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Malone, Laurell Coleman M. S. "The Multiple Roles of Women Pursuing Doctoral Studies". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30544.
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Increases in the employment of women in administrative and managerial careers have drawn attention to a need for research that examines the interdependency of work and family roles, a need that is particularly crucial in the area of academic administration. This was a qualitative study of the strategies and support systems women educational administrators use to deal with the multiple roles they perform in life and work while pursuing doctoral studies.
Forty-four women educational administrators enrolled in Virginia Tech's fall 1996 dissertation seminar were selected to participate in a telephone interview. Each participant's responses were recorded and transcribed. Data were sorted using a variable-oriented format. Matrices were used to categorize and analyze the data, note emerging patterns of strategies and support systems, and compare and contrast roles across personal and situational variables.
The women in this study cited time as the common factor in most role conflicts occurring during their years of doctoral study. Strategies that centered around time management (prioritize, delegate, compartmentalize,) were used to deal with their multiple roles. Feelings of guilt, stress, exhaustion, and isolation were common. They depended on positive and affective support systems that included family, friends, co-workers, and cohort members to deal with responsibilities of home, work, and doctoral study. A strong sense of commitment, determination, and spiritual faith was credited most often as the one thing that kept them going as they responded to the problems, issues, concerns, and challenges of performing multiple roles in life and work.Ed. D.
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Sundström, Rasmus. "Upplevelsen av att dela hem och arbete med samma person". Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-402.
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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur multipla roller upplevs och hanteras av personer som delar en professionell och en privat domän. Tidigare forskning har visat att multipla roller ofta upplevs som stressande och är en grund till konflikter i såväl den privata som den professionella domänen. Åtta personer i fyra intervjupar intervjuades individuellt med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Studiens resultat visar att samtliga deltagare har positiva upplevelser kring de delade domänerna då de anses ge en ökad förståelse för den andra parten och leda till en utvecklad relation. Vidare forskning föreslås koncentreras kring negativa upplevelser av fenomenet då denna undersökning inte undersökt detta.
3
Wilkey, Brian Mize. "Gender Role Flexibility: An Account of Its Effects on Career Role Projections". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1272047704.
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Simonsen, Gregory. "Masculine Role Conflict in Gay Men: Mediation of Psychological Well-Being and Help-Seeking Behaviors". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278913/.
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Gender role issues have been an integral part of psychology since the 1970s. More recently, theories and research have surfaced concerning the issues of maleness in our society. Most of these theories focus on masculine gender role and how it affects men in various ways, e.g., their psychological well-being, substance use, relational abilities, and help-seeking behaviors. One area of maleness that has consistently been left out of the Masculine Role Conflict (MRC) debate is that of homosexuality. As a gay man develops, he finds himself at odds with society over something that he experiences biologically as normal and appropriate. It is the contention of this paper that MRC is an issue related to psychological distress among gay men and not psychological weakness in gay men, per se.
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Leuthäuser, Max. "A Pure Embedding of Roles". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227624.
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Present-day software systems have to fulfill an increasing number of requirements, which makes them more and more complex. Many systems need to anticipate changing contexts or need to adapt to changing business rules or requirements. The challenge of 21th-century software development will be to cope with these aspects. We believe that the role concept offers a simple way to adapt an object-oriented program to its changing context. In a role-based application, an object plays multiple roles during its lifetime. If the contexts are represented as first-class entities, they provide dynamic views to the object-oriented program, and if a context changes, the dynamic views can be switched easily, and the software system adapts automatically. However, the concepts of roles and dynamic contexts have been discussed for a long time in many areas of computer science. So far, their employment in an existing object-oriented language requires a specific runtime environment. Also, classical object-oriented languages and their runtime systems are not able to cope with essential role-specific features, such as true delegation or dynamic binding of roles. In addition to that, contexts and views seem to be important in software development. The traditional code-oriented approach to software engineering becomes less and less satisfactory. The support for multiple views of a software system scales much better to the needs of todays systems. However, it relies on programming languages to provide roles for the construction of views.
As a solution, this thesis presents an implementation pattern for role-playing objects that does not require a specific runtime system, the SCala ROles Language (SCROLL). Via this library approach, roles are embedded in a statically typed base language as dynamically evolving objects. The approach is pure in the sense that there is no need for an additional compiler or tooling. The implementation pattern is demonstrated on the basis of the Scala language. As technical support from Scala, the pattern requires dynamic mixins, compiler-translated function calls, and implicit conversions. The details how roles are implemented are hidden in a Scala library and therefore transparent to SCROLL programmers. The SCROLL library supports roles embedded in structured contexts. Additionally, a four-dimensional, context-aware dispatch at runtime is presented. It overcomes the subtle ambiguities introduced with the rich semantics of role-playing objects. SCROLL is written in Scala, which blends a modern object-oriented with a functional programming language. The size of the library is below 1400 lines of code so that it can be considered to have minimalistic design and to be easy to maintain. Our approach solves several practical problems arising in the area of dynamical extensibility and adaptation.
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Al, Shirawi Thaira Mohammed. "Strategy implementation : exploring roles, perceptions, and expectations of middle managers' practices". Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12817.
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Strategy and its successful implementation is the responsibility of all stakeholders in an organisation; however, thus far, most empirical research in the field of strategy has mainly focused on Boards of Directors or senior management. The dearth of research, as evidenced from the review of the literature concerning the roles of middle managers in strategy implementation, coupled with the disagreement of senior management on their importance, leaves room for discovery. Acknowledging the importance of middle managers’ roles and agreeing what is expected from them in strategy implementation prompts organisations to create the conditions to enable them for strategy implementation. These ideas led to this investigation by exploring what enables the roles and practices of middle managers in strategy implementation. This research adopts the interpretive research approach in an effort to investigate middle managers’ involvement in strategy implementation across three industrial manufacturing organisations in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Through the development of a conceptual framework incorporating aspects of roles, role expectations, practices and context, the thesis highlights the difference between the perception of roles and expectations and roles in practice. The chosen respondents were senior and middle managers. The main findings of the research showed that there exists a gap between the perception of senior managers and middle managers on the roles of middle managers and on aspects enabling their strategic agency; this resulted in an ‘implementation gap’, which can hinder the successful execution of organisation strategy. This thesis discovers that the issues of management are the same regardless of the geographic situation or cultures within which the organisations operate, and that there are lessons to be learned from each other. A conceptual framework emerged from the exploratory qualitative research which confirms and opens up new avenues in understanding the roles of middle managers in practice in the area of strategy implementation. The implications are a need to understand it more empirically and a need to bridge the gap in practice. Key words: Strategy implementation, Middle manager, Roles, Role expectations, Practices.
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Rahimi, Rastgar Sanaz, i Niloufar Razavi. "A System for Building Corpus Annotated With Semantic Roles". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Informationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20594.
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Semantic role labelling (SRL) is a natural language processing (NLP) technique that maps sentences to semantic representations. This can be used in different NLP tasks. The goal of this master thesis is to investigate how to support the novel method proposed by He Tan for building corpus annotated with semantic roles. The mentioned goal provides the context for developing a general framework of the work and as a result implementing a supporting system based on the framework. Implementation is followed using Java. Defined features of the system reflect the usage of frame semantics in understanding and explaining the meaning of lexical items. This prototype system has been processed by the biomedical corpus as a dataset for the evaluation. Our supporting environment has the ability to create frames with all related associations through XML, updating frames and related information including definition, elements and example sentences and at last annotating the example sentences of the frame. The output of annotation is a semi structure schema where tokens of a sentence are labelled. We evaluated our system by means of two surveys. The evaluation results showed that our framework and system have fulfilled the expectations of users and has satisfied them in a good scale. Also feedbacks from users have defined new areas of improvement regarding this supporting environment.
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Lang, Joel. "Unsupervised induction of semantic roles". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6254.
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In recent years, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to the task of automatic frame-semantic analysis. Given the relative maturity of syntactic parsing technology, which is an important prerequisite, frame-semantic analysis represents a realistic next step towards broad-coverage natural language understanding and has been shown to benefit a range of natural language processing applications such as information extraction and question answering. Due to the complexity which arises from variations in syntactic realization, data-driven models based on supervised learning have become the method of choice for this task. However, the reliance on large amounts of semantically labeled data which is costly to produce for every language, genre and domain, presents a major barrier to the widespread application of the supervised approach. This thesis therefore develops unsupervised machine learning methods, which automatically induce frame-semantic representations without making use of semantically labeled data. If successful, unsupervised methods would render manual data annotation unnecessary and therefore greatly benefit the applicability of automatic framesemantic analysis. We focus on the problem of semantic role induction, in which all the argument instances occurring together with a specific predicate in a corpus are grouped into clusters according to their semantic role. Our hypothesis is that semantic roles can be induced without human supervision from a corpus of syntactically parsed sentences, by leveraging the syntactic relations conveyed through parse trees with lexical-semantic information. We argue that semantic role induction can be guided by three linguistic principles. The first is the well-known constraint that semantic roles are unique within a particular frame. The second is that the arguments occurring in a specific syntactic position within a specific linking all bear the same semantic role. The third principle is that the (asymptotic) distribution over argument heads is the same for two clusters which represent the same semantic role. We consider two approaches to semantic role induction based on two fundamentally different perspectives on the problem. Firstly, we develop feature-based probabilistic latent structure models which capture the statistical relationships that hold between the semantic role and other features of an argument instance. Secondly, we conceptualize role induction as the problem of partitioning a graph whose vertices represent argument instances and whose edges express similarities between these instances. The graph thus represents all the argument instances for a particular predicate occurring in the corpus. The similarities with respect to different features are represented on different edge layers and accordingly we develop algorithms for partitioning such multi-layer graphs. We empirically validate our models and the principles they are based on and show that our graph partitioning models have several advantages over the feature-based models. In a series of experiments on both English and German the graph partitioning models outperform the feature-based models and yield significantly better scores over a strong baseline which directly identifies semantic roles with syntactic positions. In sum, we demonstrate that relatively high-quality shallow semantic representations can be induced without human supervision and foreground a promising direction of future research aimed at overcoming the problem of acquiring large amounts of lexicalsemantic knowledge.
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Reiss, Richard Arnold. "Three Roles". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1237405268.
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Thomason, Lisa Aaron. "Role Strain Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer Couples Diagnosed with Cancer". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5664.
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In society, individuals tend to be socialized into roles that take on characteristics of masculine and feminine. Studies exist on the role strain experienced by heterosexual couples dealing with a life-threatening illness due to this characterization. The scholarly literature lacks studies on the understanding of roles, as well as possible role strain, in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) couples when dealing a life-threatening illness. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the role strain experiences of LGBTQ couples who are living with cancer diagnoses of a partner. Biddle's role strain theory provided the conceptual framework for this study. The study included interviewing five LGBTQ couples with a partner having a first-time diagnosis of Stage II or III cancer. Face-to-face, individual, semistructured interviews were used to collect the data, and an open coding method to analyze the data. The themes identified were the significance of fluid roles prior to cancer diagnoses, adjustment to role change, relationship since cancer diagnoses, chosen or determined roles, and society's views of roles. Finding were LGBQT couples roles were chosen or determined based on the task they enjoy or like to do instead of stereotypical view of masculine and feminine. LGBTQ couples did not report experiencing role strain related to assuming additional roles due to their partners' illness. Positive implications for social change resulted from the ability to inform healthcare providers how LGBTQ couples manage when supporting a partner diagnosed with Stage II or Stage III cancer.
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Boxwell, Stephen Arthur. "A CCG-Based Method for Training a Semantic Role Labeler in the Absence of Explicit Syntactic Training Data". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322594816.
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Kruger, Karen. "Experiences of gender role assignment by women in transitional marriages". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5103.
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Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)BACKGROUND: Global female workforce participation has increased rapidly over the past few decades, and the majority of marriages are now dual-earning. Marriages were therefore expected to shift from traditional to egalitarian, where household tasks are shared equally between spouses. However, decades later, the majority of marriages are still found to be in a transitional phase, where women are employed outside of the home, but maintain responsibility for the majority of domestic tasks and childcare. The transitional marriage holds a number of complications for spouses, as gender roles are no longer clearly defined and more difficult to negotiate. Married women are under particular strain as they now have to balance both the work and family roles. OBJECT: The aim of the present study is to gain a better understanding of how women in transitional marriages experience and make meaning of the roles that they fulfil. Minimal research has been devoted to this issue, and the literature largely focuses on marriages at the traditional or egalitarian ends of the gender role spectrum. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women in transitional marriages, with children living at home. The data were examined using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The results indicated that the majority of participants worked out of economic necessity as opposed to choice, and that half of the participants earned more than their spouses. Most participants still harboured traditional gender beliefs even though their external circumstances had changed. This discrepancy seemed to cause significant internal and marital conflict, yet the attainment of more egalitarian beliefs seemed difficult to attain owing to feelings of guilt and a perceived threat of identity loss. Consequently, the majority of participants had difficulty relinquishing control over several household tasks. Furthermore, demanding work hours, the lack of family-friendly policies at work, and cultural factors also played a role in the maintenance of traditional beliefs by participants CONCLUSIONS: Much research still needs to be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of changing gender roles in society, as well as to inform new workforce legislation that could enhance the lives of families. Lastly, as most studies focus on the experiences of women regarding the division of labour (probably because of the significant adaptations that have occurred in women’s roles), it becomes necessary to gain an understanding of the experiences of men as well, particularly if research is going to be utilised for the benefit of the whole family. As became evident, unequal division of tasks is often maintained by women for several reasons, and is no longer necessarily the result of oppression by men, as much of the literature suggests.
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Bloomfield, Elizabeth A. "Gender role stereotyping and art interpretation". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1550.
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This research explores the relationship between gender role stereotypes and art interpretation. The study focuses on survey results collected from high school students in an art education classroom and undergraduate college students in an art exploration course. The aim of the study was to determine if gender role stereotypes affects the way that individuals perceive artwork as created by a male or female artist. Results show that gender role stereotyping along with the gender of the participant affects the symbolism within the artwork that results in the attribution of artwork being created by a male or female artists. It also demonstrates a perceived decrease in gender role stereotypes of males over the past 42 years.
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Lanter, Jason Richard. "“Not that there’s anything wrong with that…”: Perceptions of Masculine Men and Feminine Men as a Breadwinner or Caregiver". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218060049.
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Lommers-Johnson, Tess A. "Stressful Scriptures: Gender Role Ideology, Gender Role Stress, and Christian Religiosity". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/761.
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The Gender Role Stress paradigm asserts that individuals experience distress when they cannot or do not want to live up to the roles prescribed to their gender, and this stress is related to Gender Role Ideology. Within American Christian culture, gender roles are socialized and shaped according to tradition and the Bible. To investigate the intersection of these factors, Christian adults will respond to questionnaires about their Gender Role Ideology, Gender Role Stress, and religiosity. Significant positive correlational relationships between Gender Role Ideology and Gender Role Stress, between religiosity and Gender Role Ideology, and between religiosity and Gender Role Stress are expected for both men and women. However, Gender Role Ideology is expected to partially mediate any relationship found between religiosity and Gender Role Stress. This will imply that for Christian individuals, religiosity and Christianity are related to Gender Role Stress but this relationship is dependent on an individual’s beliefs about gender roles. Implications and further directions are discussed, including spiritual gender role negotiation and the sanctification paradigm.
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Webb, Gary Ray. "An Examination of Gender Role Differentiation in Crowd and Collective Behavior". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278003/.
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This study examines the relationship between social stress and gender role differentiation. Crowd and collective behavior literature suggests two competing hypotheses. Social contagion theories suggest that gender roles become dedifferentiated in crowds. Social structural theories suggest that gender roles in crowds parallel institutional gender roles. The case study format is used to assess the relationship. Six crowd events, representing varying levels of social stress, were observed. Data were gathered via systematic observations, interviews and document analysis. The findings indicate that gender roles in crowds parallel institutional gender roles. Culturally prescribed gender expectations endure across social stress settings.
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Gadd, Karen Jane. "Role theory revisited : a frame analysis of occupational health roles". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306950.
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Andersson, Julia, i Rebecka From. ""Om jag jobbar jag förstår vem jag är och jag är stark" : En fallstudie om somaliskfödda kvinnors upplevelser av förvärvsarbetets effekter på deras vardagsliv och familjeroller i Sverige". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36095.
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Den somaliskfödda gruppen beskrivs ofta som den mest svårintegrerade i Sverige med en stor underrepresentation på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. De beskrivs ha traditionella värderingar och könsroller som ofta dikterar arbetsfördelning och funktioner i familjen. Den aktuella studien ämnar undersöka effekten av ett förvärvsarbete för somaliska familjeroller i ett migrationsperspektiv. Genom att jämföra lönearbetande och arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnors upplevelser avser studien även belysa förvärvsarbetets betydelse för kvinnans vardagsliv. Uppsatsen bygger på tidigare forskning om de historiska, sociala och transnationella dimensionerna i somaliskt familjeliv och kultur samt teoretiska begrepp såsom rollkonflikt, rollförändring och rollförhandling. En kvalitativ jämförande fallstudie har genomförts, där resultatet baseras på data från semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta respondenter deltog i undersökningen, varav fyra var förvärvsarbetande och fyra arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnor. Med utgångspunkt från tidigare forskning och samhällsvetenskapens rollteori har resultatet analyserats för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna. I resultatet framkommer det att det finns vissa skillnader mellan de båda grupperna. De somaliska familjerna där kvinnorna inte befinner sig i ett förvärvsarbete har en distinkt uppdelning av hushållsarbetet, där kvinnan står för majoriteten av sysslorna. Det är även tydligt att de traditionella somaliska familjerollerna fortfarande vidmakthålls. I de familjer där de somaliskfödda kvinnorna lönearbetar däremot, har de traditionella familjerollerna uppluckrats och lett till en mer jämlik fördelning av hushållsarbetet. Där delar mannen, kvinnan och barnen på ansvaret. Fortsättningsvis framkommer det att de arbetslösa somaliskfödda kvinnorna är mycket angelägna om att ha ett arbete då självständighet från stat och myndigheter är drivkraften. För de lönearbetande kvinnorna framkommer istället ett tydligare fokus på att vara självständig från mannen och kunna bestämma mer i familjeangelägenheter. Resultatet visar även hur samhällets förväntningar på kvinnorna har påverkat deras drivkrafter till att arbeta och sätt att tänka om sin funktion i familjen.Somali-born immigrants are often described as the most difficult group to integrate into Swedish society with an extensive underrepresentation on the Swedish labour market as well as traditional values and gender roles that often dictate the division of labour and functions in the family. This study aims to examine the effects of a job on Somali family roles from a migration perspective. By comparing wage-earning and unemployed Somali-born women's experiences, the study also aspires to elucidate the importance of a job in their everyday life. The essay is based on previous research on the historical, social and transnational dimensions of Somali family life and culture, as well as theoretical concepts such as role conflict, role change and role negotiation. A qualitative comparative case study has been conducted, based on data from semi-structured interviews. Eight respondents participated in the survey – four employed and four unemployed women born in Somalia. The results were then analyzed in the light of previous research and the theoretical concepts. The result shows that there are some interesting differences between the two groups. The Somali families in which the women are unemployed have a distinct division of the household work, where the woman assumes the majority of the workload. Here it is also clear that traditional Somali family roles are still of importance. However, in the families where the Somali-born women have employment, traditional family roles have changed and led to a more even distribution of household work, where the men, women and children share the responsibility. Furthermore, it appears that the unemployed Somali-born women are very keen to have a job, as independence from the state and government is a main driving force. For the wage-earners on the other hand, there is a clearer focus on being independent from the man and being able to be a decision-maker in family matters. The result also illustrates how society's expectations on women influence their driving forces to work and the way they think about their role in the family.
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Wupperman, Peggilee. "Differences in Depressive Symptoms as a Function of Gender, Roles, and Rumination". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4375/.
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Research indicates that women are more likely to experience depression than are men. The current study examined the effects of gender, socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism on symptoms of depression in young adults. As predicted, rumination mediated the relationship between gender and depression, and socialized gender roles had a greater explanatory power for rumination, neuroticism, and depression than did gender. Contrary to predictions, rumination did not mediate neuroticism's effects on depression. Structural equation modeling reveled that rumination-on-sadness positively predicted neuroticism and depression. However, rumination-in-general, while positively predicting neuroticism, negatively predicted symptoms of depression. Finally, once socialized gender roles, rumination, and neuroticism were controlled, male gender was modestly predictive of depression.
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Hackworth, Franchesca R. "The Role of Journalists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Relationship Between Journalism Roles and Media Trust". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1619618453512626.
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Langley, Dorothy Margaret. "Dramatherapy and psychodrama : towards a relationship". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288363.
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Sundkvist, Magdalena. "Love' s function in marital decisions : Materialist feminism in Jane Austen's Emma, Pride and Prejudice and Northanger Abbey". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121968.
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In Jane Austen’s Emma, Pride and Prejudice and Northanger Abbey there is a central theme of finding a marriage partner from economic, social and love perspectives. The focus of this essay is to look from a materialist feminist perspective at how these factors influence the characters’ marital matches. I have also looked at how love as a sought after ideal in marriage conceals the social and economic factors’ influence. The novels all discuss how women’s marginalized economic position forces them to marry. Social factors such as women’s need to find a husband and their expected domestic role have also had an influence. Love works in the novels to support the oppression of women by justifying marriage and concealing women’s unequal role in society.
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Erickson, Darrin Jerroll. "Relinquishing Canada's nuclear roles". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29675.
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This thesis is intended to enhance our knowledge of the processes behind the relinquishing of Canada's nuclear roles. As such, the underlying factors which helped bring about this change in Canadian defence policy are to be isolated and assessed.
The process of retiring Canada's nuclear roles was long and complex, involving many actors and influences. The factors examined in this thesis are looked upon in the greater context of the 1960s and 1970s. The global and domestic political climates, the strategic environment and Canada's power within the global community as a whole during this time period, are considered.
This study has revealed several interesting conclusions which one may draw concerning the relinquishing of Canada's nuclear roles. First of all, the Trudeau government's position on nuclear weapons coincided with growing opposition to nuclear weapons within the Canadian public. Furthermore, it is evident that public opinion on the nuclear issue was closely related to an individual's perception of the United States and his or her position on defence spending. Secondly, the process of retiring the nuclear weapon systems was led largely by Pierre Trudeau and some of his close associates, in particular Ivan Head and Donald MacDonald. This was done in the face of intense bureaucratic resistance. Thirdly, abandoning the nuclear roles was strongly related to Canada's declining position in the global community and also to the growth of detente. In addition, it was also partly the result of a rapidly changing strategic environemnt in which weapon systems were quickly made obsolete. Perhaps most importantly, this thesis shows that relinquishing Canada's nuclear roles was an extremely important part of the 1971 defence review. The issue of nuclear weapons is one which has been largely overlooked by defence and foreign policy analysts in the past, such as Thordarson as well as Granatstein and Bothwell, and therefore merits our attention.
For this thesis, telephone interviews had to be conducted because very little written material is available to the public. Regrettably, these interviews must remain confidential for the time-being. Several books, articles and public opinion surveys also were very helpful in conducting this analysis.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Torbett, Neil Edward. "Cellular roles of PKN1". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406323.
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Jöneros, Jenny, i Hugo Tinglöf. "Social roles in gaming". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20833.
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Detta arbete undersöker kommunikation och gruppdynamik inom spel. Syftet är att kunna få en bild av hur dessa påverkar spelupplevelsen. Kommunikation har i tidigare forskning visat sig ha påverkan på spelares prestation i grupper. Det finns relativt lite tidigare forskning kring gruppdynamik och hur det relaterar till kommunikation och prestation inom spel, däremot finns det en hel del om roller inom grupper och spel. Därför undersöks roller och hur olika roller påverkar gruppdynamiken. För att undersöka detta utförs fyra experiment. Fyra deltagare får spela tillsammans under en viss tid, så att man tydligt kan observera vilka roller som uppstår och senare analysera hur dessa påverkar resultaten och kommunikationen. Vi såg ett samband mellan kommunikation och gruppdynamik och hur det påverkade spelarnas prestation. Vidare har vi redovisat olika roller som dök upp och vad de önskar sig av ett spel.This paper explores communication and group dynamics in digital gaming. The purpose of doing this is to establish if there is a correlation between these and the player´s ultimate experience. Past research has shown that communication has a direct influence on the player´s performance, while in a group setting. There is relatively limited amounts of research into group dynamics and how it relates to communication and performance in games. However there is a vast amount of research that relates to roles within a multiplayer setting. Therefor experiments were performed to observe various roles and what impact they had upon the dynamic of the each group. Each group consisted of four candidates that were asked to play a game. During play they were observed and recorded for further analysis in regards to their performance, communication and ultimately what roles they all filled. We saw a connection between communication and group-dynamics and how it affected the player’s performance. Furthermore, we have presented the different roles that appeared and what they want from a game.
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Lovings, Erin. "The role of media in teacher's leadership roles and teaching practices". Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1425753.
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Loo, Kevin. "OCBs Gone Bad: The Moderating Roles of Burnout and Role Overload". Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3636.
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Previous literature has typically assumed that organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are beneficial to both employees and organizations. Researchers have begun to question this assumption. This paper seeks to identify situations when OCBs are detrimental to employees or organizations. Specifically, two variables (burnout and role overload) are hypothesized to moderate the relationship between OCBs and outcomes (job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and task performance), such that when burnout and role overload are high, negative outcomes occur. Moderated regression was used to test the hypotheses. There was little evidence for burnout as a moderator, but interactions involving role overload were significant; however, the directions of the relationships were not as hypothesized. Alternative hypotheses were tested, which provided support for the general theory that OCBs can result in negative outcomes.
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Gil, Vallejo Lara. "Exploiting verb similarity for event modelling". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668907.
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Aquest treball s'emmarca en l'àmbit del processament del llenguatge natural. Té l'objectiu d'explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal i, més concretament, de les classificacions verbals, a l'hora de capturar i modelitzar la informació bàsica relacionada amb l'expressió d'esdeveniments en espanyol. La tesi s'articula entorn de dos estudis que examinen la capacitat que té la similitud verbal de modelitzar la informació relativa als participants en esdeveniments. En primer lloc, elaborem una anàlisi de la similitud verbal amb relació a l'estructura argumental. Amb aquesta finalitat, partim de tres perspectives que tracten aquest tema: la lingüística teòrica, la lingüística de corpus i la psicolingüística, i analitzem com cadascuna defineix la similitud entre els verbs. Aquesta anàlisi ens serveix per a definir un conjunt de característiques lingüístiques i configuracions que s'apliquen en el segon estudi. Aquest estudi consisteix en la creació d'una classificació automàtica de sentits verbals amb l'ús d'un algorisme de clusterització (clustering). L'objectiu d'aquesta classificació és capturar l'estructura argumental dels verbs i reflectir-la en les classes, de tal manera que permeti modelitzar els participants en els esdeveniments expressats pels verbs. Les troballes ens permeten afirmar que la classificació verbal organitza la informació de manera que és capaç d'acomodar diferents aspectes de l'estructura argumental.Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del ámbito del procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Su objetivo es explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal y, más concretamente, de las clasificaciones verbales, a la hora de capturar y modelizar la información básica relacionada con la expresión de acontecimientos en español. La tesis se articula en torno a dos estudios que examinan la capacidad de la similitud verbal para modelizar la información relativa a los participantes en acontecimientos. En primer lugar, elaboramos un análisis de la similitud verbal con relación a la estructura argumental. Para ello tomamos tres perspectivas que tratan este tema: la lingüística teórica, lingüística de corpus y la psicolingüística, y analizamos de qué modo cada una de ellas define la similitud entre los verbos. Este análisis nos sirve para definir un conjunto de características lingüísticas y configuraciones que se aplican en el segundo estudio. Este estudio consiste en la creación de una clasificación automática de sentidos verbales usando un algoritmo de agrupamiento (clustering). El objetivo de esta clasificación es capturar la estructura argumental de los verbos y reflejarla en las clases, de tal manera que permita modelizar a los participantes en los acontecimientos expresados por los verbos. Los hallazgos nos permiten afirmar que la clasificación verbal organiza la información de manera que es capaz de acomodar diferentes aspectos de la estructura argumental.
This paper aims to explore the potential of verb similarity, and more specifically of verb classifications, when it comes to capturing and modelling basic information related to events expressed in Spanish. The research is based on two studies that examine verb similarity's ability to model event participant information. We first perform a study of verb similarity with respect to argument structure, looking at its relevant characteristics through the lens of three different perspectives: linguistic theory, corpus linguistics and psycholinguistics. Based on this analysis, we choose the features and configurations to be explored in order to create an automatic classification of verb senses using a clustering algorithm. The aim of this automatic classification is to capture the argument structure of the verbs and apply it to the classifications in a way that allows us to adequately model the participants in the events expressed by those verbs. The evaluations carried out for this verb classification confirm automatic classifications' ability to capture and infer relevant information related to participants in events.
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Raisor, Jodi Renee. "Doctor of Nursing Practice Roles in Academia". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7063.
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Over 15,000 master’s and doctoral degree students in the United States were denied admission to nursing schools in 2014 because of insufficient nursing faculty. In 2016, over 64,000 undergraduate and graduate students were unable to gain admission to nursing school due to the effects of faculty shortages. This project explored the role of the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)-prepared nurse in academic settings using a systematic review of the literature to determine the role of DNP-prepared nurses in academia. Souza’s systematic review model and Melnyk’s levels of evidence were used to guide the search, review, and the selection of scholarly articles published between 2005 to 2019. A chart of preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses chart was used to organize and select 14 articles meeting the review criteria and included in the analysis. Four themes emerged from the analysis of literature: role in academia from the dean’s and director’s perspective, DNP role as a teacher, preparation for faculty role, and leaving the faculty role. Confusion over the role of the DNP in academia was also identified as a factor affecting DNPs in academic practice settings; however, DNPprepared nurses have the clinical experience, knowledge, and skills to provide evidence-based teaching and fill the gap in practice needed in academic settings. This project may promote positive social change by raising awareness of the role of the DNP in academia to reduce the faculty shortage.
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Gershenoff, Amy Beth. "Leadership Emergence and Gender Roles: A Contextual Examination". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42663.
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Research suggests that gender role, rather than sex, is associated with the perception of individuals as leaders. The current study tests the effect of gender role on leadership emergence by using a pattern approach and manipulating task-type. 200 female undergraduate subjects, categorized based on their personality pattern of three variables (i.e., masculinity, femininity, and intelligence), were placed in groups of four members. Groups were randomly assigned to a consensus building or initiating structure task condition. Hypothesis one, which predicted that feminine-intelligent individuals would emerge more than masculine-intelligent or mixed personality pattern individuals in the consensus building task condition, was not supported. However, support was found for hypothesis two which predicted that masculine-intelligent individuals would be perceived as more leader-like than feminine-intelligent or mixed personality pattern individuals in the initiating structure task. Partial support was found for the emergence of androgynous-intelligent individuals in the consensus building task condition (hypothesis three), but full support was found for the emergence of androgynous-intelligent individuals in the initiating structure task (hypothesis four). The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.Master of Science
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Neill, Marlene S. "The role of public relations education in preparing students for managerial roles". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4916.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 2, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Motori, Elisa <1983>. "Neuroinflammation and the role of glia: relevance for neurodegenerative and neurosupportive roles". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4769/.
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Inflammation is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Among the resident population of cells in the brain, astroglia have been suggested to actively participate in the induction and regulation of neuroinflammation by controlling the secretion of local mediators. However, the initial cellular mechanisms by which astrocytes react to pro-inflammatory molecules are still unclear. Our study identified mitochondria as highly sensitive organelles that rapidly respond to inflammatory stimuli. Time-lapse video microscopy revealed that mitochondrial morphology, dynamics and motility are drastically altered upon inflammation, resulting in perinuclear clustering of mitochondria. These mitochondrial rearrangements are accompanied by an increased formation of reactive oxygen species and a recruitment of autophagic vacuoles. 24 to 48 hours after the acute inflammatory stimulus, however, the mitochondrial network is re-established. Strikingly, the recovery of a tubular mitochondrial network is abolished in astrocytes with a defective autophagic response, indicating that activation of autophagy is required to restore mitochondrial dynamics. By employing co-cultivation assays we observed that primary cortical neurons undergo degeneration in the presence of inflamed astrocytes. However, this effect was not observed when the primary neurons were grown in conditioned medium derived from inflamed astrocytes, suggesting that a direct contact between astrocytes and neurons mediates neuronal dysfunction upon inflammation. Our results suggest that astrocytes react to inflammatory stimuli by transiently rearranging their mitochondria, a process that involves the autophagic machinery.È ormai assodato che la neuro infiammazione costituisce una caratteristica comune a numerose patologie neurodegenerative. Tra le cellule gliali che mediano la risposta infiammatoria nel sistema nervoso centrale, gli astrociti rivestono un ruolo particolarmente importante in quanto, oltre a rispondere allo stimolo di molecole pro-infiammatorie esogene o prodotte dalla stessa microglia attivata, producono anche fattori di crescita e neurotrofine essenziali per la sopravvivenza della cellula neuronale. Tuttavia, i meccanismi subcellulari che mediano la prima risposta degli astrociti a stimoli pro-infiammatori non sono ben noti. I nostri dati suggeriscono che i mitocondri sono uno dei primi target a rispondere all’infiammazione. Come dimostrato da indagini di microscopia time-lapse, l’infiammazione induce alterazioni delle dinamiche e della morfologia mitocondriali, con formazione di cluster mitocondriali perinucleari. Questi fenomeni sono accompagnati da un incremento nella produzione di ROS e dall’induzione di autofagia. Tuttavia le alterazioni sopra descritte sono transienti, dal momento esse si risolvono nell’arco di 24-48h. In particolare, la rimozione dell’autofagia determina l’impossibilità da parte degli astrociti di ripristinare una corretta funzionalità mitocondriale in seguito ad infiammazione, indice del fatto che l’autofagia svolge un ruolo-chiave nel quality control dei mitocondri in questo modello. Abbiamo inoltre investigato gli effetti mediati dagli astrociti sulla vitalità neuronale in un sistema di co-culture, e abbiamo osservato che l’infiammazione induce neurotossicità: lo stesso effetto viene a mancare se si effettua l’aggiunta di mezzo condizionato da astrociti infiammati su colture pure di neuroni, suggerendo che nel nostro modello il contatto diretto tra astrociti e neuroni è fondamentale per indurre disfunzione neuronale a seguito di infiammazione. Nell’insieme, questi dati sugggeriscono che l’infiammazione induce alterazioni temporanee della funzionalità mitocondriali associate ad autofagia.
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Banga, Surinderjit. "Investigating role strain, coping and subjective well-being in combining multiple roles". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2163.
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This thesis investigates some of the salient factors involved in women's experience of combining and coping with multiple roles. A total of four studies are undertaken using both quantitative and qualitative methods to progressively focus on those factors which are identified as particularly relevant. Consequently, data is gathered using diary, interview and questionnaire methods in order to cast light upon the precise nature of the relationship between combining multiple roles, reported life satisfaction, coping and personality. In addition to identifying which particular role combinations lead to the greatest conflict, the research also clarifies the optimum number of role demands associated with reports of high life satisfaction. In so doing, the thesis provides support for the Scarcity Hypothesis as well as supplying detail about the precise nature of the role combinations associated with high and low life satisfaction. The implications of these findings for advising women on role combinations are considered. The nature of the relationship between certain key role combinations and preferred coping strategies is explored. Results suggest a relationship between certain role strains and particular coping strategies. Emotion-focused coping is preferred for inter-role conflict whereas 'superwoman' coping is more prevalent for role overload. Finally, the relationship between two major personality factors, role strain and coping, is investigated. Individuals with high scores for neuroticism are identified as expressing greater inter-role conflict, and using fewer emotion-focused coping strategies, compared with those with low scores on this scale. The implications of these findings in relation to potential social and therapeutic interventions are discussed and it is proposed that counselling and counter-conditioning might be employed to help change both cognitions and behaviour. The thesis concludes with a reflexive look at findings, issues of contention, avenues for future research, and potential practical implications.
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Cervantes, Cynthia Crystal, i Vanessa Vazquez. "Knowledge of School Resource Officer's Roles and Their Perceptions on School Social Worker's Roles". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/716.
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The study examined the perception of school resource officers (SROs) role in a school setting, the training they received prior to working in a school setting, their interaction with students, and their relationship with school administration, staff, and school social workers. Previous studies discussed SROs’ roles to be ambiguous and their primary focus of a school resource officer to maintain school safety, while other studies discussed the criminalization in schools due to the placement of law enforcement in the school settings.
The study employed a qualitative design with face-to-face interviews with seven participants who serve or have served as a SRO's in a public school, grades kindergarten through twelfth grade. The study found that SROs knew their roles very well and did not feel their role was ambiguous. The study also revealed that and that school administrators might cause issues if they did not fully understand the role and limitations of the SRO’s. Another finding of the study was that SRO’s roles do not collide with school social workers (SSWs). Based on the findings of the study, we recommend that school administrators and staff work on understanding the role of SROs to better work with the students they serve. The study findings also encourage SROs, SSWs and school administrators to work collaboratively to better serve students on campus effectively and work with better understanding each disciplines knowledge.
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Andersson, Ellen. "Är chefen en kvinna? : Högskolestudenters attityder till kvinnor som chefer". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35974.
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Forskning har länge bedrivits inom området gällande kvinnors hinder att nå högre chefspositioner. Könsroller, stereotypiska egenskaper, kategoriseringar och negativa attityder tycktes vara centrala i problematiken. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur högskolestudenter skattade sina attityder till kvinnor som chefer (n = 193, varav 124 kvinnor). En vinjettstudie med experimentell mellangruppsdesign genomfördes där materialet analyserades med tvåvägs ANOVOR för oberoende mätningar. Resultatet visade att kvinnliga högskolestudenter hade en signifikant mer positiv attityd till kvinnor som chefer jämfört med manliga högskolestudenter. Det påvisades även en signifikant skillnad i skattad attityd till kvinnor som chefer beroende på läst vinjett där kvinnliga högskolestudenter skattade kvinnor som chefer mer positivt efter att ha läst en vinjett om en kvinna som chef. Dock hade utbildning inom beteendevetenskapliga ämnen ingen signifikant inverkan på skattad attityd. Slutsatsen blev att kvinnor som chefer skattades mer positivt än förväntat, och att det tycks ha skett en attitydförändring.
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Karlsson, Nordqvist Rebekka. "Gender Roles Via Hedging in Children’s Films". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16216.
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Rees, Teresa. "The reproduction of gender segregation in the labour market". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259986.
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VanEvery, Joanne. "Anti-sexist living arrangements : a feminist research project". Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386026.
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Rosângela, David Bastos Lúcia. "Integration of system requirements and multiagent software architecture". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2121.
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Previous issue date: 2005Engenharia de Requisitos e Arquitetura de Software vêm estabelecendo áreas de pesquisa, educação e pratica dentro da comunidade de Engenharia de Software. A evolução dessas duas disciplinas vem, entretanto, ocorrendo de forma independente, o que estabelece um problema de integração entre as duas disciplinas a ser explorada. A Engenharia de Requisitos identifica o propósito de sistemas e o contexto no qual serão utilizados. Arquitetura de Software define os componentes do software, suas propriedades e seus relacionamentos. Adicionalmente, Arquitetura de Software é reconhecida por ter grande importância no atendimento dos requisitos não-funcionais, tais como: disponibilidade, confidencialidade, manutenabilidade, segurança e evolução do sistema. Há um relacionamento claro entre as duas disciplinas, apesar disso, desenvolver requisitos de sistemas dentro de arquiteturas de software que satisfaçam àqueles requisitos é ainda uma tarefa difícil, baseada principalmente na intuição. Entender e dar suporte à integração entre os conceitos de requisitos e arquiteturas é um dos principais problemas nas pesquisas da Engenharia de Software. Para reduzir estes problemas, este tese propõe técnicas para derivar um modelo arquitetural a partir de especificações de requisitos em Sistema Multi-Agentes (MAS). Esta tese propõe uma estrutura para identificar e mapear os elementos arquiteturais e as dependências entre estes elementos, usando como base os requisitos declarados no sistema e conceitos organizacionais. Nossa abordagem propõe que um Sistema Multi-Agentes (MAS) corresponde a uma estrutura organizacional na qual os atores são membros de um grupo com o propósito de atingir um objetivo. Uma organização compreende grupos, membros, objetivos, papéis e interações. A idéia básica do conceito de grupo é fornecer uma referência coletiva de um conjunto de papéis que executam, de forma colaborativa um conjunto de tarefas para atingir os seus objetivos. Um membro, quando assume um papel, não trabalha isolado, mas interage e coopera com outros papéis. Nossa abordagem é baseada em dois modelos complementares que separam os conceitos de organização e de atribuição. No modelo organizacional, os objetivos do grupo são identificados a partir do modelo de requisitos do sistema. A organização social consiste em papéis e interações. No modelo da atribuição, os papéis são agrupados em sub-grupos. Estes sub-grupos são atribuídos aos componentes, baseados em sua similaridade com cada componente arquitetural. O resultado é uma configuração arquitetural, na qual os sub-grupos são alocados nos componentes da arquitetura
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Lomurno, Maryellen. "Roles and expectations in inclusion /". Full text available online, 2005. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/home/research/articles/rowan_theses.
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Taing, Nguonly. "Run-time Variability with Roles". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234933.
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Adaptability is an intrinsic property of software systems that require adaptation to cope with dynamically changing environments. Achieving adaptability is challenging. Variability is a key solution as it enables a software system to change its behavior which corresponds to a specific need. The abstraction of variability is to manage variants, which are dynamic parts to be composed to the base system. Run-time variability realizes these variant compositions dynamically at run time to enable adaptation. Adaptation, relying on variants specified at build time, is called anticipated adaptation, which allows the system behavior to change with respect to a set of predefined execution environments. This implies the inability to solve practical problems in which the execution environment is not completely fixed and often unknown until run time. Enabling unanticipated adaptation, which allows variants to be dynamically added at run time, alleviates this inability, but it holds several implications yielding system instability such as inconsistency and run-time failures. Adaptation should be performed only when a system reaches a consistent state to avoid inconsistency. Inconsistency is an effect of adaptation happening when the system changes the state and behavior while a series of methods is still invoking. A software bug is another source of system instability. It often appears in a variant composition and is brought to the system during adaptation. The problem is even more critical for unanticipated adaptation as the system has no prior knowledge of the new variants.
This dissertation aims to achieve anticipated and unanticipated adaptation. In achieving adaptation, the issues of inconsistency and software failures, which may happen as a consequence of run-time adaptation, are evidently addressed as well. Roles encapsulate dynamic behavior used to adapt players representing the base system, which is the rationale to select roles as the software system's variants. Based on the role concept, this dissertation presents three mechanisms to comprehensively address adaptation. First, a dynamic instance binding mechanism is proposed to loosely bind players and roles. Dynamic binding of roles enables anticipated and unanticipated adaptation. Second, an object-level tranquility mechanism is proposed to avoid inconsistency by allowing a player object to adapt only when its consistent state is reached. Last, a rollback recovery mechanism is proposed as a proactive mechanism to embrace and handle failures resulting from a defective composition of variants. A checkpoint of a system configuration is created before adaptation. If a specialized bug sensor detects a failure, the system rolls back to the most recent checkpoint. These mechanisms are integrated into a role-based runtime, called LyRT.
LyRT was validated with three case studies to demonstrate the practical feasibility. This validation showed that LyRT is more advanced than the existing variability approaches with respect to adaptation due to its consistency control and failure handling. Besides, several benchmarks were set up to quantify the overhead of LyRT concerning the execution time of adaptation. The results revealed that the overhead introduced to achieve anticipated and unanticipated adaptation to be small enough for practical use in adaptive software systems. Thus, LyRT is suitable for adaptive software systems that frequently require the adaptation of large sets of objects.
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L'Epicier-Sansregret, Laurent. "The cellular roles of CUX1". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94975.
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The goal of my project was to develop cell-based assays to investigate the functions of the p110 CUX1 homeodomain transcription factor during cell cycle progression. I observed that constitutive expression of p110 CUX1 stimulates cell proliferation. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and BrdU incorporation, I demonstrated that p110 CUX1 can accelerate entry into S phase whether cells were coming out of quiescence, were allowed to resume progression through the cell cycle after synchronization at the G1/S or were simply enriched in G2/M using counter-flow centrifugal elutriation. Consistent with these observations, mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from homozygous cux1-/- mice proliferated more slowly and spent more time in G1 than wild type MEFs. I identified the cyclin E2 and cyclin A2 genes as some of the downstream targets of p110 CUX1 that mediate its stimulatory effect on the G1/S transition. Constitutive expression of p110 CUX1 in some, but not all, cell lines led to the emergence of cells with a tetraploid DNA content. Whereas the induction of tetraploidy in normal cells causes cell cycle arrest or cell death, cells expressing p110 CUX1 were able to undergo bipolar division in spite of the presence of more than two centrosomes. Using various experimental approaches, I demonstrated that p110 CUX1 contributes to the establishment of a transcriptional program that allows cells to sustain a robust spindle assembly checkpoint. Tetraploid cells eventually evolved to become aneuploid and tumorigenic. Similarly, over 80% of mammary tumor cells from CUX1 transgenic mice exhibit a near-tetraploid DNA content. I therefore propose that one mechanism by which elevated p110 CUX1 expression contributes to tumor development is through its effect on the spindle assembly checkpoint. In this manner, p110 CUX1 enables the survival of cells that harbor supernumerary chromosome and/or centrosome numbers and have the capacity to generate a large numL'objectif initial de mon projet consistait à mettre au point divers tests permettant d'étudier le rôle du facteur de transcription à homéodomaine p110 CUX1 au cours du cycle cellulaire. J'ai d'abord observé que p110 CUX1 stimule la prolifération cellulaire lorsque exprimé de façon soutenue. À partir d'analyses par cytométrie en flux et de marquages au BrdU, j'ai démontré que l'expression de p110 CUX1 suscite une accélération de l'entrée en phase S. Cet effet s'est manifesté dans trois situations : à partir de la phase de quiescence (G0), à partir d'une synchronisation en G1/S et à partir de la phase G2/M lors d'un enrichissement par centrifugation à contre-courant (élutriation). En accord avec ces résultats, les fibroblastes murins isolé à partir d'embryons Cux-/- proliférèrent plus lentement par rapport aux fibroblastes Cux+/+ à cause d'une prolongation de la phase G1. J'ai identifié les gènes cycline E2 et cycline A2 comme deux cibles transcriptionnelles de p110 CUX1 pouvant expliquer son effet sur la transition G1/S. J'ai observé qu'il se développait une sous-population tétraploïde dans certaines lignées cellulaires exprimant p110 CUX1. Alors que la tétraploïdie cause généralement un arrêt de la prolifération ou la mort cellulaire dans les cellules normales, j'ai noté que l'expression de p110 CUX1 permettait aux cellules tétraploïdes d'avoir une division bipolaire normale malgré la présence de plusieurs centrosomes. J'ai démontré que cet effet était dû à la capacité de p110 CUX1 d'induire la transcription de plusieurs gènes permettant une activation efficace et prolongée du point de contrôle mitotique. J'ai établi un lien entre l'instabilité génomique des cellules tetraploïdes exprimant p110 CUX1 et l'acquisition de caractéristiques tumorales. De plus, j'ai noté que plus de 80% des cellules de tumeurs mammaires provenant de souris transgéniques CUX1 sont quasi tétraploïdes. Je propose donc un nou
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Horn, Katherine. "Synaptic roles for developmental cues". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116906.
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The role of axon guidance cues during development has been extensively investigated. However, the expression of many of these cues, including the canonical axon guidance cue netrin-1 and its receptor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC), as well as the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (RPTPσ), remain long after development is complete, and can be detected in the adult mammalian nervous system, suggesting that these proteins may have roles beyond guidance.Here, we begin by investigating the role of the netrin-1 receptor DCC in synaptic regulation. We address the role of DCC in the arborization of neurites, which modulates the amount of synaptic connections that may be formed, and find that DCC plays a key role in netrin-1 induced neurite branching, through mechanisms that may be independent of netrin-1 induced axon outgrowth. In the mature nervous system, DCC is found to be enriched at synapses. Use of a transgenic mouse model engineered to conditionally delete DCC from forebrain neurons after axon guidance is complete shows that DCC regulates dendritic spine size, and is essential for both spatial and recognition memory. Furthermore, electrophysiologically, DCC deficient mice exhibit impaired long term potentiation (LTP), and a decrease in activated Src family kinases, which have previously been shown to have an essential role in regulating the NMDA receptors (NMDARs) to permit LTP. The impairment in LTP can be rescued through the facilitation of NMDARs by slight alterations in the extracellular recording solution, and through pharmacological activation of Src. We thus conclude that DCC regulates the induction of LTP through an established pathway that includes the activation of Src to modulate NMDAR function.RPTPσ, another cue previously implicated in axon guidance, was also found to be enriched in synaptic membranes in the mature brain. Using a transgenic mouse null for RPTPσ, we find that in the mature brain, RPTPσ restricts aberrant sprouting, regulates spine density in vitro and in vivo, affects the synaptic properties of hippocampal cells, and alters performance in a behavioural test assessing recognition memory. Together, these results suggest the presence of increased synaptic connections in RPTPσ deficient mice. Overall, we show that cues formerly implicated in axon guidance have roles beyond development, with their expression in the adult nervous system leading to synaptic regulation in the mature brain.Le rôle des protéines impliquées dans le guidage des axones durant le développement du système nerveux est bien établi. Toutefois, même après le développement, dans le système nerveux central mature, plusieurs de ces molécules sont exprimées, incluant le signal moléculaire nétrine-1, et son récepteur Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC), ainsi que le signal moléculaire Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase σ (RPTPσ), ce qui suggère que ces protéines ont des rôles qui dépassent le développement.Dans cette thèse, on explore la fonction du récepteur DCC dans la modulation synaptique. On aborde le rôle de DCC dans la ramification des extensions des neurones, ce qui a une conséquence sur la quantité de connexions synaptiques qui peuvent se former, et on établi que DCC est important pour la ramification causée par nétrine-1, en utilisant des mécanismes qui peuvent être indépendants de l'extension des axones. Dans le système nerveux central mature, DCC est enrichi aux synapses. En utilisant des souris transgéniques pour lesquelles DCC est supprimé des neurones du prosencéphale une fois le guidage des axones complété, on démontre que DCC contrôle la taille des épines sur les dendrites et qu'il est requis pour la mémoire spatiale et la mémoire de la reconnaisance. En effet, nos études d'électrophysiologie montrent que les souris déficientes en DCC ont de la difficulté à former la potentialisation à long terme (PLT). Elles ont aussi une baisse dans l'activation des kinases de la famille Src, ce qui coïncide avec l'implication connue de ces kinases dans la régulation des récepteurs NMDA (NMDARs) pour permettre la PLT. La déficience en PLT peut être récupérée par la facilitation des NMDARs suite à des modifications mineures de la solution extracellulaire utilisée lors de l'enregistrement de données, ou par l'activation pharmacologique de Src. Donc, on conclut que DCC contrôle l'induction de PLT par un mécanisme établi qui inclut l'activation de Src pour moduler la fonction de NMDAR.RPTPσ, un autre signal moléculaire impliqué dans le développement, a aussi été trouvé enrichi dans les membranes synaptiques du cerveau adulte. En utilisant des souris transgéniques qui n'expriment pas RPTPσ, on découvre que dans le cerveau mature, RPTPσ restreint les germes aberrants des axones, réglemente la densité des épines in vitro et in vivo, influence les propriétés synaptiques des cellules de l'hippocampe, et modifie la performance des souris dans les épreuves de comportement qui évaluent la mémoire de la reconnaissance. Ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent qu'il y a une augmentation des connexions synaptiques dans les souris déficientes en RPTPσ.En conclusion, on démontre que les protéines impliquées dans le guidage des axones pendant le développement ont des fonctions au-delà du développement, et que leurs expressions dans le système nerveux central mature contrôle la régulation synaptique dans le cerveau adulte.
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周凱詩 i Hoi-sze Elsie Chow. "Globalisation and poverty: planners' roles". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260779.
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Vandegrift, Andrew. "Ecological Roles of Fungal Endophytes". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20401.
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Endophytic fungi live within tissues of plant hosts without causing symptoms of disease. These fungi are broadly split into the taxonomically and ecologically cohesive Clavicipitaceous endophytes, which infect grasses, and the taxonomically diverse non-Clavicipitaceous endophytes, which are found in nearly all plants and have diverse ecological strategies. My dissertation has two sections: Section A investigates the intersection of Clavicipitaceous endophyte ecology with other ecological theory, including invasion ecology (Chapter II) and community ecology and climate change (Chapter III); Section B investigates the ecology of one group of non-Clavicipitaceous endophytes, the Xylariaceae, using a culture-based study in Ecuador (Chapter IV) and a next-generation sequencing based endophyte survey in Taiwan (Chapter V). Section B is centered on testing the Foraging Ascomycete (FA) hypothesis—the idea that some decomposer fungi may adapt an endophytic lifestyle to escape limitations in primary substrate in both time and space.
In Chapter II, I utilized a host-specific Epichloë endophyte present ubiquitously in the European native range of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) invasive grass Brachypodium sylvaticum to test theories of invasion. In Chapter III, I examined the grass Agrostis capillaris in the context of a climate manipulation experiment in prairies in the PNW to elucidate patterns of interaction between multiple symbionts (Epichloë endophytes, dark septate root endophytes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) within single hosts across climatic variation.
In Chapter IV, I began to test the FA hypothesis by examining spatial relationships of Xylaria endophytic fungi in the forest canopy with Xylaria decomposer fungi on the forest floor in a remote Ecuadorian cloud forest. In Chapter V, I build on the results from the previous study, using a novel technique to examine spatial ecology of the Xylariaceae, pairing traditional mycological collection with the preparation of a next-generation sequencing metabarcode library of endophytes over a much greater area.
This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished coauthored material.
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Gamba, Mauro Iván, Nicolás Sebastián Martínez, María Daniela Rodríguez i José Mauricio Rojas. "Liderazgo, nuevos roles y hábitos". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2012. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/5225.
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Este trabajo de investigación aborda el tema liderazgo, definido como
una condición humana, básica y universal.
Surge como consecuencia del proceso de socialización de las
personas que se agrupan en organizaciones con el fin de satisfacer sus necesidades y lograr sus objetivos; para lo que necesitan sistematizar sus funciones, coordinarlas y delegar en los distintos miembros del grupo.
Es allí entonces donde se hace imprescindible la participación del líder, aquel que por una
serie de cualidades propias tales como carisma, organización, motivación, alta autoestima, comunicación asertiva, etc., y otras adquiridas a través de
su compromiso y trabajo personal,
influye notoriamente en el resto del grupo, para lograr que todos se esfuercen en conseguir las metas propuestas, en un ambiente de plena satisfacción.
A lo largo del trabajo se describen además , las condiciones que favorecen el origen de los
líderes, los requisitos esenciales o características necesarias para ser un buen líder, los distintos estilos o tipos de liderazgo que existen y los componentes, también se hace una descripción del liderazgo en la actualidad, para finalmente describir un modelo que se denomina “Gestión por 8 hábitos", que explica justamente cuales son los nuevos roles y hábitos a los que los líderes actuales deben adaptarse.Fil: Gamba, Mauro Iván. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Martínez, Nicolás Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Rodríguez, María Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Rojas, José Mauricio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
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Tobin, Joseph W. "Church-communion: Roles in relationship". The Church in the 21st Century Center at Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103965.
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Each Christian by order of baptism has a personal vocation and a particular role in the Church that is realized through an intentional inter-relationship of communion. Pope Francis beautifully articulated that "unity brought by the Spirit can harmonize every diversity." Archbishop Joseph Tobin explores a vision for Church-communion in the 21st century that aims to transcend the frequent and intense challenges of polemical and ideological polarization
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Shamon, Martin. "Roles in a mentoring relationship". Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49956.
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Griffin, Roger J. "Novel biological roles for pyrimidines". Thesis, Aston University, 1986. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12540/.
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The development of classical and lipophilic inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) as antitumour agents is reviewed and the advantages and problems associated with each class are discussed. The antitumour activity, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of m-azido-pyrimethamine (MZP), a novel lipophilic inhibitor, are considered and compared with metoprine, the prototype lipophilic antifolate. Evidence for a folate-independent target for lipophilic DHFR inhibitors is presented. Synthetic studies centred on three principal objectives. Firstly a series of structural analogues of MZP were prepared encompassing alkoxy, chloro and alkylamino substituents and evaluated, as the ethanesulphonate salts, for activity against mammalian DHFR. Inhibitory constant (KI) determinations were conducted by a Zone B analysis, the corresponding 4'-azido isomer of MZP proving more potent than the parent compound. Secondly, to facilitate metabolism and stability studies on MZP, a range of possible reference compounds were synthesised and characterised. Finally, a series of diaminopyrimidine derivatives were synthesised embracing structural features incompatible with DHFR inhibitory activity, in order that such compounds may serve as biochemical probes for the unidentified folate-independent target for lipophilic diaminopyrimidines discussed previously. Inactivity against DHFR was achieved via introduction of an ionic or basic group into a normally hydrophobic region of the molecule and compounds were screened against a mammalian DHFR and thymidylate synthase to confirm the abolition of activity. Several derivatives surprisingly proved potent inhibitors of DHFR exhibiting KI values comparable to that of methotrexate. Analogues were screened for antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo against murine leukaemia cell lines in order to identify potential lead compounds. Several derivatives virtually inactive against DHFR exhibited a disparate cytotoxicity and further biochemical studies are warranted. The nobreak hitherto unreported debenzylation of 2,4-diamino-5-(N-alkyl-benzylaminophenyl) pyrimidines was discovered during the course of the synthetic studies, treatment of these compounds with nitrous acid affording the corresponding benzotriazoles.
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Chow, Hoi-sze Elsie. "Globalisation and poverty : planners' roles /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25247761.
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