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Baba, Akihiko. "Robot navigation using ultrasonic feedback". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=677.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 122 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59).
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O'Hara, Keith Joseph. "Leveraging distribution and heterogeneity in robot systems architecture". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42706.
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Like computer architects, robot designers must address multiple, possibly competing, requirements by balancing trade-offs in terms of processing, memory, communication, and energy to satisfy design objectives. However, robot architects currently lack the design guidelines, organizing principles, rules of thumb, and tools that computer architects rely upon. This thesis takes a step in this direction, by analyzing the roles of heterogeneity and distribution in robot systems architecture.
This thesis takes a systems architecture approach to the design of robot systems, and in particular, investigates the use of distributed, heterogeneous platforms to exploit locality in robot systems design. We show how multiple, distributed heterogeneous platforms can serve as general purpose robot systems for three distinct domains with different design objectives: increasing availability in a search and rescue mission, increasing flexibility and ease-of-use for a personal educational robot, and decreasing the computation and sensing resources necessary for navigation and foraging tasks.
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Gwatkin, James. "Robo-CAMAL : anchoring in a cognitive robot". Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2366.
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The CAMAL architecture (Computational Architectures for Motivation,Affect and Learning) provides an excellent framework within which to explore and investigate issues relevant to cognitive science and artificial intelligence. This thesis describes a small sub element of the CAMAL architecture that has been implemented on a mobile robot. The first area of investigation within this research relates to the anchoring problem. Can the robotic agent generate symbols based on responses within its perceptual systems and can it reason about its environment based on those symbols? Given that the agent can identify changes within its environment, can it then adapt its behaviour and alter its goals to mirror the change in its environment? The second area of interest involves agent learning. The agent has a domain model that details its goals, the actions it can perform and some of the possible environmental states it may encounter. The agent is not provided with the belief-goal-action combinations in order to achieve its goals. The agent is also unaware of the effect its actions have upon its environment. Can the agent experiment with its behaviour to generate its own belief-goal-action combinations that allow it to achieve its goals? A second related problem involves the case where the belief-goal-action combination is pre-programmed. This is when the agent is provided with several different methods with which to achieve a specific goal. Can the agent learn which combination is the best? This thesis will describe the sub-element of the CAMAL architecture that was developed for a robot (robo-CAMAL). It will also demonstrate how robo-CAMAL solves the anchoring problem, and learns how to act and adapt in its environment.
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Smith, Brian Stephen. "Automatic coordination and deployment of multi-robot systems". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28248.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. Magnus Egerstedt; Committee Co-Chair: Dr. Ayanna Howard; Committee Member: Dr. David Taylor; Committee Member: Dr. Frank Dellaert; Committee Member: Dr. Ian Akyildiz; Committee Member: Dr. Jeff Shamma.
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Akan, Batu. "Human Robot Interaction Solutions for Intuitive Industrial Robot Programming". Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14315.
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Over the past few decades the use of industrial robots has increased the efficiency as well as competitiveness of many companies. Despite this fact, in many cases, robot automation investments are considered to be technically challenging. In addition, for most small and medium sized enterprises (SME) this process is associated with high costs. Due to their continuously changing product lines, reprogramming costs are likely to exceed installation costs by a large margin. Furthermore, traditional programming methods for industrial robots are too complex for an inexperienced robot programmer, thus assistance from a robot programming expert is often needed. We hypothesize that in order to make industrial robots more common within the SME sector, the robots should be reprogrammable by technicians or manufacturing engineers rather than robot programming experts. In this thesis we propose a high-level natural language framework for interacting with industrial robots through an instructional programming environment for the user. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to bring robot programming to a stage where it is as easy as working together with a colleague.In this thesis we mainly address two issues. The first issue is to make interaction with a robot easier and more natural through a multimodal framework. The proposed language architecture makes it possible to manipulate, pick or place objects in a scene through high level commands. Interaction with simple voice commands and gestures enables the manufacturing engineer to focus on the task itself, rather than programming issues of the robot. This approach shifts the focus of industrial robot programming from the coordinate based programming paradigm, which currently dominates the field, to an object based programming scheme.The second issue addressed is a general framework for implementing multimodal interfaces. There have been numerous efforts to implement multimodal interfaces for computers and robots, but there is no general standard framework for developing them. The general framework proposed in this thesis is designed to perform natural language understanding, multimodal integration and semantic analysis with an incremental pipeline and includes a novel multimodal grammar language, which is used for multimodal presentation and semantic meaning generation.robot colleague project
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Monahan, Melissa A. "Scalability study for robotic hand platform /". Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12225.
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Yevsieiev, V., i S. Shmatko. "Analysis of Crawler Robots". Thesis, International Science Group, 2022. https://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/20282.
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The issues of robot equilibrium on the surface oriented to the horizon at different angles are also insufficiently studied. Studying these issues will help determine the critical modes of operation of vertical movement robots and avoid accidents.
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Luh, Cheng-Jye 1960. "Hierarchical modelling of mobile, seeing robots". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276998.
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This thesis describes the implementation of a hierarchical robot simulation environment which supports the design of robots with vision and mobility. A seeing robot model applies a classification expert system for visual identification of laboratory objects. The visual data acquisition algorithm used by the robot vision system has been developed to exploit multiple viewing distances and perspectives. Several different simulations have been run testing the visual logic in a laboratory environment. Much work remains to integrate the vision system with the rest of the robot system.
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Puehn, Christian G. "Development of a Low-Cost Social Robot for Personalized Human-Robot Interaction". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1427889195.
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Beer, Jenay M. "Understanding older adults' perceptions of usefulness of an assistive home robot". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50404.
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Developing robots that are useful to older adults is more than simply creating robots that complete household tasks. To ensure that older adults perceive a robot to be useful, careful consideration of the users’ capabilities, robot autonomy, and task is needed (Venkatesh & Davis, 2000). The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct of perceived usefulness within the context of robot assistance. Mobile older adults (N = 12) and older adults with mobility loss (N=12) participated in an autonomy selection think aloud task, and a persona based interview. Findings suggest that older adults with mobility loss preferred an autonomy level where they command/control the robot themselves. Mobile older adults’ preferences were split between commanding/controlling the robot themselves, or the robot commands/controls itself. Reasons for their preferences were related to decision making, and were task specific. Additionally, findings from the persona base interview study support Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs, as well as adaptability, reliability, and trust as positively correlated with perceptions of usefulness. However, despite the positive correlation, barriers and facilitators of acceptance identified in the interview suggest that perceived usefulness judgments are complex, and some questionnaire constructs were interpreted differently between participants. Thus, care should be taken when applying TAM constructs to other domains, such as robot assistance to promote older adult independence.
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Dentler, Donald Richard II. "Design, Control, and Implementation of a Three Link Articulated Robot Arm". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1217208877.
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Szabari, Mikuláš. "Konstrukce kráčejícího mobilního robotu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382418.
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The diploma thesis deals with the construction of a walking mobile robot, which is intended for passing through a rugged or forest terrain, whose task is to collect the sample. The first part is devoted to the review of walking robots. Follow-up an analysis of two-legged and four-leg walking robot technologies and a brief overview of drives. The second part is devoted to problem analysis and design variant. The work contains 4 design variants in the form of schemes. Using the multi-criteria analysis, the variants were evaluated and the optimal variant was chosen taking into account the representative parameters. The third part is devoted to the construction of the chosen variant, it is divided into body and leg construction. The overall design is processed in the form of a virtual 3D model. In the leg construction, the design itself, but also the calculations of drives, shafts, gears and belt transmissions are solved. The end of the thesis is devoted to drawing documentation based on 3D model and economic evaluation. Follow-up and discussion with possible continuation and use in practice.
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Switzer, Barbara T. "Robotic path planning with obstacle avoidance /". Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11712.
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Aguilar, Jeffrey Jose. "Exploring lift-off dynamics in a jumping robot". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45961.
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We study vertical jumping in a simple robot comprising an actuated mass spring arrangement. The actuator frequency and phase are systematically varied to find optimal performance. Optimal jumps occur above and below (but not at) the robot's resonant frequency f0. Two distinct jumping modes emerge: a simple jump which is optimal above f0 is achievable with a squat maneuver, and a peculiar stutter jump which is optimal below f0 is generated with a countermovement. A simple dynamical model reveals how optimal lift-off results from non-resonant transient dynamics.
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Chen, Haoyao. "Towards multi-robot formations : study on vision-based localization system /". access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-meem-b3008295xf.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009."Submitted to Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-100)
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Li, Wan-chiu. "Localization of a mobile robot by monocular vision /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23765896.
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Kruse, Thibault. "Planning for human robot interaction". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30059/document.
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Les avancées récentes en robotique inspirent des visions de robots domestiques et de service rendant nos vies plus faciles et plus confortables. De tels robots pourront exécuter différentes tâches de manipulation d'objets nécessaires pour des travaux de ménage, de façon autonome ou en coopération avec des humains. Dans ce rôle de compagnon humain, le robot doit répondre à de nombreuses exigences additionnelles comparées aux domaines bien établis de la robotique industrielle. Le but de la planification pour les robots est de parvenir à élaborer un comportement visant à satisfaire un but et qui obtient des résultats désirés et dans de bonnes conditions d'efficacité. Mais dans l'interaction homme-robot (HRI), le comportement robot ne peut pas simplement être jugé en termes de résultats corrects, mais il doit être agréable aux acteurs humains. Cela signifie que le comportement du robot doit obéir à des critères de qualité supplémentaire. Il doit être sûr, confortable pour l'homme, et être intuitivement compris. Il existe des pratiques pour assurer la sécurité et offrir un confort en gardant des distances suffisantes entre le robot et des personnes à proximité. Toutefois fournir un comportement qui est intuitivement compris reste un défi. Ce défi augmente considérablement dans les situations d'interaction homme-robot dynamique, où les actions de la personne sont imprévisibles, le robot devant adapter en permanence ses plans aux changements. Cette thèse propose une approche nouvelle et des méthodes pour améliorer la lisibilité du comportement du robot dans des situations dynamiques. Cette approche ne considère pas seulement la qualité d'un seul plan, mais le comportement du robot qui est parfois le résultat de replanifications répétées au cours d'une interaction. Pour ce qui concerne les tâches de navigation, cette thèse présente des fonctions de coûts directionnels qui évitent les problèmes dans des situations de conflit. Pour la planification d'action en général, cette thèse propose une approche de replanification locale des actions de transport basé sur les coûts de navigation, pour élaborer un comportement opportuniste adaptatif. Les deux approches, complémentaires, facilitent la compréhension, par les acteurs et observateurs humains, des intentions du robot et permettent de réduire leur confusionThe recent advances in robotics inspire visions of household and service robots making our lives easier and more comfortable. Such robots will be able to perform several object manipulation tasks required for household chores, autonomously or in cooperation with humans. In that role of human companion, the robot has to satisfy many additional requirements compared to well established fields of industrial robotics. The purpose of planning for robots is to achieve robot behavior that is goal-directed and establishes correct results. But in human-robot-interaction, robot behavior cannot merely be judged in terms of correct results, but must be agree-able to human stakeholders. This means that the robot behavior must suffice additional quality criteria. It must be safe, comfortable to human, and intuitively be understood. There are established practices to ensure safety and provide comfort by keeping sufficient distances between the robot and nearby persons. However providing behavior that is intuitively understood remains a challenge. This challenge greatly increases in cases of dynamic human-robot interactions, where the actions of the human in the future are unpredictable, and the robot needs to constantly adapt its plans to changes. This thesis provides novel approaches to improve the legibility of robot behavior in such dynamic situations. Key to that approach is not to merely consider the quality of a single plan, but the behavior of the robot as a result of replanning multiple times during an interaction. For navigation planning, this thesis introduces directional cost functions that avoid problems in conflict situations. For action planning, this thesis provides the approach of local replanning of transport actions based on navigational costs, to provide opportunistic behavior. Both measures help human observers understand the robot's beliefs and intentions during interactions and reduce confusion
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Celikkanat, Hande. "Control Of A Mobile Robot Swarm Via Informed Robots". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609966/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we study how and to what extent a self-organized mobile robot flock can be guided by informing some of the robots within the flock about a preferred direction of motion. Specifically, we extend a flocking behavior that was shown to maneuver a swarm of mobile robots as a cohesive group in free space, avoiding obstacles. In its original form, this behavior does not have a preferred direction and the flock would wander aimlessly. In this study, we incorporate a preference for a goal direction in some of the robots. These informed robots do not signal that they are informed (a.k.a. unacknowledged leadership) and instead guide the swarm by their tendency to move in the desired direction. Through experimental results with physical and simulated robots we show that the self-organized flocking of a robot swarm can be effectively guided by an informed minority of the flock. We evaluate the system using a number of quantitative metrics: First, we propose to use the mutual information metric from Information Theory as a dynamical measure of the information exchange. Then, we discuss the accuracy metric from directional statistics and size of the largest cluster as the measures of system performance. Using these metrics, we perform analyses from two points of views: In the transient analyses, we demonstrate the information exchange between the robots as the time advances, and the increase in the accuracy of the flock when the conditions are suitable for an adequate amount of information exchange. In the steady state analyses, we investigate the interdependent effects of the size of the flock in terms of the robots in it, the ratio of informed robots in the flock over the total flock size, the weight of the direction preference behavior, and the noise in the system.
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Park, Hae Won. "Robot learners: interactive instance-based learning with social robots". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53442.
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On one hand, academic and industrial researchers have been developing and deploying robots that are used as educational tutors, mediators, and motivational tools. On the other hand, an increasing amount of interest has been placed on non-expert users being able to program robots intuitively, which has led to promising research efforts in the fields of machine learning and human-robot interaction. This dissertation focuses on bridging the gap between the two subfields of robotics to provide personalized experience for the users during educational, entertainment, and therapeutic sessions with social robots. In order to make the interaction continuously engaging, the workspace shared between the user and the robot should provide personalized contexts for interaction while the robot learns to participate in new tasks that arise.
This dissertation aims to solve the task-learning problem using an instance-based framework that stores human demonstrations as task instances. These instances are retrieved when confronted with a similar task in which the system generates predictions of task behaviors based on prior solutions. The main issues associated with the instance-based approach, i.e., knowledge encoding and acquisition, are addressed in this dissertation research using interactive methods of machine learning. This approach, further referred to as interactive instance-based learning (IIBL), utilizes the keywords people use to convey task knowledge to others to formulate task instances. The key features suggested by the human teacher are extracted during the demonstrations of the task. Regression approaches have been developed in this dissertation to model similarities between cases for instance retrieval including multivariate linear regression and sensitivity analysis using neural networks. The learning performance of the IIBL methods were then evaluated while participants engaged in various block stacking and inserting scenarios and tasks on a touchscreen tablet with a humanoid robot Darwin.
In regard to end-users programming robots, the main benefit of the IIBL framework is that the approach fully utilizes the explanatory behavior of the instance-based method which makes the learning process transparent to the human teacher. Such an environment not only encourages the user to produce better demonstrations, but also prompts the user to intervene at the moment a new instance is needed. It was shown through user studies that participants naturally adapt their teaching behavior to the robot learner's progress and adjust the timing and the number of demonstrations. It was also observed that the human-robot teaching and learning scenarios facilitate the emergence of various social behaviors from participants. Encouraging social interaction is often an objective of the task especially with children with cognitive disabilities, and a pilot study with children with autism spectrum disorder revealed promising results comparable to the typically developing group.
Finally, this dissertation investigated the necessity of renewable context for prolonged interaction with robot companions. Providing personalized tasks that match each individual's preferences and developmental stages enhances the quality of the user experience with robot learners. Confronted with the limitations of the physical workspace, this research proposes utilizing commercially available touchscreen smart devices as a shared platform for engaging the user in educational, entertainment, and therapeutic tasks with the robot learners.
To summarize, this dissertation attempts to defend the thesis statement that a robot learner that utilizes an IIBL approach improves the performance and efficiency of general task learning, and when combined with the state-of-the-art mobile technology that provides personalized context for interaction, enhances the user's experience for prolonged engagement of the task.
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Bhamjee, Sajida. "Children's perception and interpretation of robots and robot behaviour". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57067/.
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The world of robotics, like that of all technology is changing rapidly (Melson, et al., 2009). As part of an inter-disciplinary project investigating the emergence of artificial culture in robot societies, this study set out to examine children’s perception of robots and interpretation of robot behaviour. This thesis is situated in an interdisciplinary field of human–robot interactions, drawing on research from the disciplines of sociology and psychology as well as the fields of engineering and ethics. The study was divided into four phases: phase one involved children from two primary schools drawing a picture and writing a story about their robot. In phase two, children observed e-puck robots interacting. Children were asked questions regarding the function and purpose of the robots’ actions. Phase three entailed data collection at a public event: Manchester Science Festival. Three activities at the festival: ‘XRay Art Under Your Skin’, ‘Swarm Robots’ and ‘Build-a-Bugbot’ formed the focus of this phase. In the first activity, children were asked to draw the components of a robot and were then asked questions about their drawings. During the second exercise, children’s comments were noted as they watched e-puck robot demonstrations. In the third exercise, children were shown images and asked whether these images were a robot or a ‘no-bot’. They were then prompted to provide explanations for their answers. Phase 4 of the research involved children identifying patterns of behaviour amongst e-pucks. This phase of the project was undertaken as a pilot for the ‘open science’ approach to research to be used by the wider project within which this PhD was nested. Consistent with existing literature, children endowed robots with animate and inanimate characteristics holding multiple understandings of robots simultaneously. The notion of control appeared to be important in children’s conception of animacy. The results indicated children’s perceptions of the location of the locus of control plays an important role in whether they view robots as autonomous agents or controllable entities. The ways in which children perceive robots and robot behaviour, in particular the ways in which children give meaning to robots and robot behaviour will potentially come to characterise a particular generation. Therefore, research should not only concentrate on the impact of these technologies on children but should focus on capturing children’s perceptions and viewpoints to better understand the impact of the changing technological world on the lives of children.
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Bethel, Cindy L. "Robots Without Faces: Non-Verbal Social Human-Robot Interaction". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003097.
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Long, Matthew T. "Creating a distributed field robot architecture for multiple robots". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000539.
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Václavek, Miroslav. "Řízení 6-ti osého robota v RTOS". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217874.
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The thesis deals with the analysis, software design and the study of 3D kinematic model of robotic manipulator ROB 2-6. It creates the control software for this manipulator, containing user interface based on MFC applications. Moreover, the thesis is concentrated on the solution of various problems, e.g. non-linearity of servomotor or the limitation of manipulator´s attainability. Finally, it poses a documentation of the single project and offers new possibilities of further development in the control of this manipulator.
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Chen, Hung Chiao, i Saskia Weck. "Understanding Robots : The Effects of Conversational Strategies on the Understandability of Robot-Robot Interactions from a Human Standpoint". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172295.
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As the technology develops and robots are integrating into more and more facets of our lives, the futureof human-robot interaction may take form in all kinds of arrangements and configurations. In this study, we examined the understandability of di erent conversational strategies in robot-robot communication from a human-bystander standpoint. Specifically, we examined the understandability of verbal explanations constructed under Grice's maxims of informativeness. A prediction task was employed to test the understandability of the proposed strategy among other strategies. Furthermore, participants' perception of the robots' interaction was assessed with a range of ratings and rankings. The results suggest that those robots using the proposed strategy and those using the other tested strategies were understood and perceived similarly.I takt med att teknologin utvecklas integreras robotar mer och mer i olika delar av våra liv. Framtidens människo-robot interaktioner kan ta många olika former och konfigurationer. I den här studien undersökte vi förståelsen för olika konversationsstrategier mellan robotar ur det mänskliga perspektivet. Specifikt undersökte vi förståelsen av muntliga förklaringar konstruerade enligt Grices princip för informativitet. En uppgift för deltagarna i testet var att försöka förutsäga robotarnas agerande. Dessutom utvärderades robotarnas interaktion genom att låta deltagarna rangordna och betygsätta dem. Resultatet tyder på att de robotar som använder Grices princip och de som använder de andra testade strategierna förstås och uppfattas på ett liknande sätt.
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Wirbel, Émilie. "Localisation et navigation d’un robot humanoïde en environnement domestique". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0058/document.
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Cette thèse traite du problème de la localisation et de la navigation de robots humanoïdes à bas coût dans un environnement dynamique non contraint. Elle a été réalisée en collaboration entre le laboratoire de robotique CAOR de Mines ParisTech et Aldebaran, dont les robots NAO et Pepper sont utilisés comme plateformes.On verra ici comment il est possible de déduire des informations d'orientation et de position du robot malgré les fortes contraintes de puissance de calcul, de champ de vision et de généricité de l'environnement. L'environnement est représenté sous une forme topologique : les lieux sont stockés dans des nœuds, reliés par des transitions. On apprend l'environnement dans une phase préalable permettant de construire une référence. Les contributions principales de la thèse reposent sur les méthodes de calcul de l'orientation et d'une mesure de position du robot à l'aide des caméras monoculaires à faible champ de vision,et leur intégration dans une structure topologique. Pour se localiser dans le graphe, on utilise principalement les données de vision fournies par les caméras monoculaires du robot, tout en laissant la possibilité de compléter à l'aide de caméras 3D. Les différentes méthodes de localisation sont combinées dans une structure hiérarchique qui permet à la fois d'améliorer la robustesse et de fusionner les données de localisation. Un contrôle de la trajectoire est également mis en place pour permettre d'effectuer de façon fiable les transitions d'un nœud à l'autre, et accessoirement fournir un système de retour pour la marche du robot.Les travaux de cette thèse ont été intégrés dans la suite logicielle d'Aldebaran, et testés intensivement dans différents environnements afin de valider les résultats obtenus et préparer une livraison aux clientsThis thesis covers the topic of low cost humanoid robots localization and navigation in a dynamic unconstrained environment. It is the result of a collaboration between the Centre for Robotics of Mines ParisTech and Aldebaran, whose robots, NAO and Pepper, are used as experimental platforms.We will describe how to derive information on the orientation and the position of the robot, under high constraints on computing power, sensor field of view and environment genericity. The environment is represented using a topological formalism : places are stored in vertices, and connected by transitions. The environment is learned in a preliminary phase, which allows the robot to construct a reference.The main contribution of this PHD thesis lies in orientation and approximate position measurement methods, based on monocular cameras with a restricted field of view, and their integration into a topological structure. To localize the robot in the robot, we use mainly data providing by the monocular cameras of the robot, while also allowing extensions, for example with a 3D camera. The different localization methods are combined into a hierarchical structure, which makes the whole process more robust and merges the estimations. A trajectory control has also been developped in order to transition accurately from one vertex to another, and incidently to provide a feedback on the walk of the robot.The results of this thesis have been integrated into Aldebaran software suite, and thoroughly tested in various conditions, in order to validate the conclusions and prepare a client delivery
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Robinette, Paul. "Developing robots that impact human-robot trust in emergency evacuations". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54415.
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High-risk, time-critical situations require trust for humans to interact with other agents even if they have never interacted with the agents before. In the near future, robots will perform tasks to help people in such situations, thus robots must understand why a person makes a trust decision in order to effectively aid the person. High casualty rates in several emergency evacuations motivate our use of this scenario as an example of a high-risk, time-critical situation. Emergency guidance robots can be stored inside of buildings then activated to search for victims and guide evacuees to safety. In this dissertation, we determined the conditions under which evacuees would be likely to trust a robot in an emergency evacuation.
We began by examining reports of real-world evacuations and considering how guidance robots can best help. We performed two simulations of evacuations and learned that robots could be helpful as long as at least 30% of evacuees trusted their guidance instructions. We then developed several methods for a robot to communicate directional information to evacuees. After performing three rounds of evaluation using virtually, remotely and physically present robots, we concluded that robots should communicate directional information by gesturing with two arms. Next, we studied the effect of situational risk and the robot's previous performance on a participant's decision to use the robot during an interaction. We found that higher risk scenarios caused participants to align their self-reported trust with their decisions in a trust situation. We also discovered that trust in a robot drops after a single error when interaction occurs in a virtual environment. After an exploratory study in trust repair, we have learned that a robot can repair broken trust during the emergency by apologizing for its prior mistake or giving additional information relevant to the situation. Apologizing immediately after the error had no effect.
Robots have the potential to save lives in emergency scenarios, but could have an equally disastrous effect if participants overtrust them. To explore this concept, we created a virtual environment of an office as well as a real-world simulation of an emergency evacuation. In both, participants interacted with a robot during a non-emergency phase to experience its behavior and then chose whether to follow the robot’s instructions during an emergency phase or not. In the virtual environment, the emergency was communicated through text, but in the real-world simulation, artificial smoke and fire alarms were used to increase the urgency of the situation. In our virtual environment, we confirmed our previous results that prior robot behavior affected whether participants would trust the robot or not. To our surprise, all participants followed the robot in the real-world simulation of an emergency, despite half observing the same robot perform poorly in a navigation guidance task just minutes before. We performed additional exploratory studies investigating different failure modes. Even when the robot pointed to a dark room with no discernible exit the majority of people did not choose to exit the way they entered.
The conclusions of this dissertation are based on the results of fifteen experiments with a total of 2,168 participants (2,071 participants in virtual or remote studies conducted over the internet and 97 participants in physical studies on campus). We have found that most human evacuees will trust an emergency guidance robot that uses understandable information conveyance modalities and exhibits efficient guidance behavior in an evacuation scenario. In interactions with a virtual robot, this trust can be lost because of a single error made by the robot, but a similar effect was not found with real-world robots. This dissertation presents data indicating that victims in emergency situations may overtrust a robot, even when they have recently witnessed the robot malfunction. This work thus demonstrates concerns which are important to both the HRI and rescue robot communities.
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Bussy, Antoine. "Approche cognitive pour la représentation de l’interaction proximale haptique entre un homme et un humanoïde". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20090/document.
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Les robots sont tout près d'arriver chez nous. Mais avant cela, ils doivent acquérir la capacité d'interagir physiquement avec les humains, de manière sûre et efficace. De telles capacités sont indispensables pour qu'il puissent vivre parmi nous, et nous assister dans diverses tâches quotidiennes, comme porter une meuble. Dans cette thèse, nous avons pour but de doter le robot humanoïde bipède HRP-2 de la capacité à effectuer des actions haptiques en commun avec l'homme. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions comment des dyades humains collaborent pour transporter un objet encombrant. De cette étude, nous extrayons un modèle global de primitives de mouvement que nous utilisons pour implémenter un comportement proactif sur le robot HRP-2, afin qu'il puisse effectuer la même tâche avec un humain. Puis nous évaluons les performances de ce schéma de contrôle proactif au cours de tests utilisateurs. Finalement, nous exposons diverses pistes d'évolution de notre travail: la stabilisation d'un humanoïde à travers l'interaction physique, la généralisation du modèle de primitives de mouvements à d'autres tâches collaboratives et l'inclusion de la vision dans des tâches collaboratives haptiquesRobots are very close to arrive in our homes. But before doing so, they must master physical interaction with humans, in a safe and efficient way. Such capacities are essential for them to live among us, and assit us in various everyday tasks, such as carrying a piece of furniture. In this thesis, we focus on endowing the biped humanoid robot HRP-2 with the capacity to perform haptic joint actions with humans. First, we study how human dyads collaborate to transport a cumbersome object. From this study, we define a global motion primitives' model that we use to implement a proactive behavior on the HRP-2 robot, so that it can perform the same task with a human. Then, we assess the performances of our proactive control scheme by perfoming user studies. Finally, we expose several potential extensions to our work: self-stabilization of a humanoid through physical interaction, generalization of the motion primitives' model to other collaboratives tasks and the addition of visionto haptic joint actions
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Smarr, Cory-Ann Cook. "Applying a qualitative framework of acceptance of personal robots". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53096.
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Personal robots can help people live safer, more efficient and comfortable lives. However, such benefits cannot be achieved if people do not use, or accept, personal robots. The use of a technology is predominantly influenced by an individual's intention to use it, which is influenced by his or her attitudes toward it (Davis, 1989). Presently, the key factors that impact the use of personal robots are not fully understood. Two studies were conducted as first step assessments of the Smarr, Fisk, and Rogers (2013) theoretically-based framework of acceptance of personal robots. In study 1, 14 participants used a personal robot (a robot lawn mower) at their homes for about six weeks. Their acceptance and factors important for acceptance identified in the framework were measured using pre-use and post-use interviews and questionnaires, and weekly diaries. The framework was conceptually validated; participants mentioned 16 of the 20 factors in the Smarr et al. (2013) framework. However, the framework did not fully account for the breadth of factors discussed by participants, thereby suggesting variables may need to be added to or removed from the framework. In study 2, 280 participants reported their initial acceptance of a personal robot (a robot mower) with different levels of reliability and communication of feedback in an online survey. Level of robot reliability did significantly affect attitudinal and intentional acceptance. Follow up analyses indicated a trend that participants who received no information on reliability had numerically higher acceptance than participants who were informed that the robot had 70% reliability or 90% reliability. Neither communication of feedback nor its interaction with reliability affected acceptance. The Smarr et al. (2013) framework explained about 60% of the variance in intentional acceptance and 57% in attitudinal acceptance of a personal robot. Eight of the 15 relationships tested were supported via path analysis. Findings largely supported the Smarr et al. (2013) framework in explaining what impacts intentional and attitudinal acceptance of a personal robot. Results from these studies can inform the Smarr et al. (2013) framework of robot acceptance and other models of acceptance, and can guide designers in developing acceptable personal robots.
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Hornfeck, Kenneth B. "A Customizable Socially Interactive Robot with Wireless Health Monitoring Capability". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1301595272.
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Ear, Harold. "A Biologically Inspired Four-Legged Walking Robot (Robo-Dog)". Thesis, Ear, Harold (2017) A Biologically Inspired Four-Legged Walking Robot (Robo-Dog). Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36717/.
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The Robo-dog was designed and implemented by a Shiqi Peng, a PhD student in 2006. The dog incorporated many control systems such as Reinforced Learning, Subsumption Architecture and a Central Pattern Producer. The dog since 2013 has been in an inactive state, the dog now is used to educate students on various concepts such as debugging, electronics and programming. A variety of issues stem from the dog and are not limited to the lack of documentation, missing equipment and components, broken and faulty hardware components and a limited functioning program.
The objectives of the project are: restore various capabilities of the dog, moving the dog from Point A to Point B, implementing a control system utilising pre-existing sensors on the dog.
To begin attempting to manoeuvre the dog, various components such as tilt-sensors, foot-sensors and microcontroller communication needed to be addressed as the components were not in a working state. Documentation has been updated or created to reflect the changes that have been made to the components of the dog.
Moving the dog from Point A to Point B was achieved through various walking techniques, by adapting and adjusting the limb movements in the walk gait for a dog and then applying the concepts to the robo-dog. The implementation of the limb movement and the walk gait focused on maximising forward movement per cycle incorporating a sequential approach where each movement were dependant on one other.
A control system was implemented in the form of Subsumption Architecture; the behaviours implemented are to determine the balance of the dog, walk sequence of the dog and to determine whether the dog is walking on a ramp. The implementation goal is to provide an easy-to-expand control system so that future students can add additional behaviours to the system.
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Gu, Lifang. "Visual guidance of robot motion". University of Western Australia. Dept. of Computer Science, 1996. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0004.
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Future robots are expected to cooperate with humans in daily activities. Efficient cooperation requires new techniques for transferring human skills to robots. This thesis presents an approach on how a robot can extract and replicate a motion by observing how a human instructor conducts it. In this way, the robot can be taught without any explicit instructions and the human instructor does not need any expertise in robot programming. A system has been implemented which consists of two main parts. The first part is data acquisition and motion extraction. Vision is the most important sensor with which a human can interact with the surrounding world. Therefore two cameras are used to capture the image sequences of a moving rigid object. In order to compress the incoming images from the cameras and extract 3D motion information of the rigid object, feature detection and tracking are applied to the images. Corners are chosen as the main features because they are more stable under perspective projection and during motion. A reliable corner detector is implemented and a new corner tracking algorithm is proposed based on smooth motion constraints. With both spatial and temporal constraints, 3D trajectories of a set of points on the object can be obtained and the 3D motion parameters of the object can be reliably calculated by the algorithm proposed in this thesis. Once the 3D motion parameters are available through the vision system, the robot should be programmed to replicate this motion. Since we are interested in smooth motion and the similarity between two motions, the task of the second part of our system is therefore to extract motion characteristics and to transfer these to the robot. It can be proven that the characteristics of a parametric cubic B-spline curve are completely determined by its control points, which can be obtained by the least-squares fitting method, given some data points on the curve. Therefore a parametric cubic B–spline curve is fitted to the motion data and its control points are calculated. Given the robot configuration the obtained control points can be scaled, translated, and rotated so that a motion trajectory can be generated for the robot to replicate the given motion in its own workspace with the required smoothness and similarity, although the absolute motion trajectories of the robot and the instructor can be different. All the above modules have been integrated and results of an experiment with the whole system show that the approach proposed in this thesis can extract motion characteristics and transfer these to a robot. A robot arm has successfully replicated a human arm movement with similar shape characteristics by our approach. In conclusion, such a system collects human skills and intelligence through vision and transfers them to the robot. Therefore, a robot with such a system can interact with its environment and learn by observation.
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李宏釗 i Wan-chiu Li. "Localization of a mobile robot by monocular vision". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226371.
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Canal, Camprodon Gerard. "Adapting robot behavior to user preferences in assistive scenarios". Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669799.
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Robotic assistants have inspired numerous books and science fiction movies.
In the real world, these kinds of devices are a growing need in amongst the elderly, who while life continue requiring more assistance. While life expectancy is increasing, life quality is not necessarily doing so. Thus, we may find ourselves and our loved ones being dependent and needing another person to perform the most basic tasks, which has a strong psychological impact. Accordingly, assistive robots may be the definitive tool to give more quality of life by empowering dependent people and extending their independent living.
Assisting users to perform daily activities requires adapting to them and their needs, as they might not be able to adapt to the robot.
This thesis tackles adaptation and personalization issues through user preferences. We 'focus on physical tasks that involve close contact, as these present interesting challenges, and are of great importance for he user. Therefore, three tasks are mainly used throughout the thesis: assistive feeding, shoe fitting, and jacket dressing. We first describe a framework for robot behavior adaptation that illustrates how robots should be personalized for and by end- users or their assistants. Using this framework, non-technical users determine how !he robot should behave. Then, we define the concept of preference for assistive robotics scenarios and establish a taxonomy, which includes hierarchies and groups of preferences, grounding definitions and concepts. We then show how the preferences in the taxonomy are used with Al planning systems to adapt the robot behavior to the preferences of the user obtained from simple questions. Our algorithms allow for long-term adaptations as well as to cope with misinformed user models. We further integrate the methods with low-level motion primitives that provide a more robust adaptation and behavior while lowering the number of needed actions and demonstrations. Moreover, we perform a deeper analysis in Planning and preferences with the introduction of new algorithms to provide preference suggestions in planning domains. The thesis then concludes with a user study that evaluates the use of the preferences in the three real assistive robotics scenarios. The experiments show a clear understanding of the preferences of users, who were able to assess the impact of their preferences on the behavior of the robot.
In summary, we provide tools and algorithms to design the robotic assistants of the future. Assistants that should be able to adapt to the assisted user needs and preferences, just as human assistants do nowadays.Els assistents robòtics han inspirat nombrosos llibres i pel·lícules de ciència-ficció al llarg de la història. Però tornant al món real, aquest tipus de dispositius s'estan tornant una necessitat per a una societat que envelleix a un ritme ràpid i que, per tant, requerirà més i més assistència. Mentre l'esperança de vida augmenta, la qualitat de vida no necessàriament ho fa. Per tant, ens podem trobar a nosaltres mateixos i als nostres estimats en una situació de dependència, necessitant una altra persona per poder fer les tasques més bàsiques, cosa que té un gran impacte psicològic. En conseqüència, els robots assistencials poden ser l'eina definitiva per proporcionar una millor qualitat de vida empoderant els usuaris i allargant la seva capacitat de viure independentment. L'assistència a persones per realitzar tasques diàries requereix adaptar-se a elles i les seves necessitats, donat que aquests usuaris no poden adaptar-se al robot. En aquesta tesi, abordem el problema de l'adaptació i la personalització d'un robot mitjançant preferències de l'usuari. Ens centrem en tasques físiques, que involucren contacte amb la persona, per les seves dificultats i importància per a l'usuari. Per aquest motiu, la tesi utilitzarà principalment tres tasques com a exemple: donar menjar, posar una sabata i vestir una jaqueta. Comencem definint un marc (framework) per a la personalització del comportament del robot que defineix com s'han de personalitzar els robots per usuaris i pels seus assistents. Amb aquest marc, usuaris sense coneixements tècnics són capaços de definir com s'ha de comportar el robot. Posteriorment definim el concepte de preferència per a robots assistencials i establim una taxonomia que inclou jerarquies i grups de preferències, els quals fonamenten les definicions i conceptes. Després mostrem com les preferències de la taxonomia s'utilitzen amb sistemes planificadors amb IA per adaptar el comportament del robot a les preferències de l'usuari, que s'obtenen mitjançant preguntes simples. Els nostres algorismes permeten l'adaptació a llarg termini, així com fer front a models d'usuari mal inferits. Aquests mètodes són integrats amb primitives a baix nivell que proporcionen una adaptació i comportament més robusts a la mateixa vegada que disminueixen el nombre d'accions i demostracions necessàries. També fem una anàlisi més profunda de l'ús de les preferències amb planificadors amb la introducció de nous algorismes per fer suggeriments de preferències en dominis de planificació. La tesi conclou amb un estudi amb usuaris que avalua l'ús de les preferències en les tres tasques assistencials. Els experiments demostren un clar enteniment de les preferències per part dels usuaris, que van ser capaços de discernir quan les seves preferències eren utilitzades. En resum, proporcionem eines i algorismes per dissenyar els assistents robòtics del futur. Uns assistents que haurien de ser capaços d'adaptar-se a les preferències i necessitats de l'usuari que assisteixen, tal com els assistents humans fan avui en dia.
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Vassallo, Christian. "Using human-inspired models for guiding robot locomotion". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30177/document.
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Cette thèse a été effectuée dans le cadre du projet européen Koroibot dont l'objectif est le développement d'algorithmes de marche avancés pour les robots humanoïdes. Dans le but de contrôler les robots d'une manière sûre et efficace chez les humains, il est nécessaire de comprendre les règles, les principes et les stratégies de l'homme lors de la locomotion et de les transférer à des robots. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier et d'identifier les stratégies de locomotion humaine et créer des algorithmes qui pourraient être utilisés pour améliorer les capacités du robot. La contribution principale est l'analyse sur les principes de piétons qui guident les stratégies d'évitement des collisions. En particulier, nous observons comment les humains adapter une tâche de locomotion objectif direct quand ils ont à interférer avec un obstacle en mouvement traversant leur chemin. Nous montrons les différences entre la stratégie définie par les humains pour éviter un obstacle non-collaboratif et la stratégie pour éviter un autre être humain, et la façon dont les humains interagissent avec un objet si se déplaçant en manier simil à l'humaine. Deuxièmement, nous présentons un travail effectué en collaboration avec les neuroscientifiques de calcul. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour synthétiser réalistes complexes mouvements du robot humanoïde avec des primitives de mouvement. Trajectoires humaines walking-to-grasp ont été enregistrés. L'ensemble des mouvements du corps sont reciblées et proportionnée afin de correspondre à la cinématique de robots humanoïdes. Sur la base de cette base de données des mouvements, nous extrayons les primitives de mouvement. Nous montrons que ces signaux sources peuvent être exprimées sous forme de solutions stables d'un système dynamique autonome, qui peut être considéré comme un système de central pattern generators (CPGs). Sur la base de cette approche, les stratégies réactives walking-to-grasp ont été développés et expérimenté avec succès sur le robot humanoïde HRP-2 au LAAS-CNRS. Dans la troisième partie de la thèse, nous présentons une nouvelle approche du problème de pilotage d'un robot soumis à des contraintes non holonomes par une porte en utilisant l'asservissement visuel. La porte est représentée par deux points de repère situés sur ses supports verticaux. La plan géométric qui a été construit autour de la porte est constituée de faisceaux de hyperboles, des ellipses et des cercles orthogonaux. Nous montrons que cette géométrie peut être mesurée directement dans le plan d'image de la caméra et que la stratégie basée sur la vision présentée peut également être lié à l'homme. Simulation et expériences réalistes sont présentés pour montrer l'efficacité de nos solutionsThis thesis has been done within the framework of the European Project Koroibot which aims at developing advanced algorithms to improve the humanoid robots locomotion. It is organized in three parts. With the aim of steering robots in a safe and efficient manner among humans it is required to understand the rules, principles and strategies of human during locomotion and transfer them to robots. The goal of this thesis is to investigate and identify the human locomotion strategies and create algorithms that could be used to improve robot capabilities. A first contribution is the analysis on pedestrian principles which guide collision avoidance strategies. In particular, we observe how humans adapt a goal-direct locomotion task when they have to interfere with a moving obstacle crossing their way. We show differences both in the strategy set by humans to avoid a non-collaborative obstacle with respect to avoid another human, and the way humans interact with an object moving in human-like way. Secondly, we present a work done in collaboration with computational neuroscientists. We propose a new approach to synthetize realistic complex humanoid robot movements with motion primitives. Human walking-to-grasp trajectories have been recorded. The whole body movements are retargeted and scaled in order to match the humanoid robot kinematics. Based on this database of movements, we extract the motion primitives. We prove that these sources signals can be expressed as stable solutions of an autonomous dynamical system, which can be regarded as a system of coupled central pattern generators (CPGs). Based on this approach, reactive walking-to-grasp strategies have been developed and successfully experimented on the humanoid robot HRP at LAAS-CNRS. In the third part of the thesis, we present a new approach to the problem of vision-based steering of robot subject to non-holonomic constrained to pass through a door. The door is represented by two landmarks located on its vertical supports. The planar geometry that has been built around the door consists of bundles of hyperbolae, ellipses, and orthogonal circles. We prove that this geometry can be directly measured in the camera image plane and that the proposed vision-based control strategy can also be related to human. Realistic simulation and experiments are reported to show the effectiveness of our solutions
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Alami, Rachid. "Robots autonomes : du concept au robot. Architectures, représentations et algorithmes". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165562.
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Le travail présenté procède de l'ambition de doter le robot d'un haut niveau de flexibilité et d'adaptation à la tâche en présence d'imprécisions et d'incertitudes liées à celle-ci et à son état interne. Ceci se traduit par le développement de concepts et d'outils visant à permettre au robot de planifier sa tâche et d'en contrôler l'exécution. Une première partie porte sur l'élaboration d'architectures permettant d'intégrer les composantes décisionnelle et fonctionnelle et de mettre en \oe uvre des processus bouclés sur la tâche et sur l'environnement à différents niveaux d'abstraction. Elle présente notamment une architecture de contrôle générique permettant à la fois l'élaboration d'un plan d'actions (processus généralement coûteux en temps calcul et non borné dans le temps), et la disponibilité permanente dans un environnement évolutif (réactivité). Un deuxième aspect concerne le développement de représentations et d'algorithmiques pour la planification et l'interprétation de plans: planification logique et temporelle (au niveau de la mission) mais aussi planification géométrique (plus proche de la tâche). Les contributions portent sur la planification de mission avec prise en compte de contraintes temporelles et du non-déterminisme, la coopération multi-robot, la planification des tâches de manipulation, ainsi que la planification de stratégies de déplacement pour un robot mobile en présence d'incertitudes. La dernière partie présente la réalisation effective de systèmes robotiques complets démontrant les capacités développées et servant de support de validation et d'aiguillons exigeants à l'extension de ces mêmes capacités.
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Yang, Ying. "Dynamic Obstacle-Avoidance Human-Robot Collaboration System for Industry Robots". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285545.
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Nowadays, human-robot collaboration technologies are realized in controlling different typesof robots in industry. Even now the current robot technology is very advanced, due to therobot's freedom space and complex operating environment, which makes robot pathplanning issues more complicated. Human-robot collaboration is the trend for industrialfactories in the future，as it both provides the accuracy of robots and the flexibility of thehuman. In this case, combining robot technology with computer virtual control and simulationplatforms makes it possible to carry out research on robots without a real robot.Obstacle avoidance of a robot arm is an important factor to be considered in the pathplanning for industry production. When there is any obstacle, like if human appears in theoperating environment, real-time detection of obstacles can effectively prevent the roboticarm from colliding with the obstacle.Based on a literature review about current path planning algorithms and the applied situation,this master thesis concentrates on developing a system with an improved path planningmethod called T-RRT(Transition-based Rapidly-exploring Random Tree) to realize that thissystem can prevent the robot from the obstacle collision in real-time. This thesis provides abasic prototype about dynamic avoidance in a simulation environment both with the respectto the obstacles and the Universal Robot 5. The results show that the T-RRT algorithm caneffectively plan a new path when there is any obstruction in the ongoing path. Besides, thedetection secure distance represented by a bounding box will change along with the speedof the obstacle.Nuförtiden realiseras teknologier för människa-robot-samarbet för att styra olika typer avrobotar i industrin. Redan nuvarande robotteknik är mycket avancerad, på grund av robotensfrihetsgrader och komplexa driftsmiljö, vilket gör att rörelseplanering mer komplicerat.Robotar som samarbetar med människor är en trend för framtidens industrifabriker, eftersomdet kombinerar robotarnas noggrannhet med människans flexibilitet. I detta fall är det möjligtatt utveckla robotteknik utan tillgång till en riktig robot, genom att kombinera robotteknik medvirtuella datorstyrda simuleringsplattformar.Att undvika kollisioner med hinder, är en viktig fråga, när man planerar robotrörelse förindustriproduktion. När det finns ett hinder, till expempel om en människa befinner sig iarbetsmiljön, kan realtidsdetektering av hinder förhindra robotarmen från att kollidera medhindret.Baserat på en litteraturstudie om aktuella rörelseplaneringsalgoritmer och den tillämpadesituationen, fokuserar denna masteruppsats på att utveckla ett system med en förbättradrörelseplaneringsmetod som kallas T-RRT (Transition-based Rapidly-exploring RandomTree) för att förhindra roboten från kollision med hinder, i realtid. Denna avhandling ger engrundläggande prototyp som dynamiskt förhindrar kollistioner, i en simuleringsmiljön med etthinder och en Universal Robot 5. Resultatet visar att T-RRT-algoritmen effektivt kan planeraen ny rörelseväg när det finns någon hinder i den pågående vägen. Dessutom ändras detdetekteringssäkra avståndet, representerat av en avgränsningsbox, beroende på hindretshastighet.
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Krasny, Darren P. "Evolving dynamic maneuvers in a quadruped robot". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133296951.
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Bishop, Russell C. "A Method for Generating Robot Control Systems". Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1222394834.
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Sorour, Mohamed. "Motion discontinuity-robust controller for steerable wheeled mobile robots". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS090/document.
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Les robots mobiles à roues orientables gagnent de la mobilité en employant des roues conventionnelles entièrement orientables, comportant deux joints actifs, un pour la direction et un autre pour la conduite. En dépit d'avoir seulement un degré de mobilité (DOM) (défini ici comme degrés de liberté instantanément autorisés DOF), correspondant à la rotation autour du centre de rotation instantané (ICR), ces robots peuvent effectuer des trajectoires planaires complexes de $ 2D $. Ils sont moins chers et ont une capacité de charge plus élevée que les roues non conventionnelles (par exemple, Sweedish ou Omni-directional) et, en tant que telles, préférées aux applications industrielles. Cependant, ce type de structure de robot mobile présente des problèmes de contrôle textit {basic} difficiles de la coordination de la direction pour éviter les combats d'actionneur, en évitant les singularités cinématiques (ICR à l'axe de la direction) et les singularités de représentation (du modèle mathématique). En plus de résoudre les problèmes de contrôle textit {basic}, cette thèse attire également l'attention et présente des solutions aux problèmes de textit {niveau d'application}. Plus précisément, nous traitons deux problèmes: la première est la nécessité de reconfigurer "de manière discontinue" les articulations de direction, une fois que la discontinuité dans la trajectoire du robot se produit. Une telle situation - la discontinuité dans le mouvement du robot - est plus susceptible de se produire de nos jours, dans le domaine émergent de la collaboration homme-robot. Les robots mobiles qui fonctionnent à proximité des travailleurs humains en mouvement rapide rencontrent généralement une discontinuité dans la trajectoire calculée en ligne. Le second apparaît dans les applications nécessitant que l'angle de l'angle soit maintenu, certains objets ou fonctionnalités restent dans le champ de vision (p. Ex., Pour les tâches basées sur la vision) ou les changements de traduction. Ensuite, le point ICR est nécessaire pour déplacer de longues distances d'un extrême de l'espace de travail à l'autre, généralement en passant par le centre géométrique du robot, où la vitesse du robot est limitée. Dans ces scénarios d'application, les contrôleurs basés sur l'ICR à l'état de l'art conduiront à des comportements / résultats insatisfaisants. Dans cette thèse, nous résolvons les problèmes de niveau d'application susmentionnés; à savoir la discontinuité dans les commandes de vitesse du robot et une planification meilleure / efficace pour le contrôle du mouvement du point ICR tout en respectant les limites maximales de performance des articulations de direction et en évitant les singularités cinématiques et représentatives. Nos résultats ont été validés expérimentalement sur une base mobile industrielleSteerable wheeled mobile robots gain mobility by employing fully steerable conventional wheels, having two active joints, one for steering, and another for driving. Despite having only one degree of mobility (DOM) (defined here as the instantaneously accessible degrees of freedom DOF), corresponding to the rotation about the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR), such robots can perform complex $2D$ planar trajectories. They are cheaper and have higher load carrying capacity than non-conventional wheels (e.g., Sweedish or Omni-directional), and as such preferred for industrial applications. However, this type of mobile robot structure presents challenging textit{basic} control issues of steering coordination to avoid actuator fighting, avoiding kinematic (ICR at the steering joint axis) and representation (from the mathematical model) singularities. In addition to solving the textit{basic} control problems, this thesis also focuses attention and presents solutions to textit{application level} problems. Specifically we deal with two problems: the first is the necessity to "discontinuously" reconfigure the steer joints, once discontinuity in the robot trajectory occurs. Such situation - discontinuity in robot motion - is more likely to happen nowadays, in the emerging field of human-robot collaboration. Mobile robots working in the vicinity of fast moving human workers, will usually encounter discontinuity in the online computed trajectory. The second appears in applications requiring that some heading angle is to be maintained, some object or feature stays in the field of view (e.g., for vision-based tasks), or the translation verse changes. Then, the ICR point is required to move long distances from one extreme of the workspace to the other, usually passing by the robot geometric center, where the feasible robot velocity is limited. In these application scenarios, the state-of-art ICR based controllers will lead to unsatisfactory behavior/results. In this thesis, we solve the aforementioned application level problems; namely discontinuity in robot velocity commands, and better/efficient planning for ICR point motion control while respecting the maximum steer joint performance limits, and avoiding kinematic and representational singularities. Our findings has been validated experimentally on an industrial mobile base
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Forsgren, Adam, Anton Forss, Fredrik Isaksson, Johan Malgerud i Johan Tideman. "Självbalanserande Robot – Balansering av tvåhjulig robot med propellrar". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184180.
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Detta projekt har gått ut på att bygga en självbalanserande robot på två hjul som autonomt ska kunna köra 10-30 meter rakt fram, detektera en svart linje på marken och sedan stanna och fortsätta hålla balansen. Vi valde en cykelkonstruktion med en propellerbestyckad vinge för balansering. Två propellrar regleras av en PID-regulator med hjälp av signaler från en accelerometer och ett gyro. Framdriften sker med en DC-motor kopplad till framhjulet. En reflexionssensor används för detekteringen av den svarta linjen och hela framdrivningen styrs via IR-fjärrkontroll.The goal of this project was to build a self-balancing robot on two wheels that autonomously can drive 10-30 meters, detect a black line on the ground and then stop while still upholding balance. We chose a bike-like construction with a propeller-mounted wing for balancing. Two propellers are regulated by a PID-regulator aided by an accelerometer and a gyro. Propulsion is done by a DC-motor on the front wheel. A reflex sensor is used to detect the black line and the whole propulsion system is remote controlled by IR.
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IHRFELT, FREDRIK, i WILLIAM MARIN. "Self-balancing robot : WiFi steerable self-balancing robot". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279821.
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This bachelor thesis aims to investigate the viability of using two wheeled self-balancing robots for package deliveries. The movement of the two wheeled self-balancing robot resembles the human movement more than a traditional four wheeled vehicle. The goal of the report is to build a selfbalancing robot to investigate how far from the center axis a weight can be added, as well as what the response time of a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) connection for steering the robot is and how it compares to a Bluetooth connection. Balance of the robot was achieved by using a Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) controller with inputs from a gyroscope and accelerometer. Stepper motors were used to maneuver the robot. When the robot was constructed tests were performed to evaluate how far from the center axis a weight could be added. A test was also performed to evaluate the WiFi connection response time with regard to the distance between the operator and the robot, as well as the maximum range and how it compares to Bluetooth. The results showed that a one kilogram weight could be added five centimeters from the center axis, that the response time was around 10-20 milliseconds for a distance up to 35 meters. A WiFi connection has a longer range compared to Bluetooth and also has a lower response time.Denna rapport strävar efter att undersöka möjligheterna av att använda en själv-balanserande robot för paketleveranser. Rörelsen av en tvåhjulig själv-balanserande robot liknar den mänskliga rörelsen mer än ett traditionellt fyrhjuligt fordon. Målet med rapporten är att bygga en självbalanserande robot för att undersöka hur långt från dess centeraxel en vikt kan placeras, samt undersöka vilken responstid som uppnås med en Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)-länk och hur en WiFi-länk jämför med en Bluetooth-länk. Balans uppnåddes genom att använda en Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) regulator med input från ett gyroskop och en accelerometer. Stegmotorer användes för att manövrera roboten. När roboten hade konstruerats utfördes tester för att undersöka hur långt från centrumaxeln en vikt kunde placeras. Ett test utfördes för att undersöka responstiden för en WiFi-länk med avseende på avståndet mellan operatör och robot, samt att undersöka den maximala räckvidden och jämföra den mot Bluetooth. Resultaten visade att en vikt på ett kilogram kunde placeras fem centimeter från centeraxeln, att responstiden var ungefär 10-20 millisekunder för avstånd upp till 35 meter. En WiFi-länk har en längre räckvidd än Bluetooth och kortare responstid.
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Linge, Simon. "Robots in Hospitals : How could a robot in a hospital look like?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160857.
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Hospitals are crucial aspects of society, run by incredible people that dedicate their life to caring for others. However, there are several tasks that are vital to a hospitals operation that do not require an empathic competence. One such tasks is the continuous resupply of consumable items needed to maintain necessary hygiene levels. The Pluto concept act as a helping hand to the assistant nurses, relieving them and enabling them to spend more time with the patients and emphasizes their empathic, inherently human capabilities. The chief motivation is that nurses value the interaction with the patients the most in their work, which is also their primary task. However, they are charged with so many menial tasks that they have little time to care for their patients.
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Rybár, Šimon. "Konstrukce průmyslového robotu typu "SCARA" s elektrickými pohony základního kinematického řetězce, umístěnými na základně robotu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254412.
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The theme of the thesis is a structural design of the robotic system SCARA. Thesis at the start clarifies the definition of robots and industrial robots. Next it deals with kinematic structures, from basic to more advnced structures, including SCARA type robot. The next chapter describes parts used in design of industrial robots. In the fourth chapter, the table provides an overview of currently available SCARA robots and their attributes. The rest of the thesis itself consists of machine design from determining the required parameters to 3D design. This section also contains extensive computational parts and justifies the choice of the components.
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Huang, Chien-Ming. "Joint attention in human-robot interaction". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41196.
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Joint attention, a crucial component in interaction and an important milestone in human development, has drawn a lot of attention from the robotics community recently. Robotics researchers have studied and implemented joint attention for robots for the purposes of achieving natural human-robot interaction and facilitating social learning. Most previous work on the realization of joint attention in the robotics community has focused only on responding to joint attention and/or initiating joint attention. Responding to joint attention is the ability to follow another's direction of gaze and gestures in order to share common experience. Initiating joint attention is the ability to manipulate another's attention to a focus of interest in order to share experience. A third important component of joint attention is ensuring, where by the initiator ensures that the responders has changed their attention. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work explicitly addressing the ability for a robot to ensure that joint attention is reached by interacting agents. We refer to this ability as ensuring joint attention and recognize its importance in human-robot interaction.
We propose a computational model of joint attention consisting of three parts: responding to joint attention, initiating joint attention, and ensuring joint attention. This modular decomposition is supported by psychological findings and matches the developmental timeline of humans. Infants start with the skill of following a caregiver's gaze, and then they exhibit imperative and declarative pointing gestures to get a caregiver's attention. Importantly, as they aged and social skills matured, initiating actions often come with an ensuring behavior that is to look back and forth between the caregiver and the referred object to see if the caregiver is paying attention to the referential object.
We conducted two experiments to investigate joint attention in human-robot interaction. The first experiment explored effects of responding to joint attention. We hypothesize that humans will find that robots responding to joint attention are more transparent, more competent, and more socially interactive. Transparency helps people understand a robot's intention, facilitating a better human-robot interaction, and positive perception of a robot improves the human-robot relationship. Our hypotheses were supported by quantitative data, results from questionnaire, and behavioral observations. The second experiment studied the importance of ensuring joint attention. The results confirmed our hypotheses that robots that ensure joint attention yield better performance in interactive human-robot tasks and that ensuring joint attention behaviors are perceived as natural behaviors by humans. The findings suggest that social robots should use ensuring joint attention behaviors.
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Nilsson, Fredrik. "Balanserande robot". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19742.
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Denna rapport behandlar utveckling av en tvåhjulig balanserande robot. En PID-regulator är implementerad i en mikrokontroller, som även AD-omvandlar en sensorsignal, samt styr motorer via H-bryggor med pulsbreddsmodulering. I rapporten förklaras framtagning av diskret PID-regulator, processorkort, motorkort, val av komponenter och sensor för att mäta robotens vinkel mot ett vertikalplan.
Roboten kan balansera stillastående, men behöver kompletteras ytterligare med hjulåterkoppling för att kunna balansera medan den kör. Roboten balanserar med mätdata från en mekanisk golvavkännare (potentiometer). Andra sorters sensorer diskuteras också, t ex accelerometer, gyro och optisk sensor.
This report explain the development of a two wheel balancing robot. A PID-regulator is implemented in a microcontroller, which also AD-converts a sensor signal, and generate pulse width modulated signals to drive H-bridges. It is discussed how to develop a discretisized PID regulator, microcontroller and H-bridge circuit boards, as well as how to chose components and suitable sensors for measuring the robots angle against a vertical plane.
The robot is able to balance on its own when standing still, but it need to have feedback from its wheel position if it should be able to maintain balancing when moving. The robot use a mechanical floor feeler (potentiometer). Other sensors are also discussed, e g accelerometer, rate gyro and optical sensor.
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Kovrigin, O. O. "WIFI robot". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26005.
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Wifi Robot: A remote control car that can be driven over the internet or with a laptop (in future with smartphone based on Android) wirelessly from up to 500m away. It has a live-feed network camera so that it can be driven without line of sight and a horn so that you can honk at people (FPV).
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26005
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Absalyamov, Artur, i Jimmy Gladh. "Navigation Robot". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och system, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416934.
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Journeying into the information era the need for new technologies used forsending vast amounts of data eciently has risen, as has the possibilities and needfor dierent types of AI-controlled robots. In this project a RC-car was modiedand equipped with a Raspberry PI and laser radar to let it automatically navigatearound a room using UWB transmitters and receivers. A framework for roboticapplications called ROS, Robot Operating System, was used with a large numberof open source packages to ll dierent functions. Custom scripts was created totie everything together, allowing all dierent components in the system to work inunison.
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Mälberg, Filip, i Linda Truong. "Feeding Robot". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226671.
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This project considers a construction of a robot arm thatfollows a specific pattern to detect food. To thereafterreach a position which illustrates the position of a person’smouth. Due to limited time during this project the robothas no gripper to grab the food. To find food on a specificarea, a distance sensor was required. Therefor, anultrasonic sensor was used where it was fasten to a servomotor. The servo motor enabled the ultrasonic sensor toalways face down while searching for food. To achieve aprecise motion and position during the movement pattern aPID-regulator was implemented. An experiment was doneto compare how different controllers affected the systemon different angular distances. With modeling the systemand implementing pole placement control the theoreticalparameters were calculated. To steer the DC motors a feedbackof the current position needed to be known, this wassolved using potentiometers. All torque transmission wasdone by wires, which was an advantage for this project dueto the large weight of motors. The final outcome accomplishedto follow the given pattern in a suitable way anddetect a piece of food.Denna rapport omfattar en konstruktion av en robotarmoch dess rörelse att följa ett specifikt mönster för att detekteramat. Därefter sträcka sig till en position som illustreraren människas mun. Då avsedd tid för detta arbetevar begränsat, konstruerades roboten utan en gripare.För att hitta mat i ett avgränsat område, krävdes en avståndssensor. Därför valdes en ultraljudssensor som fästesp°a en servomotor. Servomotorn gjorde det möjligt för ultraljudssensornatt alltid vara riktad nedåt under sökandetefter mat. För att uppnå en precis rörelse och position undermönstret, implementerades en PID-regulator. Ett experimentutfördes för jämförelse av hur olika regulatorerpåverkade systemet på olika vinkelavstånd. De teoretiskaparametrarna beräknades med hjälp av modellering av systemetoch polplacering. För att styra DC motorerna måsterobotarmens position vara känd, detta löstes med potentiometrar.All kraftmoment överfördes genom vajrar, vilketvar en fördel för detta projekt på grund av den tungavikten på motorerna. Slutresultatet av konstruktionen lyckadesfölja det givna mönstret och detektera mat på ettlämpligt vis.
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LAURENT, EMELIE, i MAGNUS RAMSKÖLD. "Sodoku Robot". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279828.
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Sudoku is a popular puzzle game where the aim is to fill a board with numbers from one to nine with some mathematical rules to obey. The difficulty level of a Sudoku is affected by the amount of digits in the beginning, called clues. Mathematically there exists different algorithms and methods to solve a Sudoku. In this project some of the methods are investigated and compered to each other in time to find the fastest and most suitable for this project. A construction was built to be able to print out a non solved puzzle. Due to the current situation in society with Covid-19, the project has been affected negatively. The construction became very time consuming due to lack of tools and material. That affected the finished construction and the implementation of the code written in Python. After all the robot was able to print a Sudoku puzzle that can be solved. The printing time was decreased to 3 minutes after some tests with different delays. All the research questions were answered and the goal of the project which was to be able to print a Sudoku was reached.Sudoku är ett populärt pussel där målet är att fylla i ett rutnät med siffror från ett till nio med vissa matematiska regler att följa. Svårighetsgraden av ett sudoku påverkas av antalet siffror från början, ledtrådar. Matematiskt finns det olika algoritmer och metoder för att lösa ett sudoku. I det här projektet undersöktes några metoder och jämfördes tidsmässigt med varandra för att hitta den snabbaste och mest passande för det här projektet. En konstruktion byggdes för att kunna skriva ut ett icke löst pussel. På grund av den rådande situationen i samhället med Covid19 så har projektet påverkats negativt. Konstruktionen blev väldigt tidskrävande på grund av brist på verktyg och material. Detta påverkade den slutgiltiga konstruktionen och implementeringen av koden skriven i Python. Trots allt så kunde roboten skriva ut ett Sudoku som kan lösas. Tiden att skriva ut ett Sudoku minskades till 3 minuter efter ett antal tester med olika fördröjningar. Alla forskningsfrågor kunde besvaras och målet med projektet som var att kunna skriva ut ett Sudoku nåddes.
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Hedvall, Axel, i Filip Rydén. "Omnidirectional Robot". Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296257.
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Robots are being used more and more in today’s society. These robots need to be mobile and have a good understanding of their surroundings. This bachelor’s thesis in mechatronics aims to see how a mobile robot can be constructed, and how it can best map its surroundings. The robot was built to have three omni wheels to allow it to move freely in the plane and stepper motors to provide accurate movement. Ultrasonic sensors were placed around the robot to be used as a tool to determine its surroundings. The brain of the robot was an Arduino UNO, which with the help of an ESP-01, communicated with aserver over Wi-Fi. The server received the data from the ultrasonic senors and drew a map on a web page. Multiple test were made to evaluate the different systems. The robot moved really well and with high precision after some tweaking. The ultrasonic sensors were also very precise and the communication between the robot and the server worked very well. All the different systems were combined to make the robot move autonomously. The robot could navigate by itself and avoid obstacles. Although the mapping worked from a technical point of view, it was hard to read and could be done better.Robotar är något som används mer och mer i dagens moderna samhälle. Dessa robotar behöver vara mobila och haen god uppfattning om miljön de befinner sig i. Detta kandidatexamensarbete inom mekatronik ska undersöka hur en mobil robot kan byggas, och hur den kan kartlägga miljönden befinner sig i. Roboten som konstruerades hade tre omnihjul för att kunna röra sig fritt längs markplanet och stegmotorer för precis drift. Ultraljudsensorer placerades runt om roboten för att ge den en uppfattning av omgivningen. Hjärnan i roboten var en Arduino UNO som med hjälp av en ESP-01 kommunicerade över Wi-Fi till en server. Servern tog emotsensordata från roboten och ritade upp det som en karta ien webbläsare. Det utfördes tester för att utvärdera de olika delsystemen. Driften på roboten fungerade utmärkt med god precisionefter några iterationer. Ultraljudsensorerna hade också godprecision och kommunikationen mellan roboten och servern fungerade mycket bra. De olika delsystemen kombinerades för att ge roboten självkörning. Roboten kunde navigera själv och undvika hinder. Trots att kartan fungeradeur ett tekniskt perspektiv så var den svårtydd och kunde förbättrats.