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Ren, Meng M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The restructure of amenities in Beijing's peripheral residential communities". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99088.
Pełny tekst źródłaCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-84).
China's rapid urbanization has led to many big metropolises absorbing their fringe rural lands to expand their urban boundaries. Beijing is such a metropolis and in its urban peripheral, an increasing number of communities have emerged that are comprised of monotonous housing projects. However, after the basic residential living requirements are satisfied, many other problems (including lack of amenities, distance between home and workplace which is particularly concerned with long commute time, traffic congestion, and etc.) exist. New remedy plans are undertaken to mitigate such problems. Huilongguan is a typical, representative case of amenity scarcity and improvement dynamic. The initial aim of this thesis is to investigate whether planning intervention can be evaluated from a crowdsourcing perspective. Using Huilongguan as a case study, research data are obtained from the Huilongguan Community Forum and Dazhongdianping website. The addition of amenities, such as transportation, shopping malls and work zones, is examined to discover how their restructuring affects the daily lives of residents. Posts on the Huilongguan Community Forum are extracted and categorized according to a specific scheme. The distribution of posts is researched to determine the amenities that have drawn the most attention of residents of this community, as well as the reason. Based on an analysis of sequential content, the attitudes and opinions of residents with regard to amenities are collected and compared to show which amenities are the most satisfactory and those that are problematic. Finally, assessments are made to evaluate amenities from the perspective of users. Using community forum and public reviews is one approach among numerous others to evaluate planning intervention. In general, traditional evaluations investigate the outcome of planning at a certain time. However, since urbanization is a dynamic process, obtaining prolonged and real-time feedback from different interested parties has become a challenge of traditional evaluations. This thesis is an attempt at using crowdsourced data to evaluate planning intervention. Moreover, this tool provides a more transparent and less time-consuming way to analyze first-hand data in order to assess the outcome of planning. New communities such as Huilongguan are popping up throughout China. Many of these new communities face similar problems as Huilongguan. By evaluating the quality of life in Huilongguan, effective methods can be discovered for decision makers and planners to alleviate such problems.
by Meng Ren.
M.C.P.
Nafziger, Fern M. "Route through Concrete: Employing cultural appropriation to restructure America's strip malls". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277135849.
Pełny tekst źródłaŠimanskis, Linas. "Všį Klaipėdos tuberkuliozės ligoninės restruktūrizacijos įvertinimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060620_115927-86056.
Pełny tekst źródłaTaylor, Derek. "Restructure : industrial relations 1983-1990, and the state sector reform in South Australia /". Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art2393.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMahoney, James Scott, i n/a. "Clipped Wings: Management discourses during organisational change at Australia's Civil Aviation Authority". University of Canberra. Arts & Design, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081113.153047.
Pełny tekst źródłaKňobortová, Eliška. "Analýza postojů pracovníků k restrukturalizaci vybrané organizace". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200186.
Pełny tekst źródłaJeffrey, Philip. "Organisational Reform and Restructure in the Voluntary Sector : The case of Groundwork in the North West of England". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511040.
Pełny tekst źródłaXie, Siqun. "Investigations of the longer term memory, relaxation and restructure in the tabu search heuristic optimization of examination timetables". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6442.
Pełny tekst źródłaForssberg, Per. "Televerkets omvandling till Telia -En studie av privatiseringar och effektivitet-". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-738.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe meaning of this study was to find out if the restructure of Televerket to Telia AB was effective in an economic point of view. The mayor work in this essay is concentrated to the studies around efficency and privatizations.
Niemand, Lizette. "Deductibility of interest on the acquisition of shares when restructuring a business : alternatives for South Africa / Lizette Niemand". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9811.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (MCom (South African and International Taxation))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Marro, Alessandro [Verfasser], i Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Hagen. "Framework for Local Restructure of Meshed Surfaces : Creating local solutions for surface and mesh preservation / Alessandro Marro ; Betreuer: Hans Hagen". Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194929826/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaDrummond, Mark Lea, i n/a. "Costing Constitutional Change: Estimates of the Financial Benefits of New States, Regional Governments, Unification and Related Reforms". University of Canberra. Business and Government, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20080825.143939.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuncan-Brown, Emma. "Bridging the divide: an exploration of the intensification of Voortrekker Road Corridor as a means to restructure the City of Cape Town". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22726.
Pełny tekst źródłaNascimento, Valéria Ribas do. "O tempo das reconfigurações do constitucionalismo: os desafios para uma cultura cosmopolita". Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2497.
Pełny tekst źródłaNenhuma
O tempo político-social dos Estados contemporâneos desafia que ocorram outras formas de observação do constitucionalismo, o que se pode denominar de reconfigurações do constitucionalismo. A partir disso, procura-se desenvolver a pesquisa em três partes, relacionando-as com o passado, o presente e o futuro, mas não apenas no que tange ao processo de desenvolvimento das Constituições, porque isso seria um tanto quanto complicado, devido ao movimento constitucional ser formado por tempos contínuos e descontínuos ao longo da trajetória. Não se pretende desenvolver a história do constitucionalismo, mas relacionar este movimento com outro, denominado de cosmopolitismo. Primeiramente, são traçados aspectos relacionais, demonstrando que, mesmo não havendo uma mescla ou fusão, seria possível encontrar pontos de contato, desde os cínicos até o inacabado ideal kantiano de paz e hospitalidade universal. Na segunda parte, objetiva-se verificar o vínculo entre o presente e o futuro do constitucionalismo, sem olvidar que es
The new political social scope of contemporary States calls for a new overview of constitutionalism, a restructure of its concept. Thus the research is divided into three parts, related to the past, the present and the future, but concerning not only the developing process of Constitutions - as that would be an intricate task, having in mind that this process has continuous and discontinuous paths. The goal is not to trace the history of constitutionalism, but rather connect it with another theory, referred to as cosmopolitism. First, common characteristics are verified, showing that, even though there is no mixture or fusion, it would be possible to find similarities. Starting from cynic ones all the way to Kant’s unfinished ideal of peace and universal hospitality. Later, we turn to the analysis of the connection between the present and the future of constitutionalism, without forgetting that these periods comprehend the peak of globalization and the growing of cosmopolitism. In this manner, it is observ
Rebouças, Sonia Maria Oliveira Bonelli. "Mudanças empresariais e competências gerenciais: nova forma de gerenciamento, novos saberes dos trabalhadores". Faculdade de Educação, 2004. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18337.
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Este estudo pretendeu analisar as mudanças ocorridas na organização do trabalho e seus reflexos na forma de gestão dos trabalhadores. Buscou-se contribuir com uma investigação sobre como o termo competências gerenciais está sendo compreendido e praticado no ambiente empresarial, estabelecendo-se uma correlação com a sua forma de aquisição pelos gerentes. A pesquisa se constituiu em um estudo de caso numa empresa estatal do setor de energia elétrica, onde foram examinados dois setores distintos: a operação do sistema e a administração. Os resultados apontam para um contexto de transição e contradições, que assinalam novas formas de gestão e exigência de novos saberes gerenciais e dos trabalhadores, enunciados nas opiniões dos diferentes sujeitos coletivos, que expressam diferentes interesses, expectativas e aspirações.
ABSTRACT This study analysis the changes occurred in the productive world and it’s reflexes on the way of management of the workers. It was sought to contribute with an investigation on how the term competences is being understood and practiced in the company environment, establishing a correlation with it’s form of acquisition by the managers. The research constitutes a study of cases in a state company of the electric energy sector, where two distinct sectors: the system operation and the administration, were examinated. The results evidenced a transition context and contradictions, which point to new forms of management and demands of new managing and worker knowledge, expressed in opinions from different collective subjects, which express different interests, expectations and aspirations.
Cooke, Richard. "Laying the foundations to restructure the Madwaleni HIV wellness programme, using knowledge of the community perceptions of the programme, in relation to the needs and priorities while living with HIV". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97228.
Pełny tekst źródłaVarella, Janine Maranh?o de Campiello. "A motiva??o e o significado do trabalho de banc?rios: estudo comparativo entre dois momentos do processo de reestrutura??o produtiva". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17574.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This master s dissertation deals with motivation and the meaning of work amongst bank employees. This is done considering a cognitive perception. Work is understood here under a social and subjective comprehension, once it deals with significance attribution. Motivation is the process that rules choice of the different possibilities of individual behavior, all of which according to the Expectation Theory. This study aims to analyze the implications of the productive restructure, since it is related to technological innovation, organizational changes and management, in motivation and work significance. Thus, the objective of the research is to verify motivational differences and the meaning of work amongst bank employees. This is done in two distinct moments of the productive restructure of bank employees in Natal-RN. The research is divided in two parts. In the first one, changes that occurred in banks between 1999 until 2005 were identified by the means of interviews with 7 bank managers. The analyzed perspective was training intensifying, quality emphasis of customer attendance, the use of automation/technology, staff stabilization, change in staff profile, work intensification, etc. In the second study the Inventory of Motivation and Work Meaning was applied. Thus, questions related to work focus, social demographic data, in 187 bank employees were dealt with. The collected data was compared to data from previous work. It was observed that productive restructure has a reflection in the meaning of work increasing self-expression, economical reward, and responsibility in work conditions. All of the item mention beforehand maintain the level of inhumanness and consummation and respond as being the characteristics of the real work environment. On the other hand, bank employees value less justice, self-expression and more the survival perspective, implying instrumental values to work. As for motivation, it is increased among bank employees. These employees have greater expectations that their work produce results since they believe in their interference in work results
A presente disserta??o estuda a motiva??o e o significado do trabalho entre banc?rios, sob uma perspectiva cognitiva. Entende-se o significado do trabalho como uma compreens?o subjetiva e social, pois deriva do processo de atribuir significado. A motiva??o ? o processo que governa as escolhas de diferentes possibilidades de comportamento do indiv?duo segundo a Teoria das Expectativas. Este estudo buscou analisar o reflexo da reestrutura??o produtiva, enquanto processo que engloba inova??es tecnol?gicas, mudan?as organizacionais e de gest?o, na motiva??o e significado do trabalho. Para tanto, objetivou verificar diferen?as na motiva??o e no significado do trabalho dos banc?rios em dois momentos distintos da reestrutura??o produtiva em bancos de Natal-RN. Por isso, esta pesquisa est? dividida em dois estudos. No primeiro, identificou-se, a partir de entrevistas com 7 gerentes de ag?ncias banc?rias, as mudan?as ocorridas nos bancos entre 1999 e 2005, tais como: intensifica??o dos treinamentos, ?nfase na qualidade do atendimento ao cliente, intenso uso da inform?tica/automa??o, estabiliza??o do quadro de pessoal, mudan?a no perfil do banc?rio, intensifica??o do trabalho, etc. No segundo estudo, aplicou-se o Invent?rio de Motiva??o e Significado do Trabalho; quest?es sobre centralidade do trabalho e ficha s?cio-demogr?fica, em 187 banc?rios. Os dados coletados foram comparados aos dados de estudo anterior com banc?rios. Observou-se que a reestrutura??o produtiva se reflete no significado do trabalho aumentando a percep??o de auto-express?o, recompensa econ?mica, responsabilidade e condi??es de trabalho e mantendo o n?vel de percep??o de desgaste e desumaniza??o, enquanto caracter?sticas que descrevem o trabalho na realidade. Por outro lado, os banc?rios passaram a valorizar menos justi?a e auto-express?o, enquanto valorizam mais a sobreviv?ncia, implicando um valor instrumental ao trabalho. Em rela??o ? motiva??o, observou-se um aumento da motiva??o dos banc?rios, visto que estes t?m mais expectativas de que os resultados do trabalho ocorram e acreditam mais fortemente que podem interferir nestes resultados
Cunha, Janaína Dias. "A reforma universitária de 1968 e o processo de reestruturação da UFRGS (1964-1972): uma análise da política educacional para o ensino superior durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira". Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1976.
Pełny tekst źródłaUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
A dissertação analisa o processo de reestruturação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), entre os anos 1964 e 1972, com o objetivo de observar como a política educacional para a educação superior adotada durante a ditadura civil-militar brasileira impactou nesse processo. Percebeu-se que os debates acerca do tema da reestruturação da universidade foram iniciados antes de 1964, ainda durante o período do governo João Goulart, e contaram, inicialmente, com a participação de estudantes e professores da instituição. As propostas dos estudantes da UFRGS apresentadas antes de 1964 se assemelhavam às reivindicações do movimento estudantil nacional. Entre os professores da UFRGS, havia influência dos estudos sobre reforma universitária elaborados por especialistas de outras universidades no mesmo período. Apesar de já haverem sido iniciados os debates sobre a reforma universitária na UFRGS, não existia, contudo, ainda um plano definido para a reestruturação da instituição. A conjuntura autoritária apó
The dissertation analyses the restructure process at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), from 1964 through 1972, with the purpose of observing how the education policy for higher education adopted during the civil-military dictatorship impacted on this process. It has been found that the debates about the subject of the university reform started before 1964, during the João Goulart government, and mobilized members of both student and professor groups. The proposal presented by the students at UFRGS before 1964 were similar to the demands presented by the national student movement. Among the professors at UFRGS, there was an influence of researches on university reforms prepared by experts from other institutions in the same period. Although the debates about the university reform at UFRGS had already been started, there was not any concluded plan for the restructure of the institution yet. The authoritarian context after the coup in 1964 changed this process. The repressive and modernizing mea
Treff, Marcelo A. "As conseqüências das transformações organizacionais pós-90 e o novo perfil do trabalhador : um estudo de caso". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/3830.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a case-study in a large company of paper and cellulose, the consequences for a worker imposed by the process of productive restructure, during the 1990s, after the commercial opening, marked by the changes in the productive and organizational structures. The subjects of this research were workers and ex-workers, as well as managers and ex-managers. The collected data was done through semi-structured questions, documental sources and non-systematic observation of the workers daily routines. The analysis of the data prioritized the qualitative understanding of the reality presented according to theoretical references and revealed a strong increase in the level of demands to the worker, besides the acquisition of new skills in a context determined by the decrease of jobs and by the increase of the informality, in addition to a preoccupying picture in relation to educational possibilities connected to this reality
Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar, por meio de um estudo de caso em uma empresa de grande porte do setor de Papel e Celulose, as conseqüências para o trabalhador impostas pelo processo de reestruturação produtiva, durante a década de 90, pós-abertura comercial, marcado pelas alterações nas estruturas produtiva e organizacional. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram trabalhadores e extrabalhadores, além de gestores e ex-gestores. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, fontes documentais e observação assistemática do cotidiano do trabalho dos trabalhadores. A análise dos dados priorizou o entendimento qualitativo da realidade apresentada à luz do referencial teórico pertinente e revelou um aumento significativo do grau de exigências para o trabalhador em termos de aquisição de novas competências em um contexto marcado pela diminuição dos postos de trabalho e pelo aumento da informalidade, somado a um quadro preocupante em termos de oferta de educação condizente com essa realidade
Petoussis, Savvas G. "Optimisation of restructured power systems". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443311.
Pełny tekst źródłaNicholson, Emma Leah. "Essays on restructured electricity markets". Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436443232/viewonline.
Pełny tekst źródłaMotta, Débora Maria. "Comportamento do desemprego em três setores da economia brasileira na reestruturação tecnológica industrial da década de 1990". Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/990.
Pełny tekst źródłaA dissertação apresenta um estudo do comportamento do desemprego, no contexto da reestruturação tecnológica industrial, que marcou a década de 1990 em três setores da economia brasileira: supermercadista, construção civil e indústria siderúrgica. Assumem-se como hipóteses que a reestruturação do sistema produtivo agravou o fenômeno do desemprego em todos os setores da economia brasileira, bem como culminou no agravamento do desemprego estrutural nos três setores estudados, além de acentuar o aspecto heterogêneo no mundo do trabalho no período assinalado. A dissertação segue a seguinte lógica explicativa: contextualização da sociedade contemporânea após a reestruturação do sistema produtivo, com base nos estudos de David Harvey; o comportamento do desemprego no Brasil e no mundo, após a globalização, bem como os efeitos da mudança de modelo de gestão, com base em Márcio Pochmann; a explanação das três teorias acerca do desemprego, com base em Enric Sanchis; a busca de dados quantitativos e as análises dos mesmos, com base nas pesquisas realizadas pelo DIEESE e IBGE; dentre outras fontes que dão suporte ao estudo do objeto.
Nascimento, Adelli Carla Silva. "Exploração do trabalho camponês : reestruturação produtiva do capital e trabalho não-agrícola no município de Itabaiana - SE". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5488.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe focus of this study is on territorialism and restructure of the capital in countryside and the way they have changed work relationships in rural zone of Itabaiana-SE. In order to carry out the research, we consider the historical process which help us understanding what we are living nowadays, and what is up to come, from our daily building of History. The development of Capitalism and its restructure have brought some changes in social and production relationships. The increasing of modernization in agriculture and the investments in technology have increased hardness for the countryman to keep in countryside only by his rural working. The capitalists, when do not pull countrymen up from their great mean of production, the earth, keep them on it, but without providing fair conditions of working, nor even supporting for the countrymen to cultivate in their own earth. However, there is a false idea of encouragement by the State, which shows up like support to the countrymen through public policies, but without bringing any effective benefits, just making them to search for other living strategies which are not their rural working. And in the face of the needing for searching alternatives to keep countrymen in their belonging place, we analyze the precariousness in work relationships and the exploration of familiar workforce they have to face, besides intensification of migration from rural to urban zones, from rural to rural ones and temporary migrations. For the ones who stay in countryside, facing the growing of misery, indigence and poverty levels, the alternative has been the helping working, specially non agricultural one. Through these changes, we try to understand, in the municipal district of Itabaiana, the resistance of campestral living, how they overcome crisis, even facing bad situations to its reproduction. In the face of this, the restructure of the capital changes, to a certain extent, the work relationship and the way the countryman deal with earth, but it does not change the particularities of the rural man who resists and keep himself active as a social subject. However, we see Geography as a science which is able to uncover the spaces between what is only appearance and what is real, no matter if it is in rural or urban areas.
O cerne deste estudo está na territorialização e reestruturação do capital no meio rural e as mudanças nas relações de trabalho que estes trouxeram para o campo, no município de Itabaiana-SE. Para realizarmos a pesquisa, levamos em consideração os processos históricos que dão respaldo para entendermos o que vivenciamos hoje, e o que está por vir, a partir da nossa construção diária da história. O desenvolvimento do capitalismo e sua re-estruturação no campo trouxeram, para este, algumas mudanças nas relações sociais e de produção. A crescente modernização agrícola e o investimento em tecnologia aumentaram a dificuldade do camponês para manter-se no campo apenas com seu trabalho na agricultura, pois, o capitalista, quando não os apartam do seu principal meio de produção, a terra, os mantêm na mesma, contudo, sem possibilitar condições dignas de trabalho, muito menos estímulo em relação ao cultivo na própria terra. Todavia, a falsa ideia de incentivo por parte do Estado, que se apresenta como o apoio ao camponês através das políticas públicas, não o beneficiando de fato, fazendo com que o mesmo busque outras estratégias de sobrevivência que não o trabalho agrícola. E, ante a necessidade de buscar alternativas para permanecer no campo, analisamos a precarização das relações de trabalho e a grande exploração da mão-deobra familiar vivenciada por estes, além da intensificação das migrações campo-cidade, campo-campo e migrações temporárias. Para os que permaneceram no campo, diante da miserabilidade cada vez mais crescente, com o aumento do nível de indigência e pobreza entre a população camponesa, a estratégia de reprodução social encontrada tem sido o trabalho acessório, em especial na forma de trabalho não-agrícola. A partir dessas mudanças ocorridas buscamos entender, no município de Itabaiana, a resistência do campesinato, como estes superam as crises mesmo diante de situações totalmente desfavoráveis à sua reprodução. Diante disso, a reestruturação do capital modifica, até certo ponto, as relações de trabalho e o modo do homem lidar com a terra sem, contudo, modificar as peculiaridades do ser camponês que resiste e mantêm-se ativo enquanto sujeito social. Contudo, vemos na geografia, uma ciência capaz de desvelar os espaços existentes entre o que são apenas aparências e o que de fato ocorre no meio, seja este urbano ou rural.
Doorman, Gerard. "Peaking Capacity in Restructured Power Systems". Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Mathematics and Electrical Engineering, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-493.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe theme of this thesis is the supply of capacity during peak demand in restructured power systems. There are a number of reasons why there is uncertainty about whether an enegyonly electricity market (where generators are only paid for the energy produced) is able to ensure uninterrupted supply during peak load conditions.
Much of the public debate in Europe has been about the present surplus generation capacity. However, in a truly competitive environment, it is hard to believe that seldom used capacity will be kept operational. This is illustrated by developments in Sweden. For this reason, the large surplus of generation capacity in the European Union may vanish much faster than generally assumed. In the USA, much of the debate has been about California. During the last three summers, California has occasionally experienced involuntary load shedding and prices have been very high during these periods. To some extent, the Californian situation illustrates the relevance of the subject of this thesis: in a deregulated system generators may not be willing to invest in peaking capacity that is only needed occasionally, even though prices are very high during these periods.
A good solution to the problem of providing peaking power is pivotal to the success of power market restructuring. Solutions that fail to create the right incentives will result in unacceptable load shedding and can endanger the whole restructuring process. On the other hand, solutions that pay too much for investments in peaking power will lead to generation capacity surpluses and thus represent a societal loss.
Why is peaking capacity a problematic issue in energy-only markets?
Traditionally, probabilistic methods are applied to calculate the required generation capacity to obtain a desired level of reliability. In a centrally planned system, this level of generation capacity is developed in a least-cost manner. A single utility or central authorities can thus control the level of reliability directly. This is not possible in a market-based system, if suppliers are only paid for the energy produced.
Under the assumption of certainty and continually varying prices, generators fully recover their variable and investment costs under ideal market conditions. When uncertainty is taken into account, generators will cover their expected costs. However, revenues will be extremely volatile, especially for peaking generators. Combined with a risk-averse attitude, it is unlikely that investments will be sufficient to maintain the traditional level of reliability in an energyonly market. Consequently, one would expect reserve margins to decline in such markets. This effect is very clear in Sweden that deregulated in 1996, and less explicit in a number of other cases like Norway, California and Alberta.
Pricing and Consumer Preferences
The theory of electricity pricing was originally developed for vertically integrated utilities, but elements from this theory are also valuable in a restructured context. Many authors have agreed on the presence of a capacity element in the optimal price during peak-load conditions, while price should equal marginal cost during low-load conditions. An important assumption is that prices have to be stable. More recently, spot pricing of electricity has been advocated. A number of papers have been written about how to efficiently include security considerations in the spot price.
Because the availability of capacity cannot be directly controlled in an energy-only spot market, the probability of occasional capacity shortages increases. It is important to be prepared for this situation. The core of the problem is that demand is de facto inelastic in the short-term because of traditional tariff systems. It is shown that considerable economic gains are obtained when demand elasticity can be utilized, even if only minor shares of demand are elastic in the short-term. Better utilization of demand elasticity was also profitable in traditional systems, but after restructuring the gain is much larger: the alternative is not expensive generation but random rationing, which is unacceptable in modern society.
It is possible to go one step further. Consumers have different preferences for the use of energy and reliability. Some consumers have a low tolerance about being disconnected, while others are more willing to accept this. This will be reflected by their willingness to pay for reliability. A better solution would emerge if consumers could buy electricity and reliability more or less as separate commodities, based on their preferences.
In the context of pricing it should be pointed out that ”profile-based settlement” that allows small consumers to freely choose their supplier without hourly metering is detrimental with respect to the correct pricing of capacity. It should only be used in the initial phases of opening a market.
Improved utilization of system resources
Even in the short-term, demand and the availability of generation and transmission resources are uncertain. Therefore, it is necessary to have reserves available in a power system. When capacity becomes scarce, it is difficult to satisfy the reserve requirements. If these requirements are strict, the only possibility is to resort to what can be called ”preventive loadshedding” to satisfy the reserve requirements. This is obviously an expensive solution, but there are no obvious ways of balancing the (societal) cost of preventive load shedding against reduced system security. In this thesis, a model is developed for unit commitment and dispatch with a one-hour time horizon, with the objective of minimizing the sum of the operation and disruption costs, including the expected cost of system collapse. The model is run for the IEEE Reliability Test System. It is shown that under conditions where there is not enough capacity available to satisfy the reserve requirements, large cost savings can be obtained by optimizing the sum of the operation and disruption costs instead of using preventive load-shedding. In the model, it is also possible to directly target reliability indexes like the Loss of Load Probability or Expected Energy not Served. It is shown that increased reliability (in terms of the values of the indexes) can be obtained at a lower cost by targeting the indexes directly instead of resorting to reserve requirements. This is especially the case if flexible load-shedding routines are developed, making it possible to disconnect and reconnect the optimal amounts of load efficiently.
The use of alternatives to fixed reserve requirements as a means to maintain system security does not solve the problem about how to ensure the availability of peaking capacity. However, in a situation with occasional capacity shortages, it gives the System Operator a tool to find the optimal balance between preventive load shedding and system security, which can result in significantly lower disruption costs in such cases. More research and development in this area is necessary to develop methods and tools that are suitable for large power systems.
Ancillary Services
Investment in peaking capacity is insufficient in restructured systems because expected revenues are too low or too uncertain. If generator revenues are increased, the situation improves. One way to obtain this is to create markets for ancillary services. In the thesis, a model is developed for a central-dispatch type of pool. In this model, markets for energy and three types of ancillary services are cleared simultaneously for 24 hours ahead. Market prices are such that volumes and prices are consistent with the market participants. self-dispatch decisions . i.e. given these prices, market participants would have chosen the same production of energy and ancillary services as the outcome of the optimization program. With this model, it is shown that markets for ancillary services increase generator revenues, but this effect is partly offset by lower energy prices. This shows that markets for ancillary services can contribute to improving the situation, but given the remaining uncertainty, this is hardly enough to solve the problem.
Capacity Subscription
Because consumers have preferences for two goods: electricity and reliability, they should ideally have the choice of purchasing the preferred amount of each of these. Traditionally this is not possible . reliability is a public good, produced or obtained by a central authority on behalf of all consumers. Technological progress is presently changing this. Capacity subscription is a method that allows consumers to choose their individual level of reliability, at the same time creating a true market for capacity. It is based on the concept of selfrationing. Consumers anticipate (for example on a seasonal basis) their need for capacity at the instant of system-wide peak demand. Based on this anticipation, they procure their desired level of capacity in a market, where generators offer their available capacity. Demand is limited to subscribed capacity by a fuse-like device that is activated when total demand exceeds total available generation. In this way, the capacity payment only influences the market when demand is close to installed capacity, and does not distort the energy price in other periods. Demand is not limited when there is ample capacity. Demand will never exceed supply, because it can be limited in an acceptable way when this situation occurs. Moreover, both consumers and suppliers can adapt to situations with scarce or ample capacity, and the price of capacity will reflect this situation. There is one problem with the method: as consumers do not reach their subscribed capacity simultaneously, there will be a capacity surplus at the instant the fuse-devices are activated. Two methods to solve this problem are analysed, and it is shown that the problem can be solved optimally by giving consumers who prefer this the opportunity to buy power in excess of their subscription on the spot market.
Policy evaluation
Six alternative policies to assess the peaking power problem are analysed based on the following criteria:
- Static efficiency: the welfare-optimal match of consumption and supply
- Dynamic efficiency: the ability to create incentives for innovation
- Invisibility: with invisible strategies, each market actor pursues his or her own objectives without worrying about anyone else.s
- Robustness: a robust policy is less sensitive to deviations from assumptions
- Timeliness: the ability of a policy to be employed at the right time
- Stakeholder equity: the degree to which all the involved parties are treated equitable
- Corrigibility: the extent to which a policy can be corrected once it is employed
- Acceptability: the degree to which the policy is acceptable to all parties
- Simplicity: ceteris paribus simple strategies are preferable over more complicated strategies
- Cost: the cost of implementing the policy
- System security: the policy.s ability to obtain an acceptable level of system security
The policies are, in short (an example is given in parentheses):
- Capacity obligation: suppliers are obliged to keep sufficient capacity (PJM)
- Fixed capacity payment: a fixed payment is offered for available capacity (Spain)
- Dynamic capacity payment: capacity payment is based on the Loss of Load Probability (England and Wales)
- Energy-only: no explicit payments or obligation (Scandinavia, California)
- Proxy prices: very high administrative prices are used as a proxy to the Value of Lost Load when load shedding is necessary (Australia)
- Capacity subscription: cf. the description above (not implemented)
As could be expected, no single policy performs best on all criteria. The obligation and fixed payment methods do not perform well on market efficiency criteria, as essentially they are not market-based policies. The proxy prices policy is a reasonable policy on most criteria. It is easy, cheap and quick to implement. Because there is little experience with the method so far, there is some uncertainty with respect to if it is effective. One can anticipate that the threat of having to buy power at rationing prices will motivate market participants to avoid coming in a buying position in such cases, and that this will stimulate the adaptation of innovative solutions, especially on the demand side.
The capacity subscription policy looks very promising on the issues of efficiency, robustness and system security. This is especially true for dynamic efficiency: consumers will weigh the cost of capacity against the cost of innovative load control devices, and if the price of capacity is high, a market for such technology will emerge. However, there is a considerable threshold prior to the introduction of capacity subscription, caused by the implementation costs and complexity.
The conclusion on policies is thus that in an early stage after restructuring it may be appropriate to resort to the capacity obligation or payment method if the capacity balance is tight at the time of transition. For the medium-term, or if there is ample capacity initially, it is sensible to introduce proxy market prices to transfer the risk of a capacity deficit to market participants, with due attention being paid to the appropriate price level. Capacity subscription can be a long-term objective.
Nanduri, Vishnuteja. "Generation capacity expansion in restructured energy markets". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003031.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlackwood, Jo Lambert. "Culture of empowerment in a restructured school". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40150.
Pełny tekst źródłaLee, Cheuk-wing. "Transmission expansion planning in a restructured electricity market". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38959410.
Pełny tekst źródłaGenc, Talat. "Some economic aspects of a restructured electricity industry". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280472.
Pełny tekst źródłaLee, Cheuk-wing, i 李卓穎. "Transmission expansion planning in a restructured electricity market". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38959410.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi, Jinbo 1961. "A study of reactive power dispatch under restructured power systems /". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80120.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe first follows the two-step approach adopted by some electricity markets where first, the generators' real powers are dispatched in the energy market, followed by the dispatching of the generator reactive power support services in the ancillary services market.
Once the generators' real power has been dispatched in the energy market, the generators' reactive power is dispatched according to the minimization of a combination of multiple objectives: network MW loss cost, generator opportunity cost, and generator MW shift cost. The MW loss cost is represented as a function of bus voltage magnitudes and angles as well as the nodal prices in $/MWh found in the first step. Opportunity cost is represented as a function of the generator reactive powers, whose cost parameters are derived in terms of the MW dispatch, the MW nodal prices and the generators' capabilities. The generator shift cost is represented as a function of the generator real powers and the MW shift weighting factor. As these three objectives may conflict, compromises are needed to arrive at an optimum solution.
The second reactive power dispatch approach unifies real and reactive power dispatch by minimizing both MW and MVAr generation costs while enforcing the MW and MVAr/voltage constraints simultaneously. This unified dispatch avoids a disadvantage of the two-step MVAr dispatch, that is, that the MW price signal determined in the energy market may be distorted by the subsequent MVAr dispatch in the ancillary services market.
Several numerical examples under different conditions are presented to examine and compare the effectiveness of these two methods.
Lueken, Roger Alan. "Reducing Carbon Intensity in Restructured Markets: Challenges and Potential Solutions". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/479.
Pełny tekst źródła潘淑欣 i Shuk-yan Poon. "A decentralized multi-agent system for restructured power system operation". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31219810.
Pełny tekst źródłaPoon, Shuk-yan. "A decentralized multi-agent system for restructured power system operation /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19616211.
Pełny tekst źródłaHsieh, P. Angela (Pauting Angela). "Proposals for a restructured California state electric service utility industry". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36538.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaird, George James. "Identity Work for "Boomer" Professionals: Career Transition in the Restructured Economy". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/46.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaird, George James. "Identify Work for "Boomer" Professionals: Career Transition in the Restructured Economy". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/46.
Pełny tekst źródłaSu, Jifeng. "An analytical assessment of generation asset in the restructured electricity industry". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37116381.
Pełny tekst źródłaSu, Jifeng, i 宿吉鋒. "An analytical assessment of generation asset in the restructured electricity industry". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37116381.
Pełny tekst źródłaLuft, Celito Urbano. "Reformas educacionais em tempos de globalização neoliberal e o desencanto do magistério gaúcho". Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/1895.
Pełny tekst źródłaNenhuma
A década de 90 é marcada pelo desencanto e apatia do magistério gaúcho frente às reformas educacionais promovidas, especialmente, durante os dois mandatos do Presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002), tendo à frente do Ministério da Educação, Paulo Renato de Souza. O foco principal deste trabalho foi investigar as razões que explicam esta indiferença do magistério do Rio Grande do Sul, que tivera na combatividade uma de suas principais marcas. Este desencanto só pode ser compreendido no bojo das políticas educacionais neoliberais, que procuraram cooptar a escola para legitimar a reestruturação do processo produtivo, imposta pelo capitalismo neoliberal globalizado. A função principal da escola passou a ser a qualificação da mão-de-obra, para um mercado cada vez mais exigente e competitivo e, por isso, excludente. As políticas educacionais implementadas neste período foram exigidas pelos Organismos Internacionais, especialmente pelo BM e pela CEPAL e prontamente acatadas pelo governo brasileiro. O movime
In the nineties, specially while President Fernando Henrique Cardoso was governing (1995-2002), and Paulo Renato de Souza was in charge of the Ministry of Education, radical educational reforms occurred, which were taken on, passively, by most of the teachers in Rio Grande do Sul. This paper aims at investigating the reasons that explain the teachers’ indifference in accepting those changes, since they were the ones fighting against them. This dissatisfaction can only be understood in the core of educational neo-liberal policies, which tried to connect the schools to legitimate the reforms of the productive process imposed by globalized neo-liberal capitalism. Therefore, the main function of the school was to qualify manpower for a more and more demanding and competitive market and, this way, eliminatory. Educational policies implemented in that period were demanded by International Organizations, especially by World Bank and CEPAL, and were soon accepted by Brazilian government. The Union Movement, with int
Milligan, Christine. "Towards a restructured geography of care : space, place and the voluntary sector". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366965.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrowning, Robert B. (Robert Barrett) 1954, i Winfried 1958 Holz. "The virtual utility : strategic choices for utilities in the restructured electric industry". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10010.
Pełny tekst źródłaSong, Jingjing. "Restructured district heating price models and their impact on district heating users". Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34779.
Pełny tekst źródłaFjärrvärme anses som ett effektivt, miljövänligt och kostnadseffektivt sätt för att leverera värme eftersom kraftvärme blir vanligare i fjärrvärmesystem, där elektricitet produceras tillsammans med värme. Den spelar en viktig roll i att begränsa klimatförändringen. Svenska fjärrvärme företag står inför flera utmaningar nu för tiden, och är i akut behov av nya prismodeller för att öka öppenheten och behålla konkurrenskraften. I denna avhandling, genomfördes en undersökning för att ta reda på strukturen av de nuvarande prismodellerna. Därefter föreslogs två omstrukturerade prismodeller, vars påverkan på kostnaden av fjärrvärme konsument analyserades jämför med den nuvarande modellen. Detta arbete undersökte också effekten av omstrukturerade prismodeller på konsument som skulle drabbas på signifikant kostnadsökning i samband med införande prismodeller. Kostnaden av fjärrvärme under olika prismodeller har också jämförts med tre olika tekniska lösningar. Resultatet visade att prismodeller som baserar sig på konsuments förbrukningsprofil kunde återspegla fjärrvärme företagens kostnadsstruktur; Samtidigt medförde prissättningsstrategi baserad på användarens förbrukningsprofil högre incitament för att minska spetseffekt. Följaktligen kommer att konsumenter med stabila konsumtionsprofiler att spara kostnader, medan konsumenter med spetsiga konsumtionsprofiler kommer att drabbas av kostnadsökning. Och för den investerade fjärrvärme konsument, den ekonomiska bättre val var att kombinera fjärrvärme med elpanna eller bergvärmepump.
Suklim, Kannapha. "Production of Restructured Squid and Scallops from Processing By-Products and Underutilized Species". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36384.
Pełny tekst źródłaRestructured squids were fabricated with heat-set binders according to the following combinations: starch, egg white albumin, fish sarcoplasmic protein, starch and egg white albumin, and starch and fish sarcoplasmic protein at various levels. Increasing the level of starch from 2 to 10% decrease the hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness of restructured squid. Two percent egg white albumin improved the hardness and cohesiveness, while 2% fish sarcoplasmic protein improved cohesiveness and springiness of the squid gel. The hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness of starch-based combinations decreased as a function of starch.
Restructured scallops were prepared from cold-set binders: alginate and microbial transglutaminase at the 1% level with different setting times to yield the highest binding strength. At the setting temperature of 5° C, restructured scallops bound with alginate presented the greatest binding strength at 2 hr setting, while those bound with microbial transglutaminase required 24 hr to reach the maximum binding strength. Although alginate benefits the manufacturer with respect to the shorter setting time, the lower binding strength values may result in a decrease in consumer acceptability.
Master of Science
Jondorf, Ursula. "Restructured heteronormativity : An analysis of Australian Immigration guidelines for assessing LGBT+ asylum seekers". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18639.
Pełny tekst źródłaWilliams, Jaclyn Hardesty. "The Relationship of Trauma Severity, Rumination, and Restructured Core Beliefs to Posttraumatic Growth". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1436967575.
Pełny tekst źródłaWu, Chih-Cheng, i 吳志正. "Restructure of Causation Concept in Civil Law". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/new6ks.
Pełny tekst źródła東吳大學
法律學系
99
The nuclear dogma “no causation means not any liability at all” stemmed from the philosophic thought of “Corrective Justice” makes it essential in every liability actions to establish the exact causation connection, nevertheless the always difficult and problematic element, between the alleged wrongdoing and the injury complained of. Meanwhile, among the elements must be established to prove unjust enrichment, the causation inquiry is also the most challenging task, especially in multiple party payment litigations. Legal theorists and learned judges have devoted themselves to “causation” topic in the heavily inked legal literatures, trying to frame practically sound principles in both fields of civil liability and unjust enrichment, only to achieve limited success and trigger more confusion. According, this article was aimed to reconstruct the causation concepts in both civil liability (Chapter 3 to 7) and unjust enrichment (Chapter 8 and 9). In the section of civil liability, this article made a thorough and in-depth review on the distinguished and representative causation theories and important precedents in the Chapter 3, which led to the proposition of a new liability inquiring principle as depicted in Chapter 4. This liability inquiring principle was further elaborated in details in following two chapters. Pointed out in Chapter 5 was the fatal defect in traditional ways of causation reasoning in the cause-in-fact stage of inquiry since they exclusively restricted themselves to the logical “essential condition” by referring to the “but-for” test or “condition sine qua non” dictum, without properly paying due attention to “sufficient condition”,” conjunctive condition” and “disjunctive condition”… etc. This article attempted to elucidate systemically the fundamental logic regulations and illustrated how they were manipulated in causation reasoning, with special emphasis on the missing condition components described above. On the basis of the complete causation reasoning, Chapter 6 proceeded to investigate the substantial function of “adequate causation” mentioned in our Supreme Court Precedents with special reference to the directly or indirectly sufficient causes. In the event which the cause is directly sufficient to bring out the injury, if the cause is responsible to the injury as assessed by illegality and negligence, then the civil liability will be sustained without further applying the “adequate test”, of which the function will be totally absorbed in the inquiry process of negligence and proved to be totally useless. In the event which the cause is indirectly sufficient, the “adequate test” will reveal itself inadequate, since it skips the essence of illegality and negligence concerning the indirectly sufficient cause to the indirectly causing injury. The way how we inquired the illegality and negligence herein was different from that of we did to the directly sufficient cause, and it would rather be the augment whether cause should burden the doer with the “duty to prevent indirect injury” or not. If yes, yet he breaches, then the illegality sustains, and we can proceed to the negligence inquiry. Applying the fundamental regulations of logics and the principle of liability inquiring described in previous two chapters, Chapter 7 illustrated in depth the way they were manipulated systemically in our Civil Code §§185~191-3 to make understood the distinct way the shift from individual to group and special patterns of responsibility. In the section of unjust enrichment, Chapter 8 briefly reviewed the important and representative opinions dealing with the causation. When proceeding to Chapter 9, this article firstly holds that the concept of “logic connection” should be substituted for the “causation” element herein, since what actually bridging in-between the benefit and loss was not the matter of “cause-and-consequence”, but rather the “connection in fact” in nature. Secondly advocated was the concept of the “net” benefit and loss, which elaborates the overall assessment of property difference as a consequence of a certain intervening event, tangible or intangible assets all included. Especially highlighted was the importance that the emergence and elimination of creditor’s right and debt should not be ignored. When multiple events intervene, the individual benefit and loss can be integrated into a comprehensive one, only if these events exhibit causation in-between. This article thereafter attempted to illustrate the way how the crucial application of “transitive rule” is manipulated in establishing the “connection in fact” between benefit and loss, which will definitely help to identify the party who really is enriched at the expense of another who’s loss and thus grasp the unabridged integrated “causation” element in proving unjust enrichment. In conclusion, with cunning and appropriate application of logic regulations in the inquiry into the connection between the alleged wrongdoing and the injury complained of, and between benefit and loss, the actual situation can be easily and consistently clarified, and the liability inquiring or restitution can properly be made. Only then can the fairness, equity and justice of jurisdiction finally be realized in civil liability and unjust enrichment litigations.
Zach, Lorna S. "Evaluation of techniques to restructure pureed vegetable tissue". 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15494536.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-130).
Yeh, Jung Ju, i 葉蓉茹. "The Restructure and Policy Change of National Health Insurance". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09715571052134574169.
Pełny tekst źródłaSalom, Andreas Tuhafeni. "Remining And Restructure of a Tailing Deposit - Technical Feasibility". Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105289.
Pełny tekst źródłaSalom, Andreas Tuhafeni. "Remining And Restructure of a Tailing Deposit - Technical Feasibility". Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/105289.
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