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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Restriction tidale"
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Khojasteh, Danial, Steve Hottinger, Stefan Felder, Giovanni De Cesare, Valentin Heimhuber, David J. Hanslow i William Glamore. "IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON HYDRODYNAMICS OF ESTUARIES WITH RESTRICTED ENTRANCES". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, nr 36v (28.12.2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.management.3.
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Worldwide, hundreds of millions of people who live on or near estuarine environments are vulnerable to sea level rise (SLR). Using clustering techniques and moving beyond static models and case studies, this study used a large ensemble of idealised estuary models of varying scale, geometry, level of entrance constriction, and SLR scenarios. It was found that tidal forcing, degree of entrance restriction, and estuarine length can primarily control the tidal dynamics of prismatic estuaries under SLR. Further, restricting an entrance can be presented as a potential solution to offset SLR induced tidal amplification if the associated impacts on entrance stability, navigation, and flooding are considered.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vOptOAbqN3U
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O'Donnell, Denis E., Harry H. Hong i Katherine A. Webb. "Respiratory sensation during chest wall restriction and dead space loading in exercising men". Journal of Applied Physiology 88, nr 5 (1.05.2000): 1859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1859.
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We mimicked important mechanical and ventilatory aspects of restrictive lung disorders by employing chest wall strapping (CWS) and dead space loading (DS) in normal subjects to gain mechanistic insights into dyspnea causation and exercise limitation. We hypothesized that thoracic restriction with increased ventilatory stimulation would evoke exertional dyspnea that was similar in nature to that experienced in such disorders. Twelve healthy young men [28 ± 2 (SE) yr of age] completed pulmonary function tests and maximal cycle exercise tests under four conditions, in randomized order: 1) control, 2) CWS to 60% of vital capacity, 3) added DS of 600 ml, and 4) CWS + DS. Measurements during exercise included cardiorespiratory parameters, esophageal pressure, and Borg scale ratings of dyspnea. Compared with control, CWS significantly reduced the tidal volume response to exercise, increased dyspnea intensity at any given work rate or ventilation, and thus limited exercise performance. DS stimulated ventilation but had minimal effects on dyspnea and exercise performance. Adding DS to CWS further increased dyspnea by 1.7 ± 0.6 standardized Borg units ( P = 0.012) and decreased exercise performance (total work) by 21 ± 6% ( P = 0.003) over CWS alone. Across conditions, increased dyspnea intensity correlated best with decreased resting inspiratory reserve volume ( r = −0.63, P < 0.0005). Dyspnea during CWS was described primarily as “inspiratory difficulty” and “unsatisfied inspiration,” similar to restrictive disorders. In conclusion, severe dyspnea and exercise intolerance were provoked in healthy normal subjects when tidal volume responses were constrained in the face of increased ventilatory drive during exercise.
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Harty, Helen R., Douglas R. Corfield, Richard M. Schwartzstein i Lewis Adams. "External thoracic restriction, respiratory sensation, and ventilation during exercise in men". Journal of Applied Physiology 86, nr 4 (1.04.1999): 1142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.4.1142.
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Multiple factors may contribute to the dyspnea associated with restrictive ventilatory disease (RVD). Simple models that examine specific features of this problem are likely to provide insight into the mechanisms. Previous models of RVD utilizing elastic loads may not represent completely the impact on pulmonary and chest wall receptors derived from breathing at low thoracic volumes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory consequences of breathing at low lung volumes induced by external thoracic restriction in an attempt to further elucidate the etiology of dyspnea in this setting. Ten men were studied, with and without an inelastic corset applied at residual volume (restriction resulted in mean reductions in vital capacity, functional residual capacity, residual volume, and forced expired volume in 1 s of 44, 31, 12.5, and 42%, respectively). During 10-min steady-state exercise tests (at a workload set to achieve ∼65% maximum heart rate), restriction resulted in significant increases, compared with control, in minute ventilation (61 vs. 49 l/min), respiratory frequency (43 vs. 23 breaths/min), and visual analog scale measurements of respiratory discomfort (65 vs. 20 mm). Alveolar hyperventilation (end-tidal [Formula: see text] = 39 vs. 44 Torr for control) and mild O2 desaturation (arterial blood O2 saturation = 93 vs. 95% for control) occurred. Hypoxemia, atelectasis, increased work and effort of breathing, or a decrease in the volume-related feedback from chest wall and/or lungs could be responsible for the increased dyspnea reported. External thoracic restriction provides a useful model to study mechanisms of dyspnea in RVD.
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Nuyts, Siegmund, Melissa Wartman, Peter I. Macreadie i Micheli D. P. Costa. "Mapping tidal restrictions to support blue carbon restoration". Science of The Total Environment 949 (listopad 2024): 175085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175085.
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Dick, Todd M., i Olusegun O. Osunkoya. "Influence of tidal restriction floodgates on decomposition of mangrove litter". Aquatic Botany 68, nr 3 (listopad 2000): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3770(00)00119-4.
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Ferreira, Rafael M., i Segen F. Estefen. "Alternative concept for tidal power plant with reservoir restrictions". Renewable Energy 34, nr 4 (kwiecień 2009): 1151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.08.014.
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Muñuzuri, Jesús, Elena Barbadilla, Alejandro Escudero-Santana i Luis Onieva. "Planning Navigation in Inland Waterways with Tidal Depth Restrictions". Journal of Navigation 71, nr 3 (16.11.2017): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000789.
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The planning of vessel navigation along a tidal river is a complex task that can affect the efficiency of inland ports and intermodal chains. The availability of water may represent a significant restriction to port accessibility, having an impact on waiting times, cost and even safety. This paper presents a heuristic procedure to schedule vessels on a tidal waterway, which seeks to optimise navigation according to a multi-criteria objective function combining the number of vessels serviced, the total waiting time, the waterway occupation time and the number of crossing operations, where the term “crossing” implies inbound and outbound vessels passing each other. The procedure requires a previous step of estimation of real-time water depth, which identifies the critical points or navigation bottlenecks along the waterway, and contemplates the possibility of vessels having to anchor in the middle of their journey and wait for next tide rise. We validate the procedure through its application to a set of real and test problems and show that its results are reliable in terms of performance and solution quality.
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Yanai, M., K. Sekizawa, H. Sasaki i T. Takishima. "Control of the larynx in patients with obstructive and restrictive pulmonary impairment". European Respiratory Journal 2, nr 1 (1.01.1989): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.02010031.
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To study changes in glottic movements associated with pulmonary functional abnormalities, we measured changes in glottic resistance (Rgl) during quiet tidal breathing in normal subjects (N), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Changes in Rgl were measured with a non-invasive method using low frequency sound. Changes in Rgl were tightly coupled to changes in tidal volume and were reproducible in all subjects. Rgl was higher during expiration than during inspiration in N and COPD. COPD showed greater changes in Rgl between inspiration and expiration than did N. However, Rgl did not differ between inspiration and expiration in three of six IPF, and was lower during expiration than during inspiration in two of six IPF. We suggest that glottic movements during quiet tidal breathing change in association with the functional abnormalities of pulmonary diseases.
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Khojasteh, Danial, Steve Hottinger, Stefan Felder, Giovanni De Cesare, Valentin Heimhuber, David J. Hanslow i William Glamore. "Estuarine tidal response to sea level rise: The significance of entrance restriction". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 244 (październik 2020): 106941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106941.
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Rueda-Bayona, Juan Gabriel, José Luis García Vélez i Daniel Mateo Parrado-Vallejo. "Effect of Sea Level Rise and Access Channel Deepening on Future Tidal Power Plants in Buenaventura Colombia". Infrastructures 8, nr 3 (13.03.2023): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8030051.
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The evolution of tidal stream turbines is increasing the feasibility of future tidal plants in shallow depth areas with mid-tidal ranges (<5 m). However, extreme events such as changes in bathymetry due to the access channel deepening of coastal ports and sea level rise modify hydrodynamics and might affect the infrastructure and energy production of tidal energy converters. This research focused on Buenaventura Bay to analyze the effect of these extreme events on marine currents through calibrated-validated numerical modeling. Several monitored points were analyzed, and the results highlighted that the bay has potential for implementing tidal stream turbines because of the reported velocities between 0.25 and 2 m/s. The sea level rise increased 11.39% and access channel deepening reduced by 17.12% the velocity currents of the bay, respectively. These findings convert Buenaventura Bay to a candidate for implementing third generation tidal stream turbines and motivate future research for implementing tidal power systems in crucial areas such as the Colombian Pacific, where communities face restrictions in accessing affordable and clean energy.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Restriction tidale"
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Neupert, Markus. "Structuratiοn des cοmmunautés végétales de marais οligοhalins en répοnse aux variatiοns des gradients d'inοndatiοn et de salinité en estuaire de Seine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR016.
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À l’échelle mondiale, les activités humaines émettrices de gaz à effet de serre sont en train de modifier le fonctionnement climatique de la planète.Les zones humides côtières sont identifiées comme des milieux très vulnérables aux effets liés au changement climatique, notamment le rehaussementdu niveau marin, l’acidification de l’océan, l’augmentation des températures et la modification de la distribution des précipitations. Dans ce contexte,les gradients d’inondation et de salinité des estuaires et de leurs milieux humides sont alors susceptibles de changer dans le temps et l’espace, avec desconséquences sur les paramètres édaphiques, la composition des communautés du vivant à tous les niveaux d’organisation, et les services écosystémiquesqui en dépendent.Ces modifications des conditions écologiques locales en milieu estuarien risquent d’être accélérées et amplifiées dans le cas où l’augmentationdu niveau de la mer entraine la destruction des infrastructures de restriction tidale (digues etc.), en reconnectant subitement des milieux jusqu’alorsdéconnectés du régime hydrique de l’estuaire. Cette reconnexion soudaine aurait pour conséquence une modification des facteurs structurants de cesmilieux. À la suite de cela, les habitats actuels risquent de subir une transformation importante. Dans un cadre de prévention et de mitigation des effetsdu changement climatique, l’opposition d’une reconnexion subite de milieux déconnectés et d’une modification progressive des gradients abiotiques desmilieux connectés, suscite des interrogations quant au devenir et au fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes, ainsi qu’aux choix de gestion environnementaleque nous serons amenés à faire.La première partie de ce manuscrit est consacrée à l'étude de la végétation de l'estuaire aval de la Seine, qui présente des secteurs aux conditionshydriques contrastés, avec une digue insubmersible qui déconnecte la rive nord du régime tidal de l'estuaire et une rive sud connectée. L'étude de leurssols et de leur végétation a mis en évidence le lien fort entre les gradients environnementaux et la structuration des communautés végétales, et la relationentre l'utilisation des terres et les stratégies de vie des communautés.La deuxième partie étudie la réponse des communautés végétales et des individus à un changement de contraintes d'inondation et de salinité. Lepremier point est abordé via une expérimentation de transplantation réciproque de communautés le long des gradients environnementaux de l'estuairede la Seine, et met en évidence leur réponse qui peut être très rapide en cas de changement important des contraintes. Le deuxième point, consacré à laréponse des individus, a été étudié grâce à une expérimentation en conditions contrôlées, avec le développement d'une méthode de suivi de croissancenon-destructif par photographie, et la mesure de traits fonctionnels liés à l'allocation de ressources. Cette étude a notamment permis de mettre en évidencela variation de traits intraspecifique de trois espèces de plantes de prairies humidesOn a global scale, human activities emitting greenhouse gases are changing the way the planet's climate functions. Coastal wetlands have been identifiedas highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, ocean acidification, increased temperatures and changes in rainfall distribution.In this context, the inundation and salinity gradients of estuaries and their wetlands are likely to change in time and space, with consequences foredaphic parameters, the composition of living communities at all levels of organisation, and the ecosystem services that depend on them.These changes to local ecological conditions in estuarine environments are likely to be accelerated and amplified if rising sea levels lead to the destructionof tidal restriction infrastructures (dykes, etc.), suddenly reconnecting environments that were previously disconnected from the estuary's waterregime. This sudden reconnection would result in a change in the factors structuring these environments. As a result, current habitats are likely to undergosignificant transformation. In the context of preventing and mitigating the effects of climate change, the contrast between a sudden reconnection ofdisconnected environments and a gradual change in the abiotic gradients of connected environments raises questions about the future and functioningof these ecosystems, as well as the environmental management choices we will have to make.The first part of this manuscript is devoted to the study of the vegetation of the lower estuary of the Seine, which has sectors with contrasting waterconditions, with an unsinkable dyke that disconnects the north bank from the tidal regime of the estuary and a connected south bank. The study of theirsoils and vegetation has highlighted the strong link between environmental gradients and the structuring of plant communities, and the relationshipbetween land use and community life strategies.The second part studies the response of plant communities and individuals to a change in flooding and salinity constraints. The first point isaddressed by means of an experiment involving the reciprocal transplantation of communities along environmental gradients in the Seine estuary, andhighlights their response, which can be very rapid in the event of a major change in constraints. The second point, devoted to the response of individuals,was studied through experimentation under controlled conditions, with the development of a non-destructive growth monitoring method using photography,and the measurement of functional traits linked to resource allocation. In particular, the study highlighted the variation in intraspecific traits inthree species of wet grassland plants
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Emery, Hollie. "The effects of tidal restriction, Phragmites australis invasion, and precipitation change on salt marsh greenhouse gas emissions". Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33243.
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Salt marshes provide a range of ecosystem services and yet are subjected to anthropogenic impacts that alter the biogeochemical processes underlying these services. In particular, human activities may modify salt marsh greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) emissions by changing plant and microbial communities, hydrological regime, and sediment chemistry. Quantifying the effects of human impacts on greenhouse gas emissions is important for complete carbon budgets, and for effective management of salt marshes and the ecosystem services they provide.
In Chapters 1 and 2, I investigate the effects of hydrology and plant invasion on greenhouse gas emissions. First, I show how the restriction and restoration history of four salt marshes influence methane flux in unpredictable ways. Despite comparable salinity, methane emissions from one partially restored marsh were 25 times higher than unimpacted reference sites 13+ years after restoration, but emissions from other restored sites were equal or lower. Next, I show that greenhouse gas emissions associated with invasive Phragmites australis are not different from those associated with native Spartina alterniflora. These Chapters demonstrate the de-coupling of greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon sequestration more generally, from ecosystem degradation and restoration.
In Chapters 3 and 4, I quantify greenhouse gas fluxes and microbial community structure under precipitation changes that may occur with global climate change. In a field experiment, doubled rainfall and drought had significant transient impacts on porewater salinity following storms, and on the community structure of plants (doubled rainfall) or microbes (drought), yet greenhouse gas fluxes and other biogeochemical processes were not affected. The absence of biogeochemical change indicates functional redundancy and resistance or resilience exist in the microbial community, suggesting marshes may continue providing services as precipitation changes. In a lab experiment, rewetting intact cores to simulate tidal inundation or rainstorms produced a nitrous oxide pulse 10-20x the baseline flux rates, without changing the microbial community. A model of rewetting event frequency suggests that pulsed emissions may be responsible for the majority of marsh nitrous oxide emission. Precipitation change may increase coastal nitrous oxide emission if it causes more or stronger storms, and thus more rewetting events.
Książki na temat "Restriction tidale"
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Scobie, Antonia, Mark Gilchrist, Laura Whitney i Matthew Laundy. Managing antimicrobials on the shop floor. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0005.
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Reducing antimicrobial usage is key to stewardship, reducing adverse effects, and potentially stemming the tide of resistance. Establishment of an antimicrobial team on the shop floor to develop and manage a practical programme is discussed. Suggested methods of reducing antimicrobial usage include preventing initiation of unnecessary antimicrobials by the use of evidence-based guidelines and biomarker-directed clinical pathways, restricting durations to the shortest effective course—with automatic stop orders and separate antibiotic prescription charts, parenteral to oral switch programmes and utilization of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy services when available. Finally, cessation of inappropriate treatment and reducing the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials are essential and can be achieved by restrictive strategies such as pre-authorization and persuasive strategies such as audit and feedback via stewardship ward rounds. Different approaches to implementing audit and feedback within hospitals are covered in detail in this chapter.
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Breward, Christopher. Fashion. Redaktor Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0032.
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In 1947, the Parisian couturier Christian Dior launched his celebrated New Look, a collection that offered an aspirational alternative to the fabric restrictions and low consumer expectations of post-war austerity – seemingly re-routing fashionable trends in Europe and North America in the space of a season. The diarist had unwittingly become first a witness to, and then a participant in, the mysterious process of fashion change. Suffering from a version of sartorial jet-lag, she faced an oncoming tide of novelties, fresh versions of the fashion designer's diktat, while her own wardrobe remained in another, less contemporary, time zone. She knew that she must adapt or be overtaken. Though it would be difficult to re-enact this precise scenario today or in the more distant past, it does present some generic issues concerning fashion's close relationship with novelty, change, competition, guilt, and desire that will be familiar to historians of consumption in the early modern period and the contemporary. Fashion's relation to time and space has formed a fascinating context in which to consider the development of consumerism.
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Zimmerman, Jonathan. Campus Politics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190627393.001.0001.
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Universities are usually considered bastions of the free exchange of ideas, but a recent tide of demonstrations across college campuses has called this belief into question, and with serious consequences. Such a wave of protests hasn't been seen since the campus free speech demonstrations of the 1960s, yet this time it is the political Left, rather than the political Right, calling for restrictions on campus speech and freedom. And, as Jonathan Zimmerman suggests, recent campus controversies have pitted free speech against social justice ideals. The language of trauma--and, more generally, of psychology--has come to dominate campus politics, marking another important departure from prior eras. This trend reflects an increased awareness of mental health in American society writ large. But it has also tended to dampen exchange and discussion on our campuses, where faculty and students self-censor for fear of insulting or offending someone else. Or they attack each other in periodic bursts of invective, which run counter to the “civility” promised by new speech and conduct codes. In Campus Politics: What Everyone Needs to Know®, Jonathan Zimmerman breaks down the dynamics of what is actually driving this recent wave of discontent. After setting recent events in the context of the last half-century of free speech campus movements, Zimmerman looks at the political beliefs of the US professorate and students. He follows this with chapters on political correctness; debates over the contested curriculum; admissions, faculty hires, and affirmative action; policing students; academic freedom and censorship; in loco parentis administration; and the psychology behind demands for "trigger warnings" and "safe spaces." He concludes with the question of how to best balance the goals of social and racial justice with the commitment to free speech.
Części książek na temat "Restriction tidale"
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Burdick, David M., i Charles T. Roman. "Salt Marsh Responses to Tidal Restriction and Restoration". W Tidal Marsh Restoration, 373–82. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-229-7_22.
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Carmona, Juan Carlos, Raúl Atienza, Raúl Redondo i José R. Iribarren. "Grounding Risk Estimation in Inland Navigation with Monte Carlo Simulations and Squat Estimation". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 427–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_38.
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AbstractIn inland ports, where access is done navigating along an estuary, river or artificial canal, the operation may be strongly conditioned by the tide (in case it has enough wide run) or the water level in the river. The variations in water level imply restrictions on the draft of the vessels that can access such ports.Siport21 has been working for several years in ports of these characteristics, where there is no possibility to dredge the inland waterway. The alternative is to develop synchronization analysis tools, which allow identifying the “operational windows” and maximizing the draft of the vessels in transit operations. The result takes advantage of the tidal run by means of adequate planning, so that there is always enough underkeel clearance safety margin.Grounding risk estimation is elaborated applying Monte Carlo method. A failure (grounding) function is defined, considering the propagation of the tidal wave (water level and current), ship speed along the waterway, wind conditions, squat, and other variables. Probability distributions of all variables involved are considered, so that thousands of random navigation conditions can be simulated. This allows to estimate the failure probability.This methodology is applied to a practical case of a port that is carrying out actions to improve and optimize its operations. To do this, AIS data and tide data along the entire waterway, obtained from measurement sensors and a calibrated numerical prediction model, have been used.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation". W Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, redaktorzy Michele Dionne, Frederick T. Short i David M. Burdick. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch29.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—In the Gulf of Maine region, projects to restore or create salt-marsh habitat to replace saltmarsh functions and values reduced or lost to tidal restriction are increasing. We assess fish utilization of marsh restoration and creation projects along the central Gulf of Maine coastline by addressing three questions: (1) how do fish assemblages in manipulated and reference marshes compare, (2) how do differences between manipulated and reference marshes change over time, and (3) how do fishes respond to different types of restoration? Fish utilization of restored and created marshes in New Hampshire and Maine (two created and four tidally restored marshes) is compared to adjacent reference marshes. The comparison of manipulated marshes with local reference marshes provides an internal standard for the monitoring of each restoration project, making it possible (1) to follow changes over time while accounting for natural variation and (2) to make valid comparisons about the magnitude and direction of changes between independent restoration projects. Our study provides the first density estimates for fish utilization of vegetated salt-marsh habitat in the Gulf of Maine. The highest fish densities from this study just overlap with the lowest fish densities reported from more southerly marshes. Overall, fish were distributed similarly among manipulated and reference marshes, and fish distribution did not change with time. Trends in the data suggest that fish utilize elevated marshes restored by dug channels to a lesser degree than impounded marshes restored by culverts. It appears that fish will readily visit restored and created marshes in assemblages similar to those found in reference marshes over the short term (one to five years post-restoration) but are subject to the influence of differences in tidal regime, access to marsh habitat, and vegetation density. In the large majority of cases, hydrologic restoration of tidally restricted marshes will improve a much larger area of fish habitat per unit cost than creation of new marsh and will not be subject to many of the constraints that limit the function of created marshes. The primary consideration in tidal restoration projects is not necessarily the cost of construction but the social, economic, and political issues that must be addressed. Often, tidally restricted marshes are in highly developed coastal areas where many individual property owners may perceive the increased tidal flow as a threat, even when flood hazard studies show that no such threat exists. In spite of this caution, thousands of hectares of coastal fish habitat can be improved through a concerted program to restore the hydrology of tidally restricted marshes in the Gulf of Maine.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation". W Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, redaktorzy Michele Dionne, Frederick T. Short i David M. Burdick. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch29.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—In the Gulf of Maine region, projects to restore or create salt-marsh habitat to replace saltmarsh functions and values reduced or lost to tidal restriction are increasing. We assess fish utilization of marsh restoration and creation projects along the central Gulf of Maine coastline by addressing three questions: (1) how do fish assemblages in manipulated and reference marshes compare, (2) how do differences between manipulated and reference marshes change over time, and (3) how do fishes respond to different types of restoration? Fish utilization of restored and created marshes in New Hampshire and Maine (two created and four tidally restored marshes) is compared to adjacent reference marshes. The comparison of manipulated marshes with local reference marshes provides an internal standard for the monitoring of each restoration project, making it possible (1) to follow changes over time while accounting for natural variation and (2) to make valid comparisons about the magnitude and direction of changes between independent restoration projects. Our study provides the first density estimates for fish utilization of vegetated salt-marsh habitat in the Gulf of Maine. The highest fish densities from this study just overlap with the lowest fish densities reported from more southerly marshes. Overall, fish were distributed similarly among manipulated and reference marshes, and fish distribution did not change with time. Trends in the data suggest that fish utilize elevated marshes restored by dug channels to a lesser degree than impounded marshes restored by culverts. It appears that fish will readily visit restored and created marshes in assemblages similar to those found in reference marshes over the short term (one to five years post-restoration) but are subject to the influence of differences in tidal regime, access to marsh habitat, and vegetation density. In the large majority of cases, hydrologic restoration of tidally restricted marshes will improve a much larger area of fish habitat per unit cost than creation of new marsh and will not be subject to many of the constraints that limit the function of created marshes. The primary consideration in tidal restoration projects is not necessarily the cost of construction but the social, economic, and political issues that must be addressed. Often, tidally restricted marshes are in highly developed coastal areas where many individual property owners may perceive the increased tidal flow as a threat, even when flood hazard studies show that no such threat exists. In spite of this caution, thousands of hectares of coastal fish habitat can be improved through a concerted program to restore the hydrology of tidally restricted marshes in the Gulf of Maine.
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Ghosh, Atish R., Jonathan D. Ostry i Mahvash S. Qureshi. "Regulating Capital Flows: A Historical Perspective". W Taming the Tide of Capital Flows. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037167.003.0002.
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This chapter summarizes how thinking about capital flows and their management has evolved in both policymaking and academic circles. Many advanced economies used restrictions on capital inflows for prudential purposes—even as they pursued financial liberalization more broadly—until the 1980s, when capital account restrictions began to be swept away as part of broader liberalization efforts. Likewise, many emerging markets that had inflow controls for prudential reasons dismantled them when liberalizing domestic financial markets and controls over outflows. That the use of capital controls as a means of managing inflows is often viewed with suspicion may be partly a “guilt by association” with outflow controls and exchange restrictions. Historically, these have been more prevalent and more intensive, and their purpose has been to prop up authoritarian regimes or poor macroeconomic policies, often affecting both current and capital transactions.
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Männel, Benjamin, Andre Brandt, Susanne Glaser i Harald Schuh. "Correcting Non-Tidal Surface Loading in GNSS repro3 and Comparison with ITRF2020". W International Association of Geodesy Symposia. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2023_207.
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AbstractTime-dependent mass variations lead to significant and systematic load-induced deformations of the Earth’s crust, impacting space geodetic techniques. Using the ESMGFZ loading models, the impact on the recent IGS reprocessing campaign (repro3) is studied. While non-tidal loading was not corrected in the original repro3, separate solutions were computed by applying the corrections at the solution and the observation level. An initial comparison between the seasonal components in the loading models revealed a good agreement with the periodic functions in the ITRF2020. Based on the considered test period (2012–2016), we found reduced statistical signatures if applying the corrections at the solution level. For the annual amplitudes in the Up direction, an overall reduction of 18% was achieved. Correcting at the observation level provided larger reductions (amplitudes are reduced on average by 42%). Moreover, the consistency of the derived products, i.e., satellite orbits, Earth rotation parameters, and station coordinates, is achieved. Overall, it is recommended to correct non-tidal loading displacements primarily at the observation level. In case of technical restrictions or software limitations, corrections should be applied at the solution level.
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Sorkin, David. "Central Europe, 1815–1847". W Jewish Emancipation, 148–61. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691164946.003.0013.
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This chapter discusses how partial emancipation in the German states and Habsburg lands yielded varied and inconsistent statuses. Restrictions on population and residential rights were the basic holdover from the ancien régime: Baden's denial of local citizenship, Bavaria's Matrikel, Bohemia's and Moravia's Familiantengesetz. Posen's two-tier system—“naturalized” and “tolerated”—also echoed the ancien régime. These restrictions were the chief objects of the Jews' protests; they were also the chief impetus for emigration. Moreover, partial rights inspired public discussions of the Jews' regeneration in which Judaism was front and center. Although a vehement liberal opposition to emancipation was conspicuous, the tide began to turn in the 1830s and 1840s. Some liberals abandoned the policy of conditional emancipation or regeneration for rights; they instead embraced unconditional emancipation based on the principle of equality.
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Frowe, Helen, i Derek Matravers. "Conclusions". W Stones and Lives, 174–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191988370.003.0010.
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Abstract Chapter 10 summarises the key claims of the book, identifying ways in which our account makes progress on some of the central issues concerning the permissible protection of heritage in war. It notes that our account secures what will likely be intuitively appealing restrictions on risking harm to civilians for the sake of protecting heritage. But these restrictions emerge from a broader moral framework that also limits what combatants may be ordered to do for the sake of protecting heritage. The chapter acknowledges that our account swims against the tide in various respects: at a time when most people are calling for greater protection of heritage in war, our account identifies a range of moral constraints on how this protection may be pursued, both within war and in its aftermath.
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Pogonysheva, I. A., V. V. Postnikova, E. Yu Shalamova, O. N. Ragozin i M. S. Kuchumov. "Functional indicators of external respiration of young men and women in the conditions of the north". W Culture, Science, Education: Problems and Prospects: Proceedings of the XI International Scientific and Practical Conference (Nizhnevartovsk, 9-10 November 2023), 365–72. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/ksp-2023/51.
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Functional indicators of external respiration were studied among students who live and study in the north. For this research, a “Spiro-spectrum” spirometer from “Neurosoft” was used. The average values of vital capacity of the lungs, tidal volume, and respiratory rate in young men and women were within normal limits. The degree of decrease in VC and FVC in relation to the required values for the majority of students didn’t go beyond the normal limits. Ventilation disorders according to changes in the FEV1 indicator were not detected (all representatives of the sample were above 80% of the expected value). The values of the Gensler index for all examined students were above 70%, which is a variant of the norm. According to the indicator of maximum lung ventilation, no deviations from the norm were identified. Functional signs of obstructive and restrictive disorders weren’t identified in the examined students.
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Ghosh, Atish R., Jonathan D. Ostry i Mahvash S. Qureshi. "Introduction". W Taming the Tide of Capital Flows. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037167.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of capital flows to emerging markets. In principle, cross-border capital flows to emerging markets have the potential to bring several benefits; in practice, however, such flows are inherently risky—though some forms may be worse than others—potentially widening macroeconomic imbalances and creating balance-sheet vulnerabilities. As such, capital flows require active policy management, which might mean mitigating their undesirable consequences using macroeconomic and macroprudential policies, or controlling their volume and composition directly using capital account restrictions, or both. By the same token, if the inflow phase is successfully managed—through the use of structural measures to steer flows toward less risky types of liabilities, and the use of macroeconomic policies, prudential measures, and capital controls for abating the cyclical component of flows and their consequences—the economy is likely to benefit from foreign capital and to remain resilient when flows recede or reverse.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Restriction tidale"
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Vantorre, Marc, Erik Laforce, Katrien Eloot, Jan Richter, Jeroen Verwilligen i Evert Lataire. "Ship Motions in Shallow Water As the Base for a Probabilistic Approach Policy". W ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57912.
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A calculation tool has been developed for determining tidal windows for deep-drafted ships approaching and leaving the Belgian harbors according to probabilistic criteria. The calculations are based on a database containing response functions for the vertical motions in waves and squat data for a selection of representative ships. The database contains both results of model tests carried out in the Towing tank for maneuvers in shallow water – co-operation Flanders Hydraulics Research & Ghent University in Antwerp (Belgium), as well as calculated values. During the experiments, draft, trim, under keel clearance (7 to 20% of draft) and speed have been varied. The tests were performed in regular waves with lengths which are small compared to ship length, and in wave spectra that are typical for the Belgian coastal area. For given input data (ship characteristics, speed, tide, directional wave spectra, bottom, trajectory, current, departure time), the tool calculates the probability of bottom touch during the transit, so that a tidal window can be determined. Other restrictions, such as penetration into fluid mud layers and current, are taken into account as well.
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Atwood, Shannon, Abigail Jackson, Leanne Rossi, Ann Lupino i Robert Galvin. "THE EFFECTS OF TIDAL RESTRICTIONS ON THE HEALTH OF A SALT MARSH". W GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337800.
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Sanks, Kelly, M. Gonneea, Kevin D. Kroeger, Amanda Spivak i Daniel Roberts. "CARBON BURIAL IN SALT MARSHES FOLLOWING TIDAL RESTRICTION: A CASE STUDY FROM CAPE COD, MASSACHUSETTS". W GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286600.
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Paruchuru, Satya Prasad, Siva Kalyani Koneti, Deepthi Jammula i Jashwitha Nuthalapati. "Estimation and Feasibility of Generating Power Using Tidal Energy". W ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23721.
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Abstract Capturing the tidal energy is one of the ways of tapping natural and renewable energy which do not involve the cost of working fluid/ fuel. The present work focuses on some of the feasibility aspects of setting up of major tidal power plants along the seacoast. Besides, the present study synergizes on methods of estimating the power-producing capacities in regions along the seacoast. Estimation of power-producing capacities, calendar month-wise, and lunar month-wise gave handy information. Also, the estimation of power-producing capacities of different regions along a location gave clarity on the probable regions of interest for producing power simultaneously. A comparison of the estimates with the details of the literature authenticated the study. A discussion of producing more tidal power in specific locations gave insights into the aspects that may have been ignored in the literature. Geographic restrictions along the local seacoast like identifying the security-sensitive regions rationalized the estimating procedures. The paper includes a discussion of various factors that address the feasibility concerns. The study supposedly helps space exploration too.
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Falvey, Kara, James Carroll, Lauren Feeney i Matthew Holzman. "THE IMPACT OF TIDAL RESTRICTIONS ON SALT MARSH ECOSYSTEMS: AN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROJECT ON THE LYMAN RESERVE". W Northeastern Section-56th Annual Meeting-2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021ne-361364.
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Snow, Carolyn, Bev Johnson, Philip T. Dostie, Genevieve Dickinson i Ruth Indrick. "A COMPARISON OF SEDIMENT GEOCHEMISTRY FROM ABOVE AND BELOW A TIDAL RESTRICTION IN THE BACK RIVER CREEK MARSH, WOOLWICH, ME". W Northeastern Section-56th Annual Meeting-2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021ne-361683.
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Tasios, Stergios, Evangelos Chytis i Stefanos Gousias. "Accountants’ perceptions of tax amnesty: A survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece". W Corporate governance: A search for emerging trends in the pandemic times. Virtus Interpress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsetpt3.
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Although humanity has faced many plaques and epidemics from antiquity, the COVID-19 came as a tidal wave, overwhelming nations and governments. Restrictive measures, social distancing and ultimately lockdown and quarantine, emerged as a response to decelerate the spread of the disease and save human lives. These measures may have decreased COVID-19 cases, they had, however, an adverse impact on economic activity and stock markets (Ashraf, 2020). Research shows that the pandemic has already influenced the United States (the US), Germany, and Italy‘s stock markets more than the global financial crises (Shehzad, Xiaoxing, & Kazouz 2020)
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Tapia Olivas, Juan Carlos, Hector Enrique Ramírez Campbell i Margarita Gil Samaniego Ramos. "Feasibility Analysis for a Tidal Energy Pilot Site in the Gulf of California". W ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65084.
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Baja California is located in the northwestern region of Mexico and is a peninsula that borders the west by the Pacific coast and on the east by the Gulf of California, with 1,280 km of coastal area of which 560 km belong to the Gulf California and the rest to the Pacific Ocean. It is privileged with renewable energy resources and already has 720 MW of geothermal, 10 MW of Wind and 5 MW of Solar that presently are under construction. With the growing demand for electricity especially in the summer period, the use of tidal power is an opportunity to use a resource of this type in the coastal towns. This paper presents an analysis which assesses the bays of Santa Maria, San Luis Gonzaga, Los Angeles, El Pescador, El Soldado, Las Animas and San Rafael, as sites with ideal features for the implementation of tidal power generation technology. The analysis, weighed the constructive feasibility, site bathymetry, environmental impact to the area, roads, generation capacity and population of nearby sites. The Port of San Felipe with a population of 16,945 inhabitants, is located in the Gulf of California, having a population growth rate of 2.3 % year, and has 4,579 users in the residential sector who demand 27,483 MWh annually, being the months of July to August when they consume 60% of the year’s energy. It was calculated that the maximum estimated power potential was in the Bay of San Rafael with 14 MW, and the minimum power value was obtained for Bay of Soldado with 1.3 MW. However the Bay of Santa Maria with a maximum power of 2.5 MW is considered the most viable site for the development of a tidal project according to the weighing used primarily, due to its proximity to the Port of San Felipe. One of the main restrictions for the development of tidal energy on these sites is the high environmental impact that could occur in these areas. Due to the that as biophysical characteristics and coastal geomorphology of these bays, these sites are very fragile in terms of negative impacts that could be generated by changes in ocean currents due to the construction of infrastructure for tidal generation.
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Bos, Mark, Olger Koop i Ernst Bolt. "Safety Level of a Probabilistic Admittance Policy". W ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49357.
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The main factor restricting admission of deep-draught ships to ports is the risk of bottom contact. In the approach channels to Rotterdam and IJmuiden such ships are subject to tidal windows because of the limited depths in the approach channels. Some decades ago probabilistic methods were introduced for the allocation of tidal windows for the Euro-Maas channel to Rotterdam and later also for the IJ channel to IJmuiden. These methods are being further developed. The increased accuracy of computational methods and of forecasted wave conditions and water levels may lead to an increased accessibility of the port. Recent developments have resulted in the new tidal window advice program Protide (PRObabilistic TIdal window DEtermination). The objective of the work presented in this paper is the verification and validation of Protide for the Euro-Maas channel to Rotterdam and for the IJ channel to IJmuiden. The probability of bottom contact during channel transit is simulated for time series of ten years of measured wave data and water levels. The fleet of ships is represented by a limited number of ships and for each ship all possible tidal windows for the ten year period are determined with Protide. A database is developed with motion response characteristics for each of the representative ships. For all possible arrival times in the ten-year period, indicated as safe by Protide, a channel transit is simulated. The probability of bottom contact during the simulated transit is computed from the motion response characteristics of the ship and with the measured wave spectra and the measured water level. Two safety criteria are applied. Firstly the probability of bottom contact during a single channel transit should not be excessive. Secondly the total probability of bottom contact during a long period of application of the admittance policy should be limited. To determine the probability that a certain ship is in a certain section of the channel some elements from queuing theory are applied. The probability that the ship is present in each channel section combined with the probability of bottom contact results in the probability of bottom contact for the ship in the channel. This leads to a long term probability of bottom contact for the channel. This paper presents the analysis method and selected simulation results for Euro-Maas channel in detail.
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Sarkar, Sritama, Neil Bose i Mridul Sarkar. "Measurement Techniques for Full Scale Test of a Submersible Walking Dredger/ Miner". W SNAME 27th American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-2004-015.
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The use of surface floating dredgers in deep inland reservoirs, shelf areas and tidal inlets is limited by several operational restrictions and mobilization problems. Deployment of small, modular, autonomous to semi-autonomous submersible dredgers/ miners in these areas is expected to reduce the operational and mobilization constraints. Most of the existing submersible dredgers/ miners use tracks for locomotion on submerged ground. Legged locomotion is however favored in these natural unstructured terrains. A small, modular, walking submersible dredger/ miner is designed and a prototype is under construction. Prediction of the major design parameters of such a system requires a mathematical model integrating the processes of excavation, transportation of the excavated material and locomotion of the vehicle while moving on submerged ground. This paper gives a brief overview of the full scale tests to be performed with the prototype for validation of part of the mathematical model.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Restriction tidale"
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Atkinson, Dan, i Alex Hale, red. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, wrzesień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.