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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Rural general practice"
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Lawrance, Richard. "NRF: Rural generalism or rural general practice?" Australian Journal of Rural Health 15, nr 6 (grudzień 2007): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2007.00940.x.
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O'Reilly, D., i K. Steele. "General practice deprivation payments: are rural practices disadvantaged?" Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 52, nr 8 (1.08.1998): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.52.8.530.
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Gabhainn, S. N., A. W. Murphy i C. Kelleher. "A national general practice census: characteristics of rural general practices". Family Practice 18, nr 6 (1.12.2001): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/18.6.622.
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Scaife, Clyde. "Medibank and rural general practice". Medical Journal of Australia 173, nr 1 (lipiec 2000): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb139229.x.
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Wise, Anne L., Mark L. Craig, Anna Nichols, Richard B. Hays, Peter B. Adkins, Mary D. Mahoney, Mary Sheehan i Vic Siskind. "Training for rural general practice". Medical Journal of Australia 161, nr 5 (wrzesień 1994): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127453.x.
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Craig, M., i A. Nichols. "Anaesthesia in Rural General Practice". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 21, nr 4 (sierpień 1993): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9302100402.
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Gillies, J. C. M. "Remote and rural general practice". BMJ 317, nr 7166 (24.10.1998): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7166.2.
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Scott-Jones, Joseph, i Sarah Lucas. "Rural general practice training: experience of a rural general practice team and a postgraduate year two registrar". Journal of Primary Health Care 5, nr 3 (2013): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc13243.
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INTRODUCTION: Undertaking training in rural areas is a recognised way of helping recruit staff to work in rural communities. Postgraduate year two medical doctors in New Zealand have been able to undertake a three-month placement in rural practice as part of their pre-vocational training experience since November 2010. AIM: To describe the experience of a rural general practice team providing training to a postgraduate year two medical trainee, and to describe the teaching experience and range of conditions seen by the trainee. METHODS: A pre- and post-placement interview with staff, and analysis of a logbook of cases and teaching undertaken in the practice. RESULTS: The practice teams experience of having the trainee was positive, and the trainee was exposed to a wide range of conditions over 418 clinical encounters. The trainee received 22.5 hours of formal training over the three-month placement. DISCUSSION: Rural general practice can provide a wide range of clinical experience to a postgraduate year two medical trainee. Rural practices in New Zealand should be encouraged to offer teaching placements at this training level. Exposure to rural practice at every level of training is important to encourage doctors to consider rural practice as a career. KEYWORDS: Education, medical, graduate; general practice; rural health services
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Ward, Olga. "Ups and downs of rural practice: general practice". Medical Journal of Australia 171, nr 11-12 (grudzień 1999): 621–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123824.x.
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Hays, Richard. "Obstetric Training for Rural General Practice". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 31, nr 1 (luty 1991): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1991.tb02765.x.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Rural general practice"
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Hays, Richard B. "Improving standards in rural general practice /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17837.pdf.
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McGrath, Alicia University of Ballarat. "Changing rural general practitioner practice : evaluating health assessment uptake". University of Ballarat, 2003. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12770.
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The Enhanced Primary Care Package aimed to improve health and quality of life through enhancing primary health care for those over 75 years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders over 55 years and those with chronic conditions and multidisciplinary needs. A multi-level approach was implemented to promote the package. West Vic Division of General Practice conducted the General Practice Education Support and Community Linkages implementation program for the package in Western Victoria and focused on health assessments for those over 75 years. This research investigated what factors affected change in rural general practitioner practice through surveying general practitioners and collecting Health Insurance Commission data prior to and following the program. Patients were also interviewed to determine acceptance of health assessments and nurse involvement. The program increased awareness, but had little effect on increasing uptake, as only 53% of general practitioners began undertaking health assessments. However the general practitioners indicated an increased frequency of health assessment prescription. Health Insurance Commission data suggested an immediate increase in the use of the assessments, however the rate fluctuated and then declined. Lack of sustained uptake of the program was not associated with remuneration, as 77% of general practitioners did not regard finance as a barrier. Respondents’ major barrier was time (40% pre-education, 73% post-education). This data reflected a rural environment where general practitioners face competing priorities, time constraints, workforce shortage and long consultation lists. A notable change did however occur from practice nurse employment as the involvement of a practice nurse generally resulted in patient satisfaction with the assessment. It was apparent that a complex multifaceted and longer-term view is needed to address factors which limit rural general practitioners’ ability to change. This needs to be addressed at the Commonwealth level and not in isolation in order to produce an integrated framework to enhance and promote, rather than demand change.Master of Applied Science
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McGrath, Alicia. "Changing rural general practitioner practice : evaluating health assessment uptake". University of Ballarat, 2003. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14607.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Enhanced Primary Care Package aimed to improve health and quality of life through enhancing primary health care for those over 75 years, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders over 55 years and those with chronic conditions and multidisciplinary needs. A multi-level approach was implemented to promote the package. West Vic Division of General Practice conducted the General Practice Education Support and Community Linkages implementation program for the package in Western Victoria and focused on health assessments for those over 75 years. This research investigated what factors affected change in rural general practitioner practice through surveying general practitioners and collecting Health Insurance Commission data prior to and following the program. Patients were also interviewed to determine acceptance of health assessments and nurse involvement. The program increased awareness, but had little effect on increasing uptake, as only 53% of general practitioners began undertaking health assessments. However the general practitioners indicated an increased frequency of health assessment prescription. Health Insurance Commission data suggested an immediate increase in the use of the assessments, however the rate fluctuated and then declined. Lack of sustained uptake of the program was not associated with remuneration, as 77% of general practitioners did not regard finance as a barrier. Respondents’ major barrier was time (40% pre-education, 73% post-education). This data reflected a rural environment where general practitioners face competing priorities, time constraints, workforce shortage and long consultation lists. A notable change did however occur from practice nurse employment as the involvement of a practice nurse generally resulted in patient satisfaction with the assessment. It was apparent that a complex multifaceted and longer-term view is needed to address factors which limit rural general practitioners’ ability to change. This needs to be addressed at the Commonwealth level and not in isolation in order to produce an integrated framework to enhance and promote, rather than demand change.Master of Applied Science
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Durey, Angela. "The changing face of rural general practice: an ethnographic study of general practitioners and their spouses". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/61.
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Rural general practice is general practice at its best: a comment by one GP interviewed for this study was echoed by colleagues who viewed their work in a rural setting as challenging, diverse, rewarding and satisfying. Despite reported difficulties associated with rural general practice, many GPs argued that the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. Few wanted to leave. Nonetheless, too few Australian trained GPs are willing to move from cities to work in the country. Consequently, overseas trained doctors have been recruited to fill vacancies or nurses provide health services in communities unable to attract a GP.
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Watts, Richard Walter. "A participant-observer case study of research in isolated Australian rural general practice". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdw352.pdf.
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Author's previously published works appended. Bibliography: p. 291-326. The subject of this thesis is a single participant-observer case study which demonstrates the feasibility of integrating research activity within the daily routine of patient care in a busy rural general practice. Case studies were conducted over a period of 10 years in the town of Port Lincoln, South Australia. The research questions were generated by cues or uncertainties arising in routine clinical practice and included the disciplines of epidemiology, clinical audit, randomised drug trials and meta-analysis. The author concludes that research can be an integral part of routine patient care and should be promoted as part of a strategy to improve the research culture of general practice.
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Cutts, Christopher. "Identification of influences on the quality use of medicines in general practice in rural Australia /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16591.pdf.
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Schwarz, Imogen University of Ballarat. "(Re)creating spaces within rural general practice : women as agents of change at the organisational and practitioner levels". University of Ballarat, 2005. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12764.
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This thesis examines how women, as agents of change, contest the male-dominated structures at the organisational and practitioner levels of rural medicine in Australia. The premises for this study are that females now outnumber males as medical graduates and general practice trainees, yet women are significantly less likely than men to occupy rural and remote practice positions in Australia. Furthermore, the organisation of medicine remains strongly patriarchal. A feminist qualitative design underpins this empirical study involving: in-depth interviews with seventeen women activists and thirteen rural women general practitioners; grounded theory analysis of transcribed interviews; and interpretation of findings through a feminist poststructural lens. Findings uncover the gendered organisational and practitioner environment through which change is negotiated. At the organisational level, male exclusionary practices – played out through the ‘male as norm’ and the ‘problem is women’ discourses – position women in highly contradictory ways and marginalise their voices. Yet simultaneously, activists are challenging entrenched interests through individual and collective strategies of change which include: initiating gender-awareness projects; claiming legitimacy by using male-centred tactics and women-defined discourses; developing female-friendly initiatives; and mentoring of and building alliances between women. At the practitioner level, results reveal how women’s everyday lives as rural general practitioners are shaped by oppositional tensions. However, beyond the struggle of ‘fitting in’, women are altering rural medicine by (re)shaping meanings and (re)constructing work practices. Furthermore, their narratives suggest that rural spaces are integral to ways women carve out women-defined practice. A key innovation of this thesis is analysis of change at dual levels, both organisational and practitioner. This thesis marks a significant advancement upon the usual themes that attend only to the marginalisation of women and rural areas. It highlights the transformative process through which women (re)create the discursive spaces of rural general practice.Doctor of Philosophy
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Schwarz, Imogen. "(Re)creating spaces within rural general practice : women as agents of change at the organisational and practitioner levels". University of Ballarat, 2005. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/15386.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis examines how women, as agents of change, contest the male-dominated structures at the organisational and practitioner levels of rural medicine in Australia. The premises for this study are that females now outnumber males as medical graduates and general practice trainees, yet women are significantly less likely than men to occupy rural and remote practice positions in Australia. Furthermore, the organisation of medicine remains strongly patriarchal. A feminist qualitative design underpins this empirical study involving: in-depth interviews with seventeen women activists and thirteen rural women general practitioners; grounded theory analysis of transcribed interviews; and interpretation of findings through a feminist poststructural lens. Findings uncover the gendered organisational and practitioner environment through which change is negotiated. At the organisational level, male exclusionary practices – played out through the ‘male as norm’ and the ‘problem is women’ discourses – position women in highly contradictory ways and marginalise their voices. Yet simultaneously, activists are challenging entrenched interests through individual and collective strategies of change which include: initiating gender-awareness projects; claiming legitimacy by using male-centred tactics and women-defined discourses; developing female-friendly initiatives; and mentoring of and building alliances between women. At the practitioner level, results reveal how women’s everyday lives as rural general practitioners are shaped by oppositional tensions. However, beyond the struggle of ‘fitting in’, women are altering rural medicine by (re)shaping meanings and (re)constructing work practices. Furthermore, their narratives suggest that rural spaces are integral to ways women carve out women-defined practice. A key innovation of this thesis is analysis of change at dual levels, both organisational and practitioner. This thesis marks a significant advancement upon the usual themes that attend only to the marginalisation of women and rural areas. It highlights the transformative process through which women (re)create the discursive spaces of rural general practice.Doctor of Philosophy
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James, Marie-Eva. "The practice of local partnership in rural development : the cases of Newent (UK) and Sault (France)". Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2001. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3020/.
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This research is concerned with the practice of local partnerships in the promotion of rural development with particular reference to two case study areas, Newent in the UK and Sault in France. In recent years, local partnership working has become increasingly common in the promotion of rural development. It is presented by academics, politicians, policy makers and practitioners as 'inherent' and 'imperative' to the preparation and implementation of rural development programmes today. However, there still exists limited understanding and knowledge about local partnership working in practice and the validity and importance of such statements. To advance this understanding the present research had four main objectives organised around the identification and the exploration of four main issues: the reasons, the processes, the outcomes and the implications of the local partnership practice in rural development. The author has sought to elucidate the subject by means of a detailed exploratory study involving the longitudinal observation of two particular examples of local partnerships. Two case study areas were selected, both with an active history of rural development initiatives and partnership working at parish or commune level. Newent is a small town in the Forest of Dean, which has sought to address growing socio-economic decline in recent years by preparing and implementing a regeneration strategy through local partnership working. Sault is a village in Provence, which has had to respond to depopulation and various economic difficulties as well as the closure in 1996-98 of the military base of Albion. Qualitative data on local partnership evolution and operation, collected in both areas between 1998 and 2001, was assembled from documentary research, semi structured interviews and direct observation at meetings. This investigation has allowed the identification of various explanations for the recent increase in the practice of local partnership in rural development, explanations which are mainly associated with the underlying context of the rural development process today and with the meaning of the partnership concept itself. From this investigation local partnership working in rural development has emerged as a long-term, progressive, comprehensive and pragmatic process that is organised over time. Its existence and longevity depend primarily on the local context, the existence of opportunities, the issues to be addressed, a broad mobilisation of local/rural actors, a flexible local space, some local re-organisation as well as regular and concrete achievements. In this respect, the most commonly reported outcomes of local partnership working pertain to the process of partnership working more than to the tangible outputs that may have resulted from it. These meet the initial expected benefits from such a practice as for example broader participation, greater reciprocity between rural development actors and territories, and an increase in local capacity for development action.
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Hunt, Rachel. "Huts, bothies and buildings out-of-doors : an exploration of the practice, heritage and culture of 'out-dwellings' in rural Scotland". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8057/.
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This project provides an insight into the culture and practice of what has been termed ‘out-dwelling’, a cumulative term for huts and bothies. In doing so it draws attention to Scottish rural leisure and seeks to explore the materialities, experiences and practices of the ‘out-dwelling’ scene. As such, it focuses upon both the buildings and their users, speaking to the intimate geographies of this culture, as well as to its broader cultural significance. Part of this task involves an exploration of landscape, and of the means by which out-dwellings facilitate an engagement with physical surrounds beyond their built form. Just as this thesis seeks to situate the intimate interior of being in buildings, it also displays the ‘out-dwelling’ world through a broader lens, viewing these buildings and their users as part of a broader cultural movement, informed by the social history of land-use and ownership in rural Scotland. Inspired by an interest in hutting as a political act, this thesis also explores the critical edge to this potentially radical culture and situates ‘out-dwelling’ within a broader international hutting history. In doing so, this thesis enables a fuller understanding of the past, present and, to a certain extent, the future of such practice within rural Scotland.
Książki na temat "Rural general practice"
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Robertson, R. J. Bombs, boils & brushes --: A rural doctor's notes. Lerwick: Shetland Times, 2008.
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Robertson, R. J. Bombs, boils & brushes --: A rural doctor's notes. Lerwick: Shetland Times, 2008.
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General practice as it was: A GP's life in Canada and rural Wales. Talybont: Y Lolfa, 2012.
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Country doctor: Tales of a rural GP. London: Robinson, 2011.
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Welch, James K. The country doctor: A collection of favorite newspaper columns by a Spoon River rural physician. [S.l: s.n.], 1996.
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Sparrow, Michael. Repeat prescription: Further tales of a rural GP. London: Robinson, 2011.
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Country doctor: Tales of a rural GP. London: Robinson, 2002.
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Geggie, H. J. G. The extra mile: Medicine in rural Quebec, 1885-1965. [Wakefield, Quebec: N. and S. Geggie], 1987.
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Norma, Geggie, i Geggie Stuart 1925-1997, red. The extra mile: The journals of H.J.G. Geggie, M.D. : medicine in rural Quebec, 1885-1965. Wakefield, Quebec: N. Geggie, 2007.
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Balmes, Hans Jürgen, red. Geschichte eines Landarztes. Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Vienna, Austria: Büchergilde Gutenberg, 1999.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Rural general practice"
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Moon, Graham, i Nancy North. "Practice in Context — Urban and Rural General Practice". W Policy and Place, 110–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10942-2_7.
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Akinbami, C. A. O. "Climatepreneurship: Adaptation Strategy for Climate Change Impacts on Rural Women Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2143–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_191.
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AbstractAdequate and proper adaptation strategies to climate change depend largely on activities in the rural sector, which drives national economy through exploitation of natural resources. Consequently, actions in rural areas are essential to successful climate change adaptation. Rural communities are highly dependent upon natural resources that are affected by climate change, thus affecting their food security, livelihoods, health, and physical infrastructure. Women and their livelihood practices are thereby affected negatively, leading to increased poverty level and low income, because they find it difficult to respond adequately to climate change effects. This study examines the past and existing interventions on climate change adaptation strategies in two rural communities in Oyo State, introduces climatepreneurship strategy, and assesses its effectiveness. This is an explorative study, employing qualitative approach to gather information through in-depth interview (IDIs) from 50 farmers, before and after the interventions. Data collected were analyzed using Atlas ti. This is a powerful workbench for qualitative data analysis using coding and annotating activities to generate different thematic issues for discussions and interpretations with networks. Study revealed that communities had previously experienced some interventions. Such had no impact on livelihood practices because steps to successful intervention were not followed. Socio-cultural practices hinder women development. The newly introduced climatepreneurship strategy improved livelihood practices. Study outcomes will expectedly be integrated into policy framework for sustainable rural women entrepreneurship development and also replicated in other rural areas in Nigeria.
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Kelly, Ashley Scott, i Xiaoxuan Lu. "Infrastructural Connectivity and Difference". W Critical Landscape Planning during the Belt and Road Initiative, 87–125. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4067-4_5.
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AbstractThis chapter, Infrastructural connectivity and difference, presents two strategic planning proposals dealing with “direct” impacts of the construction of the China-Laos Railway. Practices of “sustainable” development, in those practices’ approaches, however genuine, to physically and economically connect communities to new markets and generate new economies, disrupt preexisting modes of connectivity, whether socioeconomic, cultural or ecological. One proposal offers strategies to mitigate the socioecological impacts of temporary access roads built tends of kilometers into rural landscape to construct the China-Laos Railway, while the other proposal offers physical and organizational strategies for impacted agricultural communities to mitigate the disruption of irrigation networks, fragmented farmlands, issues of development transparency and uncertainty in compensation timelines. Through these proposals’ analyses and strategic deployment of connectivity and emphasis of cultural and ecological difference, they may help reform discourse on the assessment of cumulative impacts in the development process.
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Røe, Per Gunnar, Kristin Edith Abrahamsen Kjærås i Håvard Haarstad. "The Spatialities of the Nordic Compact City". W Socio-Spatial Theory in Nordic Geography, 191–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04234-8_11.
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AbstractThe compact city has become the preferred and mainstream model for urban, peri-urban and sometimes even rural planning in the Nordic context. However, the compact city is increasingly contested as a model for sustainability and may be criticized for a functionalistic perspective on social practices and transitions. Besides, the compact city model is part of increasing transnational or global urban policy mobilities including generic models and strategies, and it may be argued that this contributes to the de-contextualisation of urban planning and development. In this chapter we scrutinize the spatialities of the compact city model and examine how the compact city model has played out in the Nordic context – focusing in particular on Oslo. We ask: how is the compact city developed and promoted as a spatial model? We argue that although the compact city has to some extent been promoted in influential policy circles as a universal model, the compact city in Oslo has some distinct features shaped by the Nordic context. In particular, these features can be attributed to welfare state governance centred on the public sector, yet it is also here we find some of the most significant differences between the Nordic countries. In closing, we discuss whether there is such a thing as a Nordic compact city model, and point to some of its political, social and cultural implications. Is there a pathway for a re-contextualized, relational and grounded compact city model?
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Sanderson, Andrew A. F. "Rural Practice Payments". W Income Generation in General Practice, 35–36. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375984-12.
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"Serving the Community: The Rural General Practice Nurse". W Nursing Practice, Policy and Change, 154–71. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315378503-19.
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Khan, Shereen Yunus. "Sustainable Rural Development". W Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 296–311. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7158-2.ch017.
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Sustainable development on social, economic, and ecological dimensions explores the approaches embracing the wellbeing for the rural communities. The chapter initiated with the description of sustainability by providing its comprehensive dimensions, proceeds to development by explaining the essential steps of development process as analysis, requirements, planning, implementation, and evaluation. After in-depth interpretation of sustainability and development, the chapter focused its discussion on sustainable rural development by emphasizing the demarcation of rural communities, their distinctive features and portrayal of needs confronted by rural communities, the core values and importance of sustainable rural development for the general awareness and setting grounds for policy makers. Rural zones are subject to socioeconomic problems. To lead human existence towards prosperity and progression depiction of UN established 17 sustainable development goals known as global goals are undertaken. Measures of sustainable rural development reviewed to recommend new strategies.
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Deering, Patricia, i Arthur Tatnall. "Adoption of ICT in an Australian Rural Division of General Practice". W Encyclopedia of Healthcare Information Systems, 23–29. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-889-5.ch004.
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Many information technology (IT) products have been developed to support medical general practitioners (GP) in all aspects of their work (GPSRG 1998), and much research and development in this area has already been done. It is apparent, however, that GPs are not making as much use of these systems as they could. Our research had shown that there is still reluctance, in particular, from many rural general practitioners to fully implement Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in primary health care in rural Australia (Everitt and Tatnall 2003). While a simple analysis of the statistics of the numbers of computers in medical practice shows that there are computers in most general practices it is not so clear how, or even whether, they are being used. Rural GPs, however, operate very much in the mode of small business (Burgess and Trethowan 2002). Some national research shows that GPs use ICT mainly for administrative and some clinical functions but that much less use is made of online functions (NHIMAC 1999; GPCG 2001). This is even more pronounced for rural GPs.
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Deering, Patricia, Arthur Tatnall i Stephen Burgess. "Adoption of ICT in Rural Medical General Practices in Australia". W Social Influences on Information and Communication Technology Innovations, 40–51. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1559-5.ch003.
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ICT has been used in medical General Practice throughout Australia now for some years, but although most General Practices make use of ICT for administrative purposes such as billing, prescribing and medical records, many individual General Practitioners themselves do not make full use of these ICT systems for clinical purposes. The decisions taken in the adoption of ICT in general practice are very complex, and involve many actors, both human and non-human. This means that actor-network theory offers a most suitable framework for its analysis. This article investigates how GPs in a rural Division of General Practice not far from Melbourne considered the adoption and use of ICT. The study reported in the article shows that, rather than characteristics of the technology itself, it is often seemingly unimportant human issues that determine if and how ICT is used in General Practice.
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Becker, Felicitas. "The growth of rural madrasa". W Becoming Muslim in Mainland Tanzania, 1890-2000. British Academy, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264270.003.0005.
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In parallel with mosques, centres of Quranic education, known locally as madrasa, sprang up in the countryside between c.1920 and 1960. They were small, poor, and often transient; their one defining feature was the presence of a mwalimu, a teacher. Comparison of the parallel development of madrasa and mission schools makes clear that the main reason for this divergence was not resistance to Christian elements in the missionaries' syllabus, but to the perceived interference of mission teachers with the authority of students' families and with local religious practices. By contrast, madrasa tolerated these practices and were more closely integrated into the social networks of parents. The spread of madrasa and of mission schools involves three subtle long-term processes. Topics covered include educational practice and the status of knowledge, madrasa and mission schools, unyago, colonial politics and local networks, schools and madrasa as local institutions, madrasa as sites of encounter with Muslim knowledge, imagining Muslim scholarship, and performance and orality in Muslim education. In general, the history of madrasa emphasizes an indirect association between education and social control – the complex status of knowledge.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Rural general practice"
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Wen, Xiaoy, Guoquan Zhang i Qiuyi Jiang. "Exploration and practice of formulating strategic planning for rural revitalization in the Shanghai metropolitan area ——take the rural revitalization of Jinxi town in Kunshan as an example". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/typk9673.
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China's urban and rural development has entered a new stage of comprehensive transformation. The advent of the era of metropolitan development and the strategy of Rural Revitalization are two important national strategic backgrounds of this study. As the highest urbanization rate in Southern Jiangsu, rural and urban development needs synchronous resonance. Rural areas, as an important role in the integration of the Yangtze River Delta and the development of Shanghai Metropolitan Area, play an important role in regional cohesion and complementary functions, and are an important part in the overall construction of the metropolitan area. Jinxi Town is located in the southern end of Jiangsu Province, bordering Qingpu District of Shanghai, and between Suzhou and Shanghai. In ancient China, Jinxi was a traditional town of fish and rice and water culture. During the period of reform and opening-up, Jinxi worked closely with surrounding cities to create a brilliant chapter of "Sunan Model" and "Kunshan Model". In the new stage of development, Jinxi Town shoulders the heavy responsibility of more ecological functions and reduction of construction land indicators. It is not only more responsible for ensuring food production safety and protecting ecological functions, but also more demanding for rural revitalization. It is also more urgent to study its development path and strategy. Firstly, this paper takes Jinxi's contemporary mission as the starting point, secondly, through the analysis of Jinxi's function orientation, population, industry and space, and then puts forward the general strategic requirements of Rural Revitalization according to these four aspects. Thirdly, it demonstrates several different types of villages in Jinxi town, respectively. The cases of upgrading agriculture, industrial integration and development, demonstration of rural community and industrial retreat to build Jinxi Town to revitalize villages in the countryside. Finally, through the follow-up revision and improvement of planning formulation, to help the effective implementation of Jinxi Town's Rural Revitalization strategic planning. Through this study on the Rural Revitalization of Jinxi Town, on the one hand, it comprehensively implements the national deployment and the task of Jiangsu as a benchmark; on the other hand, it earnestly follows the law of rural selfdevelopment, and in the theoretical category of regional economy, it is based on the development of metropolitan area and the background of Rural Revitalization era, with Chinese characteristics, Shanghai. The road of Rural Revitalization in metropolitan area. At the same time, this paper expects to provide ideas and methods for the compilation of strategic planning for Rural Revitalization in metropolitan areas.
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Konkovs, Karlis Aleksandrs, i Raimonds Ernsteins. "Municipal Lake governance Developments in Latvia: Towards Complex Approach Management Practice". W 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.014.
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Latvia has a significant number of lakes, even eventually more as 10 000 as they never been fully accounted, but just comparatively small number are subject to lake governance, since the entire national lake governance system is still under development and currently mostly municipalities themselves are step-wise developing and realising lake management plans, but municipal capacities vary significantly. According to EU Water framework directive, there are four river basin management systems established in Latvia, having related water and risk management documents in place, as well as, in the past decade, there have been both national and regional level planning guidelines developed for lake and river waterbodies management, but all mentioned has been not yet utilized in local practice, having some legal responsibilities’ and admin capacities’ deficiencies. Despite this, there has been seen slow improvement of the water quality and socio-economic usage of lakes, but more in the lake management practice is to be done, accounting also for climate change. The goal of this research was to study the municipal level lake management practice developments, applying general research-and-development (R&D) framework approach and researching particularly the status and development trends of the three governance’s dimensions’ employment – governance content by socio-ecological system (SES) approach, governance segments as for main stakeholders’ involvement and participation, as well as, the set of governance instruments, especially, institutional/administrative ones. There were chosen pilot municipalities, having diverse and successful lake management approaches utilised, and, for the first study stage, document analysis and semi-structured interviews with related municipal specialists were done, using case study research (CSR) methodology application. There were recognized five lake management approaches, even in most municipalities in Latvia, particularly in rural ones, lake management is traditionally done by the scarce municipal territory administrative units and Utilities departments/services, and, only limited number of municipalities, also particularly studied, have developed and are employing for lake management also nature resource/environmental departments, while only in few municipalities there are established special municipal lake management agencies. Promising looks NGO sector management approach used by some municipalities, both top-down either bottom-up establishment chosen to apply, but as most perspective could be recognised complex approach (cross-sector) management practice, where most or all above mentioned approaches are combined and complementary supporting each other, within particular municipality. All studied municipalities possess certain lake management success stories, to be studied further in very detail, however, in general, there is to be seen still limited understanding and utilisation of the SES approach, also still potential of various stakeholder’s involvement and pro-active development of all complementary governance instruments, even many of instruments are available in studied municipalities, but lake communication instruments (information, education/training, participation and lake-friendly behaviour) are mostly underdeveloped.
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Usca, Svetlana, Janis Dzerviniks, Velta Lubkina, Aija Vindece i Janis Poplavskis. "Development of Teachers' Digital Competence: Problems and Solutions in Latvia". W 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.036.
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The data obtained from the Latvian National research programme “Life with COVID-19: Evaluation of the coming coronavirus crisis in Latvia and recommendations for social resilience in the future (CoLife)” show that the successful implementation of remote learning requires the improvement of teachers' digital competence. The professional development courses organized before the COVID-19 pandemic (their content, form) do not meet the needs of the real situation. It is necessary to look for new forms so that the content of professional development courses meets the needs of current general education teachers, including not only general skills characterizing digital competence, but also specific ones related to the level of education (age of learners) and field of study. The aim of the research: to identify the needs of general education teachers for the development of digital competence and to prepare proposals for the implementers of professional competence development courses. Research methods: online survey of 559 teachers, survey of 6 experts, quantitative data processing in SPSS program, content analysis of qualitative data. The research concluded that teachers' professional competence development courses should be practice-oriented, as close as possible to the technical capabilities of an educational institution, as well as considering the current needs of teachers, the field of subjects taught and the level of education at which they work.
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Delgado, Ivan. "Unlearning Architecture(s)". W 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.31.
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Much of an architect´s training occurs by a process of elimination. We must unlearn many things to learn the new ones; in our particular Costa Rican educational context learning to produce correct architecture seems to start with the assumption that most of what we see in our cities is wrong. But when it comes to construction we move between two traditions: the academic one and the informal one. These traditions seem to dismiss each other, an architect would consider the products of informality ingenuous, a person operating within the informal tradition in need of the materialization of the preconceived idea of a house would normally consider an architecta luxury. According to the National Architectural College 23% of overall construction lacked permits in 2014, a percentage slightly higher than the previous year, this nevertheless renders only partial understanding the phenomenon. Which of the two traditions accounts for the majority of what is built in this country? What significant informal knowledge percolates to the present after a much longer presence than formal education and how is it transmitted? What role does representation play in the informal tradition ? are instructions drawn or narrated ?… How do architects unlearn what they do not understand in full? A house designed by the author in the rural North of Costa Rica functions as a catalyst for further investigation on how the upbringing of an architect collides with more traditional ways of building. In a village where, no other architect has practiced before the author discovers several categories of construction, from the temporary huts vendors use to sell fruits and milking parlors, to houses that have been built following traditional “recipes”. The house learns lessons of practicality from these structures and is informed by their aesthetics. It also employs the old“vara” (0.84 m) as the unit of measurement in an attempt to make itself communicable to local builders. In practice, due to the lack of skill for reading formal construction drawings, the instructions to build the house end up being narrated rather than read. This paper will study informal construction in Costa Rica which is symptomatic of Latin America in general particularly in rurality where it occurs the most. It will collect information from specific cases on how decisions where made and how they were transmitted, and will look for ways to hierarchize them in order to identify which are part of a basic set of instructions (or recipe, meaning there can be small creative variations of the ingredients) and which take place as more significant deviations from those instructions. It will also propose ways to convey the graphic implications of this information that is compatible with the inflections that occur in the orality of these particular context, and finally it will put forward a discussion on ways for an architect to learn from and operate within it, anticipating that our built environment takes shape as a trade-off between both traditions.
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Šneler, Filip, Gordana Brcković i Trina Mjeda. "Evaluating Environmentally Sustainable Production Practices in Rural Areas". W 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.299.
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Forests and forestry are the ecological and economic infrastructure of every state. The EU strategy for the forest-based sector is particularly related to rural development, since, in such areas, forests are mostly spread, thus representing an opportunity for more balanced development, or in other words - survival of rural areas. Croatia is no exemption. The goal of forest management in the Republic of Croatia is the sustainable and harmonious use of all forest functions and the permanent improvement of their condition, by promoting environmentally sustainable production practices in such a way that the local or rural environment has financial benefits. Looking at forests as perfect factories, ranging from the production of wood pulp as raw materials, oxygen and food, water purifiers, carbon tanks and all the way to the intangible and generally useful functions of forests, it is necessary to observe their all-encompassing importance. We are facing global climate change, which significantly influences the restoration and erection of new forest stands, that is one of the most important procedures for sustainable forest management in Croatia. Current techniques and knowledge that are being applied contribute to discouraging results, therefore it is crucial to introduce and promote new environmentally friendly practices, aiming to increase the productive function of forest land and forest as an ecosystem. In accordance with the sustainable development of forest land, research was conducted in the lowland part of Sisak-Moslavina County in Croatia. The aim of the research is to study the cost-effectiveness and compare the adaptation of new methods and practices of reforestation, with the end result of the forested area as a production unit, and that was conducted working on two land sections. On the surface of the first section, which was previously chemically prepared, a classic renovation was performed by sowing acorns employing a spreader. The acorn was collected by the local population. Processing of the second section included planting seedlings, while the section was previously mechanically prepared by grinding biomass and an integral method of soil preparation in rows with a spacing of 3 m. The internal planting distance between the plants was 0.80 - 1.0 m, and work was carried out with the help of external contractors, the local population. The use of new environmentally sustainable technologies has resulted in 29% higher financial costs of forestation. However, using new practices compared to the classical ones, the financial viability in terms of economic profit of the rural area was determined. The application of new silvicultural practices is initially more expensive, but results in a shorter period of time to achieve targeted results, while the increase in costs refers to the involvement of the local community that participated in the works.
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Felcis, Elgars, i Weronika Felcis. "Ready for change? Interlinkages of traditional and novel practices through permaculture". W 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.056.
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This paper is based on ongoing participatory action research in Latvia since 2016. The research was initially developed within the Marie Curie Innovative Training Network SUSPLACE and is further advanced by the Latvian Council of Science funded project ‘Ready for change? Sustainable management of common natural resources (RFC)’. By using this approach, the researchers aim to, firstly, synthesise natural, climate science and economic systems evidence of the immense transformations required towards regeneration and, secondly, engage in active knowledge brokerage and societal change advancement. Authors encourage to limit the application of the abused term ‘sustainable’ as it has rather meant to ‘sustain the unsustainable’ across the last decades and to follow the logic of ‘regeneration’ instead. The bridging of practices with the permaculture movement can be summarised in three broad groups of regenerative transformations to develop resilience against environmental breakdown – firstly, organic growing or gardening, secondly, ecological building, and thirdly, ecological lifestyle practices. These examples are arising both from particular collaborations with the selected permaculture homesteads as well as from the general environmental and social activism in Latvia. A common expression claims that ‘everything new is well forgotten old’. It resonates very well with the permaculture ethics and movement emphasising not forgetting yet critically assessing the long-developed skills and practices. This paper demonstrates that in addition to the challenging global aims, on the local level the success of permaculture depends on its ability to be deeply embedded in localities and revive cultural, local practices that people feel a connection to.
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Repečkienė, Aušra, Daiva Vareikaitė i Renata Žvirelienė. "Benefits of Vocational Teachers’ Participation in Projects under Erasmus+ Programme: The Case of Lithuania". W 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.027.
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Embracing the financing opportunities offered by the European Union, vocational schools draw up applications for various projects, mostly for implementation of international partnerships, dissemination of best practices, and exchange programmes, involving the general education and vocational teachers as well as students, student assistance specialists, and school principals. Vocational training institutions generally engage in projects under the Erasmus+ strategic partnership programme aimed at long-term mobility of vocational teachers and other participants of vocational training. When assessing the importance of Erasmus+ projects in the context of vocational training quality in Lithuania, the authors of the paper aimed at identifying the benefits of vocational teachers’ participations in projects under the Erasmus+ programme. Seeking for the research objective, a qualitative research approach was selected applying the triangulation principle. Document analysis method was invoked to examine the project activities documents of 26 Lithuanian vocational training institutions. Benefits experienced by vocational teachers experienced in project activities were analysed applying a semi-structured interview for the interviewing of 9vocational teachers and vocational teachers who served as international project coordinators in more than two national and international projects in 2015–2019. The study revealed that in Lithuania, projects implemented in vocational training institutions having the largest experience of international projectactivities were associated with vocational teachers’ qualification improvement, introduction of innovations, and renovation and expansion of infrastructure. Benefits of involvement in project activities are diverse, starting with improvement of the learning process, relationships with the learners, and vocational teachers become open to changes. The major benefit of project activities gained by vocational teachers is oriented to experiential learning, when learning occurs through personal experience.
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GUO, YIJIA, i YI WEI. "ANALYSIS OF RURAL REVITALIZATION PATHS BASED ON THE MULTI-FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION: A CASE STUDY OF 101 TOWNS IN LIAOCHENG, CHINA". W 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED EDUCATION AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT (AEIM 2021). Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/aeim2021/35978.
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Abstract. The objective assessment of rural multi-functionality is the key to formulating rural development strategies. This paper constructs a rural multi-functional evaluation index system to evaluate the multi-functional values of production, life and ecology of 101 towns in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. Based on survey data, multi-source spatial data and statistical data, draw a radar map of the multi-functional development model of the town. The results show that: (1) There are significant differences in the multi-functional development of 101 towns in Liaocheng. According to the average value, the order is ecological function (0.3755)>life function (0.2418)>production function (0.1556). Rural areas generally lag behind in terms of production function. (2) Ecological high-value areas are relatively evenly distributed in all districts and counties. High-value production areas are mainly located around Dongchangfu District. High-value areas for living functions are mainly located around the central urban areas of Dong'e County, Chiping District and Dongchangfu District. (3) It can be divided into three types: balanced, compound and dominant. Among the subdivision models, there is still no high-equilibrium model with a higher degree of development. Low-equilibrium and traditional townships account for 52% of the total evaluation objects. According to the evaluation and classification results, the article analyzes the influence of central city radiation effect, economic foundation, cultural atmosphere, etc. on rural multi-functionality. Combining the practice of agricultural land reform and rural asset activation, the article discusses the multi-functional development path of different types of rural development, which provides scientific advice for promoting rural transformation and development and promoting rural revitalization.
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Rinne, Kelli, i Ene Lind. "Factors Influencing Learning Interest in Handicraft Lessons". W 15th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2022.15.022.
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Interest in learning is a topic that has provided research material to many researchers around the world. The causes of declining learning interest in different subjects have been studied, as well as how to support and stimulate students’ interest in learning. Research has shown that the main reasons for declining learning interest are the nature of the learning tasks (too easy or too difficult, not interesting) and the attitude of the teacher. Handicraft and home economics in the Estonian general education curriculum is a practical integrated subject where students can apply the knowledge they have acquired in different subjects and realize their creative ideas. Thus, it could be assumed that the subject is of interest to students. At the same time, based on student surveys and classroom observations, it can be stated that there are students in almost every class and school who are not interested in learning a craft and are not motivated to participate in the learning activities. As craft lessons differ from other lessons due to their practical nature, it was decided to investigate the learning interest in handicraft. The aim of the study was to identify the factors influencing learning interest in handicraft lessons in order to understand how handicraft teachers could support students’ learning. A quantitative research method was chosen for the research, and a survey was used as a research instrument. As a result of the research, it can be stated that comparing the factors influencing learning interest in handicraft lessons with the results of other similar research, we can state that although handicraft is slightly different from other subjects due to its practical nature, the factors influencing learning interest are similar across the subjects. The interest in the subject largely depends on the age of the students and the activities of the teacher.
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Calderas Volcanes, Rubén José, i Emilio Germán Moreno González. "MISUSE OF SPEED-BUMPS ON TWO-LANE MAIN RURAL ROADS. A GENERALIZED PRACTICE IN VENEZUELA". W CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.2255.
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Settlements of uncontrolled population on side of road in Venezuela originate the excessive use of traffic speed reducers to mitigate accidents. Misuse of these speed control devices generate problem of functionality in the two-lane main rural roads which requires to be studied to demonstrate its effect on the capacity and level of service. Although other factors may occur (i.e, environmental problems and health), the disproportionate use of speed-bumps worsens circulation quality by increase of travel time as most sensitive parameter. Where this effect not can be reversed it should be made efforts to mitigate speed using another traffic-calming device. The studied stretches are selected according to particular characteristics such as: urban settlement, isolated speed-bump and its installation in series, including case without speed-bumps which guarantees the proper contrast. Video cameras to detect the travel time of vehicles are used in each road section, it allow the measures of other parameters.The travel time distribution with or without speed-bumps and probability distribution that characterizes vehicle movement in each stretch allows the simulation and modeling with the ARENA software. Travel time allows obtain the speed which, together with the volume of traffic, determines the level of service according to the Highway Capacity Manual criterion. The economic cost of substitute measures versus travel time is evaluated and may be useful in decision-making or implementation of better policies by transport governmental institutions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2255
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Rural general practice"
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Herbert, Sian. Women’s Meaningful Participation in Water Security. Institute of Development Studies, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.063.
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This rapid literature review explores gender transformative practices and the meaningful participation of women in water security. There is large and growing literature base on gender and water, with most of it coming from a health, or sanitation and hygiene perspective, and most focussing on access, quality, and women as vulnerable water users and or women and water in rural communities (de Silva, Veilleux & Neal, 2018). There has been a growth in focus on women’s participation in water governance, and particularly a more recent focus on meaningful participation. However, as yet, the literature is much more limited in this latter area, and the practical advances in women’s meaningful participation (“gender transformative processes”) in water security have also been more limited than progress in other areas (Ozano, et al., 2022). This rapid review found a lot of literature focusses on a few countries including: Kenya, India, and Nepal. As de Silva, et al. (2018, p.212) explain in their work on transboundary water, there is limited evidence on “the role of women as agents of change within a decision-making, transboundary water context and almost every paper that promised to do so in some way, ended up focusing on specific developing countries and women as direct water users”. As for the effectiveness of certain practices over others, and over different timeframes, there is little empirical information on this, yet there are a lot of critical reflections in the literature on the broad barriers to meaningful participation. And there are general recommendations for how to make progress on this agenda. This rapid review is indicative of the most commonly discussed issues in the literature, but is not inclusive of all of the many related issues.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa i Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong i Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.
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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.