Artykuły w czasopismach: „Rhineland (Germany) – History”

1

ROOS, JULIA. "Racist Hysteria to Pragmatic Rapprochement? The German Debate about Rhenish ‘Occupation Children’, 1920–30". Contemporary European History 22, nr 2 (4.04.2013): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000039.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThis essay revisits 1920s German debates over the illegitimate children of the Rhineland occupation to examine hitherto neglected fluctuations in the relationship between nationalism and racism in Weimar Germany. During the early 1920s, nationalist anxieties focused on the alleged racial ‘threats’ emanating from the mixed-race children of colonial French soldiers. After 1927, plans for the forced sterilisation and deportation of the mixed-race children were dropped; simultaneously, officials began to support German mothers’ paternity suits against French soldiers. This hitherto neglected shift in German attitudes towards the ‘Rhineland bastards’ sheds new light on the role of debates over gender and the family in the process of Franco–German rapprochement. It also enhances our understanding of the contradictory political potentials of popularised foreign policy discourses about women's and children's victimisation emerging from World War I.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

2

Naumov, Aleksandr O. "Moscow's Position on the Remilitarization of the Rhineland". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, nr 4 (2022): 1199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2022.410.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The article examines the problem of the remilitarization of the Rhineland by Nazi Germany in March 1936 through the prism of the perception of this event in the Soviet military and political-diplomatic circles. Special attention is paid to the analysis of archival materials introduced into scholarly circulation for the first time, allowing a new look at the position of the USSR during the development of crisis trends in the Versailles system of international relations. The author comes to the conclusion that the Rhineland crisis played a crucial role in changing the balance of power in Europe, dramatically strengthening the position of Nazi Germany and weakening the position of France. Great Britain, after the remilitarization of the Rhineland, embarked on the path of appeasing the aggressors. In fact, this event was the starting point of the crisis of the interwar order, which eventually led to the outbreak of World War II. Surrendering one position after another and making concessions to Hitler’s Germany, Great Britain and France were unable to achieve their main goal – to prevent a new world war, only strengthening the confidence of European dictators in the expediency of achieving their goals by force. In these difficult conditions, as archival documents show, there was a clear understanding in Moscow how dangerous the development of destructive events in European politics was. When forming its own foreign policy line, the Kremlin objectively assessed both the true intentions of the Hitler regime and the essence of the foreign policy maneuvers of Western democracies.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

3

Hoffmann, Jürgen. "Co-ordinated Continental European Market Economies Under Pressure From Globalisation: Germany's “Rhineland capitalism”". German Law Journal 5, nr 8 (1.08.2004): 985–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013018.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

[Editors’ Note: The 22 July 2004 acquittals of all six defendants in the criminal proceedings against former Mannesmann CEO, Klaus Esser; Deutsche Bank's CEO (Vorstandssprecher) and then Member of Mannesmann's supervisory board, Josef Ackermann, and other members of Mannesmann's Supervisory Board have, once more, highlighted to German, European and International observers the particular features of law and politics in “Germany Inc.”, “Rhenish Capitalism”, or “Rhineland Capitalism”. As begun in the aftermath of Josef Ackermann's inthronization at the head of Deutsche Bank and Ackermann's subsequent transformation of the Board's control structure, German Law Journal has published several contributions to the ongoing changes in German corporate governance and its embeddedness within the specific German economic and legal system. In his fine piece, Jürgen Hoffmann, Professor of Sociology in Hamburg, surveys the current interdisciplinary debate over the future fate of so-called Rhineland Capitalism and reconstructs Germany's recent history in an international context. In the next issue, to be published on 1 September 2004, Professor Christopher Allen of the University of Georgia will further deepen this inquiry and place the contemporary debate over the possible end of Rhineland capitalism in the historical context of Germany's development in the 20th Century. The Editors of German Law Journal are very pleased and honored to be able to provide for a further forum for this important debate, bringing together lawyers, economists, political scientists and sociologists, for a much needed exploration of the historical and political origins as well as of the legal framework of Germany's much critizised and, at the same time, ardently praised system of corporate governance and industrial relations. We invite our readers to contribute to this debate, which has so far found too little resonance in Germany itself. The Editors.]

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

4

Roos, Julia. "The Race to Forget? Bi-racial Descendants of the First Rhineland Occupation in 1950s West German Debates about the Children of African American GIs*". German History 37, nr 4 (12.10.2019): 517–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghz081.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract After the First World War, the German children of colonial French soldiers stationed in the Rhineland became a focal point of nationalist anxieties over ‘racial pollution’. In 1937, the Nazis subjected hundreds of biracial Rhenish children to compulsory sterilization. After 1945, colonial French soldiers and African American GIs participating in the occupation of West Germany left behind thousands of out-of-wedlock children. In striking contrast to the open vilification of the first (1920s) generation of biracial occupation children, post-1945 commentators emphasized the need for the racial integration of the children of black GIs. Government agencies implemented new programmes protecting the post-1945 cohort against racial discrimination, yet refused restitution to biracial Rhenish Germans sterilized by the Nazis. The contrasts between the experiences of the two generations of German descendants of occupation soldiers of colour underline the complicated ways in which postwar ruptures in racial discourse coexisted with certain long-term continuities in antiblack racism, complicating historians’ claims of ‘Americanization’ of post-1945 German racial attitudes.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

5

Roos, Julia. "An Afro-German Microhistory: Gender, Religion, and the Challenges of Diasporic Dwelling". Central European History 49, nr 2 (czerwiec 2016): 240–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000340.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThis article traces the biography of an Afro-German woman born during the 1920s Rhineland occupation to examine the peculiarities of the black German diaspora, as well as potential connections between these peculiarities and larger trends in the history of German colonialism and racism. “Erika Diekmann” was born in Worms in 1920. Her mother was a German citizen, her father a Senegalese French soldier. Separated from her birth mother at a young age, Erika spent her youth and early adulthood in a school for Christian Arab girls in Jerusalem run by the Protestant order of the Kaiserswerth Deaconesses (KaiserswertherDiakonissen). After World War II, Erika returned to West Germany, but in 1957, she emigrated to the United States, along with her (white) German husband and four children. Erika's story offers unique opportunities for studying Afro-German women's active strategies of making Germany their “home.” It underlines the complicated role of conventional female gender prescriptions in processes of interracial family-building. The centrality of religion to Erika's social relationships significantly enhances our understanding of the complexity of German attitudes toward national belonging and race during the first half of the twentieth century.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

6

Rowe, Michael. "France, Prussia, or Germany? The Napoleonic Wars and Shifting Allegiances in the Rhineland". Central European History 39, nr 4 (grudzień 2006): 611–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906000203.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The following article focuses on the Rhineland, and more specifically, the region on the left (or west) bank of the Rhine bounded in the north and west by the Low Countries and France. This German-speaking region was occupied by the armies of revolutionary France after 1792. De jure annexation followed the Treaty of Lunéville (1801), and French rule lasted until 1814. Most of the Rhineland was awarded in 1815 to Prussia and remained a constituent part until after the Second World War. The Rhineland experienced Napoleonic rule first hand. Its four departments—the Roër, Rhin-et-Moselle, Sarre, and Mont-Tonnerre—were treated like the others in metropolitan France, and it is this status that makes the region distinct in German-speaking Europe. This had consequences both in the Napoleonic period and in the century that followed the departure of the last French soldier. This alone would constitute sufficient reason for studying the region. More broadly, however, the Rhenish experience in the French period sheds light on the much broader phenomena of state formation and nation building. Before 1792, the Rhenish political order appeared in many respects a throwback to the late Middle Ages. Extreme territorial fragmentation, city states, church states, and mini states distinguished its landscape. These survived the early-modern period thanks in part to Great Power rivalry and the protective mantle provided by the Holy Roman Empire. Then, suddenly, came rule by France which, in the form of the First Republic and Napoleon's First Empire, represented the most demanding state the world had seen up to that point. This state imposed itself on a region unused to big government. It might be thought that bitter confrontation would have resulted. Yet, and here is a paradox this article wishes to address, many aspects of French rule gained acceptance in the region, and defense of the Napoleonic legacy formed a component of the “Rhenish” identity that came into being in the nineteenth century.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

7

Brownlee, David B. ""Neugriechisch/Néo-Grec:" The German Vocabulary of French Romantic Architecture". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 50, nr 1 (1.03.1991): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990543.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The enigmatic term néo-grec, attached to the architecture and architectural thinking of mid-nineteenth-century France, seems to have been born in Germany. There, in the first years of the century, neugriechisch was used to describe the Byzantine-influenced Romanesque architecture of the Rhineland. Ludovic Vitet, soon to be named Inspecteur général des Monuments historiques, learned about this terminology in 1829, when he toured Germany and met with Sulpiz Boisserée, the antiquarian who had invented it. Vitet translated the term and took it home, along with the romantic view of history that it embodied.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

8

Wright, Jonathan. "Stresemann and Locarno". Contemporary European History 4, nr 2 (lipiec 1995): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300003350.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The significance of the Locarno treaties remains one of the central issues of the interwar period. Did they mark, as Austen Chamberlain claimed, ‘the real dividing line between the years of war and the years of peace’ or were they, at best, a truce masking the incompatible ambitions of France and Germany and, at worst, a first act of appeasement by which France and Britain obtained security for the Rhineland at the expense of Poland and Czechoslovakia? A different approach is offered by economic history: from this perspective the significant events are seen as the defeat of the French occupation of the Ruhr and the acceptance of the Dawes Plan in July 1924. France had to abandon its attempt to break the power of German industry and had to accept the British and American view that European peace required German economic recovery. The Locarno treaties may be seen simply as the best arrangements that France could make for its security following this decisive defeat.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

9

Deter, Gerhard. "Agrarrechtsgeschichte – ein konstitutiver Gegenstand der Erforschung landschaftsbezogener Rechtsgemeinschaften". Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 140, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 456–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2023-0015.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Summary Ever since regional history has developed as an independent discipline alongside national/state history, the historical landscape has been seen independent of the boundaries of the 19th century. By elaborating the legal phenomena of a historical landscape, legal historians can also contribute substantially to the goals of historical regional studies. With his dissertation discussed here, Esser takes up the problem of the so-called ground release as part of the agrarian reforms or peasants’ liberation at the beginning of the 19th century, which, however, he examines only within the boundaries of one West German territory, the Duchy of Julich. Thus, he misses the opportunity to embed his subject in the larger framework of the landscape-based legal community of the Rhineland. Nevertheless, his account makes an important contribution to the study of land release as part of the agrarian reforms in Germany.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

10

Grünewald, Martin, i Florian Schimikowski. "Eastern Bloc Agents in West Germany". Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 10, nr 2 (15.04.2024): 192–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jca.25281.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This paper highlights how contemporary archaeology can contribute to our knowledge of contemporary history, in a case where written sources no longer exist and any surviving protagonists either will not or cannot divulge what they know. Its focus is on a Soviet spy radio from the last years of the Cold War which was discovered during a recent archaeological excavation in Germany’s Rhineland. The radio was probably produced in 1987 and was soon afterwards concealed in woodland, most likely by someone working for Soviet military intelligence, the GRU. The findspot is close to various Cold War military installations involving nuclear weapons, and the radio would have enabled the swift transmission of military information into the Eastern Bloc that would have been useful in the event of war. As rare archaeological evidence of espionage, the radio can also help us to understand continuities between the Cold War and the present time.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

11

Allen, Christopher S. "Ideas, Institutions and the Exhaustion ofModell Deutschland?" German Law Journal 5, nr 9 (1.09.2004): 1133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013122.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

[Editors’ Note: This is the fourth consecutive article published in German Law Journal since July 2004 that is dedicated to the ongoing debate over the fate and prospects of the German model of Capitalism, welfare policy and corporate governance. The 22 July 2004 acquittals of all six defendants in the criminal proceedings against former Mannesmann CEO, Klaus Esser; Deutsche Bank's CEO (Vorstandssprecher) and then Member of Mannesmann's supervisory board, Josef Ackermann, and other members of Mannesmann's Supervisory Board have, once more, highlighted to German, European and International observers the particular features of law and politics in “Germany Inc.”, “Rhenish Capitalism”, or “Rhineland Capitalism”. As begun in the aftermath of Josef Ackermann's inthronization at the head of Deutsche Bank in May 2002 (exactly two years and two months before his acquittal before theLandgerichtDüsseldorf) and Ackermann's subsequent transformation of the Board's control structure,German Law Journalhas published several contributions to the ongoing changes in German corporate governance and its embeddedness within the specific German economic and legal system (seehttp://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=156). In the Journals July issue, Peter Kolla, a law student of Osgoode Hall Law School of York University in Toronto, meticulously traced the background debates to the closely observed criminal proceedings in the Mannesmann aftermath (http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=460), and in our August issue, Jürgen Hoffmann, Professor of Sociology in Hamburg, surveyed the current interdisciplinary debate over the future fate of so-called Rhineland Capitalism and reconstructed Germany's recent history in an international context of globalization and privatisation (http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=485). Also in the August issue, Max Rolshoven, writing his Ph.D. in law at the University of Münster, offered a first assessment of the acquittals in the Mannesmann case (http://www.germanlawjournal.com/article.php?id=480). In the article, published here, Professor Christopher Allen of the University of Georgia further deepens this inquiry from an economic point of view, while placing the contemporary debate over the possible end of Rhineland capitalism in the historical context of Germany's development in the 20th Century. The Editors ofGerman Law Journalare very pleased and honored to be able to provide for a further forum for this important debate, bringing together lawyers, economists, political scientists and sociologists, for a much needed exploration of the historical and political origins as well as of the legal framework of Germany's much critizised and, at the same time, ardently praised system of corporate governance and industrial relations. We invite our readers to contribute to this debate, which has so far found too little resonance in Germany itself.The Editors.]

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

12

Diefendorf, Jeffry M., i T. C. W. Blanning. "The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland, 1792-1802". American Historical Review 90, nr 1 (luty 1985): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1860826.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

13

Roos, J. "The Propaganda War in the Rhineland: Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation after World War I". German History 32, nr 1 (24.10.2013): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ght082.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

14

ENGLUND, STEVEN. "MONSTRE SACRÉ:THE QUESTION OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM AND THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE". Historical Journal 51, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 215–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x07006656.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

ABSTRACTThis review considers, first, current work on the Napoleonic Empire dealing with Switzerland, the three parts of ‘Germany’ (the Rhineland, the ‘Third Germany’, Prussia), Spain, and the so-called ‘national’ question(s) in these countries and regions. It next focuses on recent work on the three parts of ‘Italy’ (the Kingdom of Italy, the départements réunis, and the Kingdom of Naples). But the main body of the review concentrates on the work of Michael Broers: not only his new and remarkable conceptualization of the Empire as containing ‘inner’, ‘outer’, and ‘intermediate’ zones, but also his creative if controversial application of post-modern colonial theory to an analysis of the French in Italy. The review suggests that Broers, for all his brilliance and mastery, has perhaps pressed his arguments and conclusion beyond his evidence base. The latter, while extensive, is too limited to just French perceptions of Italians before 1815, and does not extensively consider Italian reactions to the French presence; nor does it provide significant evidence to buttress Broers's far-reaching conclusions about nineteenth- and twentieth-century Italy.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

15

Koshar, Rudy, i Lynn Abrams. "Workers' Culture in Imperial Germany: Leisure and Recreation in the Rhineland and Westphalia". Labour / Le Travail 36 (1995): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144004.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

16

van de Schoor, Rob. "“Ignatio atque immo Deo volente”: Canisius's Tertia probatio in Rome and His Mission to Sicily". Church History and Religious Culture 88, nr 1 (2008): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124108x316440.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractCanisius's first mission to Sicily (1548-49), where he taught at the Jesuit college in Messina, can be seen as the culmination of the tertia probatio that he had undergone in Rome under Ignatius of Loyola. During that period, he had been trained and groomed by Ignatius, who had made him toe the Jesuit line through obedience and detachment. Just how the young man felt about all this is uncertain, although there are passages in his letters indicating that he found the various rites de passage difficult to bear. He in fact failed to achieve full detachment, for his love for his native Germany (in particular the lower Rhineland), could not be stifled. Ignatius then made a virtue of necessity by calling Canisius back from Sicily and sending him to Ingolstadt.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

17

Sanuy, Delfi, Christoph Leskovar, Neus Oromi i Ulrich Sinsch. "Demographic life history traits of reproductive natterjack toads (Bufo calamita) vary between northern and southern latitudes". Amphibia-Reptilia 27, nr 3 (2006): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853806778189918.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractDemographic life history traits were investigated in three Bufo calamita populations in Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate: Urmitz, 50°N; 1998-2000) and Spain (Catalonia: Balaguer, Mas de Melons, 41°N; 2004). We used skeletochronology to estimate the age as number of lines of arrested growth in breeding adults collected during the spring breeding period (all localities) and during the summer breeding period (only Urmitz). A data set including the variables sex, age and size of 185 males and of 87 females was analyzed with respect to seven life history traits (age and size at maturity of the youngest first breeders, age variation in first breeders, longevity, potential reproductive lifespan, median lifespan, age-size relationship). Spring and summer cohorts at the German locality differed with respect to longevity and potential reproductive lifespan by one year in favour of the early breeders. The potential consequences on fitness and stability of cohorts are discussed. Latitudinal variation of life history traits was mainly limited to female natterjacks in which along a south-north gradient longevity and potential reproductive lifespan increased while size decreased. These results and a review of published information on natterjack demography suggest that lifetime number of offspring seem to be optimized by locally different trade-offs: large female size at the cost of longevity in southern populations and increased longevity at the cost of size in northern ones.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

18

McElligott, A. "Im Banne der Metropolen. Berlin und London in den 20er Jahren; Workers' Culture in Imperial Germany. Leisure and Recreation in the Rhineland and Westphalia". German History 15, nr 3 (1.07.1997): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/15.3.431.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

19

Perkins, John. "Reviews : Lynn Abrams, Workers' Culture in Imperial Germany; Leisure and Recreation in the Rhineland and Westphalia, London, Routledge, 1992; ix + 214 pp.; £35.00". European History Quarterly 23, nr 4 (październik 1993): 596–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026569149302300411.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

20

Wangler, Julian, i Michael Jansky. "General practitioners’ challenges and strategies in dealing with Internet-related health anxieties—results of a qualitative study among primary care physicians in Germany". Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 170, nr 13-14 (7.08.2020): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10354-020-00777-8.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Summary Time and again, it is discussed that in medical practices, the number of patients who develop health anxieties due to extensive health information searches on the Internet is increasing. The objective of this study is to explore and describe general practitioners’ experiences and attitudes towards cyberchondria patients as well as strategies to stabilize affected patients. Following a qualitative approach, oral personal semi-standardized interviews with general practitioners (N = 38) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, were conducted in 2019. In the course of a content analysis, one can see that most interviewees see the emergence of Internet-related health anxieties as an increasing problem in everyday care. Affected patients not only show marked levels of doubt and nervousness as well as hypersensitivity to their own state of health, but also low confidence in the physician. In addition to compliance-related difficulties, the high need for advice and the demand for further diagnostics are regarded as major problems. Various approaches were identified by which general practitioners respond to unsettled patients (more consultation time, recommendation of reputable websites, information double-checking, expanded history questionnaire, additional psychosocial training).

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

21

Baales, Michael. "From Lithics to Spatial and Social Organization: Interpreting the Lithic Distribution and Raw Material Composition at the Final Palaeolithic Site of Kettig (Central Rhineland, Germany)". Journal of Archaeological Science 28, nr 2 (luty 2001): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1999.0545.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

22

Michaud, Claude. "T. C. W. Blanning, The French Revolution in Germany : Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland, 1792-1802, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1983, VIII- 353 p." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 41, nr 4 (sierpień 1986): 845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900074023.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

23

McElligott, A. "German Peasants and Agrarian Politics, 1914-1924: The Rhineland and Westphalia". German History 7, nr 1 (1.01.1989): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/7.1.155.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

24

Hardach, Gerd, i Robert G. Moeller. "German Peasants and Agrarian Politics, 1914-1924: The Rhineland and Westphalia". American Historical Review 93, nr 2 (kwiecień 1988): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1859997.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

25

Bátiz‐Lazo, Bernardo, Robert R. Locke i Kristine Müller. "The future of Rhineland capitalism across the Polish‐German border". Journal of Management History 14, nr 1 (11.01.2008): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17511340810845453.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

26

Ward, W. R. "German Pietism, 1670–1750". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 44, nr 3 (lipiec 1993): 476–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900014196.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

German Pietism and cognate movements in the Reformed world, especially in the Netherlands, the Rhineland, Switzerland and Hungary, continue to be one of the most strenuously contested and assiduously worked fields not only of modern church history, but of the history of religious belief and practice not ecclesiastically orientated. Their bibliography is augmented by some 300 contributions a year by scholars from Finland to the United States, though the bulk of the work is German, and much of the rest is presented in German. A brief survey (which must necessarily exclude the literature relating to Austria and Salzburg) can do no more than sample what has been happening in this area since the Second. World War, and suggest its connexions with the older work, some of which remains of first class significance. Fortunately the journal Pietismus und Neuzeit (now published at Gottingen by Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht) has since its inception in 1974 carried not only papers of high quality, but a bibliography of the year's work. This was the achievement, until his untimely death in 1990, of Klaus Deppermann, and aimed strenuously to be complete. His successors have been daunted by the magnitude of this task, and do not promise to compass all the non-German literature; but no doubt will trace most of what is really important.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

27

Roos, Julia. "Women's Rights, Nationalist Anxiety, and the “Moral” Agenda in the Early Weimar Republic: Revisiting the “Black Horror” Campaign against France's African Occupation Troops". Central European History 42, nr 3 (24.08.2009): 473–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938909990069.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In the months and years following ratification of the Versailles Treaty, the Allied occupation of the Rhineland became a focal point of German nationalist propaganda. The campaign against the so-called “black shame on the Rhine” (schwarze Schmach am Rhein), a racist slogan referring to the stationing of soldiers from northern Africa, Senegal, and Madagascar in the French zone of occupation, was one of the ugliest outgrowths of German opposition to the peace treaty. Support for the movement against France's African troops was disquietingly broad. An interpellation to the Reich government of May 1920 launched by the Majority Social Democrats (SPD) and endorsed by all parties in the national assembly except the Independent Socialists (USPD) is illustrative of the racist fears motivating “black horror” protests: “Even after the armistice, the French and Belgians continue to use colored troops in the occupied territories. … For German women and children, men and boys, these savages pose a horrifying danger. Their honor, health and life, purity and innocence are being destroyed. … This situation is disgraceful, humiliating, and insufferable!”

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

28

Levy, Richard S. "German Peasants and Agrarian Politics, 1914-1924: The Rhineland and Westphalia. Robert G. Moeller". Journal of Modern History 60, nr 4 (grudzień 1988): 806–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/600480.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

29

Yonke, Eric. "The Problem of the Middle Class in German Catholic History: The Nineteenth-Century Rhineland Revisited". Catholic Historical Review 88, nr 2 (2002): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2002.0113.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

30

Kuhlman, Erika A. "American Doughboys and German Fräuleins : Sexuality, Patriarchy, and Privilege in the American-Occupied Rhineland, 1918–23". Journal of Military History 71, nr 4 (październik 2007): 1077–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2007.a222530.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

31

KOPSIDIS, MICHAEL, ULRICH PFISTER, FRIEDERIKE SCHOLTEN i JOHANNES BRACHT. "Agricultural Output Growth in a Proto- and Early Industrial Setting: Evidence from Sharecropping in Western Westphalia and the Lower Rhineland, c. 1740–1860". Rural History 28, nr 1 (28.02.2017): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793317000012.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract:An evidence-based time series on agricultural growth prior to 1850 only exists for very few German territories. Except for Saxony, there is no series available for the pre-1815 period. Based on sharecropping contracts from the estate of Anholt, we reconstruct the development of crop production for western Westphalia and the lower Rhineland c. 1740–1860. Our results show that parallel to Saxony, agricultural growth in this north-west German region was driven entirely by demand from a growing number of households engaged in proto-industrial and early industrial manufacture production. Fully commercialised land tenure systems dominated in Anholt from the beginning of the early modern period, and manorial institutions had little relevance for rural property relations. Hence, the radical French and Prussian agrarian reforms at the beginning of the nineteenth century had no effect on agricultural production. In a north-west European comparison, Anholt's sharecroppers performed rather well during this decisive formation period culminating in early industrialisation.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

32

Jackson, Peter. "French Military Intelligence responds to the German Remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936 - A look at French intelligence machinery in 1936". Intelligence and National Security 22, nr 4 (sierpień 2007): 546–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684520701640514.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

33

Alexander, Martin S. "French Military Intelligence responds to the German Remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936 - The military consequences for France of the end of Locarno". Intelligence and National Security 22, nr 4 (sierpień 2007): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684520701640548.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

34

Mccelligott, A. "Book Reviews : German Peasants and Agrarian Politics, 1914-1924: The Rhineland and Westphalia. By Robert G. Moeller. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1986. xv + 286 pp. 25 Tables. 25.45". German History 7, nr 1 (1.04.1989): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635548900700130.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

35

Arthur, C. J. "Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels". Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (marzec 1986): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004089.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Karl Marx (1818–1883) was born in Trèves in the Rhineland. He studied law in Bonn, philosophy and history in Berlin, and received a doctorate from the University of Jena for a thesis on Epicurus (341–270 BC). (Epicurus' philosophy was a reaction against the ‘other-worldliness’ of Plato's theory of Forms. Whereas for Plato knowledge was of intelligible Forms, and the criterion of the truth of a hypothesis about the definition of a Form was that it should survive a Socratic testing by question and answer, for Epicurus the criterion of truth was sensation, and employment of this criterion favoured the theory with which Plato explicitly contrasted the theory of Forms (Sophist 246a–d), namely, the materialism of the atomists, Leucippus and Democritus.) Marx was editor of the Rheinische Zeitung of Cologne, 1842–1843. The paper was suppressed and he moved to Paris, becoming co-editor of the Deutsch-französische Jahrbücher, the one and only issue of which contained two articles by Marx and two by his friend, Friedrich Engels (1829–1895). Together they wrote The German Ideology (1846) and their most influential work, The Communist Manifesto (1848). Marx had been expelled from France in 1845, and went to Brussels, from where he was expelled during the 1848 revolutions. He went to Cologne to start, with Engels and others, a paper with a revolutionary editorial policy, the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Expelled once again, Marx finally settled in London, working in the British Museum on his great historical analysis of capitalism, Das Kapital. The first volume was published in 1867, the remaining two volumes, completed by Engels after Marx's death, in 1885 and 1895.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

36

Jackson, Peter, i Martin S. Alexander. "French Military Intelligence responds to the German Remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936 - Note concerning the consequences that follow, from a military point of view, from Germany's renunciation of the Locarno Treaty". Intelligence and National Security 22, nr 4 (sierpień 2007): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684520701640506.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

37

Bahne, Siegfried. "Larry Peterson. German Communism, Workers' Protest, and Labor Unions. The Politics of the United Front in Rhineland-Westphalia 1920–1924. [Studies in Social History, Vol. 14.] Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1993; International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. 556 pp. D.fl. 385.00; $239.00; £157.50." International Review of Social History 39, nr 3 (grudzień 1994): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112805.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

38

Banholzer, Simon, i Tobias Straumann. "Why the French Said ‘Non’: A New Perspective on the Hoover Moratorium of June 1931". Journal of Contemporary History, 17.11.2020, 002200942094992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009420949924.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Why did the French government delay its endorsement of the Hoover Moratorium in the summer of 1931? Key policymakers were fully aware that their stance would exacerbate the German financial crisis, which ultimately dragged the European economy into the abyss. Most historical accounts identify the plan for an Austro-German customs union, which became known publicly in March 1931, as a major cause for the French ‘non’. We suggest a different chronology by showing that the French government was reluctant to help Germany as early as the fall of 1930 when, in the wake of the Nazi victory in the Reichstag elections, a currency crisis threatened to ruin the German monetary and financial system and bring down the government. We also argue that the reason for this French reluctance to extend financial help to Germany was the traumatic experience resulting from the evacuation of the Rhineland in June 1930. This chauvinistic outburst in Germany not only frightened the French public, but also made it clear to French politicians how the lack of military cooperation with the Anglo-Saxon powers had made France highly vulnerable on its Eastern front. After June 1930 a financial bargain with Germany became unrealistic, due to domestic opposition.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

39

Gerwin, Werner, Thomas Raab, Klaus Birkhofer, Christoph Hinz, Peter Letmathe, Michael Leuchner, Martina Roß-Nickoll i in. "Perspectives of lignite post-mining landscapes under changing environmental conditions: what can we learn from a comparison between the Rhenish and Lusatian region in Germany?" Environmental Sciences Europe 35, nr 1 (10.05.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12302-023-00738-z.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract Background The decision of the German federal government to cease lignite mining until 2038 or—if possible—already earlier until 2030, will cause manifold transition processes in the remaining lignite mining districts of Germany. The two largest districts are located in geographically opposite regions: The Rhineland in the western part and Lusatia in the east of Germany. As particularly these two mining districts will experience severe changes in their socioeconomic as well environmental conditions, the federal government has adopted comprehensive economic support measures. However, the environmental changes will also cause altered ecosystem functions and services to be provided by the future post-mining landscapes. Results In this paper, the two main lignite-producing regions of Germany are compared with regard to their natural and cultural settings. The economic situation and its history are reflected and differences are outlined. Part of the disparities in the cultural development can be explained by very different natural conditions, especially edaphic factors and climatic situation. Because of dissimilar geological settings, different mining technologies were developed and are in use in the two regions with distinct effects on the resulting post-mining landscapes. Conclusion The long-standing and manifold lignite mining activities have radically restructured the landscapes in Lusatia and the Rhineland. With the ongoing decline of the mining industry and its complete cessation, presumably within the next decade, both regions will alter their faces significantly. These changes offer both challenges but also opportunities with respect to the post-mining landscapes and their ecosystem services they are going to provide. The prerequisites for a positive socioeconomic development and for sustainable land-use concepts that also consider ecological aspects are different for both regions. However, or especially because of these differences, the knowledge exchange and experience transfer between both mining regions are pivotal for the success of this extensive transformation process.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

40

Elz, Wolfgang. "Peter Collar, The Propaganda War in the Rhineland. Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation after World War I. London, Tauris 2013". Historische Zeitschrift 302, nr 1 (8.01.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2016-0071.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

41

Connolly, James E. "A peacetime battleground: national symbols, patriotism and prestige in the French-occupied Rhineland, 1920–23". French History, 8.01.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crad053.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract Tensions and violence were central to the French interwar occupation of the Rhineland. This article examines symbolic opposition and violence carried out by locals, as perceived by the French authorities, mainly involving attacks on flags, singing banned patriotic songs, or displaying German patriotic colours. Although rarer than physical violence, the ways in which French officials documented and responded to such incidents allow for an insight into the mindset of the French occupiers. The victorious but sensitive French were especially concerned with notions of prestige, dignity and authority, drawing on colonial ideas, and quick to punish attacks on symbols of French power. Even during the beginning of the organized ‘passive resistance’ campaign in 1923, French authorities were as concerned with songs and flags as with demonstrations and physical violence. French sensitivity around national symbols betrayed deeper insecurities and uncertainties regarding their role both in the occupied territory and the wider world.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

42

Roos, Julia. "Constructing Racial Visibility: Biracial “Occupation Children” in the Third Reich, 1933–1937". Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 26.05.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcad002.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract In summer 1937, approximately four hundred to six hundred German descendants of Allied soldiers of color born in post-World War I Rhineland were forcedly sterilized. The Nazis vilified the children, referring to them as Rheinlandbastarde (“Rhineland bastards”). We still know relatively little about the fates of individual victims and the role of local perpetrators. This article uses anthropologist Wolfgang Abel’s 1933 study of biracial Besatzungskinder (“occupation children”) from Wiesbaden to shed fresh light on the interplay between local and national dynamics in the coming of the 1937 sterilization campaign. Drawing on many hitherto unexplored archival sources, the article traces the lives of several biracial children. The case of the Rhenish children shows that Nazi leaders worried that “racial difference” often was invisible. A key goal thus focused on constructing the children’s racial visibility. Officials, physicians, and teachers embedded in local communities often played a crucial role in ferreting out biracial children and marking them as racial “Others.” Simultaneously, the case of Wiesbaden suggests that instances where local actors contested important elements of ascriptions of racial “Otherness” to biracial Besatzungskinder may have hardened Nazi leaders’ resolve to pursue the children’s sterilizations outside existing legal norms and procedures.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

43

Wolfthal, Diane, i Elisabeth Hollender. "The Intentional Alteration of Jewish Manuscripts and the Houston Mahzor". IMAGES, 31.10.2023, 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340172.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract Books are living forms that must be understood not simply as they were at the moment and place of their creation, but also as they changed through time and space. This article focuses on a little-known medieval mahzor from the Rhineland, currently in Houston, which has been published in only three catalogue entries. It begins by introducing the manuscript and then goes on to focus on what is perhaps its most remarkable aspect: its extensive mutilation. After examining how and why other medieval Jewish manuscripts were intentionally altered, this essay explores the various campaigns that modified the Houston Mahzor and what can be known about the manuscript’s missing texts and images. Reimagining the Mahzor as it once was reveals a richly illuminated manuscript with strikingly unusual images. Studying how it was intentionally altered over time uncovers a range of reactions from its varied audience, Jewish and Christian, German and Italian, medieval and modern.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

44

Graf, Joachim, Harald Abele i Jan Pauluschke-Fröhlich. "Gestational age at birth in pregnancies with antenatal corticosteroid administration in relation to risk factors: a retrospective cohort study". Frontiers in Medicine 10 (9.01.2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1285306.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

BackgroundThe aim was to investigate gestational age at birth of women after induction of fetal lung maturation (antenatal corticosteroids = ACS) because of imminent preterm birth (PTB), and to quantify incidence of late PTB (gestational age < 260 days) and extreme immaturity (gestational age < 196 days) in relation to several diagnoses (PPROM, placental bleeding, premature labor, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, amniotic infection syndrome (AIS), cervical insufficiency) and risk factors (age > 35, history of preterm delivery, multifetal gestation, gestational diabetes, hypertension, nicotine abuse).MethodsThe study was designed as a retrospective cohort trial, in which the data of all births taking place in 2016 in the German federal state Rhineland-Palatinate were evaluated. Frequency analyses, subgroup analysis (Chi-square tests and Friedman’s tests), as well as multinomial logistic regressions and linear regressions were used to determine odds ratios (OR).ResultsIn total, N = 1,544 patients were included who had been hospitalized due to an imminent PTB and had received ACS, of whom 52% had a late PTB and 8% a PTB with extreme immaturity. Regarding the gestational age at birth, there were only minor differences between the individual risk factors and diagnoses, only AIS patients showed a significantly lower gestational age (mean: 207 days). A significantly increased risk of PTB with extreme immaturity was found in patients with AIS (OR = 5.57) or placental bleeding (OR = 2.10).ConclusionThere is a need for further research in order to be able to apply therapeutic measures more accurately in relation to risk factors and diagnoses.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

45

Wangler, Julian, i Michael Jansky. "Online enquiries and health concerns – a survey of German general practitioners regarding experiences and strategies in patient care". Journal of Public Health, 12.04.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-01909-1.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract Aim Increasingly at GP practices, patients appear who are extremely worried as a result of health information researched online and consequently affected by doubts and concerns. The study highlights GP attitudes and experiences with regard to this patient group. Moreover, it identifies strategies adopted by GPs to respond appropriately to worried or scared patients. Subject and methods In the German federal states of Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, 2532 GPs were surveyed between June and August 2022. Owing to the explorative nature of the study, a descriptive analysis was conducted. Results Of the total respondents, 77% deemed the current problem of internet-related health concerns to be a major challenge in everyday practice. The implications affect patients’ mental stability and expectations towards the doctor (esp. demand for further instrumental diagnosis, 83%). One doctor in five (20%) has experienced the termination of patient contact because the relationship with the patient was no longer possible due to the patient’s uncontrolled online information behaviour. To respond to worried or scared patients, the respondents generally ask certain patient groups about online research (39%) and take this into account in the doctor–patient discussion (23%). Furthermore, the respondents use a detailed explanation of the diagnosis and/or treatment (65%) and recommend websites that they consider reputable (66%). Some of the doctors prefer a joint examination of the information researched by the patient (55%) as well as to explain the benefits and risks of online research (43%). Conclusion Many GPs demonstrate a high level of awareness and sensitivity with regard to extensive online research and potentially worried patients. It seems advisable to actively address the online search for information in the patient consultation to prevent possible negative effects on the doctor–patient relationship and to actively involve the patient. In this respect, it would also be worth considering expanding the medical history to include the dimension of online searching.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

46

"Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels". Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (marzec 1986): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100004082.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Karl Marx (1818–1883) was born in Trèves in the Rhineland. He studied law in Bonn, philosophy and history in Berlin, and received a doctorate from the University of Jena for a thesis on Epicurus (341–270 BC). (Epicurus' philosophy was a reaction against the ‘other-worldliness’ of Plato's theory of Forms. Whereas for Plato knowledge was of intelligible Forms, and the criterion of the truth of a hypothesis about the definition of a Form was that it should survive a Socratic testing by question and answer, for Epicurus the criterion of truth was sensation, and employment of this criterion favoured the theory with which Plato explicitly contrasted the theory of Forms (Sophist 246a–d), namely, the materialism of the atomists, Leucippus and Democritus.) Marx was editor of the Rheinische Zeitung of Cologne, 1842–1843. The paper was suppressed and he moved to Paris, becoming co-editor of the Deutsch-französische Jahrbücher, the one and only issue of which contained two articles by Marx and two by his friend, Friedrich Engels (1829–1895). Together they wrote The German Ideology (1846) and their most influential work, The Communist Manifesto (1848). Marx had been expelled from France in 1845, and went to Brussels, from where he was expelled during the 1848 revolutions. He went to Cologne to start, with Engels and others, a paper with a revolutionary editorial policy, the Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Expelled once again, Marx finally settled in London, working in the British Museum on his great historical analysis of capitalism, Das Kapital. The first volume was published in 1867, the remaining two volumes, completed by Engels after Marx's death, in 1885 and 1895.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Rhineland (Germany) – History”

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych