27, nr 2 (2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cjrm.cjrm_5_22.

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KASHIKI, Yoshitomo. "A Focus on Rural Medicine." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 47, nr 6 (1999): 796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.47.796.

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Beglyakova, Yuliya M., i Aleksander S. Shchirskii. "RURAL MEDICINE. CONDITION AND ISSUES". RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, nr 2 (2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2020-2-103-110.

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The article analyses the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas of modern Russia and the specifics of their organization and development. The authors reveal causes why rural residents have much less opportunities to seek quality medical care than urban ones, what leads to a disparity between the inhabitants of the city and the village. The thesis is substantiated that state programmes that should make health services accessible to the rural population to a greater extent do not cope with the task at hand. An attempt is made to highlight the public’s response to the existing disparity in the health services of the villagers compared to urban dwellers. Such a reaction can be considered an outflow of people from rural areas, and an increase in self-medication among rural people as a result of the difficulty in obtaining health services. The decrease in the number of treatment facilities in rural areas leads to a deterioration in the medicine situation in rural areas. That, according to the authors of the article, justifies the need to study the issues associated with the provision of medical care to the rural population.

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Blumenthal, Ryan. "Lightning medicine in rural practice". Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 05, nr 04 (październik 2014): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.139961.

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Nolan, Peter W. "Folk Medicine in Rural Ireland". Folk Life 27, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/flk.1988.27.1.44.

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Fell, Linda. "Opportunities in Rural Laboratory Medicine". Laboratory Medicine 29, nr 11 (1.11.1998): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/29.11.665.

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Nolan, Peter W. "Folk Medicine in Rural Ireland". Folk Life - Journal of Ethnological Studies 27, nr 1 (1.01.1988): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/043087788798239331.

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Bruce, Thomas Allen. "Professional Preparation for Rural Medicine". Journal of Rural Health 6, nr 4 (październik 1990): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1990.tb00686.x.

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Chaytors, R. G., i G. R. Spooner. "Training for rural family medicine". Academic Medicine 73, nr 7 (lipiec 1998): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199807000-00008.

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Spry, Leslie. "Medicare and rural kidney medicine". Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease 12, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2004.11.001.

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Castro, Maria Gabriela, Caroline Roberts, Emily M. Hawes, Evan Ashkin i Cristen P. Page. "Ten-Year Outcomes: Community Health Center/Academic Medicine Partnership for Rural Family Medicine Training". Family Medicine 56, nr 3 (1.03.2024): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2024.400615.

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Background and Objectives: The widening gap between urban and rural health outcomes is exacerbated by physician shortages that disproportionately affect rural communities. Rural residencies are an effective mechanism to increase physician placement in rural and medically underserved areas yet are limited in number due to funding. Community health center/academic medicine partnerships (CHAMPs) can serve as a collaborative framework for expansion of academic primary care residencies outside of traditional funding models. This report describes 10-year outcomes of a rural training pathway developed as part of a CHAMP collaboration. Methods: Using data from internal registries and public sources, our retrospective study examined demographic and postgraduation practice characteristics for rural pathway graduates. We identified the rates of postgraduation placement in rural (Federal Office of Rural Health Policy grant-eligible) and federally designated Medically Underserved Areas/Populations (MUA/Ps). We assessed current placement for graduates >3 years from program completion. Results: Over a 10-year period, 25 trainees graduated from the two residency expansion sites. Immediately postgraduation, 84% (21) were in primary care Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs), 80% (20) in MUA/Ps, and 60% (15) in rural locations. Sixteen graduates were >3 years from program completion, including 69% (11) in primary care HPSAs, 69% (11) in MUA/Ps, and 50% (5) in rural locations. Conclusions: This CHAMP collaboration supported development of a rural pathway that embedded family medicine residents in community health centers and effectively increased placement in rural and MUA/Ps. This report adds to national research on rural workforce development, highlighting the role of academic-community partnerships in expanding rural residency training outside of traditional funding models.

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Halpenny, David. "Rural emergency medicine—rapid sequence intubation in the rural E.D." Journal of Emergency Medicine 14, nr 3 (maj 1996): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-4679(96)87219-2.

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Ohta, Ryuichi, i Chiaki Sano. "Reflection in Rural Family Medicine Education". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 9 (23.04.2022): 5137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095137.

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Reflection in medical education is vital for students’ development as professionals. The lack of medical educators in rural family medicine can impinge on the effective reflection of residents’ learning. Hence, based on qualitative research, we proposed a framework regarding reflection in rural family medicine education, indicating when, where, and how reflection is performed and progresses. The contents of reflection include clinical issues regarding knowledge and skills, professionalism in clinical decisions, and work-life balance. The settings of reflection include conference rooms, clinical wards, residents’ desks, and hospital hallways. The timing of educational reflection includes during and after patient examination and discussion with various professionals, before finishing work, and during “doorknob” times (right before going back home). Rural medical teachers need competence as clinicians and medical educators to promote learning in medical residents and sustain rural medical care. Furthermore, medical teachers must communicate and collaborate with medical residents and nurses for educational reflection to take place in rural family medicine education, especially regarding professionalism. In rural family medicine education, reflection can be performed in various clinical situations through collaboration with learners and various medical professionals, aiding the enrichment of residents’ learning and sustainability of rural medical care.

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Sharpe, Thomas R., Mickey C. Smith i Anne R. Barbre. "Medicine Use Among the Rural Elderly". Journal of Health and Social Behavior 26, nr 2 (czerwiec 1985): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2136601.

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MacLeod, Jean. "RCPE symposium: Remote and Rural medicine". Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 50, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4997/jrcpe.2020.228.

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Crane, Steven, i Geoffrey Jones. "Innovation in Rural Family Medicine Training". North Carolina Medical Journal 75, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.75.1.29.

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Kyle, James M., Robert B. Walker i Douglas B. McKeag. "Sports Medicine Education for Rural Practice". Physician and Sportsmedicine 16, nr 8 (sierpień 1988): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1988.11709573.

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Smith, Janie, i Richard Hays. "IS RURAL MEDICINE A SEPARATE DISCIPLINE?" Australian Journal of Rural Health 12, nr 2 (28.06.2008): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2004.tb00571.x.

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Smith, Janie, i Richard Hays. "Is Rural Medicine A Separate Discipline?" Australian Journal of Rural Health 12, nr 2 (kwiecień 2004): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1038-5282.2004.00556.x.

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Hays, Richard B. "COMMON INTERNATIONAL THEMES IN RURAL MEDICINE". Australian Journal of Rural Health 7, nr 3 (sierpień 1999): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.1999.00194.x.

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White, Simon J. "Rural Medicine: Robert Bloomfield's ‘Good Tidings’". Romanticism 9, nr 2 (lipiec 2003): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2003.9.2.141.

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Hungerford, Phil. "Rural emergency medicine: the final frontier". Emergency Medicine 10, nr 3 (26.08.2009): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1998.tb00617.x.

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Rosenblatt, R. A. "Family Medicine Training in Rural Areas". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 288, nr 9 (4.09.2002): 1063–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.9.1063.

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Lespérance, Sarah. "President's Message – Gender and rural medicine". Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine 28, nr 3 (2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cjrm.cjrm_23_23.

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Murray, Angus M. "Third year will erase rural medicine". Canadian Family Physician 69, nr 5 (maj 2023): 308.2–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.46747/cfp.6905308_1.

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Hitchcock, Robyn. "A Career in Rural Emergency Medicine". Emergency Medicine News 46, nr 7 (lipiec 2024): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eem.0001026344.39183.10.

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Patterson, Davis G., C. Holly A. Andrilla i Lisa A. Garberson. "Preparing Physicians for Rural Practice: Availability of Rural Training in Rural-Centric Residency Programs". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, nr 5 (1.10.2019): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-18-01079.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Exposing residents to rural training encourages future rural practice, but unified accreditation of allopathic and osteopathic graduate medical education under one system by 2020 has uncertain implications for rural residency programs. Objective We describe training locations and rural-specific content of rural-centric residency programs (requiring at least 8 weeks of rurally located training) before this transition. Methods In 2015, we surveyed residency programs that were rurally located or had rural tracks in 7 specialties and classified training locations as rural or urban using Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes. Results Of 1849 residencies in anesthesiology, emergency medicine, general surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and psychiatry, 119 (6%) were rurally located or offered a rural track. Ninety-seven programs (82%) responded to the survey. Thirty-six programs required at least 8 weeks of rural training for some or all residents, and 69% of these rural-centric residencies were urban-based and 53% were osteopathic. Locations were rural for 26% of hospital rotations and 28% of continuity clinics. Many rural-centric programs (35%) reported only urban ZIP codes for required rural block rotations; 54% reported only urban ZIP codes for required rural clinic sessions, and 31% listed only urban ZIP codes in reporting rural full-time training locations. Programs varied widely in coverage of rural-specific training in 6 core competencies. Conclusions In multiple specialties important for rural health care systems, little rurally located residency training and rural-specific content was available. Substantial proportions of training locations reported to be rural were actually urban according to a common rural definition.

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Davies, Laurence, i Romina Pace. "Rural versus Urban General Internal Medicine – What Factors are Influencing Resident’s Choice of Practice?" Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine 18, nr 2 (8.06.2023): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjgim.v18i2.690.

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Objective: To understand the factors influencing General Internal Medicine (GIM) fellows to choose a rural versus urban clinical practice. Methods: A descriptive study employing individual interviews of GIM fellows was conducted. Questions probed fellows’ choice of practice, perceived characteristics of practice location, definition of rural medicine, awareness of incentives for rural practice, and suggestions on attracting GIM specialists to rural areas. Results: 12 GIM fellows were interviewed. Regarding the choice of practice location, nearly all participants mentioned that their decision was influenced by where they were raised or where their family was currently located. The diversity of rural practice was described as an attracting feature. Lifestyle factors were also important in their choice of practice. Conclusion: Factors associated with rural practice amongst GIM fellows include (1) relationship to region, (2) characteristics of practice, and (3) lifestyle preferences. Recruitment strategies leveraging these factors would assist in drawing physicians to rural areas. RésuméObjectif: Comprendre les facteurs qui incitent les boursiers en médecine interne générale (MIG) à choisir une pratique clinique en milieu rural ou urbain. Méthodologie: Une étude descriptive a été réalisée à l’aide d’entrevues individuelles menées auprès de boursiers en MIG. Les questions ont porté sur le choix de pratique, les caractéristiques perçues du lieu de pratique, la définition de la médecine rurale, la connaissance des mesures incitatives à la pratique en milieu rural et les suggestions pour attirer les spécialistes en MIG dans les régions rurales. Résultats: Douze boursiers en MIG ont été interrogés. En ce qui concerne le choix du lieu de pratique, presque tous les participants ont mentionné que leur décision a été influencée par l’endroit où ils ont grandi, ou par celui où se trouve actuellement leur famille. La diversité de la pratique en milieu rural a été décrite comme étant un facteur d’attraction. Les facteurs liés au mode de vie sont également importants dans le choix de leur pratique. Conclusion: Les facteurs associés à la pratique en milieu rural parmi les boursiers en MIG sont : 1) les liens avec la région; 2) les caractéristiques de la pratique; 3) les préférences en matière de mode de vie. Des straté-gies de recrutement qui tirent parti de ces facteurs contribueraient à attirer les médecins dans les régions rurales.

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Harrison, Henrietta. "The Experience of Illness in Early Twentieth-century Rural Shanxi". East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 42, nr 1 (25.06.2015): 39–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04201003.

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This paper uses the diary and other records of Liu Dapeng 劉大鵬 (1857-1942), a Shanxi village resident, to examine how people in rural China experienced and understood illness at an important time of transition for medical systems in China. It explains how Liu understood the illnesses that afflicted himself and members of his family in terms of providence. The healing methods he used ranged through self-medication with folk remedies and modern patent medicines; remedies provided by families friends and neighbours (including acupuncture and prescriptions based on classical Chinese medicine); remedies provided by gods and shamans; and prescriptions provided by professional doctors of Chinese medicine, whom Liu deeply distrusted. It also examines the arrival of Western medicine in Shanxi and argues that while this existed it was incorporated into networks of medicine provided by family and friends, rather than functioning as a separate institutional system.

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Martins, Maria de Fátima Monteiro, i Eduardo Fernandes Bondan. "A Mulher Na Medicina Veterinária". REVISTA PLURI 1, nr 1 (22.01.2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rpv112018p31-38.

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A Medicina Veterinária moderna começou a se desenvolver com o surgimento da primeira escola do mundo, em Lyon (França). No Brasil, a primeira escola de veterinária foi fundada em 1883 com a denominação Escola Imperial de Medicina e Agricultura, em Pelotas. A primeira mulher a se formar foi a Dra. Nair Eugenia Lobo, pela hoje Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, em 1929. Em 2017, as mulheres representavam 53% das inscrições primárias realizadas no Conselho Federal de Medicina Veterinária (CFMV).Palavras-chave: Medicina Veterinária, Gênero, História, Feminização, Mulher.AbstractModern Veterinary Medicine began to develop with the emergence of the world's first school in Lyon (France). In Brazil, the first veterinary school was founded in 1883 under the name of Imperial School of Medicine and Agriculture, in Pelotas. The first woman to graduate was Dr. Nair Eugenia Lobo at presently Rio de Janeiro Rural Federal University, in 1929. In 2017, women represented 53% of the primary enrollments held at the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine (CFMV).Keywords: Veterinary Medicine, Gender, History, Feminization, Woman.

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Watts, Lisa, Lisa Parker i Helen Scicluna. "Rural Ethics Ward Rounds: Enhancing medical students' ethical awareness in rural medicine". Australian Journal of Rural Health 21, nr 2 (kwiecień 2013): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12016.

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Wakabayashi, Takao, Shinichi Takeda, Yoshinobu Fujito i Wari Yamamoto. "Educating medical students in rural area through a rural medicine experience camp". An Official Journal of the Japan Primary Care Association 38, nr 3 (2015): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14442/generalist.38.243.

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Fang, Xiaoping. "Changing Narratives and Persisting Tensions: Conflicts between Chinese and Western Medicine and Professional Profiles in Chinese Films and Literature, 1949–2009". Medical History 63, nr 4 (9.09.2019): 454–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2019.44.

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This paper analyses the shifting images of Chinese medicine and rural doctors in the narratives of literature and film from 1949 to 2009 in order to explore the persisting tensions within rural medicine and health issues in China. Popular anxiety about health services and the government’s concern that it be seen to be meeting the medical needs of China’s most vulnerable citizens – its rural dwellers – has led to the production of a continuous body of literary and film works discussing these issues, such as Medical Practice Incident, Spring Comes to the Withered Tree, Chunmiao, and Barefoot Doctor Wan Quanhe. The article moves chronologically from the early years of the Chinese Communist Party’s new rural health strategies through to the twenty-first century – over these decades, both health politics and arts policy underwent dramatic transformations. It argues that despite the huge political investment on the part of the Chinese Communist Party government in promoting the virtues of Chinese medicine and barefoot doctors, film and literature narratives reveal that this rustic nationalistic vision was a problematic ideological message. The article shows that two main tensions persisted prior to and during the Cultural Revolution, the economic reform era of the 1980s, and the medical marketisation era that began in the late 1990s. First, the tension between Chinese and Western medicine and, second, the tension between formally trained medical practitioners and paraprofessional practitioners like barefoot doctors. Each carried shifting ideological valences during the decades explored, and these shifts complicated their portrayal and shaped their specific styles in the creative works discussed. These reflected the main dilemmas around the solutions to rural medicine and health care, namely the integration of Chinese and Western medicines and blurring of boundaries between the work of medical paraprofessionals and professionals.

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Bennett, P. "Rural Emergency Medicine: The 2004 West Virginia Emergency Medicine Workforce". Academic Emergency Medicine 12, Supplement 1 (1.05.2005): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2005.03.068.

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Zhou, Yining, Zhiqing Wang i Xing Ming. "On the Development Status and Optimization Path of Chinese Herbal Medicine Industry under the Background of Rural Revitalization". International Journal of Global Economics and Management 3, nr 2 (28.06.2024): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijgem.v3n2.09.

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As an important rural pillar industry, the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Longxi County has abundant resource advantages and development potential. Based on the background of China's rural revitalization strategy, this paper deeply studies the current situation, opportunities, challenges and development strategies of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Longxi County. As an important link between traditional agriculture and modern pharmaceutical industry, the Chinese herbal medicine industry has great potential for development in rural revitalization. Through an in-depth analysis of the convergence between the Chinese herbal medicine industry and rural revitalization, this paper puts forward a series of targeted suggestions, aiming to guide the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Longxi County to sustainable development and contribute to the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

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Oyeleye. "Use of Herbal Medicine by Rural Residents in Lagos, Nigeria". West Africa Journal of Medicine 39, nr 5 (26.06.2022): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55891/wajm.v39i5.124.

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Background: Medicinal plants have been used for years in daily life all over the world. Herbal medicines (HM) may be beneficial but are not completely harmless especially with unregulated use. Aim: To assess the knowledge, preference and use of HM in a rural setting, western Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study among 417 residents of Epe Local Government Area, Lagos State Nigeria conducted in mid 2016. Respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Epi- info version 7.1.5.2. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Nearly half (48.7%) of the respondents were between the ages of 18-33 years, over three fourths (78.4%) were married and majority (89.2%) were Yoruba. About half 207(49.6%) of respondents had good knowledge of HM. Over two thirds (67.6%) would use HM as first line treatment and 69.3% perceive it more effective than conventional medicine. Almost all (95.7%) respondents have used HM, majority (87.4%) in the last six months prior to study. Factors significantly associated with knowledge of HM are age (p=0.001) and sex of respondents (p=0.014). Significant factors influencing HM use include level of education (Fisher's exact p=0.017), religion (Fisher's exact p=0.001), and ethnicity (Fisher's exact p<0.001). Conclusion: Participants were fairly knowledgeable about herbal medicine but most were oblivious of its potential side effects. Majority were HM users mainly because of its perceived effectiveness. There is need for health education in rural areas on the side effects and safe use of herbal medicines. Author T M Oyeleye 1, I P Okafor 1

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Meyers, Peter, Elizabeth Wilkinson, Stephen Petterson, Davis G. Patterson, Randall Longenecker, David Schmitz i Andrew Bazemore. "Rural Workforce Years: Quantifying the Rural Workforce Contribution of Family Medicine Residency Graduates". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 12, nr 6 (1.12.2020): 717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-20-00122.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Rural regions of the United States continue to experience a disproportionate shortage of physicians compared to urban regions despite decades of state and federal investments in workforce initiatives. The graduate medical education system effectively controls the size of the physician workforce but lacks effective mechanisms to equitably distribute those physicians. Objective We created a measurement tool called a “rural workforce year” to better understand the rural primary care workforce. It quantifies the rural workforce contributions of rurally trained family medicine residency program graduates and compares them to contributions of a geographically matched cohort of non-rurally trained graduates. Methods We identified graduates in both cohorts and tracked their practice locations from 2008–2018. We compared the average number of rural workforce years in 3 cross sections: 5, 8, and 10 years in practice after residency graduation. Results Rurally trained graduates practicing for contributed a higher number of rural workforce years in total and on average per graduate compared to a matched cohort of non-rural/rural training tack (RTT) graduates in the same practice intervals (P < .001 in all 3 comparison groups). In order to replace the rural workforce years produced by 1 graduate from the rural/RTT cohort, it would take 2.89 graduates from non-rural/RTT programs. Conclusions These findings suggest that rural/RTT-trained physicians devote substantially more service to rural communities than a matched cohort of non-rural/RTT graduates and highlight the importance of rural/RTT programs as a major contributor to the rural primary care workforce in the United States.

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MACUCH, P. "Development of rural medicine in global perspective." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 34, nr 6 (1986): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.34.981.

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