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1

Yue, Isaac. "The Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet: History, Myth, and Development". Ming Qing Yanjiu 22, nr 1 (14.11.2018): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24684791-12340022.

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Abstract In* terms of grandeur and extravagance, modern Chinese society tends to think of the Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet 滿漢全席 as the pinnacle of China’s culinary heritage. Its allure is best illustrated by what happened in 1977, when the Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) commissioned a Hong Kong restaurant named Kwok Bun 國賓酒樓 to recreate the banquet according to its “original” recipes. The preparation took over three months, involved more than one hundred and sixty chefs, and resulted in a meal that featured more than one hundred dishes.1 Since then, there has been no shortage of efforts made by different individuals, restaurants, and organizations to follow suit and recreate the Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet in a contemporary setting. These different endeavours commonly claim that they follow the most authentic recipes. Little did they realise that there is no such thing as an authentic recipe. In fact, historians cannot even agree on which era saw the banquet begin, though the leading candidates all date to the Qing dynasty (1644–1911); these are the reign of the Emperor Kangxi (r. 1661–1722), the reign of the Emperor Qianlong (r. 1735–1796), and the dynasty’s last decades. This paper examines the accuracy of these claims by analyzing a sample menu for the Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet recorded during Qianlong’s reign. This menu contains crucial information about the feast’s formative stages, information that has not yet been properly addressed by academics researching this topic. By drawing attention to the traditional dietary customs of ethnic Manchus and Han Chinese, understood in the context of contemporaneous Chinese gastronomy (to supplement the menu’s lack of contextual information), this paper provides a better understanding of the Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet and of Chinese gastronomy in general, in terms of their history, development, and cultural significance.
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Bredeloup, Sylvie. "African Trading Post in Guangzhou: Emergent or Recurrent Commercial Form?" African Diaspora 5, nr 1 (2012): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254612x646206.

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Abstract In the early 2000s, nationals of Sub-Saharan Africa who had settled in the market places of Hong Kong, Bangkok, Jakarta, and Kuala Lumpur, moved to Guangzhou and opened offices in the upper floors of buildings in Baiyun and Yuexiu Districts. These were located in the northwest of the city, near the central railway station and one of the two fairs of Canton. Gradually these traders were able to create the necessary conditions of hospitality by opening community restaurants on upper floors, increasing the number of showrooms and offices as well as the services of freight and customs clearance in order to live up to an African itinerant customer’s expectations. From interviews carried out between 2006 and 2009 in the People’s Republic of China and in Hong Kong, Bangkok, Dubai, and West Africa, the article will first highlight the economic logics which have contributed to the constitution of African trading posts in China and describe their extension from the Middle East and from Asia. The second part will determine the respective roles of migrants and traveling Sub-Saharan entrepreneurs, before exploring their interactions with Chinese society in the setting up of these commercial networks. It will also look at the impact of toughening immigration policies. It is the principle of the African trading posts of anchoring of some traders in strategic places negotiated with the host society that allows the movement but also the temporary settlement of many visitors. The first established traders purchase products manufactured in the hinterland to fulfill the demand of the itinerant merchants who in turn supply customers located in other continents.
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Dewald, Ben. "Tipping in Hong Kong restaurants". International Journal of Hospitality Management 22, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-4319(03)00044-6.

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Shi, Yujia. "Chinese and Western Fusion Factors in Hong Kong Culture from the Perspective of Tea Restaurants". International Journal of Education and Humanities 6, nr 2 (15.12.2022): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v6i2.3348.

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This article proves that different cultures of the East and the West have different influences on Hong Kong through a detailed introduction to various food flavors in Hong Kong. Hong Kong was colonized and ruled by the British for nearly a hundred years in the last century. Even though it has long since returned to the mainland, the British culture and Western food flavor of many years have been deeply embedded in the cultural flavor of Hong Kong. But on this basis, as a part of China for more than a thousand years, its cultural heritage and food flavor also contain a strong oriental flavor.
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Ching, Frank. "Hong Kong". Current History 95, nr 602 (1.09.1996): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1996.95.602.272.

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Chan, Grace Suk Ha, Anna Chun-Hsuan Hsiao i Ada Lai Yung Lee. "Exploration of Customer Compliant Behavior toward Asain Full-Service Restaurants". International Journal of Marketing Studies 8, nr 2 (28.03.2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v8n2p46.

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<p>The first law of service productivity and quality in restaurants is doing it right the first time. In today’s highly competitive environment, restaurants should acquire feedback from their customers to improve further the products and services they offer. One means to obtain customer feedback is to encourage and facilitate the complaint process. In response to an unhappy service, customers either speak with the management, their friends or do nothing, and they may also expect fair compensation whenever service failure occurs. This study aimed to investigate the complaint behavior of Hong Kong customers toward Asian full-service restaurants. A qualitative approach was adopted with a sample of 30 respondents who often dine in Asian full-service restaurants. Semi-structured questions were asked through an in-depth interview. Based on the results, the reasons for the complaints and complaint behavior of Hong Kong customers were identified, and recommendations were made to provide insights for industrial practitioners.</p>
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7

Lau, Tommy, Man Lai Cheung, Guilherme D. Pires i Carol Chan. "Customer satisfaction with sommelier services of upscale Chinese restaurants in Hong Kong". International Journal of Wine Business Research 31, nr 4 (18.11.2019): 532–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-10-2018-0060.

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Purpose The abolishment of the wine tax in Hong Kong has led to increased wine consumption and increased demand for wine-related professionals, such as sommeliers. Yet the importance of sommeliers’ value-adding performance in the context of upscale Chinese restaurants has not been examined. To address this gap, the SERVQUAL framework is adopted to examine the influence of sommeliers’ service quality (SQ) on customer satisfaction (CS) and loyalty in the context of upscale Chinese restaurants in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach The survey method is used to collect data from 302 units of the population of interest, partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to test the links between constructs. Findings Four of the seven dimensions of sommeliers’ service quality, namely, empathy, tangibles, credibility and assurance, have a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, whereas the impact of perceived value and responsiveness on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty is positive but only marginally significant. Reliability has a weak and non-significant impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Research limitations/implications Examining a small number of upscale Chinese restaurants in Hong Kong limits generalisation of the findings to other contexts. Replication of the research in different contexts will enhance generalizability. In terms of implications, the discussion highlights the importance of sommeliers’ service performance on customers’ SQ perceptions SQ, CS and loyalty, all of which are important variables for restaurateurs. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of the influence of the quality of sommelier’s SQ on CS and loyalty in upscale Chinese restaurants in Hong Kong. Given the lack of attention to this service role in the literature, the study contributes theory from which further understanding can develop.
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8

Baldwin, Watson. "The restauranteurship of Hong Kong’s premium Japanese restaurant market". International Hospitality Review 32, nr 1 (3.12.2018): 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ihr-07-2018-0004.

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PurposeHong Kong has a global reputation as an entrepreneurial hub. The Japanese restaurant community has grown and evolved over the last three decades into what many consider as a natural secondary market for Japanese food. As such, several Japanese restaurateurs have come to Hong Kong to enter Hong Kong’s premium Japanese restaurant market. The purpose of this paper is to explore this market of Japanese restaurateurship in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachOne of the closest methodologies within the topic and discipline from Baldwin (2017) focuses on Japaneseness as a measurement of culinary authenticity examining Hong Kong’s Michelin rated restaurants. Here, the qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with the chefs of two sets of premium Japanese restaurants from Japan that expanded in Hong Kong, Sushi Iwa and Sushi Yoshitake. As this paper focuses on the premium and high-end market of Japanese chefs and restaurateurs in Hong Kong, the researcher combined the approaches of Kawahara & Speece and Baldwin to pursue a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews.FindingsFor this research, the interview process had to be divided into two stages. The first was to speak with long standing members of Hong Kong’s Japanese restaurant community. The common thread amongst the restaurateurs was that they were either the sole proprietor or a partner who was financially vested within the company not a form of sweat equity. To respect the privacy of the interviews, questions about exact monetary amounts, number of shares and equity or anything regarding holdings were not asked. The idea was to only examine their responses within the criteria of the research objectives.Research limitations/implicationsAs the Michelin and premium market of Japanese cuisine is so small, this research can only represent a certain part of the market. Future research could examine other Japanese restaurateurs outside of this market that could be examined to gain a wider perspective of the entrepreneurial strategies they used to start-up their business in Hong Kong.Originality/valueAs research in this area is very limited, this paper helps bring restaurateurship in Hong Kong into the academic front. Restaurants are one of the most common entry points for new entrepreneurs in hospitality. This paper may help shed some light on how foreign investment entrepreneurship has been achieved in Asia.
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9

Chow, W. K., M. Y. Ng i M. K. Chan. "Fire Safety Aspects for Chinese Restaurants in Hong Kong". Architectural Science Review 45, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2002.9696933.

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10

Chow, W. K. "Zone Model Simulation of Fires in Chinese Restaurants in Hong Kong". Journal of Fire Sciences 13, nr 3 (maj 1995): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419501300306.

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The fire risk in Chinese restaurants in Hong Kong is studied in this paper. The local regulation, the existing design for fire safety and the past fire record are discussed. Surveys on the fire load in fifteen Chinese restaurants of different sizes are made and reported. The fire equivalent duration period, which is related to the surveyed fire load density is calculated. Since smoke is a key factor in discussions of fire safety, the time required to fill the restaurants with smoke had to be calculated. In this case, fire models have to be used and the zone model CFAST developed at the Building and Fire Research Labora tory, NIST, U.S.A. is used to study the fire environment. Correlations are derived between the equivalent duration period and the predicted maximum hot gas temperature and the corresponding smoke layer interface height.
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11

Law, Rob, Tammy To i Carey Goh. "How do Mainland Chinese travelers choose restaurants in Hong Kong?" International Journal of Hospitality Management 27, nr 3 (wrzesień 2008): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.10.004.

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Jeon, Sanghyb, i Bob McKercher. "Do Korean Restaurants Influence People to Travel to Korea?" Tourism Culture & Communication 21, nr 1 (14.04.2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16135685359929.

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This study examines the role of dining in local ethnic restaurants as a push factor in motivating people to visit the cuisine's country of origin. A study was conducted on Hong Kong residents who ate at a local Korean restaurants. The study found that dining in restaurants stimulated a desire to visit, regardless of whether respondents had visited Korea previously. Past visitors also found that they ate more frequently in local restaurants after their trip. However, food is only part of the reason. Dining in Korean restaurants represents an embodiment of Korean culture and tradition, enabling people to gain an authentic Korean experience. In doing so, they became more motivated to visit the country.
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13

Hung-Kay, Luk. "Hong Kong History and Culture". Chinese Sociology & Anthropology 30, nr 3 (kwiecień 1998): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csa0009-4625300313.

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Overholt, William H. "Hong Kong and China". Current History 84, nr 503 (1.09.1985): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1985.84.503.256.

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15

Soe, Valerie. "Hong Kong Cantopop: A concise history. Yiu-Wai Chu. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2017. 240 pp." Journal of Popular Music Studies 29, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): e12255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpms.12255.

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16

Sek-Hong, Ng, i Grace O. M. Lee. "Hong Kong Labor Market in the Aftermath of the Crisis: Implications for Foreign Workers". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 7, nr 2-3 (czerwiec 1998): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689800700203.

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Hong Kong suffered economically and socially from the Asian financial crisis. Due to the speculative attack on the Hong Kong dollar, which is pegged to the US dollar, businesses suffered from tight liquidity and high interest rates. The stock market as well as the property market plunged by more than 40 percent in less than nine months. Tourism and other consumption-related sectors such as retail and restaurants also suffered as a result of the depreciation of currencies in Japan and other Southeast Asian countries. Poor business performance led to mass lay-offs and retrenchment. However, the local workers rather than the guest workers were more adversely affected by the crisis. In spite of the guest workers' apparent marginality in the labor market, there have been hardly any reports of en masse retrenchment and repatriation of these workers. However, the chances of guest workers to obtain employment in Hong Kong may be on the downturn.
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Chan, Koon-Chung. "Hong Kong viscera". Postcolonial Studies 10, nr 4 (2.11.2007): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688790701621391.

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Jones, Geoffrey. "Elizabeth Sinn, Growing with Hong Kong. The Bank of East Asia 1919–1994 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1994)". Financial History Review 2, nr 2 (październik 1995): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565000001773.

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Kan, Flora, i Edward Vickers. "One Hong Kong, Two Histories: 'History' and 'Chinese history' in the Hong Kong school curriculum". Comparative Education 38, nr 1 (luty 2002): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050060120103865.

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Zhang, Ting, i Bo Huang. "Local Retail Food Environment and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable among Adults in Hong Kong". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 10 (14.10.2018): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102247.

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Outside of western countries, the study of the local food environment and evidence for its association with dietary behavior is limited. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) among adults in Hong Kong. Local retail food environment was measured by density of different types of retail food outlets (grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants) within a 1000 m Euclidean buffer around individual’s homes using a geographic information system (GIS). The Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) was calculated based on the relative density of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores. Logistic regressions were performed to examine associations using cross-sectional data of 1977 adults (18 years or older). Overall, people living in an area with the highest RFEI (Q4, >5.76) had significantly greater odds of infrequent FV consumption (<7 days/week) after covariates adjustment (infrequent fruit consumption: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.78; infrequent vegetable consumption: OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11–2.68) in comparison to the lowest RFEI (Q1, <2.25). Highest density of fast food restaurants (Q4, >53) was also significantly associated with greater odds of infrequent fruit consumption (<7 days/week) (unadjusted model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.73), relative to lowest density of fast food restaurants (Q1, <13). No significant association of density of grocery stores or convenience stores was observed with infrequent FV consumption regardless of the covariates included in the model. Our results suggest that the ratio of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores near people’s home is an important environmental factor in meeting fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines. “Food swamps” (areas with an abundance of unhealthy foods) rather than “food deserts” (areas where there is limited access to healthy foods) seems to be more of a problem in Hong Kong’s urban areas. We advanced international literature by providing evidence in a non-western setting.
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Flowerdew, John, i Rodney Jones. "Occupy Hong Kong". Journal of Language and Politics 15, nr 5 (29.11.2016): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.15.5.01flo.

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Tse, Alan C. B., Stella So i Leo Sin. "Crisis management and recovery: how restaurants in Hong Kong responded to SARS". International Journal of Hospitality Management 25, nr 1 (marzec 2006): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2004.12.001.

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Chung, Manson K. H., i Vincent C. S. Heung. "Tipping Behavior of Diners in Three Upscale Chinese Restaurants in Hong Kong". Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research 12, nr 3 (23.07.2007): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941660701416739.

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Overholt, William H. "China and British Hong Kong". Current History 90, nr 557 (1.09.1991): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1991.90.557.270.

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Chen, Wu. "Hong Kong’s Welfare System Under “Starting a New Chapter”: History and Prospects". World Journal of Social Science Research 10, nr 3 (21.07.2023): p44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v10n3p44.

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“Starting a new chapter for Hong Kong together” is the campaign slogan shouted by Mr. John Lee, the new chief executive of Hong Kong, under the new background of Hong Kong’s development. To start a new chapter, the primary goal is to solve various social problems accumulated in Hong Kong in the past, so Hong Kong’s welfare system should be reformed. This paper first analyzes the development history, current characteristics and driving factors of Hong Kong’s welfare system, finds that the progress of Hong Kong’s welfare system has been slow and it is difficult to respond to new social problems such as the large rich-poor gap, aging population, and working poverty, although Hong Kong has relatively comprehensive social welfare as an developed region. Where will Hong Kong’s welfare system go to start the new chapter? Starting from the real situation, this paper believes that Hong Kong will inevitably move towards a “People’s Livelihood-Oriented Active and Moderate Inclusive” welfare system based on the new government’s policy address and budget.
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Leong, Che-Hung. "History of surgery in Hong Kong". Surgical Practice 12, nr 1 (6.01.2008): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1633.2007.00389.x.

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SHAW, R., D. L. K. TANG, R. B. OWEN i R. J. SEWELL. "THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF HONG KONG". Asian Geographer 27, nr 1-2 (styczeń 2010): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2010.9684152.

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Wan, Yim King Penny, i Seongseop (Sam) Kim. "Intracultural differences in dining behavior and preferences among Hong Kong and Taiwan tourists". International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 15, nr 2 (11.02.2021): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-09-2020-0196.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the perceptions by owners and staff working in causal full-service restaurants in Macao of their two major subcultures of customers: Hong Kong Chinese and Taiwan Chinese in terms of their dining behavior and preferences. Design/methodology/approach Face-to-face interviews with 36 service staff of casual dining restaurants in Macao were conducted through the purposive convenience sampling method. Thematic content analysis was conducted in the data analysis. Findings The results reveal that although the customers from the two Chinese subcultures have a similar appearance, use the same Chinese characters and share common cultural inheritances; their dining behavior and preferences are perceived as being different. Practical implications Practical implications are given on how to better design the products and services to meet each subgroup’s needs for enhancing customers’ experience and service quality in restaurant settings. Originality/value This study focuses on examining if there are any sub-cultural differences in food behaviors and preferences among Hong Kong and Taiwan visitors, who are the major tourist sources in the world market. It contributes to the scarce literature on intracultural dining variances of sub-groups within Chinese.
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Chen, Huiyu. "An Analysis of Hong Kongs National Identity Struggle Through Secondary School History Education Perspective". Communications in Humanities Research 11, nr 1 (31.10.2023): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/11/20231456.

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Hong Kong's July 1st Conflict took place on the anniversary of the founding of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, when protesters clashed with the police and caused chaos resulting in huge losses in terms of public transport safety, finance and trade. The protesters stated that they only recognised Hong Kong citizenship and refused to be recognised as Chinese, and read out the Hong Kong People's Declaration of Resistance. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that Hong Kong's young generation identifies more with their Hong Kong citizenship and has a declining sense of belonging to the mainland China. This paper is dedicated to examining how Hong Kong and the Mainland differ in shaping the national identity of their citizens from the perspective of history education textbooks.
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Schulz, Ninja, Carolin Biewer i Lisa Lehnen. "Hongkongites, Hong Kongers, Hong Kong Belongers?" English World-Wide 41, nr 3 (9.11.2020): 295–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00052.sch.

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Abstract To find empirical evidence for Schneider’s (2007) periodisation for the emergence of Hong Kong English, Evans (2014, 2015) scrutinised various historical documents, such as newspapers, council proceedings and jury lists. Taking the increasing use of the terms Hongkonger and Hongkong people during the 1980s as evidence for the emergence of a new Hong Kong identity, he argued that the Chinese population considered themselves part of the community. This paper systematises Evans’ (2014) approach by analysing terms denoting ingroup and outgroup members in English news discourse in Hong Kong from 1903 to 1999. By tracing changes in frequency, reference and discourse topics associated with the terms, periods of identity reconstructions are uncovered and Schneider’s and Evans’ periodisations reassessed. The study thus contributes to our understanding of the social dynamics in Hong Kong’s history, which are considered key to the emergence of Hong Kong English.
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Tong, Christopher. "Hong Kong Poets and the Making of a Cosmopolitan Literary Genre". Writing Chinese: A Journal of Contemporary Sinophone Literature 2, nr 1 (20.12.2023): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/wcj.44.

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Hong Kong has always existed on the margins of history. Interestingly, Hong Kong’s liminal status also made it a cosmopolitan space for transcultural exchanges between Chinese and Western worlds throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Despite its unique position vis-à-vis China and the West, however, Hong Kong has long been dismissed as lacking cultural gravitas. As such, Hong Kong culture finds itself self-consciously confronting a perennial crisis: as the People’s Republic of China gains increasing recognition in the canons of world literature, Hong Kong’s cosmopolitan culture is indirectly side-lined in the process. Meanwhile, Hong Kong literature is routinely underrepresented in the canons of modern Chinese literature. Anthologies of modern Chinese poetry and poetry research, for instance, scarcely include Hong Kong poets, if at all. Given this context, this essay seeks to rearticulate the place of Hong Kong in modern Chinese literary history. More specifically, it traces the emergence of Hong Kong poetry as a cosmopolitan literary genre in the latter half of the twentieth century. The goals are threefold: to historicise the confluence of Chinese and Western literary traditions in the city of Hong Kong; to locate specific intersections of identity, language, and politics in the production of Hong Kong poetry; and to introduce biographical and bibliographical data on notable Hong Kong poets.
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Fu, Poshek. "Japanese Occupation, Shanghai Exiles, and Postwar Hong Kong Cinema". China Quarterly 194 (czerwiec 2008): 380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100800043x.

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AbstractThis article explores a little-explored subject in a critical period of the history of Hong Kong and China. Shortly after the surrender of Japan in 1945, China was in the throes of civil war between the Nationalists and Communists while British colonial rule was restored in Hong Kong, The communist victory in 1949 deepened the Cold War in Asia. In this chaotic and highly volatile context, the flows and linkages between Shanghai and Hong Kong intensified as many Chinese sought refuge in the British colony. This Shanghai–Hong Kong nexus played a significant role in the rebuilding of the post-war Hong Kong film industry and paved the way for its transformation into the capital of a global pan-Chinese cinema in the 1960s and 1970s. Focusing on a study of the cultural, political and business history of post-war Hong Kong cinema, this article aims to open up new avenues to understand 20th-century Chinese history and culture through the translocal and regional perspective of the Shanghai–Hong Kong nexus.
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Kong, Vivian. "‘Hong Kong is my Home’: The 1940 Evacuation and Hong Kong-Britons". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 47, nr 3 (29.10.2018): 542–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2018.1539727.

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Tong, Ruijie. "The Formation and Practical Dilemma of Hong Kong's Executive-Led System from the Perspective of British Colonial History and Policy". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 4, nr 1 (17.05.2023): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/4/20220361.

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Hong Kong, as a particular administrative region of China, practices a very different system from that of mainland China, in which Hong Kong practices an executive-led approach in the distribution of government power. The formation of this system has very much to do with the more than 150 years of British colonial rule and its policies in Hong Kong. The focus of this paper is how Britain, as the suzerain state, exerted its influence on the colony and eventually made Hong Kong an executive-led system. Also, this study examines the dilemma of the executive-led system in Hong Kong today and the reasons for the hole's formation. This paper finds that Hong Kong's Executive-led system is essentially an extension of the Governor's system. It is the result of the influence of various policies during the British colonial rule in Hong Kong
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Wong Foreman, Matthew. "The Making of the Eurasian in Fin-de-Siècle Hong Kong". Pacific Historical Review 92, nr 4 (2023): 576–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.4.576.

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This article examines the emergence of the Hong Kong Eurasian community through analyzing the rise of a transnational “Chineseness” in fin-de-siècle Hong Kong. Specifically, it interrogates competing visions of who qualified as Chinese in the years surrounding a 1902 debate over the proposed appointment of Robert Ho Tung, a Eurasian, as the Chinese representative to the Legislative Council. The article argues that the rising prejudice Eurasians faced in the early twentieth century prompted many Hong Kong Eurasians to disidentify with local Chinese and instead establish their own community. This prejudice was due to a hardening of racial typology from the mid-nineteenth century onward, a discursive process rooted in the increasingly racialized geopolitical landscape across the transpacific region during the same period. Transnational Chineseness, an interpretation of Chinese identity that privileged immutable racial characteristics above all else, entered Hong Kong discourse at the turn of the century. Hong Kong was a staging ground for a global racial discourse where competing conceptions simultaneously denied yet reified color lines.
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Smart, Alan. "Consuming Hong Kong. Edited by Gordon Mathews and Tai-lok Lui. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2002. xi, 340 pp. $45.00 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 62, nr 1 (luty 2003): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096180.

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Strand, D. "FUNG CHI MING. Reluctant Heroes: Rickshaw Pullers in Hong Kong and Canton, 1874-1954. (Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Studies Series.) Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 2005. Pp. xx, 216. $49.50". American Historical Review 112, nr 3 (1.06.2007): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.112.3.830.

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Baker, Hugh D. R. "Social Change in Hong Kong: Hong Kong Man in Search of Majority". China Quarterly 136 (grudzień 1993): 864–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000032367.

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In 1983 when The China Quarterly published a special issue on Hong Kong, I attempted to synthesize the history of its urban social life, coining the term “Hong Kong Man” to describe what I considered to be the emergence of an identifiable unique social animal. Hong Kong Man, I suggested, was neither Chinese nor British. I characterized him as quick-thinking, flexible, tough for survival, excitement-craving, sophisticated in material tastes, and self-made in a strenuously competitive world. He operated in the context of a most uncertain future, control over which was in the hands of others, and for this as well as for historical reasons he lived “life in the short term”.
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39

Fu, Poshek. "Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self. By Yingchi Chu. [London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. xxi+184 pp. £55.00. ISBN 0-7007-1746-3.]". China Quarterly 177 (marzec 2004): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741004370128.

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The recent success of Jackie Chan, Chow Yun-fat, Jet Li, Wong Kar-wai, and John Woo in reaching a global audience, along with the enormous changes in Hong Kong since the early 1990s, has attracted a lot of critical attention to Hong Kong cinema around the world. Beginning with Stephen Teo's Hong Kong Cinema (1997) and David Bordwell's Planet Hong Kong (2000), scholarship on the cinema of Hong Kong – whether from the perspective of cultural identity, global culture, film history, or film art – has greatly expanded. Australian scholar Yingchi Chu's book, Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self, contributes to this growing trend.Hong Kong Cinema is a brief but ambitious book. In less than 150 pages, it tries to map out the entire history of the cinema, from the 1910s to developments after the 1997 takeover. The book draws on a provocative conceptual framework to provide a sweeping overview of Hong Kong cinema and offers some fascinating observations on the industry. However, the book needs further revisions to bring out its rich potential.
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Wong, John D. "Constructing the Legitimacy of Governance in Hong Kong: “Prosperity and Stability” Meets “Democracy and Freedom”". Journal of Asian Studies 81, nr 1 (24.01.2022): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911821002230.

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Abstract The current political crisis in Hong Kong is characterized by a level of social unrest that the city has not seen since the riots of 1966–67. After that earlier round of turmoil, the British colonial regime secured legitimacy through socioeconomic improvement in Hong Kong. “Prosperity and Stability” became the hallmark of Hong Kong's success, which extended into the period of political uncertainty in the 1980s. Transcending the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, this catchphrase was adopted as the slogan of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government in its bid for legitimacy through socioeconomic appeals. Against this perennial state rhetoric, grassroots protesters began to demand “Democracy and Freedom” around June Fourth. These public demands have escalated since the Umbrella Movement in an environment of socioeconomic regression. Examining these two pairs of keywords—prosperity/stability and democracy/freedom—this article underscores the contention in the legitimacy of governance in Hong Kong since the closing decades of British rule. This analysis indicates that it would be unproductive for the governing authorities or the protesters to deny the earnestness of either the political or socioeconomic assertions in the ongoing contention of legitimacy to govern Hong Kong.
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Zhou, Ziheng. "Flowing landscapes: Hong Kong leftist documentary films during the Cold War (1954–1979)". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, nr 12-3 (1.12.2022): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202212statyi96.

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Hong Kong leftist cinema took “landscape” as their theme to avoid the risks of censorship by the British Hong Kong authorities. These “landscapes” not only allowed viewers to project patriotic feelings, but also built a sense of community of destiny between Mainland China and Hong Kong. Sorting out the characteristics of leftist documentaries allows you to get a more complete picture of the view of Hong Kong's leftist culture.
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Huiyan, Gao. "Cherishing the Memory of Hong Kong". Chinese Studies in History 36, nr 1 (październik 2002): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-4633360113.

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Linzhen, Qu. "America Is Better Than Hong Kong". Chinese Studies in History 36, nr 1 (październik 2002): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csh0009-4633360128.

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Lam, Jen, i Sammie Ng. "History of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects". Ardeth, nr 10 (2022): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17454/ardeth10-11.12.

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Despite having a key impact on professionalization and design, the role of the professional institute is often taken for granted in the architectural field. This piece centers on the overlooked history of the Hong Kong Institute of Architects (HKIA) to unravel the complex processes of professionalization in a specific spatio-temporal context – Hong Kong. Compared to other countries, the making of architecture in Hong Kong could be vastly different, where theoretic discourses and nationalistic ambitions have been less influential. As the representative, examination, and accreditation body of Hong Kong architects, HKIA would be a pivotal stakeholder in shaping the architectural practice. The institute’s struggle for proper recognition of architects over the years through professionalization would be marked by different and evolving strategies, both inward and outward. It is also emblematic of the struggle between different competencies which makes it challenging to define the role of the architect and consequential when it comes to the profession’s agency in shaping the built environment more broadly.
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KEVIN HO, CHUNG-HIN, i HEI-HANG HAYES TANG. "Building Houses by the Rootless People: Youth, Identities, and Education in Hong Kong". Harvard Educational Review 90, nr 2 (1.06.2020): 282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-90.2.282.

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In this essay, Chung-Hin Kevin Ho, a history education university student in Hong Kong, narrates his search for civic identity. Composed through a process of critical and reflective dialogue with Hayes Tang, the essay describes the tension between Chung-Hin’s Chinese ethnic and cultural identity and the democratic values held by Hong Kongers. As a student, he and his peers had to navigate these competing conceptions of identity in their coursework and examinations. The youth of Hong Kong, including Chung-Hin, have protested against the Chinese government, and have fought to protect the values of Hong Kong. As a future educator, Chung-Hin has advice for the government administrations of both Hong Kong and China: work with Hong Kongers to help them “build their own house.” Chung-Hin argues that if Hong Kong is to become closer to China, it cannot be done through force or propaganda. Further, Chung-Hin contends that education initiatives that change the history curriculum of Hong Kong schools is not enough to bring the youth of the city to heel. Chung-Hin’s experiences, and his own understanding of history education in Hong Kong, have helped him see that the values of Hong Kongers need to be respected if there is any hope of gaining their trust and acceptance. In this timely essay, Chung-Hin highlights how government policies and historical legacies have shaped his personal experience and educational trajectory in Hong Kong, as well as the other students who are a part of the largest youth protest movement in recent memory.
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Morton, Brian. "P. Kevin MacKeown, Early China Coast Meteorology: The Role of Hong Kong, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press (Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Studies Series), 2010, xvi, 289 pp." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 40, nr 1 (25.06.2014): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-04001005.

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Schenk, Catherine R. "Closing the Hong Kong Gap: The Hong Kong Free Dollar Market in the 1950s". Economic History Review 47, nr 2 (maj 1994): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2598085.

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Tat Shum, Terence Chun. "Culinary diaspora space: Food culture and the West African diaspora in Hong Kong". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 29, nr 2 (czerwiec 2020): 283–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196820938603.

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This article examines how food practices contribute to the lived experience of the West African diaspora in Hong Kong. Drawing on in-depth interviews and participant observations of Africans in different African restaurants, grocery stalls and cultural events, this article proposes the concept of a “culinary diaspora space” to examine how they navigate spaces of solidarity and struggle during their integration process through African food-related practices. It highlights the point at which boundaries of inclusion and exclusion are contested by revealing the practical and symbolic roles played by migrants’ traditional food culture throughout the integration process. This research argues that African food outlets are a space of social frictions but also of possible cultural encounters between the Africans and Hong Kong Chinese. By focusing on food-related practices, this research demonstrates how the West African diaspora is felt, embodied and perceived by the host society.
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Zou, Han. "A History of the Evolution of Building Control in Hong Kong (1841-1997)". Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (sierpień 2013): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.257.

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In the colonial period during 1841 to 1997, Hong Kong had developed much from a fishing village to an international metropolis and also the building industry developed at the same time. This paper takes a historic view to review the evolution of building control in Hong Kong, and then the characteristics in each phase can be summed up. The legislation of building control of Hong Kong set an example especially for high-density urbanization.
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Baker, Hugh D. R. "James Hayes: Friends and teachers: Hong Kong and its people 1953—87. xxiv, 320 pp. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1996. US $28.20." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 61, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00014725.

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