Rozprawy doktorskie: „Rodents”

1

Jadab, Kumar BISWAS. "Variation and Variability of Skull Morphology in Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia)". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253115.

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2

Beckwith, Catherine S. "Helicobacters of rodents /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9999271.

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3

Gauthier, Remi. "A method of quantifying variations in runway utilization by five species of rodents /". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65451.

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4

Higgins, William J. "Do delay signals modulate the effect of d-amphetamine on "self-control" choice?" View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/r3/higginsw/williamhiggins.pdf.

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5

Hasnie, Fauzia Shams. "Zoster-associated pain in rodents". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12042.

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6

Webb, Cheryl Lynn. "Aspects of the control of breathing in the golden-mantled ground squirrel". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26662.

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Spermophilus lateralis, the golden-mantled ground squirrel, while euthermic exhibits a strong hypoxic ventilatory response, but a relatively blunted hypercapnic ventilatory response similar to other semi-fossorial mammals. Under resting conditions, carotid body chemoreceptors provide a tonic excitatory input to the frequency component of ventilation. Carotid body denervation (CBX) results in a 40% decrease in minute ventilation (V). The overall ventilatory response to hypoxia is unaffected by CBX, although the ventilatory threshold is significantly shifted to lower levels of inspired O₂. CBX also has little effect on the overall response to hypercapnia. Thus, in S. lateralis, it appears that changes in the partial pressure of O₂ (P0₂) In the blood act centrally, rather than peripherally, to play a predominate role in ventilatory control. Chronic exposure to hypoxia and hypercapnia (CHH, 17% O₂ and 4% CO₂) does not result in overall ventilatory acclimation, with minute ventilation being similar to control squirrels acutely exposed to hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions. In spite of this, CHH exposure does result in adjustments to respiration; frequency is decreased and tidal volume is elevated compared to control squirrels acutely exposed to CHH conditions. Overall V sensitivities to both hypoxia and hypercapnia are not significantly altered by CHH exposure. It appears that acclimation to chronic hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions in S. lateralis may increase alveolar minute ventilation relative to total minute ventilation and thus minimize the changes in arterial PO₂ and Pco₂ during hypoxic and hypercapnic exposure. During entrance into hibernation, as metabolic rate and body temperature decline, concomitant decreases in ventilation occur. Two patterns of respiration occur during deep hibernation; a burst breathing pattern characterized by long non-ventilatory periods (Tnvp) separated by bursts of several breaths and a single breath pattern characterized by single breaths separated by a relatively short Tnvp. In S. lateralis during hibernation at body temperatures between 6° and 10°C, a burst breathing pattern prevails. At slightly lower body temperatures, less than 4°C, a single breath breathing pattern prevails. Both burst breathing and single breath breathing squirrels have similar overall levels of resting minute ventilation. Burst breathing squirrels exhibit a significant respiratory response to hypoxia (3% O₂) and when the decreases in metabolic rate during hibernation are taken into account (air convection requirement) their hypoxic sensitivity is similar to that in awake S. lateralis. In contrast, single breath breathing squirrels do not respond to hypoxia at any level tested (down to 3% O₂). Both burst breathing and single breath breathing squirrels show large ventilatory repsonses to hypercapnia. In the burst breathing state hypercapnic sensitivity is significantly higher compared to the single breath breathing state, due to an augmented frequency response during burst breathing. In both groups of hibernating squirrels ventilation is increased during hypercapnia solely by decreases in the nonventilatory period. When ventilation is standardized for the decreases in metabolic rate during hibernation both burst breathing and single breath breathing S. laterlis exhibit a much higher hypercapnic sensitivity than that seen in awake S. lateralis. Carotid body denervation has little effect on ventilatory pattern generation or ventilatory sensitivities to hypoxia and hypercapnia in hibernating squirrels. It appears that during hibernation in S. lateralis, ventilation is controlled primarily by changes in the partial pressure of CO₂ (Pc0₂) in tne blood acting centrally to stimulate ventilation. The burst breathing pattern is produced centrally, as are the respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Thus, central mechanisms involved with ventilatory control are extremely important in both the euthermic state and the hibernating state, but the chemical stimuli regulating ventilation appear to be fundamentally different in euthermic and hibernating S. lateralis.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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7

Huhndorf, Michael H. Loew Sabine Susanne. "Phylogeography and molecular phylogenetics of East African rodents assessing the role of vicariance /". Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1432808091&SrchMode=2&sid=7&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1216229896&clientId=43838.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.
Title from title page screen, viewed on July 16, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Sabine S. Loew (chair), Angelo P. Capparella, William L. Perry, John M. Bates, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-99) and abstract. Also available in print.

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8

Kawalika, Mathias. "Rodents of Ndola (Copperbelt Province, Zambia)". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975050680.

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9

Wells, C. "Studies on Necator americanus in rodents". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233489.

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10

Robinson, M. "Immunity to Nematospiroides dubius in rodents". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355422.

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11

Calcutt, N. A. "Peripheral nerve dysfunction in diabetic rodents". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384339.

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12

Owen, Stuart. "Histaminergic involvement in nociception in rodents". Thesis, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264983.

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13

Taylor, Kathryn. "Immunobiology of Hymenolepis spp. in rodents". Thesis, Keele University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314606.

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14

Brouard, Marc. "The dynamics of wild woodland rodents". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c66f4d79-c803-41ad-bbd6-be99bf86ea53.

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This thesis investigates the variation of life history traits within species, how they underpin population dynamics in woodland rodent populations and how they are effected by interactions between species. We ask how do life history traits differ between populations of the same species in similar habitats? We then go on to ask how two different species living in sympatry differ and the possible effects of interactions. We used data collected against three populations of Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) in Canada and two species of woodland rodents from a site in the UK. Integral Projection Models or IPMs were used to compare the three populations of Columbain ground squirrels and identify differences between them. By using a form of perturbation analysis on the IPMs it was possible to identify the driving demographic and trait transition functions for the differences between the three populations. We then looked at interactions between wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) in the UK, and the possible effect on trapping bias. As data was limited for the two UK species, we could not construct a full IPM, but instead looked at the differences in growth rates of both species to determine what was the most important factors. Comparing the population level estimates from the IPMs for the Columbian ground squirrels, revealed significant differences between the populations. In particular the populations differed in growth rate (λ), generation length and R₀. Perturbation analysis of the three IPMs revealed the adult survival function to be the major contributor to the differences between the three population. The inheritance function also had a large impact on the offspring estimates. For the two UK rodent species we found a large impact on the trapping bias due to interactions between the two species. With a significant increase in the chance of the same species being caught within a trap as previously caught. When analysing growth rates, we found that environmental factors only impacted growth for some groups, and we suggest that this may be due to the mitigation by the woodland of impacts of the environmental conditions. We did find that the density of a third species, the yellow necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), did have a large negative impact on growth rates on the other two species. In summary species population dynamics can very considerably between populations, even when the populations exist in potentially similar habitats. It is also possible for species living in sympatry to also have an impact on each other's population dynamics. Extreme care should then be taken when making comparisons between species based solely on single population data.

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15

Wang, Chuanmin. "Studies of allograft tolerance in rodents". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27722.

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Allograft rejection is still the main obstacle to successful treatment of patients with end—stage organ failure by organ transplantation. Both tolerance and rejection of allografts are complicated responses of the host immune system to foreign antigens. It is almost 50 years since Billingham, Brent, and Medawar first described the phenomenon of neonatal tolerance to skin allografts in a murine model. Tolerance to vascularised organ allografts was subsequently described in pig, rodent, and primate models. Knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which tolerance is induced and maintained has increased dramatically over recent years, but the ultimate understanding of the mechanism of allograft tolerance remains elusive. The aim of this thesis, based on rodent organ transplant models, is towards a better understanding of the mechanism of allograft tolerance induction and maintenance. The first part of the allograft tolerance study in rats is described in chapter 4. Here, liver transplants’protect subsequent pancreatic grafts from the same donor strain from rejection and also reverse ongoing pancreas graft rejection, with subsequent pancreas acceptance. In this study, liver transplants from PVG (RT1 ) to DA (RT1a) strains were accepted spontaneously with a median survival time (MST) greater than 120 days without evidence of graft rejection, while pancreas grafts in the same strain combination were rejected promptly with MST of 9 days. Liver transplantation followed by pancreas transplantation at 4 weeks resulted in protection of all pancreas grafts from rejection with survival greater than 120 days in all except two animals which died of liver graft rejection on days 56 and 67 with normal pancreas graft function. Pancreas transplantation followed by liver transplantation on days 2, 4, and 6 showed that the liver grafts reverse ongoing pancreas graft rejection, with subsequent pancreas acceptance in all transplants at the 2- and 4-day intervals and in 3 out of 5 transplants at the 6-day interval. In the group where pancreas transplant was followed by liver transplant on day 4 two animals died of liver graft rejection on days 75 and 84 and one animal died of liver graft rejection on day 20 in the group where pancreas transplant was followed by liver transplant on day 6; in all animals dying with liver rejection the pancreas graft function remained intact. These two experiments suggest that either prior or subsequent stimulus by donor antigens is capable of triggering a rejection response against an otherwise spontaneously accepted liver graft — a stimulus that is not effective when applied concurrently with the liver graft.

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16

Lamb, Caroline Elizabeth. "The influence of maternal protein intake on aspects of sex-specific foetal and neonatal development in Mastomys Natalensis". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12062006-122829.

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17

Miller, Rachel Weslie Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Rattus tanezumi in the upland rice terraces of Banaue, Philippines: demography, habitat use, crop damage and yield assessment". Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38038.

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Rodents cause significant damage to agricultural crops throughout the world, including rice, the staple food for the increasing population of Southeast Asia. Little is known about the ecology of pest rodent species, resulting in much effort being concentrated on ineffective, time consuming control practices. This research was designed to understand the demography and habitat use of the major pest rodent (Rattus tanezumi) of the Banaue rice terraces in order to identify the most efficient time and location to undertake pest control. Rodent crop damage and associated yield loss was also assessed in order to provide information for a cost : benefit analysis of rodent control practices. And the beliefs, perceptions and practices of Banaue rice farmers were investigated to assist in identifying future compatible rodent control programs. Replicated cage trapping was undertaken for a twelve month period over the entire rice cropping season in two study sites in the Municipality of Banaue Philippines. The breeding season of R. tanezumi corresponded with periods of food availability from the transplanted to ripening stages of the rice crop. A non-breeding season occurred from the fallow to seedling stages. The distinct breeding season occurred within the rice fields and adjacent village and scrub habitats. Radio-tracked and spool-and-line tracked R. tanezumi moved from adjacent habitats into the rice field during the breeding season, and individuals persisted in all habitat types, including the rice field, during the fallow, nonbreeding season. Overall rice yield was significantly greater (43%) in areas where rodents were excluded by fencing compared to areas where rodents were not excluded. More rodent damage to rice tillers occurred at the booting than at the ripening stage of the rice crop. These results suggest that to prevent rodent damage, control should be undertaken at the end of the R. tanezumi non-breeding season (prior to transplanting), before rodent numbers multiply and crop damage occurs. Further, the cost-benefit analysis of non-chemical rodent control programs in Banaue, suggests that benefits accrue once yield loss is likely to exceed 5%.

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18

Thelander, Jenny. "Neural Mechanisms Underlying Self-Localization in Rodents". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11339.

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The ability to self-localize and navigate in both stable and changing environments is crucial for the survival of many species. Research conducted on the non-human mammalian hippocampus and surrounding brain structures has uncovered several classes of spatial related cells. These cells provide the rest of the brain with knowledge of the animal’s location and direction—knowledge that is subsequently used in spatial navigation. This thesis provides an overview of three types of cells underlying this ability in rodents. First, place cells located in the hippocampus encode the animal’s specific location in the environment. Second, head direction cells found throughout the Papez circuit convey the angular direction of the animal’s head. Last, grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex generate a regular triangular grid spanning the entire explored setting. The focus of this review lies on the most salient features of these types of cells. It is also considered how the cells respond to manipulations of external and internal information, as well as how different lesions affect their activity.

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19

Boström, Müssener Åsa. "Cytokine regulation in rodents with experimental arthritis /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-2862-2.

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20

Appleford, Joanne Mary. "Mechanisms of non-visual phototransduction in rodents". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413663.

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21

Wood, Matthew John Andrew. "Immunological aspects of neural transplantation in rodents". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333298.

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22

Shipton, Deborah. "Autoimmune disease in rodents : control and specificity". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326005.

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23

Chan, Po-yee, i 陳寶儀. "Hantavirus in street rodents in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206508.

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Hantavirus infection has been a notifiable disease since 2008in Hong Kong. A total of 44 cases were reported from 1995 to 2013. Rodents are the major hosts of pathogenic hantaviruses. However, the epidemiology data about hantavirus infection in rodents is not known. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents and strains of hantaviruses prevailing in Hong Kong. A total of 502 street rodents were collected from various districts between October 2008 and July 2013 and the majority was Rattus norvegicus. Spleen and kidney tissues were extracted to perform RT-PCR. Among 1004 tissue samples, hantaviruses were detected in 15 samples (1.49%) from 11 rodents (2.19%). The hantavirus positive rodents were widely distributed in Hong Kong in which most cases were found from Yuen Long and Wong Tai Sin. Hantavirus infection cases were mainly reported in early-spring and summer. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial nucleocapsid protein gene of the positive rodent sequences revealed that all of them belonged to Seoul virus (SEOV). Three strains of SEOV which were genetically close to strains in China, Indonesia and Vietnam, were identified.
published_or_final_version
Microbiology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences

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24

Fullerton, Darrin. "Temporal patterns of vocalizations in young rodents". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326449.

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25

Ambrose, Neil. "Refinement of routine procedures on laboratory rodents". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.645967.

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Refinements were devised for husbandry systems and routine experimental techniques with each tested against current best practice. Hand picking of male mice for experimental group formation was found not to be random. A random number generator provided a more consistent dispersion of dominant males throughout groups. Environmental enrichment reduced aggressive interactions between male mice, suggesting that these animals can be group housed with a reduced risk of injury. The addition of oxygen to euthanasia mixtures of carbon dioxide was found to cause lung haemorrhage in mice, suggesting this refinement is not appropriate when killing mice. The adverse effects of sodium pentobarbitone killing of mice and rats were found to be reversible when lignocaine hydrochloride was added to the euthanasia mixture. Administering acetyl-promazine on completion of surgery eliminated post-operative disturbance following ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia of rats. Rats showed a clear preference for a darkened environment during recovery from anaesthesia but only preferred 'warmed environments if they had become hypothermic while anaesthetised. Transponder chips were shown to otfer no welfare benefits over rectal probes for determining rat body-temperature. Warming or chilling the injectate reduced injection pain. A novel temperature datalogger was tested and found have potential for use in laboratory animal welfare science.

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26

Chick, Jennifer M. H. "Middle Miocene Rodents from Quebrada Honda, Bolivia". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1231958358.

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27

Olsen, Aaron L. "Pathophysiology of Abroviral Encephalitides in Laboratory Rodents". DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/123.

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Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) is an arboviral pathogen naturally found in North America. The primary disease phenotype associated with WEEV infection in susceptible hosts is a relatively long prodromal period followed by viral encephalitis. By contrast, in the current work, experimental inoculation of WEEV into the peritoneum of Syrian golden hamsters produced rapid death within approximately 96 h. It was determined that direct virus killing of lymphoid cells leads to death in WEEV-infected Syrian golden hamsters, and that inflammatory cytokines have the potential to enhance virus-induced lymphoid cell destruction. It was further concluded that WEEV retains its ability to cause encephalitis in Syrian golden hamsters, if hamsters survive the early stages of virus infection or if virus is introduced directly into the CNS. Death in WEEV-infected hamsters is associated with lymphonecrotic lesions in the absence of pathological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Few clinical parameters were altered by WEEV infection, with the exception of circulating lymphocyte numbers. Circulating lymphocyte numbers decreased dramatically during WEEV infection, and lymphopenia was identified as a consistent indicator of eventual death. Virus infection also increased serum concentrations of the cytokines interferon and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Hamster peritoneal macrophages exposed to WEEV expressed TNF-alpha in a dose-responsive manner. Macrophage expression of TNF-alpha could be significantly inhibited by treatment of cells with anti-inflammatory agents flunixin meglumine (FM) or dexamethasone (Dex). Anti-inflammatory treatment also protected macrophages from cytotoxicity associated with exposure to WEEV. Treatment of WEEV-infected hamsters with either FM or Dex significantly improved survival compared to placebo-treated controls. WEEV induced cytotoxicity in hamster splenocytes exposed to WEEV in a virus dose-responsive manner. Supernatant from WEEV-exposed macrophages significantly enhanced WEEV killing of splenocytes. Hamsters that survived the early stages of WEEV infection occasionally developed signs of neurological disease and died approximately 6 to 9 d after virus inoculation. These animals had histopathological lesions in the CNS consistent with alphavirus-induced encephalitis. Inoculation of WEEV directly into the CNS caused apparent encephalitic disease. Death following CNS inoculation of WEEV was rapid and concurrent with histopathological lesions in the CNS similar to lesions seen in encephalitic hamsters following peripheral inoculation.

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28

Simmons, Joe H. "Rat respiratory virus (RRV) and other novel rodent diseases /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025651.

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29

Glennie, Linda Cuffableness. "Space use in a population of least chipmunks in the Southwest Yukon". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27929.

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This thesis describes an investigation of space use in least chipmunks at Kluane Lake, in the southwest Yukon. I examined demography, home range and habitat use patterns in the population. Based on live-trapping data from two grids over two summers, mean number of animals on the study area was 22.6/grid, similar to chipmunk numbers measured there over the previous four years. The population was lower than is generally found in the same species further south, although year-to-year stability was typical. Chipmunks preferred open forest and shrub-land to closed-canopy forest, which is also typical of the genus. Home range sizes measured using telemetry averaged 4.86 ha, higher than in any previously published study of the genus. I examined the relationship between social spacing and space use. Home range overlap averaged 93.4%; chipmunks do not appear to defend exclusive core areas. Provoked interactions among neighbours suggested that social dominance was based on age, weight, and breeding condition, rather than ownership of space. Although provoked interactions were generally aggressive, the telemetry data suggest that such behaviour was artifactual. Comparing the encounter frequency of radio-collared animals to that generated by a random model showed that chipmunks avoided encounters, except when harvesting seasonally abundant food. Grid-trapping did not increase food or cover availability enough to affect home range size. There was evidence that the presence of traps affected use distribution but not enough to invalidate trap-based home range estimates. Comparison of trap and telemetry based estimates of home range size yielded no significant differences.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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30

Cui, Guang-Lin. "Functional Aspects of the ECL Cell in Rodents". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-999.

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Gastric acid plays an important role in digesting food (especially proteins), iron absorption, and destroying swallowed micro-organism. N⁴ is secreted by the oxyntic parietal cells. Its secretion is regulated by endocrine, neurocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Gastrin released from the antral G cell is the principal physiological stimulus of gastric acid secretion. The ECL cell is accepted as the source of histamine participating in the regulation o f acid secretion and is functionally and trophically controlled by gastrin. Amidated gastrin is the main biologically active form of gastrin, and its main precursor Gly-G-17 was formerly thought to be without any biological activity. However, recent studies raised the possibility of both secretory and trophic effects of Gly-gastrin. No Glt-G-17 receptor has been cloned yet. In paper I, the effect of this peptide on gastric acid secretion was examined in the totally isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach. This study clearly demonstrates that the administration of Gly-G-17 in high doses was followed by an increase in histamine release and gastric acid output. Moreover, Gly-G-17 induced gastric acid secretion was completely inhibited by the H₂ receptor antagonist ranitidine. Thus, the natural interpretation of these data is that Gly-G-17 is a weak gastrin agonist, interacting with the CCK-2 receptor on the ECL cell, resulting in a subsequent release of histamine, which in turn stimulates the parietal cell. The stomach is also regulated by nerves, principally by the vagal nerves. The gastric neurons contain various neuropeptides, some of them, such ad PACAP are known to influence gastric acid secretion. In paper II, PACAP was studied with respect to the effect on gastric acid secretion using totally isolated vascularly perfused rat stomachs, chronic fistula rats and isolated parietal cells. The results show that its stimulatory effects on gastric acid secretion is mainly due to an increase in histamine release from the ECL cell. PACAP is a powerful stimulator of histamine release from the ECL cell.

As mentioned above, aside from its stimulatory effect on gastric acid secretion, gastrin also has a trophic effect on the oxyntic mucosa, especially on the ECL cell. A definite connection has been found between hypergastrinemia and gastric carcinoids both in rats and humans. Moreover, some of the gastric adenocarcinomas in rodents with hypergastrinemia have been reclassified as ECLomas. However, spontaneous gastric ECL omas in laboratory animals are extremely rare. Japanese cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) have a very high incidence of gastric carcinomas occurring predominately in females, and which we previously showed, were associated with achlorhydria and hypergastrinemia. In paper III, the gastric carcinomas in cotton rats are described further. Particularly the oxyntic mucosa outside the tumour is shown to contain normal parietal cells indicating a normal ability to produce acid.

Long-term potent inhibitors of acid secretion resulting in secondary hypergastrinemia will induce ECL cell hyperplasia and probably carcinoids. Accordingly, the induction of ECL-cell hyperplasia and carcinoids remains a topic of considerable concern, especially in young individuals. Furthermore, the stomach is important for the absorption of calcium. Achlorhydria has been described as causing impairment of calcium absorption. Thus, a mechanism related to gastric acid secretion has been postulated to be involved in osteopenia developing in patients after gastric resection. More specifically, a postulated peptide, gastrocalcin, has been hypothesised to exist in the ECL cell. We therefore examined the effect of long-term hypergastrinemia secondary to drug induced hypoacidity with respect to bone developing in young male rats (paper IV). Long-term potent acid inhibition evoked a marked increase in plasma gastrin levels, leading to enlargement of oxyntic mucosa with ECL cell hyperplasia. However, body weight and bone mineral density were reduced in the hypergastrinemic young male rats. These findings do not support the hypothesis that the ECL cell plays a role in bone metabolism.

Finally, anaesthetized animal models have been widely used to study gastric acid secretion. However, anaesthetic agents also affect acid output. Anaesthetic agents naturally reduce acid secretion by interaction with neural activity, but could also play a role by affecting the function of the different cells taking part in the regulatory chain of acid secretion as well as the parietal cell itself. In paper V, the totally isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach was used to study the effect of anaesthetic agents on the ECL cell and the parietal cell functions. The results indicate that anaesthetic agents can also affect gastric acid secretion through a direct inhibitory action on parietal cells and ECL cells.

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31

Colello, Raymond J. "The development of the retinofugal pathway in rodents". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253313.

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32

Song, H. "Molecular analysis of genotoxin induced mutations in rodents". Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639088.

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The Restriction Site Mutation (RSM) assay was employed to study p53 gene mutations induced in vivo by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), cyclophosphamide (CP), and in vitro by 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). The effectiveness of the RSM assay was further confirmed by detecting 193 mutant sites in liver, kidney, lung, and testis of animals treated in vivo, as well as in mammalian cell culture treated in vitro. Rare spontaneous germline mutations were for the first time detected by the RSM assay. This further emphasizes the sensitivity of the RSM assay. These results imply that the RSM can be used in germline mutagenesis study providing data not currently available. Relatively, more mutations were detected in intron regions than in exon regions of the p53 gene. Mutation strand specificities, neighbouring base influences and mutation persistence were demonstrated and analysed in this study. A new method to quantify RSM products was developed in this study, which applied an external dilution series of genomic DNA. Mutation frequency was calculated at each of the restriction sites studied. This can be used to compare mutability between different gene regions and in different species. The RSM assay was also employed to compare the mutability of an endogenous p53 gene and inserted transgenic LacZ gene in transgenic Muta^TMmouse. The results obtained implied that the p53 gene was perhaps more susceptible to the mutagen ENU than that of LacZ gene in Muta^TMmouse testes. If so, the integrated LacZ gene might not be necessarily representative of endogenous mutation targets of environmental carcinogens.

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33

Aspley, Sue. "Biochemical and behavioural indices of cognition in rodents". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335306.

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34

Ramm, Steven Andrew. "Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in rodents". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436259.

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35

Sommers, Pacifica, i Peter Chesson. "Caching rodents disproportionately disperse seed beneath invasive grass". WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622459.

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Seed dispersal by caching rodents is a context-dependent mutualism in many systems. Plants benefit when seed remaining in shallow caches germinates before being eaten, often gaining protection from beetles and a favorable microsite in the process. Caching in highly unfavorable microsites, conversely, could undermine the dispersal benefit for the plant. Plant invasions could disrupt dispersal benefits of seed caching by attracting rodents to the protection of a dense invasive canopy which inhibits the establishment of native seedlings beneath it. To determine whether rodents disproportionately cache seed under the dense canopy of an invasive grass in southeastern Arizona, we used nontoxic fluorescent powder and ultraviolet light to locate caches of seed offered to rodents in the field. We fitted a general habitat-use model, which showed that disproportionate use of plant cover by caching rodents (principally Chaetodipus spp.) increased with moonlight. Across all moon phases, when rodents cached under plants, they cached under the invasive grass disproportionately to its relative cover. A greenhouse experiment showed that proximity to the invasive grass reduced the growth and survival of seedlings of a common native tree (Parkinsonia microphylla) whose seeds are dispersed by caching rodents. Biased dispersal of native seed to the base of an invasive grass could magnify the competitive effect of this grass on native plants, further reducing their recruitment and magnifying the effect of the invasion.

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36

Russell, Alison L. "Regulation of multidrug resistant gene expression in rodents". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20163.

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P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a member of a family of energy-dependenttransport proteins. The expression of P-gp isoforms in different tissues has been previously examined, but the physiological functions of the genes have not yet been established. Three gene isoforms have been found in rodents. These appear to be functionally distinct and only two of them are related to the multidrug resistance (mdr) phenotype displayed by tumour cells refactory to chemotherapy. Gene specific probes for each mouse isoform have allowed an analysis of mdr gene expression in normal mouse tissues. The major mdr mRNA species expressed in mouse liver is a 4.5 kb transcript encoding mdr 2. The function and factors regulating expression of this gene are unknown. Mdr 1 and mdr 3 are also expressed in mouse liver, but at lower levels. The exogenous and endogenous factors controlling the expression of mdr 1, 2 and 3 mRNA in mouse liver were examined. The regulation of mdr genes in rat liver by xenobiotics, including cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) inducers, was also studied. The hepatotoxins 2-acetylaminofluorene, aflatoxin B₁ and diethylnitrosamine induced rat hepatic mdr gene expression. Diethylnitrosamine also induced hepatic and renal mdr 1 expression in the mouse. The compound, 1,4-bis[2-(3-dichlorpyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) caused a suppression of hepatic mdr 2 and mdr 3 levels in mouse whilst inducing cytochrome P450 levels to a high extent. Long-term suppression of mdr 2 levels was also demonstrated. The anti-cancer drugs vincristine and etoposide, as well as the phenolic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole, known to elevate GST levels, induced mdr 2 gene expression in the mouse. Using hypophysectomised animals, it was shown that the pituitary regulates the expression of both mdr 2 and mdr 3 in mouse liver. Animal models, in which specific pituitary hormones were ablated, demonstrated that neither growth hormone nor thyroid hormone depletion reduces the expression of mdr 2. Elevation or depletion of hormones produced by the adrenal gland, using chemical treatment, also did not affect mdr 2 gene expression. The regulation of mdr 2 and 3 gene expression by the pituitary appears to be complex and may involve more than one hormone. Using a cell culture model, it was demonstrated that non-metabolisedcarcinogens do not compete with known substrates for transport across the plasma membrane. All these findings are important in elucidating the normal function and regulation of mdr genes in rodents.

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37

Nadkarni, Nachiket Abhay. "MRI studies of appetite centre function in rodents". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5374.

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Many different regions of the brain are involved in appetite control. A full understanding of their function and interaction requires studying neuronal activity at high resolution simultaneously in space and time. Two Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods can potentially achieve this goal. Manganese-Enhanced (MEMRI) uses the accumulation of administered Mn[2+], which is paramagnetic (hence MRI visible) and taken up by active neurons through voltage-gated Ca[2+] channels during action potentials. Haemodynamic methods use one or more of many MRI-visible changes that occur to circulating blood in a brain region when it changes activity. These include blood-oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood volume weighted (CBV) MRI. The aim of this project was to further develop, adapt and then use these methods to study the effects on neuronal activity of stimuli related to appetite and energy balance. The majority of work went towards adapting MEMRI for this. Amongst many tested changes, improvements were made to the MRI acquisition protocol (specifically using fast spin echo rather than spin-echo acquisition) to make it more sensitive to Mn-induced signal changes, increase spatial coverage from partial to whole brain and rostro-caudal spatial resolution from 1 to 0.4mm, all while maintaining the same temporal resolution. Most importantly, the neuroimaging analysis framework used in haemodynamic functional MRI was adapted for use with MEMRI. This included the adaptation of spatial normalization software to handle Mn-sensitive T[1]-weighted images dominated by non-brain tissue rather than brain dominated T[2]/T*[2]-weighted images, and the generation of a signal change model for use in GLM. This enabled much more objective, reproducible and less laborious data analysis than with previous hand drawn ROIs. Attempts were made to use BOLD- and CBV-fMRI to study the effects of potent, appetite-modulating gut hormones on appetite, though these failed to produce a response.

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38

Tang, Hoi-ching Eva. "Endothelium-dependent contractions in rodent aortae". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558447.

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39

Bright, Paul William. "Ecology and conservation of the dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius)". Thesis, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309635.

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40

Tomkins, Geoffrey William Osborne. "The relationship between flank organ secretion characteristics and the dynamic features of a natural population of Arvicola terrestris (Mammalia : Rodentia)". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389620.

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41

Capelli, Jason L. "Landscape ecology of rodents in a no-till agriculture system". Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/j%5Fcapelli%5F050605.pdf.

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42

Caridis, Anna-Maria. "Studies on the role of mitochondrial cholesterol trafficking and metabolising proteins in obese rodents and a rodent insulinoma cell line". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743904.

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43

Janác̆ková, Son̆a. "Functional maturation of postnatal hippocampus in rodents : electrophysiological approach". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T050.

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Les réseaux neuronaux, pendant leur période de développement, génèrent des patrons d’activité immatures qui sont supposés participer à la formation des circuits neuronaux. Ces activités synchronisées créent des conditions favorables pour la plasticité hebbienne qui soutient la formation des circuits locaux. Les travaux menés notamment sur les systèmes sensoriels ont montré que les circuits pauci-neuronaux locaux sont capables de présenter une activité synchrone tout en étant isolés du reste des structures cérébrales. La moelle épinière isolée produit des bursts qui sont à l’origine des secousses musculaires, la rétine insensible à la lumière génère des ondes d’activité, d’autres régions cérébrales génèrent des activités synchrones avant de remplir la fonction à laquelle ils sont destinés. De manière similaire, l’hippocampe du rat nouveau-né ou primate prématuré in vitro, ainsi que les néocortex immature in vitro, génèrent une activité neuronale synchronisée, appelée giant depolarising potentials (GDPs). En se basant uniquement sur ces études et en prenant en compte la maturation tardive de certaines projections neuronales à distance, il serait tentant de conclure que le cerveau immature fonctionne comme un ensemble de petits modules fonctionnels qui auto-entretiennent leur activité intrinsèque avant de se connecter entre eux pour créer un cerveau fonctionnel adulte. Cependant, certaines connexions à longue distance sont formées très tôt pendant le développement et permettent la propagation des oscillations immatures entre les structures connectées. En effet, les ondes rétinales se propagent au noyau géniculé latéral et ensuite jusqu’au cortex visuel ; les GDPs hippocampiques se propagent à l’hippocampe controlatéral, septum et cortex entorhinal et finalement, les secousses musculaires, en créant un feed-back sensoriel, déclenchent des oscillations gamma immatures ainsi que les spindle bursts dans le réseau thalamo-cortical. Un fonctionnement similaire est décrit chez le nouveau-né prématuré. Il paraît donc plus probable, que le cerveau soit, dès les stades précoces du développement, organisé en sous-systèmes fonctionnels reliés entre eux anatomiquement et fonctionnellement. Au sein des unités fonctionnelles sont générés des patrons d’activité immatures synchrones afin de créer des connexions organisées topographiquement qui serviront de base anatomique de la fonction finale. Si ces étapes développementales sont perturbées pendant les périodes critiques, le système ne pourra pas assurer sa fonction de manière adéquate au stade mature. L’hippocampe mature, ou plus exactement les circuits cortico-hippocampiques, jouant un rôle primordial dans la mémoire déclarative, l’orientation spatiale et l’inhibition du comportement. L’établissement de ces fonctions est progressif au cours du développement. Par exemple les adultes humains n’ont que rarement des souvenirs personnels datant avant l’âge de trois ans. Or, nous savons aujourd'hui que le bébé humain est capable de garder des souvenirs dans la mémoire déclarative (dépendante de l’hippocampe) au cours de la première année de vie avec une efficacité croissante, mais il ne se rappellera pas ces souvenirs à l’âge adulte (Bauer, 2006). Nous ne savons pas s’il s’agit d’un encodage différent d’emblée ou d’un processus secondaire supprimant l’accès à ces souvenirs précoces. Nous pouvons présumer qu’il existe des modifications des activités électrophysiologiques pendant le développement qui soutiennent la modification de ces fonctions. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous voulions savoir comment et à partir de quand l’hippocampe, qui reçoit des informations convergentes de nombreuses régions néocorticales, acquiert son mode de fonctionnement adulte. Afin de répondre à cette question nous avons étudié le système cortex entorhinal – hippocampe, le cortex entorhinal étant la principale entrée excitatrice de l’hippocampe et recevant des afférences de nombreuses régions du néocortex. (...)
Neuronal networks spontaneously generate “immature” patterns of activity during development, which are thought to participate on the formation of neural circuits. Local neocortical as well as hippocampal circuits generate synchronised neuronal discharges providing support for Hebbian plasticity. Studies of sensory systems showed that local pauci-neuronal circuits were able to generate synchronous activity while isolated from other brain structures. Isolated spinal cord produces bursts evoking muscle twitching, light insensitive retina generates waves of activity, as well as other brain regions generate synchronous activities before fulfilling the function for which they are intended. Similarly, the hippocampus of newborn rat or premature primate in vitro, as well as immature neocortex in vitro, generates synchronised neuronal activity called giant depolarising potentials (GDPs). Based solely on these studies and taking into account the delayed maturation of certain long-distance neuronal projections, it would be tempting to conclude that the immature brain functions as a set of small functional modules that self-maintain their intrinsic activity before connecting together to create a functional adult brain. However, some long-distance connections are formed very early during development and allow the propagation of oscillations between immature connected structures. Indeed, retinal waves propagate to the lateral geniculate nucleus and then to the visual cortex, hippocampal GDPs propagate to the contralateral hippocampus, septum and entorhinal cortex, and finally, twitching, creating a sensory feedback, triggers immature gamma oscillations and spindle bursts in the thalamo-cortical network. A similar functioning is described in the premature newborn. It therefore seems more likely that the brain is, during the early stages of development, organised into functional subsystems interconnected anatomically and functionally. Within functional units are generated immature patterns of synchronous activity to create topographically organised connections that serve as anatomical basis of the final function. If these developmental stages are disturbed during critical periods, the system cannot perform its function adequately in mature stage. The mature hippocampus, or more precisely the cortico-hippocampal circuits, plays a key role in declarative memory, spatial organisation and behavioural inhibition. The establishment of these functions is progressive during development. For example, human adults rarely have personal memories dating before the age of three years. However, we now know that the human baby is able to keep memories in declarative memory (hippocampus-dependent) during the first year of life with increasing efficiency, but will not remember them in the adulthood. We do not know if the encoding of the memories is different or a secondary process inhibits the access to the early memories. We can assume that changes in electrophysiological activity during development support modification of these functions. In this thesis, we wanted to know how and from when the hippocampus, which receives convergent information from many cortical areas, acquires his adult mode of functioning. To answer this question we studied the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus system, entorhinal cortex being the main excitatory input to the hippocampus and receiving afferents from many parts of the neocortex. We were able to distinguish several periods in the development of the immature hippocampus: Period from P1 till P12 characterised by the sole presence of immature sharp waves triggered by the entorhinal cortex. Period from P13, when two types of sharp waves coexisted: the immature sharp waves and sharp waves as described in the adult animals newly emerged. The mature sharp waves, unlike the immature, can be accompanied by ripples. (...)

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44

Naigamwalla, Dinaz. "Effects of polyethylene glycol on colon carcinogenesis in rodents". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ46132.pdf.

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45

Mallorie, Henry Charles. "The population dynamics of small rodents in coniferous woodlands". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281984.

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46

Mayes, Caroline Ruth. "Aspects of neuroendocrine physiology in normal and mutant rodents". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276879.

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47

Houston, Pamela Ann. "Growth hormone gene expression in normal and dwarf rodents". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357483.

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48

Tallin, Michelle. "The biology of Mesocestoides corti infection in laboratory rodents". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241075.

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49

Bown, Kevin. "Studies on the macro- and microparasites of woodland rodents". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366964.

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Holmes, Andrew. "Transcriptomic approaches to understanding ageing and metabolism in rodents". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2010820/.

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Ageing is a major cause of diseases in modern society and leads to many age-related diseases. In addition, rising obesity in society increases the likelihood of various diseases. The development of genetic sequencing technologies provides a novel platform to unravel the complexity of ageing and metabolism. The Naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a rodent that is related to mice (Mus musculus) and ages very slowly, and can live for over 30 years without developing cancer. RNAseq analysis of H. glaber and M. musculus livers identified genes that were under- or over-expressed in H. glaber. Relative qPCR analysis was performed to confirm the expression of highly expressed genes in the naked mole-rat. Adenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification of specific bases that can cause an alteration in amino acid and splicing events. Recent studies indicated a gene-specific decline in RNA editing with age in humans in Cyfip2. Using SOLiD RNAseq, we sequenced the transcriptomes of 6-, 12-, and 28-month old rat cerebral cortex. We identify a conserved RNA editing site in Cog3. Upon analysis of known conserved RNA editing targets, no changes in RNA editing were observed during ageing in the rat. These results highlight the biological differences between rodent model organisms and humans, and their significance in the context of RNA editing and ageing. Dietary restriction of caloric intake is known to increase the lifespan of many species. Physiologically, these animals remain lean and show a later onset of age-related diseases. Through this concept, we were interested in studying Gnasxlm+/p- knockout mice, which remain lean due to hypermetabolism, despite increased food intake. Gnasxlm+/p- mice have a deletion in Gnas, which prevents expression of Xlαs. However, it is not known exactly how the loss of Xlαs exerts this phenotype. Due to its role in homeostasis and localisation of Xlαs expression, RNA from whole hypothalami of wildtype and Gnasxlm+/p- mice were analysed by Illumina RNAseq in order to identify expression changes that may help to explain the physiological symptoms. The glial cell marker Gfap was found to be downregulated 2-fold in Gnasxlm+/p- mice, which was confirmed by qPCR. Furthermore, in analysing the localisation of GFAP within the hypothalamus, we identified a distinct loss of GFAP expression in the arcuate nucleus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. GFAP was not found to be decreased in postnatal (P)1 and P5 mice, indicating that the decrease in GFAP is more likely to be an adaptation to chronic undernutrition as a result of hypermetabolism, than a developmental problem in the mice.

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