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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Rhode Island Authors"
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Brown, BS, Travis, i Paul George, MD, MHPE. "Perceptions of opioid misuse and chronic pain: A qualitative assessment of Rhode Island commercial fishing captains". Journal of Opioid Management 15, nr 2 (1.03.2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2019.0494.
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Objectives: To better understand how the contextual circumstances and lifestyle of commercial fishermen influence their access to healthcare and potentially contribute to the use and misuse of opioids.Methods: The authors conducted in-person, semistructured interviews with 15 full-time fishing captains in Rhode Island between the months of May and July of 2017.Results: The authors identified five major themes: Recurrent patterns of addiction and opiate use among crewmembers; chronic pain and injury as common constructs of life in the fishing industry; insufficient pain management resources; practical barriers to obtaining primary healthcare; and perceived lack of support from state government.Conclusions: Rhode Island commercial fishing captains perceived opioid misuse among crewmembers, work-related chronic pain, and inadequate healthcare access as barriers to sustainability of their industry.
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Frickel, Scott, i Jonathan Tollefson. "When Environmental Inequality Racialized: Historical Evidence from Providence, Rhode Island". Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 8 (styczeń 2022): 237802312211275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231221127541.
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The authors use multiple logistic regression techniques to investigate whether individuals’ occupation, nativity, race, and ethnicity predict residential proximity to large-scale energy infrastructure in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1880 and 1930. Results indicate that in 1880, environmental risks associated with urban energy infrastructure fell most heavily on working-class immigrants; by 1930, those risks disproportionately affected the city’s small population of African American and Latinx residents. Across this 50-year span, environmental inequality racialized such that Providence’s gas lines effectively came to describe the city’s sharpening color line. The article concludes with a discussion of how a historical perspective can help clarify the dynamic relationship between environmental risk and urbanization in the (re)production of racial, ethnic, and economic inequality.
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Nocka, Kristen, Julia Raifman, Christina Crowley, Omar Galárraga, Ira Wilson, Jun Tao, Philip Chan i Philip Chan. "1278. Assessing Statewide HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Implementation Using an All Payer Claims Database". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (październik 2019): S460—S461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1141.
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Abstract Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the form of daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF/FTC) is a potentially transformative tool to prevent HIV infection. However, PrEP scale-up in the United States has been slow and difficult to evaluate comprehensively. All payer claims databases (APCDs) are large datasets that contain information on medical and pharmaceutical claims from most public and private payers in each state, and provide an unusual opportunity to evaluate statewide PrEP implementation efforts. Methods We used 2012–2017 data from Rhode Island’s APCD and developed an algorithm to identify individuals prescribed TDF/FTC for PrEP. We compared APCD PrEP data to electronic medical record (EMR) data at the largest dedicated PrEP program in the state, and to other comprehensive pharmaceutical claims data (AIDSVu.org). We calculated the PrEP-to-Need ratio (PnR) based on annual HIV incidence, and used multivariable logistic regression to predict ZIP code-level PrEP use, and specialty of prescribing provider (primary care vs. infectious disease). Results The Rhode Island APCD included insurance claims for 917,633 individuals (87% of the Rhode Island population). PrEP use increased substantially in Rhode Island over the 5-year period, from 13 to 331 prescriptions between 2012 and 2017, with 546 total users during this time period. Users were predominantly male (89%) and privately insured (69.1%), and concentrated in Providence County (71.5%). The PnR ratio increased from 0.2 to 4.0 from 2012–2017. Compared with AIDSVu and EMR Data, the APCD underestimated the number of PrEP users in Rhode Island, but improved over time in documenting users. Infectious diseases specialists had 8.4 times the odds (95% CI: 5.4 to 12.9) of being a PrEP prescriber compared with primary care providers. A total of 2.6% of infectious disease specialists were PrEP prescribers compared with 0.33% of PCPs. The proportion of Black or Hispanic individuals in a ZIP-code was not a significant predictor of PrEP use. Conclusion APCDs offer an innovative approach to evaluate statewide PrEP implementation comprehensively. Engaging PCPs in PrEP implementation is critical to improve overall uptake among populations most at-risk. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Lamoreaux, Naomi R., i Christopher Glaisek. "Vehicles of Privilege or Mobility? Banks in Providence, Rhode Island, during the Age of Jackson". Business History Review 65, nr 3 (1991): 502–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116766.
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Were banks in the Jacksonian era merely bastions of privilege or were they vehicles of upward mobility for those without capital? The authors attempt to answer these questions by analyzing changes in the wealthholdings of directors of banks in Providence, Rhode Island, during the period 1830 to 1845. They find that bank charters granted in the 1830s did tend to benefit men with relatively little property and that they provided a rising group of entrepreneurs with the financial wherewithal to challenge the established elite.
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Espich, Scott, Daniel Weinberger, Diane Mancini, Janna Brancato, Giyoung Lee, Fredua Akosa, Thomas Warcup i Peter J. Krause. "762. Climate Change and the Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi over 25 Years in Rhode Island". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1.10.2020): S427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.952.
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Abstract Background The Ixodes scapularis tick (deer tick or black-legged tick) is the primary vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Climatic conditions, specifically temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall, have been shown to affect I. scapularis tick densities. We hypothesized that temperature and moisture correlate with the frequency of human Lyme disease. Methods We have carried out a biannual B. burgdorferi serosurvey on Block island, Rhode Island over the past 25 years using a standard B. burgdorferi two-tier ELISA and Western blot assay. Residents of the Island were invited to participate and we only used first visit results. We analyzed B. burgdorferi seroprevalence and weather pattern trends (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) among a cohort of 2,439 Block Island residents over the past 25 years. Results During the months in which ticks are active, we found that both temperature and relative humidity increased on Block Island over the past 25 years (p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively). We also found that the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi on the Island increased over the course of the study (p< 0.01), and that increased temperature and moisture in a given season is associated with increased B. burgdorferi seroprevalence in the following season. For example, we found that every inch increase in total rainfall in a given season was associated with a 2% (95% CI 1.01-1.03) increase in the odds of B. burgdorferi seropositivity during the following season. Similarly, we found that every degree Fahrenheit increase in temperature in the spring was associated with a 2% (95% CI 1.02-1.03) increase in the odds of seropositivity in the fall. Conclusion We conclude that increasing temperature and moisture are associated with increased frequency of B. burgdorferi infection in humans. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Zimmerman, Mark, Iwona Chelminski, Kristy Dalrymple i Jacob Martin. "Screening for Bipolar Disorder and Finding Borderline Personality Disorder: A Replication and Extension". Journal of Personality Disorders 33, nr 4 (sierpień 2019): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_357.
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The authors’ group previously reported that patients who screened positive on the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ), the most frequently studied screening scale for bipolar disorder, were as likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) as with bipolar disorder. A limitation of that study was that the authors examined the performance of the MDQ in patients presenting for various psychiatric disorders, including depression. The recognition of bipolar disorder and its differential diagnosis with BPD is of greatest clinical relevance in depressed patients. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, the authors attempted to replicate their initial findings in a new sample of psychiatric outpatients, and they also examined the performance of the MDQ in depressed patients. The results of the present study were consistent with the original report, thereby indicating that the MDQ is not effective in helping distinguish bipolar disorder from BPD.
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Pandita, Aakriti, Fizza S. Gillani, Yiyun Shi, Anna hardesty, Jad Aridi, Meghan McCarthy, Silvia Chiang i Curt Beckwith. "518. Factors Associated with Severe COVID-19 among Patients Hospitalized in Rhode Island". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1.10.2020): S324—S325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.712.
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Abstract Background To better understand patient factors that impact clinical outcomes in COVID-19, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Rhode Island to identify patient and clinical characteristics associated with severe disease. Methods We analyzed 259 patients admitted to our academic medical center during a three month period with confirmed COVID-19. Clinical data was extracted via chart review and lab results within the first 24 hours of admission were extracted directly from electronic medical records. Patients were divided in two groups based upon the highest level of supplemental oxygen (O2) required during hospitalization: severe COVID-19 (high flow O2, non-invasive, or invasive mechanical ventilation) and non-severe COVID-19 (low flow O2 or no supplemental O2). SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) was used for statistical analyses. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and the Student’s t-test for continuous variables were used to compare demographics, baseline comorbidities, and clinical data between the severe and non-severe groups. Table 1: Demographics Results Of 259 patients, 166 (64%) had non-severe disease, and 93 (36%) severe disease; median age [IQR] was 62 [51,73]. There were 138(53%) males and 75 (29%) Hispanics. Among non-Hispanics,124(48%) were White, 48(19%) African Americans, and 12(5%) other races. Sixty (23%) were admitted from a nursing facility and the in-hospital mortality rate was 15% (38/259). Severe COVID-19 was associated with older age (p=0.02), admission from nursing facility (p=0.009), increased BMI (p=0.03), diabetes mellitus (p=0.0002), and COPD (p=0.03). At the time of presentation, severe COVID-19 was associated with tachypnea, hypoxia, hypotension (all p< 0.0001), elevated BUN (p=0.002) and AST (p=0.001), and acute or chronic kidney injury (p=0.01). Median hospital stay [IQR] was 11 days [7,18] in the severe vs. 6 days [3,11] in the non-severe group. In the severe group, 72% required ICU admission and 39% died. Table 2: Medical comorbidities Table 3: Presenting symptoms and signs in the first 48 hours of admission Table 4: Basic labs in the first 24 hours Conclusion In this cohort of patients with COVID-19, specific comorbidities, and vital signs at presentation were associated with severe COVID-19. These findings help clinicians with early identification and triage of high risk patients. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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McKenzie, MPH, Michelle, Amy Nunn, MS, ScD, Nickolas D. Zaller, PhD, Alexander R. Bazazi, BA i Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH. "Overcoming obstacles to implementing methadone maintenance therapy for prisoners: Implications for policy and practice". Journal of Opioid Management 5, nr 4 (29.01.2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2009.0024.
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More than 2.4 million people are currently incarcerated in the United States, many as a result of drugrelated offenses. In addition, more than 200,000 active heroin addicts pass through the correctional system annually. New evidence suggests that both providing prisoners with referrals for community-based methadone programs and providing methadone prior to release reduces recidivism and adverse health and social consequences associated with drug use. This article reports the programmatic challenges associated with initiating methadone treatment in the Rhode Island correctional system. Significant obstacles to implementing methadone treatment include: stigma associated with pharmacological treatment, misconceptions regarding the nature of opioid addiction, logistics of control and storage of methadone, increased work load for nursing staff, and general safety and control concerns. The authors discuss strategies to address these barriers and conclude that providing methadone prior to inmate release is a feasible intervention with the potential to mitigate drugrelated health and social harms.
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Nguyen, Son, Alicia T. Lamere, Alan Olinsky i John Quinn. "The Effects of Sampling Methods on Machine Learning Models for Predicting Long-term Length of Stay". International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 6, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrsda.2019070103.
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The ability to predict the patients with long-term length of stay (LOS) can aid a hospital's admission management, maintain effective resource utilization and provide a high quality of inpatient care. Hospital discharge data from the Rhode Island Department of Health from the time period between 2010 to 2013 reveals that inpatients with long-term stays, i.e. two weeks or more, costs about six times more than those with short stays while only accounting for 4.7% of the inpatients. With the imbalance in the distribution of long-stay patients and short-stay patients, predicting long-term LOS patients becomes an imbalanced classification problem. Sampling methods—balancing the data before fitting it to a traditional classification model—offer a simple approach to the problem. In this work, the authors propose a new resampling method called RUBIES which provides superior predictive ability when compared to other commonly used sampling techniques.
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McCarthy, Meghan L., Rebecca Reece, Sara E. Vargas, Jennie Johnson, Jennifer Adelson-Mitty i Timothy P. Flanigan. "613. Lessons learned from a Rhode Island academic out-patient Lyme and tick-borne disease clinic". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (1.10.2020): S367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.807.
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Abstract Background Although the prevalence of tick-borne diseases (TBD) continues to increase, there remains significant confusion regarding treatment for Lyme and other TBDs. We conducted a chart review of all new patients that came to an academic center for Lyme and TBDs. We then initiated a quality improvement project for feedback from a small subset of patients with Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Methods Charts of patients visiting the clinic between March and November 2018 were reviewed. Data abstracted from the electronic health record included demographics, laboratory and clinical data. A small subset of patients who reported a history of Lyme and at least 6 months of symptoms after antibiotic treatment were enrolled in a phone survey to evaluate their experience with treatment for PTLDS. Results Symptoms most commonly seen in 218 new patients included fatigue (66.5%), joint pain (58.2%), cognitive difficulty (32.1%), headache (27.9%) and sleep disturbance (27.5%). 87% had already received tick-borne disease directed antibiotic treatment. Over half (60.5%) of patients report having symptoms for more than 6 months. More than half of patients (54.8%) who had more than 6 months of Lyme-related symptoms had positive serological testing. Common themes identified in the 16 phone surveys of patients with PTLDS conducted so far included significant frustration related to the dismissive attitudes from medical professionals (n=9/16), and many sought alternative or complementary therapies (n=11/16). Six patients reported receiving very long-term antibiotic regimens from other Lyme specialists. Many patients expressed satisfaction with the visit and medical advice even in the absence of curative therapy (n=9/16), although a significant number continued to seek care elsewhere (n=6/16). Conclusion More than half of new patients reported symptoms lasting more than 6 months after targeted antibiotic therapy. Further research is needed to develop interventions for the common symptoms of fatigue, joint pain, cognitive difficulty and sleep disturbance. Treatments to improve sleep, diet, and physical activity and decrease inflammation among patients who suffer from PTLDS are needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
Książki na temat "Rhode Island Authors"
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O'Dowd, Sarah C. A Rhode Island original: Frances Harriet Whipple Green McDougall. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2004.
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The Yankee Yorkshireman: Migration lived and imagined. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
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Traveller. London: Sphere, 2007.
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McLarty, Ron. Retour à Providence: Roman. Paris: Librairie générale française, 2011.
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McLarty, Ron. Traveler. New York: Viking, 2007.
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Aylward, Susan. Rhode Island's David Plante: A writer always worth reading. [S.l.]: The Author, 2002.
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John, Updike. The widows of Eastwick. London: Hamish Hamilton, 2008.
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Updike, John. The witches of Eastwick. New York: Fawcett Crest, 1987.
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John, Updike. The witches of Eastwick. New York: Ballantine Books, 1985.
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John, Updike. The witches of Eastwick: A novel. New York: Ballantine Books, 2008.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Rhode Island Authors"
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&, Cohen. "New England". W America's Scientific Treasures, 1–63. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197545508.003.0001.
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The chapter “New England” explains about scientific and technological sites of adult interest in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, including the American Clock and Watch Museum, the Desert of Maine, Harvard Museums of Science and Culture, America’s Stonehenge, Slater Mill, and the Fairbanks Museum and Planetarium. The traveler is provided with essential information, including addresses, telephone numbers, hours of entry, handicapped access, dining facilities, dates open and closed, available public transportation, and websites. Nearly every site included here has been visited by the authors. Although written with scientists in mind, this book is for anyone who likes to travel and visit places of historical and scientific interest. Included are photographs of many sites within each state.
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Gardner, Catherine Villanueva, Joannah Portman-Daley, Jeannette E. Riley i Kathleen M. Torrens. "Supporting Sustained Faculty Engagement in Blended Learning". W Handbook of Research on Faculty Development for Digital Teaching and Learning, 17–35. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8476-6.ch002.
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Faculty professional development in higher education, especially at the intersections of pedagogy and technology, is an essential need given rapid, ongoing changes in technology, as well as the digital learning experiences students bring to college that inform how they learn and how they want to learn. This chapter outlines the implementation of faculty development programs at UMass Dartmouth and the University of Rhode Island that have positively impacted blended teaching and learning practices. The authors discuss best practices of blended learning training courses that can transform faculty thinking about course (re)design and student learning assessment, as well as the need for strong faculty peer mentorship programs to create a culture of collaboration, mentorship, and assessment focused on student retention and learning. As the authors conclude, there is a need for concurrent, intentional faculty development programming, and peer mentoring in order to improve student learning outcomes in the blended learning environment.
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Erdoğan, Nevnihal. "Love in Symi-An Aegean Romance/ Kos-Symi Rhodes". W Architecture in Contemporary Literature, 175–81. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815165166123010023.
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Love in Symi is a nouvelle that flows in the background of the hopeless love between the “X” generation and the “Y” generation people, the heartsore love held captive by technology in an original architectural setting. The author is Hikmet Temel Aksu, a writer who has studied architecture. With its main story reflecting the emotions of the chivalry era, set in the Greek Dodecanese Islands of Kos, Symi, and Rhodes, Love in Symi occurs on a plateau with Mediterranean architecture as the background. The protagonist of the story is Elsa and the author himself. The work tells a bittersweet love story, as well as the architecture of the Greek islands, with a touristic feeling and journey. The journey starts from the island of Kos, across from Bodrum. The uniqueness of Hippocrates's living here, the island finds its place with beautiful beaches, monasteries built on high hills, gastronomic restaurants, and intense architectural descriptions. The second island, Symi, is considered the most striking in architecture and the most unique among other islands. It is one of the most beautiful examples of island architecture, with the settlement of the city on steep volcanic hills, its houses with white window pediments painted in orange and yellow on the outside, and its characteristic stone architecture. The island of Rhodes, the last island mentioned in the novel, immerses the reader in the atmosphere of the place with intense architectural depictions. Two or three of the giant cruise ships can simultaneously anchor in the port of Rhodes, which is surrounded by a medieval castle, and on the UNESCO cultural heritage list. Since it is one of the main attractions of such a busy tourism industry, the criticism regarding the brutal mistreatment of Rhodes's historical architecture is also notable in the nouvelle.
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Kabat, Julie. "Brief Interlude". W Love Letter from Pig, 175–77. University Press of Mississippi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496847232.003.0024.
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This chapter details the author's Christmas break, which she spent with her boyfriend, Al Schwartz, and his family at their home in Queens. Al's mother, Lena, belonged to a large Sephardic family that had immigrated from Turkey in the early 1900s. His family embraced a more traditional, religious view of Judaism than the author's did. The common thread that linked their families was food; Al's mother served up an endless array of Turkish delicacies. The author then took the train up to Rhode Island and reconnected with her brother, Luke, by phone. He painted a picture of what happened to him in Mississippi.
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Lutz, Amy S. F. "Just Say Yes". W We Walk, 65–82. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751394.003.0005.
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This chapter mentions the pharma CBD oral spray, which the author saw on her Facebook feed that had allegedly caused a nine-year-old autistic Puerto Rican boy to utter his first words. It refers to Marie Myung-Ok Lee of Rhode Island, who published a four-part series on Slate about why she decided to give her nine-year-old marijuana. It also speculates whether CBD might help Jonah with the myoclonic seizures he had been experiencing with increasing frequency. The chapter recounts antiseizure drugs that had been prescribed to Jonah as a young child to control his mood but had terrible side effects, such as rapid weight gain. It talks about Jennifer Abbanat, who has been treating her fourteen-year-old son with various cannabis products for several years.
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Douglas, Angela E. "February 7, 2021". W Nature on the Doorstep, 195–200. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501768118.003.0047.
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This chapter recounts how the Ithaca Voice alerted the citizens to expect a Miller Type B nor'easter. Type B, as designated by J. E. Miller in 1946, starts up as a depression inland. When this low pressure hits the Appalachians and weakens, it somehow creates a second depression to the east near the coast. That week's Miller B lasted from Sunday lunchtime to Wednesday lunchtime. Just as the author hunkered down for the three days in their house, the birds and the squirrels hunkered down in tree holes and in the middle of large bushes. However, small birds cannot just sit out a long snowstorm; they have to find something to eat every day. Surviving the winter is all about getting calories to fuel the muscle central heating. The author then details the Bumpus event that happened to a flock of English sparrows in the vines of the old library at Brown University in the state of Rhode Island in 1898. The sparrows were picked by Hermon Carey Bumpus, professor of comparative anatomy and renowned for his obsession with shooting and stuffing animals. Over the subsequent century and more, bird statisticians have pored over the Bumpus sparrow data.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Rhode Island Authors"
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Maloney, Kenneth J., David M. Bourg, Kenneth F. Humphreys i Christopher M. Townsend. "An Analysis of Alternatives for the Development of Jones Act Compliant Windfarm Construction Vessel Fleets". W ASME 2018 1st International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2018-1021.
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The typical offshore wind turbine generator (WTG) currently being installed worldwide produces 6 to 8 megawatts of electrical power and stands more than 100 meters above the ocean surface. The next generation turbines will produce 12 megawatts or more. In the summer of 2016 five of these turbines were installed in the coastal waters of Rhode Island. They are representative of the latest in a constantly evolving series of WTGs. As manufacturers continue to develop more powerful turbines, larger and larger specialized vessels will be needed to lift the components at assembly sites offshore. The process these vessels use to build America’s offshore windfarms will need to be different from the approach normally used at sites outside the U.S. This is due in part to regulatory restrictions imposed by the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, which is more commonly known as the Jones Act. As it pertains to offshore windfarm construction, the Jones Act prohibits foreign-flagged vessels, (vessels built outside the United States) from moving cargo between two U.S. ports. Under the law, an offshore windfarm within territorial waters is considered a U.S. port. Therefore, employing a foreign built windfarm construction vessel to transport components from a nearby port to the construction site, as it typically does, violates the Jones Act. Although the Jones Act might appear to be a deterrent to the development of offshore wind in the U.S., it is not. The developers of the Rhode Island’s Block Island Wind Farm (BIWF) used a combination of U.S. and foreign-flagged vessels to construct BIWF, while remaining in compliance with the law. This paper reviews the approach used at Block Island and discusses how it can be applied to future projects. An analysis of alternatives for various vessel fleet combinations that can be used for this purpose is provided. The analysis is based on results produced by a throughput and scheduling model developed by the authors. The model leverages the experience gained during the construction of BIWF, and was validated with data collected during the project. The alternatives include scenarios utilizing existing vessels modified for windfarm construction service, foreign-flagged windfarm construction vessels, and new vessels specifically built for the U.S. market. The paper concludes with a review of the relative efficiencies of various fleet configurations while undertaking the construction of a notional windfarm located off the East Coast of the U.S.
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Guzas, Emily L., Stephen E. Turner, Matthew Babina, Brandon Casper, Thomas N. Fetherston i Joseph M. Ambrico. "Validation of a Surrogate Model for Marine Mammal Lung Dynamics Under Underwater Explosive Impulse". W ASME 2019 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2019-5143.
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Abstract Primary blast injury (PBI), which relates gross blast-related trauma or traces of injury in air-filled tissues or those tissues adjacent to air-filled regions (rupture/lesions, contusions, hemorrhaging), has been documented in a number of marine mammal species after blast exposure [1, 2, 3]. However, very little is known about marine mammal susceptibility to PBI except in rare cases of opportunistic studies. As a result, traditional techniques rely on analyses using small-scale terrestrial mammals as surrogates for large-scale marine mammals. For an In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), researchers at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport (NUWCDIVNPT), have undertaken a broad 3-year effort to integrate computational fluid-structure interaction techniques with marine mammal anatomical structure. The intent is to numerically simulate the dynamic response of a marine mammal thoracic cavity and air-filled lungs to shock loading, to enhance understanding of marine mammal lungs to shock loading in the underwater environment. In the absence of appropriate test data from live marine mammals, a crucial part of this work involves code validation to test data for a suitable surrogate test problem. This research employs a surrogate of an air-filled spherical membrane structure subjected to shock loading as a first order approximation to understanding marine mammal lung response to underwater explosions (UNDEX). This approach incrementally improves upon the currently used one-dimensional spherical air bubble approximation to marine mammal lung response by providing an encapsulating boundary for the air. The encapsulating structure is membranous, with minimal simplified representation not accounting for marine mammal species-specific and individual animal differences in tissue composition, rib mechanics, and mechanical properties of interior lung tissue. NUWCDIVNPT partnered with the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL) to design and execute a set of experiments to investigate the shock response of an air-filled rubber dodgeball in a shallow underwater environment. These tests took place in the 2.13 m (7-ft) diameter pressure tank at the University of Rhode Island, with test measurements including pressure data and digital image correlation (DIC) data captured with high-speed cameras in a stereo setup. The authors developed 3-dimensional computational models of the dodgeball experiments using Dynamic System Mechanics Advanced Simulation (DYSMAS), a Navy fluid-structure interaction code. DYSMAS models of a variety of different problems involving submerged pressure vessel structures responding to hydrostatic and/or UNDEX loading have been validated against test data [4]. Proper validation of fluid structure interaction simulations is quite challenging, requiring measurements in both the fluid and structure domains. This paper details the development of metrics for comparison between test measurements and simulation results, with a discussion of potential sources of uncertainty.