Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Road trip.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Road trip”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Road trip”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Fabian, Bobbi, i bobbi@bobbifabian com. "Road trip home". RMIT University. Creative Media, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.092848.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The more we search outside of ourselves for answers, the less likely we are to be satisfied. Often, however, the external journey brings us closer to who we are as we experience the peaks and troughs of human existence. Ultimately, it is happiness that we seek. The idea and pursuit of happiness is a universal theme and I believe this search for happiness is also a search for home. Whether it is a physical or spiritual place, many of us search for that centre but the answer lies in the journey, not the destination. Using the road trip as the vehicle for this search, I set out across the USA to connect with others who were on the same journey. I photographed people (who had moved from their birthplace for reasons such as love and better opportunities), and landscapes that evoke both home and the journey. The road trip can be an escape from home but also a search for it and so the resulting project became two distinct sections that weave and overlap.
2
Reed, Delanna, i Jonesborough Storytellers Guide. "Kansas City Road Trip Storytelling Tour". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1281.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A team of Performing Members of the Jonesborough Storytellers Guild (JSG) will be telling stories in communities all along the way to Kansas City in July. They will be on their way to the National Storytelling Network (NSN) Conference. The effort will be to promote the art of storytelling, JSG, NSN and Jonesborough, the Storytelling Capital of the World.
3
Lindberg, Jonas. "The Autonomous Road Trip : Exploring how an autonomous vehicle can preserve and evolve the spontaneous and adventurous spirit of a road trip". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135714.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Cars are becoming increasingly automated and expected to become fully autonomous in the near future. How will this a ect the car and its position of a symbol of freedom? This thesis investigates how an autonomous vehicle can evolve this symbolic value and be adapted to the use case of an explorative road trip. Based on learnings from travellers and experts the starting point has been the positive experience of a road trip in a conventional vehicle. The target has been to enhance the current experience and create an even more spontaneous and explorative atmosphere with the help of a future scenario and emerging technology. This project gives an example of an interface that supports and en- courages spontaneity which lets the travellers direct and control the vehicle intuitively in order to explore and enjoy what they nd during their journey. Furthermore it extends the travel experience beyond what a road trip has been by connecting travellers to locals.
4
Alpay, Aylin. "Untangling Road Trip Experiences with Conected Car : Planning and bringing it to the car". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136640.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
With developing technologies and growing infrastructures, connected experiences are expanding their realms towards various devices and scenarios in our lives. One of the areas, which is going under a big change due to this connectivity is the car related experiences. As connectivity is intrinsically enabler of different experiences and services, it is foreseen that it will bring a different dimension to car and driving related experiences as well.By investigating the future trends and possibilities that connectivity can provide to car and driving related experiences, this thesis aims for imagining the near future scenarios with an explorative approach, focusing on one and addressing to the rising issues with a design proposal that is meaningful to both users and the industry.The result, Tripcloud, contributes to the future scenario of having a road trip with the car, with a new digital platform that aims for supporting the users throughout the planning and bringing the plans into the car experience seamlessly and safely. It aims for reducing today’s existing complexity in terms of interaction and cognition to provide a better experience and avoid driver distraction. With providing organised information pieces, information exchange between people and automated links with mobile devices and car, Tripcloud offers easier an more convenient alternative for road trip planing and bringing the plans into car experiences for the near future.
5
Jackson, David Fitzroy. "Queensland Arts Council road trip : an examination of in-schools touring productions (2005-2008)". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40769/1/David_Jackson_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This research project explores the nature of In-School Touring Productions that are presented in Queensland classrooms by Queensland Arts Council (QAC). The research emerged from my background as a drama teacher working on secondment at QAC in the Ontour inschools department. The research follows the development of a new production Power Trip: the Adventures of Watty and Volt. The research was guided by the key question: What are some of the production and pragmatic issues that relate to In-school Touring Productions and in what ways do QAC’s Ontour inschools productions offer learning experiences?
This research involved the creation of three intersecting elements:
(1) a 45 minute personal documentary film, 8 Times Around the Equator. The film follows my enthusiasms for this hybrid form of theatre which developed from my childhood, teaching practice and finally in my role at QAC;
(2) a multimedia DVD, Queensland Arts Council 2008 inschools Season, which presents a series of short video clips promoting QAC’s Ontour inschools program; and finally
(3) this exegetical paper, Queensland Arts Council Road Trip: an Examination of In-Schools Touring Productions (2005-2008).
This exegesis supports the multimedia presentations and provides additional descriptions of QAC's Ontour inschools productions which are contextualised within the history of QAC and the field of Youth Theatre generally. During the project I observed 37 QAC productions and analysed them against set criteria and as a result four types of learning experiences were identified:
• Category X: X-periencing the Art Form – providing students with exposure to traditional forms of main stage theatre;
• Category L: Learning Through the Art Form – communicating information using an art form to educate. For example using comedy, clowning or slapstick to teach science;
• Category U: Unpacking the Art Form – deconstructing art forms and providing students with increased awareness and appreciation; and
• Category M: M-bodying the Art Form – workshops and artist residencies that allow students to create their own work.
The creative works (documentary film and DVDs) combine to make up 65% of the project. This exegetical paper concludes the final 35% required for submission.
6
Christensen, Holly. "Half a Dream". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1291149684.
Pełny tekst źródła
7
Holmes, Rachel Amanda. "Red, white and blue highways : British travel writing and the American road trip in the late twentieth century". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2833/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study locates late-twentieth-century roadlogues (nonfiction, prose accounts of American road trips) by British writers within the tradition of the postwar American highway narrative in travel writing, novels, and film. It exposes the discursive structures and textual constraints underlying seven case studies published in the 1990s by comparing them to texts from various genres in diachronic and synchronic contexts. It contributes to scholarship on the American highway narrative, which largely overlooks British texts. It complements research on British travel writing, which tends to be biased towards pre-twentieth-century texts by travellers whose culture is in a dominant relation to that of travellees. It adds to postcolonial studies through analysis of representations of the other where otherness is reduced and complicated by a history of cultural exchange. The methodology combines several approaches including discourse theory, discourse analysis, narrative theory, feminist criticism, and theories of tourism. Three main areas are considered: identity, in relation to nationality and gender; the road writer's gaze, with regard to vehicles and roads; and intertextuality, on the margins (in maps) and inside roadlogues (in direct and indirect allusions). The study concludes that contemporary British roadlogues are in what is almost a subordinate relation to American highway narratives, evidenced by extensive influence of American texts. However, this subordination is qualified by joint ownership of western and New World myths, vestiges of imperial superiority, and selective deference by British writers. The latter is demonstrated through a consumer approach to American culture afforded by the episodic structure of the road trip and encouraged by the niche-oriented nature of the current market for travel writing. While American writers regard roadscapes with imperial eyes and experience the road trip as a rite of passage, contemporary Britons generally engage in superficial role play and remain untransformed by American highways.
8
Mayberry, Michael D. "Floating on a Mule: Encounters of AmericaAn Interactive Travelogue". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492521445380429.
Pełny tekst źródła
9
Stoffle, Richard W., Richard W. Arnold, Jerry Charles, Betty Cornelius, Maurice Frank-Churchill, Vernon Miller i Gaylene Moose. "MNS Wind Farm Project on the Nevada Test Site American Indian Rapid Cultural Assessment Of Proposed Gravel Road Improvements Trip Report, March 2001". Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277412.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This report presents the findings of a two-day Rapid Cultural Assessment (RCA) to assess potential impacts to resources important to American Indians from gravel road improvements associated with the Shoshone Mountain phase of the MNS Wind Farm Project on the Nevada Test Site (NTS).
The study was conducted by the American Indian Writers Subgroup (AIWS), an official committee of the Consolidated Group of Tribes and Organizations (CGTO). The CGTO is composed of 16 tribes and 3 Indian organizations that have historic or cultural ties to the NTS. The work was facilitated by Dr. Stoffle from the Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology at the University of Arizona (UofA). Funding was provided by DOE/NV.
10
Shrader, Kyle. "Jack Kerouac Does Not Lie". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6224.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
"Jack Kerouac Does Not Lie" recounts my pilgrimage in the summer of 2000, from southwest Florida to a canyon beach in California where Jack Kerouac—as I had read in his Big Sur—lost his mind forty years earlier. I was heavily influenced. Kerouac's On the Road
showed me what to do with myself. Big Sur showed me where to go. In the twentieth century Americans shifted their notions of the west coast from a means for sustenance to a symbol of post-war freedom. Kerouac seems to embody this momentum; the world and the burning spirit his work describes is a precursor to the sixties. His muse, Neal Cassady, is the common link—appearing as Dean Moriarty in Kerouac's first major work and later as himself in Wolfe's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. My parents were a part of this westward yearning's last true surge in the early seventies, when they ventured cross-country and stayed out there for a time.
They'd caught the tail end of the wave, and told me a bit about it. I was full of stories, mostly fiction. Sweating in my twenty year old conversion van with a big friend, Ben—whose goals were less "literary"—I sought to recreate the legends I had read, the movies I had seen, and the tales my parents had told me. I was on a mission; I wanted my trip to measure up. Ben was on vacation. Our folly is chronicled within; three weeks and four thousand miles of it.M.F.A.
Masters
English
Arts and Sciences
11
Delieuvin, Anaïs. "Les mythes américains au cinéma et en littérature : une dynamique artistique et anthropologique pour le Québec ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040004.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Les mythes américains génèrent des symboles et des stéréotypes fréquents dans l’imaginaire collectif. Leur usage dans la littérature québécoise exclut toute idéologie, privilégiant l’acte fondateur d’une nouvelle mythologie. Les mythes québécois se sont d’abord distingués de ceux de l’Amérique. Ils ont porté un regard critique sur la globalisation que peut susciter le territoire américain. En élaborant leur littérature nationale, les auteurs québécois de la Révolution tranquille ont formulé d’autres pistes interprétatives autour des mythes américains. L’américanité offre des perspectives anthropologiques fluides à l’adaptation du mythe au cinéma et en littérature. Le mythe tel que le définit Roland Barthes permet une interprétation contemporaine de chaque mythe québécois présenté dans cette étude. Le corpus est donc composé d’œuvres québécoises et étatsuniennes, de films de Denys Arcand et Clint Eastwood, de romans et textes argumentatifs de notre auteur tranquille référent, Jacques Godbout mais aussi de Jacques Poulin, Philippe Aubert de Gaspé, Antonine Maillet, Anne Hébert, Jack KerouacAmerican myths generate recurring symbols and stereotypes in the collective imagination. In Quebec literature, the use of these myths ignores ideology, favouring the founding act of a new mythology. Quebec myths firstly distinguished themselves from American myths, carrying with them a critical perspective on the globalising process driven by the American territory. In developing their national literature, Quebec authors from the Quiet Revolution shaped new interpretations of American myths. Americanness offers changing anthropological perspectives for the adaptation of myths into film and literature. The myth as Roland Barthes defines it, enables a contemporary interpretation of each Quebec myth you can find in this study. Thus, the corpus in my dissertation is made up of Quebec and American works, movies directed by Denys Arcand and Clint Eastwood and novels or argumentative essays by the quiet author who is the subject of this dissertation, Jacques Godbout as well as Jacques Poulin, Philippe Aubert de Gaspé, Antonine Maillet, Anne Hébert and Jack Kerouac
12
Russell, Phillip A. "(Un)Settling America". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524244189432238.
Pełny tekst źródła
13
Downing, Lea L. "Roadside". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1791.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Roadside deals with themes of self-discovery, transcendence, and the search for camaraderie in modern America. Many of the stories take place on or adjacent to the road: that eternal path of transience and transformation. Whether metaphorically or literally on the "roadside," many of the characters contained within are marginalized in their own lives and communities. It is through their grasping and searching for greater meaning in their lives that they come to gain understanding of their places in the world.
14
Thiel, Sarah-Kristin. "Serendipitous road trips: Enhancing tourists’ experiences through social interaction". Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90806/1/Serendipitous%20road%20trips_SKT_Final.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Driving can be a lonely activity. While there has been a lot of research and technical inventions concerning car-to-car communication and passenger entertainment, there is still little work concerning connecting drivers. Whereas tourism is very much a social activity, drive tourists have few options to communicate with fellow travellers. The proposed project is placed at the intersection of tourism and driving and aims to enhance the trip experience during driving through social interaction. This thesis explores how a mobile application that allows instant messaging between travellers sharing similar context can add to road trip experiences.
To inform the design of such an application, the project adopted the principle of the user-centred design process. User needs were assessed by running an ideation workshop and a field trip. Findings of both studies have shown that tourists have different preferences and diverse attitudes towards contacting new people. Yet all participants stressed the value of social recommendations. Based on those results and a later expert review, three prototype versions of the system were created. A prototyping session with potential end users highlighted the most important features including the possibility to view user profiles, choose between text and audio input and receive up-to-date information.
An implemented version of the prototype was evaluated in an exploratory study to identify usability related problems in an actual use case scenario as well as to find implementation bugs. The outcomes of this research are relevant for the design of future mobile tourist guides that leverage from benefits of social recommendations.
15
Talbert, Robert. "Catch Chain". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46206.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Catch Chain is a book of poems that traces the journey of a Corrections Officer who attempts to combat issues of isolation, inhumane treatment of inmates and societal rejection in jails by embarking upon a cross-country road trip. However, the same issues the officer initially wrestled with begin cropping up in different cities, on various highways and in a multitude of states. The excitement and adventure of the open road runs parallel to the recurring imprisonment of the guard's mind.Master of Fine Arts
16
Plicka, Joseph B. "Man Down South". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1618.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródła
17
Thornburg, Chrissie. "“Valentine’s Day” and Other Works". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115171/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The following collection includes three short stories and two essays compiled with a critical preface. “Valentine’s Day” explores the limits of friendship and love in various situations including, two road trips (one fictional and one factual), pet ownership, and the impersonations of Frank Sinatra.
18
Mancini, Luca. "A tool for management of trim influencing parameters in road sport motorbikes". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The necessity of software tools in charge of replacing physical systems to implement tests and evaluations on motorcycles constitutes a major priority in current companies’ research and development and testing departments. In particular, the ability to perform simulations and analyses on the trim of production motorbikes constitutes an important resource in terms of cost reduction and fast prototyping. The integration of easy-to-use user interfaces consists in a great improvement and benefit from the point of view of interoperability, easing communication between departments and engineers targeted to different working areas.
This thesis work proposes the integration, upgrade and development of a software tool and its entire ecosystem with the aim of computing the trim of road sport motorbikes. Starting from the basic implementation of the core functions and a simple interface, the work covered the construction of a motorcycle and component database. Integrating the database with the tool, the realization of a graphical user interface (GUI) allowed to apply a user complete customization on the input motorbike model. The availability of data acquired from track tests has been exploited and the tool expanded and modified to accept and perform simulations on these data. At the same time an additional interface allowed reorganization, filtering and visualization of the acquired data. To validate the approach proposed in the end a sensitivity analysis has been carried out on the variation of some
setup parameters over real input data.
19
Hu, Zhen Kimble H. Jeff Kimble H. Jeff. "Quantum optics with cold atoms--nonlinear spectroscopy and road toward single-atom trap /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1995. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10112007-092812.
Pełny tekst źródła
20
Nagendran, Vinay. "Characterization of exhaust emissions from catalyzed trap-equipped non-road heavy-duty diesel engines". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3166.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 143 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-129).
21
Ackermann, Marc Antoni Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bleck, Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Krupp i Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Theisen. "Bainitic TRIP steels for controlled cooled wire rod / Marc Antoni Ackermann ; Wolfgang Bleck, Ulrich Krupp, Werner Theisen". Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227447507/34.
Pełny tekst źródła
22
Kat, Cor-Jacques. "Suspension forces on a tri-axle air suspended semi-trailer". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06242009-153546/.
Pełny tekst źródła
23
Wills, Johnny. "DNA-based hair sampling to identify road crossings and estimate population size of black bears in Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34932.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The planned widening of U.S. Highway 17 along the east boundary of Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDSNWR) and a lack of knowledge about the refugeâ s bear population created the need to identify potential sites for wildlife crossings and estimate the size of the refugeâ s bear population. I collected black bear hair in order to collect DNA samples to estimate population size, density, and sex ratio, and determine road crossing locations for black bears (Ursus americanus) in GDSNWR in southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. I also investigated bear/vehicle collisions to determine patterns of road crossing.
Genetic analysis of 344 hair samples collected on 2 trapping grids identified 85 unique individuals which I used in a mark-recapture analysis. Estimated population size on the trapping grids was 105 bears (95% CI = 91-148) and average density was 0.56 bears/km2. This density estimate projected over the entire Great Dismal Swamp ecosystem yielded a population estimate of 308 bears (550 km2 X 0.56 bears/km2). Similar population estimates generated by Hellgren (1988), Tredick (2005), and this study suggest a stable bear population in the Great Dismal Swamp ecosystem over a 20-year period.
I erected a 2.3-kilometer long strand of barbed wire along U. S. Highway 17 to monitor road crossing patterns near the Northwest River drainage. Genetic analysis identified 6 bears (4 males, 1 female, 1 unknown) that apparently crossed the highway in a 10-month period. Five of 6 bears deposited hair in a 171-m section which included the Northwest River corridor. The 6 bears detected crossed the road at least 11 times.
I investigated 10 reports of bear/vehicle collisions on the periphery of the refuge from June 2000 to May 2002. Six bears (4M:1F:1 unknown) were confirmed killed during this time period. Based on reported bear/vehicle collisions from Hellgren (1988), the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries database, and this study, a minimum of 4 to 5 bears are struck by vehicles each year on the periphery of the refuge. I identified 2 areas of multiple bear/vehicle collisions: highway 58 on the north side of the refuge near Hampton Airport and Highway 17 on the eastern side of the refuge in the vicinity of the Northwest River corridor.
Master of Science
24
Oliveira, Mário José Garrido de. "Hierarquização para orientar a manutenção de rodovias não-pavimentadas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-23112006-082838/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
O trabalho mostra que a distribuição de qualidade de viagem do ponto de vista de quem usa rodovias, o Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) e o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) podem contribuir para aperfeiçoar o manuseio de informação para hierarquizar necessidades de intervenção, e orientar manutenção de rodovias não-pavimentadas acessível a cidades pequenas do Brasil. Para isso foram estudadas escalas de classificação geradas a partir de análise sobre distribuições de variáveis que descrevem defeitos de rodovias não-pavimentadas em função de opiniões emitidas por habitantes e produtores rurais. O GPS de navegação foi usado para determinar coordenadas de pontos de rodovias. O SIG usado é brasileiro e de domínio público. A argumentação foi obtida em estudo de caso sobre as rodovias de Nova Europa, estado de São Paulo, Brasil.This dissertation shows that the distribution of trip quality from the point of view of highway users, the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the system of Geographical Information System (GIS) can contribute with information accessible to brazilian small cities administrators to classify the hierarchy of intervention necessities to guide the maintenance of non-paved roads. Scales of classification from analysis on distributions of variables were studied describing non-paved roads defects obtained from the study of the opinions of inhabitants and rural producers. The GPS of navigation was used to determine coordinates of highway points. The GIS used is a brazilian product of public domain. The argument was gotten in a case study on highways from the city of Nova Europa, state of São Paulo, Brazil.
25
Wang, Tao. "Improved Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) Estimation for Local Roads using Parcel-Level Travel Demand Modeling". FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/623.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) is a critical input to many transportation analyses. By definition, AADT is the average 24-hour volume at a highway location over a full year. Traditionally, AADT is estimated using a mix of permanent and temporary traffic counts. Because field collection of traffic counts is expensive, it is usually done for only the major roads, thus leaving most of the local roads without any AADT information. However, AADTs are needed for local roads for many applications. For example, AADTs are used by state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) to calculate the crash rates of all local roads in order to identify the top five percent of hazardous locations for annual reporting to the U.S. DOT.
This dissertation develops a new method for estimating AADTs for local roads using travel demand modeling. A major component of the new method involves a parcel-level trip generation model that estimates the trips generated by each parcel. The model uses the tax parcel data together with the trip generation rates and equations provided by the ITE Trip Generation Report. The generated trips are then distributed to existing traffic count sites using a parcel-level trip distribution gravity model. The all-or-nothing assignment method is then used to assign the trips onto the roadway network to estimate the final AADTs. The entire process was implemented in the Cube demand modeling system with extensive spatial data processing using ArcGIS.
To evaluate the performance of the new method, data from several study areas in Broward County in Florida were used. The estimated AADTs were compared with those from two existing methods using actual traffic counts as the ground truths. The results show that the new method performs better than both existing methods. One limitation with the new method is that it relies on Cube which limits the number of zones to 32,000. Accordingly, a study area exceeding this limit must be partitioned into smaller areas. Because AADT estimates for roads near the boundary areas were found to be less accurate, further research could examine the best way to partition a study area to minimize the impact.
26
Ameli, Mostafa. "Heuristic Methods for Calculating Dynamic Traffic Assignment Simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment: meta-heuristic solution methods with parallel computing Non-unicity of day-to-day multimodal user equilibrium: the network design history effect Improving traffic network performance with road banning strategy: a simulation approach comparing user equilibrium and system optimum". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET009.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Les systèmes de transport sont caractérisés de manière dynamique non seulement par des interactions non linéaires entre les différents composants, mais également par des boucles de rétroaction entre l'état du réseau et les décisions des utilisateurs. En particulier, la congestion du réseau impacte à la fois la répartition de la demande locale en modifiant les choix d’itinéraire et la demande multimodale globale. Selon les conditions du réseau, ils peuvent décider de changer, par exemple, leur mode de transport. Plusieurs équilibres peuvent être définis pour les systèmes de transport. L'équilibre de l'utilisateur correspond à la situation dans laquelle chaque utilisateur est autorisé à se comporter de manière égoïste et à minimiser ses propres frais de déplacement. L'optimum du système correspond à une situation où le coût total du transport de tous les utilisateurs est minimal. Dans ce contexte, l’étude vise à calculer les modèles de flux d'itinéraires dans un réseau prenant en compte différentes conditions d’équilibre et à étudier l’équilibre du réseau dans un contexte dynamique. L'étude se concentre sur des modèles de trafic capables de représenter une dynamique du trafic urbain à grande échelle. Trois sujets principaux sont abordés. Premièrement, des méthodes heuristiques et méta-heuristiques rapides sont développées pour déterminer les équilibres avec différents types de trafic. Deuxièmement, l'existence et l'unicité des équilibres d'utilisateurs sont étudiées. Lorsqu'il n'y a pas d'unicité, la relation entre des équilibres multiples est examinée. De plus, l'impact de l'historique du réseau est analysé. Troisièmement, une nouvelle approche est développée pour analyser l’équilibre du réseau en fonction du niveau de la demande. Cette approche compare les optima des utilisateurs et du système et vise à concevoir des stratégies de contrôle afin de déplacer la situation d'équilibre de l'utilisateur vers l'optimum du systèmeTransport systems are dynamically characterized not only by nonlinear interactions between the different components but also by feedback loops between the state of the network and the decisions of users. In particular, network congestion affects both the distribution of local demand by modifying route choices and overall multimodal demand. Depending on the conditions of the network, they may decide to change for example their transportation mode. Several equilibria can be defined for transportation systems. The user equilibrium corresponds to the situation where each user is allowed to behave selfishly and to minimize his own travel costs. The system optimum corresponds to a situation where the total transport cost of all the users is minimum. In this context, the study aims to calculate route flow patterns in a network considering different equilibrium conditions and study the network equilibrium in a dynamic setting. The study focuses on traffic models capable of representing large-scale urban traffic dynamics. Three main issues are addressed. First, fast heuristic and meta-heuristic methods are developed to determine equilibria with different types of traffic patterns. Secondly, the existence and uniqueness of user equilibria is studied. When there is no uniqueness, the relationship between multiple equilibria is examined. Moreover, the impact of network history is analyzed. Thirdly, a new approach is developed to analyze the network equilibrium as a function of the level of demand. This approach compares user and system optimums and aims to design control strategies in order to move the user equilibrium situation towards the system optimum
27
McNaughton, Alaina Christine. "More Than Road Trips and Rangers in Flat Hats: Recognizing Millennial Perceptions of the National Park Service to Effectively Engage the Next Generation of Park Stewards". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/439295.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
HistoryM.A.
Despite popular perceptions that the National Park Service (NPS) is first and foremost the steward of spectacular natural vistas, two-thirds of the system’s nearly four hundred parks exist explicitly to protect and interpret cultural and historic resources. It is this perception that the NPS only cares for Western natural wonders that impedes the agency, especially as it looks to the future. If the National Park Service is looking to cultivate the next generation of stewards, as employees, visitors, or advocates, it must understand how this diverse audience perceives the NPS. This thesis argues that this next generation of millennials perceives the National Park Service as a purveyor of natural wonders in the Western United States, road trip destinations. While the NPS is far from only “Western nature parks,” this popular perception permeates the next generation of park stewards. With this in mind, this thesis argues that the National Park Service must actively prioritize this next generation by defining who they are, recognize their perceptions and needs from the NPS, and understand how to best engage them in all aspects of natural and cultural resources. The NPS has a long history of youth engagement and outreach, in both natural and cultural resources, illustrating its importance to the agency. Looking to the future, it is imperative that the NPS supports youth engagement and outreach in a more productive and inclusive way.
Temple University--Theses
28
Silva, Janaina Bezerra. "Aplicação da teoria de análise de rede social e proposta de um esquema conceitual para desenvolvimento de uma infraestrutura de dados espaciais para transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-21102014-110115/.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Os dados espaciais têm sido utilizados para o monitoramento ambiental de consequências de acidentes com produtos químicos no transporte de produtos perigosos. A Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais (IDE), que foi criada para a disponibilização e uso de dados espaciais, esbarra na ausência de políticas para dar suporte a essa realização. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é explorar o uso da teoria de Análise de Rede Social (ARS) para diagnosticar a articulação entre as organizações do setor, e discutir as políticas e acordos institucionais vigentes e criar um esquema conceitual de uma IDE para gerenciamento de acidentes relacionados ao Transporte Rodoviário de Produtos Perigosos (TRPP). Neste contexto, esta pesquisa identificou as instituições que tratam do tema TRPP, para que informações sobre o interesse no uso e compartilhamento de dados espaciais através de uma IDE pudessem ser coletadas através de entrevistas, e desta forma, consolidadas. As entrevistas foram aplicadas de forma presencial em 39 instituições. A aplicação da teoria Análise de Rede Social (ARS) pôde diagnosticar o fluxo dos dados entre as instituições através da representação gráfica das redes de disponibilização e utilização de dados espaciais entre as organizações participantes. A partir de então, foram analisados e discutidos os acordos vigentes para compartilhamento de dados espaciais. Os resultados compilados permitiram propor um esquema conceitual de uma IDE para apoio a desastres envolvendo o TRPP, para, então, prover a elaboração de metodologia para o suporte ao diagnóstico da articulação entre os diversos atores de uma IDE. A finalidade é a possível a formulação de políticas para disponibilização de dados espaciais para tomada de decisões preventivas e de enfrentamento de desastres. Os resultados indicaram que as 39 instituições compartilham dados espaciais entre si, ainda que nem sempre por acordos formais preestabelecidos. Constatou-se ainda que há um grande anseio por parte das instituições que fazem o gerenciamento de acidentes envolvendo o TRPP para que haja mecanismos legais para compartilhamento de dados estruturantes para planejamento territorial - para que o uso desses dados possa auxiliar na preparação, prevenção, gerenciamento e socorro imediato aos incidentes que envolvem o TRPP.Spatial data have been used for environmental monitoring of chemical accidents on the road transportation of dangerous goods. The Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has been created to availability and use of spatial data, however, it emphasizes that there are no policies to support this realization. The main aim of this work is to create a conceptual scheme of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for management of transport of Dangerous Goods by road, focusing on the political context. It was identified the institutions that deal with the subject of road transportation of hazardous materials, Moreover the interviews could be consolidated. The interviews were administered by face, in 39 institutions. Interview data were ran in software UCINET, 2000 to obtain metrics related to centrality measures. The application of the theory of Social Network Analysis (ARS) could recognize the flow of data between institutions through the enrolled institutions. Furthermore, it was analyzed the network availability and use aspects of spatial data sharing between the organizations. Besides, the compiled results allowed to propose a conceptual scheme of a SDI to support technological disasters with road transportation of hazardous materials throw the SNA theory applied to investigation of spatial data sharing between different stakeholders to make prevention and risk management of the sector. Therefore, the analysis of the theory of Social Network Analysis (ARS) found that 39 (thirty-nine) institutions share spatial data between themselves, but not always in formal agreements previously established. It was further observed that there is a great desire on the part of the institutions that make the management of the accidents of this kind of transportation mode, so there are legal frameworks for data sharing for land cover uses, as a result the use of such data can be shared between different stakeholders to assist the preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery from incidents related to road dangerous goods transportation.
29
Peltonen, Joanna. "Development of effective algorithm for coupled thermal-hydraulics : neutron-kinetics analysis of reactivity transient". Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11033.
Pełny tekst źródła
30
Peltonen, Joanna. "Effective Spatial Mapping for Coupled Code Analysis of Thermal–Hydraulics/Neutron–Kinetics of Boiling Water Reactors". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kärnkraftsäkerhet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122088.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Analyses of nuclear reactor safety have increasingly required coupling of full three dimensional neutron kinetics (NK) core models with system transient thermal–hydraulics (TH) codes. In order to produce results within a reasonable computing time, the coupled codes use two different spatial description of the reactor core. The TH code uses few, typically 5 to 20 TH channels, which represent the core. The NK code uses explicit one node for each fuel assembly. Therefore, a spatial mapping of a coarse grid TH and a fine grid NK domain is necessary. However, improper mappings may result in loss of valuable information, thus causing inaccurate prediction of safety parameters. The purpose of this thesis is to study the effectiveness of spatial coupling (channel refinement and spatial mapping) and develop recommendations for NK/TH mapping in simulation of safety transients. Additionally, sensitivity of stability (measured by Decay Ratio and Frequency) to the different types of mapping schemes, is analyzed against OECD/NEA Ringhals–1 Stability Benchmark data. The research methodology consists of spatial coupling convergence study, by increasing the number of TH channels and varying mapping approaches, up to and including the reference case. The reference case consists of one-to-one mapping: one TH channel per one fuel assembly. The comparisons of the results are done for steady–state and transient results. In this thesis mapping (spatial coupling) definition is formed and all the existing mapping approaches were gathered, analyzed and presented. Additionally, to increase the efficiency and applicability of spatial mapping convergence, a new mapping methodology has been proposed. The new mapping approach is based on hierarchical clustering method; the method of unsupervised learning that is adopted by many researchers in many different scientific fields, thanks to its flexibility and robustness. The proposed new mapping method turns out to be very successful for spatial coupling problem and can be fully automatized allowing for significant time reduction in mapping convergence study. The steady–state results obtained from three different plant models for all the investigated cases are presented. All models achieved well converged steady–state and local parameters were compared and it was concluded that solid basis for further transient analysis was found. Analyzing the mapping performance, the best predictions for steady–state conditions are the mappings that include the power peaking factor feature alone or with any combination of other features. Additionally it is of value to keep the core symmetry (symmetry feature). The big part of this research is devoted to transient analysis. The selection of transients was done such that it covers a wide range of transients and gathered knowledge may be used for other types of transients. As a representative of a local perturbation, Control Rod Drop Accident was chosen. A specially prepared Feedwater Transient was investigated as a regional perturbation and a Turbine Trip is an example of a global one. In the case of local perturbation, it has been found that a number of TH channels is less important than the type of mapping, so a high number of TH channels does not guarantee improved results. To avoid unnecessary averaging and to obtain the best prediction, hot channel and core zone where accident happens should be always separated from the rest. The best performance is achieved with mapping according power peaking factors, and therefore this one is recommended for such type of perturbation. The regional perturbation has been found to be more challenging than the others. This kind of perturbation is strongly dependent on mapping type that affects the power increase rate, SCRAM time, onset of instability, development of limit cycle, etc. It has been also concluded that a special effort is needed for input model preparation. In contrast to the regional perturbation, the global perturbation is found to be the least demanding transient. Here, the number of TH channels and type of mapping do not have significant impact on average plant behaviour – general plant response is always well recreated. A special effort has also been paid to investigate the core stability performance, in both global and regional mode. It has been found that in case of unstable cores, a low number of TH channels significantly suppresses the instability. For these cases number of TH channels is very important and therefore at least half of the core has to be modeled to have a confidence in predicted DR and FR. In case of regional instability in order to get correct performance of out-of-phase oscillations, it is recommended to use full-scale model. If this is not possible, the mapping which is a mixture of 1st power mode and power peaking factors, should be used. The general conclusions and recommendations are summarized at the end of this thesis. Development of these recommendations was one of the purposes of this investigation and they should be taken into consideration while designing new coupled TH/NK models and choosing mapping strategy for a new transient analysis.QC 20130516
31
Fohet, Loélia. "Dissémination et vieillissement des particules d'usure de pneumatiques : impacts environnementaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0056.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Les particules d'usure de pneumatiques (Tire and Road Wear Particles - TRWP) sont des particules issues de l'abrasion des pneus sur la route lors de leur roulage. Elles sont de plus en plus étudiées du fait de leur impact encore mal connu sur l'environnement, notamment par les molécules qu'elles peuvent relarguer. En effet, la composition de la bande de roulement, dont elles proviennent, est complexe et constitue un cocktail de produits chimiques. Lors de ces travaux de thèse, des vieillissements de ces particules ont été réalisés en conditions accélérées (photochimique et thermique) et naturelles. Par la suite, nous avons suivi l'évolution au cours du temps de la concentration de 3 additifs (antioxydants et agents de vulcanisation) et 20 produits de transformation au sein des particules grâce à la chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse. Il est montré que les additifs peuvent se dégrader rapidement - avec des temps de demi-vie de quelques dizaines de jours - notamment lorsque l'on soumet les TRWP à un vieillissement photochimique. En revanche, dans le noir les molécules semblent se dégrader moins vite. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié l'évolution des mêmes molécules lorsque les TRWP sont mises en contact avec l'eau, dans des conditions plus proches de celles rencontrées dans l'environnement. La plupart des molécules étudiées sont peu lixiviées dans l'eau par rapport à la quantité totale présente dans les particules. Les TRWP pourraient ainsi constituer un réservoir de produits chimiques dans l'environnement. Enfin, nous avons recherché une méthodologie efficace pour identifier les TRWP dans un échantillon prélevé dans l'environnement, à travers la microscopie et l'imagerie infrarouge, étudiant leur morphologie et leur composition chimiqueTire and Road Wear Particles (TRWPs) are particles resulting from the abrasion of tires on the road while driving. They are being studied more and more because of their still poorly understood impact on the environment, particularly because of the molecules they can release. Indeed, the composition of tire tread is complex and constitutes a cocktail of chemical products. During this work, ageing of these particles was carried out under accelerated (photoaging and thermoaging) and natural conditions. Then, we followed the evolution of the concentration of 3 additives (antioxidants and vulcanization agents) and 20 transformation products within the particles thanks to liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The additives can degrade rapidly - with a half-life of a dozen of days - especially when TRWPs are subjected to photochemical aging. On the other hand, in the dark, the molecules seem to degrade more slowly. As a second step, we studied the evolution of the same molecules when TRWPs are in contact with water, in conditions closer to the environment. Most of the studied molecules are leached little into water compared to the total amount present in the particles. Thus, TRWPs could constitute a reservoir of chemicals in the environment. Finally, we looked for an efficient methodology to identify TRWPs in a sample taken in the environment, through microscopy and infrared imaging, by studying their morphology and their chemical composition
32
Smith, Parker T. "The Rise of China: Assessing "Revisionist" Behavior in the Global Economy". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556282376960416.
Pełny tekst źródła
33
Nakhli, Abdelghani. "La mobilité urbaine à Marrakech : enjeux et perspectives". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A Marrakech, circuler dans la ville relève du défi. La ville connaît plusieurs problèmes en termes de mobilité, de stationnement et de transports publics. Les déplacements urbains posent également la question de la fluidité des mouvements, de la sécurité des usagers, de la qualité de vie et de la maîtrise des pollutions sonores et atmosphériques. La mobilité urbaine constitue donc un enjeu actuel et à venir pour la ville de Marrakech. Par ailleurs, la mobilité est un bon indicateur du comportement d’une ville. Comment les Marrakchis se déplacent-ils au quotidien dans leur ville ? Qui se déplace et pour quels motifs ? A quelle fréquence et à quel prix ? Marrakech enregistre 5 millions de mouvements par jour. Sur l’ensemble des déplacements, 60% se font à pied, 21% en deux roues, 15% en voiture et 4% par les transports en commun. Paradoxalement, cette répartition pose déjà des problèmes de congestion et d’insécurité du trafic. Pour quelles raisons Marrakech est-elle arrivée à ce constat ? Quelles sont les mesures mises en place pour améliorer la mobilité urbaine ? D’autres propositions d’amélioration peuvent-elles être apportées en termes de stationnement, de circulation et de transports ?To drive and to walk in Marrakesh is very demanding. Main issues concerns mobility, parking and public transport. The global approach on urban transportation also concerns the freely flowing, the safety of the users, the quality of life as well as the sound and air pollutions. Therefore, urban mobility is a current and a future issue in the city of Marrakesh. Moreover, the concept of urban mobility is a relevant indicator of the urban policy of a city. How do the unhabitants daily move in their city? More precisely, who moves and what are the reasons that lead people to move? What is the frequency of these moves and what is the price to pay for moving? Five millions of daily trips are counted in Marrakesh. These daily trips share out like this way: 60% are on-foot trips, 21% are two-wheels trips, 15% are car trips and 4% are public transport trips. The paradox consists in this sharing already causes problems of traffic jam and insecurity of the roads. How Marrakech has led to this point? What kind of measures have been chosen to improve urban mobility in Marrakesh? Are there other suggestions that could make the parking, the driving and the transportation to get better?
34
Mulholland, Jill Cecilia. "Light celebrating place, West Texas Road Trip". 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1234.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The dissertation explores the ability of light to embody and enhance the spirit of
place in the Big Bend section of West Texas. A series of surveys and research
investigated and then paired elements of light and place that were designed, and installed
or simulated, in four experiential case studies. The case studies were evaluated by
published authors of light and place and the dissertation committee and deemed mostly
successful. Light installations can be embodied and enhance the spirit of place, the
installations which were experienced “live” did this most effectively.
35
CHAOYUEHE i 何超越. "On Personal Tightest Trip Planning Query in Road Networks". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s375y9.
Pełny tekst źródła
36
Macfarlane, Heather. "Road work: Theorizing the road trip narrative in Anglophone, Quebecois and Indigenous literatures in Canada". 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=742179&T=F.
Pełny tekst źródła
37
Morris, Samantha. "Mapping the family road trip: the automobile, the family, and outdoor recreation in postwar British Columbia". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3004.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis is located at the intersection of several bodies of literature. While material exists on the histories of tourism, the automobile and the family, this combination of literature is previously uncharted territory in the history of British Columbia. By looking at the articles and advertisements published in newspapers and magazines, this work focuses on the dominant discourse surrounding the family and the automobile in postwar British Columbia. Conceptually, it is divided into two sections. The first discusses the role of the automobile in the postwar family, examining ways in which cultural producers framed it as a site of family togetherness and an essential component of modern fatherhood and masculine domesticity. This discourse correlated the automobile’s gendered dynamics with roles of modern parenthood and the experience of childhood, effectively blurring the distinction between the domestic and the public. The second section brings the family automobile into the natural environment, exploring ways in which the automobile and other outdoor technologies shaped the family’s relationship to nature. Through the gendered consumption of goods associated with the outdoors, cultural producers portrayed facilitation of the family’s access to the outdoors as a fundamental component of modern fatherhood.
38
Fang, Ssu-Han, i 方思涵. "Research of Digital Creativity and Value-addition on Road Trip－Study of County Highway Loop of 174-175-172-165". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nyn984.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士南榮技術學院
工程科技研究所碩士班
102
To the north, Dongshan District is neighboring to the districts of Xinying, Houbi and Baihe by Chishui Creek. To the south, Dongshan District is neighboring to Liuying District by Kueichung Creek. The east side of Dongshan District is neighboring to Dapu Township of Chiayi County and Nanhsi District of Tainan City by Dadong Mountains. Total land area is around 125 square kilometers. Besides a small portion engaging in industry and business, most residence of Dongshan District are working on agriculture with 2391 hectares of farmland and 4673 hectares of forest land. The irrigation water mostly comes from Chianan Irrigation System and Baihe Reservoir. Benefited from rich soil and water, Dongshan District produces abundant and diversified agriculture produces. “Dongshan Coffee Corridor” is situated in County Road 175. Along highway 175, a number of coffee shops provide a leisure stop and a taste of the bitterness and the deliciousness of the local coffee. Meanwhile, the road loop of county highway 174-175-172 is a good place for the cyclists to challenge their endurance and train their muscular endurance. This road loop is also a favorite spot for the motorcyclists for enjoying the beauty of the corridor and breathing of the countryside atmosphere. Integrating the road trip scenario with local affection and religious believing etc. has become important tourist activities. Therefore, utilizing digital creativity and value-addition to properly, digitally archive the distinctive Dongshan Coffee Culture is a meaningful research topic. Using Google Map internet platform, this research integrates digital creativity and value-addition to not only expand the possibility of designing a road trip but also enhance the breadth of the technology media applications and, therefore, increase the comfort of people's living. Furthermore, combing digital and cultural innovation, utilizing 2D digital technology e-books and Flash multimedia, using web page’s integrated navigation, revealing digital technology creativity, , adding by a digital marketing and dissemination, employing information technology for digitization and integrating the usage of product or service, the benefits of the tourism industry are highly enhanced.
39
Cimmino, Angela Maria. "On the run and on the road. A study of the representation of the road in Contemporary American Literature and Movies". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/24924.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Esta dissertação tem como intuito analisar a importância da viagem na estrada e como esta se torna icónica durante o início dos anos sessenta nos Estados Unidos da América. Através de exemplos significativos presentes na literatura norte-americana, como On the Road (1957), Travels With Charley (1962) e Rules of the Road (1998), esta dissertação tentará demonstrar quão relevante a viagem é e como esta pode influenciar as pessoas que a experienciam. Filmes também farão parte desta análise. Em particular, a importância da estrada no cinema será analisada através de Easy Rider (1969), Thelma & Louise (1991) e The Straight Story (1999). A análise inclui a contextualização destas obras e algumas noções referentes a técnicas cinematográficas e como estas podem influenciar o espectador. A abordagem de obras literárias e cinematográficas servirá para fundamentar um dos principais objectivos desta dissertação: o de demonstar como a viagem na estrada poderá ser muito mais que uma comum viagem e como a jornada muitas das vezes corresponde a uma mudança do foro íntimo.This dissertation intends to analyze the importance of the road trip and how it became iconic during the early 1960s in the United States of America. Through significant examples in American literature, such as On the Road (1957), Travels With Charley (1962) and Rules of the Road (1998), this dissertation attempts to show how meaningful the road may be and how it can shape people who embrace it. Films are also part of this analysis. In particular, through Easy Rider (1969), Thelma & Louise (1991) and The Straight Story (1999) the importance of the road on screen will be examined. The analysis includes the contextualization of these films and some notions concerning cinematographic techniques and how they can influence the audience. Focusing on books and movies, one of the main objectives of this dissertation will be to demonstrate how road trips may be much more than regular trips and how the physical journey often corresponds to an inner change.
40
林柏丞. "Applying TRIZ in analyzing On-Road Service Extension for Air cargo in Taiwan". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74044465160121347241.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立政治大學
國際經營管理碩士班(IMBA)
96
Innovation is the core for service industry. There are different phases for service innovation; it is an evolving to the end user; service extension is one kind of the innovation. However, the service innovation is difficult to be evaluated, which is intangible; it’s about the perception form the end users. Finding a practical way to scientifically describe or compare “perception”, “feeling”…etc becomes an interesting topic for studying. The case we have is about the Service extension of Air cargo business. The issues for the service extension include: (1) how can the information technology support the service extension? (2) how is the cost effectiveness (3) how is the limitation and impact for the service extension? (4) how does the market feedback for the service extension? The methodology we used is TRIZ, which is applied well in the hardware innovation. First, TRIZ is a systematical way to clarify the status quo of the operation system; the possible solution can be come out from TRIZ’s systematically analysis! In the last, TRIZ is also applied for the solution evaluating. In this study, TRIZ’s Contradiction analysis is used for constructing and identifying the issues for the service extension; the 40 TRIZ principles is used for working out and evaluating the possible solutions. Key word: Service innovation, Service Extension, Air cargo, Express, TRIZ Contradiction Analysis, TRIZ principles.
41
Hu, Zhen. "Quantum optics with cold atoms--nonlinear spectroscopy and road toward single-atom trap". Thesis, 1995. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4038/1/Hu_z_1995.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.
Investigations of optical processes for laser cooled and trapped atoms are described. Fluorescence from Cs atoms in a magneto-optical trap is detected under conditions of very low atomic density. Discrete steps are observed in the fluorescent signal versus time and are associated with the arrival and departure of individual trapped atoms. Histograms of the frequency of occurrence of a given level of fluorescence exhibit a series of uniformly spaced peaks that are attributed to the presence of N = 0, 1, 2 atoms in the trap.
In addition, numerical absorption and emission spectra for three-level [...], [...], and V systems under intense radiations are calculated. Absorption spectra for a [...] system is used to explain the probe-wave amplification and absorption spectra recorded for Cs atoms cooled and confined in a magneto-optical trap, in which novel spectral features of narrow frequency widths with single-pass gain exceeding 20% are observed. The consequence of the optical gain is demonstrated to lead to negative radiation pressure, which is investigated together with other mechanical forces in the trap. Various alternative trapping schemes in three-level and two-level atoms are proposed
as possible means to compress an atomic sample and demonstrated for a two-level magneto-optical trap.
42
Feltham, Carla. "Preservation: resonance of the actual: an investigation of the phenomenon of 'on-the-road' photography". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1039470.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Masters Research - Master of Fine Arts (MFA)Preservation: Resonance of the Actual refers to fundamental questions and explorations regarding the phenomenon of ‘on-the-road’ photography and the impact of photographers who practice it in their role of depicting society. These central ideas underpin all aspects of my research, studio based and theoretical. Firstly, I discuss the projects that comprise my MFA practical work, within the framework of three field trips, one to the US exploring notions of being an outsider, another field trip focusing on my external environments close to home and most recently a trip into landscapes further afield, in western New South Wales. The paper then discusses theories advanced by authors Walter Benjamin, drawing on Charles Baudelaire’s concept of the flâneur and Roland Barthes’ notion of studium and punctum both in relation to my own work and other photographic artists including Walker Evans, William Eggleston and Alec Soth This research comprises three parts. Firstly, the paper presents an investigation into the theme of ‘on-the-road’ photography, which in turn leads to an analysis of the purpose of photographers’ documentation of everyday scenes. I examine both the historical and contemporary situation, looking at how this has challenged traditional ideas of beauty. Through this research I also question the value society places on the uncommissioned photographic archive, and the worth it finds contained within. Lastly, I explore the impact of curator and writer John Szarkowski, as well as photographers Paul Graham, Stephen Shore, Zoe Leonard, and Trent Parke. These artists have been a source of inspiration for much of my work and create a framework against which I can assess my own output and reflect on different elements of my practice.
43
Warren, Benjamin Charles. "International patent rights under the TRIPs Agreement : the road to a more equitable international regime of patent rights". Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14481.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The International protection of Intellectual property has become an issue of major
importance over the past century. This has led to the signing of Agreement on Trade
Related Aspects of International Property Rights (hereinafter TRIPs), on April 15, 1994,
at the conclusion of the WTO Uruguay Round of negotiations.
The practical effect of TRIPs is the harmonization of world patent laws. This
harmonization has resulted in an over-arching umbrella framework used to apply legal
standards to two expansive areas of human development. The first is a legal application
to International social and economic conditions, which pit developed nations against
developing nations. The second is a legal application to the forefront of controversial
scientific conditions as humankind continues to push the envelope on bio-scientific
progress.
The International issues that the incredibly broad application of the TRIPs Agreement
attempts to address is doing nothing but making the interpretation df the vague language
a confusing and onerous task for all the parties involved. This is primarily due to the
large range of smaller, yet complex issues that the TRIPs agreement attempts to address
and the large number of issues that various parties have tried to apply the' TRIPS
agreement too.
In this thesis, it is shown that the attempt to use an all encompassing umbrella treaty to
solve problems which deal with topics that range from patent protection for essential
medicines in developing nations to the moral issues that are involved in patenting life is
an unrealistic goal.
The literature review consists of a critique of the current regime's ability to accomplish
its intended goals. After the literature review, the following two chapters each cover a
broad issue that the TRIPs Agreement attempts to address or that various parties have
tried to apply the TRIPs Agreement to. Chapter Three is a discussion of the
International social and economic impacts that the TRIPs Agreement may have on
developing nations. Chapter Four explores how the TRIPs Agreement attempts to deal
with the patenting of emerging life science products and the criteria for patentable
subject matter. The final Chapter presents six prominent recommendations for change.
44
Chiang, Wei-Chin, i 江維晉. "The Research of the Innovative Design by Integrating TRIZ and QFD theories - On-Road Bicycle as an example". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49359622736205367543.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
工業工程與管理系
99
In recent years, many activities have been achieved by cycling the purpose of recreation and sports. In order to enable consumers to ride comfort, and lower sports injuries, knee load, awkward posture and limb caused by factors such as incidence of disease, with good comfort and innovative design is an important consideration. Purpose of this study research which uses Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to integrate the customer’s opinions and technical staff’s Ideas, then finds out the customers design improvement ideas for providing researchers with a new direction of thinking. QFD matrix elements by functional factors and customer expectations that constitute the two major factors, which functional elements of on-road bicycle are obtained through analyzing the patents by TRIZ method; and customer expectations are researched literature review. The study collects the views of the 46 customers and 13 of technical personnel, then puts data into QFD matrix. The results shows that customer expectations of a good On-Road bicycle’s priority keys: (1) provide customers comfort, (2) rugged durability, (3) the main consideration in the sales price and (4) portability riding experience. Addition to the import feature elements of customer expectations, by the technical staff perspective their mutual relations, the data show, (1) car bed system shock absorption, (2) ease of maintenance repair , (3) System stability, (4) parts scalability and (5) car bed system material, these five are the primary focus of future bicycle projects need to improve.
45
Monteiro, João Pedro Medina. "Avaliação multicritério da ciclabilidade de uma rede viária urbana". Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84892.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Civil apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaDevido à crescente preocupação com as emissões de gases de efeito de estufa, a congestão nas cidades e o aumento dos preços dos combustíveis, os modos de transporte ativos (também designados por suaves) assumem um lugar de relevância em todo o mundo. Encorajados pela agenda europeia e promovidos por políticas nacionais e locais em vários países, os modos de transporte ativos constituem uma via fundamental para se atingir um ambiente urbano sustentável.Em especial, a bicicleta é um modo de transporte promissor para a mobilidade urbana somando múltiplos benefícios relativamente aos transportes motorizados. É um transporte competitivo, em tempo de viagem, em meio urbano para distâncias até 5 km, pouco intensivo energeticamente e livre de emissões, possibilitando uma redução da pegada de carbono. A sua utilização apresenta ainda benefícios para a saúde e redução de custos socioeconómicos e infraestruturais.Contudo, são vários os fatores que dificultam o uso da bicicleta como meio de transporte urbano regular. A literatura destaca a segurança, devido a interações com o tráfego motorizado, como um dos principais obstáculos. A implantação de ciclofaixas apresenta-se como a melhor solução. Contudo, devido a custos associados à consolidação existente na maioria das zonas urbanas e a restrições arquitetónicas, a sua construção pode ser inviável. Existem outras soluções, como a construção de ciclovias nas vias urbanas ou a partilha da via com o tráfego motorizado, sendo esta última a menos desejável.Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma metodologia científica de análise multicritério (neste caso multiatributo porque as alternativas são discretas e conhecidas à priori) utilizando o método ELECTRE Tri para avaliar a adequação da rede viária pré-existente à circulação de bicicletas, e que permite às entidades responsáveis melhorar as condições de ciclabilidade a partir das características da infraestrutura pré-existente. Para demonstrar a metodologia, apresentam-se os resultados da sua aplicação à rede viária de três zonas da cidade de Coimbra, Portugal.
Rising concerns over greenhouse emission effects, traffic congestion on cities, increasing prices of fossil fuels, and health issues have led to a surge of interest in active mobility, leading to an important role of the associated transport modes all over the world. Encouraged by the European agenda and promoted by local and national governments around Europe, active mobility is a fundamental way in achieve a sustainable urban environment.Bicycling, in particular, is a promising mode of transport for urban mobility, adding multiple benefits in comparison to fossil fuel motorized transports. It is competitive with respect to automobiles for distances up to 5 km, it has low energy intensity and is emissions-free, thus allowing a decrease of one's carbon footprint. Cycling also provides health and socioeconomic benefits, as well as a lower expense on infrastructures.However, the mass use of bicycles is hard to implement due to several factors. The literature highlights safety concerns as one of the main obstacles, mostly due to the (inevitable) need to interact with motorized traffic. Traffic segregation is one of the most desirable ways to address safety issues, but because of construction costs, highly consolidated urban areas and architectonic restrictions, building bicycle paths in a large scale is not always viable. There are, however, other solutions, like bicycle lanes or even shared lanes with motorized traffic, even though this last one should be considered as a last resort solution.This thesis introduces a scientific multicriteria methodology to evaluate the adequacy of the existing streets network and intersection infrastructure to the cycling mode. The methodology makes use of the multicriteria ELECTRE Tri method, which classifies each network arc from “poor” to “very good”, according to its performance on five criteria. The output, which can be plugged into a GIS for visualisation purposes, provides decision makers with a way to analyse the present situation and naturally suggests improvement strategies to the existing infrastructure, which can foster the choice for the cycling mode. The methodology was designed to allow for a quick and simple data collecting procedure and is demonstrated by a case study of the city of Coimbra, Portugal, which also proves its claimed scalability.
46
Pagnucco, Katie. "Using under-road tunnels to protect a declining population of long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in Waterton Lakes National Park". Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1244.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
I investigated the value of under-road tunnels as a conservation strategy to protect a long-toed salamander population, in south-west Alberta, whose overwintering sites and breeding habitat (Linnet Lake) are separated by a road. I conducted a mark-recapture study from 2008-2009, capturing salamanders using roadside fences and pitfall traps. Four tunnels were monitored in 2009 using traps and cameras. A 2008 estimate indicated that the population declined by 60% since 1994, however, road mortality was dramatically reduced following installation of fences and tunnels. Camera and trap data documented 130 salamanders navigating tunnels in 2009. I found little evidence of juvenile recruitment from Linnet Lake, likely because of predation by lake chub. Experiments showed that lake chub consumed salamander larvae, and fish presence altered larval behaviour. Continued monitoring is needed to determine if reduced road mortality translates into population gains, and whether fish predation threatens the persistence of the long-toed salamander population.Ecology
47
Crosby, Jonquil. "Amphibian Occurrence on South Okanagan Roadways: Investigating Movement Patterns, Crossing Hotspots, and Roadkill Mitigation Structure Use at the Landscape Scale". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8538.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Road expansion and increased traffic likely exacerbates barriers to amphibian migration and dispersal. Within British Columbia’s south Okanagan valley there is particular concern that the COSEWIC-listed blotched tiger salamander (Ambystoma mavortium melanostictum) and Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) are vulnerable to road effects in their annual movements from upland overwintering habitat to lowland breeding areas. My study utilizes a before after control impact approach to assess amphibian movement and population threats across this highway-bisected landscape. Throughout the spring and summer of 2010-2012, fifty two kilometers of roadways (31 km of highway, 21 km of paved backroad) were repeatedly surveyed from the Canada-USA border to north of Oliver, BC; surveys were carried out utilising vehicles and on foot. Along Highway 97, a three kilometer four-lane highway expansion project was constructed through 2010 and open to traffic use in 2011. Adjacent to a floodplain, survey effort was focused throughout this transect for informed roadkill mitigation structure placement and ongoing ecopassage effectiveness monitoring. Automated camera trap monitoring of culverts within highly concentrated amphibian road hotspots during spring and summer 2011 (three culverts) and 2012 (two culverts) resulted in over eight hundred amphibian culvert events observed. Two sample Wilcoxon tests revealed differences between years in amphibian occurrence between 2010 and 2012 (W = 4679.5, p= 0.02), and mortalities among transect areas, with the largest differences between years within the Osoyoos passing lanes transect. Amphibian mortalities within the passing lanes transect were significantly reduced with the implementation of mitigation structures (x̅2010= 13.2 ± 32.5, x̅2011= 4.7 ± 12.8, x̅2012= 2.3 ± 7.3; 2010 vs. 2012: W= 1535.5, p< 0.001). Roadkill mitigation structures proved effective in observed amphibian occurrence of the entire passing lanes stretch as well as at distances 100 m and 200 m from observed culverts. Double fenced areas resulted in a 94% reduction in amphibian road occurrence. Five species of amphibians were observed over the three survey years (4051 road incidences over 657 survey hours): Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas), long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) plus blotched tiger salamander and Great Basin spadefoot. This study aims to provide a better understanding of amphibian hotspots on roadways and ecopassage use within the south Okanagan. It may act as a catalyst to further wildlife-vehicle interaction studies with improved mitigation solutions for amphibian roadway fatalities.
48
CHANG, CHIEH-HAN, i 張介瀚. "The Impacts of 「One Belt and One Road」on the Transportation for Direct Trips Across Taiwan Strait – An Empirical Case between Taiwan and Fujian Route". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bk78r2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
碩士中華科技大學
航空運輸研究所在職專班
104
"One Belt and One Road" strategy was announced by Chinese paramount leader Xi Jinping in 2013, which consists mainly of two development projects, namely the land-based "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the oceangoing "21st-century Maritime Silk Road". China would establish new trading and transport links with Central Asia and Europe with this strategy. China (Fujian) Pilot Free-Trade Zone, the clostest free-trade zone to Taiwan, is the core area of "One Belt and One Road" and also the important starting point of "21st-century Maritime Silk Road". To participate in the "One Belt and One Road" strategy will increase rapidly in trading and investment between Taiwan and the Fujian Free-Trade Zone. Therefore, a more convenient mode of transportation across the Taiwan Straits to save time and transport costs is very important. This study will be based on SWOT analysis to investigate three modes of transportation cross-strait between Taiwan and Fujian at this stage, namely Mini-three-links, direct flights and the fast ferries across the Taiwan Straits, and also their future development. On the other hand, we will also interview the professionals from the transport industry to understand the planning for the various modes of transport under this policy, as well as for the company's future operating plans. In the study, we will construct the competitive strategy to provide reference and recommendations for the future planning and development.
49
Banerjee, Rajarshi. "Collective Behaviour of Confined Equilibrium And Non Equilibrium Soft Matter Systems". Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2745.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Due to their diversity, soft matter systems provide a convenient platform to study a variety of physical phenomena like phase transitions and collective motion. Encompassing a wide range of equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems, they often provide significant insight into the statistical mechanics of different kinds of many-body systems. Though large scale properties of such systems are of fundamental interest in their own accord, since most experimental realizations of soft matter systems are finite sized, there is a growing need to understand the effects of confinement or boundary conditions on the collective behaviour of such systems. The primary purpose of this thesis is to study the effects of boundary conditions or confinement on both equilibrium and non-equilibrium soft matter systems via theoretical modelling. For equilibrium systems we have studied a system of colloidal particles in harmonic confinement, and for non-equilibrium systems we consider a system of self-propelled rods in both harmonic and hard wall confinement.
In Chapter 1 we first lay down some basic concepts of stochastic dynamics and Brownian motion, before discussing some of the recent results on confinement effects on colloidal systems, showing how the properties of a finite sized colloidal system can be very different from those of large, un confined systems. Thereafter turning to non-equilibrium active systems, we discuss various fundamental problems posed by these systems due to their unique ability to generate and dissipate energy on their own. We also point out some instances of observed confinement effects in such systems, such as boundary aggregation and transient hedgehog-like clusters near the boundary.
Chapter 2 deals with the effect of harmonic confinement on a finite sized colloidal assembly, where we show that such finite size effects coupled with a confining potential can give rise to special features like initial position dependent expulsion of dopant particles. First we model experimentally studied small two-dimensional colloidal assemblies trapped by a defocussed laser beam by Langevin dynamics simulations in the presence of harmonic confinement and demonstrate how the system shows a crossover from liquid state to crystalline state as a function of the stiffness of the confinement. We also show that in the crystalline state the system can be effectively modelled as a rigid body under small force perturbations. Notably, while studying the dynamics of a defect particle inside these crystallites, we found evidence for the occurrence of self purification by the crystallites.
In this process, a dopant is spontaneously expelled out of the crystallite. Surprisingly, this phenomena has a strong dependence on the initial position of the dopant, which turns out to be the consequence of the non monotonic spatial variation of the free energy of the system as a function of the dopant position. This is caused by a difference in the rate of change of internal energy and entropy with the dopant position, with the entropy decreasing faster when the dopant is closer to the centre. This can be attributed to the amount of disruption of crystalline order in the assembly due to the incommensurate dimensions of the defect particle. In order to put these results in a general perspective, we verify in the last part of this chapter that the presence of this free energy barrier is independent of the exact functional forms of the confining potential and the interaction of a defect particle with the host particles, as well as the shape and size of the defect particle.
Moving to non-equilibrium systems, we consider, in Chapter 3, the effect of harmonic and hard wall confinement on a two-dimensional system of self-propelled rods (SPRs). Though there have been very limited studies of confinement effects on such systems, existing studies are adequate to show that their behaviour near a boundary wall can be very different, e.g. formation of hedgehog like clusters near a boundary wall. First we show that for harmonic confinement small systems show polar order, which decays with system size, eventually going away for large systems. But the effect of hard wall confinement turns out to be rather different, where the system shows isotropic and clustered states depending on the values of activity and density. We construct a complete activity-density phase diagram showing four distinct phases. For high density and high activity, the rods spontaneously arrange themselves into a stable vortex structure in which the rods exhibit global radial polar order.
Surprisingly this order does not decay with system size: the radial orientation of the rods exhibit strong spatial correlation even in large systems, ruling out the possibility that the radial order is a finite-size effect. Using other geometrical shapes of the hard wall boundary, we confirm this phase to be independent of the shape of the boundary. We also demonstrate how small modifications of the boundary conditions at the hard wall can collapse the clustered and vortex phases to a global flocking phase similar to that found in earlier studies of hydrodynamic active particles under confinement.
Based on these observations, we conclude that the bulk of the system is strongly affected by the subjected boundary condition, which is rather unusual for large systems.
In Chapter 4 this thesis concludes with a summary of the main results and suggestions for future work along similar lines
50
Banerjee, Rajarshi. "Collective Behaviour of Confined Equilibrium And Non Equilibrium Soft Matter Systems". Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2745.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Due to their diversity, soft matter systems provide a convenient platform to study a variety of physical phenomena like phase transitions and collective motion. Encompassing a wide range of equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems, they often provide significant insight into the statistical mechanics of different kinds of many-body systems. Though large scale properties of such systems are of fundamental interest in their own accord, since most experimental realizations of soft matter systems are finite sized, there is a growing need to understand the effects of confinement or boundary conditions on the collective behaviour of such systems. The primary purpose of this thesis is to study the effects of boundary conditions or confinement on both equilibrium and non-equilibrium soft matter systems via theoretical modelling. For equilibrium systems we have studied a system of colloidal particles in harmonic confinement, and for non-equilibrium systems we consider a system of self-propelled rods in both harmonic and hard wall confinement.
In Chapter 1 we first lay down some basic concepts of stochastic dynamics and Brownian motion, before discussing some of the recent results on confinement effects on colloidal systems, showing how the properties of a finite sized colloidal system can be very different from those of large, un confined systems. Thereafter turning to non-equilibrium active systems, we discuss various fundamental problems posed by these systems due to their unique ability to generate and dissipate energy on their own. We also point out some instances of observed confinement effects in such systems, such as boundary aggregation and transient hedgehog-like clusters near the boundary.
Chapter 2 deals with the effect of harmonic confinement on a finite sized colloidal assembly, where we show that such finite size effects coupled with a confining potential can give rise to special features like initial position dependent expulsion of dopant particles. First we model experimentally studied small two-dimensional colloidal assemblies trapped by a defocussed laser beam by Langevin dynamics simulations in the presence of harmonic confinement and demonstrate how the system shows a crossover from liquid state to crystalline state as a function of the stiffness of the confinement. We also show that in the crystalline state the system can be effectively modelled as a rigid body under small force perturbations. Notably, while studying the dynamics of a defect particle inside these crystallites, we found evidence for the occurrence of self purification by the crystallites.
In this process, a dopant is spontaneously expelled out of the crystallite. Surprisingly, this phenomena has a strong dependence on the initial position of the dopant, which turns out to be the consequence of the non monotonic spatial variation of the free energy of the system as a function of the dopant position. This is caused by a difference in the rate of change of internal energy and entropy with the dopant position, with the entropy decreasing faster when the dopant is closer to the centre. This can be attributed to the amount of disruption of crystalline order in the assembly due to the incommensurate dimensions of the defect particle. In order to put these results in a general perspective, we verify in the last part of this chapter that the presence of this free energy barrier is independent of the exact functional forms of the confining potential and the interaction of a defect particle with the host particles, as well as the shape and size of the defect particle.
Moving to non-equilibrium systems, we consider, in Chapter 3, the effect of harmonic and hard wall confinement on a two-dimensional system of self-propelled rods (SPRs). Though there have been very limited studies of confinement effects on such systems, existing studies are adequate to show that their behaviour near a boundary wall can be very different, e.g. formation of hedgehog like clusters near a boundary wall. First we show that for harmonic confinement small systems show polar order, which decays with system size, eventually going away for large systems. But the effect of hard wall confinement turns out to be rather different, where the system shows isotropic and clustered states depending on the values of activity and density. We construct a complete activity-density phase diagram showing four distinct phases. For high density and high activity, the rods spontaneously arrange themselves into a stable vortex structure in which the rods exhibit global radial polar order.
Surprisingly this order does not decay with system size: the radial orientation of the rods exhibit strong spatial correlation even in large systems, ruling out the possibility that the radial order is a finite-size effect. Using other geometrical shapes of the hard wall boundary, we confirm this phase to be independent of the shape of the boundary. We also demonstrate how small modifications of the boundary conditions at the hard wall can collapse the clustered and vortex phases to a global flocking phase similar to that found in earlier studies of hydrodynamic active particles under confinement.
Based on these observations, we conclude that the bulk of the system is strongly affected by the subjected boundary condition, which is rather unusual for large systems.
In Chapter 4 this thesis concludes with a summary of the main results and suggestions for future work along similar lines