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Opuda, Eugenia. "Experiences, Benefits, and Challenges of Virtual Teamwork for Public Libraries in the US Midwest during the COVID-19 Pandemic". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 18, nr 4 (15.12.2023): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip30432.
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A Review of: Singh, K., & Bossaller, J. S. (2022). It’s just not the same: Virtual teamwork in public libraries. Journal of Library Administration, 62(4), 512–534. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2022.2057130\ Objective – To learn about public libraries’ transition to virtual teams before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to uncover the benefits, as well as challenges, of using technology and tools for virtual teamwork. Design – Qualitative, online, semi-structured interviews with thematic analysis of data. Setting – Public libraries in the midwestern United States. Subjects – Eight leaders of public libraries or library systems and a state library. Methods – The authors conducted a snowball sampling technique to recruit participants in the midwestern United States. Through 30-60 minute Zoom sessions, the authors conducted interviews with the study participants. Each session was led by one interviewer and a note-taker and all interviews, with one exception, were recorded. Interviewers relied on an interview protocol, shared in the appendices of the paper, that addressed demographic questions as well as questions related to the study objectives. The authors comment that they reached data saturation after conducting interviews with eight subjects and decided to stop recruitment. Using the notes from the interview and Zoom session transcripts, the authors individually analyzed the data and then collectively discussed the themes as well as similarities and differences of participant responses. Main Results – Study respondents were mid- to late-career professionals in medium to large organizations. All respondents were white and a majority were women (n = 6) with only two men. A majority (n = 7) had a Master’s degree in Library and Information Science, and one had a PhD in a related field. Thematic analysis of the eight interviews uncovered several broader themes, including changes to staffing structures during the pandemic, the adoption of new technologies, the impact and experiences of using new technologies, the implementation of remote work, and the changes in services during the pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, library staff were involved in a variety of teams at various levels, including within the library, among consortia, and even throughout community organizations. These teams continued to meet during the pandemic using various technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic created the need to create new teams quickly to address safety protocols and the continuation of library services. Many libraries closed their physical locations during the pandemic with many in-person services offered digitally or re-envisioned to comply with current safety protocols. Technology adoption varied depending on the size of the library and the ease of use and familiarity with certain tools. Many teams adopted video conferencing tools to continue to meet as a group, platforms to share documents, and messaging apps to enhance group communication. Some libraries applied for grant funding to expand their technology access or digital services. Though there was widespread adoption of technology, libraries prioritized communication among their teams, which resulted in less emphasis on technology security and privacy. Benefits of the adoption of new technologies were enhanced participation and accessibility at team meetings and virtual programming, expansion in skill development and training for staff, and the ability to continue working while adhering to COVID-19 safety protocols. Teams were able to meet virtually across multiple locations, and the online format of meetings allowed for more equitable participation among attendees. Travel costs and travel time were eliminated, and the online meeting chat feature ensured that typically quieter participants could engage with the conversation. Additionally, libraries were able to host larger library programs online by eliminating travel cost and time. The COVID-19 pandemic created the need for rapid team formation in order to address safety protocols, ensure continuity of library services, and support the use of digital services. Challenges included a steep learning curve for some staff using new technologies, a lack of access to adequate devices or broadband for library workers living in rural areas, the development of virtual meeting fatigue leading to disengagement, and a lack of a sense of community. Though many libraries embraced remote work, front line staff were still expected to return to work physically. While remote work helped in some ways, it also presented a challenge for staff who did not have quiet spaces to focus, appropriate work setups at home, or consistent access to good internet. Conclusion – The COVID-19 pandemic forced many libraries to adapt quickly to a new environment of digital and hybrid teamwork while still attempting to maintain community-oriented services. Library leaders explored how flexible working environments could enhance employee engagement by using technology and addressed many challenges in adopting new technologies and making them accessible for staff. As well, library leaders addressed staff morale by extending grace to staff members, providing professional development in new areas of librarianship, and creating scheduling shifts for remote and in-person work. Many organizations returned to physical meetings when it became safe to do so but also continued to offer hybrid work options and use some technology adopted during the pandemic. The pandemic required flexible and creative problem solving. The experience enabled library leaders to identify the benefits and challenges of adopting new technology, maintaining service continuity, emphasizing the need to think about information security, and adapting and creating teams as needed.
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Moore, Charles. "Renewable Energy Adoption and Its Effect on Rural Development in United States". Journal of Developing Country Studies 8, nr 2 (18.06.2024): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jdcs.2674.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the renewable energy adoption and its effect on rural development in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Renewable energy adoption in rural areas of the United States has shown promising effects on rural development. Studies indicate that the deployment of renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar farms, has led to job creation, increased local tax revenues, and economic diversification in rural communities. Additionally, renewable energy projects have provided opportunities for landowners to earn additional income through leasing their land for energy production Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Diffusion of innovations theory, social-ecological systems theory & technology acceptance model (TAM) may be used to anchor future studies on renewable energy adoption and its effect on rural development. Strengthening practical interventions to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy technologies in rural communities is essential. Developing supportive policy frameworks is critical to unlocking the full potential of renewable energy for rural development.
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Gustina, Margo, Eli Guinnee, Rick Bonney i Hope Decker. "Pathways to Wellbeing: Public Library Service in Rural Communities". Journal of New Librarianship 7, nr 2 (7.12.2022): 159–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33011/newlibs/11/14.
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To answer the question “If public libraries are a component of social wellbeing in rural communities, how are they successful?” we conducted, transcribed, coded, and analyzed 114 group and individual interviews with 202 people at eight field research sites in isolated rural communities distributed throughout the United States. Motivating this study is a gap in understanding the library service mechanisms involved at the community level which will yield beneficial social wellbeing outcomes. Through iterative phenomenological analysis, we established how rural residents defined social wellbeing for themselves and how they describe the library’s role in that context. We found that rural residents forego access to standard amenities for access to deep social connections, natural resources, and community cultures of freedom and mutual support. We found long term locally made structural, social, and cultural norms, which we call pathways, through which libraries support wellbeing.
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Panchyshyn, Roman S., Frank P. Lambert i Sevim McCutcheon. "Resource Description and Access Adoption and Implementation in Public Libraries in the United States". Library Resources & Technical Services 63, nr 2 (24.04.2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.63n2.119.
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This study surveyed the current state of knowledge about, and application or use of, Resource Description and Access (RDA) among American public library catalogers. In 2017, an online survey request was e-mailed to four thousand libraries for the person or persons most responsible for cataloging to complete the questionnaire. More than three hundred libraries responded. The data expose serious concerns with RDA adoption within the public library sector. While a majority of catalogers know about RDA, their working knowledge about it differs substantially depending on whether they work in rural or urban library settings. Regardless, 22 percent of respondants still had not heard of the RDA standard until completing this survey. While further training and educational opportunities (along with funds) for catalogers nationwide would help minimize this disparity, LIS schools also can play a role by educating more thoroughly the next generations of catalogers in this newer descriptive standard. Coming on the brink of a shift in the theoretical framework of the RDA standard, from the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model to the IFLA Library Reference Model (LRM), public library catalogers risk falling even farther behind in their knowledge and compitency with the RDA standard.
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Salka, William M. "Urban-Rural Conflict Over Environmental Policy in the Western United States". American Review of Public Administration 31, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02750740122064820.
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Savitskaya, Tatiana E. "Partnership of Digital Libraries Hathi Trust Digital Library: the New Mode of Cooperation". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 67, nr 1 (22.04.2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2018-67-1-83-90.
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There is analysed the activities of digital libraries partnership Hathi Trust Digital Library (HTDL), arose in October 2008 in the United States as a collaborative repository of digital collections of library systems of 13 universities in the U.S. Middle West and digital collections of 11 universities in California (now numbering 124 libraries). In the United States — the leader of IT-technologies — has been accumulated the vast experience in the field of organization of electronic resources, carried out a large-scale reorganization of library industry, the results of which are not sufficiently covered in the domestic library science. For the first time, the Russian library community is invited to learn the specific experience of the formation and operation of the partnership of digital libraries HTDL, based on the principle of institutional cooperation and coordination of management solutions in the conservation and maintenance of electronic collections.The main tasks of the distributed data warehouse belonging to the partnership group of large research libraries are: providing access to the digital collection first of all for collective users, libraries — co-founders; preservation of intellectual heritage through reliable and accessible electronic representation, improvement of open technological infrastructure. The HTML concept is based on the conscious preservation of the specificity of research libraries, when the user is offered a body of special catalogued literature, and the ranking of search results is not influenced by the commercial interests. It is noted that HTDL is built on the basis of an extensive network of interlibrary entities in the United States with extensive cooperation in the field of administration, cataloguing, and storage of printed materials.There are considered the priority achievements of Hathi Trust Digital Library: development of the new models of interlibrary cooperation, efficient distributed management structure, transparent scheme of payment calculation of infrastructure maintenance. The dynamics of the development of this resource from the moment of formation to the present time is analysed.
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Kline, Ronald R. "Resisting Development, Reinventing Modernity: Rural Electrification in the United States before World War II". Environmental Values 11, nr 3 (sierpień 2002): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096327190201100304.
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The essay examines local resistance to the New Deal rural electrification program in the United States before World War II as a crucial aspect of socio-technical change. Large numbers of farm men and women opposed the introduction of the new technology, did not purchase a full complement of electrical appliances, and did not use electric lights and appliances in the manner prescribed by the goverment modernisers (the Rural Electrification Administration) and manufacturers. These acts of ‘transformative resistance’ helped to shape artefacts and social practices.
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Stites, Michele L., Susan Sonnenschein, Yongxiang Chen, Kyoko Imai-Matsumura i Hatice Gürsoy. "Facilitating Preschool Children’s Mathematics Development in China, Japan, and the United States: Is the Classroom Library Considered?" Education Sciences 11, nr 12 (4.12.2021): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11120792.
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The two studies examined in this paper compare the different mathematical opportunities provided in preschool classrooms in China, Japan, and the United States, with an emphasis on mathematical-themed books in classroom libraries. Study one presents the results of an online survey to examining the content of preschool classroom libraries in China (N = 134), Japan (N = 168), and the United States (N = 291). Study two presents data obtained from semi-structured interviews of teachers in China (N = 8), Japan (N = 8), and the United States (N = 8). The interviews examined teacher perceptions of how they teach mathematics, the importance of teaching mathematics, and the use of the classroom library as a venue for mathematics. Study one results indicated that teachers from all three countries encourage classroom library use; however, teachers from China reported more mathematics storybooks than their Japanese or United States counterparts. Study two results indicated that teachers from all three countries viewed mathematics as important and provided various mathematics learning opportunities to children throughout the school day. Chinese teachers reported providing the most mathematics learning opportunities using whole group instruction, mathematics centers, and free play. Japanese teachers reported few whole group forms of instruction other than circle time but reported providing opportunities for using mathematics during free play and other embedded activities. United States teachers indicated that mathematics learning occurred using whole group instruction and mathematics centers.
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Ferguson, Maria. "Washington View: Big ideas for a new day". Phi Delta Kappan 102, nr 5 (26.01.2021): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721721992570.
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As the United States has begun to make the transition from one presidential administration to the next, organizations with an interest in education have weighed in on what they think the Biden administration should focus on. Maria Ferguson shares recommendations from the Center for American Progress, AASA: The School Superintendents Association, Organizations Concerned About Rural Education, and advocates for social and emotional learning.
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Mehra, Bharat. "Information ACTism in “Trumping” the Contemporary Fake News Phenomenon in Rural Libraries". Open Information Science 3, nr 1 (1.01.2019): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opis-2019-0013.
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Abstract Fabricated or fake news has become a phenomenon of unprecedented proportions in the 21st century. Donald J. Trump, the 45th and current President of the United States, has played a major role in its pervasive adoption and spread of misinformation and disinformation since his ascendency on November 8, 2016. In today’s complex political landscape, this article introduces the gerund and present participle “trumping” in mock homage to the fake news legacy of President Trump. “Trumping” simultaneously symbolizes a seemingly contradictory act of subversive and patriotic resistance for libraries to counter his fake news rhetoric to further his political ends. It calls for rural libraries (amongst others) to embrace a multi-pronged approach of information ACTism that draws upon intersections in information literacy-fluency-advocacy in their “trumping” actions to resist the President’s unhealthy behaviors since rural communities (and others) continue to be especially susceptible to his negativity and use of fake news. This think piece is based on analysis of selected news media coverage and provides libraries out-ofthe-box strategies to lead their communities towards critical and reflective analytical political decision-making in the face of fake news bombardment emerging from a person in the highest office of the land.
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Sanders, Catherine E., Kristin E. Gibson i Alexa J. Lamm. "Rural Broadband and Precision Agriculture: A Frame Analysis of United States Federal Policy Outreach under the Biden Administration". Sustainability 14, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010460.
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Global food security requires sustainable and resource-efficient agricultural production. Precision agriculture may provide the tools needed to intensify agricultural production while prioritizing sustainability; however, there are barriers such as initial investments, knowledge gaps, and broadband access that may hinder adoption. Many rural areas in the United States lack the appropriate infrastructure for broadband access needed for precision agriculture, indicating government policies are needed to expand broadband access. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to develop a conceptualization of the current frames used by the Biden administration in communications related to rural broadband and precision agriculture. The methodological framework used was frame analysis. Data were initially analyzed inductively for overall gestalt and subsequently analyzed with abductive coding. Five overarching frames were identified during the data analysis process: broadband access and economic issues, garnering support for broadband expansion, urgency and equity surrounding broadband, expanding beyond the rural, and broadband infrastructure and the agricultural sector. The findings revealed broadband access associated with the Biden administration expanded beyond rural areas, recognizing that cities also face broadband access and affordability issues. There was a lack of discourse, however, surrounding rural broadband policy and precision agriculture, which may downplay its importance in agricultural sustainability.
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Michie, Aruna Nayyar. "SYMPOSIUM ON RURAL POVERTY AND PUBLIC POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES". Policy Studies Journal 15, nr 2 (grudzień 1986): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1986.tb00712.x.
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Bamgbose, Oludayo John. "Access to Prison Law Libraries as a Precursor to Effective Administration of Justice in Nigeria: Lessons from the United States of America". International Journal of Legal Information 46, nr 2 (lipiec 2018): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jli.2018.24.
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A decade after the inauguration of the national working group on the reform of criminal justice administration in Nigeria by the then Attorney General of the Federation, Chief Akin Olujinmi, SAN, Nigeria was presented with a newly signed law—Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA), which was a direct response to the growing call for reforms that would address the plethora of problems confronting the administration of the criminal justice system in Nigeria. The 495-section law harmonized the existing two principal laws: the Criminal Procedure Act (CPA) and the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC), which hitherto governed the administration of criminal justice system across all Federal-owned Courts in Nigeria and the Courts within the Federal Capital Territory. Both CPA and CPC operated for many decades in Nigeria, but had many challenges, hence the urgency for the newcomer— ACJA.
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Pendse, Liladhar R. "Academic libraries and research in flux: Global conversations in times of COVID-19". College & Research Libraries News 82, nr 1 (8.01.2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.82.1.36.
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In March 2020, Alameda County, where the University of California (UC)-Berkeley is located, issued a shelter in place order as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The UC-Berkeley Library was one of the first libraries in the United States to deal effectively with the new normal that was mandated by local, state, and federal public health officials, shifting to the virtual provision of its services such as instruction, research consultation, and accelerated e-resource acquisition. Library administration encouraged staff to think creatively, to not only provide our services to faculty, users, and students, but also to bridge the physical gap through virtual media to foster collaboration among the community of international librarians.
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Pendse, Liladhar R. "Academic libraries and research in flux: Global conversations in times of COVID-19". College & Research Libraries News 82, nr 1 (8.01.2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.82.1.36.
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In March 2020, Alameda County, where the University of California (UC)-Berkeley is located, issued a shelter in place order as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The UC-Berkeley Library was one of the first libraries in the United States to deal effectively with the new normal that was mandated by local, state, and federal public health officials, shifting to the virtual provision of its services such as instruction, research consultation, and accelerated e-resource acquisition. Library administration encouraged staff to think creatively, to not only provide our services to faculty, users, and students, but also to bridge the physical gap through virtual media to foster collaboration among the community of international librarians.
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Johnson, Margaret O., Chin-Lin Tseng, Kerry Rowe, Vida A. Passero, Michael J. Kelley, Sara T. Ahmed i Michael A. Mooney. "QLTI-06. EVALUATING TWO DECADES OF GLIOBLASTOMA CARE IN THE UNITED STATES VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION". Neuro-Oncology 25, Supplement_5 (1.11.2023): v246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad179.0944.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) provides healthcare for U.S. military Veterans, including specialized care for glioblastoma (GBM). This study aimed to understand patterns of care and outcomes for Veterans with GBM. METHODS We derived a retrospective cohort of U.S. Veterans with histological diagnosis of GBM in 2000-2021 from the VHA cancer registry system (CRS), with follow-up times through May 31, 2022. Data sources were patient-level electronic health records, CRS, and other data from the VHA corporate data warehouse. Using descriptive statistics, we describe demographics, treatments, clinical outcomes, referral patterns, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS We identified 3,802 Veterans with GBM (median per year = 176, range 76-225). Among the 465 veterans diagnosed in 2018-2021, 192 (41%) had unknown IDH mutational status. The median age at diagnosis was 66 years (range 20-101), most were male (97%), non-Hispanic (78%) and white (70%). 32% were considered rural and 2% highly rural. 71% received radiation and 61% (n = 2,301) received systemic therapy with the most common being temozolomide (96%), bevacizumab (16%), and lomustine (6%). First use of Novo-TTF was February 2020 with a total of 25 total users to-date. Between 2018-2021, 57% (range 54-63%) of veterans received cancer-related community referrals (i.e. medical oncology, radiation oncology, or neurosurgery). The yearly rate of palliative care referrals remained ≥40% since 2008 and was highest in 2021 (64%). Median OS was 6.9 months (95% CI:6.6-7.3). CONCLUSIONS Using the largest cohort of Veterans with GBM, we identified gaps in molecular testing data and note a large fraction that received community care referrals. Patterns of cancer-directed therapy appear consistent with best practices, although the unadjusted median OS for Veterans was shorter than reported in other populations. In response to these findings, VHA is developing strategies to improve access, quality and research for Veterans with GBM.
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Sharma, Arjun, i Sanjay Basu. "Does Primary Care Availability Mediate the Relationship Between Rurality and Lower Life Expectancy in the United States?" Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 13 (styczeń 2022): 215013192211254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501319221125471.
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Introduction: Rural counties in the United States have lower life expectancy than their urban counterparts and comprise the majority of primary care provider (PCP) shortage areas. We evaluated whether PCP availability mediates the relationship between rurality and lower life expectancy. Methods: We performed a mediation analysis on a panel dataset which included county-level estimates (N = 3103) for the years 2010, 2015, and 2017, and on a subset containing only rural counties (N = 1973), with life expectancy as the outcome variable, urbanity as the independent variable, and PCP density as the mediating variable. County-level socio-demographic data were included as covariates. Results and Conclusions: PCP density mediated 10.1% of the relationship between urbanity and life expectancy in rural counties. Increasing PCP density in rural counties with PCP shortages to the threshold of being a non-shortage county (>1 physician/3500 population, as defined by the Health Resources and Services Administration) would be expected to increase mean life expectancy in the county by 26.1 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.4, 49.3) and increasing it to the standards recommended by a Secretarial Negotiated Rulemaking Committee would be expected to increase mean life expectancy by 65.3 days (95% CI: 42.6, 87.5). PCP density is a meaningful mediator of the relationship between urbanity and life expectancy. The mediation effect observed was higher in rural counties compared to all counties. Understanding how PCP density may be increased in rural areas may be of benefit to rural life expectancy.
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Leysen, Joan M., i Jeanne M. K. Boydston. "Job Satisfaction among Academic Cataloger Librarians". College & Research Libraries 70, nr 3 (1.05.2009): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/0700273.
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This article details the results of a May 2007 study of job satisfaction of cataloger librarians at ARL member libraries in the United States. Eighty-eight percent of the cataloger librarians studied were satisfied with their current job and the majority would make the same career choice again. Job facets that cataloger librarians found most important were the benefits package, relationships with coworkers, and opportunities to learn new skills. Catalogers wanted to be treated fairly, be consulted about issues directly related to their work, be informed about current activities in their department, have their opinions respected and considered, and have an administration that supports catalogers. Topics for future research are suggested.
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Lenstra, Noah. "Movement-Based Programs in U.S. and Canadian Public Libraries: Evidence of Impacts from an Exploratory Survey". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, nr 4 (30.12.2017): 214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8166hd.
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Abstract
Objective – Past research suggests that approximately 20-30% of public libraries in the United States offer movement-based programs, that is programs that encourage, enable, or foster physical activity and physical fitness. Little is currently known about the impacts of these programs, in the U.S. or elsewhere. This study addresses the questions: what impacts do movement-based programs in public libraries have and what variations exist between urban and rural libraries.
Methods – The researcher aimed to explore these questions through an exploratory survey of U.S. and Canadian public libraries that have offered movement-based programs. The survey was completed by self-selecting staff from 1,157 public libraries in the U.S. and Canada during spring 2017. Analysis focuses on those portions of the survey that address the impacts of movement-based programs.
Results – Results show that throughout North America, public libraries provide movement-based programs for all age groups. The most consistently reported impact of these programs is new library users. Furthermore, on average respondents report that participation in these programs slightly exceeding their expectations. These facts may account for the finding that 95% of respondents report that they intend to continue offering movement-based programs at their libraries.
Conclusion – More research using a randomized survey design is needed to better assess this emerging programming area in a more comprehensive manner. Nonetheless, this study provides needed evidence on the impacts of movement-based programs in many North American public libraries. Hopefully this evidence will contribute to more conversations and research on the roles of public libraries in public health and wellness.
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Lenstra, Noah. "Movement-Based Programs in U.S. and Canadian Public Libraries: Evidence of Impacts from an Exploratory Survey". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, nr 4 (30.12.2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8166d.
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Abstract
Objective – Past research suggests that approximately 20-30% of public libraries in the United States offer movement-based programs, that is programs that encourage, enable, or foster physical activity and physical fitness. Little is currently known about the impacts of these programs, in the U.S. or elsewhere. This study addresses the questions: what impacts do movement-based programs in public libraries have and what variations exist between urban and rural libraries.
Methods – The researcher aimed to explore these questions through an exploratory survey of U.S. and Canadian public libraries that have offered movement-based programs. The survey was completed by self-selecting staff from 1,157 public libraries in the U.S. and Canada during spring 2017. Analysis focuses on those portions of the survey that address the impacts of movement-based programs.
Results – Results show that throughout North America, public libraries provide movement-based programs for all age groups. The most consistently reported impact of these programs is new library users. Furthermore, on average respondents report that participation in these programs slightly exceeding their expectations. These facts may account for the finding that 95% of respondents report that they intend to continue offering movement-based programs at their libraries.
Conclusion – More research using a randomized survey design is needed to better assess this emerging programming area in a more comprehensive manner. Nonetheless, this study provides needed evidence on the impacts of movement-based programs in many North American public libraries. Hopefully this evidence will contribute to more conversations and research on the roles of public libraries in public health and wellness.
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Silva, Rafaela, i Rosângela Caldas. "Hybrid libraries and the development of society". RDBCI: Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação 20, nr 2022 (11.01.2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v20i00.8671435/30675.
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Introduction: The distinctive and fundamental libraries’ properties are changed over time, and some of these changes reflected in the nomenclature used to refer to the characteristics of the libraries. This is the case of the traditional and hybrid libraries. This research defends the thesis that hybridity paradigm for libraries stagnated in the 1990s, however, the library management changed, because of their communities’ needs. Objective: It aimed to follow the sociocultural trajectory of the concept of hybrid library. Methodology: The study is qualitative, exploratory, and carried out a theoretical-epistemological and field research. It used the Multimodal Discourse Analysis as research method. The Bibliographic Research was used as a tool to collect data in specific and related Information Science databases. The Field Research was used as a tool to collect data in hybrid library environments placed in the State of Missouri, United States of America. Results: As partial results, was possible to identify that hybridity should be understood beyond its physical infrastructure, as a representative factor to develop communities. The concept of hybridity is inserted in the context of systemic organizations, presupposing an open environment action and administrative junctions, conjecturing micro and macro informational spaces.Conclusion: The hybridity promotes ways to use technology in favor of a collective intelligence, approaching knowledge networks, which can bring new perspectives to the libraries
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Kitchens, Carl, i Price Fishback. "Flip the Switch: The Impact of the Rural Electrification Administration 1935–1940". Journal of Economic History 75, nr 4 (grudzień 2015): 1161–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050715001540.
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To isolate the impact of access to electricity on local economies, we examine the impact of the Rural Electrification Administration low-interest loans in the 1930s. The REA provided loans to cooperatives to lay distribution lines to farms and aid in wiring homes. Consequently, the number of rural farm homes electrified doubled in the United States within five years. We develop a panel data set for the 1930s and use changes within counties over time to identify the effect of the REA loans on a wide range of socio-economic measures. The REA loans contributed significantly to increases in crop output and crop productivity and helped stave off declines in overall farm output, productivity, and land values, but they had much smaller effects on nonagricultural parts of the economy. The ex-ante subsidy from the low-interest loans was large, but after the program was completed, nearly all of the loans were fully repaid, and the ultimate cost to the taxpayer was relatively low.
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Blankenau, J. "Comparing Rural Health and Health Care in Canada and the United States: The Influence of Federalism". Publius: The Journal of Federalism 40, nr 2 (6.01.2010): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjp043.
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Jafari, S. Dale G., Susan J. Appel i D. Gail Shorter. "Risk Reduction Interventions for Human Papillomavirus in Rural Maryland". Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice 13, nr 2 (20.03.2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jdnp-d-19-00047.
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BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is largely vaccine preventable. The Healthy People 2020 target goal for vaccine administration is 80%. Current United States (U. S.) rates are far lower primarily because of vaccine hesitancy and lack of provider recommendation.ObjectiveImplement a risk reduction initiative to increase HPV vaccine rates in females aged 12–26 in five rural counties in Maryland.MethodsA convenience sample from a rural community screened an HPV documentary movie, Questionnaire responses pre- and postscreening were surveyed for impact on vaccine readiness. Postscreening focus group comments were analyzed for common themes. Females aged 12–26 from a University Medical Group Women's Health Center located in rural Maryland were targeted. Chart review of immunization records 90 days pre- and postprovider vaccine recommendation demonstrated impact.ResultsPublic awareness events have the potential to impact HPV vaccine hesitancy, but this research did not achieve statistical significance. Direct provider to patient recommendations resulted in a 15% increase in HPV immunizations.ConclusionsEducation of vaccine-eligible individuals should be undertaken.Implications for NursingProviders who recommend administration of the vaccine significantly increase immunization rates.
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Trotman, Janina. "Women Teachers in Western Australian “Bush” Schools, 1900-1939: Passive Victims of Oppressive Structures?" History of Education Quarterly 46, nr 2 (2006): 248–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00067.x.
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Demography, distance, and die expansion of settlements created problems for the State Department of Education in Western Australia and other Australian states in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Educational administration in Canada and parts of the United States faced similar issues with regard to the provision of schools. A common response was the establishment of one-teacher rural schools, frequently run by young, and sometimes unclassified, female teachers. In the United States locally elected school boards were the primary source of regulation, but in late nineteenth-century Western Australia such local boards had been stripped of their powers and were answerable to the newly established, highly centralized Education Department. Formal regulated teachers. The masculinized system of the Department and its inspectorate. All the same, however, the local community still exerted informal controls over the lives of teachers working and living in small settlements.
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Irvine, Betty Jo. "Dual Master’s degree in art librarianship, Indiana University, USA". Art Libraries Journal 19, nr 2 (1994): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200008749.
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In 1985 the dual master’s degree program in art librarianship was developed at Indiana University by the head of the Fine Arts Library, working with faculty members in the School of Fine Arts/Art History and the School of Library and Information Science. This program is designed to prepare students in the United States for professional library and information specialist positions in fine arts libraries and information centers. The student is offered a coordinated approach to achieving two masters degrees — one in art history and the other in library and information science — and must be admitted to both schools. For this program the course ‘Seminar in Art Librarianship’ was devised, covering topics such as administration, collection development, reference services, and visual resources management. Further requirements include a research bibliography course in art history and fieldwork experience in the Fine Arts and Slide libraries. This program seeks to meet the need for a marketable combination of subject–specific and library/information science education for art library and visual resources professionals.
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Walters, Jayme, i Dorothy Wallis. "Characteristics and Organizational Capacity of Nonprofits in Rural, Persistently Poor Southern Counties in the United States". Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 7, nr 3 (1.12.2021): 390–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.7.3.390-416.
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The present study focuses on organizational capacity of nonprofits located in rural, persistently poor counties in the South region of the United States, an area of the country that encapsulates the majority of rural poverty. IRS Form 990 data were utilized for recruitment and to obtain demographic characteristics for nonprofits in the area of interest (N=3,530). Emailed and mailed surveys to all qualifying organizations sought to measure organizational capacity. Data from 292 nonprofits were examined in a descriptive analysis. Overall, the participating rural nonprofits scored moderate to high in most dimensions of organizational capacity. Financial management, strategic planning, collaboration, and program planning were strengths in organizational capacity. Evaluation, succession planning, fundraising planning, human resources, and volunteer management were challenges. Study findings provide guidance to capacity builders and funders to guide future training, investments, and policy related to rural nonprofits and communities they serve.
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Chavis, Nicole S., Pamela W. Klein, Stacy M. Cohen, Antigone Dempsey, Heather Hauck i Laura W. Cheever. "The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program’s Response to the Opioid Epidemic". Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, Supplement_5 (2.09.2020): S477—S485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa230.
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Abstract Background The United States is in the midst of an unprecedented opioid crisis with increasing injection drug use (IDU)-related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreaks, particularly in rural areas. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)’s Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) is well positioned to integrate treatment for IDU-associated HIV infections with treatment for drug use disorders. These activities will be crucial for the “Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America” (EHE) initiative, in which 7 southern states were identified with rural HIV epidemics. Methods The RWHAP Services Report data were used to assess the IDU population and substance use services utilization among RWHAP clients in 2017, nationally and in the 7 EHE-identified states. THe HRSA held a 1-day Technical Expert Panel (TEP) to explore how RWHAP can best respond to the growing opioid crisis. Results During the TEP, 8 key themes emerged and 11 best practices were identified to address opioid use disorder (OUD) among people with HIV. In 2017, among RWHAP clients with reported age and transmission category, 6.7% (31 683) had HIV attributed to IDU; among IDU clients, 6.3% (1988) accessed substance use services. Conclusions The TEP results and RWHAP data were used to develop implementation science projects that focus on addressing OUD and integrating behavioral health in primary care. These activities are critical to ending the HIV epidemic.
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Walters, Jayme E. "Organizational Capacity of Nonprofit Organizations in Rural Areas of the United States: A Scoping Review". Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance 44, nr 1 (27.11.2019): 63–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23303131.2019.1696909.
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Pourat, Nadereh, Xiao Chen, Connie Lu, Weihao Zhou, Hank Hoang i Alek Sripipatana. "Assessing clinical quality performance and staffing capacity differences between urban and rural Health Resources and Services Administration-funded health centers in the United States: A cross sectional study". PLOS ONE 15, nr 12 (8.12.2020): e0242844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242844.
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Background In the United States, there are nearly 1,400 Health Resources and Services Administration-funded health centers (HCs) serving low-income and underserved populations and more than 600 of these HCs are located in rural areas. Disparities in quality of medical care in urban vs. rural areas exist but data on such differences between urban and rural HCs is limited in the literature. We examined whether urban and rural HCs differed in their performance on clinical quality measures before and after controlling for patient, organizational, and contextual characteristics. Methods and findings We used the 2017 Uniform Data System to examine performance on clinical quality measures between urban and rural HCs (n = 1,373). We used generalized linear regression models with the logit link function and binomial distribution, controlling for confounding factors. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found on par performance between urban and rural HCs in all but one clinical quality measure. Rural HCs had lower rates of linking patients newly diagnosed with HIV to care (74% [95% CI: 69%, 80%] vs. 83% [95% CI: 80%, 86%]). We identified control variables that systematically accounted for eliminating urban vs. rural differences in performance on clinical quality measures. We also found that both urban and rural HCs had some clinical quality performance measures that were lower than available national benchmarks. Main limitations included potential discrepancy of urban or rural designation across all HC sites within a HC organization. Conclusions Findings highlight HCs’ contributions in addressing rural disparities in quality of care and identify opportunities for improvement. Performance in both rural and urban HCs may be improved by supporting programs that increase the availability of providers, training, and provision of technical resources.
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Oden, Derek. "Selling Safety: The Farm Safety Movement’s Emergence and Evolution from 1940–1975". Agricultural History 79, nr 4 (1.10.2005): 412–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-79.4.412.
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Abstract This paper examines both the farm accident problem and the institutional response it engendered. Farm safety leaders fashioned a largely educational movement to address farm families’ technologically complex environments, since farming’s entrepreneurial nature required a different approach than did efforts in other occupational domains. The nation’s rural policymakers had largely neglected the issue until the Second World War, when they recognized that farm accidents threatened the nation’s wartime mobilization efforts. The farm safety movement was characterized by a cooperative effort, which included the National Safety Council, the United States Department of Agriculture, land grant colleges, and the nation’s rural youth organizations. However, efforts to impose more stringent regulations faced resistance from farmers after the creation of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
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Zhang, Pengju, i Ling Zhu. "Does the ACA Medicaid Expansion Affect Hospitals’ Financial Performance?" Public Finance Review 49, nr 6 (listopad 2021): 779–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10911421211064676.
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This paper examines the effects of states’ Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on hospitals’ financial performance in the United States. Extending previous studies that primarily focus on the immediate short-term impact of the ACA's Medicaid expansion, we investigate if the fiscal effects persist over a longer-term and if the fiscal effects vary across different hospitals. Using panel data on hospitals from 2011 to 2018, we find that hospitals’ financial performance, as gauged either by Medicaid net revenue and uncompensated care cost or by multiple profitability measures, improves in Medicaid expansion states, and the positive effects continue over time. In addition, there are significant heterogeneities in the fiscal effects across different hospitals. Hospitals’ profitability improves the most in the public sector, rural areas, and less wealthy counties.
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Lenstra, Noah, i Joanne Roberts. "Public Libraries and Health Promotion Partnerships: Needs and Opportunities". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 18, nr 1 (15.03.2023): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip30250.
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Objective – Across North America, public libraries have increasingly served their communities by working with partners to connect patrons to essential healthcare services, including preventative. However, little is known about the extent of these partnerships, or the need for them, as seen from the perspective of public library workers. In this study, we set out to address the following research question: What needs and opportunities are associated with health promotion partnerships involving public libraries? Methods – Using snowball sampling techniques, in September 2021, 123 library workers from across the state of South Carolina in the United States (US) completed an online survey about their health partnerships and health-related continuing education needs; an additional 19 completed a portion of the survey. Results – Key findings included that library capacity is limited, but the desire to support health via partnerships is strong. There is a need for health partnerships to increase library capacity to support health. Public libraries already offer a range of health-related services. Finally, disparities exist across regions and between urban and rural communities. Conclusion – As an exploratory study based on a self-selecting sample of public library workers in a particular state of the US, this study has some limitations. Nonetheless, this article highlights implications for a variety of stakeholder groups, including library workers and administrators, funders, and policy makers, and researchers. For researchers, the primary implication is the need to better understand, both from the public library worker’s perspective and from the (actual or potential) health partner’s perspective, needs and opportunities associated with this form of partnership work.
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Mitchell, Robert, Patrick Hampton i Robinson Mambwe. "Teacher Futures: Global Reaction to Teacher Shortages in Rural Locations". IAFOR Journal of Education 10, nr 3 (4.12.2022): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ije.10.3.01.
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Upcoming changes in the teacher labor supply will have an impact on nations that provide government-based education for their youth. Faced with a significant global shortfall of educators, most countries have taken steps to incentivize teaching as a profession and ensure that qualified teachers are available to students in all locations – particularly in rural environments. To understand these initiatives more thoroughly, a short-term policy analysis focused on incentives for teacher labor through a lens of governmental policy implementation has been completed. This resulted in a review of the efforts three nations (Australia, the United States and Zambia) have undertaken to ensure a viable and consistent teacher workforce in rural areas. While each nation has specific factors that contribute to current and projected shortages, each also provides unique solutions to assist in resolving this ongoing issue. Through the examination of multiple hiring factors and incentives used in each location, a better understanding of the specific challenges and strategies employed to secure a viable teaching workforce has been developed. Outcomes related to this policy analysis showed commonalities in the lack of developed strategies to prepare rural educators to address teacher shortages in more remote regions. In addition, while education leaders in each country continue to publicly call for additional support for rural teachers – very little legislation or policy implementation has been enacted to bolster this subsection of public education in any of the specified nations. Additional discussion about the long-term concerns regarding rural teacher supply and student equity is also developed.
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Andrilla, C. Holly A., Davis G. Patterson, Tessa E. Moore, Cynthia Coulthard i Eric H. Larson. "Projected Contributions of Nurse Practitioners and Physicians Assistant to Buprenorphine Treatment Services for Opioid Use Disorder in Rural Areas". Medical Care Research and Review 77, nr 2 (9.08.2018): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558718793070.
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The United States is experiencing an opioid use disorder epidemic. The Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act allows nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) to obtain a Drug Enforcement Administration waiver to prescribe medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder. This study projected the potential increase in MAT availability provided by NPs and PAs for rural patients. Using workforce and survey data, and state scope of practice regulations, the number of treatment slots that could be provided by NPs and PAs was estimated for rural areas. NPs and PAs are projected to increase the number of rural patients treated with buprenorphine by 10,777 (15.2%). Census Divisions varied substantially in the number of projected new treatment slots per 10,000 population (0.8-10.6). The New England and East South Central Census Divisions are projected to have the largest population-adjusted increase. NPs and PAs have considerable potential to reduce substantial MAT access disparities.
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Steffes, Tracy L. "Solving the “Rural School Problem”: New State Aid, Standards, and Supervision of Local Schools, 1900–1933". History of Education Quarterly 48, nr 2 (maj 2008): 181–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2008.00140.x.
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“The greatest educational problem now facing the American people is the Rural School Problem,” argued Minnesota county superintendent Julius Arp in 1918. “There is no defect more glaring today than the inequality that exists between the educational facilities of the urban and rural communities. Rural education in the United States has been so far outstripped by the education of our urban centers, that from an educational standpoint, the country child is left far behind in the struggles of life.” This conceptualization of the Rural School Problem, framed within a larger national discussion about the growing disparity between urban and rural life wrought by industrialization, galvanized a broad based coalition of educators, ministers, farmers, agro-businessmen, sociologists, and social reformers into a robust campaign for rural school reform in the early twentieth century. Often lost in recent education histories which have paid much greater attention to urban school reform, this rural school movement had far-reaching consequences, not only for local school governance in the countryside, but for emerging state administration of education. The Rural School Problem, this article argues, helped to stimulate and legitimate significant new state interventions into local schools and define the forms of state aid, regulation, and bureaucracy in a formative period of state development.
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Shiffman, Catherine Dunn. "Supporting Immigrant Families and Rural Schools: The Boundary-Spanning Possibilities of an Adult ESL Program". Educational Administration Quarterly 55, nr 4 (4.11.2018): 537–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x18809344.
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Purpose: There has been a significant increase in the number of immigrant families moving to rural communities across the United States. Yet limited research exists that explores relationships between immigrant families and schools in these communities. Rural school districts are often challenged by insufficient resources, expertise, and infrastructure to respond. Adult English as a second language (ESL) programs can be valuable partners. This article explores how instructors in a regional adult ESL program supported relationships between immigrant families and schools in a rural Virginia school district. Research Methods: A case study was conducted between 2014 and 2015. Data collection included observations of adult ESL classes; semistructured interviews with adult ESL instructors, parents of school-age children, and school district leaders and teachers; open-ended questions on a parent survey; and documents. Findings: Four interrelated practices of the adult ESL instructors facilitated understanding and communication between immigrant families and K-12 educators. Adult ESL instructors disseminated information, explained cultural norms and expectations, coached family-school interactions, and created opportunities to connect families and educators. Supporting conditions included characteristics of the adult ESL classes, district leadership and sense of urgency, and multilayered relationships of professionals and actions of the adult ESL coordinator. Implications for Practice: Given the right conditions, adult ESL programs can be valuable partners for rural education leaders seeking to strengthen engagement with immigrant families. These programs can facilitate linkages between schools and adult ESL learners who are parents or caregivers and can be a professional development resource for building district capacity to engage with immigrant families.
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Wang, Weiping, i Zhipeng Wei. "Tongwei County Library". International Journal of Library and Information Services 10, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijlis.2021010104.
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Through the cooperation with the Evergreen Education Foundation in the United States, the Tongwei rural library network has been set up and a cooperation service alliance between a public library and school libraries has been built; using project funding by Evergreen, it reached out to the local communities, and meanwhile, it carried out small projects to enhance its service capacity. Through participation in the Evergreen-sponsored international conferences, training, and projects, librarians have improved their service capabilities and sharpened their awareness of library services. Based on the local cultural characteristics and user needs, and funded by a grant from Hangzhou Library Foundation, Tongwei County Library has established a reading room as a space where people can read calligraphy and painting materials. In addition, it carried out special collections services, shot the documentary film “Autumn Story,” and held “Tongwei impression.” It is the first county library to achieve management automation, and the national-level library in the fifth national public library assessment.
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LeWinn, Kaja Z., Leonardo Trasande, Andrew Law, Courtney K. Blackwell, Traci A. Bekelman, Jessica A. Arizaga, Alexis A. Sullivan i in. "Sociodemographic Differences in COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences Among Families in the United States". JAMA Network Open 6, nr 8 (23.08.2023): e2330495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30495.
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ImportanceFew population-based studies in the US collected individual-level data from families during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo examine differences in COVID-19 pandemic–related experiences in a large sociodemographically diverse sample of children and caregivers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) multi-cohort consortium is an ongoing study that brings together 64 individual cohorts with participants (24 757 children and 31 700 caregivers in this study) in all 50 US states and Puerto Rico. Participants who completed the ECHO COVID-19 survey between April 2020 and March 2022 were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to September 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresExposures of interest were caregiver education level, child life stage (infant, preschool, middle childhood, and adolescent), and urban or rural (population <50 000) residence. Dependent variables included COVID-19 infection status and testing; disruptions to school, child care, and health care; financial hardships; and remote work. Outcomes were examined separately in logistic regression models mutually adjusted for exposures of interest and race, ethnicity, US Census division, sex, and survey administration date.ResultsAnalyses included 14 646 children (mean [SD] age, 7.1 [4.4] years; 7120 [49%] female) and 13 644 caregivers (mean [SD] age, 37.6 [7.2] years; 13 381 [98%] female). Caregivers were racially (3% Asian; 16% Black; 12% multiple race; 63% White) and ethnically (19% Hispanic) diverse and comparable with the US population. Less than high school education (vs master’s degree or more) was associated with more challenges accessing COVID-19 tests (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.88; 95% CI, 1.06-1.58), lower odds of working remotely (aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.03-0.07), and more food access concerns (aOR, 4.14; 95% CI, 3.20-5.36). Compared with other age groups, young children (age 1 to 5 years) were least likely to receive support from schools during school closures, and their caregivers were most likely to have challenges arranging childcare and concerns about work impacts. Rural caregivers were less likely to rank health concerns (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69-0.86) and social distancing (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.91) as top stressors compared with urban caregivers.ConclusionsFindings in this cohort study of US families highlighted pandemic-related burdens faced by families with lower socioeconomic status and young children. Populations more vulnerable to public health crises should be prioritized in recovery efforts and future planning.
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Khan, Waleed A., i Aemal J. Khattak. "Injury Severity of Truck Drivers in Crashes at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings in the United States". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, nr 10 (11.06.2018): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118781183.
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The physical and operational characteristics of large trucks distinguish them from other types of vehicles in terms of facility design needs and safety requirements. A critical node in the surface transportation network is the highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) because it represents a conflict point between different modes of transportation. The focus of this research was to identify factors related to different injury severity levels of truck/truck-trailer drivers in crashes reported at HRGCs. This study utilized a mixed logit model to investigate injury severity of those drivers and relied on 2007–2014 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) crash and inventory data involving trucks/truck-trailers. Results showed that truck/truck-trailer drivers’ injuries in crashes reported at HRGCs were positively associated with train speed, when train struck the road user (truck/truck-trailer), when the driver “went around crossing gates”, older drivers, crashes reported in rural areas, and crashes at crossings with a minimum crossing angle of 60–90 degrees. Presence of crossbucks, gates, track obstructions, and HRGCs located within 500 feet of a highway were associated with relatively less severe driver injuries. The paper provides recommendations for safety improvements at HRGCs and recommendations for future research.
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Bernardini, Judith, i Carol Dacko. "A Survey of Home Visits at Peritoneal Dialysis Centers in the United States". Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 18, nr 5 (wrzesień 1998): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089801800512.
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Objective To determine the frequency and characteristics of home visits in centers that provide training for peritoneal dialysis (PD). Design Mail survey sent to all dialysis centers in the United States providing home PD, using the Health Care Federal Administration (HCFA) Renal Provider list. Results Surveys were mailed to 1247 centers; 13 were undeliverable, resulting in 1234 surveys successfully delivered; 670 (54%) of those surveyed responded. Of those responding, 525 (78.4%) reported home visits were part of the care of home PD patients: 11% made a single home visit, 52% made an initial home visit with at least one followup visit, and 16% made visits only as needed. No home visits were made by 21% of responding centers. A registered nurse (RN) alone made the home visit in 61% of the centers, while a multidisciplinary team accompanied the RN in 35% of centers; 3% of visits were made by a licensed practical nurse, and 1% by the physician. Half of the visits required 0.5 -1 hour, while 41% required 1 -2 hours. Travel time was most often an hour or less one way. Staff were reimbursed for travel expenses by 90% of the centers. The 525 centers making home visits were not different than the 145 centers not making home visits in number of patients per center, number of RNs, rural or urban location, or affiliation with a university. Interpretation of the HCFA regulations concerning home visits was the most important factor influencing centers making home visits. Conclusions Home visits to continuous ambulatory PD and continuous cycling PD patients in the United States are common. Nearly 80% of centers responding to the survey include home visits in the care of their home peritoneal dialysis patients.
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Bernardini, Judith, i Carol Dacko. "A Survey of Home Visits at Peritoneal Dialysis Centers in the United States". Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 18, nr 5 (wrzesień 1998): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089801800523.
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Objective To determine the frequency and characteristics of home visits in centers that provide training for peritoneal dialysis (PD). Design Mail survey sent to all dialysis centers in the United States providing home PD, using the Health Care Federal Administration (HCFA) Renal Provider list. Results Surveys were mailed to 1247 centers; 13 were undeliverable, resulting in 1234 surveys successfully delivered; 670 (54%) of those surveyed responded. Of those responding, 525 (78.4%) reported home visits were part of the care of home PD patients: 11% made a single home visit, 52% made an initial home visit with at least one followup visit, and 16% made visits only as needed. No home visits were made by 21% of responding centers. A registered nurse (RN) alone made the home visit in 61% of the centers, while a multidisciplinary team accompanied the RN in 35% of centers; 3% of visits were made by a licensed practical nurse, and 1% by the physician. Half of the visits required 0.5 -1 hour, while 41% required 1 -2 hours. Travel time was most often an hour or less one way. Staff were reimbursed for travel expenses by 90% of the centers. The 525 centers making home visits were not different than the 145 centers not making home visits in number of patients per center, number of RNs, rural or urban location, or affiliation with a university. Interpretation of the HCFA regulations concerning home visits was the most important factor influencing centers making home visits. Conclusions Home visits to continuous ambulatory PD and continuous cycling PD patients in the United States are common. Nearly 80% of centers responding to the survey include home visits in the care of their home peritoneal dialysis patients.
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Pudłowski, Leszek. "Między administracyjną Scyllą i uczoną Charybdą. Urzędnik czy historyk — rozterki u narodzin profesjonalnej archiwistyki w Stanach Zjednoczonych". Przegląd Archiwalno-Historyczny 9 (2022): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2391-890xpah.22.005.17217.
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W Stanach Zjednoczonych istniały dwa nurty archiwistyki. Klasyczny był związany z administracją, drugi zaś tworzyli aktywni obywatele pragnący utrwalić proces narodzin nowego państwa. Podwaliny oficjalnej administracji i biurokracji tworzył Charles Thomson, sekretarz pierwszego, zbuntowanego Kongresu Kontynentalnego w 1774 r. To on, pracując w parlamencie, ukształtował zalążki archiwum władz centralnych w 518 woluminach i dlatego słusznie jest nazywany ojcem chrzestnym amerykańskich archiwistów. Po zdobyciu niepodległości już na pierwszej sesji nowego Kongresu we wrześniu 1789 r. przyjęto Ustawę o zapewnieniu bezpiecznego przechowywania akt, dokumentacji i pieczęci Stanów Zjednoczonych, lecz przez cały wiek XIX nie zdołano stworzyć Archiwum Narodowego. Drugi nurt archiwistyki od zarania USA tworzyli pasjonaci historii, którzy gromadzili indywidualne kolekcje archiwaliów i druków ulotnych. Z czasem wyrastały z nich samodzielne, instytucjonalne biblioteki lub też zbiory te zasilały zasoby innych archiwów, bibliotek czy muzeów. Wśród najwybitniejszych kolekcjonerów warto wymienić Ebenezera Hazarda, Jareda Sparksa czy Lymana Copelanda Drapera. Z czasem także poszczególne stany zaczęły tworzyć instytucje o charakterze historyczno-archiwalnym, z których wyrastały historyczne ośrodki informacyjne i archiwa rządów stanowych. Archiwum Narodowe powołano dopiero w 1934 r. Zatrudniono w nim wielu historyków, którzy liczyli na pracę nad dziejami kraju, lecz zalew współczesnej dokumentacji sprawił, że dopiero po wielu latach żmudnych, biurokratycznych działań mogli podjąć współpracę z historykami. A toczący się wśród nich spór o to, gdzie przebiega granica między powołaniem archiwisty i historyka, pozostaje aktualny do dzisiaj. Between administrative Scylla and academic Charybdis: Clerk or historian — dilemmas in the early days of professional archival science in the United States In the United States, two main trends in archival science can be distinguished: traditional archival activities related to administration on the one hand, and on the other, active citizens who wanted to record the development of the new country. The foundation for the official administration and institutions was laid by Charles Thomson, the secretary of the first rebel Continental Congress in 1774. He worked in the parliament and laid the groundwork for the central authorities’ archive, encompassing 518 volumes. Thus, he is rightly referred to as the “godfather” of all American archivists. At the first session of the Congress after the USA had gained independence, in September 1789, it adopted the Act to provide for the safe-keeping of the Acts, Records and Seal of the United States. However, the authorities failed to establish the National Archives throughout the whole 19th century. The second trend in the history of American archival science was shaped by history lovers, with their individual collections and ephemera. With time, those grew into full-fledged, institutional libraries or were incorporated into the fonds of other archives, libraries, or museums. The most prominent collectors included Ebenezer Hazard, Jared Sparks, and Lyman Copeland Draper. Over time, individual states also started establishing historical and archival institutions, which grew to become centers of historical information or archival offices of state governments. The National Archives were only established in 1934, and employed many historians who hoped to work on the history of the country; however, the influx of contemporary documentation meant that only after many years of tedious, bureaucratic work could they start any actual historical cooperation. Meanwhile, the dispute regarding the line between the vocations of an archivist and a historian remains unresolved until today.
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Shen, Lisa. "Public Librarians Hold Critical and Evolving Role as Community Facilitators of Government Information". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 18, nr 3 (24.09.2023): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip30381.
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A Review of: Zhu, X., Winberry, J., McBee, K., Cowell, E., & Headrick, J. S. (2022). Serving the community with trustworthy government information and data: What can we learn from the public librarians? Public Library Quarterly, 41(6), 574–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2021.1994312 Objective – To understand public librarians’ experiences in addressing their communities’ government information and data needs. Design – Semi-structured interviews. Setting – 4 public county library systems in 2 southern states in the United States in early 2019, prior to onset of the COVID-19 pandemic Subjects – 31 public service librarians, recruited through a combination of theoretical and convenience sampling strategies. Methods – The researchers conducted individual interviews, ranging between 30 and 60 minutes, with each participant. Interview recordings were transcribed and processed through the qualitative data software NVivo, using a grounded theory approach with open inductive coding followed by thematic analysis. Main Results – Six major findings were identified through thematic coding, including variability and complexity of reference questions, diversity in patron demographics, need for advanced knowledge of the local community context, preparedness of librarians to provide reference consultation for government information, balance between information and interpretation, and trust issues related to government sources. Challenges related to digital literacy level was a shared factor across multiple themes, as patrons’ government information needs are increasingly impacted by their ability to access web, mobile, and computer technologies, navigate online resources, and interpret bureaucratic vocabulary. Some librarians also expressed their own eroding trust towards the validity of government sources, such as climate change information from the Environmental Protection Agency under the Trump administration. Conclusion – A majority of the findings were consistent with past literature, including the breadth and depth of varying government informational needs of public library patrons and the trust patrons have for their public libraries and librarians. Researchers also noted limited initiatives by public libraries to proactively educate patrons about open data or misinformation and recommended that libraries and library science educators better prepare current and future librarians for their role as government information mediators.
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Bourne, Garrett, Jennifer Bail, John Dell'Italia, Nichole Tanner, Nicholas Maurice i Devika Govind Das. "Lung cancer screening among women Veterans within the Veterans’ Health Administration." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, nr 16_suppl (1.06.2024): 10537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.10537.
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10537 Background: Despite advancements in survival rates, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States (US). In response to this challenge, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued updated guidelines in 2021 to broaden the pool of eligible candidates for lung cancer screening (LCS). Pioneering initiatives, such as the Lung Cancer Screening Demonstration Project (LCSDP) launched by the Veterans Affairs (VA) in 2012, have played a pivotal role in evaluating the feasibility of implementing Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) at eight Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMC). Subsequently, the program has undergone substantial expansion. Projections within the veteran community indicate a notable increase in the proportion of women veterans, from 11% in 2023 to an anticipated 18% in 2048. However, scant information is currently available regarding the lung cancer screening patterns within this expanding demographic. Methods: Women veterans ages 55 -80, current or former smokers from 2015- 2021 were identified through the VA corporate data warehouse (CDW). ICD 9/10 codes were used to identify women veterans with a lung cancer diagnosis. Diagnoses were verified via chart review. Data were analyzed using R Studio software. Results: Of the women veterans identified (n=44,342), 10,623 received LCS (24%) and 942 (2%) had a primary diagnosis of lung cancer. In the cohort of 942 women diagnosed, 286 (30%) had received lung cancer. Women veterans diagnosed with lung cancer tended to be aged >65 (55%), white (72%), single (72%), unemployed (71%), and urban dwelling (70%) within the southeastern US (35%). Compared to women veterans who did not receive LCS, those who did had higher rates of localized disease (47% vs 34%) and lower rates of metastatic disease (12% vs 19%). Factors associated with higher rates of LCS included mammography (60% vs 49%), a family history of lung cancer (4% vs 2%) and living in the southeastern US (46% vs 35%). It is to be noted that 23% of the women veterans who were screened lived in rural areas and 18.53% identified as black. 98.9% of the women had reported current or former tobacco use but the data on pack year history was missing in 87.6% of charts. Conclusions: While further progress can be made, it is notable that 24% of women veterans received LCS, surpassing national averages. This discrepancy underscores the potential to advance efforts in establishing a comprehensive and structured lung cancer screening initiative, thereby facilitating the equitable inclusion of historically marginalized groups, particularly minorities and rural populations. The findings emphasize the imperative to overcome existing impediments to nationwide enrollment and retention in LCS. Lastly, the study underscores the necessity for increased resource allocation towards tobacco cessation initiatives as an integral component of the broader expansion strategy.
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Franzen-Castle, Lisa, Michelle Krehbiel, Kerry Elsen, Christine Chasek i Carol Schwarz. "Using Interagency Partnerships To Establish Neighbor-to-Neighbor Programming: Supporting Rural Mental Health". Journal of Family & Consumer Sciences 114, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14307/jfcs114.1.34.
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The mental health and well-being of rural communities in the United States is a growing and serious concern. Generally, suicide rates are higher and increase more rapidly in rural areas than in urban areas (Ringgenberg et al., 2017; Steelesmith et al., 2019). Studies suggest that isolation, limited socioeconomic opportunity, and sparse access to mental health care may contribute to higher suicide rates (Braun, 2019; Case & Deaton, 2015; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018; Hirsch & Cukrowicz, 2014; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration [SAMHSA], 2020a, 2020b). In a 2019 national sample of rural adults, 75% of respondents said it was important to reduce stigma regarding mental health in the agriculture community, and 45% reported personally experiencing more mental health challenges than they did 1 year ago (American Farm Bureau Federation [AFBF], 2019). According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, overall U.S. net cash farm income decreased 12% from 2008 to 2018; for Nebraska it decreased more than 30% (Lyons & Litkowski, 2019). Nebraska Extension, based in a rural county, observed a need to help those who might be experiencing stress, anxiety, or a feeling of being overwhelmed, which led to development of a task force on stress and mental health. The purpose of this paper is to describe this rural community's response to increasing awareness of, and support for, mental health and well-being.
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Nguyen, Chi, i Maraki Kebede. "Immigrant Students in the Trump Era: What We Know and Do Not Know". Educational Policy 31, nr 6 (16.08.2017): 716–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904817723740.
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The 2016 U.S. presidential election marked a time of deep political divide for the nation and resulted in an administrative transition that represented a drastic shift in values and opinions on several matters, including immigration. This article explores the implications of this political transition for immigrants’ K-16 educational experiences during President Trump’s administration. We revisit literature on school choice and the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)—two policy areas where the most significant changes are expected to occur—as it pertains to immigrant students in the United States. We identify areas where there is limited scholarship, such as the unique educational experiences of various minority immigrant subgroups, the interplay between race and immigration status, and immigrant students in rural areas. Recommendations are made for policy and research.
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Ndaguba, Emeka A., Anthony Okarah, Chijioke Hope Ukanwah, Godwin Nebo i Solomon U. Ndaguba. "Factors limiting the gains of MDGs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: KEY DETERMINANT AND PITFALLS FOR FRAGILE STATES". Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 4, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v4i4.146.
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The Human Development Index in 2013 ranked Democratic Republic of the Congo 186th out of 187 in the United Nations Development Programme. The categorization came as a result of the deteriorating conflict that pushed the country towards a failed state realm. According to the 2015 Fragility Index of thePeaceFund, Democratic Republic of the Congo was among the nations ranked on the high alert (highly vulnerable andvolatile), consequently to as a result of non-provision of basic services. In addition to the deteriorating growth and development trajectory, infrastructural and systems failures have unabatedly limited service provision, resulting in inadequacies in humanitarian interventions. The study aims to evaluate the gains of MDGs in Democratic Republic of the Congo, taking into cognizance key deliverables, pitfalls, and prospects for development in fragile states. The study uses thematic reviews cushioned with elements of quantitative approach in providing answers to the study. On surface value, the study shows that 72% of rural households live in abject poverty. Additionally, more than 40% of children in rural areas suffer from chronic malnutrition, hunger and squalor. The study contends that without sustainable public institutions, systems and structure in the administration of services, DRC could likely remain in unending retrogression.
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Bussell, Hilary. "Libraries Support First-Generation Students through Services and Spaces, but Can Do More". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, nr 1 (13.03.2020): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29689.
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A Review of:
Arch, X., & Gilman, I. (2019). First principles: Designing services for first-generation students. College & Research Libraries, 80(7), 996–1012. https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.80.7.996
Abstract
Objective – To provide recommendations for academic libraries in supporting first-generation college students, defined by the study’s authors “either as those whose parents have no college experience or did not graduate with a bachelor’s degree” (p. 996).
Design – Multidisciplinary literature review and two qualitative survey questionnaires.
Setting – United States secondary and post-secondary schools.
Subjects – College Counsellor Survey: 300 private/parochial, private/secular, public, and charter secondary/high schools in rural, suburban, and urban areas randomly selected from across all 50 states. Academic Library Survey: Academic libraries at 100 four-year institutions.
Methods – College Counsellor Survey: An online survey was sent to potential subjects via email. The survey included basic demographic questions and open-ended questions about counsellors’ perceptions of the challenges faced by first-generation college students, the types of institutional support they need, and how academic libraries could offer support. The answers were analyzed in NVivo using a combination of inductive and axial coding in order to develop a set of themes reflecting the most commonly-mentioned challenges and support needs.
Academic Library Survey: A survey invitation was sent directly to library deans and directors at 100 four-year institutions and to two academic library electronic mailing lists. The survey included questions about services academic libraries offer for first-generation students. The data were analyzed to determine whether academic libraries were offering services that matched the thematic areas identified in the College Counsellor Survey.
Main Results – College Counselor Survey: The response rate was 24% (n=78). There were six themes which were identified regarding challenges and support needs for first-generation students: Academic and Tutoring, Social and Cultural, Home and Family, Navigating College, Financial, and Mentoring and Advising. Recommendations for library support included library participation in first-generation student orientations, library instruction in research methods, and conveying that librarians are welcoming and friendly.
Academic Library Survey: Out of the 59 responding libraries, 19 reported offering services designed for first-generation students, while 6 additional libraries reported offering services they believed would be useful for first-generation students, though they were not designed for them specifically. The library services addressed needs relating to the Academic and Tutoring, Navigating College, and Financial themes. The library services did not address the needs relating to the Social and Cultural, Home and Family, and Mentoring and Advising themes.
Conclusion – Based on the surveys and literature review, the authors provide recommendations for academic library services for first-generation students that address each of the six thematic areas of need. The recommendations include, but are not limited to, assigning liaisons for first-generation programs, working to create an inclusive and affirming library environment, designing library spaces that support the multiple social roles and identities of first-generation students, helping family members of first-generation students become aware of the library as a resource, providing training on applying for financial aid, and having librarians either provide outreach to mentorship programs or become mentors themselves.
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Marks, Suzanne M., Alexey Clara, Amy Parker Fiebelkorn, Xuan Le, Paige A. Armstrong, Stephanie Campbell, Judith Mendel Van Alstyne i in. "Influenza Vaccination in Health Centers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic—United States, 7–27 November 2020". Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, Supplement_1 (15.07.2021): S92—S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab318.
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Abstract Background Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza and influenza-associated complications including those leading to hospitalization. Resources otherwise used for influenza could support caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Health Center Program serves 30 million people annually by providing comprehensive primary healthcare, including influenza vaccination, to demographically diverse and historically underserved communities. Because racial and ethnic minority groups have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, the objective of this analysis was to assess disparities in influenza vaccination at HRSA-funded health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and HRSA analyzed cross-sectional data on influenza vaccinations from a weekly, voluntary health center COVID-19 survey after addition of an influenza-related question covering 7–11 November 2020. Results During the 3-week period, 1126 of 1385 health centers (81%) responded to the survey. Most of the 811 738 influenza vaccinations took place in urban areas and in the Western US region. There were disproportionately more health center influenza vaccinations among racial and ethnic minorities in comparison with county demographics, except among non-Hispanic blacks and American Indian/Alaska Natives. Conclusions HRSA-funded health centers were able to quickly vaccinate large numbers of mostly racial or ethnic minority populations, disproportionately more than county demographics. However, additional efforts might be needed to reach specific racial populations and persons in rural areas. Success in influenza vaccination efforts can support success in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination efforts.