Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Routledge advances in regional economics”

W wydawnictwie Routledge – Taylor & Francis Group ukazała się drukiem monografia pt. „The Economic Geography of the Car Market. The Automobile Revolution in an Emerging Economy” pod redakcją dr. Bartłomieja Kołsuta i prof. dr. hab. Tadeusza Stryjakiewicza. Jest to już trzecia w tym roku książka opublikowana w wydawnictwie Routledge pod redakcją i z udziałem pracowników Zakładu Geografii Ekonomicznej UAM. Została wydana w ramach serii Routledge Advances in Regional Economics, Science and Policy. Więcej informacji dostępnych jest na stronie wydawnictwa:https://www.routledge.com/The-Economic-Geography-of-the-Car-Market-The-Automobile-Revolution-in-an/Kolsut- Stryjakiewicz/p/book/9781032314204

Interregionalism and International Relations, Heiner Hänggi, Ralf Roloff and Jürgen Rüland, eds., Routledge Advances in International Relations and Global Politics; London: Routledge, 2006, pp. 364.How do we explain a widespread international phenomenon that only occasionally contributes to the geo-strategic or economic interests of the participating states? This book is about interregionalism, the international organizations and institutions that link regional organizations from more than one region of the world (as, for example, ASEM, also known as Asia-Europe Meeting) or that span across more than one region, such as APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation) or FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas). The fact is that few of these institutions have accomplished much in concrete terms, yet they continue to proliferate, as the four-and-a-half page list of acronyms at the beginning of this volume amply demonstrates.

- (Paper first received, February 2009; in final form, June 2009) Macroeconomic regional growth models have experienced many advances have been achieved for what concerns both the theoretical and the methodological approaches, the former moving from constant to increasing returns models, the latter from a-spatial to spatial techniques. Many italian original contributions can be found in the vast literature in this field, which witness the active role played by italian scholars and by regional scientists, in particular. Original contributions in Italy cover both theoretical issues, like the definition of regional competitiveness, or advances in the new economic geography, as well as methodological issues. This wide spectrum of italian original contributions also covers empirical analyses with innovative statistical methods. The paper ends in a prospective way, by highlighting future research directions that should be followed by italian scholars.Keywords: macroeconomic regional growth models, theories and methodologiesJEL Classification: R10, R11, R15

Abstract Advances in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) technology have spurred a re-examination of technology’s impacts on jobs and the economy. This article reviews several key contributions to the current jobs/AI debate, discusses their limitations and offers a modified approach, analysing two quantitative models in tandem. One uses robot stock data from the International Federation of Robotics as the primary indicator of robot use, whereas the other uses online job postings requiring robot-related skills. Together, the models suggest that since the Great Recession ended, robots have contributed positively to manufacturing employment in the USA at the metropolitan level.

Purpose This paper aims to examine the housing market in Greece after the Global Financial Crisis focussing on regional analysis and urban markets in Athens and Thessaloniki. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a data set of over 70,750 property values from 2007 until 2014 incorporating characteristics variables upon which hedonic models are estimated. These form the bases for calculating value indices for mix adjusted houses/apartments by year and region. The indices are used in a panel model in which regional and economic variables are included as independent variables. Using advances in dynamic panel data modelling, a bias-corrected least squares dummy variable corrected (LSDVC) model is applied. Findings Results indicate the importance of macroeconomic variables in terms of the role of disposable income and significantly different regional effects. Examining the major urban markets, results indicate significant differences in the response of house values to exogenous demand side influences, consistent with the finding of significant regional differences in the LSDVC. Research limitations/implications While data on valuations are used that may contain smoothing, the data set covers a large sample of residential properties. As regional economic differences are significant and persistent, housing markets will also behave differently, and hence national policies, unless targeted, will have regionally differentiated effects. Practical implications Regional heterogeneity needs to be considered in model estimation. Social implications Policymakers should consider regional differences to improve policy effectiveness. Originality/value This is the first paper to use a large sample of residential properties in Greece and apply the LSDVC model to overcome estimation biases.

This article investigates the influence of economic and demographic factors on the probability of employment in the digital economy. In today’s information society, where digital technologies are becoming an integral part of business and production, it is important to understand how various factors related to economics and demographics can influence employment opportunities. This article analyzes a number of factors, such as education and skills, age, gender, regional differences, income and social status, policy and regulation, technological advances, and the digital divide. Each of these factors can influence the likelihood of employment in the digital economy.

National interest in the effects of the U.S. food system has risen to such a level that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies was compelled recently to publish A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System (IOM/NRC 2015), focusing on health, environmental, and economic and social variables. While providing a useful framework, the volume stopped short of actually carrying out studies to validate or test the assumptions of the framework. In addition to having measurable societal effects, food systems are also being affected by powerful secular forces that range from rising income inequality, consolidation and rationalization in retailing, consumer preferences for local and regional foods, to changes in climate and competition for land associated with urbanization. In parallel, an expanding “food movement” has emerged that, with little formal or rigorous analysis, has become highly critical of the food system and its consequent health, environmental, and economic and social effects.

Pierre-Jean Benghozi and Christian Delage, eds., Une histoire économique du cinéma français (1895–1995): Regards croisés franco-américains (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1997), 364pp., €28.97, ISBN 2-7384-5852-1. Laurent Creton, Economie du cinéma: perspectives stratégiques (Paris: Nathan, collection ‘Nathan Université’, 1994), 288 pp., €21.19, ISBN 209-190-219-5. Laurent Creton, Cinéma et marché (Paris: Armand Colin, collection ‘U’, 1997), 254 pp., €20.58, ISBN 2-200-01769-3. Eric Dubet, Economie du cinéma européen: de l'interventionnisme à l'action entrepreneuriale Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000), 286 pp., €22.87, ISBN 2-7384-9043-3. Martin Dale, The Movie Game: The Film Business in Britain, Europe and America (London: Cassell, 1997), 340 pp., $19.95 (pb), ISBN 0-304-33387-5. Jean-Michel Frodon, La projection nationale: cinéma et nation, collection ‘Le champ méthodologique’ (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1998), 248 pp., €20.58, ISBN 2-7381-0586-6. Andrew Higson and Richard Maltby, eds., Film Europe and Film America: Cinema, Commerce and Cultural Exchange (1920–1939) (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1999), 406 pp., £40.00, ISBN 0-85989-546-7. Albert Moran, ed., Film Policy: International, National and Regional Perspectives (London: Routledge, 1996), 286 pp., $24.99, ISBN 0-415-09791-6. David Puttnam, The Undeclared War: The Struggle for Control of the World's Film Industry (London: HarperCollins, 1997), 414 pp., £7.99 (pb), ISBN 0-00-255675-8. Jonathan Rosenbaum, Movie Wars: How Hollywood and the Media Conspire to Limit What Films We Can See (Chicago: A Cappella, 2000), 228 pp., $24.00, ISBN 1-55652-406-4.

Abstract Recent advances in global production network theory, known as GPN 2.0, provide a theoretically sophisticated framework for understanding the articulation of global production systems with regional development trajectories. However, this framework was largely derived from lessons out of empirical analyses of the strategic coupling and value capture trajectories of firms in certain manufacturing and service sector ‘hot spots’, primarily in East and Southeast Asia, and its wider applicability for other contexts remains uncertain. This paper aims to address this lacuna by examining the potential for GPN 2.0 to understand regional development trajectories in agricultural production landscapes in the Global South dominated by smallholder-based farms that generate outputs for national and international markets. The distinctive characteristics of smallholders throw up significant challenges for the explanatory applicability of GPN 2.0 for rural development, at least as it has been developed so far. A key challenge is that smallholders cannot be considered equivalent to ‘firms’ as conceived in GPN 2.0. To overcome this problem, this paper argues for bringing a livelihoods perspective to bear on GPN 2.0. We illustrate the usefulness of this approach through reference to a case study of potato contract farming in Maharastra, India.

The paper deals with regional policies towards temporary labour migration (or the movement of natural persons) with specific reference to the liberalization of trade in services. The paper deals with policies towards labour migration, and progress in related Mode 4 negotiations within the GATS framework, among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN. It finds that unilateral, national policies rather than regional or multilateral commitments dominate in policies towards temporary foreign workers. Despite advances on administrative issues, little progress has been made towards achieving ‘GATS-Plus’ outcomes, partly because of the lack of a strong political commitment among member countries to liberalizing the entry of foreign workers and partly because of real or imagined shortcomings in the ‘architecture’ for Mode 4 negotiations. Weak political will has led to relatively shallow commitments with a focus on skilled workers over unskilled migrants. With regard to architectural issues, we draw attention to the weaknesses of the ‘positive list’ approach in services trade negotiations, specifically with regard to the case of labour migration. However, the interpretation of the relationship between different modes of supply has also tended to inhibit regional negotiations for Mode 4. In particular, we point to the neglect of the potential importance of independent suppliers of services. It is concluded that the ASEAN countries need to place more emphasis on regional priorities and problems in seeking more open worker flows within the region.

As a cross-discipline between linguistics and economics, the Economics of Language has been widely discussed by scholars both at home and abroad in recent years as economic globalization advances. Among them, English, as the most widely spoken language in the world, is involved in many economic activities of human beings. The location disadvantage of inland minority regions makes their average English education level low. Therefore, this study analyzes the costs and benefits of individual English education investment based on the Economics of Language and human capital investment theory, using questionnaire survey method and cost-benefit analysis method in economics, and taking English majors of Yanbian minority as the research object. The results of the study show that the benefits of personal investment in foreign language education of English majors in Yanbian minority areas outweigh the costs, and it is also an effective economic investment behavior. The results of this study can also provide an empirical basis for the formulation of policies on English education and economic development in ethnic minority regions. And to a certain extent, they can contribute to the economic development of ethnic minority regions, promote foreign communication and provide some help for regional language policies.

High Technology entrepreneurship is very important aspect in many debates, including those which are regarding launching new firms and development, regional economic development, section of stakeholders, selection of markets, educating managers and scientists.The purpose of this article is to define the high technology entrepreneurship, and identify its various aspects in relation with economics, entrepreneurship and management.High technology entrepreneurship is an investment in a project that uses various specialized individuals and various assets to create and capture the value of firm. Collaborative experiments and production of new products, assets and their attributes, which related to advances in scientific and technological knowledge and the firm’s asset ownership rights are the various factors which distinguishes Technology entrepreneurship from other entrepreneurship types (e.g. Social entrepreneurship, Small business and Self employment).

AbstractThis article advances the understanding of ‘hedging’ in international politics by highlighting and examining the limits to smaller powers’ hedging behavior. Building on the line of reasoning that hedging is an outcome of regional or state-level, rather than system-level, variables, the article suggests that the room for hedging available to smaller states shrinks as great powers become more competitive and attempt to balance against one another. With an empirical focus on the post-Cold War South China Sea region, particularly the evolving behavior of the Philippines, Vietnam, and Malaysia, the article demonstrates how, under the conditions of growing China–US competition, these regional states start moving from hedging to more pronounced bandwagoning vis-à-vis great powers regardless their domestic-level sociopolitical dispositions. Therefore, hedging has limits and can be envisaged as a ‘luxury’ that is inversely related to the intensity of great power balancing.

This study examines the key factors that are associated with the geography of economic segregation across US metros. It connects the sociological literature on the extent and variation of economic segregation to the urban economics literature on the factors associated with urban and regional performance. It advances the hypothesis that economic segregation will be greater in larger, denser, more knowledge-based regions as well as in light of racial factors and income inequality. It utilizes measures of Income, Educational, and Occupational Segregation along with a combined measure of Overall Economic Segregation. Our findings are in line with the hypothesis and indicate that economic segregation is associated with larger, denser, more highly educated metros. Economic segregation is also to a certain extent related with race and ethnicity, commuting style, and income inequality.

- (Paper first received, July 2009; in final form, September 2009) The paper fucuses on Italian contributions in the field of urban economics, mainly from a theoretical and empirical point of view. The Italian tradition is characterized by a constant conceptualization effort of the city as a socio-economic archetype, an original historical organizational model of labor, activities and society; the approach generally merges mainstream, mainly neoclassical, tools with more heterodox, evolutionary but also classical economic concepts. In more specific fields, relevant advances were achieved in the theorization, measurement and simulation of optimal city size; in the interpretation of the urban crisis ŕ la Baumol, considering inter-sectoral but also inter-regional exchange relationships; in the analysis of urban forms and their impact on sustainability and social welfare; in dynamic modelling of the urban hierarchy and the theorization of city-networks, based on the advantages of synergy and division of labour; on a proper understanding of territorial competitiveness and the nature of urban land rent.Keywords: urban economics, competitiveness, urban land rent, agglomerationJEL Classification: R12, R14, R15

Advances in communication and information technology enable companies to have more and more data and knowledge about individual consumers. As a consequence, products and services can be marketed more specifically or even customized according to the preference of the consumer. In this paper we argue that we are currently witnessing the emergence of a consumer-centered economy. In such an economy, the success of firms depends on how well they are able to integrate consumer information into the process of value addition. Producing standardized products will offer few prospects for success, even when integrated into regional or global value chains. For Asia, this new trend means that developing countries need to rapidly upgrade the skills of their work force, improve their information technology and transport connectivity, and lower their trade costs.

The research entitled "The structure, meaning, and types of superstitions of the people of Kesik Village, Masbagik District, East Lombok Regency" aims to preserve traditional regional culture that can enrich the nation's cultural treasures so that they are not extinct by the times and advances in technology. The entry of foreign cultures can also affect the extinction of regional culture which has become the identity of the community since ancient times. Data collection was done by unstructured but focused interview method, applying recording technique, note-taking technique, and observation, all informants were taken from the old group and the young group. Then the data obtained were analyzed using structural approach and semiotic theory. Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the superstition of Kesik village has icons, symbols, indexes, and 4 kinds of structures, namely: a) cause-effect, b) cause-effect-conversion, c) cause-effect, d) effect-conversion. As for the types, they are a) superstition about the human life, b) superstition about human body and medicine. d) superstition about human jobs and social relationship, e) superstition about traveling, f) superstition about the other live. Superstition in the Kesik village community, whether consciously or not, contains many teachings of educational values that lead people to goodness, while the teachings conveyed through their meaning are in the form of teachings on how to speak and behave.

Ambulatory surgery has been increasingly performing in our country. We had discussed our results in our ambulatory surgery clinic during eight months period. All patients underwent ambulatory surgery in our clinic from 4th January 2007 to 31th August 2007 enrolled in this study. Preoperative, peroperative and postoperative results were reviewed retrospectively for all patients. Patients demographic data, departments performed surgery, operations, duration of surgery, ASA classification, anesthesia methods and applied medicines, intra- and postoperative complications, postoperative recovery time from anesthesia, discharge ratio and times were all evaluated.In our outpatient surgery clinic,.since 4th January 2007, 1542 patients had been operated. While %67.83 of all patients were ASA I, %21.27 of all patients were ASA II and %10.24 of all patients were ASA III. The most common operations were excision of mass and biopsy applications. The most frequently used type of anaesthesia was local anesthesia. The most common regional technic was spinal anesthesia. Postoperative mean recovery time from anesthesia was 27.07±13.98minutes. Thanks to advances in surgery and anesthesiology, a lot of anesthesia techniques could be performed safely with proper patient and anesthesiologic techniques selection in ambulatory clinics.

In high-stakes resource use struggles currently playing out across the world, different beliefs about economics and "growth-first" regional development underpin decisions and dynamics that have far-reaching consequences. Neoliberalizing political economies rely on the maintenance of particular beliefs associated with these themes, and work to delegitimize and silence alternatives. Thus understanding the beliefs of actors concerning these themes, especially with respect to neoliberal ideas, is key to understanding these sociopolitical struggles. This article uses a combination of literature review, critical discourse analysis and selected fieldwork data to explore the recent debate about coal seam gas (CSG) in Eastern Australia. In particular, it examines the ideas that underlie texts produced by CSG production companies, the Queensland Government, and Lock the Gate (a key group opposed to rapid CSG industry expansion). The analysis indicates that with respect to the above themes, Lock the Gate expresses their opposition to CSG through perspectives that mostly depart from those with a key role in maintaining neoliberalizing political economies. In contrast, the Queensland government and CSG companies, despite each encompassing significant internal diversity, have expressed relatively similar and consistent positions, aligned with neoliberalizing ideas. The article problematizes descriptions of the state government as a neutral arbitrator that can restore balance between the beliefs of gas companies and groups like Lock the Gate, and advances consideration of deeper differences.Key Words: coal seam gas, neoliberalizing discourse, regional development, role of government, Queensland

The purpose of this paper is to review international business articles, particularly what strategies in emerging economies and multinational enterprises subsidiaries strategies. There are two main papers utilized, the first one is Hoskisson, Eden, Lau and Wright's 2000 article, entitled Strategy in Emerging Economies. Strategy formulation and implementation by private and public enterprises in a variety of regional contexts and from three major theoretical perspectives: institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and the resource-based view of the firm. The second paper is Amy J Hillman and William P Wan's 2005 article, The Determinants of MNE Subsidiary Political Strategies: Evidence of Institutional Duality. Using recent theoretical advances in institutional theory that acknowledge that MNE subsidiaries face pressures for isomorphism both within the corporation (internal legitimacy) and within the host country (external legitimacy). A common thread can be drawn between these two articles, namely the use of institutional theory in determining the strategy for multinational enterprises.

In 2014, the United States, the European Union (EU) countries and some other states have imposed economic sanctions against Russia. The overcoming of sanctions requires an understanding of their effectiveness. Thus, we aimed to identify factors of the effectiveness of economic sanctions by reviewing the literature that considers sanctions as a tool for transforming the current national policies. The applied methodology of the systematic literature review (SLR) includes the following stages: 1) determining a basic sample of publications based on a keyword search in Web of Science, Scopus, Russian Science Citation Index, SSRN, EBSCO, Ideas/RePec, Google Scholar, Cambridge University Press, Routledge, De Gruyter JSTOR, Springer, Taylor & Francis; 2) identifying a representative sample based on the authors’ criteria (type of publication, language, character, content and context); 3) synthesising the representative sample; 4) reporting the research results. A method of comparative and graphical analysis was used to present the findings. The analysis of relevant literature allowed us to conclude that economic sanctions are more effective if 1) sanction costs for a target country are higher than for a sender, including those occurring as a result of regional inequality; 2) sanctions are designed as a short-term measure; 3) sanctions are multilateral and imposed by international institutes, including through regional trade agreements; 4) sanctions are targeted at democratic regimes. Moreover, the most preferred type of sanction — targeted (smart) sanctions — are less effective in achieving their goals than traditional comprehensive ones. Further review studies may focus on targeted economic sanctions (first and foremost in Russia) and include publications, analysing case studies of individual countries and industries.

Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it has faced challenges and criticisms, most notably a lack of clinical translation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical summary of the literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in schizophrenia. We begin by reviewing research on fMRI biomarkers in schizophrenia and the clinical high risk phase through a historical lens, moving from case‐control regional brain activation to global connectivity and advanced analytical approaches, and more recent machine learning algorithms to identify predictive neuroimaging features. Findings from fMRI studies of negative symptoms as well as of neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are then reviewed. Functional neural markers of these symptoms and deficits may represent promising treatment targets in schizophrenia. Next, we summarize fMRI research related to antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions, and neurostimulation, including treatment response and resistance, therapeutic mechanisms, and treatment targeting. We also review the utility of fMRI and data‐driven approaches to dissect the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, moving beyond case‐control comparisons, as well as methodological considerations and advances, including consortia and precision fMRI. Lastly, limitations and future directions of research in the field are discussed. Our comprehensive review suggests that, in order for fMRI to be clinically useful in the care of patients with schizophrenia, research should address potentially actionable clinical decisions that are routine in schizophrenia treatment, such as which antipsychotic should be prescribed or whether a given patient is likely to have persistent functional impairment. The potential clinical utility of fMRI is influenced by and must be weighed against cost and accessibility factors. Future evaluations of the utility of fMRI in prognostic and treatment response studies may consider including a health economics analysis.

Recent transformations following the global financial crisis of 2009, COVID-19 pandemic, supply chains disruptions and newest shocks have radically reshaped global production landscape and challenged comparative benefits of global production networks (GPN) vs global value chains (GVC) paradigms in international production analysis. The study tests the hypothesis that GPN concept allows for a better identification of structural shifts in international production structures while revealing regional patterns of cooperation. In the first section, the main methodological constraints of GVC paradigm are specified. Additionally, the reasons for the application of network-based approach to international production are outlined. The second section dissects the EU automotive manufacturing to support the theoretical propositions. While comparing GVC and GPN quantitative toolkits, the possible trade-off has been reached which is to calculate network indicators (transitivity, centrality, etc.) on the inter-country input-output tables. As a result, the hypothesis was confirmed. Specifically, betweenness centrality metric suggests that Czechia and Slovakia have immediately favoured a positive effect of the entry into the EU, whereas neither of GVC indicators reveals such a shift. Simultaneously, 2008 crisis is depicted via GVC indicators, whilst network metrics suggest no structural changes in the production system. These results corroborate to our theoretical juxtaposition of GVC/GPN approaches. The methodological cohesion of two sets of indicators further advances the views on European regional coreperiphery integration and automotive production networks dynamics. At the same time, the findings may contribute to the reassessment of regional integration developments in Europe, as well as in Latin America and Eurasia.

Alliances are subject to many scholarly inquiries in international relations and peace research because they are major instruments of foreign and security policies. Since the early work on alliances produced by the Correlates of War (COW) project, there have been significant advances in conceptual, theoretical, and empirical alliance research. New typologies and data permit us to differentiate more thoroughly among a variety of alliance objectives and functions. Furthermore, there has been new theoretical and empirical research on alliance formation, alliance configuration/polarization, effects of alliances on military conflict, connections between alliances and trade, and the economics of alliances. Providing new theoretical approaches, data, and empirical evidence on alliances, this special issue includes articles that address alliance formation, alliance polarization, alliances and democratization, trade among allies, regional economic institutions with alliance obligations, and defense industrial policies of military alliances. The articles in this issue extend our understanding of alliances past the traditional realist balance-of-power framework and encourage further testing and refinement of older alliance arguments and extensions to new theoretical developments.

The international trading order has lately come under increased pressure: the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) struggles to pass ratification; the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) negotiations are stalled; and the Trans- Pacific Partnership (TPP) has been downsized. The overarching issue is to find the right balance between trade liberalization, on the one hand, and non-trade values, on the other hand. Critics of the current system point out that the law as it stands emphasizes excessive trade liberalization to the detriment of the regulatory autonomy of national lawmakers. The author submits that the key clause affecting the entire system is the introductory clause of the general exceptions: the chapeau. This clause also features in free trade agreements (FTAs) and international investment agreements, as it is common practice to draw on the language of the WTO Agreement. The interpretative conflict pivots around two extremes: On one end of the spectrum, the chapeau is read as a stringent threshold requirement, thus reducing the policy space of states to regulate public welfare matters. On the other end, the chapeau reaffirms the tenet of good faith, which guides the performance of every treaty in any event. The author argues that the meaning of the chapeau should be clarified by negotiators in future FTAs, such as RCEP, with a view to curtailing its restrictive clout while maintaining its potential to promote good governance, notably administrative due process, and advances a concrete proposal to this effect.

NORTHERN IRELAND FROM THE AIR. Edited by R. Common, Belfast : Queen's University Geography Department, 1964. 104 pp., 44 plates, 1 folding map. 10 × 8 ins. 25s.THE CANALS OF THE NORTH OF IRELAND, by W. A. McCutcheon. Dawlish : David and Charles, and London : Macdonald and Co., 1965. 180 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/4 in. 36s.ULSTER AND OTHER IRISH MAPS c.1600. Edited by G. A. Hayes‐McCoy. Dublin : Irish Manuscripts Commission, 1964. 13 × 19 in. xv + 36 pp., 23. plates. £ 6.SOILS OF COUNTY WEXFORD. Edited by P. Ryan and M. J. Gardiner. Prepared and published by An Foras Talúntais (The Agricultural Institute), Dublin 1964. 171 pp. and three fold‐in maps. 30s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF SOIL, by Brian T. Bunting. London : Hutchinson's University Library, 1965. pp. 213. 14 figs. 12 tables. 7 1/2 × 5 in. 15s.THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF LANDFORMS. Vol. I : GEOMORPHOLOGY BEFORE DAVIS. Richard J. Chorley, Anthony J. Dunn and Robert P. Beckinsale. London : Methuen, 1964. 678 pp. 84s.A DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY, by F. J. Monkhouse. London : Edward. Arnold Ltd., 1965. 344 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 in. 35s.LA REGION DE L'OUEST, by Pierre Flatrès. Collection ‘France de Demain ‘. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1964. 31s. 6d.THE BRITISH ISLES : A SYSTEMATIC GEOGRAPHY. Edited by J. Wreford Watson and J. B. Sissons. Edinburgh : Thomas Nelson, 1964. 452 pp. 45s.SCANDINAVIAN LANDS, by Roy Millward. London : Macmillan, 1964. Pp. 448. 9 × 6 in. 45s.MERSEYSIDE, by R. Kay Gresswell and R. Lawton. British Landscapes Through Maps, No. 6. The Geographical Association, Sheffield, 1964. 36 pp. + 16 plates. 7 1/2 × 9 1/2 in. 5s.WALKING IN WICKLOW, by J. B. Malone. Dublin : Helicon Ltd., 1964. 172 pp. 7 × 4 #fr1/2> in. 7s.GREYSTONES 1864–1964. A parish centenary, 1964. 23 pp. 8 #fr1/4> × 5 1/2 in. 2s. 6d. Obtainable from the A.P.C.K., 37 Dawson Street, Dublin 2.DINNSEANCHAS. Vol. I, No. I. June 1964. An Cumann Logainmneacha, Baile Atha Cliath. Pp. 24. 5s.JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHERS OF IRELAND. Vol. I, Dublin. 1964.MAP READING FOR THE INTERMEDIATE CERTIFICATE, by Michael J. Turner. A. Folens : Dublin. 1964. 92 pp.MAP OF CORK CITY, 1: 15,000. Dublin : Ordnance Survey Office, 1964. 32 × 24 in. On paper, flat, 4s., or folded and covered, 5s.IRELAND, by T. W. Freeman. London : Methuen & Co. Ltd. Third edition, 1965. 5 1/2 × 8 #fr1/2> in. Pp. xx + 560. 65s.THE PLANNING AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DUBLIN REGION. PRELIMINARY REPORT. By Myles Wright. Dublin : Stationery Office, 1965. Pp.55. 8 ins. × 11 3/4 ins. 10s 6d.LIMERICK REGIONAL PLAN. Interim Report on the Limerick—Shannon— Ennis District by Nathaniel Litchfield. The Stationery Office, Dublin 1965. 8 × 12 ins. ; Pp. 83 ; 10s. 6d.ANTRIM NEW TOWN. Outline Plan. Belfast : H. M. Stationery Office, 1965. 10 1/2 × 8 1/2 in. 15s.HEPORT OF THE DEPUTY KEEPER OF THE RECORDS 1954–1959. Belfast : Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Cmd. 490. 138 pp. 10s.ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY, by Ronald Hope. London : George Philip and Son Ltd., 4th edition, 1965. pp. 296. 15s. 6d.CLIMATE, SOILS AND VEGETATION, by D. C. Money. London : University Tutorial Press, 1965. pp. 272. 18s.TECHNIQUES IN GEOMORPHOLOGY, by Cuchlaine A. M. King. 9 × 5 1/2 in. 342 pp. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1966. 40s.BRITISH GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP PUBLICATIONS :— 1. RATES OF EROSION AND WEATHERING IN THE BRITISH ISLES. Occasional Publication No. 2, 1965. Pp. 46. 13 × 8 in. 7s. 6d.2. DEGLACIATION. Occasional Publication No. 3, 1966. Pp. 37. 13 × 8 in. 7s.RECHERCHES DE GÉOMORPHOLOGIE EN ÉCOSSE DU NORD‐OUEST. By A. Godard. Publication de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Strasbourg, 1965. 701 pp. 482 reís.ARTHUR'S SEAT: A HISTORY OF EDINBURGH'S VOLCANO, by G. P. Black. Edinburgh & London : Oliver & Boyd, 1966. 226 pp. 7 1/2 × 5 in. 35s.OFFSHORE GEOGRAPHY OF NORTHWESTERN EUROPE. The Political and Economic Problems of Delimitation and Control, by Lewis M. Alexander. London : Murray, 1966. 35s.GEOGRAPHICAL PIVOTS OF HISTORY. An Inaugural Lecture, by W. Kirk. Leicester University Press, 1965. 6s.THE GEOGRAPHY OF FRONTIERS AND BOUNDARIES, by J. R. V. Prescott. London : Hutchinson, 1965. 15s.THE READER'S DIGEST COMPLETE ATLAS OF THE BRITISH ISLES.. London : Reader's Digest Assoc., 1965. 230 pp. 15 1/4 × 10 1/2 in. £5. 10. 0.ULSTER DIALECTS. AN INTRODUCTORY SYMPOSIUM. Edited by G. B. Adams, Belfast : Ulster Folk Museum, 1964. 201 pp. 9 1/2 × 6 1/2 in. 20s.ULSTER FOLKLIFE, Volume 11. Belfast: The Ulster Folk Museum, 1965. Pp. 139. 9 1/2 × 7 in. 15s.GEOGRAPHICAL ABSTRACTS published and edited by K. M. Clayton, F. M Yates, F. E. Hamilton and C. Board.Obtainable from Geo. Abstracts, Dept. of Geography, London School of Economics, Aldwych, London, W.C.2. Subscription rates as below.THE CLIMATE OF LONDON. T. J. Chandler. London : Hutchinson and Co., 1965. 292 pp., 86 figs., 93 tables. 70/‐.MONSOON LANDS, Part I, by R. T. Cobb and L. J. M. Coleby. London : University Tutorial Press Ltd., 1966, constituting Book Six (Part 1 ) of the Advanced Level Geography Series. 303 pp. 8 1/4 × 5 1/4 in. 20s.PREHISTORIC AND EARLY CHRISTIAN IRELAND. A GUIDE, by Estyn Evans. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1966. xii + 241 pp. 45s.A REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF IRELAND, by G. Fahy. Dublin : Browne and Nolan Ltd. No date. 238 pp. 12s.THE CANALS OF THE SOUTH OF IRELAND, by V. T. H. and D. R. Delany. Newton Abbot : David and Charles, 1966. 260 pp. + 20 plates. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 in. 50s.THE COURSE OF IRISH HISTORY. Edited by T. W. Moody and F. X. Martin. Cork : The Mercier Press. 1967. 404 pp. 5 3/4 × 7 3/4 ins. Paperback, 21s. Hard cover, 40s.NORTH MUNSTER STUDIES. Edited by E. Rynne. Limerick : The Thomond Archaeological Society, 1967. 535 pp. 63s.SOILS OF COUNTY LIMERICK, by T. F. Finch and Pierce Ryan. Dublin: An Foras Talúntais, 1966. 199 pp. and four fold‐in maps. 9 1/2 × 7 1/4 in. 30s.THE FORESTS OF IRELAND. Edited by H. M. Fitzpatrick. Dublin : Society of Irish Foresters. No date. 153 pp. 9 3/4 × 7 1/4 in. 30s.PLANNING FOR AMENITY AND TOURISM. Specimen Development Plan Manual 2–3, Donegal. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Physical Planning and Construction Research), 1966. 110 pp. 8 × 11 in. 12s. 6d.NEW DIMENSIONS IN REGIONAL PLANNING. A CASE STUDY OF IRELAND, by Jeremiah Newman. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha, 1967. 128 pp. 8 1/2 × 6 in. 25s.TRAFFIC PLANNING FOR SMALLER TOWNS. Dublin : An Foras Forbartha (The National Institute for Regional Planning and Construction Research), 1966. 35 pp. 8 1/4 × 10 3/4 in. No price.LATE AND POST‐GLACIAL SHORELINES AND ICE LIMITS IN ARGYLL AND NORTH‐EAST ULSTER, by F. M. Synge and N. Stephens. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 59, 1966, pp. 101–125.QUATERNARY CHANGES OF SEA‐LEVEL IN IRELAND, by A. R. Orme. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 39, 1966, pp. 127–140.LIMESTONE PAVEMENTS (with special reference to Western Ireland), by Paul W. Williams. Institute of British Geographers Transactions No. 40, 1966, pp. 155–172. 50s. for 198 pages.IRISH SPELEOLOGY. Volume I, No. 2, 1966. Pp. 18. 10 × 8 in. 5s., free to members of the Irish Speleological Association.THE GEOGRAPHER'S CRAFT, by T. W. Freeman. Manchester University Press, 1967. pp.204. 8 1/4 × 5 in. 25s.GEOGRAPHY AS HUMAN ECOLOGY. Edited by S. R. Eyre and G. R. J. Jones. London : Edward Arnold Ltd., 1966. 308 pp. 45s.LOCATIONAL ANALYSIS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, by Peter Haggett. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1965. 339 pp. 9 × 5 1/2 in. 40s.AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY, by Leslie Symons. London : G. Bell and Sons, Ltd., 1967. 283 pp. 8 1/2 × 5 1/2 ins. 30s.THE GEOLOGY OF SCOTLAND, edited by Gordon Y. Craig. Edinburgh and London : Oliver & Boyd, 1965. Pp. 556. 9 3/4 × 7 1/2 in. 105s.MORPHOLOGY OF THE EARTH, by Lester C. King. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd, 2nd ed., 1967. 726 pp. 9 1/2 × 7 in. £5. 5. 0.INTERNATIONAL YEARBOOK OF CARTOGRAPHY, V, 1965. Edited by Eduard Imhof. London : George Philip and Son Ltd., 1965. 222 pp. + 9 plates. 9 3/4 × 6 1/2 in. 47s. 6d.IRISH FOLK WAYS, by E. Estyn Evans. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967. 324 pp. 16s.A HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL IRELAND, by A.J.Otway‐Ruthven. London: Ernest Benn Limited. New York : Barnes and Noble Inc., 1968. xv + 454 pp. 70s.IRISH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ITS VOLUME AND STRUCTURE, by Raymond D. Crotty. Cork University Press, 1966. 384 pp. 42s.PLANNING IN IRELAND. Edited by F. Rogerson and P. O hUiginn. Dublin : The Irish Branch of the Town Planning Institute and An Foras Forbartha, 1907. 199 pp.THE SHELL GUIDE TO IRELAND, by Lord Killanin and Michael V. Duignan. London : Ebury Press and George Rainbird (distributed by Michael Joseph) : 2nd edition, 1967. 512 pp. 50s.THE CLIMATE OF NORTH MUNSTER, by P. K. Rohan. Dublin : Department of Transport and Power, Meteorological Service, 1968. 72 pp. 10s. 6d.SOILS OF COUNTY CARLOW, by M.J. Conry and Pierce Ryan. Dublin : An Foras Talúntais, 1967. 204 pp. and four fold‐in maps. 30s.MOURNE COUNTRY, by E. Estyn Evans. Dundalk : Dundalgan Press (W. Tempest) Ltd., 2nd ed., 1967. 244 pp. 63s.THE DUBLIN REGION. Advisory Plan and Final Report, by Myles Wright. Dublin : The Stationery Office, 1967. Part One, pp. 64. 20s. Part Two, pp. 224. 80s.BELFAST : THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF AN INDUSTRIAL CITY. Edited by J. C. Beckett and R. E. Glasscock. London : The British Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. 204 pp. 25s.REPORT ON SKIBBEREEN SOCIAL SURVEY, by John Jackson. Dublin : Human Sciences Committee of the Irish National Productivity Committee, 1967. 63 pp. 12s. 6d.AN OUTLINE PLAN FOR GALWAY CITY, by Breandan S. MacAodha. Dublin : Scepter Publishers Ltd., 1966. 15 pp.COASTAL PASSENGER STEAMERS AND INLAND NAVIGATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF IRELAND, by D.B. McNeill. 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Edinburgh and London : Oliver and Boyd, 1967. 259 pp. 63s.WEST WICKLOW. BACKGROUND FOR DEVELOPMENT, by F.H.A. Aalen, D.A. Gillmor and P.W. Williams. Dublin : Geography Department, Trinity College, 1966. 323 pp. Unpublished : copy available in the Society's Library.

Background: Ventral hernias are a common problem confronting surgeons. Data about standards of their surgical management have failed to keep pace with rapid advances in surgical techniques, and materials. Older techniques have often been discarded simply because of availability of newer ones without due consideration to availability, feasibility, training, local conditions and constraints. Therefore, a balanced, practical and pragmatic opinion regarding surgical management at individual, institutional and regional levels is needed. We studied clinical aspects and best treatment modalities of ventral hernias in our set-up.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of various types of ventral hernias, surgically managed at a tertiary care hospital between January 2018 and September 2019.Results: Mean age of presentation among 71 patients (27 males, 44 females) was 48.11±5.71 years. Incisional hernias (30.98%) were the commonest type. Painless swelling (49.29%) was the most common clinical presentation. Obesity (40.84%) and multiparity (30.98%) were the most common associated risk factors. Incisional hernias are probably better managed by open approach.Conclusions: Ventral hernias are more prevalent in the elderly and females. Incisional, umbilical, epigastric hernias are the more common types. Laparoscopy is being preferred over open procedure due to some advantages that it offers, but incisional hernias can often be better managed by open approach depending upon local set up. In addition, laparoscopic approach is not universally applicable and also has certain drawbacks.

Incidence and mortality rate of cutaneous melanoma substantially varies across the globe depending upon early detection and management. Therapeutic developments have revolutionized the treatment. The aim of this paper is to discuss the treatment options for localized and advanced disease in the context of surgery, adjuvant, and neoadjuvant treatment. PubMed, Medline, Guidelines of European Society of Medical Oncology, National Institute of Clinical Excellence, American Joint Committee on Cancer on Melanoma, publications from 2012-2022 were searched. Low risk node negative disease (stage I and IIA) melanoma patients should have curative surgical wide local excision along with SLNB with no adjuvant therapy. High risk node negative disease (stage IIB and IIC) should be treated with curative surgery and SLNB followed by adjuvant immunotherapy. Low risk node positive disease (stage IIIA) surgical resection with SLNB followed by adjuvant systemic therapy, depending upon BRAF mutation status of tumour. High risk node positive microscopic disease (stage IIIB, IIIC, IIID) BRAF V600 mutation, primary resection with SLNB followed by nivolumab or combination of BRAF + MEK inhibitors. For BRAF wild-type tumours, adjuvant immunotherapy with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor. Patient with macroscopic disease that is resectable neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy followed by surgery with lymph node dissection. Metastatic disease (stage IV) regardless, adjuvant combination immunotherapy followed by maintenance nivolumab. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for most patients with loco regional cutaneous melanoma and is curative in most cases. Checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies are important advances in adjuvant, neo adjuvant settings. Despite all the progress, melanoma remains challenging to treat.

ABSTRACTOn a global and regional scale, Indonesia has one of the least environmentally sustainable economies in the Asia-Pacific region. Consumption is one of the key factors contributing to environmental degradation. By using materialism and environmental knowledge as mediators, this study aimed to understand how religiosity affects ethical consumption. This research used quantitative methods with structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis techniques based on partial least squares (PLS). The data came from a questionnaire distributed online. 153 valid questionnaires were selected for analysis. All respondents came from Indonesia, were adults (from 18 years old), and were Muslims. Findings show that religiosity influences ethical consumption, materialism, and environmental knowledge. This research also reveals that materialism and environmental knowledge influence ethical consumption, as well as the mediating effect of materialism and environmental knowledge on the influence between religiosity and ethical consumption. So, all hypotheses from this research can be accepted. These findings contribute theoretically to explaining the relationship between religiosity, materialism, environmental knowledge, and ethical consumption. Thus, this findings contribute to the field of Islamic economics. Practically, the findings of this research can help marketers formulate communication strategies that take into account the level of religiosity of consumers in Indonesia. Marketers must avoid unethical practices to encourage ethical consumption.Keywords: Religiosity, ethical consumption, materialism, environmental knowledge ABSTRAKPada skala global dan regional, Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan perekonomian paling tidak ramah lingkungan di kawasan Asia-Pasifik. Konsumsi merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap degradasi lingkungan. Dengan menggunakan materialisme dan enviromental knowledge sebagai mediator, penelitian ini berupaya memahami bagaimana religiosity mempengaruhi ethical consumption. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis Structural Equation Model (SEM) berbasis Partial Least Square (PLS). Data berasal dari kuesioner yang disebarkan online. 153 kuesioner yang valid dipilih untuk analisis. Seluruh responden berasal dari Indonesia, dewasa (mulai 18 tahun) dan beragama Islam. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa religiosity berpengaruh terhadap ethical consumption, materialism, dan environmental knowledge. Selain itu juga diketahui bahwa materialism dan environmental knowledge berpengaruh ethical consumption, serta adanya efek mediasi dari materialism dan environmental knowledge pada pengaruh antara religiosity dan ethical consumption. Sehingga, semua hipotesis penelitian ini dapat diterima. Secara praktis, temuan penelitian ini dapat membantu pemasar untuk merumuskan strategi komunikasi yang mempertimbangkan tingkat religiosity konsumen di Indonesia. Pemasar harus menghindari praktik tidak etis untuk mempromosikan ethical consumption.Kata Kunci: Religiosity, ethical consumption, materialism, environmental knowledge REFERENCES Adib, H., & El-Bassiouny, N. (2012). Materialism in young consumers: An investigation of family communication patterns and parental mediation practices in Egypt. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(3), 255–282. doi:10.1108/17590831211259745 Adil, M. (2022). Influence of religiosity on ethical consumption: The mediating role of materialism and guilt. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(10), 2173–2192. doi:10.1108/JIMA-01-2020-0035 Al-Aidaros, A., Shamsudin, F. M., & Idris, K. M. (2013). Ethics and ethical theories from an Islamic perspective. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 4(1), 1–13. doi:10.24035/ijit.04.2013.001 Al Glenid, M. A., Al Sabbagh, A. 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The rapid growth of mobile applications in the banking sector has been increasing due to the ease of use and saving the time of users. However, the fierce competition between banks draws attention to the factors that increase the use of banking mobile applications to maintain the level of satisfaction of the customers of each bank. One of the crucial aspects that decision-makers need to understand is the consumer behavior of mobile banking applications. Therefore, this research paper aims to present a comprehensive exploration of mobile banking adoption by examining the interplay of cultural dynamics, usability, cross-cultural comparisons, economic factors, and the significance of longitudinal insights. It elucidates how cultural norms and societal expectations impact adoption, emphasizing regional variations. The study also dissects mobile banking app interfaces to enhance user-friendliness, tailoring them to diverse user preferences. Cross-cultural comparisons shed light on the interplay between culture, economics, and regulations. It scrutinizes economic factors, considering income levels and financial literacy while emphasizing the importance of longitudinal studies for tracking evolving adoption patterns. This research not only advances our knowledge of mobile banking adoption but also offers practical insights for banks, policymakers, and service providers as they navigate the rapidly evolving mobile banking landscape in an increasingly digital world.

AbstractWhat effect do natural disasters have on political participation? Some argue that natural disasters decrease political participation because of the way they reduce individual and group resources. Others argue that they stimulate political participation by creating new social norms. Previous studies have been limited both by their focus on a specific disaster type and a lack of regional variation. This article advances the literature by assessing the effect of the 2011 triple disaster in Japan on political participation at both the individual and district level. Drawing on multiple sources of data, I use a difference-in-differences identification strategy to show that the 2011 triple disaster in Japan resulted in a 6 percent increase in participation in political groups in regions heavily affected by the disaster, and a 2.5 percent increase in voter turnout in districts in prefectures that were significantly affected by the disaster. The results also show that the effect at the individual level is largely confined to individuals with large social networks, suggesting that the effect of natural disasters on political participation is a combination of their direct and indirect impact on variables that operate through different subpopulations. Directions for future studies are suggested.

It is indeed a pleasure for me to express my congratulations on the establishment of the new “Journal of Disaster Research” which will provide valuable information toward disaster prevention and mitigation. In recent years, global societies have experienced many natural and human-caused disasters, such as those produced by earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, cyclones, floods, design and construction deficiencies, and terroristic acts, thus producing great human suffering and economic loss. As populations continue to grow, the risks associated with such disasters will likewise continue to grow, unless effective measures are developed and implemented to mitigate their effects. To do so will require coordinated multi-disciplinary efforts involving researchers, educators, practicing engineers and architects, city and regional planners, specialists of finance and economics, construction managers, social workers, and health officials. Recognizing this need for coordinated efforts, multi-disciplinary research centers are beginning to emerge, educational programs are broadening in scope, journals are expanding topic coverage, and practicing professionals are modifying their activities accordingly. The new “Journal of Disaster Research” can have a very positive influence on such changes by publishing timely research papers, articles on professional advances in technological development and application, and other disaster related materials. In closing, let me again express my congratulations on the establishment of the “Journal of Disaster Research” and extend my very best wishes for its success.

From as early as the 1880s until today, electrical power has served as a useful medium for ushering an urban industrial era throughout the world. This article examines the process of electrification in a colonial setting—Calcutta, the capital of British India till 1911. Access to electricity depended upon economics and technological advances, as well as a combination of local community and regional characteristics such as location, landscape, demographics, politics and culture. Western techno-scientific discourse occupied an extremely important place in the colonization of India. It is known that Western technology and ideas manipulated various technological projects in the colony, including electrification. Was there something unique about Calcutta and its plan that led to the electrification of a colonial metropolis almost simultaneously with other Western industrial nations? By the middle of the twentieth century, electricity, with its elaborate infrastructure of wires, generation stations and poles, emerged as the industrial era’s most prominent symbol of progress in Calcutta. The Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Ltd (CESC), with its head office in London, played the most vital role, debating and resolving various technical questions, such as load factor, fuel sources, operating generation stations and electricity supply to industry, traction and population centres. This article, based on extensive archival research, shows how, despite colonial derivatives, the resulting electrical systems were locally initiated and customized to the needs and characteristics of the region.

The purpose of this paper is to review international business articles, particularly what strategies in emerging economies and multinational enterprises subsidiaries strategies. The first paper is Hoskisson, Eden, Lau and Wright's 2000 article, entitled strategy in emerging economies. Emerging economies are low-income, fast-growing countries that rely on economic liberalization as their primary growth engine. Emerging Economies investigates strategy formulation and implementation by private and public enterprises in a variety of regional contexts and from three major theoretical perspectives: institutional theory, transaction cost economics, and the resource-based view of the firm. The second paper is Amy J Hillman and William P Wan's 2005 article, The Determinants of MNE Subsidiary Political Strategies: Evidence of Institutional Duality. A model of the determinants of political strategies used by foreign subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) is developed and tested in this study by integrating international business and political strategy literature to create a multilevel model of the subsidiary, host country, and parent determinants of political strategy. Using recent theoretical advances in institutional theory that acknowledge that MNE subsidiaries face pressures for isomorphism both within the corporation (internal legitimacy) and within the host country (external legitimacy). A common thread can be drawn between these two articles, namely the use of institutional theory in determining the strategy for multinational enterprises.

Questions regarding the nature and source of consciousness and individual agency to make decisions have enormous practical implications that include human health and wellbeing, social policy, and economics. Ethical issues involving the ability for patients to make conscious, informed choices, such as in cases of dementia or coma, abound, and the health implications of individual choice on public wellbeing are becoming increasingly important as population densities increase. Furthermore, the use of animals for drug testing presents moral dilemmas related to our concepts of consciousness, pain, and consent. While philosophers have long debated aspects of consciousness, the means to scientifically address specific questions regarding regional and cellular functions of the brain are constantly emerging, as are new theories of physical laws and particle interactions which allow for the formation of new hypotheses of the source of consciousness. These emerging capabilities and hypotheses are increasingly able to be subjected to methodological scrutiny by the scientific community. To facilitate open discussion and advances in investigations regarding the nature of consciousness, this Topical Collection is intended to provide a peer-reviewed space to discuss or propose falsifiable hypotheses of consciousness in a full range of systems, using methods across disciplines of biology, physics, computer science, and philosophy of science that can inform such a discussion, while emphasizing the role that our conception of consciousness has on human health, society, and policy.

Hip surgery is a common surgical procedure in the elderly and leads to significant pain postoperatively. The hip joint has a complex innervation which is unlikely to be covered with any single modality of pain relief. Multimodal analgesia has been critical in facilitating early recovery and rehabilitation in these patients. Regional analgesia is an important component of multimodal analgesia regimens and is instrumental in achieving optimal patient outcomes. Single shot or continuous central or peripheral nerve blocks provide effective and safe postoperative analgesia, lower opioid consumption, faster rehabilitation, and a high level of patient satisfaction. An ideal regional anaesthesia technique for hip surgery should be motor sparing while providing effective perioperative pain relief. Regional anaesthesia has seen enormous growth in the recent past due to advances in technology and research. These blocks have shown analgesic efficacy, have an opioid-sparing effect, and enable better patient positioning for central neuraxial blocks. Some of the novel interfascial plane blocks like Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block are now being explored for hip analgesia. Within a few years of being described, these novel nerve blocks have seen tremendous favour in the literature and are being extensively used in the current practice of analgesia for hip surgery. In the present review, we aim to discuss the various modalities of analgesia which have been utilised in the past and would discuss few of the newer blocks for hip surgery. Keywords: Nerve blocks, Ultrasonography, Analgesics, Total hip arthroplasty, Fascia illiaca block, Multimodal analgesia, Transmuscular, Quadratus lumborum block

Abstract— The article reviews and analyzes trends in the development of Russian cultural geography at the beginning of the 21st century, its specific features, and the latest scientific achievements with respect to the evolution of cultural geography in Western countries. Similarities and differences in the transformation of the main theoretical approaches, scientific methods, and subject areas of specific cultural and geographical studies in foreign countries and Russia are revealed. The most important thematic sections of the article cover the most significant segments of cultural and geographical research in Russia in the 2000s–early 2020s. It is shown that the main focus in the formation of Russian cultural geography (after several decades of neglecting anthropocultural approaches in the Soviet period) was cultural landscape science. The latest advances of Russian cultural geographers in the field of cultural landscape for the first decades of the 21st century are characterized. Domestic ethnic geography, which developed during the Soviet period as part of population geography, is gradually transforming to ethnocultural. Much attention is paid to the correlation of ethnic and regional identity in polyethnic regions, ethnocultural aspects of the geography of nature management, cultural geography of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East. Religious geography is a new direction of cultural geography for Russia, which has gained great relevance in the post-Soviet period in the revival of religious life in a country characterized by exceptional complexity and the diverse religious composition of the population. The article discusses and analyzes the experience of Russian developments in humanitarian geography—a set of research areas focused on studying systems of ideas about the geographic space in different sociocultural contexts. The great practical significance of cultural and geographical research and the possibility of their use for regional development and optimization of the spatial organization of society are emphasized.

The idea and development of on-demand air mobility (ODAM) services are revolutionizing our urban/regional transportation sector by exploring the third dimension: vertical airspace. The fundamental concept of on-demand air taxi operations is not new, but advances in aircraft design and battery/engine technology plus massive problems with congestion and increased travel demands around the world have recently led to a large number of studies which aim to explore the potential benefits of ODAM. Unfortunately, given the lack of an established, formal problem definition, missing reference nomenclature for ODAM research, and a multitude of publication venues, the research development is not focused and, thus, does not tap the full potential of the workforce engaged in this topic. This study synthesizes the recently published literature on operational aspects of ODAM. Our contribution consists of two major parts. The first part dissects previous studies and performs cross-comparison of report results. We cover five main categories: demand estimation methodology, infrastructure/port design/location problem, operational planning problem, operational constraints’ identification, and competitiveness with other transportation modes. The second part complements the report of aggregated findings by proposing a list of challenges as a future agenda for ODAM research. Most importantly, we see a need for a formal problem definition of ODAM operational planning processes, standard open datasets for comparing multiple performance dimensions, and a universal, multimodal transportation demand model.

Since the launch of the Stabilization and Association Process in 1999, the European Union has become the main conflict mediator on the post-Yugoslav space. The EU’s policy towards the region of the so-called Western Balkans implies the juxtaposition of integration and conflict settlement goals, which was not the case during the previous enlargement waves. Besides promoting peacebuilding initiatives through traditional foreign policy instruments, Brussels has been practicing a complicated system of incentives and sanctions related to the European integration procedures. Progress of the post-Yugoslav republics in enlargement is conditional on their willingness to implement particular requirements. The article analyzes the efficiency of the European Union’s conditionality from the perspective of regional stability. The ambivalence of such approach lies in politicization of peacebuilding agenda as the EU advances its specific image of recent civil wars in the Balkans. Using the methods of retrospective analysis of European politics, including foreign policy documents, the author substantiates the political nature of the demands made by Brussels on the parties to the conflicts. The distinct feature of the EU enlargement policy is the hierarchization of actors in foreign policy processes, which provides various countries with different negotiating power. This conditionality, due to the value contradictions within the communities, leads to the point when the applied measures of settlement lead not to the expected normalization, but to the aggravation of the situation and polarization of the parties. Thus, the author identifies the discrepancy between the declared objectives of the European Union as a mediator and the practical results. This inconsistency has prompted the decay of neighbor relations on the post-Yugoslav space as the EU member states attempted to instrumentalize their position within the Union for the ultimate solution of bilateral disputes with candidate countries, blocking the integration process in general.

This research aims to identify which factors best explain business dynamics and innovation capacity in the continents of Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and North America. To achieve this, data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Global Competitiveness Report is used. The linear regression method is utilized with the stepwise procedure for data analysis. It is possible to ascertain that, with a view to increasing innovation capacity in the African continent, business leaders and managers should be acquainted with innovation studies to better understand technological advances. In relation to Asia, the detected models of business dynamism and capacity for innovation are positive. On the European continent, the results show that RIS3 has a positive impact on the capacity for innovation. In Latin America and the Caribbean, it seems that business dynamism and the capacity for innovation are negative and regional development policies should be more flexible. In North America, it appears that business dynamism and the capacity for innovation are negative. The research contributes with measures that can be applied by organizations and policymakers to these five continents to improve the performance of business dynamism and the capacity for innovation in their territories. The resulting data give originality to the research as well as important contributions, not only to the theory, but also to the entities (organizations and governments) acting in the field who can implement new policies, such as tax incentives to companies for the first purchase of high-tech equipment, products, or products with intellectual property rights developed by national companies and provide support policies directed to companies that purchase high-tech domestic equipment.

Recent decades have been characterized by a vast increase in computing power, reducing the cost of automating so-called routine tasks that follow precise rules and can thus be incorporated into computer code. This has led to a polarisation of labor markets in advanced economies, with a reduction in the proportion of middle-paid, routine intensive occupations, and an increase in the proportion of both high and low-paid jobs. Although this computerization has not led to a reduction in employment, whether this will be true of the consequences of further technological progress in the near future remains open. While previous automation methods were limited to tasks that are well enough understood to include defined steps in algorithms, now even less structured problems seem to be automated using big data and machine learning. The constant increase in computing power, the growing availability of big data, and significant advances in machine learning methods are shifting the boundaries of what can be automated by machines. Thus, some studies predict that about half of the US workforce is "at risk of automation," which has raised public concerns about mass unemployment caused by technology. The organization of production and labor on a scientific basis requires conducting production progress at a high technical and economic level, to bring to a new, higher level of organization, rationing, and remuneration. The study of labor economics is aimed at understanding the relationship between employees and employers. This is important for society because it determines wages, the causes of discrimination, the impact of migration on employment, and how governments should manage recessions. Digitalization is fundamentally changing the economy and our society. This encourages entrepreneurial innova-tion, productivity, and regional economic growth. It also matters for growth, the labor market, and political partici-pation. And this produces new demands on education and training – not only in the field of information and communication technologies. In the future, the main interest will be the question of how quickly digitalization is penetrating the German and European industry (industry 4.0) and how it changes productivity, employment, and competitiveness in various companies and sectors. Especially in terms of the economics of education, the ability of people to adapt to the changing world of work through education and training is fundamental.

This paper discusses the concepts and results from two contrasting types of water recycling initiatives in Australia. The first type of initiative is a centralised scheme based on local authorities recycling sewage effluent and/or stormwater in urban areas. A new urban subdivision in Queensland (Springfield) is provided as an example of such a centralised scheme, with uses ranging from dual reticulation, to public space irrigation, to urban lakes. The importance of strong public consultation and partnership is stressed for scheme success. A second example of a centralised scheme is an upmarket subdivision in Adelaide, South Australia (Mawson Lakes), where stormwater and recycled effluent are designed to supply in excess of 70% of the community's total water requirement. Scheme success is highly probable because of the ready adoption of innovative water supply alternatives by South Australians. The other type of initiative operates at a household scale (Healthy Home) and demonstrates that reinventing old ideas using new technologies can allow urban households to become largely self reliant for their potable and non-potable water needs, at least in high rainfall coastal areas. However, the cost effectiveness of this self reliance will require a substantial change in the sharing of savings from deferred public infrastructure costs. We include for comparison an analysis by Coombes et al. for the Lower Hunter region which clearly demonstrates that adoption of water sensitive urban design features, such as rainwater tanks in new developments, is not only more cost effective than traditional infrastructure solutions, but also allows the deferral of new urban water supply dams by the order of decades. We conclude the paper with the observation that advances in incorporating externalities into water development economics, the "trickle down" effect of new distributed technologies, and the growing desire by urban communities to live within the capacity of their regional ecosystems will probably ensure that reforms in the urban water and wastewater cycles will pioneer the way to genuinely sustainable and liveable urban communities in the near future. In short, the Ecological Footprint of urban development will be substantially reduced.