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Wang, Yichu, Danlu Liu, Enhang Liang i Jinren Ni. "Structural Characteristics of Endorheic Rivers in the Tarim Basin". Remote Sensing 14, nr 18 (9.09.2022): 4502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184502.
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Endorheic rivers as landlocked systems with no hydrological connections to marine environments are suffering from water and ecosystem crisis worldwide, yet little is known about their structural characteristics with complex geomorphic and climatic dependence. Based on the river networks identified from 30 m resolution digital elevation models and surface water dynamic information derived from Landsat images, we investigate the hierarchical characteristics of 60 sub-basins in the Tarim Basin, the largest endorheic river basin in China. In the Tarim River basin, endorheic rivers exhibit a self-similarity only in the range of stream-orders 1–4, compared to the range of stream-orders 1–5 observed in exorheic rivers, owning to the limited stream power to maintain the similar aggregation of rivers in the arid regions. Moreover, the Tarim River networks demonstrate lower bifurcation ratio (2.48), length ratio (2.03), fractal dimension (1.38), and drainage density (0.24 km−1) in representative sub-basins, with a significant decay in median values compared with those derived from exohreic rivers at similar scales, suggesting sparser and imperfect developed branching river networks in endorheic basins. Further analysis on the Tarim reveals that endorheic river structure is more related to glacier extent (r = 0.67~0.84), potential evapotranspiration (r = 0.63~0.81), and groundwater type index (r = 0.64~0.73), which is essentially different from the structure of exorheic river represented by the Yellow River largely controlled by surface runoff, precipitation, and vegetation coverage. This study stresses the differences in intrinsic structural characteristics and extrinsic drivers of endorheic and exorheic rivers and highlights the necessity of differentiated strategies for endorheic river management in fragile ecosystems.
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Kyryliuk, Serhii. "The assessment algorithm for sustainable development goals in the Hukiv, Dereluy, and Vyzhenka river basin systems of Chernivtsi oblast". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 15, nr 2 (3.10.2021): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2021152019.
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The study deals with an integral assessment of hydromorphological and geoecological conditions of the Hukiv (flatland type of river), Dereluy (foothill type of river), and Vyzhenka (mountainous type of river) river basin systems (Figure 1). The indicators characterizing the river basin in the best way as a holistic system, the channel, floodplain, and watershed altogether, in natural reference conditions and in terms of human economic activity are addressed. The assessment hydromorphological test and geoecological monitoring of small rivers (SWOT-analysis) in accordance with the developed universal algorithm for hydromorphological assessment of small river basins for the sustainable development goals are generated and fulfilled. Interpretation maps for the sustainable development of the Hukiv, Dereluy and Vyzhenka rivers are created. The practical importance and relevance concerns the potential application of the proposed monitoring and the algorithm to solve methodological and applied problems related to the functioning of the systems “basin–river–human” and “basin–river–riverbed” in terms of modern human activity and needs; the need to modify consumer-type stereotypes for the use of natural resources, as well as to provide recommendations for enhancing the resource-efficient and sustainable activities in basin systems and small rivers.
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Pysanko, Yana, i Svitlana Madzhd. "Assessment of the ecological status of small rivers in urban areas." USEFUL online journal 2, nr 4 (29.12.2018): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/useful-2-4-2018-0006.
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Rivers are important components of many urban systems, and research into urban rivers are considerable research. The object of the research is technogenically transformed aquatic ecosystem of small rivers passing through urban areas of Kyiv city. These small rivers are tributaries of the Irpin River. The study used an ecosystem-basin approach, statistical processing of data. The complex research on patterns of their development for the long-term period were made, the quality class of water and indexes characteristic were ostended.
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Kalugin, Andrey. "Climate Change Effects on River Flow in Eastern Europe: Arctic Rivers vs. Southern Rivers". Climate 11, nr 5 (9.05.2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli11050103.
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The hydrological model ECOMAG was used to calculate runoff characteristics in the main arctic (Northern Dvina and Pechora) and southern (Don and Kuban) river basins of Eastern Europe using the data from the ensemble of global climate models under the scenario of 1.5 and 2 °C global warming in the 21st century relative to pre-industrial values. Flow generation models were calibrated and validated based on runoff measurements at gauging stations using meteorological observation data. According to the results of numerical experiments, the relative change in river runoff in European Russia increases from north to south and from east to west under global warming of 1.5 to 2 °C. As a result, hydrological systems in milder climate were found to be more vulnerable to climate change. The assessment of flow anomalies in European Russia under the selected climate scenarios revealed the following general features: winter runoff in arctic rivers would increase, spring melt runoff in the Northern Dvina and Don would decrease, and summer–autumn runoff in all studied rivers would decrease to varying degrees. The most negative runoff anomalies are characterized in the southwestern part of the Northern Dvina basin, the middle part of the Don basin, and the lowland part of the Kuban basin, whereas positive runoff anomalies are characterized in the northern and eastern parts of the Pechora basin. Global warming of 1.5 to 2 °C would have the greatest impact on the rate of reduction of Kuban summer–autumn runoff and Don runoff during the spring flood, as well as the increase in Northern Dvina and Pechora winter runoff.
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Garrick, Dustin, Lucia De Stefano, Fai Fung, Jamie Pittock, Edella Schlager, Mark New i Daniel Connell. "Managing hydroclimatic risks in federal rivers: a diagnostic assessment". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, nr 2002 (13.11.2013): 20120415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0415.
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Hydroclimatic risks and adaptive capacity are not distributed evenly in large river basins of federal countries, where authority is divided across national and territorial governments. Transboundary river basins are a major test of federal systems of governance because key management roles exist at all levels. This paper examines the evolution and design of interstate water allocation institutions in semi-arid federal rivers prone to drought extremes, climatic variability and intensified competition for scarce water. We conceptualize, categorize and compare federal rivers as social–ecological systems to analyse the relationship between governance arrangements and hydroclimatic risks. A diagnostic approach is used to map over 300 federal rivers and classify the hydroclimatic risks of three semi-arid federal rivers with a long history of interstate allocation tensions: the Colorado River (USA/Mexico), Ebro River (Spain) and Murray–Darling River (Australia). Case studies review the evolution and design of water allocation institutions. Three institutional design trends have emerged: adoption of proportional interstate allocation rules; emergence of multi-layered river basin governance arrangements for planning, conflict resolution and joint monitoring; and new flexibility to adjust historic allocation patterns. Proportional allocation rules apportion water between states based on a share of available water, not a fixed volume or priority. Interstate allocation reform efforts in the Colorado and Murray–Darling rivers indicate that proportional allocation rules are prevalent for upstream states, while downstream states seek reliable deliveries of fixed volumes to increase water security. River basin governance arrangements establish new venues for multilayered planning, monitoring and conflict resolution to balance self governance by users and states with basin-wide coordination. Flexibility to adjust historic allocation agreements, without risk of defection or costly court action, also provides adaptive capacity to manage climatic variability and shifting values. Future research should develop evidence about pathways to adaptive capacity in different classes of federal rivers, while acknowledging limits to transferability and the need for context-sensitive design.
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Kurhanevych, L. P., i M. Z. Shipka. "GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE FLOODPLAIN AND CHANNEL COMPLEX OF THE POLTVA RIVER BASIN (VISTULA RIVER BASIN REGION)". Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, nr 1 (56) (2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2020.1.7.
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In accordance with the water management zoning of the territory of Ukraine, the Poltva river basin belongs to the Vistula river basin region. The evaluation methodology of the channel and floodplain river complex state was proposed by Himko R. V. (2005). According to this methodology, the parameters (23 indicators), characterizing river state by points scale (5 quality classes), were defined. The research included three steps. During the preparatory stage cartographic materials were investigated and the coastal protection zones were highlighted. The fieldwork stage included: visual assessment of water quality and of the state of channels; identification of sources of pollution and clogging of waters and coastal areas; study of features of anthropogenic load within floodplains. In the third stage, generalization and evaluation works were carried out. Wastewater discharges from enterprises and coastal settlements affect the water quality of the study area. Lviv has the greatest economic impact on the Poltva river due to its channelling within the city and due to large volumes of wastewater discharges (121.4 million m3 in 2017). The water quality of the Poltva River tributaries depends on sewage discharges from small industrial and public utilities, as well as on unauthorized sewage discharges in villages. Significant parts of the river channels are regulated. Drainage systems, that occupy much of the study area, as well as ponds and small reservoirs, directly affect on the hydrological regime of the rivers. The level of land-use of coastal territories is characterized by their urbanization level and their level of plowing. The urbanization of the upper reaches of the Poltva river valley is a determining factor that has influenced the sanitary status of its channel. Outside the Lviv city, many coastal areas (within the coastal protection zones) are plowed. Overgrowing of waters and obstruction of channels by water and coastal plant remains lead to a significant deterioration of sanitary conditions of the rivers, hence to secondary contamination of its waters. Geoecological state of the Poltva river channel and floodplain complex was designated as «unsatisfactory» (4th grade from 5 classes), of Yarychivka and Gologirka river complexes – as «satisfactory» (3rd grade), of other rivers – as «rather good» (2nd grade). The rivers of the Poltva watershed are under significant economic influence. To improve the geoecological state of river channels and floodplains, a complex of water protection measures is required: reduction of insufficiently treated wastewater discharges of Lviv city; cleaning of watercourses; monitoring of compliance with water protection rules etc.
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Trifu, M. C., i V. Daradici. "New monitoring technique for rapid investigation of nitrates pollution in aquatic systems". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (16.09.2014): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-481-2014.
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Abstract. In situ measurement with a portable multi-parameter sonde was used in the framework of the Cleanwater project – LIFE09 ENV/RO/000612, for a rapid investigation of nitrates pollution in Barlad River basin, in rivers and domestic wells, in addition to laboratory measurements. Water samples were analysed in an accredited laboratory for water monitoring, such as the Vaslui Water Management System from Barlad basin. Sampling campaigns were performed monthly in the period April–November 2011. In order to find the main factors that influence the measurements, the behaviour of equipment was analysed in rivers, for different water sampling points along the river and the cross-sections, taking into account the water level, the turbulence, the vegetation and the obstacles along the river. Results proved the multiparameter sonde as a useful device for rapidly monitoring spatial distributions or temporal trends of nitrates or chlorophyll a, and detecting sudden changes in surface and groundwater quality.
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Wu, Xue Wen, Ling Li i Yong Gang Qu. "Modelling and Analysis of River Networks Based on Complex Networks Theory". Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (wrzesień 2013): 2728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2728.
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River systems are open and self-organizing complex systems. Complex networks theory can well combine rivers' macro properties with their microscopic properties. This paper builds a river network model based on complex networks theory and describes its characteristics. After the analysis of the model used in Haihe River Basin, it shows that Haihe River Basin network has the small-world characteristics. This work provides a new approach to research the properties of river networks, so that to predict and control its behavior.
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Jackson, Colin R., Justin J. Millar, Jason T. Payne i Clifford A. Ochs. "Free-Living and Particle-Associated Bacterioplankton in Large Rivers of the Mississippi River Basin Demonstrate Biogeographic Patterns". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, nr 23 (12.09.2014): 7186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01844-14.
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ABSTRACTThe different drainage basins of large rivers such as the Mississippi River represent interesting systems in which to study patterns in freshwater microbial biogeography. Spatial variability in bacterioplankton communities in six major rivers (the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Tennessee, and Arkansas) of the Mississippi River Basin was characterized using Ion Torrent 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. When all systems were combined, particle-associated (>3 μm) bacterial assemblages were found to be different from free-living bacterioplankton in terms of overall community structure, partly because of differences in the proportional abundance of sequences affiliated with major bacterial lineages (Alphaproteobacteria,Cyanobacteria, andPlanctomycetes). Both particle-associated and free-living communities ordinated by river system, a pattern that was apparent even after rare sequences or those affiliated withCyanobacteriawere removed from the analyses. Ordination of samples by river system correlated with environmental characteristics of each river, such as nutrient status and turbidity. Communities in the Upper Mississippi and the Missouri and in the Ohio and the Tennessee, pairs of rivers that join each other, contained similar taxa in terms of presence-absence data but differed in the proportional abundance of major lineages. The most common sequence types detected in particle-associated communities were picocyanobacteria in theSynechococcus/Prochlorococcus/Cyanobium(Syn/Pro) clade, while free-living communities also contained a high proportion of LD12 (SAR11/Pelagibacter)-likeAlphaproteobacteria. This research shows that while different tributaries of large river systems such as the Mississippi River harbor distinct bacterioplankton communities, there is also microhabitat variation such as that between free-living and particle-associated assemblages.
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Costelloe, J. F., J. T. Puckridge, J. R. W. Reid, J. Pritchard, P. Hudson, V. Bailey i M. Good. "Environmental flow requirements in arid zone rivers – a case study from the Lake Eyre Basin, central Australia". Water Science and Technology 48, nr 7 (1.10.2003): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0425.
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The ARIDFLO project takes a multi-disciplinary approach to the collection and analysis of data required to formulate appropriate environmental flow requirements for rivers in the Lake Eyre Basin. The key drivers of the ecological processes underpinning the health of these rivers are identified by modelling whole-of-ecosystem biological responses to hydrological events over a range of spatial and temporal scales. First, the hydrology of these poorly gauged (often ungauged) rivers needs to be modelled and validated to mimic real flow and inundation patterns at the catchment, reach and waterbody scale. Modelled and actual discharge data are then used to provide a suite of hydrological predictor variables which, in conjunction with other environmental variables, are used to model observed biotic responses. The key hydrologic and environmental drivers identified by the statistical models need to be taken into account when determining environmental flow requirements for these river systems. Further work is required to assess the predictive power of the models in the highly variable, complex systems of the Lake Eyre Basin rivers.
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Wils, C., A. Schneiders, L. Bervoets, A. Nagels, L. Weiss i R. F. Verheyen. "Assessment of the ecological value of rivers in flanders (Belgium)". Water Science and Technology 30, nr 10 (1.11.1994): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0509.
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Assessment of the ecological value of streams and rivers is important to determine which watercourses should be preserved for the future. Throughout the world, a large number of evaluation systems have been developed either to assess complete river systems or merely to evaluate the water quality. However, in a region such as Flanders, where rivers are generally very polluted, it is not only important to evaluate the current ecological value, but also to recognize those watercourses which still have a high potential value. For this purpose a system was developed in Flanders to assess the present as well as the potential ecological value of streams and rivers. The evaluation is based on a number of morphological characteristics, on the water quality and on the aquatic communities. The result is a global ecological evaluation map of each river basin. This map is made available to policy makers in order to assist in the elaboration of purification programmes and river restoration and conservation projects.
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Berardo, Ramiro, i Andrea K. Gerlak. "Conflict and Cooperation along International Rivers: Crafting a Model of Institutional Effectiveness". Global Environmental Politics 12, nr 1 (luty 2012): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00099.
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The management of international rivers is increasingly marked by a heightened attention to and growth in institutions at the river-basin level to promote cooperation and resolve conflicts between states in a basin. Yet, little theoretical and empirical research exists to understand when these institutions are most effective. Here we draw from diverse literatures, including work on social and ecological systems, international institutions, common-pool resources, and international waters, to capture and integrate the design elements associated with effective collaborative management along an international river. We apply and test the validity of our model in a plausibility probe through the analysis of the conflict between Argentina and Uruguay over the construction of pulp mills along the Uruguay River, and the role of the established and functioning river basin organization—the Administrative Commission of the Uruguay River (CARU)—in this conflict. We re-examine our model based on our case findings to highlight the challenge and role of public input and representation in institutional effectiveness along international rivers.
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Milanovic, Ana, Marko Urosev i Dragana Milijasevic. "Use of the RHS method in Golijska Moravica river basin". Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 86, nr 2 (2006): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0602053m.
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River Habitat Survey (RHS) is terrain method developed in UK in 1994. for determination of physical character of rivers and river basin. This method is applied for the first time in Golijska Moravica river basin. Two indices which broadly describe the diversity of river habitat and landscape features (Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA)) and extent and severity of artificial modification to the channel (Habitat Modification Class (HMC)) has been developed for reporting purposes. These are based on simple scoring systems which have been agreed by technical experts.
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Whitmore, Margaret M., i Matthew K. Litvak. "Fine-scale movement of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) during aggregations in the lower Saint John River Basin, New Brunswick, Canada". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, nr 12 (grudzień 2018): 2332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0430.
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Juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) form seasonal aggregations near the salt wedge in their natal river systems. We used an array of Vemco positioning system acoustic receivers to track fine-scale movement within aggregation sites in two rivers in the Saint John River Basin. We used the t-LoCoH convex hull construction algorithm to map space use and aggregation behavior and nonmetric multidimensional scaling to test for differences among rivers, seasons, and photoperiods. Aggregation sites consisted of small core areas, where juvenile Atlantic sturgeon remained for long periods, that are adjacent to foraging grounds. This structure was largely consistent between rivers and seasons. Directional movement within aggregation sites differed between rivers. In areas of high flow velocity, directional movement was parallel to flow and largely restricted to littoral areas, whereas areas of low flow exhibited no distinct patterns in directional movement. This indicates flow may be an important driver of fine-scale distribution within aggregation sites. Studies of fine-scale space use can inform future investigations of rearing capacity, aid in the identification of critical habitat, and inform management decisions.
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Earle, J. R. "The Three Rivers Project - water quality monitoring and management systems in the Boyne, Liffey and Suir Catchments in Ireland". Water Science and Technology 47, nr 7-8 (1.04.2003): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0692.
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The “Three Rivers Project” is a government initiative and one of a series of catchment based water quality monitoring and management systems being developed throughout Ireland since 1997. The establishment of these multi-sectoral, basin-wide and community based systems is a response to historically perceived disjointed, legalistic and non-participative approaches to water resource management and purports to transcend the restrictions of traditional local authority administrative boundaries. The new management model embodies the concepts and objectives contained in the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) enacted in December 2000. Ireland, in common with many EU countries, has failed to halt decades of increasing levels of eutrophication of surface waters due principally to phosphorus loading. The “Three Rivers Project” is promoting the benefits of an integrated and cooperative approach to the management of three important river systems in Ireland, namely, the Boyne, Liffey and Suir. The project objective is to protect and improve water quality to conform with “good ecological status”. The implications of the Project findings for agricultural, municipal and industrial policy are grave and one of the greatest challenges now is to organise and fund Irish River Basin Management Systems as envisaged by the WFD to continue and build on the work which the “Three Rivers Project” has undertaken.
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Yang, Xiankun, Xixi Lu, Lishan Ran i Paolo Tarolli. "Geomorphometric Assessment of the Impacts of Dam Construction on River Disconnectivity and Flow Regulation in the Yangtze Basin". Sustainability 11, nr 12 (21.06.2019): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123427.
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Rivers are under increasing pressure from anthropogenic impacts with incremental dam construction, experiencing global and regional alteration due to river disconnectivity, flow regulation, and sediment reduction. Assessing the cumulative impacts of dams on river disconnectivity in large river basins can help us better understand how humans disintegrate river systems and change the natural flow regimes. Using the Yangtze basin as the study area, this study employed three modified metrics (river connectivity index, RCI; basin disconnectivity index, BDI; and the degree of regulation for each river section, DOR) to evaluate the cumulative impacts on river disconnectivity over the past 50 years. The results indicated that the Yangtze had experienced strong alterations, despite varying degrees and spatial patterns. Among the major tributaries, the greatest impact (lowest RCI value) happened in the Wu tributary basin due to the construction of cascade dams on the main stem of the tributary, while the lowest impact (highest RCI value) happened in the Fu tributary basin, which still has no dams on its main stem. Collectively, rivers in the upper Yangtze reaches experienced more serious disturbances than their counterparts in the middle and lower reaches. The BDI results displayed that a substantial part of the Yangtze River, especially the Wu, Min, Jialing, and Yuan tributaries, only maintain connectivity among one to three representative river systems. No part of the Yangtze connects all the 12 representative river systems. This study also revealed that small dams can also exert significant impacts in flow regulation on regional river systems through their sheer number and density. The study results can help promote more environmentally sustainable river management policies in the Yangtze basin.
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Juízo, Dinis, i Peder Hjorth. "Application of a district management approach to Southern African river basin systems: the case of the Umbeluzi, Incomati and Maputo river basins". Water Policy 11, nr 6 (1.10.2009): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.301.
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In recent years, the ‘river basin as a management unit’ approach has been adopted as a solution to water management. The situation between Swaziland, Mozambique and South Africa regarding managing the water resources of the Incomati, Maputo, and Umbeluzi shared river basins is an interesting case that might need a different approach. These rivers flow downstream to the Maputo estuary where their waters are needed for urban water supply (Maputo city) and fresh water pulses for the estuary. The Incomati and Umbeluzi are heavily committed upstream while the Maputo appears still to have a relative abundance of untapped water resources. At basin level, the three countries fail to reach a consensus on the best strategies to accommodate multiple demands, particularly in the downstream area. The IncoMaputo agreement that was concluded by the three governments is unique in that it comprises two basins (Maputo and Incomati), allowing a multi-basin approach to the problem. However, the Umbeluzi was left out of the agreement. This paper discusses the possible benefits of a multi-basin approach to water resources for the three rivers discharging into Espírito Santo Estuary in Maputo. Using the provisions set out in the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) it is found that the three rivers of this study may well be suitable for implementing the District Water Management approach as proposed in the WFD.
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Meynell, Peter-John, Marc Metzger i Neil Stuart. "Identifying Ecosystem Services for a Framework of Ecological Importance for Rivers in South East Asia". Water 13, nr 11 (6.06.2021): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111602.
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There are increasing concerns for the ecological health of rivers, and their ability to provide important ecosystem services. Frameworks describing the character and condition of rivers have been developed in many parts of the world but rarely include river ecosystem services. South East Asia is a region with some of the world’s great rivers—Mekong, Salween and Ayeyarwady—running through six different countries, but data on river ecological character and condition is patchy and inconsistent. Development pressures on these rivers has never been higher, and ecosystem services may be lost before being described and valued. The development of a framework of ecological importance is envisaged, which maps out the relative contributions of river reaches to a wide range of ecosystem services. This could be a tool for river basin planning and water resource management, baseline information for impact assessment of infrastructure (for example, hydropower and irrigation), and for protecting ecologically important areas. We asked a diverse group of 109 river basin planners, and water and natural resource management professionals in the region whether a framework of ecological importance would support their activities, and which river ecosystem services are most important to be assessed. Our findings allow prioritisation of river ecosystem services to be assessed and mapped according to importance in different river reaches and sub-basins within the region. The locations of ranked threats and pressures on the river systems allow indication of river health and integrity in these sub-basins. We consider the feasibility of measuring ecosystem services and pressures through the identification of appropriate indicators, methods, and availability of global, regional, and national data.
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Willis, Brian J., Anna Kay Behrensmeyer, Thomas M. Bown, Mary Kraus, John S. Bridge i Imran Khan. "Controls on fluvial systems in the Siwalik Neogene and Wyoming Paleogene". Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008753.
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The 3-km thick Neogene Siwalik Group (Himalayan foredeep in northern Pakistan) and the 2-km thick Paleogene Fort Union/Willwood Formations (Bighorn Basin, Wyoming) both preserve long records of fluvial deposition adjacent to rising mountain belts. Depositional environments and associated habitats change with spatially varying physiography and deposition by river systems that may differ greatly in size, sediment loads, depositional rates, drainage of adjacent floodplains, and taphonomy of organic remains. At times, some environments may not be preserved; for example, avulsion of channels to low areas removes more deposits of channel-distal environments as avulsions increase relative to net sediment aggradation rates. Recognition of such large-scale biases is important because they represent time scales over which long term paleoecological change is reconstructed, and requires knowledge of how drainage systems changed in time and space within these evolving basins.The Siwalik Group was deposited by large rivers that filled a basin extending at least 1000 km along its axis and 150–250 km away from the mountain front. Despite the scale of these rivers relative to Siwalik exposures, transitions between different fluvial systems have been recognized. For example, a 1-km thick sequence bridging the boundary between Chinji and Nagri formations records displacement of a smaller river system (width < 2 km; depth 5-10 m; discharge 1000-1500 m3/s) by a larger system (width <5 km; depth 15-30 m; discharge at least 5,000-10,000 m3/s), with an associated upsection increase (30 to 70%) in the proportion of channel sandstones, increased mean sediment accumulation rates (150 to 300 m/my), decrease in poorly drained floodplain deposits and well developed paleosols, marked decrease in abundance of faunal remains, and a major change in faunal composition. Stratigraphically higher (Dhok Pathan Fm.), there is a lateral transition between deposits of dissimilar, coeval river systems with corresponding differences in local paleoenvironments and vertebrate taphonomy. Although upsection changes in environments and vertebrate faunas may generally reflect extrabasinal controls such as tectonism and climate change, our studies emphasize the importance of recognizing deposits from different contemporaneous river systems before inferring such large-scale controls on paleoenvironmental change through time.The Bighorn Basin is an intermountain foreland basin extending 200 km along its axis and about 80 km across. A large portion of this basin is exposed, and thus it is possible to reconstruct the distribution of river systems and the spatial paleoenvironments in more detail than in the Siwaliks. The Bighorn Basin was traversed along its axis by an early Eocene, north-south flowing river that was joined by smaller rivers flowing transverse to the axis. The proportion of channel sandstones decreases upsection (50 to 25%) from the Fort Union to the Willwood Fm. The proportion of channel sandstones and the abundance of well developed paleosols decrease with increasing net sediment aggradation rates. Although channel deposits are concentrated along the basin axis in a more complex way in some stratigraphic intervals, it is unclear to what extent these changes reflect deposition by different rivers versus extrinsically controlled changes within individual river systems.
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Villares Junior, GA, i R. Goitein. "Differences in the feeding of Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) in four distinct lotic systems". Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, nr 3 (25.08.2015): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.20313.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the food composition of Rhamdia quelen in four distinct order rivers. It was performed at a low part at the basin of the Sorocaba river in systems classified as first (Anastácio stream), second (Nego stream), fifth (Tatuí river) and sixth (Sorocaba river) orders. Collections were performed every month between January and December of 2011. The stomach contents were examined by using the alimentary index (IAi) and compared by the non-parametric method non-metric multidimensional scale ranking (NMDS) with the Spearman rank correlation. A diet difference was observed for individuals of the smaller systems (Anastácio and Nego streams) and the larger ones (Tatui and Sorocaba rivers), represented respectively by allochthonous and autochthonous organisms compounding their diets. Marginal vegetation and its interaction with the water conditions may respond to these composition differences.
21
Shell, Ryan, i Nicholas Gardner. "Movement of the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) in the upper Mississippi River Basin, North America". Marine and Fishery Sciences (MAFIS) 34, nr 2 (1.07.2021): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47193/mafis.3422021010607.
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Rare appearances of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) in river systems and other freshwater ecosystems have been reported from five continents. The wide geographic range of this phenomenon, the physiological adaptations of this species to allow for movement into rivers, and a fossil record in the Miocene Epoch, all imply that this behavior has a long history. In the Mississippi River basin, however, only two specimens were captured in the river’s upper portion during the entire 20th century. Further historical, archeological, and paleontological records of these animals appearing farther than 500 km upstream from the Mississippi delta is almost nonexistent. Bull shark movements in the upper portions of this river are likely sufficiently rare or cryptic to avoid detection using historical, archaeological, paleontological, and modern fisheries conservation techniques. Deeper research into these sharks, and their historical biogeography is needed to better understand the relationship these large predators have to the freshwater ecosystems of the American mid-continent.
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Zvezdin, Aleksandr O., Aleksandr V. Kucheryavyy, Anzhelika V. Kolotei, Natalia V. Polyakova i Dmitry S. Pavlov. "Invasion of the European River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis in the Upper Volga". Water 13, nr 13 (30.06.2021): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131825.
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The European river lamprey came to the Upper Volga from the Baltic Sea most probably via a system of shipways developed in the 18th and 19th centuries. The Vyshnii Volochek, Tikhvin, and Mariinskaya water systems are possible invasion pathways for this species. Dispersal and colonization of the Caspian Basin was likely a combination of upstream and downstream migrations. Analysis of museum and our own samples showed that lamprey possibly migrated upstream (for spawning) along rivers of the Baltic Basin until they reached the watershed boundary from which they could disperse downstream (in the juvenile period) into rivers of the Caspian Basin. Dispersal in the Volga River could occur in accordance with the migration cycle of this opportunistic lamprey species and lead to the present distribution. Key features (dentition and number of trunk myomeres) showed that lamprey from the studied area are similar to lampreys from the Baltic basin, although specimens in each population have their own peculiarities in morphology (size and coloration). Genetic data (Cyt-b) support the idea of a relatively recent invasion of lamprey into the Upper Volga. The haplotype, found in three rivers, is one of the most widespread in Europe and is found along the supposed route of invasion.
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Devi Tachamo Shah, Ram, Subodh Sharma, Deep Narayan Shah i Deepak Rijal. "Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Rivers of Western Himalaya, Nepal". Geosciences 10, nr 4 (17.04.2020): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10040150.
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According to River Continuum Concept (RCC), channel morphology, including sediment loads and channel width, river habitat, flow regimes and water quality, differs from the tributary to the downstream river’s mainstem, allowing shifts in faunal composition from dominance of shredders to collectors downstream, respectively. Tributaries are responsible for contributing organic carbons, nutrients and water. However, such knowledge is still limited in the monsoon-dominated river systems of the Himalaya. The study was conducted in the river’s mainstem and tributaries of the Karnali River Basin, which are glacier and spring-fed river systems, respectively, in the western Himalaya, Nepal. A total of 38 river stretches in the river’s mainstem and tributaries were sampled during post-monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons in the years 2018 and 2019. Water quality parameters, such as pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and hardness, and the benthic macroinvertebrates were studied. Ten subsamples of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected following the multi-habitat sampling approach at each site. High taxa richness was recorded in tributaries compared to the river’s mainstem while abundance was similar between river types. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) formed two distinct groups, reflecting high similarities in benthic macroinvertebrate composition within the tributaries and river’s mainstem rather than between river types. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated water temperature and pH as major environmental predictors for benthic macroinvertebrate variability between river types. Therefore, river type-based conservation efforts that account for upstream–downstream linkages of aquatic biota and resources in freshwater ecosystems can ensure the ecological integrity of the whole river basin.
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Tsaryk, Petro, Ihor VITENKO i Volodymyr Tsaryk. "RIVER-BASIN SYSTEMS OF SMALL RIVERS OF THE WESTERN PODILLYA IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOADS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS". SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, nr 2 (17.11.2022): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.17.
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The results of complex studies of the basins of the small rivers Dzhuryn, Gnizna, Nichlava, from the point of view of the transformation of natural complexes, the introduction of optimal forms of nature use and effective systems of nature protection for the effective management of the process of ecological, social and economic development are highlighted. Land use optimization models of basin systems have been developed, and an integrated network of nature conservation areas and protected and recreational facilities has been substantiated. The conducted comparative analysis of hydro-ecological, nature protection and land use parameters made it possible to establish.
The problems of nature management and nature protection in the river basin are closely related. Analysis of the structure of nature use, the ratio of ecologically safe and ecologically dangerous forms within the upper, middle and lower reaches of river valleys demonstrates the degree of balanced nature use and the effectiveness of nature protection regimes.
The development of the materials of the monograph took place in the process of field research by the authors as part of data collection for writing candidate and master theses. In addition, the authors rely on their own publications in scientific periodicals and approbation of materials in reports at scientific forums on the problems of nature management and nature protection in the basins of the small rivers Dzhuryn, Nichlava, and Gnizna.
Special attention is paid to small rivers, because they perform extremely important functions in the formation of the hydrological regime of surface waters, directly influencing the system of relations with the local population, being in natural resource relations with them. Small rivers are the only water arteries in settlements, performing economic, recreation and health, aesthetic, climate-regulatory functions. Their general condition is derived from the peculiarities of interaction of local communities with the natural environment, which is based on the principles of productive life of people in harmony with nature. Achieving harmonious relationships primarily depends on the level of ecological culture of citizens, their tolerant and responsible attitude towards nature.
The small rivers of Western Podillia: Dzhuryn, Gnizna, Nichlava were considered in a comparative analysis with the aim of highlighting general and individual deviations of basic parameters from their normative values, substantiating measures for their optimization. The object of the research is the basins of small rivers of Western Podillia: Dzhuryn, Gnizna, Nichlava. The subject is a comparative analysis of hydrogeoecological and nature protection parameters of anthropogenic influence on their basins.
The general similarity of the natural and climatic conditions of the territory, the proximity of the location does not guarantee the similarity of anthropogenic loads on river basins.
The conducted comparative analysis of hydroecological and nature protection parameters of river basins demonstrated. low forest coverage of the territories, which will contribute to increased soil erosion, a specific water and wind regime, less intensive assimilation of greenhouse gases, etc. The indicators of the protection of river basins differ significantly, but all of them are significantly inferior to the optimal value within 10.5%. The indicators of plowing of river basins differ significantly. They are significantly higher than the normative ones by approximately 2 times. The negative consequences of excessive plowing are manifested in increased erosion processes, activation of surface runoff into the river washed humus horizon with mineral, organic fertilizers, toxic chemicals, which definitely manifests itself in the deterioration of water quality. The high built-up area of the Nichlava river basin has a negative impact on the growth of pollution by domestic sewage, solid household waste, the absence of water protection zones within the boundaries of settlements, etc. In general, we have reason to claim that the river landscapes are highly economically developed due to the dominance of anthropogenic lands, on almost 2/3 of the area. Accordingly, the indices of anthropogenic transformation of natural lands by economic activity are high.
Key words: small river, Western Podillia, Gnizna, Dzhuryn, Nichlava.
25
Chan, Chun-Ngai, Hongyan Shi, Boyi Liu i Lishan Ran. "CO2 and CH4 Emissions from an Arid Fluvial Network on the Chinese Loess Plateau". Water 13, nr 12 (8.06.2021): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121614.
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The emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from inland waters are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle. However, the current understanding of GHGs emissions from arid river systems remains largely unknown. To shed light on GHGs emissions from inland waters in arid regions, high-resolution carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emission measurements were carried out in the arid Kuye River Basin (KRB) on the Chinese Loess Plateau to examine their spatio-temporal variability. Our results show that all streams and rivers were net C sources, but some of the reservoirs in the KRB became carbon sinks at certain times. The CO2 flux (FCO2) recorded in the rivers (91.0 mmol m−2 d−1) was higher than that of the reservoirs (10.0 mmol m−2 d−1), while CH4 flux (FCH4) in rivers (0.35 mmol m−2 d−1) was lower than that of the reservoirs (0.78 mmol m−2 d−1). The best model developed from a number of environmental parameters was able to explain almost 40% of the variability in partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) for rivers and reservoirs, respectively. For CH4 emissions, at least 70% of the flux occurred in the form of ebullition. The emissions of CH4 in summer were more than threefold higher than in spring and autumn, with water temperature being the key environmental variable affecting emission rates. Since the construction of reservoirs can alter the morphology of existing fluvial systems and consequently the characteristics of CO2 and CH4 emissions, we conclude that future sampling efforts conducted at the basin scale need to cover both rivers and reservoirs concurrently.
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Thakur, P. K., P. R. Dhote, A. Roy, S. P. Aggarwal, B. R. Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey i in. "SIGNIFICANCE OF REMOTE SENSING BASED PRECIPITATION AND TERRAIN INFORMATION FOR IMPROVED HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION IN PARTS OF HIMALAYAN RIVER BASINS". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (21.08.2020): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-911-2020.
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Abstract. The Himalayan region are home to the world’s youngest and largest mountains, and origins of major rivers systems of South Asia. The present work highlight the importance of remote sensing (RS) data based precipitation and terrain products such as digital elevation models, glacier lakes, drainage morphology along with limited ground data for improving the accuracy of hydrological and hydrodynamic (HD) models in various Himalayan river basins such as Upper Ganga, Beas, Sutlej, Teesta, Koshi etc. The satellite based rainfall have mostly shown under prediction in the study area and few places have are also showing over estimation of rainfall. Hydrological modeling results were most accurate for Beas basin, followed by Upper Ganga basin and were least matching for Sutlej basin. Limited ground truth using GNSS measurements showed that digital elevation model (DEM) for carto version 3.1 is most accurate, followed by ALOS-PALSAR 12.5 DEM as compared to other open source DEMs. Major erosion and deposition was found in Rivers Bhagirathi, Alakhnanda, Gori Ganga and Yamuna in Uttarakhand state and Beas and Sutlej Rivers in Himachal Pradesh using pre and post flood DEM datasets. The terrain data and river cross section data showed that river cross sections and water carrying capacity before and after 2013 floods have changed drastically in many river stretches of upper Ganga and parts of Sutlej river basins. The spatio-temporal variation and evolution of glacier lakes was for lakes along with GLOF modeling few lakes of Upper Chenab, Upper Ganga, Upper Teesta and Koshi river basin was done using time series of RS data from Landsat, Sentinel-1 and Google earth images.
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Farias, Giovani, Bruna Leitzke, Míriam Born, Marilton Aguiar i Diana Adamatti. "Water Resources Analysis: An Approach based on Agent-Based Modeling". Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada 27, nr 2 (27.04.2020): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2175-2745.94319.
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The paper aims to present a river basin modeling using GAMA platform for water resources analysis. Currently, several models based on multi-agent systems are used for natural resources management and they present satisfactory results for this type of scenario. GAMA is agents based and widely used in this context with several studies already published. In this study, the Sa ̃o Gonc ̧alo and Lagoa Mirim basins were considered from georeferenced data. In the modeling, regions, and rivers are agents on the system where rivers water can flow among neighbors regions.
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Arfa-Fathollahkhani, Atefe, Seyed Ali Ayyoubzadeh, Hossein Shafizadeh-Moghadam i Hojjat Mianabadi. "Spatiotemporal Characterization and Analysis of River Morphology Using Long-Term Landsat Imagery and Stream Power". Water 14, nr 22 (13.11.2022): 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223656.
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Meandering rivers are among the most dynamic Earth-surface systems, which generally appear in fertile valleys, the most valuable lands for agriculture and human settlement. Landsat time series and morphological parameters are complementary tools for exploring river dynamics. Karun River is the most effluent and largest meandering river in Iran, which keeps the Karun’s basin economy, agriculture, and industrial sections alive; hence, investigating morphological changes in this river is essential. The morphological characteristics of Karun have undergone considerable changes over time due to several tectonic, hydrological, hydraulic, and anthropogenic factors. This study has identified and analyzed morphological changes in Karun River using a time series of Landsat imagery from 1985–2015. On that basis, morphological dynamics, including the river’s active channel width, meander’s neck length, water flow length, sinuosity index, and Cornice central angle, were quantitatively investigated. Additionally, the correlation between the stream power and morphological factors was explored using the data adopted from the hydrometric stations. The results show that the dominant pattern of the Karun River, due to the sinuosity coefficient, is meandering, and the majority of the river falls in the category of developed meander rivers. Moreover, the number of arteries reduced in an anabranch pattern, and the river has been migrating towards the downstream and eastern sides since 1985. This phenomenon disposes a change in the future that can be hazardous to the croplands and demands specific considerations for catchment management.
29
Huai, Zhiwen, Jianmin Ma, Shishi Wang, Shang Qi, Tao Xu, Luqman Riaz, Yongwen Huang, Xiongxiong Bai, Jihua Wang i Qingwei Lin. "Comprehensive Evaluation and Distribution Prediction of River Water Quality in One Typical Resource-Depleted City, Central China". Water 15, nr 17 (24.08.2023): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173035.
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Access to clean and equitable water is vital to human survival and an essential component of a sustainable society. Using 59 monitoring sections, the water quality of 32 rivers in 12 river systems within two river basins in one resource-depleted city (Jiaozuo) was examined in four seasons to better comprehend the extent of river pollution, and the distribution prediction of main indexes was conducted. In total, 92% of the monitoring sections met the national standards. Overall, 12.5%, 62.5%, and 25% of samples met water quality standards III, IV, and V, respectively. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 0.527 to 7.078, 0.001 to 1.789, and 0.53 to 799.25 mg/L, respectively. The Yellow River Basin has higher annual mean concentrations of total carbon (TC), TN, and total organic carbon (TOC) than the Haihe River Basin. The highest and lowest concentrations of specific water quality indices varied across seasons and rivers. Dashilao and Rongyou Rivers have the best water quality, while Dasha, Xin, and Mang Rivers have the worst. TN, TP, and NH4+-N concentrations in the Laomang River midstream were greater than those upstream and downstream. Statistically, significant positive associations were found between NH4+-N and TC, TOC, and COD (p < 0.025), where NH4+-N and COD influenced water quality the most. A significant positive relationship between COD and TP (p < 0.01) was observed. Overall, water quality values were highest in the summer and lowest in winter. The distribution prediction revealed TN, TP, NH4+-N, and COD showed significant regional differences. Household sewage, industrial sewage discharge, and agricultural contamination were all the possible significant contributors to declining water quality. These findings could provide a scientific reference for river water resource management in resource-depleted cities.
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Bulavina, Aleksandra. "Modeling of water pollution in the basins of Arctic rivers". E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339004009.
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The goal hereof is mainly to model water pollution in the Arctic rivers on the basis of known natural and anthropogenic data on the drainage basins. The quality of water in rivers depends on the amount of pollutants entering the drainage basin and on the latter’s ability to convert such substances. This paper investigates merging these two components into a single integral model by finding a balanced system of inputs. After reviewing the literature and theorizing on the concept, the model was tested on the river systems of the European part of the Russian Arctic. The experiments proved the integral river pollution model to be objective. The resulting integral indices show the extent of anthropogenic impacts on river waters. The use of integral indices in conjunction with hydrochemical ones gives insight into how far anthropogenic sources of chemicals affect the composition of river waters.
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Kosteniuk, Liudmyla. "Applications of GIS software for research of chanel process (on example of the r. Richka basin)". Scientific Herald of Chernivtsi University. Geography, nr 839 (25.11.2022): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/geo.2022.839.91-99.
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This article is devoted to the complex issue of the application of various types of geographic information systems (GIS) software for the study of channel processes on small mountain rivers. The creation of appropriate models of basin systems based on cartographic data is currently a very relevant and at the same time complex issue in terms of programming, which should be given more attention in modern scientific research. The use of modern software tools gives us the opportunity to supplement the existing data of hydrological information, through the application of the principle of the close relationship between the underlying surface and the active hydrological component (water flow), which is reflected in the functioning system of the river basin. The use of geo-information technologies in hydrological studies allows both to detail individual sections of riverbeds for their further study and to deepen the analysis of channel processes, and vice versa to generalize information based on the data of individual points or sections of riverbeds into a complete basin system. This publication presents an attempt to combine, supplement and generalize with the help of QGIS software, scientific studies of channel processes on the Richka River, to the detailed study of which the author has already devoted a number of her works. The creation of a digital model of the basin and a GIS map will allow to confirm and deepen the previous scientific developments on this water object. The analysis of the 3D model can bring us closer to revealing paleogeographical conditions and reflecting their features on channel processes of the rivers of this basin within three geomorphological zones. And it is also better to investigate, and perhaps refute, some common theories about the origin and formation of the network of rivers in this Carpathian region. Application of software of geographic information systems will allow to more deeply and comprehensively investigate this insufficiently covered issue. After all, as noted at the beginning of the publication: river flow is a product of the climate, and the shape of the riverbeds is a reflection of this interaction with the underlying surface. And therefore, a more detailed study of paleogeographical features through the clear vision of digital models will allow us to determine the changes in channel formation conditions on the rivers of the studied territory that occurred in the past.
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Parsons, Melissa, Martin C. Thoms i Joseph E. Flotemersch. "Eight river principles for navigating the science–policy interface". Marine and Freshwater Research 68, nr 3 (2017): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15336.
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Scientists and policymakers often work together to develop policy about the sustainable use of river ecosystems. River science plays an important role in developing river policy but how can key aspects of river science be conveyed as a heuristic to navigate the interface between river science and river policy? This paper introduces eight principles that encapsulate the key properties of rivers to consider during the development of river policy: (1) rivers are social–ecological systems; (2) river ecosystems provide valuable ecosystem services; (3) tools should support policy development; (4) knowledge of river ecosystems will always be incomplete; (5) social–ecological systems require interdisciplinary perspectives; (6) science is one of many inputs to be considered; (7) heterogeneity and variability are characteristic of river ecosystems; and (8) scale awareness is essential in river ecosystems. Whereas policy challenges are associated with each principle, consideration of principles in the context of the issue at hand may increase the robustness of river policy and enhance the sustainability of river ecosystems. The eight principles are evaluated in relation to the Water Act 2007 and the draft Murray–Darling Basin Plan to demonstrate how the principles can enhance policy development in the area of water allocation.
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Sigdel, Ashok, i Tetsuya Sakai. "Sedimentary facies analysis of the fluvial systems in the Siwalik Group, Karnali River section, Nepal Himalaya, and their significance for understanding the paleoclimate and Himalayan tectonics". Journal of Nepal Geological Society 51 (31.12.2016): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v51i0.24084.
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Fluvial sediments of the Siwalik successions in the Himalayan Foreland Basin are one of the most important continental archives for the history of Himalayan tectonics and climate change during the Miocene Period. This study reanalyzes the fluvial facies of the Siwalik Group along the Karnali River, where the large paleo-Karnali River system is presumed to have flowed. The reinterpreted fluvial system comprises fine-grained meandering river (FA1), flood-flow dominated meandering river with intermittent appearance of braided rivers (FA2), deep and shallow sandy braided rivers (FA3, FA4) to gravelly braided river (FA5) and finally debris-flow dominated braided river (FA6) facies associations, in ascending order. Previous work identified sandy flood-flow dominated meandering and anastomosed systems, but this study reinterprets these systems as a flood-flow dominated meandering river system with intermittent appearance of braided rivers, and a shallow sandy braided system, respectively. The order of the appearance of fluvial depositional systems in the Karnali River section is similar to those of other Siwalik sections, but the timing of the fluvial facies changes differs. The earlier appearance (3-4 Ma) of the flood-flow dominated meandering river system in the Karnali River section at about 13.5 Ma may have been due to early uplift of the larger catchment size of the paleo-Karnali River which may have changed the precipitation pattern i.e. intensification of the Indian Summer Monsoon. The change from a meandering river system to a braided river system is also recorded 1 to 3 Ma earlier than in other Siwalik sections in Nepal. Differential and diachronous activities of the thrust systems could be linked to change in catchment area as well as diachronous uplift and climate, the combination of which are major probable causes of this diachronity.
34
Whitmore, Margaret M., i Matthew K. Litvak. "Seasonal distribution and movement of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) in the lower Saint John River Basin, New Brunswick, Canada". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, nr 12 (grudzień 2018): 2354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0429.
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Juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) movement and distribution varies seasonally within the lower Saint John River Basin. We use acoustic telemetry to track coarse-scale movement and a network-based approach to develop metrics describing distribution and movement patterns of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon tagged in two rivers, the Saint John and Kennebecasis rivers. We use principal component analysis to develop indices of movement and residency and test for differences among seasons and between fish from each river. Juvenile Atlantic sturgeon exhibit higher residency during summer months compared with winter and spring. Juveniles are primarily concentrated in the brackish waters of the lower river reaches but make movements as far upriver as rkm 88. There was high variation in distribution and movement patterns exhibited by fish tagged in the Kennebecasis River, ranging from single-location occupancy to wide distribution. Three fish left the system during the study, indicating juveniles embark on brief marine excursions. Identifying spatiotemporal distributions of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon in their natal river systems is a crucial step towards identifying critical habitat and informing management decisions for this species.
35
Garza-Díaz, Laura E., i Samuel Sandoval-Solis. "Changes in the Stability Landscape of a River Basin by Anthropogenic Droughts". Water 14, nr 18 (12.09.2022): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182835.
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As water resources enter the era of the Anthropocene, the process of anthropogenic droughts arises as the interplay between climate cycles and human-centered water management in rivers. In their natural conditions, rivers exhibit a natural hydrologic variability, wet and dry cycles, that are a vital property for promoting ecological resilience. Human activities alter the temporal variability of streamflow, a resilience property of river systems. We argue that anthropogenic droughts in river basins can lead to changes in the resilience properties of the system depicted in stability landscapes. This study aims to analyze anthropogenic droughts and the changes provoked to the stability landscapes of the streamflow system of a river basin. We use 110 years of regulated and naturalized streamflow data to analyze the hydrologic variability (wet periods and droughts) of a river system. First, we determined the streamflow drought index (SDI), and the results were assessed using probability distribution functions to construct stability landscapes and explore the resilience properties of the system. The transboundary basin of the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo (RGB) is used as a case study. Our main findings include evidence of resilience erosion and alterations to the properties of the stability landscape by the human-induced megadrought in the RGB, which resulted from extensive anthropogenic alteration and fragmentation of the river system. The novelty of this research is to provide a baseline and move forward into quantifying ecological resilience attributes of river basins in water resources planning and management.
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Sheldon, Fran, i Christine S. Fellows. "Water quality in two Australian dryland rivers: spatial and temporal variability and the role of flow". Marine and Freshwater Research 61, nr 8 (2010): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09289.
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Water quality, along with hydrology, plays an important role in the spatial and temporal dynamics of a range of ecological patterns and processes in large rivers and is also often a key component of river health assessments. Geology and land use are significant drivers of water quality during flow periods while during periods of no-flow, local-scale factors such as evaporation, groundwater influence and the concentration and precipitation of compounds are important. This study explored the water quality changes in two Australian dryland rivers, the Cooper Creek (Lake Eyre Basin) and the Warrego River (Murray–Darling Basin), across different hydrological phases over several years. Water quality varied both spatially and temporally; the greatest spatial variability occurred during the no-flow phase, with temporal changes driven by flow. Concentrations of major anions and cations also varied spatially and temporally, with an overall cation dominance of calcium and magnesium and an anion dominance of bicarbonate. This bicarbonate dominance contrasts with previous data from inland lentic systems where sodium chloride was found to dominate. Such extreme spatial and temporal variability hampers successful derivation of water quality guidelines for these variable rivers and suggests such guidelines would need to be developed with respect to ‘flow phase’.
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Maksimovich, Nikolay, Olga Berezina, Olga Meshcheriakova i Artem Demenev. "Research of migration of technogenic bottom sediments with application of modern geoinformation systems". InterCarto. InterGIS 26, nr 2 (2020): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-2-26-201-211.
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The study of the regularities of formation and migration of technogenic bottom sediments in river ecosystems of mining regions is an urgent area of works of domestic and foreign researchers in connection with the high need to reduce the anthropogenic impact on the natural components of the environment. This article is devoted to the problems of the migration of pollutants and the formation of technogenic bottom sediments in river ecosystems in the Kizel coal basin (Perm Region, Russia). The scale of the problem is determined by the existence of numerous sources containing extremely high concentrations of elements of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd hazard classes. The main sources of contaminants on the study area are acid mine waters discharged through former mines and springs, as well as effluents from waste dumps. These technogenic solutions are characterized by a multicomponent composition, in which high concentrations of the following elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Be, Cu, Pb, Cd et al.) are noted. Exceeding the MPC for some elements reaches hundreds and thousands of times; in all, according to various estimates, over 500 km of rivers are polluted in the territory of the former Kizel coal basin and in the zone of its influence. The article describes the characteristics of bottom sediments of the river Kos’va, one of the largest regional rivers, according to long-term observations from 1984–2018, field studies, as well as the use of GIS technologies and the created geo-ecological geoinformation system of the Kizel coal basin. Also, based on international experience, environmental measures were proposed to restore the river ecosystems of the territory.
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Braaten, R., i G. Gates. "Groundwater–surface water interaction in inland New South Wales: a scoping study". Water Science and Technology 48, nr 7 (1.10.2003): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0443.
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Groundwater and surface water have traditionally been managed separately in New South Wales (NSW). However, where rivers and aquifers are hydraulically connected, groundwater pumping has the potential to deplete streamflow. To highlight the major areas of connection in inland NSW, major streams were overlaid with groundwater depth data and the locations of irrigation bores. A consistent pattern was revealed related to basin geomorphology. The main areas of connection are the mid-sections of the major rivers where alluvial systems are well developed yet still narrow and constricted and groundwater depths are shallow. The mapping was validated and the processes explored by calculating water balances for a connected and disconnected reach in the Murrumbidgee River. These showed that, in highly connected reaches, river losses and/or gains are closely related to groundwater levels.
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Ahmed, Joshua, José Antonio Constantine i Thomas Dunne. "The role of sediment supply in the adjustment of channel sinuosity across the Amazon Basin". Geology 47, nr 9 (19.06.2019): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46319.1.
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Abstract Sediment supplies are a fundamental component of alluvial river systems, but the importance of sustained supplies of externally derived sediments for the evolution of meandering planforms remains unclear. Here we demonstrate the importance of sediment supply in enhancing the growth of point bars that influence the rate of sinuosity increase through flow deflections in meander bends. We use an archive of Landsat images of 16 meandering reaches from across the Amazon Basin to show that rivers transporting larger sediment loads increase their sinuosity more rapidly than those carrying smaller loads. Sediment-rich rivers are dominated by downstream-rotating meanders that increase their sinuosity more rapidly than both extensional and upstream-rotating meanders. Downstream-rotating meanders appear to establish larger point bars that expand throughout the meander, in contrast to extensional meanders, which have smaller bars, and upstream rotating meanders, which are characterized by deposition over the bar head. These observations demonstrate that the size and position of point bars within meander bends influences flow routing and thus controls the dominant direction of meander growth. Rivers with low sediment supplies build smaller point bars, which reduces their capacity to increase meander curvature and the resulting sinuosity.
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Sarnavskyi, S. P., i Grebin V.V. "RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDIES OF THE RIVER NETWORK OF THE LEFT BANK OF THE MIDDLE DNIEPER (FROM THE FIRST MENTIONS TO DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS – IV CENTURY BC – THE END OF THE XVIII CENTURY)". Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, nr 4 (62) (2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2021.4.4.
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The article presents the history of research of the left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper. The periodization of research by chronological periods from the IV century is developed. B.C. until the end of the XVIII century. The periods and key stages of river research during the corresponding period are highlighted. The issues of description of the respective rivers in antiquity and the Middle Ages are covered, in particular the elements of the geographical position of their river systems, water regime, feeding conditions, economical use, elements of river valleys and the organic world of their basins. Chronicle data and original works of scientists and politicians of these time periods are processed. The issues of geographical position of the river network, number and names of rivers of the studied sub-basin of the Middle Dnieper according to the maps of the XVI-XVIII centuries are covered in detail. Cartographic works of cartographers from France, the Netherlands, Italy, and Muscovy have been studied. Particular attention is paid to the cartographic works of the French cartographer Guillaume Levasser de Beauplan, who began a new stage in the mapping of the main left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper and their smaller tributaries. For the first time, 137 rivers of the Left Bank of the Middle Dnieper were marked on his maps. He put forward the theory of the formation of the channels of the left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper. On the maps of 1680 – 1760, we notice the beginning of the stage of stagnation in the image of the hydrographic grid of the left tributaries of the Middle Dnieper. The information according to the descriptive data of the Left Bank of Ukraine of the end of the XVIII century is singled out. The first detailed descriptions of the rivers – Kyiv, Chernihiv, Kharkiv governorates and Little Russia Governorate in the period from 1775 to 1800 were developed. A complete catalog of rivers of the I, II, III and IV order of the Middle Dnieper sub-basin according to descriptive data within the river basins with indication of their length is given.
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Herricks, Edwin E., i Maria I. Braga. "Habitat Elements in River Basin Management and Planning". Water Science and Technology 19, nr 9 (1.09.1987): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0063.
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Comprehensive river basin management mast move beyond narrowly focused programs dealing with water quantity or water quality. A more comprehensive approach to river basin management recognizes that both flow quantity and water quality can be summarized as habitat measures. A number of well developed physical habitat analysis and prediction procedures are presently available. Several computerized systems available from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service (Habitat Suitability Index - HSI and PHysical HABitat SIMulation - PHABSIM) provide macrohabitat definition. We have developed a water quality based habitat component which operates effectively for general analysis. With an emphasis on site specific management in the United States, the macrohabitat definition procedures may not meet all river basin management and planning requirements. This paper reviews the results of research which characterizes microhabitat in streams and rivers and provides a valuable extension to basin management procedures.
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Lisetskii, Fedor. "Water Resources of Rivers and Erosion-Accumulation Processes". Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 15, nr 4 (25.12.2022): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.4.1.
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Basin territorial structures are defined as unified natural and anthropogenic systems, since the movement of matter, energy and information occurs naturally from the divide to the valley line of the river valley within them. Considering the global issues of soil degradation in watersheds and depletion of water resources, some regional experience in the design and implementation of soil and water protection of cultivated lands as part of the concept of the basin nature management and implementation of the program for environmental rehabilitation of rivers and water bodies is presented. The statement that it is necessary to develop a long-term strategy for the consistent arrangement of basin geosystems from a divide of catchments to valley lines of a fluvial network in the conditions of a crisis situation with the use of soil, land and water resources is justified.
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Tsaryk, Ljubomyr P., Ivan P. Kovalchuk, Petro L. Tsaryk, Bogdan S. Zhdaniuk i Ihor R. Kuzyk. "Basin systems of small rivers of Western Podillya: state, change tendencies, perspectives of nature management and nature protection optimization". Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, nr 3 (13.10.2020): 606–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112055.
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The level of anthropogenization of the natural processes and the geocomponents of the basin geosystems of small rivers in Western Podillya has been estimated and rated as ecologically dangerous from the viewpoint of sustainable and conflict free functioning. The scales of the transformation of the components of natural environment by economic activities since 1774 were revealed using the method of comparative-geographic analysis of cartographic sources. The scales of deforestation were determined, as well as the scales of the influences of drainage meliorations on wetlands, river floodplains and riverbed complexes. It has been established that such transformations of the state of the components of landscape systems have caused the manifestation of a set of unfavorable processes and phenomena (lowering of ground water level, promoting desiccation, soil erosion and deflation, soil dehumification, decreasing landscape and biological diversity, etc.). Calculated indices of the anthropogenic modification of natural components testify that the strongest adversary impacts on river systems and basin landscapes are caused by agriculture, deforestation, and drainage meliorations. Our analysis of the current state of reclaimed lands in the basins of the rivers Dzhuryn and Nichlava confirmed the conclusions of B. I Kozlovsky on the effects of drainage reclamation on groundwater in drained lands and of the formation within them and around drainage systems of negative hydrogeological zones of different widths. In the absence of precipitation for 30-45 consecutive days in summer there is a sharp decrease in groundwater levels, and overdrying of soils, which causes the manifestation and intensification of deflation, shallowing and even drying of the upper reaches of rivers and streams. At the final stage of the study, a system of measures aimed at ensuring the sustainability of river basin geosystems was substantiated. The introduction of an optimization model of land use in the basin geosystem is one of the priority tasks in the context of negative changes in the water regime of watercourses and the water balance of river basin systems. Optimization measures provide for the transformation of the part of degraded and unproductive lands towards the grasslands and the planting of gardens (slopes up to 7°) and afforestation (surface steepness over 7°) to improve the quality of environment and to form the environmentally secure land use system. Regional indices of anthropogenic transformation for the existing and proposed land structure as a normative regional indices of nature utilization optimality are calculated. Substantiation of schemes of basin nature protection networks was based on taking into account the role of protected areas in maintaining certain functional features at the sources, in the middle and lower parts of river basins. Based on the results of field surveys, it is proposed to create nine protected areas within the Dzhuryn Basin and eight protected areas within the Nichlava river basin, which will increase the share of protected areas of the Dzhuryn basin to 8% (compared to present 4.8%) and Nichlava to 19%. At the same time, it is proposed to change the structure of the nature reserve fund of the Nichlava river basin, taking into account the existing high share (77%) of general zoological reserves, inefficient from the standpoint of conservation of natural complexes, instead creating six landscape reserves on an area of about 800 hectares. The paper considers the possibility of further development of the tourist and recreational sphere in the near-Dnister sections of the river basins of Dzhuryn and Nichlava, and proposes the creation of Borshchiv Regional landscape park in the picturesque valley of the Nichlava River.
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Wang, Zhe, Zhen Kui Jin i Gui Zai Li. "Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of Badaowan Formation in Dishuiquan Area, Junggar Basin". Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (grudzień 2012): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.56.
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In the light of the principle and method of sequence stratigraphy, the sequence stratigraphic framework of Badaowan formation in the Dishuiquan area was established. The results show that the sequence of Badaowan formation is one and half, including 5 system tracts. The whole experiences the process of retrogradation, progradation and then retrogradation again. There develop three types of sedimentary facies such as braided river, braided river delta and lakes, five types of sedimentary subfacies and 10 types of sedimentary microfacies. Most of JSQ1 sequence lowstand system tract is braided rivers, the lacustrine transgressive system tract mainly develops shore-shallow lacustrine sediment and most of highstand system tract is braided river delta; lowstand systems tract of JSQ2 sequence mainly develops braided river delta, most of the lacustrine transgressive system tract is shore-shallow lacustrine sediments.
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Sarmento-Soares, Luisa Maria, Ronaldo Fernando Martins-Pinheiro i Mikael Mansur Martinelli. "A fauna de peixes nas bacias do sudeste do Espírito Santo, Brasil". SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 12, nr 1 (8.06.2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/scb116.
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The hydrographic basin of southeastern Espírito Santo comprises the systems of Rio Novo, Rio Benevente and small river basins of the Guarapari. The present study is part of a series of studies on the fish fauna of river basins in Espírito Santo State. Fourty-five geo-referrerenced points in rivers and rivulets of the region were evaluated, 13 in the Rio Novo basin, 23 in the Rio Benevente basin and nine in small river basins in the municipalities of Anchieta, Guarapari, and Vila Velha. The environment and fish fauna were documented at every point, reporting a total of 110 species (54 marine), belonging to 46 families and 17 orders, most of which are Perciformes (42 species). With the exception of marine species, most of the fishes belong to the orders Characiformes and Siluriformes, with 16 species each. The Atlantic forest along the rivers of southeastern Espírito Santo region is composed of ombrophylous forest, pluvial submontane forest and pioneer formations (swamps, coastal sand dunes, and mangroves). The wetlands and coastal lake environments in the area are submitted to intense disturbances, and in this sense, the conservation units are extremely important for their preservation. The regional endemism of freshwater fishes is commented on, as well as the presence of potentially new species in the study area.
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Restrepo, Juan Camilo, Juan Carlos Ortíz, Mauro Maza, Luís Otero, Manuel Alvarado i Julían Aguirre. "ESTIMATING FLUVIAL DISCHARGE IN THE CARIBBEAN SEABOARD OF COLOMBIA: MAGNITUDE, VARIABILITY AND EXTREME EVENTS". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, nr 33 (25.10.2012): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.management.44.
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Monthly freshwater discharge data of ten rivers draining into the Caribbean Sea in the northern of Colombia (Caribbean alluvial plain) are analyzed. The data are used to quantify the magnitude, to estimate long-term trends, and to evaluate variability patterns of freshwater discharges into the ocean. These Colombian rivers contribute with ~340.9 km3 yr-1 of freshwater into the Caribbean Sea. The Magdalena River delivers the largest discharge, with a mean discharge at Calamar of 205.5 km3 yr-1 which represents 26% of the total fluvial discharge into this basin. From 2000 to 2010 the annual streamflow of these rivers rose up three fold. However, only the Mulatos, Canal del Dique, Magdalena, and Fundación Rivers have significant statistical upward trends. The concurrence of the major oscillation processes and the maximum power of the 3-7 year fluctuation defined a period of intense hydrological activity around 1998-2002. Wavelet spectrum analysis indicated a change in the variability patterns of fluvial systems between 2000 and 2010, characterized by a shift toward a domain of quasi-decadal processes (8-12 years). The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), ENSO events, and quasi-decadal climate processes (e.g. sea surface temperatures over tropical North Atlantic, Pacific Decadal Oscillation) are the main factors controlling fluvial discharge variability of these fluvial systems.
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Zellman, Kristine L., Piret Plink-Björklund i Henry C. Fricke. "Testing hypotheses on signatures of precipitation variability in the river and floodplain deposits of the Paleogene San Juan Basin, New Mexico, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, nr 12 (18.02.2021): 1770–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.75.
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ABSTRACTMuch progress has been made in recent years towards a set of recognition criteria for river discharge variability in river channel deposits, and thus sedimentary proxies for precipitation variability. Despite this progress, there is currently no consensus on how different styles of discharge variability are reflected in river sedimentary records, and whether variable-discharge river records from different climate types can be distinguished. Herein, river discharge and precipitation variability in the Paleogene is investigated using associations between river channel and floodplain deposits across the Paleocene–Eocene boundary from the Paleocene upper Nacimiento Formation and the early Eocene San Jose Formation in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA.The succession is identified as deposits of variable-discharge river systems based on shared channel-deposit characteristics with modern and ancient variable-discharge river systems and the proposed facies models, in addition to alternations of poorly drained and well-drained floodplain deposits and/or slickensides indicating alternating wet–dry cycles. A long-term stratigraphic trend toward increasingly well-drained floodplain deposits is also observed and hypothesized to indicate successively more arid conditions from the Paleocene into the early Eocene. Comparisons with modern rivers from various climate zones suggest a long-term shift from a monsoonal climate in the Paleocene, to a fluctuating subhumid climate, ultimately leading to semiarid to arid conditions in the early Eocene. These observations suggest that floodplain deposits may be a better indicator of ambient climate, whereas channel deposits are records for frequency and magnitude of high-intensity precipitation events. Therefore, the existing facies models for variable-discharge rivers that consider only channel facies may not capture critical information needed to make accurate interpretations of paleoclimatic conditions. This study also adds to a growing body of evidence from geologic records of mid-latitude Paleogene river systems suggesting increases in the magnitude or variability of river discharge coinciding with established climate perturbations.
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Dehodiuk, S. E., Е. G. Degodiyk i Yu P. Borko. "Basin-centric approach to the sustainable development of agriculture in the context of climate change". Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice, nr 2 (15.12.2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54651/agri.2021.02.01.
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The aim is to develop conceptual principles of sustainable development of the agrosphere and reproduction of degraded riverbeds of small rivers under climate change. Methods. Methodology and methods of system approach, monitoring, statistical analysis, and synthesis of scientific data. Results. It has been determined the ecological condition in Ukraine and the world has been by the manifestations of degradation processes in terrestrial ecosystems and small river basins on the principle of causation. It has been suggested the conceptual bases of restoration of channels of small rivers and their basins by carrying out engineering, culture-technical works in channels and floodplains of small rivers, the organization of adaptive landscaping of the territory, and also carrying out agro-, chemo-, bio- and phyto-meliorations in their basins without disturbance the basis of erosion and giving impetus to self-renewal of natural fauna and flora. In the processes of nature restoration, the leading role of domestic science in the methodological and methodological support of projects has been identified, and importance is attached to the restoration of natural biodiversity and biologization in agricultural systems. We proposed to create a state mortgage land bank with a concentration in it of land fees of ecological funds with the involvement of domestic and foreign investment. It is recommended to test the idea in several model pools of soil-climatic zones with further replication in Ukraine and the spread of technology beyond its borders. Conclusions. А systematic approach is needed to carry out reclamation works in the basins of small rivers is to implement the basin approach. To implement the program, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine must adopt the Law of Ukraine “On Agriculture, Sustainable Development of the Biosphere and Ecological Nature Management”, the project of which was developed at the NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS”. The NSC “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” with appropriate financial and personnel support on a multifunctional basis can perform the functions of a methodological center for the development of methodology and techniques of land management and reclamation in the process of restoring small river basins.
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Santos, Maria Ângela Cruz Macêdo dos, Iuri Moreira Costa, Juliana Alcântara Costa, Antônio Edgar Mateus, Rosangela Felesmino de Sousa, Witalo Da Silva Sales, Jackson Teixeira Lobo i in. "Tendências no Nível do Rio de Bacias Hidrográficas do Estado do Ceará e Suas Causas Climáticas (Trends in Level River of Basin Hydrographic of the Ceará State and Its Causes Climate)". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 7, nr 5 (22.01.2015): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v7.5.p927-938.
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Utilizando o teste de Mann-Kendall, objetivou-se nesse trabalho, analisar as tendências nas séries de cotas dos rios principais dasbacias hidrográficas do Estado do Ceará. As bacias hidrográficas do Ceará estudadas aqui foram: Bacia do Médio, Alto, Baixo Jaguaribe, Bacia do Salgado, Bacia Acaraú, Bacia Curú, Bacia de Ibiapaba, Bacia do Banabuiú, Bacia Coreaú, Bacia do Litoral. Foram utilizados os dados de cotas dos rios principais dessas bacias hidrográficas, cujos nomes das bacias hidrográficas são os mesmos desses rios cearenses. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da Agência Nacional das Águas para o período de 1973 a 2013. Para identificar as possíveis causas climáticas, utilizou-se a Análise de Ondeleta, a qual identifica as escalas temporais dominantes dos fenômenos e sistemas meteorológicos. Duas dessas Bacias hidrográficas mostraram tendência de diminuição na cota de seus rios principais, enquanto outras duas apresentaram tendência de aumento.Verificou-se que a escala decadal domina sobre as variações de cotas, sugerindo que a Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico tem influência direta sobre o nível dos rios e, associada ao sinal persistente de El Niño Oscilação Sul (7 anos), promoveram aumento e diminuição das cotas, dependendo de suas fases. Desse modo, com acompanhamento hidroclimático, os gestores de recursos hídricos e setores da economia e sociedade podem tirar proveito dessas importantes informações com previsão antecipada. A B S T R A C T Using the Mann-Kendall test, this study aimed to analyze the trends in the shares of the major rivers of the watershed of the State of Ceará series. Basinhydrographics of Ceará studied here were: Médio, Alto, BaixoJaguaribe Basin, Salgado Basin, Acaraú Basin, BaciaCurú, Ibiapaba Basin, Banabuiú Basin, Coreaú Basin, Litoral Basin. Itsused data levelsof the main rivers of these Basin hydrographics, river basins whose names are the same cearenses these rivers. Data were obtained through the National Water Agency for the period 1973 to 2013 to identify possible causes climate, we used the wavelet analysis, which identifies the dominant temporal scales phenomena and weather systems. Two of these river basins showed declining trend in share of its major rivers, while two others showed a tendency to increase. Checkthat the decadal-scale variations dominates over quota, suggesting that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation has a direct influence on the level rivers and associated with a persistent signal of El Niño Southern Oscillation (7 years), caused an increase and decrease in quotas, depending on their stages. Thus, with climatemonitoring water resource managers and sectors of the economy and society can benefit from this important information with advance forecast. Keywords: Mann-Kendall test, Water Resources Management, José and Noé effect, Wavelet analisys.
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Pavlek, Katarina. "Geomorphological change in rivers: research approaches, results and challenges". Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 85, nr 1 (2023): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2023.85.01.01.
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Although rivers are inherently dynamic systems that are susceptible to change, human impact on rivers in the last century is considered to have been so significant that it has caused an unprecedented intensity of geomorphological change in river channels and floodplains. As these changes often lead to deterioration of ecological conditions as well as increased flood risks, the approach to river management has changed over the past twenty years. There is an increasing emphasis on a holistic approach based on the understanding of river system processes, for which studies of geomorphological change in rivers represent a very important source of information. The aim of this review is to present the basic methods used in studies of geomorphological change in rivers, including the spatio-hierarchical delineation of the river system, data sources, and the most commonly analysed geomorphological characteristics and factors of change. The results of previous research are presented for the period of the last 150 years. The most important geomorphological changes include channel narrowing, incision, and reduction in the complexity of fluvial landforms and processes due to channelization and the construction of numerous barriers that disrupt the connectivity in water flow and sediment transport. Explaining the cumulative impacts and predicting future changes are the major research challenges. These challenges are related to the complexity of the river system, i.e. a large number of causal factors, connections, and interactions in the river system, and to the nonlinearity of the evolutionary trajectory of changes in rivers.