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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Romania. Army"
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NICULAE, Daniel Silviu. "The Allies’ Cooperation in the Re-Entry of Romania into the War on 28 October/10 November 1918". Romanian Military Thinking 2021, nr 4 (listopad 2021): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2021.4.18.
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When he drew up the operations project for the Allied armies in the East, in order to exploit success, after the capitulation of Bulgaria (16/29 September 1918), General Franchet d’Esperey certainly relied on Romania’s support, establishing the Danube Army strength to only three divisions. Indeed, it was the mission of this army to secure both the right flank of the main operation carried out in Belgrade’s direction and the left flank of the secondary operation carried out in the direction of Constantinople, against a possible intervention by the Austro-German armies in Romania. Henri Mathias Berthelot, former head of the French Military Mission in Romania, who had lived both the days of repression and the glory of the Romanian Army, was also a certain proof of the intention of the Allies to cooperate with Romania. The article presents aspects of the cooperation of the Allies with the forces of the Romanian Army that resulted in liberating the Romanian territory from the occupation of the Central Powers and in creating the necessary circumstances for the achievement of Greater Romania.
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NICULAE, Daniel Silviu. "Cooperarea aliaţilor la reintrarea României în Primul Război Mondial: 28 octombrie/10 noiembrie 1918". Gândirea Militară Românească 2021, nr 4 (listopad 2021): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2021.4.18.
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When he drew up the operations project for the Allied armies in the East, in order to exploit success, after the capitulation of Bulgaria (16/29 September 1918), General Franchet d’Esperey certainly relied on Romania’s support, establishing the Danube Army strength to only three divisions. Indeed, it was the mission of this army to secure both the right flank of the main operation carried out in Belgrade’s direction and the left flank of the secondary operation carried out in the direction of Constantinople, against a possible intervention by the Austro-German armies in Romania. Henri Mathias Berthelot, former head of the French Military Mission in Romania, who had lived both the days of repression and the glory of the Romanian Army, was also a certain proof of the intention of the Allies to cooperate with Romania. The article presents aspects of the cooperation of the Allies with the forces of the Romanian Army that resulted in liberating the Romanian territory from the occupation of the Central Powers and in creating the necessary circumstances for the achievement of Greater Romania.
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Os'kin, Maksim. "The Romanian Mission of General Berthelot (1916–1917): Cooperation and Disagreements with the Russian Command of the Romanian Front". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, nr 2 (2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640016584-0.
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When the Kingdom of Romania entered the Great War in 1916, it was supposed to receive aid from the Entente allies While the Russian troops fought alongside the Romanians on the Eastern Front, the Western allies assisted them with arms, financial resources, and experienced officers. Military cooperation in the various European theatres of war was a rather complex task, and its arrangement actualised the issues of cooperation between the allies in arms in pursuit of a common goal. The French Mission of General Berthelot assisted the Romanian army in a number of ways, including leading the fighting in the autumn of 1916, reorganising the defeated Romanian army, and acting as military advisers in the 1917 campaign. In that respect, the French were competing with the Russians for influence over the Romanian top leadership, especially the military command. The formation of the Romanian front, consisting mainly of Russian troops, allowed the Russian Stavka to sideline the French from directly influencing the course of military operations. The work of the French mission was limited to bringing the Romanian units withdrawn to the rear back into order. However, in 1917, the French resumed their leading role in influencing the Romanian generals. The February Revolution marked a turning point in relations between the rival partners, finally consolidating the leading role of the Berthelot Mission in the affairs of the Romanian Army on the Romanian front. The French Mission helped reorganise the Romanian Army, which played a decisive role in the final stage of the Great War. This allowed the Kingdom of Romania to remain among the victorious nations, despite the vicissitudes of 1918 following the withdrawal of Russia from the war. The main sources for this article are documents from the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RGVIA) relating primarily to the competence of the central military authorities and administration during the war period, namely the Supreme Command Headquarters and the General Staff Headquarters.
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Giurgiu, Luminita. "General Constantin Hârjeu – A Close Collaborator of Alexandru Marghiloman". Dialogica. Revistă de studii culturale și literatură, S(1) (listopad 2023): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/dia.s.2023.1.09.
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General Constantin Hârjeu, a distinguished personality of the military elite, was appointed minister of war in the governments of Titu Maiorescu and Alexandru Marghiloman. As Minister of War, he was involved in the reorganization and modernization of the army, initiated legislative measures, and his entire military career was rewarded with high orders and medals. General Constantin Hârjeu also stood out through his work as a military theorist; compiled the first monograph of the Romanian Army, together with General Constantin Brătianu and Lieutenant-Colonel G. Aronovici, published in French. He was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy on May 27, 1909. He participated at a major event from our history – the union of Basarabia with the Kingdom of Romania, as a first step in the realization of the dream of a Great Romania.
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BAJORA, ANATOLIE. "THE SOVIETIZATION OF THE ROMANIAN ARMY (1945-1950)". Sociopolitical Sciences 11, nr 6 (6.12.2021): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2021-11-6-107-112.
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Traditionally, the Romanian Army had a French military model, and with the beginning of the Second World War, the German, the allied country. Traditionally, the Romanian army used the French and, with the outbreak of World War II, the German allied country as a military model. However, things would change significantly after the defeats on the eastern front and the country’s entry under Soviet influence. The nucleus of the future Romanian Army will be created in the USSR from the Romanian prisoners of war, who enlisted as volunteers in the “Tudor Vladimirescu” and later “the Horea, Cloșca, and Crișan” divisions. After establishing the communist regime in Romania, in the beginning, with the help and under the supervision of the Soviet military, advisers will begin the formation of a new army, strongly politically affiliated but better equipped technically and materially.
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Gardocki, Sylwester. "Challenges and Changes in Military and Defense Policy of Romania after the Outbreak of War in Ukraine". Polish Political Science Yearbook 52, nr 4 (31.12.2023): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202398.
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After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Romania faced the imminent threat of an escalation of the armed conflict. The geographical proximity of military operations caused this, as the Black Sea location and the self-proclaimed republic of Transnistria located in neighboring Moldova. For this reason, Romania, like other European countries, faced the consequences of the outbreak of war and met economic, political, and military challenges. After the outbreak of war, the Romanian government had to take appropriate steps to help Ukraine and Ukrainian refugees who crossed the border into Romania. Although Romania adopted a distant attitude towards Ukraine, it did not block any aid projects and acted following NATO’s strategic actions. The outbreak of war in Ukraine contributed to rapid changes in the scope of the Romanian army. Several decisions were made to purchase new equipment and strengthen the armed forces.
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Mehedinți-Beiean, Mihaela. "From a multi-ethnic empire to a national state: the contribution of Romanian officers in the Habsburg army to the creation of Greater Romania as presented by Transylvanian journalists". Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 10, nr 1 (15.08.2018): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v10i1_5.
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Greater Romania was created at the end of World War I as a result of both top-down and bottom-up processes that involved all social layers from Transylvania and the Old Kingdom. The present study focuses on a particular category of actors that took part in the Great Union of 1 December 1918, namely Romanian officers from the Austrian army, and on a specific set of sources, i.e. Transylvanian periodicals issued around this date. In order to answer a number of research questions centered on Romanian officers’ contribution to the historical act that took place in Alba Iulia, I used articles that appeared throughout 1918 in four Transylvanian periodicals, namely Biserica și Școala, Drapelul, Transilvania and Unirea. The study’s chief aim is to provide a clear picture of the manner in which Romanian officers from the Austrian army were depicted by the press shortly before and after Transylvania’s union with Romania was proclaimed, as well as of the nature of their participation in the events: as delegates of the National Guards or as agents whose goal was to ensure order during the meeting.
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Traşcă, Ottmar. "Grupul Etnic German din România și Serviciul Special de Informaţii (1940-1944)". Anuarul Institutului de Istorie "George Bariţiu". Series Historica 62 (30.12.2023): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/aiigb/2023.62.14.
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One can safely state that the «Andreas Schmidt era» (1940-1944) could be considered one of the most difficult periods of the history of the German minority in Romania. From the very beginning, the activity of Nazi controlled organization entitled the German Ethnic Group in Romania and its leader (Andreas Schmidt) was perceived by the Romanian authorities with suspicion and concern. This concern was legitimate since the aggressive policies of the leadership of the German Ethnic Group in Romania let to increasing tensions between the latter, on one side, and the Romanian authorities and the Romanian local population in mixed Romanian-German communities, on the other side. Consequently, the Special Intelligence Service (Serviciul Special de Informaţii, one of the Romanian secret services in the interwar period), the intelligence service of the Romanian army (entitled in Romanian: Secţia a II-a Informaţii a Marelui Stat Major), the General Inspectorate of the Gendarmerie, and the General Directorate of the Police kept under close surveillance the hostile activities of the German Ethnic Group towards the Romanian state. The reports of these aforementioned intelligence institutions emphasized the totalitarian character of the German Ethnic Group in Romania and illustrates how this Nazi controlled organization turned under the leadership of Andreas Schmidt into an effective tool of the Third Reich in South Eastern Europe.
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Rendiuk, Teofil. "The Pinnacle in the Activity of the Extraordinary Diplomatic Mission of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in Romania (1921)". Diplomatic Ukraine, nr XXII (2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2021-3.
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The article deals with the peculiarities in the activity of the Extraordinary Diplomatic Mission of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (EDM of the UPR) in Romania during 1921, when the whole territory of Ukraine was occupied by Bolshevik troops. In those circumstances, the State Centre of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in exile considered Romania as its important military and political partner in the struggle for Ukraine’s independence. For its part, the then Romanian leadership was deeply interested in the existence of independent Ukraine, primarily as a military and political buffer between Romania and expansionist Soviet Russia. The author emphasises the existence at the beginning of and during 1921 of sufficiently favourable political conditions for the activities of the EDM of the UPR in Romania. During 1921, the head of the mission and seasoned diplomat, K. Matsievych, held two important meetings with King Ferdinand I of Romania, had numerous working contacts with the heads of Romanian governments, ministers of foreign affairs, ministers of war, as well as authorised members of parliament and politicians with whom he discussed the cooperation of the Directory of the Ukrainian People’s Republic with Romania, zealously defending the Ukrainian cause. The EDM of the UPR in Bucharest and its consular offices in Iași, Chișinău, and Chernivtsi paid special attention to working with thousands of Ukrainian militaries as well as political and civilian emigrants throughout Romania, uniting the patriotic part of emigration and using its potential to liberate Ukraine. In this context, it is noted that during 1921 a military section was active in the EDM of the UPR in Bucharest, which from June of that year was headed by an experienced Ukrainian general, S. Delvih. The study reveals the details of the formation in the summer of 1921 in Romania, with the assistance of the country’s authorities, of the Bessarabian (Southern) guerrilla group as part of the UPR Insurgent Army with headquarters in Chișinău to participate in the Second Winter Campaign (October–November 1921), aimed at liberating southwestern Ukraine from the Bolshevik occupation. Keywords: Extraordinary Diplomatic Mission, Ukrainian People’s Republic, Directory, Kingdom of Romania, UPR Army, interned soldiers, guerrilla insurgent groups, Second Winter Campaign.
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Torrey, Glenn E. "The Revolutionary Russian Army and Romania, 1917". Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, nr 1103 (1.01.1995): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1995.60.
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The growth ofthe revolutionary movement in the ranks of the Russian army on the Romanian front in 1917 has attracted the attention of a number of Soviet historians. M.M. Gitsiu, Deiatel 'nost' soldatskikh sovetov i komitetov na rumynskom fronte i v Moldavii v 1917 g. (Kishinev, 1985), concentrates on the soldier's organizations and the growth of Bolshevik influence among them. E.N. Istrati, Demokraticheskoe dvizhenie za mir na rumynskom fronte v. 1917 gody (Kishinev, 1973), has a broader perspective emphasizing the question of war or peace. M.S. Frenkin, Revoliutsionnoe dvizhenie na rumynskom fronte 1917 g. - mart 1918 (Moscow, 1965), is the best of this genre but despite the title, covers only one of four Russian armies attached to the Romanian front, and the one which was not on Romanian soil. Frenkin's second book, Russkaia armiia i revoliutsiia 1917-1918 (Munich, 1978), written after his emigration to Israel, is a welcome corrective to all Soviet accounts, including his earlier one. But in covering all four fronts, Frenkin devotes limited attention to the Romanian. By far the best general survey of the impact of the Revolution at the front is Allan Wildman, The End of the Russian Imperial Army, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1980, 1987), which is distinguished by balance and insight. However, neither Wildman nor the others mentioned deal with the Romanian response to Russian revolutionary agitation or with Russo-Romanian relations.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Romania. Army"
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Rocco, Marco. "Persistenze e cesure nell'esercito romano dai Severi a Teodosio I: ricerche in ambito socio-politico, istituzionale, strategico". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427397.
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This work aims at clarifying the most important stages in the evolution of the Roman army, between the Severan age and the death of Theodosius I. The purpose is to give new hints in the history of the Roman army during the III and IV centuries AD. Therefore we collected and examined significant information from all kinds of ancient and later sources, from many different areas of the empire. By comparing them we came up with a few general questions on the subject, to which we tried to give original answers, suggesting new points of view, sometimes different from the traditional ones. In particular, we tried to distinguish the factors of continuity from the moments of break in the period of transition from III to IV century AD, considering the latest historiographical trends and mainly searching into the possible or probable reasons of this evolution.
We studied the dynamics of change from material, organizational, political and, as much as possible, economic and social points of view, and we tried to fit them into the historical context concerning the late Roman military, and presented it in the different stages of its evolution. As regards the chronology, the present work is structured in five different historical phases, each one characterized by its own peculiarities and problems: from the Severan emperors to 284 AD; Diocletian and the Tetrarchy; the age of Constantine I; from Constantine's dynasty to Adrianople; Theodosius I and the military emergency at the end of the IV century AD. Each chapter searches into the following topics: recruitment and barbarization; commanders and officers; unit transformations and distribution; fighting strength; interactions between troops and civilians; tactical and strategical changes; evolution of weaponry and equipment; prevailing frontier policies.
At the end of the research it seems reasonable to maintain that several of the principal innovations in the military were already introduced at the time of Septimius Severus and Caracalla, if not earlier, and that in the following decades there was often just a mere strengthening of the previous tendencies and trends. During the crisis of the third century this consolidation was still uncertain and mostly 'experimental'. Then, Diocletian and the Tetrarchs gave a more stable aspect to the experiments of the previous decades, adding some important reforms. Constantine I's great reorganization was by far more fundamental, even if it was characterized by a socio-political and economic nature rather than strictly a military one. Finally, Constantine's successors did not introduce relevant changes in his reformed army. Theodosius I himself did not bring about any structural transformation in the military: he merely climaxed some processes begun under his predecessors, but his politics about the Goths after Adrianople already forestalled the radical changes of the V century AD. Thus the history of the Roman army in the III and IV centuries AD represents a process of continuous but linear evolution, interrupted only when the foundations which constituted the basis of the Roman imperial army were abandoned.Il presente lavoro vuole contribuire a chiarire le principali tappe dell'evoluzione dell'apparato militare terrestre dei Romani tra l'età dei Severi e la morte di Teodosio I. Il proposito è di fornire spunti innovativi per la composizione di una storia complessiva dell'esercito romano di III e IV secolo. A tal scopo sono state raccolte e vagliate il maggior numero possibile di informazioni significative, tratte da tutti i tipi di fonte antica e tardoantica e da molteplici aree dell'impero; dal loro confronto si sono ricavati alcuni quesiti generali sul tema, ai quali si è cercato di dare risposte originali, con approcci talora diversi da quelli tradizionali. In particolare, si è inteso evidenziare gli elementi di continuità e i momenti di cesura nel passaggio dal III al IV secolo, alla luce dei più recenti indirizzi di studio, approfondendo in particolare le cause, possibili o probabili, sottese all'evoluzione. Le dinamiche evolutive, esaminate da un punto di vista materiale, organizzativo, politico e, per quanto possibile, economico e sociale, sono state inserite nel quadro del contesto storico relativo alla macchina bellica tardoromana, presentata nei suoi diversi stadi di mutamento. Cronologicamente, il lavoro è articolato in cinque diverse fasi storiche, con peculiarità e problematiche differenti: dai Severi al 284 d.C.; Diocleziano e la Tetrarchia; l'epoca costantiniana; dai costantinidi ad Adrianopoli; Teodosio I e l'emergenza di fine IV secolo. Ogni capitolo approfondisce i seguenti argomenti: reclutamento e imbarbarimento; catena di comando; trasformazioni dei reparti e loro dislocazione; numero degli effettivi; interazioni tra esercito e società civile; mutamenti tattici e strategici; evoluzione di armamento ed equipaggiamento; politiche di frontiera prevalenti. Al termine della ricerca sembra possibile affermare che molte tra le principali innovazioni in ambito militare furono introdotte già al tempo di Settimio Severo e Caracalla, se non prima, e nei decenni seguenti si ebbe spesso soltanto un rafforzamento di tendenze e indirizzi precedenti. Tale consolidamento fu ancora incerto e quasi sempre a carattere 'sperimentale' durante la crisi del III secolo. In seguito, Diocleziano e i tetrarchi sistematizzarono il fermento dei decenni precedenti, con l'aggiunta di alcune importanti riforme. La grande riorganizzazione costantiniana fu ben più radicale, anche se ebbe una natura più socio-politica ed economica che strettamente militare. I successori di Costantino I, infine, non introdussero trasformazioni di rilievo nel suo esercito riformato. Lo stesso Teodosio I non operò alcun intervento organico nelle strutture militari, portando semmai all'esasperazione alcuni processi iniziati sotto i suoi predecessori; ma la sua politica gotica dopo Adrianopoli recava già in sé le premesse concrete degli stravolgimenti del V secolo. La storia dell'esercito romano del III e IV secolo rappresenta, dunque, un processo di evoluzione continua ma lineare, interrotto solo quando si rinunciò ai fondamenti essenziali che avevano costituito la struttura portante dell'armata imperiale romana.
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Prieto, Iommi Juan Pablo. "Romana arma non ante visa : las guerras romanas en el oriente helenistico : desde las expediciones ilirias hasta la hegemonia militar (229-194 a.C.)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BOR30038.
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La présente recherche porte sur les conflits militaires romains dans le monde hellénistique, plus spécifiquement ceux survenus entre 229 et 194 avant J.-C., connus sous le nom des deux premières guerres illyriennes et des deux premières guerres de Macédoine. L'objectif de ce travail à consisté à répondre à une question plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît : réexaminer plus précisément le sens historique de ces affrontements afin de mieux comprendre l'expansionnisme de la République romaine au tournant des IIIe et IIe siècles avant J.-C. Grâce à une aproche à la fois théorique, méthodologique et historiographique, il a été possible de mettre en évidence le fait que cette période des trente-cinq premières années des guerres romaines en Orient constitue un moment crucial pour repenser la nature et la dynamique de l'expansion militaire romaine dans cette partie du monde méditerranéen. Cette étude formule ainsi l’hypothèse que ces guerres romaines en Grèce se sont définie et développée sur la base d'objectifs militaires stricts et circonscrits, avant d’évoluer tardivement, seulement à partir de la fin de l’année 198 avant J.-C., vers une dimension impérialiste, mais encore naissante et décousue: depuis la guerre de type expéditionnaire en Illyrie jusqu'à la guerre de coalition en Grèce sous FlamininusThis research delves into Roman military conflicts in the Hellenistic world, specifically those occurring between 229 and 194 BCE, known as the first two Illyrian Wars and the first two Macedonian Wars. primary objective of this study is to address a more nuanced question than initially apparent: to meticulously reassess the historical significance of these conflicts for a better comprehension of the Roman Republic's expansionism during the transition from the 3rd to the 2nd centuries BCE. Employing a theoretical, methodological, and historiographical critical approach, the research effectively highlights that the initial thirty-five years of Roman wars in the East represent a pivotal period demanding a reevaluation of the nature and dynamics of Roman military expansion in this segment of the Mediterranean world. The study posits the hypothesis that these Roman wars in Greece were initially defined and developed based on precise and delimited military objectives. However, they later evolved, starting only from the conclusion of the year 198 BCE, into an incipient and fragmented imperialistic dimension — progressing from expeditionary warfare in Illyria to the coalition war in Greece under Flamininus
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Méa, Corentin. "La cavalerie romaine des Sévères à Théodose". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30027/document.
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Dans son ouvrage de référence L'Empire romain en mutation des Sévères à Constantin (192-337 p.C.), Jean-Michel Carrié évoque les changements intervenus dans les armées au cours du IIIe et du début du IVe siècles. Selon lui, “les tâches de patrouille aux frontières, la nécessité d'intervenir rapidement dans les secteurs menacés, a imposé une plus grande mobilité”. En échos à l'historiographie du XXe siècle, il n'hésite pas à parler pour l'année 378 p.C. d'une “armée largement reconvertie à l'arme équestre” au moment de la bataille d'Andrinople. L'idée d'une montée en puissance de l'arme de cavalerie au sein de l'armée romaine entre les règnes de Septime Sévère et de Théodose n'est pas nouvelle. Tous les auteurs abordant le sujet de l'évolution de l'armée romaine tardive mettent en exergue le renouveau de la cavalerie. Leur argumentaire repose essentiellement sur une source, la Notice des Dignités, et sur le fait que Gallien aurait créé un commandement de cavalerie vers 256 p.C. Il convient donc de reprendre tous les éléments du dossier et de s'interroger sur la réalité de cette “armée largement convertie à l'arme équestre”. Y a-t-il des changements structurels majeurs et un renouvellement de la hiérarchie ? Les missions attribuées, tant militaires que civiles, sont-elles vraiment différentes par rapport à celles du Haut-Empire ? Dans un premier temps, nous favorisons une approche chronologique des métamorphoses intervenues au sein de l'arme de cavalerie. Cette dernière est composée à l'orée du IIIe siècle de trois types d'unités héritées de l'armée du Principat : les alae, les cohortes equitatae et les equites legionis. La première partie s'intéresse à leur transformation -ci au cours des IIIe et IVe siècles. La deuxième partie se penche sur les innovations intervenues entre les règnes de Gallien et de Dioclétien. La troisième partie se concentre sur les mutations du IVe siècle de Constantin à Théodose. Dans un deuxième temps, il convient de revenir sur le quotidien des unités de cavalerie lorsqu'elles sont stationnées dans les camps ou les forts de l'Empire. La quatrième partie, traite ainsi, en deux volets, la vie en garnison. Dans un troisième et dernier temps, nous cherchons à déterminer les éventuels perfectionnements de l'arme de cavalerie. La cinquième partie est centrée sur le couple du cavalier et du cheval. Enfin, dans une sixième partie, il nous faut comprendre la nouvelle place occupée par la cavalerie au sein de l'armée romaine tardive en étudiant la physionomie du combat de cavalerieIn his reference book L'Empire romain en mutation des Sévères à Constantin (192-337 p.C.), Jean-Michel Carrié evokes changes in the late Roman army. He notes that “tasks of border patrols and the need of quick intervention in threatened areas imposed a better mobility”. Echoing to twentieth-century historiography, he argues that the Roman army appears “largely converted to the cavalry” at the Battle of Adrianople (378 A.D.) Several historians have already written about the rise of the weapon of cavalry in the Roman army during the reigns of Septimius Severus and Theodosius. All of them agree to highlight the revival of cavalry when dealing with the evolution of the Late Roman army. Considering that Gallienus would have created a command of cavalry in 256 A.D., theirs works are mainly based upon the analysis of a fourth-century document called the Notitia Dignitatum. We endeavour to reopen the case in order to question the reality of an army supposedly “largely converted to the cavalry”. Were there such things as great structural changes and a renewal of the hierarchy? Would assigned missions, both military and civilian, be very different in the Late Empire than they were in the Early Empire?
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Pearson, Elizabeth Hazel. "The development of army administration in the Roman Republic". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-army-administration-in-the-roman-republic(5ad7587e-18e8-4dcd-8fc6-52a32717213b).html.
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The study of Roman military administration has largely been limited to the Prinicipate following the discovery of documents at Vindolanda and Dura-Europos. The origin of this administration is either attributed to Augustus’ military reforms or considered older but irrecoverable based on a perceived lack of evidence. This thesis aims to demonstrate that, far from irrecoverable, it is possible to reconstruct the development of a relatively complex and well-structured bureaucratic system supporting the army during the Middle Republic. This bureaucracy developed in parallel with the military as the scale and scope of Rome’s wars increased during the period, and is reflected in the evolution of an administrative complex on the south-eastern slope of the Capitol. It is argued that in Rome and within the legion detailed records were kept and, within reason, every effort was made to keep them as accurate as possible. The Capitol functioned as the administrative hub, where census declarations and the census list, stored in the atrium Libertatis, served as the central authority for military records. Other military documents kept in the aerarium Saturni provided support. Lists such as the tabulae iuniorum were created from the census records, with exemptions and served terms noted. From these, legion lists with the same details could be created by military tribunes or scribae at the dilectus, the military recruitment levy, in the area Capitolina. One copy of this list was taken with the legion, and from 204 BC another was left in Rome. These parallel documents enabled a degree of cooperation between the administrative authorities within the legions and at Rome. The legion lists allowed commanders (or their subordinates) to act as devolved satellite bureaucracies, with more exact information from being on the spot. Frequent letters and embassies from the legions to the senate meant that these satellites could communicate not only their tactical position but also administrative information. In the field, legion lists provided commanders with a record of their men. Additional information on rank was added once the legion was organised. Using this list the quaestor calculated the pay for each individual, marking the separate deductions to be made from each soldier. Commanders took care to keep the record of their numbers accurate, noting casualties in as much detail as time and injuries allowed. This information was transmitted to the senate in order to keep the legions up to strength, not only by replacing casualties but also those who had served the ideal maximum term of six years. Overly long service was for the most part thus avoided. It appears that every effort was made to keep the records as up-to-date as possible, but it was recognised that errors could occur. The lustra conducted by new generals provided the opportunity to correct any omissions or mistakes as well as ritually purifying the army under a new commander. The emergency levy circumvented any errors in the census so that Rome could mobilise effectively in a crisis. It was not Augustan invention but these Mid-Republican developments which presaged the bureaucratic system known under the Principate.
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Alston, Richard. "The Roman Army in Egypt, 31 B.C. to A.D. 212". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1991. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-roman-army-in-egypt-31-bc-to-ad-212(fbbdf08d-3248-4b84-8af0-a5edce5dc2ba).html.
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Sandra, Saied. ""EU-kommissionen är inte FBI. Vad vill du att vi ska göra? Ska vi skicka en armé till Rumänien eller vad?"". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28364.
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The purpose of this essay is to do a case specific examination of the EU level implementation of the integration of Romanian Roma. The essay is divided into two parts. The first part of the essay constitutes a description of relevant European Union policy instruments and the current ambition to integrate the Romanian Roma. The second part of the essay is a qualitative text analysis based on debate articles published in the Swedish daily newspaper Dagens Nyheter. The articles are systematically categorized by different themes in order to try to analyze the reasoning and argumentation in this area. The aim of the qualitative analysis is to find the core of the debate and then try to compare it with the EU’s ambitions to integrate Romanian Roma. The essay concludes that there are problematic aspects to the implementation of Romanian Roma integration. This essay shows one of these problematic aspects. It is a complicated problem without a single, given solution. Rather, there are a number of factors that contributes to the problem. The essay also offers some new facts that can constitute a basis for further research.
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Désuert, Nicole. "Les voies labyrinthiques de la légitimation impériale romaine". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2020_0299_DESUERT.pdf.
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Le pouvoir impérial romain comporte de multiples facettes, à la fois religieuses, militaires et politiques et se révèle, ainsi, d’une très grande complexité.En effet, les différentes formes de légitimation impériale peuvent emprunter la source religieuse, utiliser la gloire militaire, ou tout simplement, s’en remettre au choix sénatorial.L’émergence d’un pouvoir personnel institutionnalisé se fera lentement, grâce à la naissance du culte impérial, favorisant, ainsi, une légitimité impériale, axée sur le statut surhumain du prince.Puis, inévitablement, l’empereur va se trouver confronté à la question successorale. C’est pourquoi, l’empereur va suggérer sa préférence dynastique en faisant participer un membre de sa famille au gouvernement impérial.Ainsi, la recherche de la légitimation impériale, tout en se distinguant par sa complexité, comporte trois phases essentielles : la désignation impériale, le maintien du pouvoir impérial, puis la transmission de celui-ciThe Roman imperial power includes several aspects such as religious, militaries and politics. Thus, it reveals a very great complexity. Indeed, the different kinds of imperial legitimacy can take a religious origin, use a glory military or it can leave it to senatorial choice. The emergence of a institutionalized personal power will come out slowly, thanks to the creation of an imperial worship, furthering an imperial legitimacy, which is based on superhuman status of prince. Then, necessarily, the emperor is going to be faced up to inheritance question. That is the reason, the emperor is going to suggest his dynastic preference, involving a member of his family inside imperial government. Thus, the research of imperial legitimacy, even if it distinguishes by his intricacy, includes three essential stages : imperial appointment, upholding of imperial power, then demise of imperial power
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Peden, McParland Andrea. "Trapped in her lover's arms, the problem of courtship and romance in selected novels by L. M. Montgomery". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ33428.pdf.
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Emion, Maxime. "Des soldats de l'armée romaine tardive : les protectores (IIIe-VIe siècles ap. J.-C.)". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR103/document.
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Les protectores diuini lateris Augusti, soldats de haut rang attestés dans l’armée romaine entre le IIIe siècle et le VIe siècle, ont été considérés tour à tour par les historiens comme des gardes du corps impériaux, des officiers d’état-major, ou les successeurs des centurions. Mais ces interprétations soulèvent bien des contradictions que cette étude d’histoire militaire et sociale, appuyée sur un corpus prosopographique, vise à résoudre. Les évolutions du recrutement, des carrières et des fonctions des protectores sont révélatrices des recompositions du commandement de l’armée romaine tardive. L’analyse ouvre également une fenêtre sur l’environnement social et culturel de ces soldats privilégiés, amenés à fréquenter tant les champs de bataille que la cour impériale. Enfin, en plaçant au centre de la réflexion la relation de ces soldats avec l’empereur, à la fois chef de l’armée et garant de l’ordre social et symbolique du monde de l’Antiquité tardive, on comprend comment les protectores s’inscrivaient, aux yeux des Romains, au sein d’un ordre terrestre des dignités reflétant la hiérarchie célesteThe protectores diuini lateris Augusti, high-ranking soldiers attested in the Roman army from the 3rd c. to the 6th c. AD, have been alternately defined by historians as imperial bodyguards, staff officers, or centurions under a new name. This study, based on a prosopography, aims to resolve the contradictions raised by these interpretations, from a military and social point of view. The evolutions of these soldiers’ recruitment, careers and functions, reflect deep changes in the command structure of the Late Roman army. The analysis also sheds light on the social and cultural background of these privileged soldiers, who were familiar with both the battlefield and the imperial court. By focusing on their privileged relationship with the emperor, who was at the same time general in chief and responsible for the social and symbolic order of the Late Antique world, we can finally understand how the protectores were part, in the eyes of the Romans, of an earthly order of dignities reflecting the celestial hierarchy
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Glad, Damien. "L'armement dans la région balkanique à l'époque romaine tardive et proto-byzantine (284-641) : héritage, adaptation et innovation". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010650.
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Cette thèse de doctorat en archéologie est consacrée à l'étude des "militaria" découvertes dans la péninsule balkanique et issues de contextes datés de l'époque romaine tardive et protobyzantine. La définition des champs de l'enquête permet, dans un premier temps, d'établir un corpus répertoriant 156 sites archéologiques à armes et de proposer l'inventaire des "militaria" dans leurs contextes historiographiques, géographiques et chronologiques. L'analyse typologique replace ensuite ces armes dans leurs contextes de production, de diffusion et d'approvisionnement, d'utilisation, d'entretien et d'abandon. Une telle analyse démontre enfin qu'aucune forme n'est anodine et que l'évolution de celle-ci résulte d'héritage, d'adaptation et d'innovationThis Phd work in archaeology deals with the study of "militaria", found on the Balkan Peninsula, from late roman and early-byzantine archaeological contexts. At first, the definition of field investigation allows to establish a database indexing 156 archaeological sites with weapons and to take stock of the "militaria" within their historiographical, geographical and chronological contexts. Cluster analysis then puts these weapons in their contexts of manufacture, circulation and supplying, use, maintenance and abandonment. This analysis demonstrates finally that no style is trivial and that the evolution of the latter results of inheritance, borrowing and innovation
Książki na temat "Romania. Army"
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Hlihor, Constantin. The Red Army in Romania. Iași ; Portland: Center for Romanian Studies, 2000.
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Torrey, Glenn E. The revolutionary Russian Army and Romania, 1917. Pittsburgh, PA: The Center for Russian & East European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, 1995.
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Gheorghe, Diaconescu. Democratic control over the army in Romania. Redaktorzy Pavel Nicolae doctorand i Șerban Floarea. Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedică, 1996.
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Axworthy, Mark. The Romanian Army of World War 2. London: Osprey Pub., 1991.
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Prodan, Costică. The Romanian army during the First World War. Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 1998.
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Jipa, Rotaru, König Carol, Duțu Alesandru i Ardeleanu Eftimie, red. Armata română în al doilea război mondial =: Romanian army in World War II. București: Editura Meridiane, 1995.
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Porter, Ivor. Operation Autonomous: With S.O.E. in wartime Romania. London: Chatto & Windus, 1989.
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Cartner, Holly. Struggling for ethnic identity: Ethnic Hungarians in post-Ceausescu Romania. New York, N.Y: Human Rights Watch, 1993.
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Boda, Adrian, József Benkő, Ottmar Trașcă i Valentin Orga. Armata Română pe frontul de est în imagini (1941-1944) = The Romanian Army on the Eastern Front in photographs (1941-1944) = Die rumänische Armee an der Ostfront in Bildern (1941-1944). Cluj-Napoca: Argonaut, 2021.
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Voicu, Marin. Sacrificiu și supraviețuire: Armata Română în Cotul Donului şi Stepa Calmucă, 1942-1943. Bragadiru: Editura Miidecărţi, 2019.
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Harward, Grant T. "Introduction". W Romania's Holy War, 1–16. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759963.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter shows how nationalism, religion, antisemitism, and anticommunism fueled Romania’s “holy war” from 1941 to 1944. Romanian soldiers believed they participated in a just war against Soviet aggression. Indeed, shared antisemitism, anticommunism, and to a much lesser extent anti-Slavism, bound Romania to Nazi Germany. So much so that the Romanian Army closely collaborated with the German Army in Adolf Hitler’s “war of annihilation.” While anti-Slav racism was less prevalent than in the German Army, the Romanian Army was anxious to take vengeance on Jews in eastern Romania, whom it accused of treachery, and it was more than willing to back the S.S. in implementing the “Final Solution” in the Soviet Union. Romania’s holy war consisted of two interlinked campaigns: fighting on the front, and slaughtering Jews and communists in the rear. The same ideology that justified sacrifice in battle also predisposed Romanian soldiers toward genocide against Jews.
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Harward, Grant T. "Ideology of Holy War". W Romania's Holy War, 17–35. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759963.003.0002.
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This chapter delves into the ideological basis of Romanian soldiers' motivation. Nazi Germany and the U.S.S.R.’s titanic struggle has always been recognized as ideological, but Romania’s part in it has fallaciously been portrayed as unideological. In truth, centuries of religious tradition, age-old anti-Judaism combined with modern antisemitism, a century of nationalist zealotry, and burgeoning anticommunist paranoia predisposed Romanians to embrace the holy war. These ideological beliefs cut across class boundaries, uniting soldiers horizontally with comrades and vertically with officers. The Romanian Army started mobilizing in 1937, so there was time for soldiers to form primary groups, many of which experienced the humiliating withdrawal from eastern Romania in 1940 that army propaganda blamed on Jews.
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Harward, Grant T. "Army Culture, Interwar Politics, and Neutrality". W Romania's Holy War, 36–63. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759963.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the culture and politics of the interwar Romanian Army. The First World War transformed the Romanian Army, re-equipping it with the panoply of modern war and acting as a catalyst that increased the officer corps' professionalism. Yet they soon lost to a devastating Austro-German-Bulgarian counteroffensive. French and British military missions then arrived to retrain and rearm the Romanian Army. Later, better armed, officered, and trained Romanian troops, backed by Russian soldiers, fended off a major Austro-German summer offensive. The Russian Army collapsed after the Bolshevik revolution, compelling Romania to agree to an armistice and sign a peace treaty, though it later rejoined the war and shared in the Entente Powers' victory. By 1919, the Romanian Army tried to build upon its progress in peacetime; however, it was frustrated by the social and economic realities of interwar Romania.
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"The Lord’s Army". W Sectarianism and Renewal in 1920s Romania. Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350100985.ch-008.
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Truxal, Luke W. "The Summer Oil Offensive". W Uniting against the Reich, 155–67. University Press of Kentucky, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813198286.003.0009.
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Starting in May 1944 the commander of the United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe, Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz, finally received permission to attack Axis oil across the continent of Europe. Spaatz ordered the Eighth Air Force to target German synthetic oil plants in western and central Europe, while the Fifteenth Air Force carried out an aggressive strategic bombing campaign in the Balkans. The Fifteenth Air Force also continued to support the Red Army's efforts in seizing Romania throughout the summer of 1944. As a result of these attacks Axis oil production fell significantly creating the oil crises that were felt by the Wehrmacht during the Battle of the Bulge. Ultimately, Romanian crude oil production was permanently eliminated after the Second and Third Ukrainian Fronts destroyed the German Sixth Army in Romania. The occupation of the Romanian oil fields and refineries by the Red Army represented the end of the summer campaign against Axis oil.
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Watts, Larry L. "The Romanian Army in the December Revolution and Beyond". W Romania After Tyranny, 95–126. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429304941-7.
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Mevius, Martin. "The Policy of National Unity and the Soviet Factor (Autumn 1944—Spring 1945)". W Agents of Moscow, 47–68. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199274611.003.0004.
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Abstract In the autumn of 1944, Germany’s Eastern European allies collapsed one after the other. In Romania, King Michael deposed Marshal Antonescu and declared war on Germany on 25 August, the Red Army occupied Bulgaria on 5 September, and Finland signed a ceasefire with the Soviet Union on 19 September. The wartime national front policy could now be put into practice. In Bulgaria, a coup d’tat supported by the Red Army put the communist-dominated ‘Fatherland Front’ into power, and in Romania communists took part in the new Provisional Government and formed the ‘National Democratic Front’ in October 1944.
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Klinger, William, i Denis Kuljiš. "The Belgrade Operation". W Tito's Secret Empire, 181–86. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197572429.003.0027.
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This chapter analyzes how self-styled Marshal Tito was impressed with the fourteen-year older generalissimo, Joseph Stalin, who was at the peak of his power and was able to move armies of millions. It talks about Stalin's intention to give Tito arms for building a real army and to send two Soviet strategic formations to the Balkan theater of operations. It also mentions the representatives of the Bulgarian Fatherland Front who went to Craiova in Romania to sign an agreement with Tito on the engagement of their army against the German forces on the Yugoslav front. The chapter details Stalin's arrangement with Stalin about the Red Army entering Yugoslavia, liberating Belgrade, and simultaneously cutting the German Army Group E's withdrawal route from Greece along the Morava Valley. It examines how the Yugoslav Partisan participated in the operation with its forces that had been crossing from Bosnia into Serbia.
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Ratiu, Pamela, Rareș Crăiuț i Donald Sloan. "Transylvania Fest, An itinerant food and culture festival". W Food and Drink: the cultural context. Goodfellow Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-908999-03-0-2331.
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Established in London in 1979 by Ion and Elizabeth Ratiu, the Ratiu Family Charitable Foundation initiates and supports educational and cultural projects across Transylvania. Ion Ratiu (1917 – 2000), the elected leader of the World Union of Free Romanians, was a journalist, broadcaster and author, as well as a successful businessman in shipping and property. After studying law and joining the army, he entered Romania’s Foreign Service, and his first posting was to London. He obtained political asylum in the UK after Romania’s alignment with the Axis powers – those who fought with Germany against the Allied Forces. After the communist regime came to power in 1947, Ratiu remained in exile in London, from where he became the most consistent voice of opposition to Nicolae Ceausescu. In 1990, after 50 years in the UK, he returned his homeland to contest the presidency. Despite widespread disappointment at his failure to secure power, there is no doubting his impact on political and cultural life in Romania. Transylvania Fest builds on Ion Ratiu’s legacy. Its aims are to empower Romanian citizens to shape a strong future, while also stimulating pride in their unique cultural heritage. By focusing on the traditional foods of Transylvania, albeit adapted for a contemporary audience, it promotes economic development that is inclusive and community-oriented, that respects the natural environment, and that is sustainable. Initially conceived as a means of attracting tourists to a region of Romania that still has relatively few visitors, it has grown to become the country’s most prominent food festival that now receives international press coverage and that enjoys the patronage of Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Margarita and of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales.
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"Diana Dumitru, The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust: The Borderlands of Romania and the Soviet Union. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. xiv + 268 pp." W Textual Transmission in Contemporary Jewish Cultures, redaktor Avriel Bar-Levav, 256–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197516485.003.0017.
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This study by Moldovian historian Diana Dumitru focuses on Jewish-Gentile relations in Bessarabia and Transnistria from the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 to the liberation of these areas by the Red Army in 1944. Her book is based on material gleaned from a wide range of sources (archival, secondary, periodicals, oral testimonies) from Moldova, Romania, Ukraine, the United States, and Israel, and its six chapters cover three chronological periods: late tsarist Russia, interwar Romania and the U.S.S.R., and the Holocaust years....
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Romania. Army"
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Buse, Dorel. "ROMANIA DURING 1918-1919 AFTER 100 YEARS IN DIGITAL MEDIA". W eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-278.
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A page of history is now at 100 hundred years rewritten and the digital media and authors use it for promotion. The study has two parts, historical facts and a short analyse on the tools used to promote it. Historical context starts, on June 5, 1918, the Treaty of Peace imposed on Romania by the Central Powers was ratified by Parliament and forwarded to the King for promulgation; he postponed the signing of this treaty. As the French army began to cross the Danube, on November 10, at Giurgiu, Zimnicea, Turnu Magurele and other points, the Romanian army re-joined the war, Romania proving "de facto" that it is in the allied camp. In this setting, on 11 November 1918, the Compiegne Armistice, between Germany and the Allied Powers, was signed, acknowledging, among other things, the caducity of the Bucharest Peace Treaty. At the same time, the end of the war brought with it the completion of the process of unification of all the Romanian provinces under one standard. And as the complete unity of Romania could not have been made without the inhabitants of Transylvania, the "cradle of the formation of the Romanian nation" for which the Romanian army had crossed the Carpathians, on 18 November / 1 December 1918, the Great National Assembly in Alba Iulia voted "the unification of all the territories inhabited by the Romanians from the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy with Romania". The digital development of this page of history was approached by both historians and media. The study show that the papers has a 27% of the covering of the event, the rest being covert by various encyclopaedia, blogs and essays. By channel by far Facebook covers the news on that event followed by Youtube and What’s Up.
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TĂNASE, Mircea, i Alexandru Mihail TĂNASE. "ROMANIAN MILITARY PARATROOPERS - 80 YEARS OF HISTORY FOR ROMANIA (PERIOD 1941-1945)". W SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2021.22.30.
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In 2021, the military paratroopers celebrated 80 years of existence, since their establishment as a specialty, within the Romanian Aeronautics, later as a distinct weapon and generating, in turn, new military specialties, so necessary for an army that wants to be modern and performant. This specialty, established in the Romanian army at the beginning of the Second World War, was an attempt to respond and align with the needs and, why not, the modernity of the time. Passed through the fire of August 1944, disbanded immediately after the war and reborn from its own ashes in 1950, it managed, despite many hardships and sacrifices, some particularly painful, to impose itself as an elite weapon in the panoply of a modern Romanian army. Side by side with the military aviators, who always supported them with aircraft and aerodrome infrastructure, the paratroopers wrote history for Romania.
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SPÂNU, Alin. "SOVIET AERONAUTICS IN THE ANALYSIS OF ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICES (SEPTEMBER 1940 - JUNE 1941)". W SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2021.22.28.
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The Romanian i ntelligence services have closely monitored the Soviet forces that occupied Bessarabia and northern Bukovina in June-July 1940. Between September 1940 and June 1941, special attention was paid to Soviet aviation (aerodromes, aviation units, types of aircraft, doctrine, etc.) located on Romania's borders. On June 22, 1941, when the conflict between Germany and allies (including Romania) and the USSR began, the Romanian army had pertinent information about the Soviet armies in Bessarabia and Bukovina, especially about the air force. These data were used by Romanian-German forces to take by surprise the Soviet aeronautics and annihilate them.
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ŞTEFĂNESCU, Daniel-Cornel. "GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE GERMAN MILITARY MISSION ON ROMANIAN TERRITORY BETWEEN 1940 AND 1945". W SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.3.
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The German Military Mission arrived in Romania in 1940 with the stated purpose of training of the Romanian military in accordance with the new warfare technique. The activity and the role of this military mission impacted the Romanian army, both in terms of their training and in terms of the moral preparation of the Romanian soldier. These aspects are the main topics of this article, in which the method of historiographical investigation, as well as the comparative analysis were employed.
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DOICARIU, Daniel. "SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM - A PERSPECTIVE ON NATIONAL SECURITY". W SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.2.
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The potential offered by space is enormous, and Romania should appear on the map displaying space services and capabilities at national, NATO and EU level. The opportunities that arise from the implementation of a national space telecommunications program are in the governmental, civilian, commercial and military domanin. The Romanian Army must ensure its autonomy and freedom of action by using space capabilities safely.
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Beligan, Daniel. "10 YEARS OF ADL IN CAROL I NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY". W eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-061.
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The Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) system was introduced in "Carol I" National Defence University (NDU), since October 2005. In these 10 years of existence, has managed to create an integrated, functional system, gaining experience and developing capabilities that have received international recognition. These capabilities and educational services not only address to the "Carol I" university, but to the entire staff of the Romanian Army and cover training, education and life long learning domains. NDU ADL system includes a series of Web-based solutions which are briefly described in the article. There are several approaches to the use of the ADL in NDU: full online courses, which ends with a certicat of participation, blended courses and online educational services support. Apart from these there may be mentioned online initial testing and use of Learning Management System as collaborative workspace. Even if we like it or not, technology will continue to evolve in all areas, whether we are talking about civil or military. From this point of view, it is sufficient to look at the statistics in Romania acquisition of information and communication technology. For this reason, for the Romanian military education system it is imperative the extension of ADL system that has proved fully its viability in the training and education of military and civilian personnel in order to meet the demands of the knowledge society. ven if we like it or not, technology will continue to evolve in all areas, whether we are talking about civil or military. From this point of view, it is sufficient to look at the statistics in Romania acquisition of information and communication technology. For this reason, for the Romanian military education system it is imperative the extension of ADL system that has proved fully its viability in the training and education of military and civilian personnel in order to meet the demands of the knowledge society.
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HRAB, Daniela-Elena. "PROCUREMENT PROGRAMS CHALLENGES FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ROMANIAN MILITARY LOGISTICS". W International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2022/03.03.
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The military logistics is a key element in the military operations and activities, therefore it has to be adapted to the context in which combat and combat support troops evolve, to provide the full range of goods and services, in a sufficient and timely manner. This article explored, using the case study method, the extent to which the current and future procurement programs of the Romanian Army covered the broad range of logistic requirements generated by the actual economic and security context. Building on the large spectrum of logistics functional and related areas requirements, and also on the new strategic visions adopted this year by NATO and the EU, the article highlighted the fact that these strategic trends were in line with the sustainable development goals, on one hand, and also very demanding for the Romanian military logistics. The conducted study reveals a gap in the existing and planned procurement programs, which should be more logistics oriented, and also more focused on meeting the sustainability criteria determined by the context of sustainable development. Moreover, the research points to the need that the national defense industry be activated to include Romania into the military supply chain, to reduce dependencies from external support and enhance resilience.
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Miqdad oğlu Mustafayev, Beşir, i Elif Yıldız İbrahim kızı Yüce. "Correspondence between the Ottomans and Sheikh Shamil during the Crimean War: in the light of archival documents". W IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE. https://aem.az/, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/02/02.
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Our aim in this research is to discuss the correspondence with the Ottoman State during the Crimean War, as well as the opposition of Sheikh Shamil, with whom the Russians encountered during their invasion of the North Caucasus. Crimea is a Turkish country, has historically been a place of invasion by various foreign forces due to its geographical location and strategic location. The growing appetite of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the main purpose of which was to capture Istanbul and the right to vote in the straits, led to the beginning of the Crimean War. The Russian leadership began the war, by taking advantage of the privileges granted by the Ottomans to Christians Catholics in Jerusalem, the Armenians in Anatolia and the Greek Greeks. Although the Ottomans ended their relations with the Russians, but the Russian army went on a new offensive. Despite the fact that they did not openly declare war, they captured Eflak (Romania) and Bogdan (Moldova). On October 4, 1853, the Ottoman State declared war on Tsarist Russia. On the other hand, as far as the interests and power of the Ottoman State in Crimea were weakened, the Turkish rulers approached the Russians and over time fell victim to the Russian leadership's plan. Key words: North Caucasian, Ottoman, Russia, Sheikh Shamil, Crimean War
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Miqdad oğlu Mustafayev, Beşir. "KIRIM SAVAŞI ZAMANI OSMANLI İLE ŞEYH ŞÂMİL ARASINDAKİ YAZIŞMALAR: ARŞİV BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA". W IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE. https://www.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/2/2, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/2/245-16.
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Anahtar sözler: Kuzey Kafkas, Osmanlı, Rus, Şeyh Şâmil, Kırım Savaşı Correspondence between the Ottomans and Sheikh Shamil during the Crimean War: in the light of archival documents Summary Our aim in this research is to discuss the correspondence with the Ottoman State during the Crimean War, as well as the opposition of Sheikh Shamil, with whom the Russians encountered during their invasion of the North Caucasus. Crimea is a Turkish country, has historically been a place of invasion by various foreign forces due to its geographical location and strategic location. The growing appetite of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the main purpose of which was to capture Istanbul and the right to vote in the straits, led to the beginning of the Crimean War. The Russian leadership began the war, by taking advantage of the privileges granted by the Ottomans to Christians Catholics in Jerusalem, the Armenians in Anatolia and the Greek Greeks. Although the Ottomans ended their relations with the Russians, but the Russian army went on a new offensive. Despite the fact that they did not openly declare war, they captured Eflak (Romania) and Bogdan (Moldova). On October 4, 1853, the Ottoman State declared war on Tsarist Russia. On the other hand, as far as the interests and power of the Ottoman State in Crimea were weakened, the Turkish rulers approached the Russians and over time fell victim to the Russian leadership's plan. Key words: North Caucasian, Ottoman, Russia, Sheikh Shamil, Crimean War
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Miqdad oğlu Mustafayev, Beşir. "KIRIM SAVAŞI ZAMANI OSMANLI İLE ŞEYH ŞÂMİL ARASINDAKİ YAZIŞMALAR: ARŞİV BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA". W IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE. https://aem.az/, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/2/2/4-16.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Anahtar sözler: Kuzey Kafkas, Osmanlı, Rus, Şeyh Şâmil, Kırım Savaşı Correspondence between the Ottomans and Sheikh Shamil during the Crimean War: in the light of archival documents Summary Our aim in this research is to discuss the correspondence with the Ottoman State during the Crimean War, as well as the opposition of Sheikh Shamil, with whom the Russians encountered during their invasion of the North Caucasus. Crimea is a Turkish country, has historically been a place of invasion by various foreign forces due to its geographical location and strategic location. The growing appetite of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the main purpose of which was to capture Istanbul and the right to vote in the straits, led to the beginning of the Crimean War. The Russian leadership began the war, by taking advantage of the privileges granted by the Ottomans to Christians Catholics in Jerusalem, the Armenians in Anatolia and the Greek Greeks. Although the Ottomans ended their relations with the Russians, but the Russian army went on a new offensive. Despite the fact that they did not openly declare war, they captured Eflak (Romania) and Bogdan (Moldova). On October 4, 1853, the Ottoman State declared war on Tsarist Russia. On the other hand, as far as the interests and power of the Ottoman State in Crimea were weakened, the Turkish rulers approached the Russians and over time fell victim to the Russian leadership's plan. Key words: North Caucasian, Ottoman, Russia, Sheikh Shamil, Crimean War
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Romania. Army"
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Holtom, Paul. The Role of Interagency Cooperation in the Effective Implementation of Arms Trade Treaty Provisions: Brainstorming Workshop Summary. UNIDIR, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/24/asc/04.
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On Wednesday, 17 January 2024, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, Stimson Center, Conflict Armament Research, and the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs organized a one-day brainstorming workshop on “The Role of Interagency Cooperation in the Effective Implementation of Arms Trade Treaty Provisions”, in support of Romania’s presidency of the Tenth Conference of States Parties to the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT CSP10). This summary report presents some of the workshop’s key discussion points and issues for consideration during the ATT CSP10 cycle of meetings. It is anticipated that this document can support the preparation of a working paper by the CSP10 Presidency that contains recommendations for concrete action to support effective implementation and universalization of the ATT. This report provides some background information on the role of interagency cooperation in effective ATT implementation, based on a review of material shared by States. It highlights some of the common challenges for establishing and maintaining interagency cooperation, as well as lessons learned and key principles to support effective treaty implementation. Workshop participants shared concrete recommendations for consideration in the Working Groups on Effective Treaty Implementation, Transparency and Reporting, and Treaty Universalization, as well proposals to enable the sharing of effective practices to overcome challenges for establishing and maintaining interagency cooperation.
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Hunter, Fraser, i Martin Carruthers. Scotland: The Roman Presence. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, czerwiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.104.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Scotland in the Roman world: Research into Roman Scotland requires an appreciation of the wider frontier and Empire-wide perspectives, and Scottish projects must be integrated into these wider, international debates. The rich data set and chronological control that Scotland has to offer can be used to inform broader understandings of the impact of Rome. Changing worlds: Roman Scotland’s rich data set should be employed to contribute to wider theoretical perspectives on topics such as identity and ethnicity, and how these changed over time. What was the experience of daily life for the various peoples in Roman Scotland and how did interactions between incomers and local communities develop and change over the period in question, and, indeed, at and after its end? Frontier Life: Questions still remain regarding the disposition and chronology of forts and forces, as well as the logistics of sustaining and supplying an army of conquest and occupation. Sites must be viewed as part of a wider, interlocking set of landscapes, and the study of movement over land and by sea incorporated within this. The Antonine Wall provides a continuing focus of research which would benefit from more comparison with frontier structures and regimes in other areas. Multiple landscapes: Roman sites need to be seen in a broader landscape context, ‘looking beyond the fort’ and explored as nested and interlocking landscapes. This will allow exploration of frontier life and the changing worlds of the Roman period. To do justice to this resource requires two elements: o Development-control archaeology should look as standard at the hinterland of forts (up to c.1 km from the ‘core’), as sensitive areas and worthy of evaluation; examples such as Inveresk show the density of activity around such nodes. The interiors of camps should be extensively excavated as standard. o Integrated approaches to military landscapes are required, bringing in where appropriate topographical and aerial survey, LIDAR, geophysics, the use of stray and metal-detected finds, as well as fieldwalking and ultimately, excavation. The Legacy of Rome: How did the longer term influence of the Romans, and their legacy, influence the formation, nature and organisation of the Pictish and other emergent kingdoms?