Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Rights and protections

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Rights and protections”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 31 sierpnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Rights and protections"

Vatras, Volodymyr, Oleh Oksaniuk, Serhii Sabluk, Roman Havrik i Zhanna Vasylieva-Shalamova. "Protection of Personal Non-Property Rights of Spouses in the Practice of The European Court of Human Rights: A Crucial Investigation". Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, nr 6 (10.06.2024): e06968. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n6-133.

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Objective: This study investigates the peculiarities of spouses' non-property rights in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) case law, aiming to understand how these rights are protected and restored in different legal contexts. Theoretical Framework: The study is based on principles of international human rights and family law, focusing on the right to parenthood, personal development of spouses, non-discrimination, and respect for honor and dignity. The ECHR's framework for protecting these rights provides a solid basis. Method: The research employs a qualitative analysis of ECHR case law, examining relevant legal documents, court decisions, and literature on non-property rights. Data collection involved analyzing ECHR rulings and Ukrainian family law. Results and Discussion: The results show that protecting spouses' non-property rights is crucial for citizens' security and stability. The study highlights how states manage these rights and the ECHR's role in restoring them. The discussion emphasizes national and international law implications, noting discrepancies in current protections. Research Implications: This research not only provides insights into legal mechanisms for protecting spouses' non-property rights but also underscores the practical implications of a robust legal framework and the role of the ECHR in safeguarding these rights, potentially influencing policy and legal practice. Originality/Value: The study contributes to the literature by analyzing the protection and restoration of spouses' non-property rights in ECHR case law. Its originality lies in focusing on the intersection of family law and human rights, highlighting the value of international legal standards in enhancing national protections. This research informs policy and legal practice in family law and human rights.

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Ensor, Marisa O., i Amanda J. Reinke. "African Children’s Right to Participate in their Own Protection". International Journal of Children’s Rights 22, nr 1 (2014): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02201003.

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The protection of children confronting adversity has become one of the central priorities of humanitarian interventions worldwide. The array of child-focused rights and protections established by international, regional and national frameworks provides a normative foundation guiding efforts to facilitate the (re)establishment of more secure conditions. Despite a rhetorical acknowledgement of participation as enhancing children’s provision and protection rights, much of children’s rights activism in Africa continues to emphasise a protectionist approach over an empowering one. Furthermore, actualising children’s rights constitutes a formidable challenge in fragile countries like South Sudan where difficult post-war conditions are compounded by significant discrepancies regarding the treatment of children in the various applicable legal systems. Advancing the view of children’s rights as a living practice moulded by children’s everyday realities, this paper discusses the situation of South Sudan as illustrative of the dilemmas of upholding the right of conflict-affected children in Africa to participate in their own protection.

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Barafi, Jamal, i Zeyad Jaffal. "Towards an Effective Legal Protection for Older Persons in the 21st Century: A Comparative Study of International Human Rights Law and Arab Constitutions". Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 7, nr 1 (1.12.2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-7.1-a000106.

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Background: This study explores legal protections for older people in the 21st century, particularly in the contexts of international human rights laws and Arabic constitutions. While international human rights systems afford implicit protections for senior citizens, the international legal framework is inadequate for addressing their specific rights and challenges. While Arabic constitutions often include general provisions protecting the rights of citizens, they do not explicitly address the rights and legal protection of older people. Methods: This study aims to confront this gap by examining legal frameworks that protect the rights of senior citizens in both international human rights law and Arabic constitutions. Results and Conclusions: The lack of a universally accepted definition for the term ‘older person’ poses a challenge when studying that demographic, as they are a highly heterogeneous group. In a rapidly ageing world, it is essential to develop legal frameworks that specifically address the rights of older people to ensure their dignity and well-being.

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Rachma, Ayu Widya, i Jadmiko Anom Husodo. "Legal Protection of Children's Human Rights as Students in Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic". International Journal of Sustainability in Research 2, nr 1 (13.01.2024): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijsr.v2i1.1162.

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The legal protection of children's human rights in the education sector in Indonesia must be the government's main concern. The law provides for the rights children must receive, including the right to education. This is because during the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have found it difficult to provide educational legal protections to children. This article uses normative legal research to examine the legal protection of children's right to education during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of states in realizing children's right to education.

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Hurst, JD, Jessica L. "Establishing human rights protections in postdisaster contexts". Journal of Emergency Management 8, nr 6 (1.11.2010): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2010.0035.

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Postdisaster environments are proven battlegrounds for human rights violations, and a binding international instrument speaking directly to the right to postdisaster human rights protections is a critical and necessary strategy in international disaster response and recovery efforts. This article encourages the development of an international instrument crafted to specifically address human rights protections in postdisaster contexts, founded in international human rights law and policy, and invoking the authority of international law bodies, which can also be used to further refine US emergency response policy.

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Davitti, Daria. "Proportionality and Human Rights Protection in International Investment Arbitration: What’s Left Hanging in the Balance?" Nordic Journal of International Law 89, nr 3-4 (12.11.2020): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-89030005.

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Abstract This article focuses on the proportionality analysis carried out by international investment tribunals when the protection of foreign investment adversely impacts the protection of human rights. International investment arbitrators are increasingly called to adjudicate awards which require a ‘balancing’ between the so-called rights of investors, protected as they are by relevant international investment agreements (iia), and the rights of third parties affected by foreign investment. Such balancing often entails, at its core, a controversial juxtaposition between investment protections and human rights protections. In this article, I argue that a balancing between investors’ rights and human rights is neither possible nor desirable. This argument is crucial to demystify existing assumptions surrounding the use of balancing and proportionality in international investment arbitration as a way of successfully reconciling competing interests as well as conflicting protection obligations vested upon a host State.

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Bussman, John F., i James Lasseter, Jr. "Taxpayers Rights And IRS Obligations Before And After The 1988 Taxpayers Bill Of Rights". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 7, nr 1 (20.10.2011): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v7i1.6268.

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Greater protection for taxpayers is an idea whose time has finally arrived. The greater protection provided by the Taxpayer Bill of Rights, included in the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988 (TAMRA) is a good start in consumerism but it does have significant limitations. Surprisingly, along with the greater protection taxpayers have under the new law comes even more accountability by taxpayers to the Internal Revenue Service. This article addresses these new protections, their limitations and the new accountabilities by taxpayers to the IRS.

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Fayez Ahmed AL-BZOUR, Omar. "JUVENILE RIGHTS IN PALESTINIAN LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, nr 6 (1.11.2022): 153–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.20.10.

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This study compares the rights of Juveniles under Palestinian law to those under international treaties. In the Palestinian Children Act, No. 7 of 2004, and Act No. 4 of 2016 on the protection of the juvenile, both of which are compliant with international treaties on children, the Palestinian legislator addresses the rights of children and youth at various levels of criminal proceedings. Additionally, the study demonstrates how Islam, which has a profoundly thorough concern for every aspect of children’s life, upholds the rights of children. At both the international and national levels, the topic of children's rights is of tremendous importance. One of the main goals the State now strives to achieve is the safeguarding of fundamental rights. The children’s rights go beyond the fundamental protections provided by numerous statutes and laws but also encompass protections and rights at every stage of the criminal justice system to ensure juveniles are treated fairly and with the greatest possible regard.Given that this group may be marginalized in society, which may not draw the notice or sympathy of public opinion or the government, it is feasible that their rights may be violated without attracting considerable attention.Among the most egregious breaches perpetrated against Palestinian children are the continual atrocities committed by Israeli occupation forces in the Palestinian territories, which violate all child-protection legislation and agreements, as well as the provisions of international humanitarian law, which provide two types of protection for children: general protection for not participating in hostilities, and particular protection for children who are victims of war crimes.As a result, civil society organizations play an important role in defending and protecting children, as well as monitoring the laws that safeguard them. Keywords: Juvenile Rights, Palestınıan Laws, International Conventions

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Campbell, Kathryn M. "The Right to Silence and the Pendulum Swing: Variations in Canadian and Scottish Criminal Law". Wrongful Conviction Law Review 1, nr 3 (21.12.2020): 291–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/wclawr37.

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The right to silence is afforded to suspects in criminal cases as part of a number constitutional protections contained within Canadian law through the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It is closely linked to other such rights, including the right to counsel, the right against self-incrimination and the presumption of innocence. Moreover, in some cases, the denial of this right has resulted in convictions in error through false confessions and wrongful convictions. Decisions by the Supreme Court in Canada in recent times can be viewed as a slow encroachment onto individual Charter rights in favour of the needs of law enforcement. In Scotland, until recently, while afforded a right to silence suspects could still be questioned for up to six hours without a lawyer present. While other measures existed to protect an individual’s right to a fair trial, such practices were out of step with the European Convention on Human Rights Article 6(1) right to a fair trial. In the decision in Cadder v HMA, greater protections to suspects were introduced regarding the right to silence and the right to counsel, and the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016 later consolidated the relevant law on this matter. The focus of this paper will be to examine how the right to silence in both Canadian and Scottish law has evolved through statute and case law and the implications of this for law enforcement practices, the protection of rights and the safety of convictions.

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AllahRakha, Naeem. "Constitutional Safeguards for Digital Rights and Privacy". International Journal of Law and Policy 2, nr 4 (30.04.2024): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.59022/ijlp.172.

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The digital rights and privacy protections are emerging human rights concerns in the digital age. Uzbekistan's newly enacted constitution provides a general framework for civil liberties, but lacks specificity regarding digital contexts. This research examines the effectiveness of Uzbekistan's constitutional safeguards for digital rights and privacy, and identifies potential areas for improvement. The aim is to ensure robust protections aligned with international norms. A qualitative methodology analyzes constitutional provisions, legislation through doctrinal review and phenomenological approaches. Results reveal significant gaps in areas like data protection, consent requirements, and oversight of state surveillance compared to frameworks like the EU's GDPR. Recommendations include constitutional amendments explicitly guaranteeing digital rights, an independent data protection authority, enhanced enforcement mechanisms, and legal reforms codifying principles of data minimization and individual control over personal information. Implementing such measures is crucial for Uzbekistan to uphold digital rights, promote trust in the digital ecosystem, and contribute to preserving human dignity and autonomy in the digital era.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Rights and protections"

Simsek, Yilmaz. "New Surveillance Technologies and the Invasion of Privacy Rights". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4252/.

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Definition of privacy has changed by the changes and improvements in information and surveillance technologies. These changes and improvement need new legal decisions for new kinds of privacy invasions. This study explores the scope of privacy right, particularly when a technological surveillance has occurred by law enforcement agencies. It focuses in particular on increasing law enforcements' surveillance technologies and devices that have the potential to impact citizens' information privacy. These increasing changes in surveillance technologies have important implications both for law enforcements and citizens. This study also discusses increasing law enforcement surveillance for the public's security, changes of the laws that allow law enforcements to use new surveillance powers as a war on terrorism, and the citizens concerns of information privacy. A particular attention is given to the recent public opinion surveys which show citizens' increasing privacy concerns. Finally, a set of recommendations to figure out security-privacy debate and reduce the privacy concerns of the citizens is offered.

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Nkurunziza, Venant. "Protection of indigenous peoples in Africa: the case of the batwa in Rwanda". University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3910.

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Wakelin, Elyse Margaret. "Minority rights protections in contemporary Europe : the double standards between the obligations of member states and candidate countries". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40347.

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Through the principle of EU conditionality, the European Union has proven itself to be somewhat of a normative actor in a number of key foreign policy areas including in minority rights. In 2003, Moravcsik and Vachudova proposed that “the accession process imposes something of a double standard in a handful of areas, chiefly the protection of ethnic minority rights, where candidates have to meet standards that the EU-15 have never set for themselves”. This assertion has been widely proven in academic literature to be correct for the case of the Central and Eastern (CEEC) enlargements of 2004 and 2007. However, there has been limited scholarly attention on whether this assertion still applies to states currently seeking European Union Membership. This thesis proposes that this ‘double standard’ in minority rights obligations has evolved into a four-way divide in minority rights standards taking into account the CEEC and the present accession processes involving the Western Balkan states. The thesis analyses this four-way divide, focusing on the key case studies of Latvia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. It furthermore rejects the arguments offered to justify the different standards which have emerged in minority rights standards across the region. With the European Union facing turbulent times with the June 2016 Brexit vote and rising Euroscepticism, it is essential that the European Union seek to bring accession requirements and membership obligations in line with each other and develop an acquis communautaire on the fundamental area of minority rights.

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Nelson, Inga Katrin. ""Each Generation of a Free Society": The Relationship between Montana's Constitutional Convention, Individual Rights Protections, and State Constitutionalism". PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/311.

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In the mid-1970s, state courts began to interpret state constitutions independently of the federal constitution in a way that provided greater protection for individual rights at the state versus federal level. Scholars have generally attributed the rise of this movement, known as state constitutionalism, to the actions and scholarship of judges and point to the cause as a fear that the Burger court would rollback Warren court era protections for individual rights. In reality, the concept of state constitutionalism had been present throughout the 1950s-1970s period of state constitutional revision and was deeply influenced by concerns over the status of the federal system. Montana's 1972 Constitutional Convention illustrates the role that constitutional revision had in the subsequent adoption of state constitutionalism. In particular, the creation, adoption, and interpretation of two provisions--the privacy and dignity clauses--shows that the public was engaged in a conscious decision to go beyond the federal protections for individual rights. Montana's experience suggests that further research is needed in order for scholars to fully understand the rise and adoption of state constitutionalism.

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Alsalmi, Hussain Sulaiman. "Oman's basic statute and human rights : protections and restrictions with a focus on nationality, Shura and Freedom of Association". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/omans-basic-statute-and-human-rights-protections-and-restrictions-with-a-focus-on-nationality-shura-and-freedom-of-association(9c411873-6252-4ee1-b574-40ff59e94867).html.

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Over the last three decades, Oman has emerged as a center of political and economic stability in the Arab world, a stability which is an essential ingredient for any country to develop and flourish. Whereas democracy and public freedoms are at the core of stability in other parts of the world, the case in Oman is different. It is not a democratic state and it did not adopt the modern concepts of human rights and public freedoms into its legal-political system until 1996 when the Basic Statute of the State was promulgated. The purpose of this study is to provide a general view of the current status of Human Rights under the Omani Basic Statute of the State with a specific focus on some civil and political rights. It illustrates the situation of human rights by assessing the implementation of the constitutional and legal safeguards into practice and finding out what hinders them. It aims to evaluate the importance of the constitution in Oman, and the extent to which it has succeeded in incorporating international human rights’ standards while walking the tightrope of reconciling this with core traditional social customs and Islamic values. It analyses the compatibility of constitutional and national laws and practice with international human rights standards and assesses current trends and policies. Three case studies for different rights and freedoms are conducted to explore the guarantees and weaknesses of different rights in practice. These are the areas of nationality 'as individual right' which is very important under the Oman system as it is the direct link to enjoyment of other rights and freedoms. The Shura is the second case study as a political right or a collective right which represents public participation in Oman. Finally, the Freedom of Association, as an example for the freedom of expression and opinion, which represents individual and group rights together. This research evaluation analyses in detail the developments since the promulgation of the Basic Statute in December 1996 but stretches to encompass developments till the developments to the end of July 2011.

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Auriel, Pierre. "L’équivalence des protections des droits fondamentaux dans l’Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020054.

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L’équivalence des protections des droits fondamentaux est une exigence formulée par les juridictions nationales afin de permettre de concilier les obligations constitutionnelles de mise en œuvre du droit de l’Union européenne et de protection des droits fondamentaux constitutionnels et conventionnels. En particulier, afin de répondre aux exigences d’unité et de de primauté du droit de l’Union, les juridictions nationales acceptent de suspendre le contrôle des actes étatiques mettant en œuvre le droit de l’Union européenne sur le fondement des droits fondamentaux constitutionnels et conventionnels aussi logntemps que le droit de l’Union européenne garantit une protection équivalente des droits fondamentaux. Dispositif baroque et instable, cette exigence est nécessairement précaire, des ruptures ponctuelles de l’équivalence apparaissant fréquemment. L’étude de cette exigence et de ces ruptures permet de faire apparaître la structure de l’Union européenne dans laquelle elle s’insère et à laquelle elle répond. Notamment, la nature internationale de l’Union et les mécanismes de réception du droit de l’Union européenne et du droit interne apparaissent au travers du jeu de l’équivalence. Le droit de l’Union européenne est mis en œuvre en étant soumis aux contraintes des ordres juridiques nationaux et en particulier, de leur ordre constitutionnel
Equivalence of fundamental rights protection is a requirement formulated by national courts in order to reconcile the constitutional obligations to implement European Union law with the protection of constitutional and conventional fundamental rights. In particular, in order to meet the requirements of unity and primacy of Union law, national courts agree to suspend the review of State acts implementing European Union law in the light of fundamental constitutional and conventional rights as long as European Union law guarantees equivalent protection of fundamental rights. As a baroque and unstable device, this requirement is necessarily precarious, with occasional breaks in equivalence frequently occurring. The study of this requirement and these breaks reveals the structure of the European Union in which it is embedded and to which it responds. In particular, the international nature of the Union and the mechanisms for receiving European Union and national law appear through the interplay of equivalence. European Union law is implemented by being subject to the constraints of national legal systems and, in particular, their constitutional order

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Grigalashvili, Mariam. "Taxpayers’ rights protection during exchange of information : Whether taxpayers’ rights (right to privacy, participation rights) aresufficiently protected during exchange of information". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-409537.

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Priori, Posada Giovanni F. "From the Right of Action to the Effective Jurisdictional Protection of the Rights". IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122625.

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Throughout the history of Procedural Law, a theme which undoubtedly calls for greater importance is the right of action, however, today does not have greater presence. Accordingly, the focus has moved towards the effective jurisdictional protection due to the phenomenon of constitutionalisation which the right of action has crossed. the author, in addition to analyzing the most important landmarks in the development of right of action, also focuses on the study of what is currently happening with effective judicial protection in order to reach a truly effective process thatensures our rights.
A lo largo de la historia del Derecho Procesal, un tema que sin duda reclama mayor importancia es el del Derecho de Acción, sin embargo, hoy en día no tiene mayor presencia. en tal sentido, el enfoque se ha trasladado hacia la tutela Jurisdiccional efectiva a causa del fenómeno de constitucionalización que atravesó el Derecho de Acción. el autor, además de analizar los hitos más importantes en los que se desarrolla el Derecho de Acción, se centra también en el estudio de lo que viene pasando en la actualidad con la Tutela Jurisdiccional Efectiva con la finalidad de llegar aun proceso verdaderamente eficaz que garantice nuestros derechos.

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Yeremenko, A. "Human rights protection institute of jury". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/44926.

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Development and formation of legal state, consolidation of democratic principles of governance is impossible without recognizing of human rights and freedoms in Ukraine. Today in our country an acute problem of protection of human rights exists as a result of low level of economic development, instability in the socio-political and legal areas, lack of effective approaches to legal education of the individual. Citizens do not know their rights, do not have basic skills to use their rights and make demands to the state or other institutions for the restoration or protection of their rights.

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Chanda, Ashok Kumar. "Investigating consumer rights protection in India". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1795.

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Książki na temat "Rights and protections"

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (U.S.). Your medicare rights and protections. Wyd. 2. Baltimore, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2003.

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Awan, Mehboob Pervez. Civil liberties, human rights constitutional protections. Rawalpindi: Federal Law House, 2003.

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Braconi, Joan Marie. California workers rights: A manual of job rights, protections, and remedies. Wyd. 2. [Berkeley, CA]: Center for Labor Research & Education, 1994.

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Braconi, Joan Marie. California workers rights: A manual of job rights, protections and remedies. Berkeley: Center for Labor Research and Education, Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, 1986.

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Spalding, Kirsten. California workers' rights: A manual of job rights, protections, and remedies. Wyd. 3. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, 2001.

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E, Locker Miles, Fendel Nina G, Spalding Kirsten i University of California, Berkeley. Center for Labor Research and Education, red. California workers' rights: A manual of job rights, protections, and remedies. Wyd. 4. Berkeley, CA: Center for Labor Research and Education, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, University of California, Berkeley, 2010.

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Smith, Raymond A. Extending International Human Rights Protections to Vulnerable Populations. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429273803.

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Plummer, Richard W. Age discrimination in employment: What are your rights and protections? Washington, DC, USA: IEEE, 1988.

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Kundis, Craig Robin, i Hall Noah D, red. Modern water law: Private property, public rights, and environmental protections. St Paul, MN: Foundation Press, 2013.

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Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights, National Constitutional Assembly (Zimbabwe) i Harvard Law School. International Human Rights Clinic, red. Economic, social, and cultural rights in Zimbabwe: Options for constitutional protections. Harare]: Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights, 2009.

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Części książek na temat "Rights and protections"

Marchetti, Sabrina. "Rights". W IMISCOE Research Series, 71–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11466-3_5.

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AbstractTransnational migration gives rise to multiple forms of potential exploitation of paid domestic work, being an occupation that is relegated to the informal labour market where migrant women often find themselves in powerless positions in relation to their employers and host society. This is especially so when they are undocumented migrants, as is the case for migrants who do not fulfil the requirements for labour or family migration. As a consequence, in many countries, migrants’ employment in private households is strongly deregulated and workers do not have access to social and labour protection (Triandafyllidou & Marchetti, 2017). In several countries, domestic work is not recognized as work, and is therefore excluded from labour protections. Domestic workers are often deprived of monetary payment and compensated with only food and shelter. Also, in countries where domestic work is regulated through labour laws, provisions differ significantly from those in place for other jobs, having lower remuneration and fewer social protections. This lack of a normative framework adds to the vulnerability that is typical of the sector due to the isolation that is characteristic of this kind of work (especially for live-in workers) and the social stigmatization that they face in different parts of the world.

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Prehn, Ulrich. "“Volksgruppen Rights” versus “Minorities Protections”". W A New Nationalist Europe Under Hitler, 27–42. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in Second World War history: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315114446-2.

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Johnson-Freese, Joan. "Women's “Privileges,” Rights and Protections". W Women vs. Women, 48–79. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003267164-3.

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Hawkins, W. Thomas. "Florida law protections for property rights". W Land Use Law in Florida, 207–20. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003108603-20.

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Smith, Raymond A. "The scope of existing protections". W Extending International Human Rights Protections to Vulnerable Populations, 8–25. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429273803-2.

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D'Onghia, Madia. "Tensioni tra tecniche e valori nella disciplina delle tutele sociali dei lavoratori flessibili". W Studi e saggi, 285–304. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-484-7.19.

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The essay deals with the social protections of atypical workers that represent an extraordinary proof of the link between values and regulatory techniques. The author points out that current legislation does not always provide adequate forms of social protection for atypical workers. For this reason, often, more effective protections have been recognized in the jurisprudential. Three examples are analyzed: 1) the extension of the principle referred to in art. 2116 of the Italian Civil Code, as well as subordination; 2) the method of calculating the contributory seniority in the vertical part-time for retirement purposes; 3) the right to family allowances for permanent temporary workers. The author provides several points of reflection on the close intertwining of flexibility and social protections and on the need to move the plane of reasoning beyond the contract; it links rights and protections directly to the person entering the labour market and releases them from the status of worker.

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Yilmaz, Gaye, i Sue Ledwith. "Migrating Women’s Working Lives, Rights and Social Protections". W Migration and Domestic Work, 65–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51649-3_4.

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Strungaru, Simona. "International Rights and Protections of the Refugee Child". W SpringerBriefs in Law, 35–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2159-7_3.

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Bentley, Duncan. "Taxpayer Rights and Protections in a Digital Global Environment". W Ethics and Taxation, 251–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0089-3_11.

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Byrnes, Andrew, i Catherine Renshaw. "24. Within the state". W International Human Rights Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198767237.003.0024.

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This chapter examines the state’s role in promoting and protecting human rights, and is organized as follows. Section 2 deals with substantive protections: the nature, status, and scope of human rights protections under national law. These include the incorporation or other use of international human rights norms in domestic law, constitutional guarantees of rights, human rights legislation, protection under the general law, including the concept of the rule of law, and the common law. Section 3 considers institutional protections of human rights. It briefly outlines the types of institutions that commonly play a role in the implementation, monitoring, and protection of human rights, including the courts, the executive, and the legislature, as well as mechanisms such as ombudsmen and national human rights institutions.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Rights and protections"

Poza, Luis. "Dignity Frames for Latinx English Learner Civil Rights Protections Objectives". W 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1580566.

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Haykır Hobikoğlu, Elif, i Ahmet İncekara. "A Comparative Analysis of Turkey’s and Other OECD Countries’ Decent Work Structures". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01603.

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This study examines all the efforts paid since the year 2000 for improving the working conditions of decent work which is a concept that has been in use by the International Labour Organization. A comparative analysis of Turkey's and other OECD counties' decent work structures is presented in our study which has been conducted by looking at such indicators as wages paid for labour, working conditions, social security rights, union rights, income security, annual leave durations, existence of social dialogue, labour participation rates, social assistance, social protections, the state of human development index.

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Urbane, Marta. "Legal preconditions for sustainable remote work in EU in the time of emerging technologies". W 10th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004063.

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The aim of sustainable work is to create a living and working environment that encourages individuals to enter and remain in the workforce for an extended period. During times of crisis, sustainable work has become a key factor in supporting economic growth while simultaneously prioritizing workers' well-being. While emerging technologies have the potential to enhance productivity, they can also contribute to an "always-on" culture in the workplace and widen working time, which can adversely affect the work-life balance of remote employees. Assessing the legal framework for remote work in the EU and its suitability for ethical employment practices, it is essential to support the future viability of remote employees' professional lives. Although an increasing number of individuals are choosing to work remotely, and more companies are offering remote work options, there still are unresolved legal issues in EU regulations, such as the definition of working time in the context of remote work and the regulation of employees' right to disconnect. Additionally, EU member states have differing attitudes towards promoting remote work, which can create a risk to the protection of employees' rights and the principle of equality within the EU.The goal of the research is to provide a comprehensive analysis and identify legal obstacles to sustainable remote work in the EU, based on an examination of the legal framework in the EU and case law of the EU Court of Justice and to draw evidence-based conclusions about the legal preconditions of sustainable remote work in EU.The research employs thorough research methods including literature analysis, legislation analysis, case law analysis, and secondary data analysis. The author uses different legal research methods, such as analytical, comparative, deductive, and inductive to identify legal obstacles to sustainable remote work in EU regulations. The main findings indicate that, even though there are efforts at the EU level to promote remote workers' well-being and legal protection, specific tools in EU legislation are still required to achieve the objective of sustainable remote work in the EU. For instance, the right of employees to disconnect has been initiated, but no legally binding document has been created to execute this right uniformly across all EU member states. It is also determined that different levels of encouraging remote work exist in EU member states, resulting in various protections for remote employees. This results in a scenario where remote workers have no efficient legal protection, which can be a basis for human rights violations. The research also finds instances of successful remote work initiatives and good practices in the EU, highlighting the potential advantages of sustainable remote work.

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Roberts, Bryony, Lindsay Harkema i Lori Brown. "Spatializing Reproductive Justice". W 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.42.

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Coined in 1994 by a caucus of Black women activists, reproductive justice is the “human right to maintain personal bodily autonomy, have children, not have children, and parent the children we have in safe and sustainable communities”.1 After the overturn of Roe v. Wade, access to reproductive healthcare is radically restricted across the U.S., compounding systemic race, gender, and class-based inequities that have always made healthcare inaccessible for many. The landmark Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision in 2022 rolled back nearly 50 years of reproductive rights protections and unleashed a plethora of laws that make it more difficult to access reproductive health care, riskier to assist those seeking care, and precarious to teach about issues of race, gender, and sexuality. As stated in the dissenting opinion by Justices Breyer, Sotomayor, and Kagan, “Whatever the exact scope of the coming laws, one result of today’s decision is certain: the curtailment of women’s rights, and of their status as free and equal citizens.”2 In the U.S. today, bodily autonomy and academic freedom are geographically situated. Within this context of curtailed freedoms, architects and educators must confront the spatial realities of these restrictions. New dialogues must emerge at architecture’s intersectional edges – between designers, activists, social justice advocates, legal experts, public health practitioners, and students – to explore how the built environment can better support human lives.

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Tešović, Olga. "Justice After the Crash: Analyzing the Role of Judicial Practice in Supporting Traffic Accident Victims". W The Position of Victims in the Republic of Serbia. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/palic2024.21.

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This article examines the role of judicial practices in supporting victims of traffic accidents, focusing on the interplay between legal frameworks, victim support systems, and societal values. Through a comparative analysis of global legal systems and an in-depth exploration of domestic laws in Serbia, the study highlights the importance of judicial sensitivity, victim participation, and the integration of public health perspectives in legal responses to traffic accidents. The research reveals substantial variability in the implementation of victim support mechanisms and underscores the potential of restorative justice practices in fostering recovery and reconciliation. Key conclusions advocate for enhanced victim participation in the judicial process, improved accessibility to support services, continuous education for judicial officials, and necessary legislative reforms to strengthen victim rights and protections. The findings aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on improving judicial practices to better support traffic accident victims, reflecting a broader commitment to justice and human dignity.

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Sekulić, Aleksandra. "UTICAJ AKTUELNIH PRIVREDNIH I DRUŠTVENIH KRETANjA NA ZAŠTITU PUTNIKA U AVIO-SAOBRAĆAJU". W XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.103s.

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System of protection of air passenger implies a set of special and individual rights. Special rights from this set of rights are: right to information, right to care, right to reimbursement and re-routing, right to redress. In current level of protection of air passenger can influence economic and social movements. In that movements are mirrored the most significiant contemporary tendencies in air transport are pandemic of virus covid-19, global warming and insolvency of air transporter. Through this paper we will introduce contemporary tendencies in current level of protection of air passengers which is are caused by this risks. Aim of this paper would be analysis of current level of protection of air passenger through individual analysis of special rights of air passenger. Also, we will give a review on influence of contemporary tendencies on level of protection of air passengers.

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Inglis, Iulia. "Specific protection of copyright and related rights". W Open Science in the Republic of Moldova National Scientific Conference, 2nd edition. Information Society Development Institute, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57066/sdrm22.11.

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Legal protection regarding copyright and related rights is granted according to the legislation in force, and the legal norms regulate the relations that appear at the creation and capitalization of literary, artistic and scientific works (copyright), of interpretations, phonograms, videograms and broadcast programs (related rights), as well as other rights that are determined by intellectual activity. The principles of protection of copyright and related rights are based on the objective form of expression, originality, automatic protection, exclusivity of rights, freedom of creation and freedom of contract. The subject of copyright relations may be legal entities, both citizens of the Republic of Moldova and persons with foreign citizenship or stateless persons. The moral right of the author is inalienable: the right to paternity, the right to names, the right to respect the integrity of the work, the right to disclose the work, the right to withdraw the work. The successors of the copyright values, only the patrimonial rights, which can be transmitted to third parties. The registration of the object of copyright and / or related rights implies the completion and submission of the application to AGEPI, the payment of the state fee, the registration of the data regarding the registration in the State Register, the issuance of the registration certificate. From legal protection on copyright and related rights are excluded theories, scientific discoveries, procedures, methods of operation, mathematical concepts, inventions contained in a work, whatever the way of taking, explaining or expressing. Likewise, the protection of copyright related rights does not extend to administrative, political or judicial acts, nor to their official translations, state symbols and official state signs, folk expressions, news of the day and various facts that represent a simple information. Enforcement of copyright and related rights is ensured through civil, administrative and criminal protection. Violation of the rights recognized and guaranteed according to the legislation in force attracts civil, contravention or criminal liability.

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Mihelčić, Gabrijela. "ZAŠTITA PRIVATNOSTI I LIČNIH PODATAKA OD STRANE TRGOVACA KOD ELEKTRONSKE TRGOVINE". W 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.951m.

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The author analyses the category (principle) of proportionality that appears as a corrective in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and of the European Court of Justice when it comes to possible forms of protecting the enforcement debtor moving out of his real estate. The starting point is the requirement to achieve the fair balance between the interests of the enforcement debtor and the enforcement creditor, and the features related to this issue are presented in relation to the protection of the right to respect for home, the right to peaceful enjoyment of property and the protection of consumers from unfair contractual provisions.

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Rezer, Tatiana. "Privacy Right as A Personal Value in an Information Society". W The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-76.

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The relevance of the topic is that the continuous and rapid increase in the role and volume of information in human life leads to the need to develop ways of protecting private information as a subject of personal property and personal value. Privacy is a natural human right and is enshrined in the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Basic Freedoms, as well as in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The regulation of the right to privacy is enshrined in the Russian Civil and Criminal Codes, which provide for legal liability for violations of this right. However, with regulations in place, the human element remains and often leads to leaks of private information, which destroys the personal value of the right. The article examines the concept of the right to privacy, its importance in the information society and human life, and the ways in which it can be protected. The aim of the study is to identify ways of protecting and complementing the right to privacy in the information society. The comparative legal analysis method allowed us to identify the mechanisms for the legal protection of the right to privacy. The case-analysis method enabled us to analyse Yandex’s data breach situation, while the content analysis method allowed us to make recommendations for protecting personal data. Main conclusions: the right to privacy as a personal value in the information society has not been sufficiently addressed in the scientific literature; self-protection as well as raising human legal awareness of information technology can be used as mechanisms to protect privacy.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Rights and protections"

Terzyan, Aram. The State of Minority Rights in Uzbekistan: A Comparative Analysis of Tajiks, Russians, and Koreans. Eurasia Institutes, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/erd-1-2023.

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This paper examines the state of minority rights in Uzbekistan, focusing on three significant ethnic groups: Tajiks, Russians, and Koreans. It explores the historical context of these minorities, the cultural and linguistic challenges they face, socioeconomic issues, and their political representation. Under the authoritarian rule of Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan emphasized a unified Uzbek identity, often marginalizing minority cultures and languages. Despite President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s reforms aimed at improving human rights, including the establishment of a Human Rights Ombudsman and the Development Strategy for 2017-2021, significant challenges remain. Legislative initiatives such as the draft Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of National Minorities and efforts to enhance cultural policies have had mixed success. This analysis highlights the need for comprehensive measures to ensure robust legal protections, equitable resource allocation, and genuine political inclusion for all ethnic minorities in Uzbekistan. The international community’s role in advocating for these rights is also discussed, emphasizing the gap between policy and practice in protecting minority rights in Uzbekistan.

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Nelson, Inga. "Each Generation of a Free Society": The Relationship between Montana's Constitutional Convention, Individual Rights Protections, and State Constitutionalism. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.311.

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Lakdawala, Leah K., Diana Martínez Heredia i Diego A. Vera-Cossio. The Impact of Expanding Worker Rights to Informal Workers Evidence from Child Labor Legislation. Inter-American Development Bank, styczeń 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004689.

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We study the effects of a Bolivian law that introduced benefits and protections for child workers (who are overwhelmingly informal workers) and lowered the de facto legal working age from 14 to 10. We employ a difference-in-discontinuity approach that exploits the variation in the laws application to different age groups. Work decreased for children under 14, whose work was newly legalized and regulated under the law, particularly in areas with a higher threat of inspections. The effects appear to be driven by a reduction in the most visible forms of child work, suggesting that firms may have reduced employment of young children to minimize the risk of being inspected. In contrast, we nd that more formal channels of adjustments - such as increased costs of hiring due to the costs of complying with the new law - are unlikely to explain the overall decline in the work of young children.

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Fluzin, Cyprien. The Use of Administrative Measures Against an Evolving Terrorist Threat: Raising the Stakes for Human Rights, the Rule of Law, and Democracy. ICCT, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19165/2024.1412.

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Terrorism in Western nations has changed significantly over the past years, putting security services to the test and prompting necessary adaptations in counter-terrorism strategies. In this context, states may be tempted to resort to more flexible and swiftly implemented tools such as administrative measures. However, this Policy Brief argues that the known risks associated with administrative measures may be magnified today by a combination of factors and pose new challenges. First, the broadening of the perceived terrorist threat, as it coincides with escalating social and political tensions in many democracies, contributes to obscuring the boundaries between activism, disorder, extremism (violent or not), and terrorism, increasing the risk of misuse as part of attempts to protect the public order. Second, the increasingly tense political climate displaying growing polarisation and escalating populist rhetoric raises additional risks of intentional abuse. Finally, it appears that the overreliance on administrative measures, even when prima facie compliant with the law, may also contribute to an erosion of some human rights and rule of law principles. In addition to causing harm to specific individuals or groups, the accumulation of these circumstances may also affect entire societies and undermine democracy altogether. This Policy Brief argues that the current backdrop calls for renewed caution in the use of administrative measures and a dramatic strengthening of existing safeguards and protections against arbitrary or unlawful uses.

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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learned on Cultural Heritage Protection in Conflict and Protracted Crisis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.068.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the lessons learned from initiatives aimed at embedding better understanding of cultural heritage protection within international monitoring, reporting and response efforts in conflict and protracted crisis. The report uses the terms cultural property and cultural heritage interchangeably. Since the signing of the Hague Treaty in 1954, there has bee a shift from 'cultural property' to 'cultural heritage'. Culture is seen less as 'property' and more in terms of 'ways of life'. However, in much of the literature and for the purposes of this review, cultural property and cultural heritage are used interchangeably. Tangible and intangible cultural heritage incorporates many things, from buildings of globally recognised aesthetic and historic value to places or practices important to a particular community or group. Heritage protection can be supported through a number of frameworks international humanitarian law, human rights law, and peacebuilding, in addition to being supported through networks of the cultural and heritage professions. The report briefly outlines some of the main international legal instruments and approaches involved in cultural heritage protection in section 2. Cultural heritage protection is carried out by national cultural heritage professionals, international bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as citizens. States and intergovernmental organisations may support cultural heritage protection, either bilaterally or by supporting international organisations. The armed forces may also include the protection of cultural heritage in some operations in line with their obligations under international law. In the third section, this report outlines broad lessons on the institutional capacity and politics underpinning cultural protection work (e.g. the strength of legal protections; institutional mandates; production and deployment of knowledge; networks of interested parties); the different approaches were taken; the efficacy of different approaches; and the interface between international and local approaches to heritage protection.

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Zaman, Tahir, Michael Collyer, Rachel Sabates-Wheeler i Carolina Szyp. Beyond Rights-Based Social Protection for Forcibly Displaced People. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.006.

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Having a right that is not respected is not the same as having no right at all. At least this should not be the case. Failure to receive something to which you are entitled should lead to formal redress or failing that, protest. The rights-based discourse has a wider importance. If and when it is or should be used is significant. In terms of access to social protection (including social and humanitarian assistance), the rights-based discourse means there is no difference between refugees and others who fail to receive the protection to which they are entitled, such as Internally Displaced People (IDPs). This introduces two key tensions, both of which we explore in this paper. The first concerns the identification of the institution responsible for fulfilling the right, as determined in state-led/formal humanitarian system of social protection. The second concerns the alternatives displaced people may identify when Northern mandated forms of social protection fail, or when the conditions for the enjoyment of that protection are too onerous. These alternatives constitute a second system of social protection. We conclude that although they are unequal, both systems are currently necessary, even as a language of rights is only appropriate in relation to the first tension. Ultimately greater coordination and collaboration between the two systems is necessary.

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Kozlovskih, Dmitrij, Anna Kosova, Olga Dikonskaya, Sergey Romanov, Tatyana Shuleshova, Yuliya Cunina, Irina Galnykina i in. Electronic educational resource "Consumer rights Protection". SIB-Expertise, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0634.15122022.

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Электронный образовательный ресурс «Защита прав потребителей» составлен в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования специальность 32.05.01 Медико-профилактическое дело, утвержденным приказом Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации от 16 января 2017 г. №21 (с изменениями от 13.07.2017 г.), и с учетом требований профессионального стандарта 02.002 «Специалист в области медико-профилактического дела», утвержденного приказом Министерства труда и социальной защиты Российской Федерации от 25 июня 2015 г. №399н. Цель изучения курса - сформировать знания, умения и навыки, необходимые специалисту для работы в области защиты прав потребителей, дать будущим специалистам Роспотребнадзора необходимый и оптимальный объем правовых знаний по вопросам защиты прав потребителей, позволяющий аргументировано принимать решения при организации и осуществлении профессиональной медицинской деятельности, сформировать правосознание и правовую культуру. Задачами дисциплины являются: - обучение основным положениям законов и иных нормативных правовых актов Российской Федерации, регулирующих отношения в области защиты прав потребителей, их толкованию; - обучение теоретическим знаниям об основных принципах, институтах, категориях и современном уровне развития защиты прав потребителей; - обучение определению объема предоставляемой информации об оказываемых услугах, критериях качества и безопасности товаров, работ, услуг, применению механизмов защиты прав потребителей на информацию, а также на качество и безопасность товаров, работ, услуг; - сформировать умение применять нормы гражданского, административного, предпринимательского и иных отраслей права при решении конкретных задач в области защиты прав потребителей; - выработка навыков применения законодательства о защите прав потребителей при осуществлении профессиональной деятельности. Трудоемкость курса составляет 72 часа. Курс состоит из 4 дидактических единиц, в рамках которых рассматривается 18 тем.

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Aprilianti, Ira. Protecting People: Promoting Digital Consumer Rights. Jakarta, Indonesia: Center for Indonesian Policy Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35497/310040.

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Roberts, Tony, Judy Gitahi, Patrick Allam, Lawrence Oboh, Oyewole Oladapo, Gifty Appiah-Adjei, Amira Galal i in. Mapping the Supply of Surveillance Technologies to Africa: Case Studies from Nigeria, Ghana, Morocco, Malawi, and Zambia. Institute of Development Studies, wrzesień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.027.

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African governments are spending over 1US$bn per year on digital surveillance technologies which are being used without adequate legal protections in ways that regularly violate citizens’ fundamental human rights. This report documents which companies, from which countries, are supplying which types of surveillance technology to African governments. Without this missing detail, it is impossible to adequately design measures to mitigate and overcome illegal surveillance and violations of human rights. Since the turn of the century, we have witnessed a digitalisation of surveillance that has enabled the algorithmic automation of surveillance at a scale not previously imaginable. Surveillance of citizens was once a labour and time-intensive process. This provided a practical limit to the scope and depth of state surveillance. The digitalisation of telephony has made it possible to automate the search for keywords across all mobile and internet communications. For the first time, state surveillance agencies can do two things: (a) conduct mass surveillance of all citizens’ communications, and (b) micro-target individuals for in-depth surveillance that draws together in real-time data from mobile calls, short message service (SMS), internet messaging, global positioning system (GPS) location, and financial transactions. This report was produced by qualitative analysis of open-source data in the public domain. The information presented is drawn from a diverse range of sources, including open government data sets, export licence portals, procurement notices, civil society databases of surveillance contracts, press releases from surveillance companies, academic articles, reports, and media coverage. The research is organised using a typology of five categories of surveillance technology. We did not set out to detail every technology available, every company, or every supply contract. Instead, we document the main companies and countries selling digital surveillance technologies to African governments. Rather than focus on the technical functionality distinguishing each product offering, we highlight five of the most important types of surveillance technology: internet interception, mobile interception, social media surveillance, ‘safe city’ technologies for the surveillance of public spaces, and biometric identification technologies.

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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.

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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.

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