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Baroni, Michel. "Analyse du risque de l'immobilier physique : évaluation et application aux financements structurés". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the thesis is to analyze the risk factors associated with real estate physical investment. A rich database of over 100000 transactions mainly for residential properties in the Paris area over the 1973-1998 period is explored. The main risk factors are identified using the Principal Component Analysis as well as a Stepwise WLS Regression Method. .
Bailly, Anne-Laure. "Caracterisation physique et biologique des catheters intravasculaires et risques lies a leur utilisation (doctorat : imagerie medicale)". Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA11T032.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoussel, Michel. "Impact d'une activité physique aérobie sur le risque cardiovasculaire et l'état de santé perçu chez la femme ménopausée". Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0205.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe impact of a 4-month walking program (3 sessions/week of 45 min at 60-65% of their heart rate reserve) on the metabolic risk profile, the energy balance and dietary habits as well as the general perceived health was investigated in sedentary and moderately obses postmenopausal women. Endurance-training promoted body weight and fat mass losses, as well as reduction in visceral adipose tissue, while it improved the lipid-lipoprotein profile and cardiorespiratory fitness, in all participants. Despite a higher energy expenditure, total energy intake remained unchanged after training. However, changes in food group consumption were observed in all women. Finally, perceived general (mental and physical) helth was significantly improved in response to our walking program
Favier, Philomène. "Une approche intégrée du risque avalanche : quantification de la vulnérabilité physique et humaine et optimisation des structures de protection". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU051/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLong term avalanche risk quantification for mapping and the design of defense structures is done in mostcountries on the basis of high magnitude events. Such return period/level approaches, purely hazardoriented,do not consider elements at risk (buildings, people inside, etc.) explicitly, and neglect possiblebudgetary constraints. To overcome these limitations, risk based zoning methods and cost-benefit analyseshave emerged recently. They combine the hazard distribution and vulnerability relations for the elementsat risk. Hence, the systematic vulnerability assessment of buildings can lead to better quantify the riskin avalanche paths. However, in practice, available vulnerability relations remain mostly limited to scarceempirical estimates derived from the analysis of a few catastrophic events. Besides, existing risk-basedmethods remain computationally intensive, and based on discussable assumptions regarding hazard modelling(choice of few scenarios, little consideration of extreme values, etc.). In this thesis, we tackle theseproblems by building reliability-based fragility relations to snow avalanches for several building types andpeople inside them, and incorporating these relations in a risk quantification and defense structure optimaldesign framework. So, we enrich the avalanche vulnerability and risk toolboxes with approaches of variouscomplexity, usable in practice in different conditions, depending on the case study and on the time availableto conduct the study. The developments made are detailed in four papers/chapters.In paper one, we derive fragility curves associated to different limit states for various reinforced concrete(RC) buildings loaded by an avalanche-like uniform pressure. Numerical methods to describe the RCbehaviour consist in civil engineering abacus and a yield line theory model, to make the computations asfast as possible. Different uncertainty propagation techniques enable to quantify fragility relations linkingpressure to failure probabilities, study the weight of the different parameters and the different assumptionsregarding the probabilistic modelling of the joint input distribution. In paper two, the approach is extendedto more complex numerical building models, namely a mass-spring and a finite elements one. Hence, muchmore realistic descriptions of RC walls are obtained, which are useful for complex case studies for whichdetailed investigations are required. However, the idea is still to derive fragility curves with the simpler,faster to run, but well validated mass-spring model, in a “physically-based meta-modelling” spirit. Inpaper three, we have various fragility relations for RC buildings at hand, thus we propose new relationsrelating death probability of people inside them to avalanche load. Second, these two sets of fragilitycurves for buildings and human are exploited in a comprehensive risk sensitivity analysis. By this way,we highlight the gap that can exist between return period based zoning methods and acceptable riskthresholds. We also show the higher robustness to vulnerability relations of optimal design approaches ona typical dam design case. In paper four, we propose simplified analytical risk formulas based on extremevalue statistics to quantify risk and perform the optimal design of an avalanche dam in an efficient way. Asensitivity study is conducted to assess the influence of the chosen statistical distributions and flow-obstacleinteraction law, highlighting the need for precise risk evaluations to well characterise the tail behaviour ofextreme runouts and the predominant patterns in avalanche - structure interactions
Czernichow, Sébastien Oppert Jean-Michel. "Adiposité globale et abdominale et risque cardiovasculaire dans la cohorte SU.VI.MAX". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2005_0218_CZERNICHOW.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoule, Julie. "Approche socio-cognitive en réadaptation cardiaque : effets sur l'observance à l'activité physique, les facteurs de risque et la qualité de vie". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28029/28029.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDos, Santos Gaël. "Relation entre activité physique et risque de cancer su sein chez la femme à partir des données de la cohorte E3N". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA113002.
Pełny tekst źródłaRegular physical activity has been found to be related to the reduction of breast cancer risk. However, its relationship with the ailment is complex. Epidemiological French studies that tried to investigate the role of physical activity on the occurrence of a mammary tumour are scarce. Considering a population of 90,000 women from the E3N French cohort, we reported that decline of breast cancer risk was more pronounced for vigorous physical activities rather than moderate, for thin women rather than overweight and especially if women had not reached the menopause yet. Furthermore, the associations seemed to be more marked for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) than for ER- carcinomas. Moreover, physical activity seemed to modulate the impact of some factors such as Body Mass Index or dietary intake on breast cancer’s characteristics at time of diagnosis. Biological mechanisms dependent on ER and some growth factors could be involved
Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylène. "Composition corporelle, phytoestrogènes et exercices impact sur les facteurs de risque des maladies cardiovasculaires chez des femmes ménopausées". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2754.
Pełny tekst źródłaApparigliato, Romain. "Règles de décision pour la gestion du risque : Application à la gestion hebdomadaire de la production électrique". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004166.
Pełny tekst źródłaBenadjaoud, Mohamed Amine. "Modélisation flexible du risque d’événements iatrogènes radio-induits". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRadiotherapy plays a major role in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer. Despite significant advances in technology for nearly twenty years, healthy tissues near or away from the target tumor remain inevitably irradiated at very different levels of doses. These doses are at the origin of early side effects (edema, radiation necrosis, dysphagia, cystitis) or late (rectal bleeding, telangiectasia, carcinogenic, cerebrovascular diseases). It is therefore essential to quantify and prevent these side effects to improve the patient quality of life after their cancer treatment.The objective of this thesis was to propose modelling methods able to answer specific questions asked in both aspects, dosimetry and statistics, involved in the modeling risk of developing radiation-induced iatrogenic pathologies.Our purpose was firstly to assess the out-of-field dose component related to head scatter radiation in high-energy photon therapy beams and then derive a multisource model for this dose component. For measured doses under out-of-field conditions, the average local difference between the calculated and measured photon dose is 10%, including doses as low as 0.01% of the maximum dose on the beam axis. We secondly described a novel method to explore radiation dose-volume effects. Functional data analysis is used to investigate the information contained in differential dose-volume histograms. The method is applied to the normal tissue complication probability modeling of rectal bleeding for In the flexible Cox model context, we proposed a new dimension reduction technique based on a functional principal component analysis to estimate a dose-response relationship. A two-stage knots selection scheme was performed: a potential set of knots is chosen based on information from the rotated functional principal components and the final knots selection is then based on statistical model selection. Finally, a multilevel functional principal component analysis was applied to radiobiological data in order to quantify the experimental Variability for replicate measurements of fluorescence signals of telomere length
Mury, Pauline. "Mécanismes et impact de l’activité physique et de la sédentarité sur les facteurs de risque biologiques de l’instabilité de plaque d’athérosclérose carotidienne". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1067/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAtherosclerosis is a complex cardiovascular disease that affects the arterial wall where plaque development and progression are severely promoted by chronic inflammation. Carotid plaque destabilization could lead to potential major ischemic events such stroke which is still unpredictable, making primary prevention very complex. Thus, there is still currently no suitable predictive biomarker of plaque rupture. Nevertheless, it is now clearly established that intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), neovascularization and excessive macrophage accumulation are the three main risk factors of plaque instability. Based on previous studies, the aim of this work was to evaluate independently the impact of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior, first on histological parameters of plaque instability, and secondly on secondary risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and hemorheological profile of asymptomatic patients at high-risk of stroke who underwent endarterectomy surgery. The first study shows that regular PA was associated to a decreased occurrence of IPH, and was the only protective factor for IPH. This study also suggested a beneficial effect of PA on macrophage accumulation as well as on oxidative stress. Then, in the 2nd study, we have characterized the functional state of proteins potentially implicated in immune system dysfunctions, and the implication of inflammatory cells in these mechanisms. We have identified a pro-inflammatory cytokine as a key driver of disrupting inflammatory process of plaque. In the same way, we have characterized in the 3rd study, the effect of PA on the monocytic response in atherosclerosis patients, and identified a chemokine associated that could explain the modulation of this monocytic response by PA. Finally, the 4th study demonstrates the hemorheological parameters alteration in carotid artery disease patients, and how PA could limit this alteration via red blood cell aggregation. This PhD thesis provided information regarding regular PA in primary prevention of atherosclerosis. However, additional studies are required to confirm these results, using in particular PA interventional approach
Czernichow, Sébastien. "Adiposité globale et abdominale et risque cardiovasculaire dans la cohorte SU. VI. MAX". Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0218_CZERNICHOW.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMendelson, Monique. "Importance de l'activité physique, de l'exercice musculaire et du sommeil sur le risque cardiovasculaire et métabolique de la personne en surpoids ou obèse". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaObesity is a major public health issue and is associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity. Recent studies underline the potential bidirectional association between sleep and obesity: sleep seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity also appears to play an etiological role in the development of sleep disturbances, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Physical activity is an important modality for the treatment of obesity and OSA and can contribute to decreasing cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. However, both obesity and OSA have been associated with exercise intolerance.In this thesis, we explored the relation between physical activity, exercise, obesity, sleep and associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese adults with OSA and obese adolescents.We showed that physical activity is the major determinant for evening blood pressure in adults with OSA presenting high cardiovascular risk. We then explored the effects of OSA on cardiorespiratory fitness and lipid oxidation in non-obese adults with OSA. Accumulation of chest wall fat can increase ventilatory constraint during exercise and may contribute to exercise intolerance in obesity. Thus, we aimed to verify the role of ventilatory factors in obese adolescents' exercise tolerance. We chose this population because their cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors are not fully established therefore we could isolate the effects of ventilatory factors on exercise tolerance. Our results showed that obese adolescents breathed at lower lung volumes and presented ventilatory constraint during weight-bearing exercise (walking). Exercise training improved breathing strategy by restoring breathing at higher lung volumes and decreasing ventilatory constraint. We also confirmed the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities (inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin-resistance) and altered sleep quality and quantity. Long-term maintenance of weight loss is difficult to achieve, thus we examined the effects of exercise training alone, without dietary restriction, on markers of cardiovascular metabolic morbidity and sleep in obese adolescents. In the absence of weight loss, we showed improved metabolic and cardiovascular anomalies, improved sleep quality and quantity as well as increased spontaneous physical activity. The subgroup of participants who lost the most visceral fat demonstrated greater improvements in insulin-resistance and inflammation. Maintaining the beneficial effects of an exercise rehabilitation program is of particular importance. Thus, a methodological part of this thesis focused on the transferability of metabolic indices measured in a laboratory (i.e. Lipoxmax and crossover point) onto the field in order to prescribe Adapted Physical Activities. This study suggests the need to perform specific tests to use these indices outside of a clinical setting.In conclusion, our results highlight the major role of physical activity and exercise (without dietary restriction) in the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity with or without OSA
Berger, Mathieu. "Effets bénéfiques de l’activité physique dans le syndrome d’apnées-hypopnées obstructives du sommeil". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main purpose of this thesis was to assess the benefit of regular physical activity on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A total of five studies were conducted during this thesis and will be presented during this manuscript. These studies took place in two different practice settings: a community setting within the French Federation of Physical Education and Voluntary Gymnastics (FFEPGV) and an in-hospital setting into the Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne.Our main study, EXESAS, evaluated the benefit of a community physical activity program practiced within the FFEPGV (NeuroGyV™ program) in a randomized controlled trial including 96 patients aged from 40 to 80 years with moderate OSA. We demonstrated that nine months of NeuroGyV™ program, including three hours of physical activity per week, could "cure" (apnea-hypopnea index [IAH] <15 events/hour) 58% of patients in the exercise group while only 20% of patients in the control group who received dietary advice and physical activity recommendations were considered cured. At the end of the program, patients in the exercise group also improved their quality of life and reduced their sleepiness. Beyond the improvement of the AHI, we demonstrated an increase in the maximum oxygen consumption during exercise test, suggesting a cardiovascular risk reduction.The EXESAS study also investigated the effect of the NeuroGyV™ program on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). We showed that ANS activity is preserved in OSA patients who benefited from the physical activity program. In contrast, patients in the control group had a greater hypoxemic load and decreased heart rate variability, suggesting that OSA and the associated cardiovascular risk worsened spontaneously in absence of regular physical activity.The screening of the EXESAS study led to an abstract on the choice of the most relevant OSA screening questionnaire in the general population. We showed that the STOP-BANG questionnaire had a better sensitivity than the Berlin and thus STOP-BANG questionnaire should be preferred in clinical screening even if its specificity remains low.Finally, our trial in cardiac rehabilitation confirmed the benefit of exercise training on OSA severity and on the rebalancing of ANS in coronary arterial disease (CAD) patients. Yet, preliminary results from the RICAOS study showed that inspiratory muscles training in CAD patients with moderate OSA do not provide additional benefits over a standard cardiac rehabilitation program.In conclusion, regular physical activity effectively reduces the severity of OSA in patients with or without a history of heart disease. The results of the five studies conducted during this thesis suggest that regular physical activity should be considered as a cornerstone in the prevention and management of mild and moderate forms.Future studies should be conducted to explore in more detail the underlying physiological mechanisms and determine which patients should better benefit from this therapeutic alternative as a matter of priority
Do, Hoang Quynh Anh. "Analyse et justification de la sécurité de systèmes robotiques en interaction physique avec l’humain". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0025/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRobotic systems that continuously adapt to their environment and physically interact with human are increasingly used in various fields like personal assistance or factory work. They are characterised by their ability to adapt to the environment, to take decision in the light of their perception of the environment and particularly of the human. As the failure of such systems may lead to catastrophic consequences, analysis and justification of the level of confidence in these systems with regards to safety, and furthermore their certification is a real challenge. The construction of a Safety Case is one of the means that can be used to support the certification of such systems. It is aimed at describing and justifying how every hazard has been mitigated and its severity maintained as low as reasonably possible. However, for robotic systems that have to deal with many uncertainties, there is a lack of a systematic approach to support the construction of their Safety Case and the assessment of its underlying confidence. Our research aims at contributing to the development of such a systematic approach starting with a risk analysis focusing on human-robot interactions, followed by Safety Case construction from formalized models and finally an automatic assessment of the confidence in safety argumentation. As a case study, the safety of a rehabilitation robot for strolling is analysed and justified based on the approaches developed in this thesis
Luiggi, Maxime. "Etude épidémiologique des activités sportives : évolution de la participation des adolescents et détection des sous-groupes à risque de blessure : approche locale et culturelle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0401/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaParticipation in physical and sports activities ‘PSA’ is a health factor. Sport is a form of physical activity ‘PA’ that helps to reach the recommended amount of PA per day. PSA promotions plans are launched by European states. However, sport participation also involves significant risks. Some sports injuries provoke long-term health negative outcomes. Promotion of sport participation faces a paradox. As a mean of healthy state, it implies some risks linked to the modalities of participation. To know the extent of these effects, epidemiological studies are needed. They help to determine adolescents’ subgroups that play sports, and among them, those at greater risk of injury. In France, previous studies are representative of the national population. However, no study estimated sport participation and injury risks factors while focusing on adolescent. Moreover, international findings showed that variation of results exists as function of the life environment of participants. We performed epidemiological retrospectives studies among the adolescent population of a specific French locality: the Bouches-du-Rhône. This one is characterized by a high-level of poverty and inequalities. We made the hypothesis, that results differ compared to those obtained at the national level. In addition of objectives measures of participation and injuries, we asked adolescents about the experiences that they like to live in their favorite sport. This knowledge could be useful to the development of promotion initiatives that are adapted to the tastes of this population. (resume no complete)
Chaufer, Martin. "Développement d’un substitut physique de thorax humain et de son jumeau numérique dédiés à la prédiction du risque lésionnel lors d'impacts balistiques non pénétrants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA015.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent years, the use of less-lethal weapons has increased. These weapons, designed to neutralise individuals exhibiting dangerous behaviour, can cause injuries or even death. Similar injury mechanisms are observed in the rear deformation of bulletproof vests during impacts. To protect citizens and law enforcement personnel, it is necessary to prevent such scenarios. However, today there are few tools available to assist in the sizing of such equipment. In this context, this thesis aims to develop tools for predicting thoracic injury risk during non-penetrating ballistic impacts. Accordingly, a physical substitute of the human thorax and its numerical twin are developed. Initially, the HUByx numerical model is used as a reference to construct a simplified numerical model that can be manufactured using readily available materials. Different materials are characterised, and their material laws are established. Once validated, this numerical model serves as a basis for constructing the physical substitute called SurHUByx. It is equipped with various sensors to record data over the rib and in internal organs during ballistic impacts. Specific impact cases described in case reports are replicated on SurHUByx to correlate sensor data with injury assessments. Finally, a statistical approach is used to develop injury prediction curves, allowing to estimate of the risk of injury following an impact on SurHUByx or its numerical twin, SurHUByx FEM
Hamidou, Bello. "Epidémiologie de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique : Facteurs de risque, incidence et phénotypes". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0062/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease. Currently in France, there is no population-based incidence data. The phenotypic profile of French patients with ALS, has not been studied. Lastly, no risk factors are confirmed for this pathology. In this context, to improve knowledge in these fields, our work consisted of three studies: (1) a study on the incidence of ALS in the Limousin region based on the database from the first French ALS register (2) a study of the phenotypes of patients from 11 French ALS centers and (3) a literature review of original epidemiological studies focusing on physical activity (PA) and ALS risk. Our work has highlighted a high crude and standardized incidence (on Europe population): 3.19 / 100 000 person-years (PY) and 2.58 / 100,000 PY respectively. Regarding phenotypic aspects, our work identified eight ALS phenotypes: (1) bulbar, (2) cervical spinal (3) lumbar spinal (4) flail leg, (5) flail arm, (6) respiratory, (7) ALS-FTD and (8) dropped head. We demonstrated that the PA itself is probably not a risk factor for ALS. As a first perspective we hope to expand the ALS Register to other French regions. In a second perspective, it would be very important to confirm our work on phenotypes on a larger and representative sample of ALS patients. Finally, regarding the relationship between PA and ALS, other work of high level of evidence are desirable to confirm the synthetic result we brought in this thesis work
Coupe, Mickaël. "Dysfonctions macro et micro-vasculaires induites par l'inactivité physique : évaluation de méthodes prophylactiques chez l'homme". Laboratoire de biologie neurovasculaire et mitochondriale intégrée (Angers), 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ANGE0058.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhysical inactivity has deleterious effects on macro and microcirculation and are independent cardiovascular risk factor. Space environment and its' ground simulation are models of enhanced physical inactivity that induce macrovascular and microvascular impairments. International space community develops the means to prevent and/or counteract these impairments. Countermeasures may be either physical, reproducing gravity or its effects, or nutritional and pharmacological. The goal of our first experiment was to assess the effects of two countermeasures tested during a non strict 60-day head down bed rest. Daily intake of Chinese herbal medicine appeared beneficial for microcirculatory functions but did not efficiently prevent macrovascular dysfunctions and orthostatic intolerance. Resistive exercice combined With whole body vibrations had a beneficial effect on autonomic nervous system but did not prevent orthostatic intolerance. The goal of our second experiment was to study the recovery of cardiovascular system after a non strict 5-day dry immersion. 24 hours after the end of dry immersion, cardiovascular integrity was restored. Chinese herbs and resistive exercice With whole body vibrations partly prevent the functions we studied. Both of them are very promising systems to counteract cardiovascular impairments induced by long term head down bed rest. Globally, it is important to test the specific effects of countermeasures on vascular functions and in particular on endothelial and microcirculatory functions
Meziat, Cindy. "Hyperglycémie et tissu adipeux, deux acteurs de la dysfonction vasculaire : implication du couple stress oxydant - eNOS et modulation par l'exercice physique". Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0713/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe globalization of the western diet has mediated prevalence in cardiovascular disease related mortality, the single leading cause of death worldwide. Considering this, it is imperative that the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular dysfunctions are continually investigated to establish a greater understanding of its pathogenesis from a healthy state to the presence of cardiometabolic diseases; and to improve upon current treatment and preventative strategies. Therefore, the first aim of this research was to identify vascular impact of acute hyperglycaemic stress induced by sweet sugar beverage consumption, with a translational approach. The results of this study demonstrated that consumption of a single commercially available sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) induced transient micro- and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction, even in a healthy population. Further exploration into the underlying mechanisms of SSB-mediated endothelial dysfunction indicated that an increase in oxidative stress disrupts normal function of the nitric oxide pathway. Although disturbances in cardiovascular function may initially be transient, repetitive acute metabolic stress may translate to chronic cardiometabolic disease. Therefore, the second aim of this research was to assess the impact of a chronic metabolic disorder, metabolic syndrome (MetS), on vascular function in a rat model. Despite increasing sympathetic activity, the MetS rats didn’t present elevated arterial pressure. Such findings may be explained by a compensatory adaptation of endothelial function that increases production of nitric oxide in response to α-adrenergic agonist and, thus, regulates arterial pressure despite sympathetic hyperactivity. Considering this, the third aim of this research evaluated the impact of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on vascular fucntion in MetS rats; demonstrating that MetS altered the adiponectin-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in PVAT, in an oxidative stress-dependant manner.Exercise training is well recognized as a non-pharmacological strategy that has a beneficial impact on both metabolic and cardiovascular disorders via an improvement in function of the nitric oxide pathway. Considering this, research also assessed the efficacy of this approach to prevent vascular injury induced by acute hyperglycaemia in a healthy population and by PVAT in those with MetS. It was demonstrated that exercise attenuated acute hyperglycemia-mediated endothelial dysfunction; and restored endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity in rats with MetS, due to an improvement in the biocommunication between PVAT and arterial tissue and a notable enhancement of the adiponectine-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway
Sanchez, Mathieu. "Identification du risque individuel de rupture des anévrismes cérébraux intra crâniens : une approche biomécanicienne". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767750.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Guenedal Théo. "Financial Modeling of Climate-related Risks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAG009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research project aims at estimating financial risks related to climate change. Beyond the applications and quantitative findings, the main objective of the chapters of this thesis is to provide a structural and methodological framework that is generalizable, in order to facilitate their integration by practitioners. The first chapter proposes a bottom-up measure of transition risk, which can be incorporated with classical risk models (Merton or credit risk model). This cost-based approach is limited to the directly polluting sectors, which leads to the second chapter, which allows for the diffusion of transition risk through the value chain. These approaches offer a static structure that allows for a fixed scenario stress-test but not for pricing the bonds by considering heterogeneous scenarios and the probability of realization. To this end, chapter three proposes a pricing model that integrates a Bayesian approach in updating scenario probabilities based on observed jumps in carbon pricing mechanisms. Finally, the last chapter proposes a Monte-Carlo methodology for simulating annual damages caused by tropical cyclones. The conversion of raw climatic data into a synthetic database of losses is achieved by coupling statistical and thermodynamic relationships. The exposure of physical assets, the dynamics of socio-economic factors, local population densities and specific vulnerabilities in different regions of the world are borrowed from different segments of the literature, and combined to obtain a complete model of the classical triptych necessary for the study of physical hazards: hazard intensity x exposure x vulnerability generalizable and homogeneous across countries. The resulting signal can then be simply included in credit risk models equating annualized damages with additional debt
Emam, Mohammed. "Prédiction des facteurs de risque conduisant à l'emphysème chez l'homme par utilisation de techniques diagnostiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00698101.
Pełny tekst źródłaLesage, Moussavou-Nzamba Mélissa. "Perception d'un programme d'activité physique et de prévention primaire et secondaire chez des personnes présentant une maladie cardiovasculaire ou des facteurs de risque reliés à cette maladie". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1857/1/030081831.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartelli, Kim. "Vulnérabilité physique des milieux urbanisés face à la menace des inondations (lahars et crues éclair) : application au cas d'étude d'Arequipa au Pérou". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881754.
Pełny tekst źródłaDebove, Lola. "Effets de la maladie d’Alzheimer sur le contrôle postural et la locomotion et bienfaits de l’activité physique régulière". Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe general objective of this doctoral work was to analyze the circadian evolution of the control postural and of the locomotion to reached subjects of the Alzheimer's disease (MY), to quantify the effects of physical activity (AP) on these fundamental driving activities and to study their possible transfers on the autonomy of these subjects. The main results show that the control postural and the locomotion of the patients reached of MY evolve in the various moments of the day and deteriorate in the evening, which increases their risk of fall. A transverse analysis of the control posturale indicates that MY disrupts the control postural but the participation in a regular AP compensate for the disruptive effects of this disease and even more because the control postural
Chopart, Jean-Louis. "Relations entre état physique du sol, systèmes racinaires et fonctionnement hydrique du peuplement végétal : outils d'analyse in situ et exemples d'études en milieu tropical à risque climatique élevé". Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10163.
Pełny tekst źródłaTouati, Sabeur. "Obésité, risque athérogène et effet thérapeutique direct de l'exercice physique : étude sur la contribution des voies signalétiques Akt/eNOS et NADPH oxydase pour expliquer les mécanismes vasculo-protecteurs de l'exercice physique chez le rat rendu obèse par une alimentation enrichie en graisse". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583936.
Pełny tekst źródłaTouati, Sabeur. "Obésité, risque athérogène et effet thérapeutique direct de l’exercice physique : étude sur la contribution des voies signalétiques Akt/eNOS et NADPH oxydase pour expliquer les mécanismes vasculo-protecteurs de l’exercice physique chez le rat rendu obèse par une alimentation enrichie en graisse". Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG0704/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in the western countries. It has been attributed to sedentariness and abundance of unhealthy food. Obesity is often associated with endothelial dysfunction and a high atherogenic risk. Several clinical investigations have reported that life style modification included physical exercise and the adoption of healthydiet was an efficient strategy to combat cardiovascular complications linked to obesity. However, numerous mechanisms by which exercise exerts the direct therapeutic effect on atherogenic risk linked to obesity are still unknown. Using the experimental model of high fat diet-induced obesity rat, the general aim of this study, was to identify the possible molecularmechanisms through which exercise with or without diet modification (high fat to standard diet) exerts an antiatherogenic action. Our results show that exercise independently of diet used, corrected the endothelial dysfunction induced by obesity. This benefit effect was associated with the decreased vascular oxidative stress. In effect, our results show that exercise alone was able to decrease NADPH oxidase activity in aortic tissue. Furthermore, we show for the first time that exercise, independently diet used, was able to modulate the translocation of p47phox subunit to membrane (which plays a pivotal role in NADPH oxidase activation). Ours results show also, that exercise with or without diet modification improves the Akt/eNOS phosphorylation pathway, suggesting that exercise increases NO production. In summary, exercise training even without diet modification, may be a non-pharmacological strategy treatment for atherogenic risk linked to obesity
Pelletier, Gabriel. "Associations entre le développement du langage et des trajectoires élevées d'agressivité physique et d'agressivité indirecte de 5 à 12 ans". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30029.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoche, Christelle. "Corporéité, estime de soi et prise de risque dans le traitement de l'apparence physique chez la femme noire : Etude comparée au Mali, aux Antilles françaises et en France métropolitaine". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN1618.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the relations between his body image, self-esteem and the risks attached to interventions to change his physical appearance in different cultural contexts. We have an interest in black women Mali and Caribbean women. The problem involves linking of individual, social and cultural characteristics reciprocal modes of action and the impact they can have on the actual lines. To highlight these relationships, we built a psychometric tool for international purposes: MAP (Modification of physical appearance) consisting of 3 scales: t. Case body self-esteem scale and two scales created, one on the motivations (inspired by the theory of the motivations of Mr. J. Apter) and the other on the dimensions of risk. This tool was sent to 476 black women (Malian and Caribbean) surveyed in their respective countries and metropolitan France. Statistical analysis highlights the links between the different components and the role played by the independent variables (age, socio-economic level, being a mother). A more descriptive level, the responses tell us about how women live their corporeality; Indeed, according to the culture they do not react the same way. Thus the need to take into account the culture in the report that women have with their body and understand how these differences of cultures have an important effect as such, in the report to their own bodies, but also in the use of cosmetics
Mao, Gwladys. "Estimation des coûts économiques des inondations par des approches de type physique sur exposition". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1192/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research was conducted within the framework of the Caisse Centrale de Réassurance's (CCR) R&D objective - to widen the scope of impacts estimated by its flood impact model. In chapter one, we study the various impacts of a flood and their interdependencies in order to create a classification of impacts. This classification allows us to design the architecture of a global impact model built from linking specific impacts models where the outputs of one model are the inputs of the following one. This approach generates an estimation with a breakdown by type of impact. It also allows us to understand the domino effects from the direct damage to the macroeconomic impacts. In chapter two, we study models for car damages according to CCR's specifications. The requirements are: the model should be independent from other natural catastrophes and impacts estimations and it should be able to model both a specific event and the total annual load. Through this work we describe, implement, and identify issues with possible improvements of three modelling approaches: - a simple linear regression, CCR's presently used method, - a frequency x severity model associated to the extreme value theory, widely used in the insurance business sector, - a model that pairs a physical model with exposure through damage curves. CCR already uses this approach to estimate damage to buildings. Hence, we are using CCR's flood hazard model and develop an exposure model and a damage model specific to cars. CCR is in charge of the accounting management of the Agricultural National Risk Management Fund on behalf of the State. Hence, chapter three contains state of the art modeling solutions for this risk and description of the designed model and its implementation. A vulnerability model and a damage model specific to the agricultural risk are developed and paired with CCR's flood hazard model. The vulnerability model uses the Graphic Parcel Register database. The damage model is based on the damage curves developed by IRSTEA for the national think tank on flood cost-benefit analysis. Chapter four is a technical document that will allow CCR to continue the development of the global model. It presents a situational analysis of what has been done (cars and agricultural risks) and of ongoing works (business interruption due to direct damage). For the remaining impacts, it presents the modeling issues, a short research review and the conclusions reached in terms of modeling
Kettaneh, Adrien. "Activité physique et adipocytokines : relations transversales et longitudinales à l'adiposité, ainsi qu'à d'autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez l'enfant et l'adulte en population générale : l'étude Fleurbaix Laventie Ville Santé II". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T005.
Pełny tekst źródłaGouthon, Polycarpe. "Entraînement et capacité aérobie dans une stratégie de prévention des risques cardiovasculaires chez des adolescents béninois". Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR28950.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present study examines the effect of training on aerobic capacity and physiological factors associated with cardiovascular risk in Beninese youngsters aged 13 to 18 years. The population consisted of 359 adolescents of both sexes living in Porto-Novo. The data made it possible : 1) to establish a set of norms regarding maximal aerobic power (MAP) and aerobic endurance assessed by the time limit of maintaining maximal aerobic speed (tlim100) ; 2) to demonstrate the factors of aerobic capacity and several physiological factors associated with cardiovascular risk ; 3) to assess the effects on aerobic capacity of school physical education with three training modes over 12 weeks with one or two sessions per week. - Evolution of aerobic capacity in relation to age had the same tendancies as noted in other countries, but the values differed from those observed in Canada, Belgium and France regarding tlim100 (369s to 493s in Beninese boys versus 316 s to 379 s in French ones). - The contribution of biometric and cardiovascular factors in predicting shuttle VO2max was significant (R2 = 0. 54, p < 0. 05) while lipidic factors were not. - Training at inframaximal intensities ( < 95 % Fcmax) is slightly less efficient than intensive training (85 % - 120 % MAS) for improving MAP (4. 7 % versus 6. 8 %), but it is more appropriate for preventing cardiovascular risk in youngsters, since it reduced body fat, heart rate at rest, the blood pressure gradient during exercise (b = 0. 39 versus b = 0. 36 at test and retest) and electrocardiographic abnormalities. These data confirm the influence of environmental factors as being thermal stressors influencing the expression of aerobic capacity, and the specificity of the effects of training
André, Amaël. "Influence de la pratique commune d'activités physiques et sportives sur les discriminations affinitaires entre élèves issus de classes aux statuts sociaux inégaux". Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe rift observed between students of SEGPA and those of other classes has led us to believe that a great dealay discrimination can be found between these two groups of pupils. EPS is often used as a mean of integration. Yet some studies indicate that it is not enough to suply mix these students to establish better relations between them. This study has three objectives. The first is to investigate the affinity discrimination that exists between students in SEGPA and students in other classes. The second is to determine the influence of the type of competition chosen (individual/intergroup in crossed categorization) on these discriminations during a series of hip-hop dance common courses. The third objective is to study the effect of sports practised in common (hip-hop, basket-ball, relay race) on such discriminations. 294 students in the seventh grade (147 normal cycle and 147 SEGPA) were given sociometric tests at the beginning and the end of the experiment which took place over eight sessions. Results show that from the first test normal cycle students gave higher sociometric marks to their own group than to the SEGPA students. By contrast, pupils in SEGPA showed less discrimination between the two groups. Moreover the common practice of hip-hop dancing altered the orientation of interpersonal affinities between groups. This transformation is linked to the performance for boys in individual competition and linked to crossed categorization in intergroup competition for both, boys and girls. Under the latter circonstances, only hip-hop and basket-ball resulted in a change of intergroup relations. The attractions of the normal cycle students towards the SEGPA were primarily related to individual performance in basket-ball and, in hip-hop, to functional proximity
Hernandez, Bruno. "Apport des mouvements forts et de la géodésie à l'étude de la physique de la rupture sismique : application à l'analyse de l'aléa sismique". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10159.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoche, Johanna. "Le sommeil, ses troubles et la santé cardio-métabolique d'adolescents obèses : effets d'une prise en charge associant exercice physique et modification des habitudes alimentaires". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE010.
Pełny tekst źródłaSleep, through its restorative functions, is essential for life. However, lifestyle modifications, sedentary and unhealthy feeding behaviors trigger sleep curtailment and sleep disruption, leading together to weight gain. Obesity is usually associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and these two diseases both induce metabolic dysfunctions and low-grade systemic inflammation. To the best of our knowledge, no study has assessed the effects of exercise reconditioning and modified food habits on these parameters. The purpose of this work was to assess and compare, from an ancillary study, polysomnographic variables between obese adolescents and normal-weight (NW) controls. In the main study, the effects of a 9-month program (exercise reconditioning, adapted physical activities and modified food habits) on sleep architecture, sleep duration, OSA, biological factors (inflammatory, hormonal, carbohydrates and lipid profiles) and physiological adaptations at exercise were assessed, in order to a better understanding of the roles of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep disorders on cardio-metabolic health. Thirty-two obese adolescents (age: 14.6 years, BMI z-score: 4.7) were recruited. Every parameters were assessed at admission and post-intervention. Short sleep duration and a high prevalence of OSA (58%) were observed at admission in obese adolescents despite a satisfying sleep architecture, compared with NW controls. Post-intervention, weight loss (11kg) and improved parameters of physiological adaptations at exercise (MAP, VE, VO2peak) were found in every subject and OSA was normalized in 46% of them. Sleep quantity and sleep quality were improved. Decreased C-reactive protein (6.78 vs 10.98 mg/l) and leptin concentrations, and increased adiponectin levels were found, and cardio-metabolic risk (CMR) was decreased. At admission, obesity explains by itself the systemic inflammation whereas the decrease in inflammation, post-intervention, is explained by enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness related to fat-free mass, after controlling for sex, weight loss, change in sleep duration and OSA. Prevention of OSA and metabolic dysfunctions by chronic exercise should be an integral part of the obesity management in youths in order to decrease the risk of cardiovascular morbi-mortality in adulthood
Dao, Hung Hanh. "Evolution de la composition corporelle totale et segmentaire, du statut phosphocalcique, des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire, et des aptitudes physiologiques chez des adolescents obèses majeurs sous traitement multidisciplinaire". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066081.
Pełny tekst źródłaAounallah-Skhiri, Hajer. "Mode de vie et santé de l'adolescent en Tunisie dans un contexte de transition épidémiologique". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066108.
Pełny tekst źródłaElineau, Sylvain. "Le risque naturel côtier sur la communauté d'agglomération du Havre (Haute-Normandie) : Une évaluation des aléas". Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935593.
Pełny tekst źródłaSmidts, Olivier. "Analyse probabiliste du risque de stockage de déchets radioactifs par la méthode des arbres d'événements continus". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212182.
Pełny tekst źródłaDans cette thèse, l'analyse d'incertitude liée à la composition du milieu géologique est partagée entre l'écoulement et le transport de la manière suivante: a) une solution moyenne de l'écoulement est tout d'abord déterminée à l'aide d'un code basé sur la méthode des différences finies. Cette solution est ensuite soumise à une analyse de sensibilité. Cette analyse débouche sur la résolution d'un problème inverse afin d'améliorer l'estimation initiale des paramètres moyens d'écoulement; b) l'effet de la variation aléatoire de la vitesse d'écoulement est envisagé lors du transport des radionucléides. Le transport est résolu à l'aide d'une méthode Monte Carlo non analogue.
L'analyse de sensibilité du problème d'écoulement est réalisée à l'aide d'une méthode variationnelle. La méthode proposée a comme avantage celui de pouvoir quantifier l'incertitude de structure; c'est-à-dire l'incertitude liée à la géométrie du milieu géologique.
Une méthodologie Monte Carlo non analogue est utilisée pour le transport de chaînes de radionucléides en milieu stochastique. Les apports de cette méthodologie pour le calcul du risque reposent sur trois points:
1) L'utilisation d'une solution de transport simple (sous la forme d'une solution adjointe) dans les mécanismes de la simulation Monte Carlo. Cette solution de transport permet de résumer, entre deux positions successives du marcheur aléatoire, les processus chimicophysiques (advection, diffusion-dispersion, adsorption, désorption,) apparaissant à l'échelle microscopique. Elle rend possible des simulations efficaces de transport en accélérant les mécanismes de transition des marcheurs aléatoires dans le domaine géologique et dans le temps.
2) L'application de la méthode des arbres d'événements continus au transport de chaînes de radionucléides. Cette méthode permet d'envisager les transitions radioactives entre éléments d'une chaîne selon un même formalisme que celui qui prévaut pour les simulations de transport d'un radionucléide unique. Elle permet donc de passer du transport d'un radionucléide au transport d'une chaîne de radionucléides sans coûts supplémentaires en temps de calcul et avec un coût supplémentaire en mémoire limité.
3) L'application de techniques dites de "double randomization" au problème de transport de radionucléides dans un milieu géologique stochastique. Ces techniques permettent de combiner efficacement une simulation Monte Carlo de paramètres avec une simulation Monte Carlo de transport et ainsi d'inclure l'incertitude associée à la composition du milieu géologique explicitement dans le calcul du risque.
Il ressort de ce travail des perspectives prometteuses de développements ultérieurs de la méthodologie Monte Carlo non analogue pour le calcul du risque.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
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Ghandour, Raymond. "Diagnostic et évaluation anticipée des risques de rupture d'itinéraires basés sur l'estimation de la dynamique du véhicule". Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1966.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is the development on an innovative methodology to address the issue of increasing road safety, by the diagnosis and the monitoring of the evolution of the parameters of the dynamic interaction of the vehicle with its surrounding environment. For that, the development and the evaluation of risk indicators seems necessary to warn the driver in order to avoid the risk situations. The research work of this thesis is divided in two methodologies. The first one, consists on the development of an estimator for the maximum friction coefficient estimation based on the Dugoff tyre-road interaction model and the iterative non-linear optimization method of Levenberg-Marquardt. This estimation is the base behind the development of the lateral skid indicator LSI, that compares the value of the used friction coefficient to the maximum one. An alert is generated, when the value of the LSI exceeds a threshold, to warn the driver on the risk situations. This methodology is validated in simulation using data from the vehicle dynamics simulator CALLAS® and in experimentation using the data from the laboratory vehicle of the IFSTTARMA. The simulation dat correspond to different road states (dry, wet, snowy and icy) and the experimental data correspond to a dry road state. The second methodology consists on the development of an algorithm for the anticipation of the risk situations by the evaluation of the risk indicators in future instant. This method is based on assumptions on the trajectory and longitudinal velocity and acceleration, to anticipate the vehicle dynamics parameters such as, the steering angle, the wheel rotational speed, the yaw rate, the side-slip angle, the normal forces, the lateral forces and the maximum friction coefficient. By knowing these parameters, we can calculate the risk indicators and evaluate them in future instant. The risk indicators evaluated in this method are the lateral load transfer LTR, based on the normal forces and the lateral skid indicator LSI based on the maximum friction coefficient. As well as for the estimation method, this method is validated using simulation data and experimental data. The results obtained in both methods have shown their applicability
Zaghouani, Imen. "Les déterminants psychobiologiques des activités physiques à risque". Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML014.
Pełny tekst źródłaRisk-taking behaviors constitute a growing domain, yet not well known. Our research’s goal aimed at identifying the psychobiological and emotional determinants of risky physical activities: rally, lifestyle sports, horse riding, golf players and circus artists (N = 507). We compared the temperament and character of young horse riders and young golfers, both in Tunisia and in France. We then compared the telic dominance of participants in different kinds of sports. We also tested changes in emotional states, neuroticism, escape and alexithymia related to risk-taking. Finally, we identified the personality profiles, specifically the telic dominance and sensation seeking and the perceived stress among circus artists. We have followed the evolution of their cortisol level while training and during a show. The results show that the horse riders and golfers have a high score on persistence and harm avoidance. Motor sports imply more risk-taking than lifestyle sports. The rally context allows its followers to decrease their level of negative affect, neuroticism and alexithymia, which contributes to the adoption of reckless behaviors. Circus artists are paratelic, sensation seekers, and perceive a low level of stress; their cortisol level is higher during the show than on a training day. Overall, we could identify the individual differences that would promote involvement in physical activities at risk, while noting the role of motivational, emotional, biological variables and personality factors in the understanding of such a commitment
Sanchez, Colina Gustavo Antonio. "Physique et ingénierie des catastrophes naturelles : techniques accélérométriques et optiques pour le suivi de pénétration d'intrus solides dans des sols liquifiés". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe subject of this thesis are the methods and experimental technics to help in the assessment of the underlying principles for the landslides, runaways and the other phenomena playing a main role in soil liquefaction and hence, on the falling or settling of buildings. This thesis conjugates geophysics’ to granular materials physics’ experiments, and it allowed to develop new measurement devices based on embedded microcontrollers
Duclos, Audrey. "Development of phenomenological and risk assessment models of explosion for the emerging hydrogen-energy industry". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2517.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince a few years, hydrogen appears as a credible energy-vector. However, hydrogen applications are still considered dangerous, as there is a fear of a dangerous event such as an explosion if a hydrogen leak occurs. Safety is therefore the key issue and should not be a lock for the introduction and development of hydrogen objects on the market. The first part deals with risk assessment, a risk analysis method was used to identify accidental scenarios while considering the safety barriers. The second part is a review of all the phenomena involved from the release of hydrogen to the combustion of a hydrogen-air mixture, in order to select the models allowing the calculation from the source term to the final effects. However, the existing models for the formation of an explosive atmosphere and flame propagation in a real containment are insufficient. Therefore, improvements of the models have been carried out by means of an experimental campaign in a 4 m3 vented enclosure. The third part is dedicated to the discussion, all results are integrated in a toolbox. This tool has been applied to the Greenergy Box, an application developed by AREVA Energy Storage. The conclusions are that, without taking turbulence into account, as soon as the concentration is higher than 20% of hydrogen in the enclosure, there is a risk of having a significant secondary explosion (explosion of the mixture expelled from the enclosure). If turbulence was taken into account, the acceptance of the risk would be questioned
Omorou, Abdou-Moutawakirou Yacoubou. "Activité physique et sédentarité de l'adolescent et de l'adulte : facteurs associés, impact sur la santé, efficacité d'une intervention". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0198/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: Relationships between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and health have been usually investigated independently. However, taking into account these two components simultaneously is an essential requirement to understand their health effects. Objectives: To investigate the relationships between PA, SB and health in French population (adolescents and adults). This aim can be divided in 3 different research headings: (1) identification of the correlates of PA and SB, (2) measurement of the health impact of PA and SB, (3) evaluation of the effectiveness of intervention aimed to improve PA and SB. Methods: We used data from different survey and studies carried out in French general or specific population. The PRALIMAP trial (PRomotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique) in adolescents, the SUVIMAX trial (SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux Anti-oXydants) in adults and the health Barometer Surveys (2005 and 2008) in general population. For the heading 1 we investigated the socio-demographic and economic correlates of PA and SB. For the heading 2 we analyzed the common and specific effects of PA and SB on health, especially health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and overweight prevalence. For the heading 3 we assessed the effectiveness of intervention on PA and SB change and its relationship with overweight reduction. Results: PA and SB were highly correlates to socio-economic characteristics in both adolescents and adults. In bidirectional analyses taking into account the domains of PA and SB, we yielded that PA and SB could be both causes and consequences of HRQoL. Intervention (PRALIMAP) was effective in improving PA and SB and this improvement partly mediated the weight reduction. Conclusion: The results of this work emphases the importance of PA and SB as health determinants whatever the life period (adolescents and adults) particularly in terms of weight reduction and HRQoL improvement
Kenny, Sandra. "Environnement organisationnel, stress et état de santé des cadres supérieurs de la fonction publique du Canada". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23952.
Pełny tekst źródłaLagroye, I. "ÉTUDE DES EFFETS BIOLOGIQUES DES CHAMPS ÉLECTROMAGNÉTIQUES NON INVASIFS". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977980.
Pełny tekst źródłaVoisard, Nicolas. "LeJugement du risque en activités gymniques à l'école primaire". Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2044.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn physical education at school, the majority of teachers nowadays tend towards the greatest caution when tackling motor and sports activities entailing physical risk. In gymnastic activities practised with children, observations in the field and discussions with the teachers involved show a strong trend towards the standardization of requirements and a real discomfort on the part of teachers with regard to ending a balance between safety and the risk-taking which belongs to any learning process. In many ways, implementing these practices now means taking a risk from the point of view of the teacher. On the basis of the risk homeostasis theory, (Wilde, 2002) and of semiotics, we have tried to understand the basis of the judgment and the interpretative reading of the risks involved in gymnastics workshops. We developed a standardized video test, made up of authentic teaching sequences showing pupils in gymnastics workshops, and a survey using a contextualised questionnaire to measure the subjective usefulness of risk-taking. These instruments were submitted to Swiss teachers at pre-school level and in primary school (n=116) as well as to a population of students (n=570) in four French-speaking countries (Belgium, Canada, France and Switzerland). The statistical analyses made on the questions concerning the advantages and the inconveniences of risk-taking in gymnastics show significant variations. The indications of acceptable educational risk vary significantly according to the country of origin and the level of skill in sports gymnastics of those responding. On the other hand, sex, age and pedagogical experience have relatively little influence on these values. The statements of the participants were treated according to the methods of speech analysis. The results permit us to confirm and to understand the phenomenon of the heterogeneousness of the evaluative process touching on risk and safety. We observe great differences concerning the focus of attention, attributed meanings, and also didactic propositions. The pupil often appears as the great absentee in the evaluation of the probability of risk. An authoritarian approach to the accompaniment of risk-taking and an inflation of the passive protective measures are the most often declared answers
Henneaux, Pierre. "A two-level Probabilistic Risk Assessment of cascading failures leading to blackout in transmission power systems". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209433.
Pełny tekst źródłaA blackout is a collapse of the electrical grid on a large area, leading to a power cutoff, and is due to a cascading failure. Such a cascade is composed of two phases: a slow cascade, starting with the occurrence of an initiating event and displaying characteristic times between successive events from minutes to hours, and a fast cascade, displaying characteristic times between successive events from milliseconds to tens of seconds. In cascading failures, there is a strong coupling between events: the loss of an element increases the stress on other elements and, hence, the probability to have another failure. It appears that probabilistic methods proposed previously do not consider correctly these dependencies between failures, mainly because the two very different phases are analyzed with the same model. Thus, there is a need to develop a conceptually satisfying probabilistic approach, able to take into account all kinds of dependencies, by using different models for the slow and the fast cascades. This is the aim of this PhD thesis.
This work first focuses on the level-I which is the analysis of the slow cascade progression up to the transition to the fast cascade. We propose to adapt dynamic reliability, an integrated approach of Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA) developed initially for the nuclear sector, to the case of transmission power systems. This methodology will account for the double interaction between power system dynamics and state transitions of the grid elements. This PhD thesis also introduces the development of the level-II to analyze the fast cascade, up to the transition towards an operational state with load shedding or a blackout. The proposed method is applied to two test systems. Results show that thermal effects can play an important role in cascading failures, during the first phase. They also show that the level-II analysis after the level-I is necessary to have an estimation of the loss of supplied power that a scenario can lead to: two types of level-I scenarios with a similar frequency can induce very different risks (in terms of loss of supplied power) and blackout frequencies. The level-III, i.e. the restoration process analysis, is however needed to have an estimation of the risk in terms of loss of supplied energy. This PhD thesis also presents several perspectives to improve the approach in order to scale up applications to real grids.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
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