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Skagen, Susan K., Jeffrey F. Kelly, Charles van Riper, Richard L. Hutto, Deborah M. Finch, David J. Krueper i Cynthia P. Melcher. "Geography of Spring Landbird Migration Through Riparian Habitats in Southwestern North America". Condor 107, nr 2 (1.05.2005): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.212.
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Abstract Migration stopover resources, particularly riparian habitats, are critically important to landbirds migrating across the arid southwestern region of North America. To explore the effects of species biogeography and habitat affinity on spring migration patterns, we synthesized existing bird abundance and capture data collected in riparian habitats of the borderlands region of the U.S. and Mexico. We determined the importance of geographic factors (longitude and latitude) in explaining variation in abundances and capture rates of 32 long-distance and three short-distance migrant species. Abundances and capture rates of 13 and 11 species, respectively, increased with increasing longitude, and four species' abundance and capture rates decreased with increasing longitude. Riparian associates, but not nonriparian species, were more abundant in western sites. Their abundance patterns were only weakly influenced by species biogeography. In contrast, biogeography did influence abundance patterns of nonriparian birds, suggesting that they choose the shortest, most direct route between wintering and breeding areas. We hypothesize that riparian obligate birds may, to some degree, adjust their migration routes to maximize time spent in high-quality riparian zones, but they are able to find suitable habitat opportunistically when crossing more hostile landscapes. In contrast, nonriparian birds adhere more closely to a hierarchical model in which the migratory route is determined by biogeographic constraints. Conservation of riparian habitats is necessary to meet future habitat stopover requirements of many western Neotropical migrant birds. We advocate a coordinated research effort to further elucidate patterns of distribution and habitat use so that conservation activities can be focused effectively. Geografía de la Migración de Primavera de Aves Terrestres a Través de Hábitats Riparios en el Sudoeste de Norteamérica Resumen. Los recursos que sirven como paradas migratorias, especialmente los hábitats riparios, son críticamente importantes para las aves migratorias terrestres a través de la región árida del sudoeste de Norteamérica. Para explorar los efectos de la biogeografía de las especies y la afinidad de hábitat sobre los patrones de migración de primavera, sintetizamos los datos existentes de abundancia y capturas de aves colectados en hábitats riparios en la zona fronteriza entre Estados Unidos y México. Determinamos la importancia de factores geográficos (latitud y longitud) en explicar la variación en las abundancias y en las tasas de captura de 32 especies migratorias de larga distancia y 3 de corta distancia. Las abundancias y tasas de captura de 13 y 11 especies, respectivamente, aumentaron con el aumento de la longitud, y cuatro especies mostraron una disminución con el aumento de la longitud. Las aves asociadas a los ambientes riparios fueron más abundantes en los sitios del oeste que las especies no riparias, y su abundancia sólo se vio levemente influenciada por la biogeografía de las especies. De modo contrastante, la biogeografía sí influenció los patrones de abundancia de las especies de aves no riparias, lo que sugiere que éstas escogieron la ruta más corta y directa entre las áreas de invernada y de reproducción. Proponemos la hipótesis de que las aves de hábitat ripario obligatorias pueden, hasta cierto grado, ajustar sus rutas migratorias para maximizar el tiempo en zonas riparias de alta calidad, pero también son capaces de encontrar hábitats adecuados de manera oportunista al cruzar paisajes más hostiles. De modo contrastante, las aves no riparias se adhieren más cercanamente a un modelo jerárquico en el cual la ruta migratoria es determinada por restricciones biogeográficas. La conservación de los hábitats riparios es necesaria para cumplir los requerimientos futuros de las paradas durante la migración de muchas aves migratorias Neotropicales del oeste. Abogamos por un esfuerzo de investigación coordinado para elucidar los patrones de distribución y de uso de hábitat de manera que las actividades para la conservación puedan ser enfocadas de manera eficiente.
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Zaimes, George N., i Valasia Iakovoglou. "Assessing Riparian Areas of Greece—An Overview". Sustainability 13, nr 1 (31.12.2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010309.
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Riparian areas, especially in the Mediterranean, offer many ecosystem services for the welfare of society benefits from their sustainable management. This study presents different tools used to assess riparian areas of Greece and their results. Riparian areas with different land-uses/vegetation covers along streams or torrents were assessed. The assessment tools were visual protocols, bioindicators, geographic information systems (GIS), vegetation indices, and a model. These tools differ in scale, accuracy, and difficulty of implementation. The riparian areas had Low and Moderate quality in Greece because of agricultural activities and hydrologic alterations. Vegetation appeared more important for the integrity of riparian areas than stream flow (perennial or intermittent). In addition, territorial variables (distance from dam and sea) were more influential compared to climatic variables. Visual protocols and GIS were effective for preliminary assessments. GIS can be applied at a greater scale but was less accurate than the protocols. Bioindicators can provide more cost-effective monitoring than physicochemical water variables. Finally, vegetation indices and models can be used for larger spatial and temporal scales, but require specialized personnel. Overall, riparian areas of Greece seem to be degraded, and monitoring would contribute to the development of a database on riparian areas that should form the basis for sustainable management plans in Greece.
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REEVES, GORDON H., PETER A. BISSON, BRUCE E. RIEMAN i LEE E. BENDA. "Postfire Logging in Riparian Areas". Conservation Biology 20, nr 4 (24.02.2006): 994–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00502.x.
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Villalobos, C., i Barry Keller. "Small Mammal Distributions in Riparian and Adjacent Habitats of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 16 (1.01.1992): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1992.3099.
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Riparian ecosystems are among the most productive biological systems providing food, water, shade, and cover for wildlife (Thomas et al. 1979a). Furthermore, they may display a greater diversity of plant and animal species and vegetative structure than adjacent ecosystems (USDI 1986). Thomas et al. (1979a) provide a descriptive definition which characterizes riparian ecosystems by the presence of trees, shrubs, or herbaceous vegetation that require free or unbound water, or conditions that are more moist than those of the surrounding areas. They suggest that more wildlife species depend entirely on or spend disproportionally more time in riparian habitat than any other. Although the importance of riparian vegetation to wildlife has been apparent since the 1970's, its overall importance to vertebrate species has not been widely studied, especially in the western United States (Patton 1977). Elsewhere, there is a paucity of information on the ecological role of small mammals in riparian areas. Because small vertebrate species may serve as an especially important link in the food chain of threatened, endangered, or reintroduced species, and because small mammal species seem to be compacted in environmentally diverse areas, analysis of riparian vertebrate communities should provide important insights in mechanisms of habitat subdivision and utilization. Clearly, riparian areas contain a greater variety of species than adjoining forest or upslope habitats (Cross 1985). The effect of patch shape on the number of species occupying riparian habitats also has received limited attention (Patton 1975). Because riparian habitat consists of a narrow patch, the elongated shape of riparian areas produces a low interior-toÂhigh-edge ratio which may facilitate or enhance ecological processes, especially the production and dispersal of small mammals. Unfortunately, no documentation exists about patterns of mammalian movement along stream corridors (Forman and Godron 1986). Thus, the importance of the relative use of the edge, riparian, and upland areas by small mammals needs to be investigated, especially in forested mountain land, where riparian areas tend to have smaller areal extent and economic value than upslope vegetation (Swanson et al. 1982). The principle objective of our study was to determine if consistent environmental and landscape features could be found in western riparian, edge, and upland communities, and if these features affected residency of small mammals in Grand Teton National Park. Three independent study sites were studied from June, 1991 through October, 1991 in preparation for a proposed long-term analysis of the role of riparian areas in production of small mammals.
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Warren, Robert J., Daniel L. Potts i Kelly M. Frothingham. "Stream Structural Limitations on Invasive Communities in Urban Riparian Areas". Invasive Plant Science and Management 8, nr 3 (wrzesień 2015): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00081.1.
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AbstractUrban riparian plant communities exist at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic habitats, and they are rich sources of species biodiversity and ecosystem services. The periodic floods that promote species diversity in riparian plant communities also increase their vulnerability to nonnative plant invasions. Plant invasions are constrained by seed and suitable habitat availability. However, how seed dispersal and establishment limitations interact to shape nonnative plant invasions in riparian communities is poorly understood. We use Stream Visual Assessment Protocol data to evaluate the hydrological and geomorphological parameters that influence the seeding and establishment of six common nonnative species in urban riparian habitats: garlic mustard, purple loosestrife, reed canarygrass, common reed, Japanese knotweed, and multiflora rose. To address this objective, we analyzed stream reach data collected during a basin-wide environmental assessment of the extensively urbanized upper Niagara River watershed. We found limited support for our prediction that propagule limitation constrains the distribution of nonnative riparian species, likely because these species are well established in the study area. Instead, we found that opportune stream reach characteristics better predict the distribution of the common invasive riparian species—most notably open tree canopy. Given that there is widespread investment in urban riparian forest restoration to improve water quality, increase stream-bank stability, enhance wildlife habitat and promote recreation, our data suggest that riparian forests may provide the additional benefit of reducing the abundance of some, but not all, invasive plants.
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Luke, Stacey H., Nancy J. Luckai, Janice M. Burke i Ellie E. Prepas. "Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest and linkages with water quality in streams". Environmental Reviews 15, NA (grudzień 2007): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a07-001.
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Riparian areas in the Canadian boreal forest represent the transition zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We review factors that influence riparian vegetation communities and the associated interactions with boreal streams. Regional and local drivers (e.g., climate, edaphic factors, and natural disturbances) that affect upland boreal vegetation also operate in riparian areas. However, the proximity of riparian areas to the stream channel not only modifies some of these drivers, but it means that the stream itself becomes a driver of riparian vegetation dynamics. For example, hydrological disturbances like flooding and ice scour affect soil texture and alter successional pathways, sometimes completely denuding streambanks of vegetation. Even in riparian areas unaffected by such catastrophic disturbances, saturated soil conditions can influence riparian forest composition and nutrient cycling. Saturated soils support lower mineralization rates, therefore organic layers store relatively more carbon and nitrogen than adjoining upland soils, and primary productivity is generally lower. Saturated soils also have implications for the ability of the riparian area to “buffer” streams from inputs of water and nutrients. For example, reducing conditions in riparian soils could be the sites for nitrate removal from groundwater by denitrification. Spatial variation in weather, soils, vegetation cover, slope, accumulation of organic matter, geographic location, and relief undoubtedly add to the complexity of understanding the role of riparian systems in Canada’s vast boreal forest. However, the opportunity to identify patterns relating to riparian areas will assist in our understanding and management of these multifaceted systems.
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Holmes, Kathryn L., i P. Charles Goebel. "A Functional Approach to Riparian Area Delineation Using Geospatial Methods". Journal of Forestry 109, nr 4 (1.06.2011): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/109.4.233.
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Abstract Riparian areas are diverse ecotones that provide numerous, valuable ecosystem functions. However, many riparian delineation methods use a fixed minimum width to create a riparian buffer or setback that may not adequately protect actual riparian function. A method for riparian area delineation across landscapes is presented that incorporates riparian function and moves beyond the fixed-width buffer approach. Using geospatial data and tools, riparian areas were delineated functionally for the Cuyahoga Valley National Park in northeastern Ohio and compared to fixed-width buffers in terms of extent and protection of riparian function. We suggest that functional riparian area delineation be incorporated into watershed management planning to improve protection and restoration of the valuable ecological functions provided by riparian areas across landscapes.
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Halofsky, Jessica E., i David E. Hibbs. "Determinants of riparian fire severity in two Oregon fires, USA". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, nr 7 (lipiec 2008): 1959–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-048.
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We sought to understand how vegetation indicators and local topographic factors interact to influence riparian fire severity in two recent fires in Oregon, USA. A stratified random sampling design was used to select points in a range of fire severity classes, forest stand ages, and stream sizes in each fire. At each point, plots were sampled in riparian areas and adjacent uplands. Fire severity was assessed in each plot, and measurements were made of factors that have been found to influence riparian fire severity. Understory fire severity (percent exposed mineral soil and bole char height) was significantly lower in riparian areas compared with adjacent uplands in both fires, suggesting a decoupling in understory fire effects in riparian areas versus uplands. However, overstory fire severity (percent crown scorch and percent basal area mortality) was similar in riparian areas and adjacent uplands in both fires. Fire severity in riparian areas was most strongly associated with upland fire severity. In addition, vegetation indicators, particularly those describing riparian fine fuel component and species composition, were strong predictors of riparian fire severity. Consistency in factors controlling fire severity in the two fires suggests that controls on riparian fire severity may be similar in other regions.
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Davison, J. C., i J. D. Neufeld. "Can Shade Structures Help Riparian Areas?" Rangelands 27, nr 2 (kwiecień 2005): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-501x(2005)27.2[24:csshra]2.0.co;2.
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Izzati, Urfi, i Hayati Sari Hasibuan. "Community Perceptions on Urban Forests Development in Riparian Areas of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City". Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 17, nr 1 (18.05.2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.v17i1.4773.
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The continuous decrease in green open spaces due to urban development leads to harmful environmental problems for communities. Land scarcity is one of the significant reasons for the difficulty in urban forest development in riparian areas. The development of riparian urban forests serves a dual purpose, namely preserving the natural riparian function for vegetation and increasing the green open space area size. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the riverside community's understanding and views on urban forests and their perceptions of riparian urban forest development. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Approximately 63.64% and 96.97% of the respondents understood and viewed the urban forests well. Furthermore, 90.91% of the respondents agreed with the riparian urban forest development. Generally, 66.67% agreed to create greener, tidier, cleaner, and more beautiful riparian areas to attract tourists. The positive perception of the community regarding the urban forest development in riparian areas became a rational basis to sustain its function and increase the size of urban forests and green open space areas.
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Pessoa, Luiz Guilherme Medeiros, Márcio Fléquisson Alves Miranda, Altanys Silva Calheiros, Fernando José Freire, Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire, Mozart Duarte Barbosa i Luiz Carlos Marangon. "Soil and litter properties from a riparian to non-riparian zone in a tropical dry forest". Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress 8, nr 4 (1.12.2023): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24221/jeap.8.4.2023.5818.285-298.
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Riparian zones of dry tropical forests are important due to their effect on nutrient cycling and carbon dynamics. It’s important to evaluate the changes that occur when these areas are altered, in order to ascertain the magnitude of nutrient gains or losses. This work evaluates chemical changes in soil and litter transitioning from a riparian to a non-riparian zone. Plots were established for soil and litter sampling in riparian and non-riparian zones. For chemical analysis, litter and soil surface sampling were performed at depths of 0.0 to 0.10 m and 0.10 to 0.20 m. The descriptive and principal component analysis assessed chemical attribute sets' soil and litter characteristics. We observed higher P, K, and Ca content at both depths in soils of the non-riparian zone. The total soil organic carbon content in the non-riparian zones was 1.28 and 1.51 times greater at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths, respectively than in the riparian zones. This study revealed that despite the chemical and organic inputs in the non-riparian zones, no significant differences were observed regarding the chemical properties of the soils of riparian areas as opposed to the soils of non-riparian areas since the litter of the riparian zones was richer in nutrients. Additionally, this study suggests that the humic acid and humin fractions are responsible for maintaining fertility in riparian areas due to strong correlations with soil nutrients.
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Park, Se-Rin, Suyeon Kim i Sang-Woo Lee. "Evaluating the Relationships between Riparian Land Cover Characteristics and Biological Integrity of Streams Using Random Forest Algorithms". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 6 (19.03.2021): 3182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063182.
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The relationships between land cover characteristics in riparian areas and the biological integrity of rivers and streams are critical in riparian area management decision-making. This study aims to evaluate such relationships using the Trophic Diatom Index (TDI), Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index (BMI), Fish Assessment Index (FAI), and random forest regression, which can capture nonlinear and complex relationships with limited training datasets. Our results indicate that the proportions of land cover types in riparian areas, including urban, agricultural, and forested areas, have greater impacts on the biological communities in streams than those offered by land cover spatial patterns. The proportion of forests in riparian areas has the greatest influence on the biological integrity of streams. Partial dependence plots indicate that the biological integrity of streams gradually improves until the proportion of riparian forest areas reach about 60%; it rapidly decreases until riparian urban areas reach 25%, and declines significantly when the riparian agricultural area ranges from 20% to 40%. Overall, this study highlights the importance of riparian forests in the planning, restoration, and management of streams, and suggests that partial dependence plots may serve to provide insightful quantitative criteria for defining specific objectives that managers and decision-makers can use to improve stream conditions.
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Fitch, L., i B. W. Adams. "Can cows and fish co-exist?" Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, nr 2 (1.04.1998): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-141.
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Our paper provides an ecological perspective on the interrelationship between livestock grazing and riparian areas through a review of topical literature. We also describe the Alberta Riparian Habitat Management Project (also known as "Cows and Fish"), and draw upon our experience to provide a perspective on future riparian management actions. Those actions should begin with an understanding that prairie landscapes evolved with herbivores, in a grazing regime timed and controlled by season and climatic fluctuations where grazing by native grazers was followed by variable rest periods. Prevailing range management principles represent an attempt to imitate the natural system and describe ecologically based grazing systems. Traditionally, range management guidelines have focused on grazing practices and impacts in upland, terrestrial rangelands, with a lack of attention devoted to riparian areas.Three decades of riparian investigation have quantified the effect unmanaged livestock grazing can have on range productivity and watershed function. We contend that suitable grazing strategies for riparian areas will be developed first by understanding the function of riparian systems and then by applying range management principles to develop riparian grazing strategies. A key step towards determining the fit of livestock grazing is an understanding of the formation of riparian systems and their ecological function. We describe riparian structure, function and process to provide linkages between livestock grazing, riparian vegetation health and stream channel dynamics. We summarize the effects of unmanaged livestock grazing on riparian habitats and fish and wildlife populations. The general conclusion is that unmanaged grazing results in overuse and degradation of riparian areas. The literature provides several options for the development of riparian grazing strategies. We provide an overview of strategies suitable for riparian areas in Southern Alberta which should maintain ecological function and sustained use. Key words: Riparian, grazing management, grazing systems, riparian grazing
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NUNES, SÂMIA S., JOS BARLOW, TOBY A. GARDNER, JOÃO V. SIQUEIRA, MÁRCIO R. SALES i CARLOS M. SOUZA. "A 22 year assessment of deforestation and restoration in riparian forests in the eastern Brazilian Amazon". Environmental Conservation 42, nr 3 (4.11.2014): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892914000356.
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SUMMARYBrazilian environmental law imposes more restrictions on land-use change by private landowners in riparian forests than in non-riparian forest areas, reflecting recognition of their importance for the conservation of biodiversity and key ecosystem services. A 22-year time series of classified Landsat images was used to evaluate deforestation and forest regeneration in riparian permanent preservation areas over the past two decades, focusing on the municipality of Paragominas in the state of Pará in eastern Amazonia. There was no evidence that riparian forests had been more effectively protected than non-riparian forests. Instead, deforestation was found to be comparatively higher inside riparian permanent preservation areas as recently as 2010, indicating a widespread failure of private property owners to comply with environmental legislation. There was no evidence for higher levels of regeneration in riparian zones, although property owners are obliged by law to restore such areas. A number of factors limit improvements in the protection and restoration of riparian forests. These include limited awareness of environmental compliance requirements, the need for improved technical capacity in mapping the distribution and extent of riparian forests and the boundaries of private properties, and improved access to the financial resources and technical capacity needed to support restoration projects.
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Zaimes, George N., Valasia Iakovoglou, Dimitrios Syropoulos, Dimitrios Kaltsas i Dimitrios Avtzis. "Assessment of Two Adjacent Mountainous Riparian Areas along Nestos River Tributaries of Greece". Forests 12, nr 9 (18.09.2021): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091284.
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The riparian areas of the Mediterranean are unique but face many pressures from anthropogenic and climate change impacts. They have very rich and diverse plant communities as a result of the dynamic fluvio-geomorphologic conditions of the Mediterranean streams. In this study, the riparian areas of two adjacent mountainous tributaries (Arkoudorema and Vathirema) of the Nestos River were studied. To assess the condition of riparian areas holistically, diverse measurements are required. This is why fluvio-geomorphologic (in the field and with GIS), vegetation (surveys and visual protocols) and ground-dwelling insect (pitfall traps and indices) measurements were taken along an elevational gradient. The results of all three methodologies draw to similar conclusions, with Vathirema sub-watershed riparian areas being in better condition than Arkoudoreama. This was expected, since Vathirema has less anthropogenic pressures. In addition, the riparian areas in higher elevations were in better condition for the same reason. To implement integrated water resources management plans, fluvio-geomorphologic and biological (e.g., vegetation and insects) datasets are required to provide a holistic view on the watershed and riparian area conditions. For the studied sub-watersheds, we recommend these measurements to continue, to record the current anthropogenic pressures and based on this information to suggest best management practices that will secure long-term sustainability.
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Ratih, Yudhitia, Jockie Zudhy Fibrianto i Arsanti Budiarti. "Design Model of Riparian Area of Panjang Island in the Kapuas River". Vokasi: Jurnal Publikasi Ilmiah 18, nr 2 (31.12.2023): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31573/jv.v18i2.687.
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Development of riparian areas based on urban ecology, where there is an ecosystem that is dominated by humans, but still maintains the existing natural system, especially in river riparian green areas. Panjang Island, which is at the mouth of the Kapuas River, is an island that divides the Kapuas River into the Big Kapuas River and the Small Kapuas River. This island has varieties of vegetation in riparian areas that have different and varied characters. So, the varied vegetation patterns in the riparian areas make the water quality different in each zone (Ratih, 2022). The Panjang Island riparian area is an area that is threatened by human activities around it, and with the plan to build the Kapuas III Toll Bridge which will pass through this island, of course there will be a shift in land use functions around the Panjang Island riparian area and also the Kapuas River. This research is a continuation of previous research, where digital identification and mapping was carried out on Panjang Island, namely by developing a concept and making a design model for the Panjang Island riparian area, which still maintains the conservation of the riparian area.
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Lundy, Mathieu, i Ian Montgomery. "Summer habitat associations of bats between riparian landscapes and within riparian areas". European Journal of Wildlife Research 56, nr 3 (14.10.2009): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-009-0330-z.
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Grindal, S. D., J. L. Morissette i R. M. Brigham. "Concentration of bat activity in riparian habitats over an elevational gradient". Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, nr 6 (10.10.1999): 972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-062.
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Riparian areas are generally assumed to represent important foraging areas for insectivorous bats, but this contention has rarely been formally quantified. To test this assumption, we used bat detectors to compare the relative activity levels of a community of temperate-zone bat species between riparian (lake) and upland (cutblock) habitats at three different elevations (ranging from 540 to 1800 m) in a forested area of southern British Columbia. In addition, we also investigated the sex and age class distributions of bats (based on mist-net captures) between riparian and upland habitats among the elevational zones. Bat activity levels were significantly greater in riparian than upland areas (10 and 40 times greater for foraging and commuting activity, respectively). Capture rates were greater in riparian areas and biased towards females, suggesting that female bats may preferentially select riparian areas, probably because of the abundant prey resources typically associated with this habitat. Captures of females also predominated at lower elevations, whereas males were captured more often in higher elevation zones. Our data support the assumption that riparian habitats represent important foraging and probably drinking areas for bats. The sex bias and differences in capture rates and activity levels need to be considered when designing bat surveys in different habitat types or over elevational gradients.
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Beltrão, Gabriel de Barros Moreira, Elvio Sergio Figueredo Medeiros i Robson Tamar da Costa Ramos. "Effects of riparian vegetation on the structure of the marginal aquatic habitat and the associated fish assemblage in a tropical Brazilian reservoir". Biota Neotropica 9, nr 4 (grudzień 2009): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000400003.
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Riparian zones represent areas of strong biological, physical and chemical interaction between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These areas are usually typified by high diversity of fauna, flora and environmental processes. The present study evaluates the littoral habitat structure and its fish fauna related to associations between presence and absence of natural riparian vegetal cover, in a reservoir in northeastern Brazil. Sampling was performed on marginal areas where riparian vegetation was present and where it had been removed for the plantation of sugar cane. For each type of marginal area three replicate sites were sampled during the wet season. Data on the habitat structure (submerged elements and substrate composition), fish and water quality were collected. The data was analyzed using Shannon-Wiener's diversity index and Pielou's equitability. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling and the Multi-Response Permutation Procedure were used to evaluate similarities between sites. The structure of the habitat was more diverse in sites were natural riparian vegetation was still present. Muddy substrate was more abundant in areas with riparian vegetation whereas sandy substrate was more abundant in areas where riparian vegetation had been removed. Measured physico-chemical parameters and nutrients remained nearly constant across all sites. Metynnis lippincottianus and Crenicichla menezesi were more associated with the habitat in areas where riparian vegetation was removed, whereas Cichlasoma orientale and Cichla ocellaris were strongly correlated to forested areas.
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Lawson, Tina, Miriam Goosem i David Gillieson. "Rapid assessment of habitat quality in riparian rainforest vegetation". Pacific Conservation Biology 14, nr 1 (2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080020.
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GIS and aerial photographic techniques were applied to assessing riparian vegetation quality in an agricultural landscape formerly covered in lowland rainforest. Canopy cover and width of woody riparian vegetation, both easily determined from remotely sensed data, were investigated as indicators of riparian quality. High correlations between field measurements of canopy cover and width of woody riparian vegetation with several other vegetation attributes indicative of vegetation quality (weed abundance, debris, human disturbance, native species richness) demonstrated that these two habitat attributes were suitable field vegetation quality surrogates. Desktop quality analysis combined GIS measurement of riparian width with aerial photographic analysis of canopy cover. Desktop quality equalled field quality in 78% of cases, with a further 13% showing errors due to clearing or thickening of vegetation after aerial photographs were taken. Bird communities in higher vegetation quality areas comprised mainly rainforest-dependent species, whereas poor quality areas mostly supported birds of open habitats. Bird community diversity and rainforest-dependent bird diversity increased significantly both with increasing levels of canopy cover and greater riparian width, but a combination of these factors explained more variance than each factor separately. Desktop riparian vegetation quality therefore proved a satisfactory indicator of habitat quality for birds in rainforest riparian zones. This quick and efficient desktop method of riparian habitat quality assessment can determine conservation values of rainforest riparian areas with minimal field validation, thereby allowing more effective targeting of appropriate management practices, identification of areas of conservation concern and prioritisation of revegetation and rehabilitation efforts.
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McClain, Michael E., i Rosa E. Cossío. "The use of riparian environments in the rural Peruvian Amazon". Environmental Conservation 30, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000237.
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River margins are valued for agriculture in the western Amazon because of their fertile soils and level surfaces. Riparian forests along river margins also provide valuable ecosystem services by protecting water quality and providing resources to aquatic organisms. Because inhabitants of the region rely on these aquatic resources, riparian deforestation may have unintended negative feedbacks on the health and well-being of rural communities. A survey of 79 households of mixed cultural background investigated how riparian environments were used, what mechanisms were in place for their conservation, and how local people valued them. Corn, beans and peanuts were cultivated preferentially in riparian areas, complementing the manioc and plantains grown on upland soils. People valued riparian areas for their ecosystem services and generally left a protective buffer of forest along rivers. Both the agricultural and ecological values of riparian areas may be preserved through proper management.
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Mosley, Erin, Stephen B. Holmes i Erica Nol. "Songbird diversity and movement in upland and riparian habitats in the boreal mixedwood forest of northeastern Ontario". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, nr 5 (1.05.2006): 1149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-010.
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Little is known about the importance of riparian areas in supporting avifaunal diversity in the boreal mixedwood forest, especially outside of the breeding season. Bird populations were sampled by mist netting 18 upland and 18 riparian sites along six streams in a forested region of northeastern Ontario. Riparian sites generally had more variable vegetation than upland sites. Some riparian sites formed distinctive habitats, while others were structurally and compositionally similar to upland sites. During spring and fall migration, there was no significant difference in bird abundance or species richness between riparian and upland habitats. During the breeding period, riparian areas had greater avian species richness and abundance and more insects than upland forests, suggesting that birds were selecting these habitats because they contain more food. More birds were captured in nets placed perpendicular to the stream than parallel during the breeding and fall migration periods, suggesting that riparian areas may function as movement corridors. A greater understanding of the importance of riparian habitats to songbird communities is needed if we are to maximize the effectiveness of these regions for conserving avian biodiversity in the boreal mixedwood forest.
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Cooper, J. R., J. W. Gilliam, R. B. Daniels i W. P. Robarge. "Riparian Areas as Filters for Agricultural Sediment1". Soil Science Society of America Journal 51, nr 2 (1987): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100020029x.
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Glenn, Edward P. "Riparian Areas, Functions and Strategies for Management". Environmental Science & Policy 6, nr 6 (grudzień 2003): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2003.08.003.
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Zube, Ervin H., i Michele R. Sheehan. "Desert riparian areas: Landscape perceptions and attitudes". Environmental Management 18, nr 3 (maj 1994): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02393870.
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Goslee, Sarah C. "Riparian Areas of the Southwestern United States". Landscape Ecology 20, nr 8 (grudzień 2005): 1029–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-0262-2.
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Lee, Kwan Tun, i Pin-Chun Huang. "Flood mitigation through riparian detention in response to climate variability - a case study in Taiwan". E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 06027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184006027.
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Considering that urban areas may suffer more substantial losses than riparian farmlands during floods, diverting floodwater into riparian areas for temporal detention is expected to mitigate flood damage in downstream urban areas. In this study, an assessment has been conducted to evaluate the effect of flood mitigation through riparian detention in response to climate variability in the Tou-Chien Basin of Taiwan. A couple 1D-2D model was used to simulate the flood wave transporting in the main stream and the overbank flow inundating into the urban areas. Based on the numerical simulation results, flooding extent and inundated water depth corresponding to different return periods with current flood prevention infrastructures were detailed investigated. Various riparian detention strategies were proposed to alleviate severe losses in the downstream urban areas of the Tou-Chien Basin.
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Gkiatas, G., I. Kasapidis, P. Koutalakis, V. Iakovoglou, A. Savvopoulou, I. Germantzidis i G. N. Zaimes. "Enhancing urban and sub-urban riparian areas through ecosystem services and ecotourism activities". Water Supply 21, nr 6 (16.04.2021): 2974–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.114.
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Abstract Riparian ecosystems in urban environments are usually degraded. Their sustainable management can reduce water pollution, mitigate climate change while providing recreation opportunities. This study assessed the current condition of the streams/torrents and their riparian areas in the city of Drama in Greece. In addition, practices to improve their functionality and enhance community awareness were recommended. A spatial database of the wider urban setting including suburbs and rural areas (weather, land cover, soils, roads, protected areas, riparian areas, etc.) was developed within GIS. The datasets were then inputted in a hydrologic model to simulate the water balance and stream discharge in the main urban streams and torrents. Field measurements of stream water discharge, and vegetation and stream channel conditions were undertaken using two visual protocols. The results of the protocols indicate that most streams/torrents and their riparian areas are of low ecological quality. Nature-based solutions were recommended to improve their ecological quality. In addition, the implementation of Eco-Routes was recommended to enhance the awareness of their importance and to promote their sustainable management. Overall, the urban streams/torrents and riparian ecosystems of Drama are degraded and innovative management practices should be implemented to conserve them and feature their ecosystem services.
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Surenkhorloo, Purevdorj, Chimeddorj Buyanaa, Sanjmyatav Dolgorjav, Chimed-Ochir Bazarsad, Batjargal Zamba, Sainbuyan Bayarsaikhan i Michael Heiner. "Identifying Riparian Areas of Free Flowing Rivers for Legal Protection: Model Region Mongolia". Sustainability 13, nr 2 (8.01.2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020551.
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Mongolia has globally significant biodiversity and pastoral traditions, and scarce water resources on which wildlife and people depend. Rapid growth of the mining sector is a threat to water resources and specifically river riparian zones. Mongolia has passed progressive laws for water and habitat conservation, including establishment of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and river basin governance organizations, and laws protecting the river riparian zone, but implementation has been hindered by limited technical capacity and data-scarcity, specifically because consistent, accurate maps of the riparian zone did not exist. To address this gap, WWF-Mongolia and partners developed a national delineation of riparian areas based on a spatial model, then validated this with local river basin authorities and provincial governments to designate legal protection zones. As a result, 8.2 million hectares of water protection zones including riparian areas have been legally protected from mining and industrial development in the globally significant landscapes and riverscapes of the Amur, Yenisey, and Ob Rivers headwaters, the Altai Sayan ecoregion, and the Gobi-Steppe ecosystem. These findings demonstrate a pathway for implementing broad-scale, durable legal protection of riverine wetlands through a data-driven, participatory process.
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Surenkhorloo, Purevdorj, Chimeddorj Buyanaa, Sanjmyatav Dolgorjav, Chimed-Ochir Bazarsad, Batjargal Zamba, Sainbuyan Bayarsaikhan i Michael Heiner. "Identifying Riparian Areas of Free Flowing Rivers for Legal Protection: Model Region Mongolia". Sustainability 13, nr 2 (8.01.2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020551.
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Mongolia has globally significant biodiversity and pastoral traditions, and scarce water resources on which wildlife and people depend. Rapid growth of the mining sector is a threat to water resources and specifically river riparian zones. Mongolia has passed progressive laws for water and habitat conservation, including establishment of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and river basin governance organizations, and laws protecting the river riparian zone, but implementation is hindered by limited technical capacity and data-scarcity, specifically because consistent, accurate maps of the riparian zone did not exist. To address the gap, WWF-Mongolia and partners developed a national delineation of riparian areas based on a spatial model, then validated this with local River Basin Authorities and provincial governments to designate legal protection zones. As a result, 8.2 million hectares of water protection zones including riparian areas have been legally protected from mining and industrial development in the globally significant landscapes and riverscapes of the Amur, Yenisey, and Ob Rivers headwaters, the Altai Sayan ecoregion, and the Gobi-Steppe ecosystem. These findings demonstrate a pathway for implementing broad-scale, durable legal protection of riverine wetlands through a data-driven, participatory process.
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Clausen, J. C., K. G. Wayland, K. A. Saldi i K. Guillard. "Movement of Nitrogen through an Agricultural Riparian Zone: 1. Field Studies". Water Science and Technology 28, nr 3-5 (1.08.1993): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0465.
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Forested riparian areas are believed to be important for reducing nonpoint source pollutants. These areas along streams, lakes, and wetlands have been reported to trap sediment and nutrients and enhance denitrification. Past research on the effectiveness of riparian areas has been based on existing forests rather than restored areas. An experiment using the paired-watershed design was established in northeastern Connecticut during 1992 to determine the water quality effects of reforestation on a riparian zone currently cropped in maize. Water quality fluxes in precipitation, overland flow, soil solution, groundwater, and streamflow were determined. Results indicate that this 35 m wide riparian zone had little attenuating influence on N concentrations in groundwater based on NO3−N concentrations and NO3−N:C1 ratios. The primary N flux to the stream was in the groundwater. Denitrification did not appear to be a major process operating in this system. Reforestation of this riparian buffer should result in improved surface and groundwater quality.
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Omar, Siti Rahmah, Johan Sohaili i Nur Fadilah Darmansah. "The cooling effect potential of urban river reserve in Johor, Malaysia". MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825006002.
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The Malaysian riparian buffer strip is also called the river reserve. As the state authority has the right to reserve state land for public purposes, there is high prospect to preserve green space in urban areas. Urban riparian, however, has been used only for bank stabilization, biodiversity, and water quality purposes. Prior studies verified that vegetated riparian minimises outdoor thermal condition, in comparison to impervious surface areas. Strategic distribution of green space and cooling sources in city planning are vital for maximum efficiency of green strategies. Hence, this paper determined the cooling effect potential of urban riparian structure on local thermal environment by investigating three river reserve areas. Thermal measurements were recorded at six locations perpendicular to the riverbank at 20m intervals, along with a census of vegetation formation. Although the riparian zoning was located along the same river, different widths and various vegetation formations affected thermal distribution. The ΔTioutcomes indicated that despite the small and restricted green space allocated in urban areas, the cooling effect was still present. Hence, green strategies must be carefully crafted to maximize use of space. The effects of urban riparian structure generate the multi-functions of urban river reserve, especially its cooling effect.
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Bando, Arman Hi, Ratna Siahaan i Marnix D. Langoy. "KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI RIPARIAN DI SUNGAI TEWALEN, MINAHASA SELATAN-SULAWESI UTARA". JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 16, nr 1 (6.05.2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.16.1.2016.12197.
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KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI RIPARIAN DI SUNGAI TEWALEN, MINAHASA SELATAN - SULAWESI UTARAABSTRAK Vegatasi riparian merupakan sumberdaya alam yang mudah terganggu akibat aktivitas manusia misalnya konversi riaria menjadi lahan permukiman, pertanian dan industri. Vegetasi riparian dapat berfungsi mempertahankan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman vegetasi riparian di Sungai Tewalen, Minahasa Selatan - Sulawesi Utara. Metode purposive digunakan untuk menentukan lokasi dan pengelompokan berdasarkan kriteria pertumbuhan untuk memperoleh data kekayaan jenis dan kelimpahan. Sebanyak 3 stasiun penelitian ditentukan yaitu hulu, tengah dan hilir. Tiga ulangan dilakukan di tiap stasiun. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan Indeks keanekaragaman jenis Shannon - Wienner (H’), Indeks Kemerataan dan Indeks Kesamaan Jenis Sorensen. Kekayaan jenis egetasi riparian sebanyak lima puluh enam (56) jenis yeng termasuk dalam tiga puluh (30) suku. Tiga (3) suku terbesar yaitu Poaceae (22%), Cyatheaceae (13%) dan Araceae (11%). Keanekaragaman vegetasi riparian pada tingkat rumput hingga pohon di lokasi penelitian termasuk sedang (H’ 1≤ H ≤ 3). Vegetasi riparian di Sungai Tewalen secara umum memiliki tingkat kemerataan yang tinggi yaitu mendekati 1 yang menunjukkan jumlah individu masing-masing jenis sama atau tidak jauh berbeda. Kesamaan jenis antar stasiun penelitian rendah yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaaan komunitas vegetasi riparian antar stasiun. Kata kunci: Vegetasi riparian, Sungai Tewalen, Minahasa Selatan, Sulawesi Utara RIPARIAN VEGETATION DIVERSITY OF TEWALEN RIVER,SOUTH MINAHASA REGENCY- NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACT Riparian vegetation is natural resource easily disturbed by human activities such as conversion of riparia to be settlement, agriculture and industry areas. Riparian vegetation serves to maintain water quality. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of riparian vegetation of Tewalen River, South Minahasa - North Sulawesi. Purposive sampling method was used to determine the locations and grouping based on growth criteria to obtain data on species richness and abundance. Three (3) research locations were determined that were up, mid and downstream parts. Three replications were applied at each location. Data were analyzed descriptively based on species diversity index Shannon - Wienner (H '), Evenness Index and Sorensen Similarity Index. Species richness of riparian vegetation were fifty-six (56) species were grouped into thirty (30) families. The biggest families were Poaceae (22%), Cyatheaceae (13%) and Araceae (11%). Riparian vegetation diversity from grass to trees were moderate (H '1≤ H ≤ 3). Generally, riparian vegetation of Tewalen River had high evenness (close to 1) that showed the number of individuals of each species were same or not different. The low index of species similarity between stations showed the differences riparian vegetation communities between stations. Keywords: Riparian vegetation, Tewalen River, South Minahasa, North Sulawesi.
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Anđelković, Ana, i Snežana Radulović. "The role of riparian areas in alien plant invasions". Acta herbologica 31, nr 2 (2022): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/actaherb2202093a.
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Biological invasions represent one of the defining features of the Anthropocene, causing major problems and incurring significant economic losses worldwide, which are only projected to increase in the future. Riparian zones, as critical transition zones, despite providing numerous ecosystem services, are exposed to a multitude of human pressures, making them highly vulnerable to plant invasions. In fact, in Europe, riparian areas are considered to be among the most vulnerable habitat types. As foci of invasive plant species richness, they play an important role in the process of their spread into nearby terrestrial ecosystems. Various disturbance events, both natural (i.e. floods) and artificial (e.g. hydro-morphological alterations), in addition to a strong propagule pressure these areas are subjected to, increase the invasibility of these vulnerable zones. Given their ecological importance and susceptibility to plant invasions, the preservation and restoration of riparian zones is especially important in light of climate change. In order to preserve and restore the ecosystem services and biodiversity of riparian areas, invasive alien plants have to be managed. The success of restoration measures and control activities can be affected by many variables, such as the invasive plants' residence time and their legacy effects. Furthermore, different environmental factors and drivers of invasion must also be considered, as they could potentially impair the restoration measures. Finally, a successful restoration effort depends on the inclusion of all the relevant stakeholders and their understanding of the importance of preventing and managing plant invasions.
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Ikhsan, Jazaul, i Krisna Bagus Anjasmara. "KAJIAN INFRASTRUKTUR DAN SEMPADAN SUNGAI PADA WILAYAH RAWAN BANJIR LAHAR DI SUNGAI PROGO HILIR". Jurnal Teknik Sipil 15, nr 2 (1.10.2020): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jts.v15i2.3715.
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Progo River is one of the rivers that originated in Merapi Mountain. It is one of the active volcanoes, and if it erupted, so it resulted in an abundant material or sediment. The material from its eruption transported by water discharge will become a debris flow, that it gave damage and losses on infrastructure and inhabitants living around riparian areas. Based on the background, therefore, it is essential to do a research-related infrastructure and population in a riparian zone. The research objective is to study the accordance of the condition of the riparian zone of downstream Progo River based on the established rules. The method used was a field survey assissted by the application of Survey123 for ArcGIS. The data processing used ArcGIS software. The research result shows that some locations are not by the established rules on riparian areas. One of the most significant places having the highest settlement percentage included in riparian areas is Jatisarono Village Nanggulan Subdistrict, with the area of settlement of 0.1224 km square and 44.07% for the riparian zone with 50 m width and 0.1766 km square while 21.16% for the riparian zone with 100 m width. Jatisarono village also becomes the village with the highest approximate population number within the riparian zones with 135 people in the riparian zone with 50 m width and 195 people the riparian zone with 100 m width. From the field survey result, it finds that 13 rivers infrastructures along the downstream Progo River consisting of 10 bridges, two dams, and one groundsill (sample) are still in reasonable good condition.
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Herron, N. F., i P. B. Hairsine. "A scheme for evaluating the effectiveness of riparian zones in reducing overland flow to streams". Soil Research 36, nr 4 (1998): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96098.
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Two time-independent equations are developed to assess the effectiveness of riparian zones in reducing overland flow to streams for events in which the time-scale of subsurface water redistribution exceeds that of the rainfall event. In one equation, the effectiveness of the riparian area is limited by the storage capacity of its soils, while in the other equation, the infiltration rate determines the buffer’s effectiveness. Riparian zone widths, expressed as a proportion of total hillslope length, are calculated for a number of different climate, antecedent moisture, and management scenarios for hillslopes of varying topographic convergence. A riparian zone width not exceeding 20% of total hillslope length is proposed as a practical management option in this paper. Riparian zone widths that fall within these bounds are predicted for areas where both the hillslopes and riparian areas are in good condition. Where conditions in either area are degraded, disproportionately large riparian buffer widths are predicted. The results suggest that land management initiatives need to be directed at the catchment as a whole if riparian buffers of realistic widths are to be effective.
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Putra, P. B., D. Yuliantoro, I. B. Pramono, R. N. Adi i A. Sukmana. "Multi-purpose riparian forest design for conservation and reduction of non-point source pollution in the Lake Toba catchment". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 950, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012058.
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Abstract The riparian forest as a filtering zone is the strategy to reduce non-point source pollution and increase forest cover around the catchment area. The aim was to establish a riparian forest design that is effective for the conservation and reduction of non-point source pollution which also giving beneficial socio-economic for the people. The method used were a literature study as basic reference and vegetation field surveys. The vegetation survey was carried out using nested plots at the river riparian area in the Lake Toba catchment. The vegetation seedling and saplings stand level samples were collected, and that biomass were analysed to determine N and P content. Each potential absorbing of N and P species was grouped based on its habitat. A total of 24 plant species were selected to develop a multi-purpose riparian forest design in the Lake Toba catchment. The design of the multi-purpose riparian model recommended the plantation for dry areas, semi dry areas, and wet areas. Plantation in the dry area consisted of multi-purpose tree species, in temporary dry areas can be planted ornamental perennial herbs, and wet areas comprised of species absorbing water pollutants.
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Nagler, Pamela L., Armando Barreto-Muñoz, Ibrahima Sall, Matthew R. Lurtz i Kamel Didan. "Riparian Plant Evapotranspiration and Consumptive Use for Selected Areas of the Little Colorado River Watershed on the Navajo Nation". Remote Sensing 15, nr 1 (22.12.2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010052.
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Estimates of riparian vegetation water use are important for hydromorphological assessment, partitioning within human and natural environments, and informing environmental policy decisions. The objectives of this study were to calculate the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) (mm/day and mm/year) and derive riparian vegetation annual consumptive use (CU) in acre-feet (AF) for select riparian areas of the Little Colorado River watershed within the Navajo Nation, in northeastern Arizona, USA. This was accomplished by first estimating the riparian land cover area for trees and shrubs using a 2019 summer scene from National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) (1 m resolution), and then fusing the riparian delineation with Landsat-8 OLI (30-m) to estimate ETa for 2014–2020. We used indirect remote sensing methods based on gridded weather data, Daymet (1 km) and PRISM (4 km), and Landsat measurements of vegetation activity using the two-band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2). Estimates of potential ET were calculated using Blaney-Criddle. Riparian ETa was quantified using the Nagler ET(EVI2) approach. Using both vector and raster estimates of tree, shrub, and total riparian area, we produced the first CU measurements for this region. Our best estimate of annual CU is 36,983 AF with a range between 31,648–41,585 AF and refines earlier projections of 25,387–46,397 AF.
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McGwire, Kenneth C. "Optimized Stratification for Mapping Riparian Vegetation in Arid and Semiarid Environments". Remote Sensing 11, nr 14 (10.07.2019): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11141638.
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This paper describes a method of mapping riparian vegetation in semi-arid to arid environments using the Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The method successfully identified a range of riparian community types across the entire state of Nevada, USA, which spans 7 degrees of latitude and almost 4000 m of elevation. The landscape was stratified into units of similar elevation and solar exposure, and riparian areas were identified as having anomalously high NDVI within a local neighborhood. Thousands of calibration points were used in a simplex optimization to select the spatial neighborhood, the elevation and insolation strata, the minimum NDVI to be considered as potentially riparian, the number of standard deviations from the mean for an anomaly to be classified as riparian, and a limit on upslope position. Mapping of subpixel riparian corridors was improved by applying a directional high-pass filter to the NDVI data. Irrigated areas in agricultural and urban areas were removed based on land ownership maps and manual editing. The final map was tested with 400 independent test points: producer’s accuracy was 84.6% and user’s accuracy was 93.5%. This method should be broadly useful for mapping riparian features across large and complex regions with arid to semi-arid environments.
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Woodward, Brian D., Paul H. Evangelista, Nicholas E. Young, Anthony G. Vorster, Amanda M. West, Sarah L. Carroll, Rebecca K. Girma i in. "CO-RIP: A Riparian Vegetation and Corridor Extent Dataset for Colorado River Basin Streams and Rivers". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, nr 10 (5.10.2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7100397.
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Here we present “CO-RIP”, a novel spatial dataset delineating riparian corridors and riparian vegetation along large streams and rivers in the United States (U.S.) portion of the Colorado River Basin. The consistent delineation of riparian areas across large areas using remote sensing has been a historically complicated process partially due to differing definitions in the scientific and management communities regarding what a “riparian corridor” or “riparian vegetation” represents. We use valley-bottoms to define the riparian corridor and establish a riparian vegetation definition interpretable from aerial imagery for efficient, consistent, and broad-scale mapping. Riparian vegetation presence and absence data were collected using a systematic, flexible image interpretation process applicable wherever high resolution imagery is available. We implemented a two-step approach using existing valley bottom delineation methods and random forests classification models that integrate Landsat spectral information to delineate riparian corridors and vegetation across the 12 ecoregions of the Colorado River Basin. Riparian vegetation model accuracy was generally strong (median kappa of 0.80), however it varied across ecoregions (kappa range of 0.42–0.90). We offer suggestions for improvement in our current image interpretation and modelling frameworks, particularly encouraging additional research in mapping riparian vegetation in moist coniferous forest and deep canyon environments. The CO-RIP dataset created through this research is publicly available and can be utilized in a wide range of ecological applications.
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Mugo, Karugo Patrick, Mungai David Nguatha i Mutembei Henry M’Ikiugu. "Factors Which Influence the Patterns of Built Structures in the Riparian Areas of Nairobi River Basin". East African Scholars Multidisciplinary Bulletin 5, nr 11 (7.11.2022): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjmb.2022.v05i11.002.
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This study sought to investigate major factors that have influenced the patterns of built structures along Nairobi riparian zones using an analytical approach and some aspects of correlations. The study employed a descriptive research design with various data collecting methodologies, including questionnaires, photos, interviews, and secondary empirical support. The areas covered by the study fall within the Upper Nairobi river basin, which includes Upper Mathare, Motoine, and Nairobi river tributaries. A population of 270 households was sampled within the three areas. Main economic activities in these areas include small businesses, farming, informal and formal employment, as well as Juakali activities. About 59% of the Motoine catchment households understand the term riparian, and 27% do not. In the Nairobi river catchment, 73% understand the term riparian, while the other 27% of the population do not, while in Mathare River, 83% of the household understand a riparian, and 17% do not. Corruption and greed was the main cause of encroachment as observed by 86% of the population, 34% attributed poor leadership, 71% cited lack of law enforcement, and 40% cited ignorance among the people and in government. A positive correlation was identified between the knowledge of riparian and problem of encroachment. In the Motoine River (Pearson’s R= 0.715). Nairobi river (Pearson’s R=0.54) very strong correlation (Pearson’s R= 0.946) was established in the. The study found that the main drivers that influence built structures in riparian zones are overpopulation, poverty, lack of alternative land, ignorance, lack of law enforcement in the government, and corruption. The study established that a high level of ignorance and low levels of formal education as the main contributor to discounting riparian protection among the residents. Lack of law enforcement, political interference, and high levels of corruption in the government attributes to be the cause of undue degree ..........
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Meyer, Marc D., i Malcolm P. North. "Truffle abundance in riparian and upland mixed-conifer forest of California's southern Sierra Nevada". Canadian Journal of Botany 83, nr 8 (1.08.2005): 1015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-054.
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We compared the abundance, diversity, and composition of truffles in riparian and upland areas within a mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada of California. We sampled for truffles in a single watershed over two seasons (spring and summer) and 4 years to determine whether truffles were more abundant and diverse in riparian than upland sites in old-growth, mixed-conifer forest. Truffle frequency, biomass, and species richness were greater in riparian sites than in upland sites in both spring and summer samples. Species composition of truffles also was different between sites, with nine and one species found exclusively in riparian and upland sites, respectively. Distance between the center of truffle plots to logs and trees was lower and soil moisture was greater in riparian sites compared with upland sites, suggesting that log density, tree proximity, and soil moisture may influence truffle production in these habitats. Our study underscores the importance of riparian areas for truffles, a primary food source for northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) in the Sierra Nevada of California.Key words: truffles, riparian, Sierra Nevada.
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Rassam, D. W., i D. Pagendam. "Development and application of the Riparian Mapping Tool to identify priority rehabilitation areas for nitrogen removal in the Tully - Murray basin, Queensland, Australia". Marine and Freshwater Research 60, nr 11 (2009): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08358.
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One feature of riparian zones is their ability to significantly reduce the nitrogen loads entering streams by removing nitrate from the groundwater. A novel GIS model was used to prioritise riparian rehabilitation in catchments. It is proposed that high-priority areas are those with a high potential for riparian denitrification and have nearby land uses that generate high nitrogen loads. For this purpose, we defined the Rehabilitation Index, which is the product of two other indices, the Nitrate Removal Index and the Nitrate Interception Index. The latter identifies the nitrate contamination potential for each raster cell in the riparian zone by examining the extent and proximity of agricultural urban land uses. The former is estimated using a conceptual model for surface–groundwater interactions in riparian zones associated with middle-order gaining perennial streams, where nitrate is removed via denitrification when the base flow interacts with the carbon-rich riparian sediments before discharging to the streams. Riparian zones that are relatively low in the landscape, have a flat topography, and have soils of medium hydraulic conductivity are most conducive to denitrification. In the present study, the model was implemented in the Tully–Murray basin, Queensland, Australia, to produce priority riparian rehabilitation area maps.
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Erotokritou, Elena, Christos Mammides, Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis i Spyros Sfenthourakis. "Environmental heterogeneity and lizard assemblages in riparian areas in Cyprus". Reptiles & Amphibians 31, nr 1 (14.04.2024): e18972. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v31i1.18972.
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The island of Cyprus hosts a rich diversity of reptiles, including several endemic species. Reptiles are morecommon in Mediterranean-type shrubland and other open habitats in Cyprus, although riparian formations offeradditional cover and food sources, especially during dry, hot summers. Riparian habitats are often very heterogeneous,an attribute that can be important for lizards since they can utilize a variety of microhabitats crucial for different aspectsof their ecology. Nevertheless, reptilian diversity in riparian systems remains understudied and Cyprus is no exception.The aim of this study was to compare lizard diversity and abundance patterns across seasons and elevations, as well astheir relationships with habitat heterogeneity and protected status of areas along riverbanks, as expressed by presencein or out of Natura 2000 sites. We examined the effects that these factors can have on lizard communities by studyingthree rivers that exhibit variations in environmental conditions. Additionally, we evaluated separately the abundancesof four common species (Snake-eyed Lizard, Ophisops elegans; Troodos Rock Lizard, Phoenicolacerta troodica; CyprusRock Agama, Laudakia cypriaca; and Schreiber’s Fringe-toed Lizard, Acanthodactylus schreiberi) while recording in riparian habitats seven of the 11 Cypriot species of lizards. Diversity and richness were not significantly associated withany of the explanatory variables examined (season, elevation, habitat heterogeneity, and protected status). Moreover,we found no relationship between the abundances of each of the four species and habitat heterogeneity, even thoughthey responded differently to elevation, season, and protected status. Our results suggest that lizard diversity in ripariansystems is high compared to the total number of lizard species found on Cyprus, reaching 60% of the overall richness.
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Zaimes, G. N., V. Iakovoglou, D. Emmanouloudis i D. Gounaridis. "Riparian Areas of Greece: Their Definition and Characteristics". Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 3, nr 1 (czerwiec 2010): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.031.29.
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Zaimes, G. N. "Mediterranean Riparian Areas–Climate change implications and recommendations". Journal of Environmental Biology 41, nr 5 (14.09.2020): 957–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb//41/5/mrn-1454.
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Cooper, J. R., i J. W. Gilliam. "Phosphorus Redistribution from Cultivated Fields into Riparian Areas". Soil Science Society of America Journal 51, nr 6 (listopad 1987): 1600–1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100060035x.
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Gutierrez, L. R., J. E. Herrick i G. B. Donart. "Gully Seeder for Reseeding Rangeland and Riparian Areas". Journal of Range Management 57, nr 4 (lipiec 2004): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003865.
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GUTIERREZ, L. R., J. E. HERRICK i G. B. DONART. "Gully seeder for reseeding rangeland and riparian areas". Rangeland Ecology & Management 57, nr 4 (lipiec 2004): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0399:gsfrra]2.0.co;2.
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Sanderson, Matt A., Martin van der Grinten i Robert C. Stout. "Virginia Wildrye Persistence and Performance in Riparian Areas". Crop Science 50, nr 4 (lipiec 2010): 1546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.09.0542.
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