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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Road users- Highway"
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Solanki, Pratik, i Sunil Sharma. "Performance Rating of National Highways Based on Road User Perspective – A Case Study of Kalka–Shimla Highway". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1084, nr 1 (1.10.2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1084/1/012055.
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Abstract The road network plays the most important role in the development of India’s infrastructure. Through the initiative of rating national highways, we will be able to set standards for quality highway services, and as a result, road users will receive excellent value for their money. Moreover, better quality Indian Highways will lead to safer travel experiences and consequently result in fewer road accidents and fatalities. The effort for evaluating the roads was done by US Department of Transportation in 1950s as has been highlighted in the Highway Sufficiency Rating Manual of 1952. However, these ratings were based only on efficiency and safety parameters, completely neglecting the user perspective and services. As the road users gain access to information about products and services in real time over the internet, they are more empowered than ever before. Thus, the performance evaluation of a highway stretch must include additional aspects associated with the user experience. This paper examines the real-time problems they face along the journey. National Highway authority of India (NHAI) and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MORTH) of India have framed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for assessment and rating of 4-6 lanes divided carriageway NHs based on road user perspective. Road user perspective carries a 20 per cent weightage in overall highway efficiency. A questionnaire survey was taken as part of the road user perspective study on the Kalka-Shimla NH No. 5 in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. The highway scored 17.1 marks out of 20 based on users’ response, representing an 85.5% score, and indicating minor deficiencies regarding the selected highway facilities.
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Zanjad, Pratiksha. "Study of Smart Road with Glowing Lines". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr VII (15.07.2021): 1077–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36514.
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In today’s globalized world, highway is the means to join countries, cities, towns etc. In recent years all the old technologies changed into new technology. All the things are changed but highways are not changed. The "Smart Highway with glowing lines" is the concept to make highway roads smarter, safer, and more energy efficient for generating energy using solar energy. In the part of Smart Highways with Glowing Lines the road glow in the dark lines is installed, called Glowing Lines. These lines collect energy during the day and give light in the evening. Here the landscape becomes an experience of light and information. As a result, this increases visibility and safety. Smart highways and smart roads are terms for a number of different proposals to incorporate technologies into roads like Smart Road with Glowing Lines, for lighting road at Night Time. This innovative concept creates an entirely new mobility experience for drivers, cyclists and pedestrians. Ideas from this testing ground are increasingly becoming part of our everyday landscape. Intelligent transportation systems usually refer to the use of information and communication technologies in the fields of road transport, including infrastructure, vehicles, users, traffic management and mobility management as well as interfaces with other modes of transport. This clearly shows that mobility can be smarter, more interactive and more sustainable without having to widen roads or lay more rail connections. It is simply a case of putting demand first.
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Sharma, Satish C., Akhtarhusein Tayebali i Afifi H. Soliman. "Some implications of the new speed–volume curves to highway user cost and sizing of roads". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, nr 2 (1.04.1986): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-032.
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This paper investigates some implications of the speed–volume relationships for two-lane rural highways as proposed in the new edition of the U.S. Highway Capacity Manual, which is expected to be completed soon. The effect of the new speed–volume curves on road user costs is analysed by considering the case of Alberta Transportation. The analysis carried out in this paper indicates that the new speed–volume curves, when employed with the traditional values of other variables, such as vehicle running costs and value of travel time, produce cost–volume relationships that might appear unacceptable from both the highway agencies' and the road users' perspective. To overcome such a limitation it is suggested that a cost of comfort and convenience should be computed and added to the user cost.Basing their proposal on a survey of Alberta households and the actual practice of road sizing by Alberta Transportation, the authors present a generalized mathematical model to estimate the cost of comfort and convenience. The structure of the model and its independent variables include the considerations of (a) the relative importance of driving comfort as perceived by road users, (b) the unsatisfied demand (overtaking demand minus actual overtaking) curve, (c) the type of road use, (d) volume-to-capacity ratio, (e) desired highway speed, and (f) vehicle classification. The paper discusses and demonstrates how this model can be calibrated and used for economic analysis for designing and upgrading of rural highways. Key words: transportation, highway economic analysis, road user costs, cost of comfort, speed–volume curves, highway design.
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Techtonia, Mayskhye, i A. M. Tri Anggraini. "ANALISIS TANGGUNG JAWAB PELAKU USAHA PT. JASA MARGA TERHADAP PELANGGARAN HAK KESELAMATAN KONSUMEN PENGGUNA JALAN TOL DITINJAU DARI PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 15 TAHUN 2005 TENTANG JALAN TOL." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, nr 2 (30.01.2019): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i2.2910.
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Roads are one of the most important transportation infrastructures in people's lives and have an important role in the efforts to develop the life of the nation and state, especially the construction of toll roads that are safe and comfortable for journeys. But along with the development of the era, resulting in many problems that occur related to toll road safety, so the question arises: How is legal protection for consumers of toll road users in the right to safety on the highway? And How the Responsibilities of Business Actors PT. Jasa Marga regarding violations of consumer safety of toll road users in terms of Government Regulation Number 15 of 2005 concerning toll roads? As normative legal protection road users a toll had been arranged in several regulations which includes government regulation number 15 of 2005 and completed explicitly by law number 8 of 1999 on consumer protection. But what envisaged in the regulation in protecting and responsibility of have been given by PT. Jasa Marga not fully been implemented especially consumers road users toll in the soles safety on the highway
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Olkhova, Maria. "ROAD STUDS. HISTORY OF ORIGIN. TECHNICAL ANALYSIS AND THE ROLE IN TRAFFIC SAFETY". Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 1, nr 265 (25.03.2021): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2021-1-265-56-63.
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Road studs is dotted devices with retroreflective elements or internal light sources fixed or embedded in the pavement of carriage way and / or on the roadside and by light signals warn, inform or guide road users in conditions of insufficient lighting. Road studs are intended for improving the visual orientation of drivers at dark time of the day and in adverse weather conditions on the highways, streets and roads of settlements. According to statistics, about 50% of all traffic accidents and accidents with fatalities and / or injuries occur on the highways in the dark time (night, morning and evening twilights). First road studs occurred on the roads in 1947. The inventor, Percy Shaw, had patented the device and opened his own factory for its production. After that their mass production, improvement and distribution worldwide, including Ukraine started. After the analysis of road studs usage in different countries, a new edition of GOST was developed, which allow considering in detail the location, requirements for color, installation methods, forms of the road studs, etc. According to foreign experts, the retro reflectivity is important for visual orientation in the dark time and has a positive impact on the traffic safety. Usage of retroreflective elements on the highways will increase the visibility of path of movement and stationary objects, which will significantly improve the safety of road users. Keywords: road studs, retroreflective elements, road safety, road accidents, highway.
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Maji, Avijit, i Manoj K. Jha. "Highway Alignment Optimization Using Cost-Benefit Analysis Under User Equilibrium". International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 2, nr 4 (październik 2011): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joris.2011100102.
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Usually, selection of a highway alignment depends on an economical route that minimizes alignment sensitive costs, such as construction cost, user cost, right-of-way cost, and earthwork cost. Most of the available highway alignment optimization algorithms do not consider traffic assignment and distribution of traffic as a result of the new road network consisting of the new alignment as well as other pre-existing alignments. Constructing a new highway will ease the traffic in the existing road network. Based on Wardrop’s principle, the users will choose a route that will minimize their travel-time. Users will unilaterally shift to the available routes for their benefit and thus, traffic flow will attain equilibrium. Theoretically, the equilibrium of traffic flow between the existing highway and the newly designed highway alternative can be achieved by a user equilibrium model. A new methodology is developed in this paper to optimize a new three-dimensional highway alignment based on the existing highway alignment system information using a cost-benefit analysis approach. The results are quite promising for new road design and bypass construction since benefit maximization and cost minimization is performed simultaneously while attaining user equilibrium.
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Ali Muhammad Anwar, John Engbonye Sani, Isa Ibrahim Hassan, Abubakar Ahmad Shehu, Rowland Bologi Ahiome i Badamasi Abdulrahman. "Effect of defects on highway quality". World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 5, nr 2 (30.04.2022): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2022.5.2.0050.
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This study investigates the causes, effects and remedies to defects on highway as it affects quality along Pipeline road in Kamazo, Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The methods used in data collection are, GIS used in mapping the congested area, use of questionnaire and oral interview. One hundred (100) copies of questionnaires were administered to drivers and passengers using the road, in which Cross-Tabulation and 5-point Likert Scale was used for the analysis. Common defects observed are: Potholes, cracks, silt deposit on roadway, honey combs, depression, grasses on shoulders, scouring, fade markings, road signs, vegetation in hydraulic structures, structural failure of hydraulic structures, loss of materials, failed pavement, etc. Common causes of quality defects on highways are: High volume and frequency of heavy duty trucks; roadway as predominant mode of transportation; Lack of maintenance culture; Poor budget allocation for maintenance. Poor funding; defective Design; Poor construction; Defective constructional materials; Poor supervision; Poor drainage system; Defective implementation of QC/QA protocols; Age of road, etc. Common effects of quality defects on highways are: Defective road quality; Inability to forecast travel time; Fuel consumption; Induces stress on road users; Frequent vehicle breakdown on the roadway; High cost of transportation fare indices for inflation; Loss of time on the roads; Accident; Defective distribution of goods and services; Defective security emergency response, etc. Possible remedies to these defects are: provision of adequate funding to maintenance agencies; collate data from monitoring and evaluation; schedule and plan for maintenance; diversify travel modes; improve on QA/QC required for roadwork; provide coordinated and computerized weigh bridge and regular collection of axle loads data; tax vehicles according to axle load beyond certain boundaries to generate fund required to maintain roads; road markings and furniture to be in place; provision of lightings; quality supervision; use of quality materials to required standard & specifications; adopt build-operate-transfer (road retainer ship).
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PAMUNGKAS, Yulius Harya, Moch BAKRI, Prija DJATMIKA i Rachmad SAFA'AT. "Criminal Policy in The Management of Road Traffic Accidents". PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 4, nr 2 (31.08.2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i2.156.
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Acceleration in modern life requires acceleration, including acceleration on the highway. The accumulation of interests that are centralized on this highway creates a conflict of interest that ends in material loss or loss of life. Many road users do not realize that the legal consequences of negligence are categorized as criminal acts because they cause others to suffer. Legal politics the issuance of Law Number 22of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation as an embodiment of criminal policy to provide legal protection and legal certainty for citizens who are casualties of road traffic accidents. Through criminal policy, it is expected that there will be order, smoothness, security in road traffic and legal certainty and legal protection for road users.
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Hayes, Ian F., i Ross L. Goldingay. "Use of fauna road-crossing structures in north-eastern New South Wales". Australian Mammalogy 31, nr 2 (2009): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09007.
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The vast network of roads around the world has had a significant effect on wildlife and ecosystems through habitat fragmentation, reduced dispersal and mortality by collision with vehicles. Road agencies worldwide now frequently install dedicated structures to facilitate the safe crossing of roads by wildlife. We conducted surveys to determine the use of dedicated wildlife overpasses and nearby underpasses at two locations on the Pacific Highway in north-eastern New South Wales. Road-kill surveys were conducted to provide some understanding of the species commonly killed and whether the rate of road-kill was lower at one location where crossing-structures were located. Use of the crossing-structures by wildlife was monitored with sand-transects. The most frequent users were macropods, bandicoots and rodents. Macropods made greater use of overpasses (n = 104 tracks) than underpasses (n = 36), whereas underpasses were used more by bandicoots (n = 87) and rodents (n = 82) than were overpasses (n = 28, n = 15, respectively). We identified 78 road-kills of 21 species on two sections of the Pacific Highway over a 7-week period. Bandicoots (n = 16) and macropods (n = 9) were the most frequently observed victims. The mortality of wildlife was lower along the highway section with the crossing-structures (0.04 road-kills km–1) than it was along the highway section without structures (0.15 road-kills km–1). The lack of replication precludes any firm conclusion that the crossing-structures reduced road mortality but the high level of use of the crossing-structures by species that were common victims of road-kill suggests an influence.
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Dwiyantara, Arga, Anton Budiharjo i Djarot Suradji. "Sistem Informasi Penilaian Keselamatan Jalan Tol Dengan Menggunakan Star Rating Berbasis Webgis (Studi Kasus : Jalan Tol Cikopo-Palimanan)". Jurnal Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan (Indonesian Journal of Road Safety) 6, nr 1 (1.06.2019): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46447/ktj.v6i1.40.
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The highway is one solution to improve the smoothness of the traffic. Service with a verysmall side constraints make this road used as an option for road users to get to thedestination quickly. Ho wever, with the increase in the highway users, then the level ofhighway services should be tailored to the needs of the service. Based on those deemed toogeneral to be used in assessing the safety performance of highway infrastructure. Based onthese problems required great value for each of the indicators that affect highway safety anddesign of Information Systems Highway Safety Assessment. With the aim of the study,appropriate research methods is the method of Research and Development, known by theterm Research and Development (R & D). After the analysis, it can be seen that the impactof the highway Cipali each section has a value range between 60-100 and star rating on thehighway Cipali that there are 3 and 4 in each section.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Road users- Highway"
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Burde, Adrian. "A Study on Road Users' Overall Perceptions of Highway Maintenance Service Quality and the Variables that Define the Highway Maintenance Service Quality Domain". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29363.
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The concept of involving the public in the development of transportation solutions was built in the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, the legislation that authorized the construction of the Interstate Highway System. Better plans, transparent process, and public support are some of the benefits that road managers can obtain by educating and involving the general public. During the last two decades the volume of research performed related to the topic of customer-driven highway maintenance suggests an increasing level of interest in the field. Most research concentrates on gathering information from road users to assess the performance level of highways. However, public opinion can also be collected for measuring the quality of the service delivered by maintenance units. Assessing product and service delivery performance is important for determining the overall performance of highway maintenance programs. The present study examines the relationship between road users' overall perceptions of the quality of highway maintenance services and the variables that define the highway maintenance service quality domain. The results of the study indicate that two service dimensions, Safety and Reliability, explain about half of the variance in overall perceptions of highway maintenance service quality. The procedures developed for the study provide an initial step for further improvement of the highway maintenance service quality measurement.Ph. D.
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Ballot, Pierre-Louis. "Identité de la route vs identité des territoires : formes et échelles de la patrimonialisation et de l'appropriation d'un axe fonctionnel national : analyse appliquée à la route nationale 7". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH005.
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Cette thèse souhaite contribuer au renouvellement des approches consacrées à la route en sciences sociales. Considérant la relation réseaux-territoires au prisme de la géographie culturelle, elle ambitionne de montrer que la route ne constitue pas seulement un support de déplacement, mais est dotée de significations pour ses usagers et les territoires traversés. L’hypothèse est que la route constitue une dimension de la territorialité, et conduit à la construction d’une « territorialité mobile », qui appréhende la mobilité comme un facteur de constitution des territoires et des territorialités. La thèse considère le cas des routes nationales françaises, qui ont longtemps compté parmi les principaux axes de communication du pays, et qui depuis les années 1990, font l’objet d’un intérêt patrimonial. Ces routes ne sont alors plus appréhendées uniquement dans leurs dimensions fonctionnelles, mais aussi dans leurs dimensions symboliques. La recherche a porté sur la route nationale 7 (RN7), qui sur 996 kilomètres, relie Paris à Menton (Alpes-Maritimes). Ces rapports territorialités/mobilités sont étudiés dans l’action collective d’acteurs territoriaux pour une part, et dans les pratiques individuelles d’usagers de la route d’autre part. L’entrée par la patrimonialisation permet d’opérer une démarche multiscalaire, en réfléchissant successivement à la construction de la RN7 comme un objet patrimonial, aux formes de mobilisation collective de l’objet route, dans ses acteurs (associations, musées et collectivités locales), ses valeurs et ses objectifs territoriaux, puis à l’appropriation opérée par les usagers. L’emploi de méthodes d’enquête qualitatives conduit d’abord à observer que la construction patrimoniale de la RN7 s’appuie sur des critères de différente nature, à la fois sociétaux, historiques et géographiques. Ces critères sont ensuite réinterprétés et réappropriés par les territoires à travers les actions patrimoniales mises en place. L’appréhension de la RN7 comme un objet patrimonial et sa mobilisation comme un outil de promotion des territoires conduisent à des formes de relation consubstantielles entre la RN7 et les territoires. Enfin, l’analyse du vécu de la RN7 chez des riverains, chauffeurs-routiers et touristes montre que la route constitue une dimension de leur territorialité, qu’elle soit appropriée dans ses dimensions patrimoniales ou fonctionnelles, et que sa pratique relève généralement d’un choix et de stratégies personnelles. Cette thèse permet ainsi de caractériser la place de la route dans la construction d’une « territorialité mobile », en soulignant, d’une part, la signification qu’elle peut donner aux territoires, et, d’autre part, le lien indissociable qu’elle entretient avec les territoires pour acquérir elle-même une significationThis thesis aims to contribute to the renewal of approaches to the road in the social sciences. Considering the relationship between networks and territories through the prism of cultural geography, it aims to show that the road is not only a means of travel, but is also endowed with meanings for its users and the territories it crosses. The hypothesis is that the road constitutes a dimension of territoriality, and leads to the construction of a "mobile territoriality", which apprehends mobility as a factor in the constitution of territories and territorialities. The thesis considers the case of the French national roads, which have long been among the country's main communication axes, and which since the 1990s have been the subject of heritage interest. These roads are no longer considered only in their functional dimensions, but also in their symbolic dimensions. The research focused on the national road 7 (RN7), which over 996 kilometres links Paris to Menton (Alpes-Maritimes). These territoriality/mobility relationships are studied in the collective action of territorial actors on the one hand, and in the individual practices of road users on the other. Entering through heritage enables a multiscalar approach to be taken, by considering successively the construction of the RN7 as a heritage object, the forms of collective mobilisation of the road object, its actors (associations, museums and local authorities), its values and its territorial objectives, and then the appropriation made by users. The use of qualitative survey methods leads first of all to the observation that the construction of heritage on the NR7 is based on criteria of different natures, at once societal, historical and geographical. These criteria are then reinterpreted and reappropriated by the territories through the heritage actions put in place. The understanding of NR7 as a heritage object and its mobilisation as a tool for promoting territories leads to consubstantial forms of relationship between NR7 and territories. Finally, an analysis of the experience of the NR7 among local residents, road drivers and tourists shows that the road is a dimension of their territoriality, whether it is appropriate in its heritage or functional dimensions, and that its practice is generally a matter of personal choice and strategies. This thesis thus makes it possible to characterize the place of the road in the construction of a "mobile territoriality", by underlining, on the one hand, the meaning it can give to territories, and, on the other hand, the inseparable link it maintains with territories in order to acquire meaning itself
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Ates, Ozan K. "A Decision Making Framework for Road User Cost Analysis along Freeway Work Zone Projects". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1389345484.
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Bhatti, Junaid. "Les facteurs environnementaux dans les accidents de la circulation sur des routes interurbaines dans les pays en développement". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21724/document.
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Introduction : La sécurité routière sur le réseau interurbain est un problème majeur de santé publique dans les Pays à Revenu Bas et Moyen (PRBM) mais peu d'attention y a été consacrée. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’évaluer le fardeau des traumatismes en relation avec le trafic interurbain, la déclaration des usagers blessés dans des bases de données différentes, d’analyser l’association entre les facteurs situationnels (caractéristiques physiques et circonstances environnementales) et les sites des accidents et la perception de la dangerosité des tronçons accidentogènes dans les PRBM. Méthodes et résultats : Pour répondre à ces objectifs, cinq études spécifiques ont été réalisées dans deux PRBM, le Cameroun et le Pakistan. L’étude I a évalué le nombre de tués par véhicules-km parcourus et les facteurs qui leur étaient associés, en utilisant les rapports de police entre 2004 et 2007 sur l’axe Yaoundé-Douala, Cameroun. Le taux de mortalité était de 73 par 100 millions véhicules km parcourus, un taux 35 fois plus élevé que sur un même type de route en pays à revenu élevé. La mortalité était plus élevée pour les accidents impliquant des usagers vulnérables, les véhicules roulant en sens opposé et ceux dus à une défaillance mécanique, y compris un éclatement de pneu. L’étude II a évalué les différences de déclaration d’accidents faites par les services de police, d’ambulance et des urgences en 2008 sur l’axe Karachi-Hala, Pakistan. La mortalité était de 53 par 109 véhicules-km parcourus ; le taux de mortalité était 13 fois plus élevé sur cet axe par rapport à un même type de route en France. La police a déclaré un mort sur cinq et un blessé grave sur dix. Les usagers de la route vulnérables, y compris les piétons et deux-roues ont été deux fois moins déclarés par la police que par les services d'ambulance ou des urgences. L’étude III a étudié les facteurs situationnels associés aux sites des accidents sur l’axe Yaoundé-Douala par une approche de type cas-témoins. Les facteurs tels que le profil routier plat (rapport de cotes [RC] ajusté =1,52 ; intervalle de confiance à 95 % [IC95 %]=1,15-2,04), les surfaces irrégulières (RC=1,43 ; IC95 %=1,04-1,99), les obstacles à proximité (RC=1,99 ; IC95 %=1,09-3,63) et les intersections à trois (RC=3,11 ; IC95 %=1,15-8,39) ou à quatre directions (RC=3,23 ; IC95 %=1,51-6,92) étaient significativement associés à des sites d’accidents corporels. De plus, la probabilité des accidents augmentait dans des zones urbaines situées dans des régions de plaine (RC=2,23 ; IC95 %=1,97-2,77). L’étude IV a étudié le fardeau des traumatismes dus aux accidents ainsi que les facteurs associés dans des zones en travaux sur l’axe Karachi-Hala en utilisant les méthodes de cohorte historique. Un tiers de la mortalité routière était survenu dans des zones en travaux et le risque de mortalité était quatre fois plus élevé dans ces zones que dans les autres zones. Un accident sur deux a eu lieu entre des véhicules roulant en sens opposé dans ces zones. L’étude V a étudié la perception de la dangerosité des tronçons accidentogènes (au moins 3 accidents sur 3 ans) et non accidentogènes (aucun accident déclaré) sur les deux axes des précédentes études, en montrant leurs vidéos à des conducteurs volontaires pakistanais. Les conducteurs n’ont perçu comme dangereux que la moitié des tronçons accidentogènes. La perception de la dangerosité des tronçons plats et droits était plus faible par rapport aux tronçons en courbes et avec une pente. La perception de la dangerosité en zone urbaine d’un tronçon accidentogène était significativement moins élevée (RC=0,58 ; IC95 %=0,51-0,68) que celle d’un tronçon non accidentogène ayant la même caractéristique (RC=2,04 ; IC95 %=1,51-2,74). La perception de la dangerosité d’un tronçon accidentogène avec panneau de signalisation était significativement plus élevée (RC=2,75 ; IC95 %=2,38-3,16) par rapport à des tronçons non accidentogènes ayant la même caractéristique (RC=0,50 ; IC95 %=0,34-0,72). Conclusion : Cette thèse montre combien des méthodes épidémiologiques simples, mais novatrices, peuvent être utiles pour évaluer le fardeau des traumatismes par accidents et leurs facteurs de risques dans les PRBM. Ces pays sont confrontés à un énorme fardeau de morbidité routière qui est souvent sous-déclarée dans les données de la police. Un système de surveillance fiable et valide est nécessaire dans les PRBM. De plus, la politique de prévention pourrait être améliorée par une meilleure communication d’information entre les autorités routières et policières concernant les facteurs situationnels. De la même façon, les mesures de sécurité dans les zones en travaux devraient être contrôlées par un système dédié. Enfin, la sécurité routière sur les routes interurbaines dans les PRBM pourrait être améliorée en rendant les routes plus « informant », en particulier avec l’application de mesures peu couteuses telles que les panneaux de signalisations sur les tronçons accidentogènesBackground: Interurban traffic safety is a major public health problem, but has received little attention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The objectives of this thesis were to assess the burden of injury related to interurban traffic, and reporting of these injuries in different datasets, to analyze situational factors (physical characteristics and environmental circumstances) associated with crash sites, and road hazard perception of high-risk crash sites in LMICs. Methods and results: These objectives were assessed in five specific studies conducted in two LMICs, Cameroon and Pakistan. In study I, traffic fatality per vehicle-km and associated crash factors were assessed using police reports for years 2004 to 2007, on the two-lane Yaoundé-Douala road section in Cameroon. Traffic fatality was 73 per 100 million vehicle-km, a rate 35 times higher than a similar road in a high-income country. Fatality was higher for crashes involving vulnerable road users, crashes between oppositely-moving vehicles, and those due to mechanical failure including tyre burst. In study II, traffic injury reporting to police, ambulance, and Emergency Department (ED) in 2008 was assessed, on the four-lane Karachi-Hala road section in Pakistan. Crash fatality was over 53 per 109 vehicle-km, a rate 13 times higher than a similar road in France. Police reported only one out of five fatalities and one out of ten severe injuries. Vulnerable road users were two times less reported in police data than ambulance or ED data. In study III, situational factors associated with injury crash sites were assessed on the Yaoundé-Douala road section, using case-control methods. Factors such as flat road profiles (adjusted Odds Ratios [OR]=1.52; 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]=1.15-2.01), irregular surface conditions (OR=1.43; 95%CI=1.04-1.99), nearby road obstacles (OR=1.99; 95%CI=1.09-3.63), and three- (OR=3.11; 95%CI=1.15-8.39) or four-legged (OR=3.23; 95%CI= 1.51-6.92) intersections were significantly associated with injury crash sites. Furthermore, the likelihood of crash increased with built-up areas situated in plain regions (OR=2.33; 95%CI=1.97-2.77). In study IV, traffic injury burden and factors associated with Highway Work Zones (HWZs) crashes were assessed on the Karachi-Hala road section, using historical cohort methods. HWZs accounted for one third of traffic fatalities, and fatality per vehicle-km was four times higher in HWZs than other zones. One out of two HWZ crashes occurred between oppositely moving vehicles. In study V, hazard perception of high-risk (with ≥ 3 crashes in 3 years) and low-risk sites (no crash reported) from the two above road sections was assessed by showing videos to voluntary Pakistani drivers. Drivers were able to identify only half of the high-risk sites as hazardous. Sites with a flat and straight road profile had a lower hazard perception compared to those with curved and slope road profile. High-risk sites situated in built-up areas were perceived less hazardous (OR = 0.58; 95%CI=0.51-0.68) compared to low-risk sites (OR = 2.04; 95%CI=1.51-2.74) with same road situation. Further, high-risk sites with vertical road signs were more likely to be perceived hazardous (OR = 2.75; 95%CI=2.38-3.16) than low-risk sites (OR = 0.50; 95%CI=0.34-0.72) with such signs. Conclusion: This thesis illustrates how innovative yet simple epidemiological methods can be useful in assessing the injury burden and specific risk factors in LMICs. These countries face a high burden of interurban road injuries, mostly under-reported in police data. A reliable and accurate injury surveillance system is needed in these countries. Moreover, prevention policy can be improved by better information transfer between road and police authorities regarding situational factors. Similarly, a monitoring system is required to examine the HWZ safety interventions in these countries. Lastly, interurban road safety can be improved by making roads self-explaining, especially by implementing low-cost interventions such as vertical signs at high-risk sites
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Pratyaksa, Prabha. "Safety evaluation of converging chevron pavement markings". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47697.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Chevron pavement markings have seen rising interest in the United States as a means to reduce speeds at high-speed locations and improve safety performance. In Atlanta, there are two freeway-to-freeway ramps where chevron markings are being used. A previous study analyzed before-and-after speed data at these ramps and found only a modest reduction on overall vehicle speeds. However, a cursory crash analysis indicated that the ramps had crash reductions of over 60%, suggesting that safety benefits exist even though vehicle speeds are not significantly affected. This research aims to evaluate the safety performance of chevron markings on the two ramps in Atlanta, GA in order to quantify the potential impact of the treatment on safety and to understand the mechanism by which the treatment influences safety.
This thesis begins with a literature review covering topics in human factors in safety, past uses of different types of pavement markings, and methods in using crash databases and police reports in accident studies. Next, the thesis presents an in-depth before and after analysis of crash data from crash databases and police reports provided by the Georgia Department of Transportation. And finally, the thesis concludes with a summary of findings and a discussion of further research needs.
The results verified that there were 73% and 61% crash reductions in the two study ramps. Chevron markings appear to have benefitted all types of crashes and that they are possibly serving as a warning to drivers of potential upcoming hazards. Unavailability of a number of police reports and errors in crash databases were limitations to this study, and ultimately, new sites should be selected carefully and further studies need to be performed to better understand the treatment's benefits.
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jia, jianmin. "Multi-Criteria Evaluation in Support of the Decision-Making Process in Highway Construction Projects". FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3202.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The decision-making process in highway construction projects identifies and selects the optimal alternative based on the user requirements and evaluation criteria. The current practice of the decision-making process does not consider all construction impacts in an integrated decision-making process. This dissertation developed a multi-criteria evaluation framework to support the decision-making process in highway construction projects. In addition to the construction cost and mobility impacts, reliability, safety, and emission impacts are assessed at different evaluation levels and used as inputs to the decision-making process.
Two levels of analysis, referred to as the planning level and operation level, are proposed in this research to provide input to a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) process that considers user prioritization of the assessed criteria. The planning level analysis provides faster and less detailed assessments of the inputs to the MCDM utilizing analytical tools, mainly in a spreadsheet format. The second level of analysis produces more detailed inputs to the MCDM and utilizes a combination of mesoscopic simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment tool, and microscopic simulation tool, combined with other utilities.
The outputs generated from the two levels of analysis are used as inputs to a decision-making process based on present worth analysis and the Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation) MCDM method and the results are compared.
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Gupta, Sumeet. "Estimating risk to road users in highway work zones". Thesis, 2018. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/7986.
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Cho, KeHan, i 卓可涵. "The Effects of Servicescape and Experiential Value on Road Users’ Patronage Intentions for Service Area of Highway". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54175210189347495246.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士東吳大學
企業管理學系
101
The purpose of this study is to explore and verify the effect of Servicescape, Store Atmosphere and Experiential Value of service areas of the highway on the Patronage Intention of road users. A total of 445 valid questionnaires were collected from the highway No.1, No.3 of 6 service area. First, through measure variables confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the fit of each dimension; Second, we used structural equation modeling examination road users behavioral intentions, and to explore the experiential value for store atmosphere and patronage intention mediating effect.The results show that Servicescape, Store Atmosphere, Experience Value have a positive impact on Patronage Intentions. However, Store Atmosphere won’t affect Patronage Intentions without Experiential Value. The Experiential Value also complete mediation between Store Atmosphere and Patronage Intentions. Finally, this study propose some managerial implications and suggestions for highway service area operators as a reference and future research.
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Yung-Sing，Chen i 陳永興. "The research and the application on the users of the road for their favorite landscape – an instance of the Fangshan Road in Ping-e highway of the Hengcun Travel Route". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31717161772349496012.
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碩士樹德科技大學
建築與古蹟維護研究所
96
“The Hengcun Travel Route” is advanced “The Tourist multiplication project” by Executive Yuan in order to challenge the main development project of our country in 2008. It is a one important item of the travel route to improve the landscape of the road. The expectative benefit is to build the international travel condition in south Taiwan, in addition, to push forward the development of tourism in south Taiwan. This study instanced the Ping-e Highway Tai No. 1 from 444k~454k in Fangshan Township; the road is near the seashore (about 10 km), and the protophyte of the south Taiwan which plant by Directorate General of Highways, M.O.T.C during 2006~2008 in order to improve the landscape of the road. Nowadays it is quite popular that tourists go sightseeing by car, for that reason, this study manipulated the scenic beauty estimation method to aim at natural seaside area, artificial structure area, residential area, and cultivation area. Moreover, it distributed the four modes of plants (keeping original form, adding bush, adding arbor, adding multilayer bush and arbor) separately and constituted the mock photographs by computer; it was tie in with questionnaire of vision perception in order to understand and find the relationship between the result of the evaluation that the scenic improvement of the road for the users and their favorite of the beauty quality for the landscape. The result of the evaluation could be a policy decision for the manager, the planner, and the designer, or be a reference of the order to improve the landscape of the road by the plants in the future.
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Yardley, Christopher B. "A study of the use of electronic road signs during 2008 in the Australian Capital Territory : "Are road users seeing the message and is it changing their behaviours of water use?"". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147313.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Road users- Highway"
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County Road Safety Officers' Association., red. A highway code for young road users. [U.K.]: County Road Safety Officers' Association, 1989.
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Ontario. Ministry of Transportation. Quality and Standards Division., red. Highway design systems: User's manual. [Downsview]: Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Quality & Standards Division, 1992.
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Freight logistics: The road ahead as seen by the users of the highway system : hearing before the Subcommittee on Highways, Transit, and Pipelines of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, September 7, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.
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National Cooperative Highway Research Program., red. Uses of recycled rubber tires in highways. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1994.
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Bank, World, red. India financing highways. Washington: World Bank, 2004.
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Jenkins, Brian Michael. POTENTIAL TERRIORIST USES OF HIGHWAY-BORNE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS. San José, CA: Mineta Transportation Institute, 2010.
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Geoff, Hodgson, red. Manual of contract documents for highway works: A user's guide and commentary. London: T. Telford, 1992.
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United States. Federal Highway Administration., red. Read your road: Every highway user's guide to driving safely. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1996.
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Branch, Ontario Ministry of Transportation Research and Development. Cost-effectiveness of passing lanes: User's manual. Downsview, Ont: Research and Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, 1991.
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Ray, Barton, ADI Limited i Transportation Association of Canada, red. Highway user cost tables: A simplified method of estimating user cost savings for highway improvements. Ottawa, Ont: Transportation Association of Canada, 1993.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Road users- Highway"
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Corben, Bruce. "Urban Road Design and Keeping Down Speed". W The Vision Zero Handbook, 903–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_35.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the opportunities available to a range of professions that directly or indirectly influence urban settings, to achieve Vision Zero safety outcomes. Starting with how we want our urban areas to be, the chapter examines options to eliminate the systemic risk of deaths and serious injuries on urban roads from three separate but related viewpoints; managing the threats to life and health posed by the energy embedded within the road transport system, the potential for crashes to occur and the exposure of those who use the system to severe injury risk from crashes. In urban settings, it is sometimes possible to eliminate or minimize vehicular traffic on selected roads and streets but, in general, it is either impractical or undesirable to do so. By physically separating vehicles from other vehicles, and from highly vulnerable road users, we risk creating the types of cities and towns that do not support our high level aspirations of highly liveable and healthy societies, with sustainable and equitable urban transport systems. Where physical separation is not viable, it becomes necessary to manage transport system energy to ensure risk remains below the levels we set for Vision Zero outcomes – no one being killed or seriously injured. The main focus of this chapter therefore is on the means by which we can manage kinetic energy, primarily through compatible combinations of infrastructure design and speed limit setting, to protect all who use urban roads. Vehicle technology and structural design are important considerations for system performance as a whole.
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Corben, Bruce. "Urban Road Design and Keeping Down Speed". W The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_35-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractThis chapter examines the opportunities available to a range of professions that directly or indirectly influence urban settings, to achieve Vision Zero safety outcomes. Starting with how we want our urban areas to be, the chapter examines options to eliminate the systemic risk of deaths and serious injuries on urban roads from three separate but related viewpoints; managing the threats to life and health posed by the energy embedded within the road transport system, the potential for crashes to occur and the exposure of those who use the system to severe injury risk from crashes. In urban settings, it is sometimes possible to eliminate or minimize vehicular traffic on selected roads and streets but, in general, it is either impractical or undesirable to do so. By physically separating vehicles from other vehicles, and from highly vulnerable road users, we risk creating the types of cities and towns that do not support our high level aspirations of highly liveable and healthy societies, with sustainable and equitable urban transport systems. Where physical separation is not viable, it becomes necessary to manage transport system energy to ensure risk remains below the levels we set for Vision Zero outcomes – no one being killed or seriously injured. The main focus of this chapter therefore is on the means by which we can manage kinetic energy, primarily through compatible combinations of infrastructure design and speed limit setting, to protect all who use urban roads. Vehicle technology and structural design are important considerations for system performance as a whole.
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Santos, Jorge A., Catherine Berthelon i Daniel R. Mestre. "Perception of Road Users' Motion". W Human Factors for Highway Engineers, 115–30. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043412-4/50010-2.
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Simões, Anabela, i Claude Marin-Lamellet. "Road Users Who are Elderly". W Human Factors for Highway Engineers, 255–75. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043412-4/50019-9.
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Guo, Huaqun, Daqing Zhang, Lek-Heng Ngoh, Song Zheng i Wai-Choong Wong. "Context-Aware Service Discovery in Ubiquitous Computing". W Encyclopedia of Internet Technologies and Applications, 119–25. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-993-9.ch018.
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The decreasing cost of networking technology and network-enabled devices is driving the large scale deployment of such networks and devices so as to offer many new and innovative services to users in ubiquitous computing. For example, when you carry your mobile laptop or personal digital assistant (PDA) around, or drive on the road, various services have been made available, ranging from finding a local printer to print a file, to instantaneously knowing about the traffic situation from traffic-cameras and other sensors along a highway.
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Ridha Mohammed Afrawee, Abdul, Haider Habeeb Aodah i Hussein Ali Mohammed. "Development of Highways Management Systems in Iraq". W Applied Methods in Design and Construction of Bridges, Highways and Roads - Theory and Practice [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105852.
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The highways in Iraq need to be reviewed and evaluated urgently because of the poor condition of the roads, the lack of maintenance and the lack of services. This study provides specific criteria for assessing the condition of the road and determining the level at which it needs to intervene and perform maintenance. The study also proposes a new system for road management in Iraq, which contributes to providing the necessary funds for the continuity of maintenance work and the provision of services that contribute to the convenience of road users. Six criteria were determined to evaluate the efficiency of the road by conducting a survey of the opinions of engineers and academics specialized in the field of roads and these criteria are (Safety, Road Condition, Geometric Design, Cost, Services and Environment) and using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions Program (SPSS) a model was found that links road quality with these criteria. The Toll Road System (TRS) was proposed to collect tolls from road users. This system was compared with the current system in road management in Iraq using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) program, and the TRS was considered satisfactory by 75% of the sample surveyed.
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Fuller, Ray. "Learning and the Road User". W Human Factors for Highway Engineers, 43–57. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043412-4/50006-0.
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Guo, Huaqun, Daqing Zhang, Lek-Heng Ngoh, Song Zheng i Wai-Choong Wong. "Context-Aware Service Discovery in Ubiquitous Computing". W Human Computer Interaction, 1087–95. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch069.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The decreasing cost of networking technology and network-enabled devices is driving the large scale deployment of such networks and devices so as to offer many new and innovative services to users in ubiquitous computing. For example, when you carry your mobile laptop or personal digital assistant (PDA) around, or drive on the road, various services have been made available, ranging from finding a local printer to print a file, to instantaneously knowing about the traffic situation from traffic-cameras and other sensors along a highway. To achieve the above, every participating network- enabled end-device must solve an interesting technical problem, i.e., to locate a particular network service or device out of hundreds of thousands of accessible services and devices. Such service advertising and discovery is important as mobile devices and mobile wireless devices proliferate on networks. For this reason, a service discovery and advertising protocol is an important tool to help these devices find services on the network wherever they connect, and to let other network users know about the services they are offering. Context-aware service discovery, on the other hand, would help users to find services that are most appropriate based on fast-changing client conditions, such as location. For example, most laptops are statically configured to print to dedicated office printers. With the help of the context-awareness, a laptop could find the nearest accessible printer attached to the network that the laptop is currently plugged into.
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Kharchenko, Anna, i Ylia Khrutba. "DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC SERVICE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FROM PLANNED ROAD CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES". W Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-40.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The main idea of the study was to automate the environmental impact assessment process. The subject of the research is the process of algorithmization and automation of environmental impact assessment. During the research, the methods of impact assessment as tools for analyzing the impact of road repair processes are considered in detail. And also the mathematical device which can be applied to an estimation of influence on environment of processes of construction and reconstruction of roads is algorithmized. The main aspects of the impact during the technological process of road repair, which formed the criterion basis for environmental impact assessment, are characterized and formed. The methodology of this study is based on the use of a combined approach to environmental impact assessment using the improved Leopold matrix and its further study using the Harrington function. At each stage of both the implementation of the stages of the environmental impact assessment and the processes themselves during the construction and reconstruction (repair) of the highway, the information can be presented in the form of different matrices. Based on the methodology and algorithm for quantifying the impact on the environment using the Leopold matrix and the Harrington desirability function, an electronic service – Electronic Calculator Environmental Impact Assessment (ECEIA) was developed. The general structure of the Electronic Service includes two main blocks: Block "Database" and Block of calculation, between which there is a direct relationship. Development and implementation of a basic version of a full-featured effective interactive e-service for independent environmental impact assessment according to clearly defined indicators and methods of their assessment contributes to the maximum reduction of the human factor in environmental impact assessment and prevention of possible corruption. When developing the basic version of the Electronic Service, the possibility of further implementation of its additional functions was taken into account, in particular, the possibility of further authorization of users through the use of EDS / QES was provided; expanding the criteria base for environmental impact assessment and technological processes for assessing their impact on the environment; integration of external information into the database of the Electronic Service; tracking and visualization of information on the results of environmental impact assessment of various types of planned activities.
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Brown, Jeffrey R., Eric A. Morris i Brian D. Taylor. "Planning and Paying for Highways between Cities in the Pre-Freeway Era". W The Drive for Dollars, 57—C4F2. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197601518.003.0004.
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Abstract In rural areas, state and federal highway engineers responded to pressure for better roads from bicyclists and later motorists. They began with piecemeal road improvements and then gradually turned to the development of interconnected rural and intercity highway systems. By the end of the 1920s a federally supported, but state administered, national system of rural and intercity highways emerged as the focus of rural highway builders. This system was built by ostensibly apolitical engineers to uniform standards and prioritized economical traffic service over the social objectives that had motivated some earlier rural highway advocates. Yet by the end of the 1920s, the finance system used to support these programs ran into difficulties due to the high costs involved. A solution was found with the move to user-based highway finance, centered on motor fuel taxes, which would become the focus of state and federal decision-makers in the years that followed.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Road users- Highway"
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Song, Yanjie, Jun Tian, Tao Li, Renjuan Sun, Han Zhang, Jianqing Wu i Xiuguang Song. "Road-Users Classification Utilizing Roadside Light Detection and Ranging Data". W 3rd International Forum on Connected Automated Vehicle Highway System through the China Highway & Transportation Society. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-5150.
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Higuera de Frutos, Santiago, i María Castro Malpica. "DATABASES FOR HIGHWAY INVENTORIES. PROPOSAL FOR A NEW MODEL". W CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3616.
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Database models for highway inventories are based on classical schemes for relational databases: many related tables, in which the database designer establishes, a priori, every detail that they consider relevant for inventory management. This kind of database presents several problems. First, adapting the model and its applications when new database features appear is difficult. In addition, the different needs of different sets of road inventory users are difficult to fulfil with these schemes. For example, maintenance management services, road authorities and emergency services have different needs. In addition, this kind of database cannot be adapted to new scenarios, such as other countries and regions (that may classify roads or name certain elements differently). The problem is more complex if the language used in these scenarios is not the same as that used in the database design. In addition, technicians need a long time to learn to use the database efficiently. This paper proposes a flexible, multilanguage and multipurpose database model, which gives an effective and simple solution to the aforementioned problems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3616
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Queiroz, Cesar A., i Goran Mladenović. "Combining capital grant and availability payment to keep toll rates affordable". W 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1278.
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In several countries public budgets cannot provide all the funds needed to build priority transport and other infrastructure projects that are economically justified and environmentally and socially sound. Under certain circumstances, projects meeting such conditions can be implemented by involving private financing, through public-private partnerships (PPP), which is a means to get projects completed by leveraging scarce public resources. Priority highway PPP projects may require toll rates above the affordability level of road users, particularly when construction costs are relatively high and traffic volumes are relatively low. The provision of capital grants and/or availability payments to the concessionaire (i.e., the private partner) by the government (i.e., the public partner) would reduce the toll rate required to attract private investors for the project. Such projects, where the sources of revenue to the private partner (or concessionaire) include both the users of the facility and the government, are usually called hybrid PPPs. A key step in assuring that a proposed PPP highway project would attract private investors is to determine whether financial public support would be required, and if so, how much. To this endeavor, this paper reviews and applies a hybrid PPP financial model for highways that facilitates carrying out projects' financial viability by decision makers and practitioners. A numerical case study is used to illustrate applications of the model to conditions deemed representative of Southeastern European countries. The main outputs generated by the model include the project’s internal rate of return, equity internal rate of return, annual debt service coverage ratio, and the present value of the government’s cash flow. A sensitivity analysis carried out shows the impact of key input parameters on the main outputs. While the financial model discussed has been developed for roads, it can also be adapted to other forms of transport infrastructure, such as rail.
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Nisumanti, Sartika, Febryandi Febryandi i Yunita Mentari. "Black Spot Analysis on National Highway in Palembang". W 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021182n2.
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In the last five years, the number of accidents that have been occurred in Palembang, South Sumatra Province reached 7.016 incidents. This research aims to discover the characteristics of traffic accidents and accident-prone (black spot) locations. The characteristic of a traffic accidents will be analyzed by questionnaire, while the black spot analysis will be investigated based on the frequency (death, seriously injured), INDII Aus-Aid and AEK. The result of the components of accidents presented that the road users was the main factor of traffic accidents with around 83 %, 87% of incidents happened less than 3 (three) every month, and 47 % of the sacrifice of seriously injured, in which the highest gender victims was male (83%). The Black Spot analysis outcome at Soekarno Hatta Street located at STA 23 + 500, in which Soekarno Hatta Street experienced the most common traffic disaster with 110 of the circumstances were 31 casualty who passed away, 39 heavily wounded, and the material loss gained Rp. 10.439.901.000.
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Pfeffer, Raphael, Jingyu He i Sax Eric. "Development and Implementation of a Concept for the Meta Description of Highway Driving Scenarios with Focus on Interactions of Road Users". W 6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009341804400447.
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Pfeffer, Raphael, Jingyu He i Sax Eric. "Development and Implementation of a Concept for the Meta Description of Highway Driving Scenarios with Focus on Interactions of Road Users". W 6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009341800002550.
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Daetz, Leif Ole, Jonas Robineau i Stine Norskov. "Performance Based Practical Design". W IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.137.
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This paper presents the application of ‘Performance Based Practical Design’ (PBPD) methods to Danish infrastructure projects. PBPD is a decision-making process developed by the US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and this paper adapts the process to the standards and regulations of Denmark, resulting in the development of a comparative tool for selecting project options. The tool was tested on the E45 highway in Jutland, which is to be widened from four to six lanes. Civil structures along the highway are identified and the constraints they offer to the road layout are determined and implemented in the tool. A rating for each cross-section is determined, enabling users to compare several cross-sections with regards to a project specific baseline and site-specific constraints and ensure a robust qualitative and quantitative process.
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Srinivas, P. R. K. S., i Tham Beng Choy. "Design & Construction of Duta – Ulu Kelang Expressway (DUKE Ph2) – Tun Razak Link (TRL) in Kuala Lumpur". W IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0677.
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<p>The Duta – Ulu Kelang Expressway (DUKE) Phase 2 is an infrastructure development under transformation programmes undertaken by the Government of Malaysia through Concessionaire Konsortium Lebuhraya Utara – Timur (KL) Sdn. Bhd (KESTURI). The proposed Tun Razak Link (TRL) is a part of DUKE Phase 2 project that involves design, construction, operation and maintenance of 9km long elevated dual 2-Lane highway with 24.9m wide mainline deck including directional ramps, interchanges and ramp toll plaza in Kuala Lumpur [1]. The project alignment is in densely developed urban environment and traverses over existing arterial roads, crosses urban arterials, expressway, river and acts as an effective traffic dispersal system between existing road network to alleviate traffic congestion on at-grade local roads. The majority length of the project is an elevated structure to minimise the land acquisition, least disturbance to road users, adjoining developments and utilities. Various types of super structure viz., precast T-beams, U-Beams, crossheads, cast in-situ box girders were adopted besides various types of foundation & substructure with longest span being 51m. This paper aims at presenting an insight of various types of designs, innovative methods adopted to suit the site constraints and interfacing issues to meet project timeline, cost effective design approach during construction of TRL.</p>
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Sachakamol, Punnamee, i Liming Dai. "Noise Prediction Model Development for the Traffic Noise on Asphalt Rubber Roads". W ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13327.
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Traffic noise prediction techniques are important tools for assessing the effects of noise mitigation. A number of noise prediction models are available for predicting noise levels at a receptor point. Traditionally, these noise predictions are limited to road side areas, where the effects of building and other infrastructure act as a barrier impediment to noise propagation are not considered. This paper describes the application of simulation and modeling of a simplified traffic noise prediction method based on the U.S. FWHA highway and existing traffic noise prediction models. The simplification has been achieved mainly by using the assumption that traffic flow speeds of various vehicle classes are correlated and similar in magnitude Also, an assumption is made that ground attenuation depends not only on the type of ground cover but also on a horizontal distance between the source and the receiver. Finally, the research intends to numerically evaluate the tire-pavement noise of the road with Asphalt Rubber (AR) pavement to minimize the traffic noise generated by the pavement. The application of simulation and modeling by packaged software will be introduced for utilizing the results, planning purposes and preliminary prediction of the traffic noise level on the AR pavement road section in Saskatchewan. This traffic noise prediction model will be simple to use by any end users, particularly environmental planners, acoustic engineers, and non-specialists.
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Pickel, Daniel, Dahlia Malek i Susan Tighe. "Performance Summary Of Precast Concrete Inlay Panel Trial In Ontario". W 12th International Conference on Concrete Pavements. International Society for Concrete Pavements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33593/usv26zve.
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In order to address deep-seated rutting issues on high-volume asphalt highways in Ontario, Canada, the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) was interested in the design and testing of a Precast Concrete Inlay Panel (PCIP) trial section. The PCIP was used to increase the stiffness of the pavement section within the short overnight construction windows that the MTO specifies to minimize the effects on road users. The trial section was designed to include three separate methods of panel support, which is understood to be a primary consideration in the performance of precast concrete panels. The trial section was constructed in September 2016 on the traffic lane of Highway 400 and has been in continuous service since that time. Instrumentation was installed during construction to measure the pressure, moisture, and temperature conditions at the interface between the panels and the existing asphalt layer. This paper summarizes the performance of this trial during the more than three years of service, including findings from the sub-panel instrumentation, falling weight deflectometer testing, and condition assessments. Additionally, the findings of an analysis of the construction aspects of the different support conditions are included to reinforce recommendations regarding the best support technique for future applications of the PCIP rehabilitation technique.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Road users- Highway"
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Tarko, Andrew P., Thomas Hall, Cristhian Lizarazo i Fernando España-Monedero. Speed Management in Small Cities and Towns—Guidelines for Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317122.
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Many small cities and towns in rural states such as Indiana are crossed by arterial highways. The local traffic on these roads, particularly vulnerable road users, face the excessive risk of injury and death. This danger is amplified with local land development, driveways, and on-street parking in town centers. This report presents an Indiana study of the speeding problem on arterial roads passing through small communities. Past research on various countermeasures suitable for the studied conditions were identified and the connection between speed reduction and safety improvements was investigated in a sample of Indiana small towns. Promising speed-reduction measures include speed feedback signs and converging chevrons with speed limit legends marked on the pavement. Point-to-point enforcement is a modern and highly effective alternative that may be applicable on highways passing small towns if the through traffic prevails with limited interruptions. This report provides a method of evaluating the benefits of speed reduction in the studied conditions where the risk of severe injury and fatality is excessive to road users while the frequency of crashes is low. The method includes the proactive estimation of the economic benefit. The results indicate that both the local and through traffic on highways passing a small town benefit considerably from speed reduction even after accounting for the loss of time. An Excel spreadsheet developed in the study facilitates the calculations.
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Chiavassa, Nathalie, i Raphael Dewez. Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti. Inter-American Development Bank, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003250.
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The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.
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Chien, Stanley, Lauren Christopher, Yaobin Chen, Mei Qiu i Wei Lin. Integration of Lane-Specific Traffic Data Generated from Real-Time CCTV Videos into INDOT's Traffic Management System. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317400.
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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) uses about 600 digital cameras along populated Indiana highways in order to monitor highway traffic conditions. The videos from these cameras are currently observed by human operators looking for traffic conditions and incidents. However, it is time-consuming for the operators to scan through all video data from all the cameras in real-time. The main objective of this research was to develop an automatic and real-time system and implement the system at INDOT to monitor traffic conditions and detect incidents automatically. The Transportation and Autonomous Systems Institute (TASI) of the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and the INDOT Traffic Management Center have worked together to research and develop a system that monitors the traffic conditions based on the INDOT CCTV video feeds. The proposed system performs traffic flow estimation, incident detection, and the classification of vehicles involved in an incident. The goal was to develop a system and prepare for future implementation. The research team designed the new system, including the hardware and software components, the currently existing INDOT CCTV system, the database structure for traffic data extracted from the videos, and a user-friendly web-based server for identifying individual lanes on the highway and showing vehicle flowrates of each lane automatically. The preliminary prototype of some system components was implemented in the 2018–2019 JTRP projects, which provided the feasibility and structure of the automatic traffic status extraction from the video feeds. The 2019–2021 JTRP project focused on developing and improving many features’ functionality and computation speed to make the program run in real-time. The specific work in this 2021–2022 JTRP project is to improve the system further and implement it on INDOT’s premises. The system has the following features: vehicle-detection, road boundary detection, lane detection, vehicle count and flowrate detection, traffic condition detection, database development, web-based graphical user interface (GUI), and a hardware specification study. The research team has installed the system on one computer in INDOT for daily road traffic monitoring operations.
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Chien, Stanley, Yaobin Chen, Lauren Christopher, Mei Qiu i Zhengming Ding. Road Condition Detection and Classification from Existing CCTV Feed. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317364.
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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has approximately 500 digital cameras along highways in populated areas of Indiana. These cameras are used to monitor traffic conditions around the clock, all year round. Currently, the videos from these cameras are observed one-by-one by human operators looking for traffic conditions and incidents. The main objective of this research was to develop an automatic, real-time system to monitor traffic conditions and detect incidents automatically. The Transportation and Autonomous Systems Institute (TASI) of the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and the Traffic Management Center of INDOT developed a system that monitors the traffic conditions based on the INDOT CCTV video feeds. The proposed system performs traffic flow estimation, incident detection, and classification of vehicles involved in an incident. The research team designed the system, including the hardware and software components added to the existing INDOT CCTV system; the relationship between the added system and the currently existing INDOT system; the database structure for traffic data extracted from the videos; and a user-friendly, web-based server for showing the incident locations automatically. The specific work in this project includes vehicle-detection, road boundary detection, lane detection, vehicle count over time, flow-rate detection, traffic condition detection, database development, web-based graphical user interface (GUI), and a hardware specification study. The preliminary prototype of some system components has been implemented in the Development of Automated Incident Detection System Using Existing ATMS CCT (SPR-4305).
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Fowler, Camilla. Automation in transport - Leading the UK to a driverless future. TRL, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/tawj9464.
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The gap between technology development and automated vehicle deployment has been underestimated and the challenges involved with delivering autonomy have been far greater and more complex than first envisaged. TRL believe that in order for the UK to achieve its potential for automation in transport, the following activities are key in overcoming these challenges: Develop a UK regulatory approval system that enables the safe and secure deployment of automated vehicles in the future. A flexible and responsive regulatory system is needed that can enable innovation by streamlining entry into emerging markets and lessen the initial regulatory burden on developers and manufacturers. Provide a simple, consistent but robust approach to assuring safety during trials and testing to enable and facilitate trials across all UK locations and environments. The approach to safety assurance varies between stakeholders and this inconsistency can provide a barrier to testing in multiple locations or avoiding areas with more stringent requirements. TRL is developing a software tool that could be used to guide and support stakeholders when engaging with trialling organisations. Develop and implement a UK safety monitoring and investigation unit to monitor safety, analyse data, investigate incidents and provide timely feedback and recommended actions. TRL can identify road user behaviours that are likely to lead to a collision. These behaviours could be monitored using in-vehicle data and supplemented with environmental and location data from intelligent infrastructure. This proactive approach would drive safety improvements, promote continuous improvement, accelerate innovation and development and make Vision Zero a more realistic and achievable target. Enable more advanced trials to be undertaken in the UK where the boundaries of the technology are extended and solutions to the identified challenges are explored without compromising safety. London’s Smart Mobility Living Lab (SMLL) provides a unique real-world test facility to conduct advanced tests and validate vehicle behaviour performance. Through testing in a real-world environment and monitoring performance using cooperative infrastructure, we can accelerate learning and technology progression. Accelerate the adoption and safe implementation of automated vehicles for off- highway activities and minimise worker exposure to high risk environments and working practices within the UK and globally. As part of an Innovate funded project on Automated Off-highway Vehicles, TRL has developed and published a draft Code of Practice providing guidance to operators of automated vehicles in all sectors of the off-highway industry.
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Duvvuri, Sarvani, i Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.
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Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.
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Petrie, John, Yan Qi, Mark Cornwell, Md Al Adib Sarker, Pranesh Biswas, Sen Du i Xianming Shi. Design of Living Barriers to Reduce the Impacts of Snowdrifts on Illinois Freeways. Illinois Center for Transportation, listopad 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-019.
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Blowing snow accounts for a large part of Illinois Department of Transportation’s total winter maintenance expenditures. This project aims to develop recommendations on the design and placement of living snow fences (LSFs) to minimize snowdrift on Illinois highways. The research team examined historical IDOT data for resource expenditures, conducted a literature review and survey of northern agencies, developed and validated a numerical model, field tested selected LSFs, and used a model to assist LSF design. Field testing revealed that the proper snow fence setback distance should consider the local prevailing winter weather conditions, and snow fences within the right-of-way could still be beneficial to agencies. A series of numerical simulations of flow around porous fences were performed using Flow-3D, a computational fluid dynamics software. The results of the simulations of the validated model were employed to develop design guidelines for siting LSFs on flat terrain and for those with mild slopes (< 15° from horizontal). Guidance is provided for determining fence setback, wind characteristics, fence orientation, as well as fence height and porosity. Fences comprised of multiple rows are also addressed. For sites with embankments with steeper slopes, guidelines are provided that include a fence at the base and one or more fence on the embankment. The design procedure can use the available right-of-way at a site to determine the appropriate fence characteristics (e.g., height and porosity) to prevent snow deposition on the road. The procedure developed in this work provides an alternative that uses available setback to design the fence. This approach does not consider snow transport over an entire season and may be less effective in years with several large snowfall events, very large single events, or a sequence of small events with little snowmelt in between. However, this procedure is expected to be effective for more frequent snowfall events such as those that occurred over the field-monitoring period. Recommendations were made to facilitate the implementation of research results by IDOT. The recommendations include a proposed process flow for establishing LSFs for Illinois highways, LSF siting and design guidelines (along with a list of suitable plant species for LSFs), as well as other implementation considerations and identified research needs.