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Zehrouni, Afafe. "Planification intégrée et robuste des ressources ferroviaires". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM008.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe railway operations' planning consists in finding the best use of the available infrastructure, rollingstock and crew units to cover a given timetable. A commonly adopted scheme breaks down planningas decision-making levels and resources.However, the occurrence of perturbations may deteriorate the quality of the solutions or even makethem infeasible. Therefore, railway operators aim to find robust schedules that minimize the impact ofperturbations. To this purpose, the decisions made for each resource (infrastructure, rolling stock andcrew) must include the demand cover as well as the robustness objectives.Nevertheless, all tested strategies focus on a single resource at a time, neglecting resource sharing andits impact on the robustness. But the sequential scheme of resource planning can increase thepropagation delays on other trains. Integrating of tactical decisions of the three resourcesinfrastructure, rolling stock and crew can result in a more robust schedule that minimizes thepropagation of delays. The main motivations of the thesis come from this idea.The objective of this work is to develop decision support tools that provide an integrated and robustplanning of railway resources at the tactical level. We propose in this thesis several contributions:1. An optimization model that aims to develop a robust transport plan of the three critical resourcessimultaneously.2. A simulation model (discrete event) to assess the robustness of transport plans. We are trying at thisstage to reproduce the actual behavior of the rail system and the use of three critical resources
Benhizia, Faten. "OPTIMISATION DU PLAN DE TRANSPORT PAR PLANIFICATION INTEGREE DES RESSOURCES". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EMSE0668/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe planning of railway production at the french national railways (sncf) is currently based on a mainly sequential process in which the design of railway timetabling widely conditioning design planning of railway equipment (rolling stock), then one of the train drivers (driver rosters). this strategy of sequential planning of railway resources massively adopted for practical and scientific reasons (expertise, complexity of the railway system, etc.). however, this strategy generates solutions which can be more expensive and less robust to uncertainties, because decisions taken at any given stage can significantly reduce the overall feasible solutions of the following steps.given this situation and the strong interaction between these heterogeneous and very expensive resources, the thesis deals with the feasibility and inputs of a process where these critical resources could be planned and optimized in an integrated way. the thesis focuses on the feasibility study, prototyping and validation of an integrated approach for planning rolling stocks and drivers, so as to improve the efficiency of the overall transportation plan, increase sncf competitiveness and enhance the quality of its services. we propose a mixed integer linear programming formulation of the rolling stock/ train drivers integrated planning problem. in this mathematical model, each planning sub-problem is formalized and coupling constraints are further introduced to model the interdependencies of these two resources when they are simultaneously used for train production. in this heuristic, the solution of the lagrangian dual and the calculation of feasible solutions are performed by calling two proprietary software modules available at sncf for planning rolling stocks and train drivers. the heuristic is tested experimentally with real data from the ter bretagne region, and several evolutions are introduced in the models and algorithms so as to improve their performances.validation tests on of real data sets at an industrial scale are encouraging and, when compared to a traditional (sequential) approach, show gain of up to 4% for train drivers used
Zhang, Qiao. "Contribution à l'ordonnancement d'ateliers avec ressources de transports". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909927.
Pełny tekst źródłaRevenu, Marine. "Ressources et utilisations de la pierre dans le Bassin parisien à l'époque romaine". Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100043/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe stone, omnipresent in Roman Gaul, has paradoxically been little studied. When considered, researches have most of the time been limited to the architectural and ornamental functions of the stone. A socio-economic analysis of its implementation is generally lacking. During the course of this doctoral research, set within a limited time-frame, two oft-disregarded themes of study have been privileged: the resources and distribution of productions. This study will not tackle the extraction, the quarries’ functional organisation or the transformation of raw materials but will focus on three elements of the production chain: the use, the distribution and the trading of the stone in the Paris Basin in the Roman period. One has chosen to centre one’s attention on the Construction Stone exclusively, not considering the already well-studied ornamental rocks. This approach has been based on the principle of the complementary features of archaeology and geology. This study shows that monuments were built with stones from the Paris Basin. The use of these stones was judicious, carefully thought-out and was at the level of their capacity. This selection reveals the existence of specific markets. The traffic of stones highlights privileged distribution areas. It testifies to the presence of an extensive supply network for the conveyance of distant rocks and to the existence of a well-developed and well-organised commerce of the Construction Stone across numerous cities in the Lyonnaise, Belgium and Britannia during the High Empire
Lucas, Rémi. "Planification adaptative des ressources ferroviaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03009036.
Pełny tekst źródłaRailway planning consists of drawing up a transportation plan before operational time, specifying a planning for each resource: the train paths, which correspond to the schedules, the rolling stock that will be used to move the trains, and the crew on board the trains. Given the complexity of the railway system, this transportation plan is carried out potentially several years in advance, when a precise transportation plan is drawn up.However, once a resource has been planned, it is sometimes necessary to adapt the transportation plan and therefore change it. There may be many reasons for this: schedule changes due to work, partially damaged infrastructure, request for an additional train set for a train, damage to a type of rolling stock, etc. Thus, the transportation plan may sometimes be adapted several times between its design, potentially several years in advance, and its execution on the day of traffic. It is therefore legitimate to ask whether the design of a precise transport plan with such large time scales is reasonable.In this thesis, we consider the adding of flexibility to the planning process so that the effort to adapt the transportation plan when necessary is reduced. We introduce the notion of transportation plan adaptation costs, and we propose to make these adaptation costs explicit for the rolling stock resource. In particular, we specify the structural adaptation costs, which make it possible to quantify the similarities between two different rolling stock plannings. Adaptive planning consists in anticipating possible future adaptations of the transport plan as early as the design phase. Several Integer Linear Programs are introduced and experimental results are proposed on real SNCF instances. The adaptive planning approach can be compared with the current approach, and it is shown that the adaptation costs can be effectively reduced by adopting this new way of planning
Jouma'a, Joffrey. "Stratégies d'acquisition des ressources en proies et coût du transport chez l'éléphant de mer austral". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS014/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Southern Ocean is a fragile ecosystem whose dynamics are influenced by climate change that will structure the spatio-temporal distribution of resources. The objective of this PhD was to investigate the foraging strategies used by the southern elephant seal, under energetic (cost of transport and costs of access to the resource) and temporal (time at the bottom of a dive and aerobic dive limit) constraints. Using a set of animal-borne data loggers allowed us to reconstruct their three-dimensional path underwater, but also to calculate their swimming effort, the number of prey encountered and their energy expenditure. At the dive level, our study shows that elephant seals adapt their path, but also the time spent at the bottom, depending on the number of prey encountered. For high local prey density, they spent more time at the bottom, and concentrated their foraging effort in areas restricted search, characterized by a decrease in speed and an increase in horizontal sinuosity. Beyond 550 m, the cost of access to resources becomes greater than the cost of acquisition ; they must therefore deal with a trade-off between prey accessibility and availability. While feeding, these seals increase their buoyancy, reducing furthermore their energy expenditure. This study also shows a spatio-temporal structure of the energy expenditure that appears to be related to feeding success and therefore to prey resources distribution
Baumstark, Luc. "Tarification de l'usage des infrastructures et théorie de l'allocation optimale des ressources : de la logique de la couverture des coûts à la logique de la révélation des préférences". Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO22027.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe issue of infrastructure pricing has always been one of the major preoccupations of economists. Today more than ever, with the deregulation of the transport sector, it is in the spotlight of economic and political discussions, like most network goods. Theorists in public regulation have especially looked into the pricing procedures, which play a major role in the allocation of scarce resources. In this context, the pricing system has both avoiding waste of resources and situations in which demand of mobility is not properly satisfied. These theoretical objectives lead, on the one hand, to base pricing on investment and infrastructure funding, on the other hand to base pricing on way to regulate congested infrastructures, and lastly to base pricing on internalization of environmental externalities. The debates about infrastructure usage pricing are often limited to the costs which have to be charged on users. The theoretical analysis means further and requires to tackle pricing system as a way to force economic actors to reveal their willingness to pay in order to assure the realization of the social surplus. The actors concerned are just as well national or local authorities, citizen, users, taxpayers, as transport operators which appear with the spread of demand mobility
Toka, Iman. "Etude du gène BAC2 codant un transporteur mitochondrial d'acides aminés basiques induit par la contrainte hyperosmotique chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066538.
Pełny tekst źródłaBriere, Raphaël. "Etude ACV des chantiers de démolition en vue de la préservation des ressources : focus sur les procédés de transport et de décharge". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe preservation of natural ressources is one of the biggest concerns for the years to come. The building sector that fulfills the need of a housing for every human being requires a lot of materials. Indeed, this industry plays a crucial role. Then, it seems relevant to study the building end of life which managing can transform waste into ressources. Thanks to the Life Cycle Assessment, it is possible to evaluate the environmental impacts of demolition sites and also to estimate the potential benefits of a more durable managing. From a traditional demolition where waste separation was not or little done, we are now going to a selective demolition where waste sorting is made and the different waste categories are sent to specific installations (recycling platforms, incinerators or landfills for example). Nowadays, waste recyling is being encouraged particularly for materials where the environmental benefits come with the economic ones like for metals. Our work considered the reuse of structural elements in reinforced concrete instead of their recycling. It allows to increase their lifetime while decreasing the need in mineral ressources. The environmental relevance of this solution was studied. The second contribution deals with the data adaptation needed in LCA. During the various LCA studies done in this work, the Ecoinvent database was used. However, the provided data was often too aggregated and consisted in average data which reduces the relevance of using it in specific cases. A deep analysis of the truck transportation and the landfill processes was made as well as the adaptation needed to be coherent with the specific case of demolition sites located in France. In the case of the transport process, the empty returns were more specifically taken into account. For the landfill process, one has to deal with the differences between the french and the swiss infrastructures used as the reference ones. Thus, this data adaptation could be extended to other transport and landfill processes but also to other Ecoinvent processes in order to reinforce the reliability of LCA studies
Mehani, Olivier. "Contributions aux mécanismes de réseau pour un usage adaptatif des ressources mobiles". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00711154.
Pełny tekst źródłaLambilliotte, Raphaël. "Développement d'outils et de ressources moléculaires pour l'utilisation de l'espèce "Hebeloma cylindrosporum" comme modèle d'étude de la symbiose ectomycorhizienne". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20164.
Pełny tekst źródłaThiard, Florence. "Ordonnancement de ressources de transports : flow-shops robotisés circulaires et un problème pratique de gestion ferroviaire". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM070/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe first part of this work deals with cyclic production for throughput optimization in robotic flow-shops, where a robot is in charge of the material handling of parts. Robotic cells may have a linear or a circular layout. Most theoretical results for the linear layout do not hold for the circular layout. In particular, the problem of finding the best one part production cycle (1-cycle), which is a polynomial problem for linear additive cells, has been proved NP-hard for the corresponding circular configuration.We mainly focus on a special case of circular balanced cells, where the processing times are identical for all machines. After presenting tools for cyclic analysis in circular cells, we study necessary properties of efficient 1-cycles. These results allow to conclude on the best one part production cycle for any parameters in circular balanced cells up to 8 machines. However, we provide a counter-example to the classical 1-cycle conjecture, still open for this configuration.Then, we study the structure of efficient one part production cycles in arbitrarily large circular balanced cells. We introduce and study a new family of cycles based on this structure, and formulate a conjecture on its dominance over one part-production cycles, which would lead to a polynomial algorithm for finding the best 1-cycle for circular balanced cells. This structure allows to settle the best one part production cycle for cells with up to 11 machines.In a second part, we present work on an industrial problem of railway stock scheduling proposed by the French railway company in the context of the ROADEF/EURO competition. We propose a greedy algorithm for this problem combining the various aspects of trains handling inside a station
Naudin, Edith. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules avec contraintes de ressources : modélisations par arcs-états et techniques de résolution adaptées". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0038.
Pełny tekst źródłaEllouze, Selim. "Mécanismes de collaboration entre réseaux et services applicatifs pour l'optimisation des ressources et des services". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S050/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this new digital world, driven by the dominance of a model based on the opportunities offered by global access to the Internet and its killer app: the World Wide Web, access to information is becoming a matter of a good experience and responsiveness. We are witnessing the Web services are of increasing popularity. New types of terminals are proposed. Communications technologies are improved. Users expectations are becoming higher. In such a context, network operators are facing serious challenges arising from the management of a massive traffic growth, largely driven by the increasing amount of video streams while internet services providers are also concerned by the issue of providing an adequate quality of experience to their end-users. For both actors, these dual trends present both challenges and opportunities. The challenges arise from the issues of managing the growing demand for traffic while maintaining appropriate quality of experience for users. Opportunities come from a smart management of the increasing demands of Web services in terms of quality of services and of the resources that will support the delivery of these services. It is then crucial for each actor to be well-positioned in the value chain to take part in this process. The role that will be played by the networks, as a basic set of oversized pipes, or as an intelligent network providing advanced management facilities, perfectly illustrates this issue. These two alternatives are respectively known as the "dumb-pipe" or "smart networks". In this thesis, we consider a new approach, which is simple, effective and adapted to meet these challenges. Network operators and service providers can mutually benefit from improving the data delivery in the networks while continuing to fully control their infrastructures. This collaborative approach is the starting bloc of our work aiming at defining a framework, an architecture and appropriate procedures to bring these actors to work together to manage this problem. This collaboration is particularly necessary because each actor, though prisoner of its constraints and capacities, can turn them into a contractual relation with the other in a client-supplier process for the optimization of traffic management
Baron, Benjamin. "Transport intermodal de données massives pour le délestage des réseaux d'infrastructure". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066454/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we exploit the daily mobility of vehicles to create an alternative transmission medium. Our objective is to draw on the many vehicular trips taken by cars or public transports to overcome the limitations of conventional data networks such as the Internet. In the first part, we take advantage of the bandwidth resulting from the mobility of vehicles equipped with storage capabilities to offload large amounts of delay-tolerant traffic from the Internet. Data is transloaded to data storage devices we refer to as offloading spots, located where vehicles stop often and long enough to transfer large amounts of data. Those devices act as data relays, i.e., they store data it is until loaded on and carried by a vehicle to the next offloading spot where it can be dropped off for later pick-up and delivery by another vehicle. We further extend the concept of offloading spots according to two directions in the context of vehicular cloud services. In the first extension, we exploit the storage capabilities of the offloading spots to design a cloud-like storage and sharing system for vehicle passengers. In the second extension, we dematerialize the offloading spots into pre-defined areas with high densities of vehicles that meet long enough to transfer large amounts of data. The performance evaluation of the various works conducted in this thesis shows that everyday mobility of entities surrounding us enables innovative services with limited reliance on conventional data networks
Laurent, Arnaud. "Proposition et étude d'une extension du RCPSP pour la Mutualisation entre plusieurs sites : définition, formalisation, méthodes exactes et métaheuristiques". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC096/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaRésumé non disponible
Tabach, Eddy El. "Étude de l'impact d'une pollution accidentelle et d'une pollution agricole sur les ressources en eau souterraine". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Tabach.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCette étude permet de dégager les paramètres prépondérants. Ces paramètres sont ensuite considérés pour la construction d'une base de données qui sert à la calibration d'un modèle basé sur les "réseaux de neurones ". Ce modèle est utilisé dans le cas de l'étude de l'impact de l'aménagement de la RN2 entre Avesnes sur Helpes et Maubeuge sur les champs captants du synclinal de Bachant. La troisième partie traite de la migration d'une pollution diffuse d'origine agricole (nitrates) dans la zone non saturée. On présente la zone d'étude et les résultats des suivis in situ, en ce qui concerne d'une part les apports d'engrais en surface (historiques culturaux) et d'autre part les mesures de profils en nitrates effectués pour certains sondages. On présente ensuite la construction de la base de données. Les variables d'entrée retenues sont les historiques culturaux en surface (apports d'azote), l'épaisseur de la couche de couverture limoneuse en dessous de la zone racinaire, la profondeur de la nappe et le temps. Finalement, on présente le modèle de réseaux de neurones artificiels et son application à la construction de cartes de contamination en nitrates de la partie supérieure de la nappe
Han, Bing. "Réseaux de transport optique flexibles : apport de la combinaison des domaines temporel et spectral pour adapter la granularité des ressources optiques aux besoins de l'opérateur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe ever increasing traffic demand is a big challenge for the operators to increase the network capacity while lowering CAPEX and OPEX. To address these challenges, it is expected to increase flexibility of the network resources allocation while realizing directly the IP traffic routing in the optical layer. In this background, the “TIme and Spectral optical Aggregation (TISA)” approach has thus been proposed to allow a purely optical aggregation with the finest possible granularity thanks to the combination of temporal and spectral domains. The main objective of this thesis was to realize a proof of concept of the TISA concept to demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of the TISA solution. To accomplish this objective, we have designed and realized a multi-band OFDM optical burst transmitter with a narrow linewidth fast tunable laser. This laser has been implemented by combining external cavity lasers with semiconductor optical amplifier based optical gates. The transmitter is able to generate OFDM bursts in both DP-QPSK and DP-16QAM modulation formats while introducing a small penalty compared to the continuous flows configuration. We have performed the transmission of these bursts through the TISA network and have measured the bit error rates, which show less than 1 dB penalty for both modulation formats. Our results clearly show the feasibility of the TISA solution and demonstrate the ability to perform a purely optical aggregation/disaggregation and transparent routing while offering a sub-wavelength granularity in both time and spectral domains at the optical layer level
Bougueddach, Khadija. "L'alignement des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines au contexte stratégique et la performance : cas des chauffeurs dans les sociétés de transport en commun au Québec /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaron, Benjamin. "Transport intermodal de données massives pour le délestage des réseaux d'infrastructure". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066454.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we exploit the daily mobility of vehicles to create an alternative transmission medium. Our objective is to draw on the many vehicular trips taken by cars or public transports to overcome the limitations of conventional data networks such as the Internet. In the first part, we take advantage of the bandwidth resulting from the mobility of vehicles equipped with storage capabilities to offload large amounts of delay-tolerant traffic from the Internet. Data is transloaded to data storage devices we refer to as offloading spots, located where vehicles stop often and long enough to transfer large amounts of data. Those devices act as data relays, i.e., they store data it is until loaded on and carried by a vehicle to the next offloading spot where it can be dropped off for later pick-up and delivery by another vehicle. We further extend the concept of offloading spots according to two directions in the context of vehicular cloud services. In the first extension, we exploit the storage capabilities of the offloading spots to design a cloud-like storage and sharing system for vehicle passengers. In the second extension, we dematerialize the offloading spots into pre-defined areas with high densities of vehicles that meet long enough to transfer large amounts of data. The performance evaluation of the various works conducted in this thesis shows that everyday mobility of entities surrounding us enables innovative services with limited reliance on conventional data networks
Delisle, Simon. "Conception d’un système d'aide à la décision facilitant la coordination interdépartementale pour l'allocation de la production et la planification du transport dans le secteur forestier". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70309.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaraketi, Sami. "Ingénierie des réseaux optiques SDH et WDM et étude multicouche IP/MPLS sur OTN sur DWDM". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOptical transport networks currently constitute base infrastructures for modern day telecommunications systems. Given the huge investments required for deploying these networks, and in particular concerning equipment costs (fiber optics, cards, transponders, etc.), routing optimization and resource allocation are indispensable issues for mastering the operational expenditures (OPEX). In this context, the work conducted in this thesis handle a set of resource allocation problems which arise while planning not only optical SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) and WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) networks, but also multilayer ones based on an optical transport layer. First, the circuit routing problem in SDH networks is tackled with the main objective of minimizing the bandwidth fragmentation. This problem is formulated as an Integer Linear Program (ILP) integrating a set of realistic routing, transmission and cross-connect constraints and using granular resource costs. An exact algorithm and two heuristics are proposed to solve this problem. The rerouting problem of SDH circuits, which faces operators when it becomes absolutely necessary to reduce the bandwidth fragmentation in the network, is also addressed. For real instances of the studied problems, it is shown that the proposed methods provide considerable economic gains. Second, two planning problems for WDM network optimization is tackled. The first problem is that of the logical network design, or in other words that concerned with the definition of lightpaths to route a set of traffic demands with a minimum transponder cost. The second problem is related to the routing and the wavelength assignment: how to route the previously defined lightpaths so as to minimize the total number of assigned wavelengths while respecting a set of technological constraints? These two problems are formulated as Integer Linear Programs (ILPs) and are solved using efficient heuristics, based on a successive approximation for the first problem and a decomposition approach for the second one. Here again, experimental results show that the proposed methods allow obtaining good quality approximations for large scale instances. Finally, resource allocation in new generation multilayer networks, that is IP/MPLS over OTN (Optical Transport Network) over DWDM (Dense WDM), is addressed. In this case, the question that most of the operators seek to answer is how to route layer 3 traffic demands while optimizing resource allocation, not only in the IP/MPLS layer, but also in the underlying OTN and DWDM layers. For this purpose, a new multilayer optimization model is proposed. It takes into account a hierarchy of material constraints and defines a tradeoff between the resource costs in the three network layers. The set of proposed optimization algorithms have been integrated into the network planning and optimization environment NEST of QoS Design, which is used by major operators to plan their network
Idel, Mahjoub Yassine. "Etude des systèmes de transport public et réseaux logistiques par les réseaux de Petri colorés et l'algèbre (max, +) : modélisation, évaluation de performances et optimisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0055.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work focuses on optimal management, resource sharing and conflicts resolution in Discrete Event Systems (DES). We mainly focus on public transportation systems and supply chains. The main objective of this work is to develop a generic approach to represent the functioning of a DES in a real and dynamic context, with fewer simplifying assumptions. More precisely, we aim to develop theoretical models, describing the behavior of the real system characterized by different phenomena including conflicts and resource sharing. In order to solve these phenomena, we develop algorithms and routing policies to arbitrate conflicts and thus determine and control the different states of the system. To this end, we propose a new modelling approach combining colored Petri nets and (max, +) algebra. The obtained models make it possible to study and evaluate the behavior of the system and therefore prove its performance properties. As a second contribution, and in order to improve the performance of the system, a control approach based on residuation theory in dioid algebra is developed. The purpose of this control is to ensure a certain performance both for users, in terms of waiting times and travel times, and for companies in terms of the number of transportation means to deploy in the network (vehicles, etc.) in order to minimize their costs. The developed models are generic and can be applied to any public transportation network (bus network, rail network, multimodal network, etc.) of any size. Similarly, these models are adapted to supply chain networks in order to minimize storage and transport times for goods in different warehouses and distribution hubs. Illustrative examples are given to show the applicability of the proposed approach and the obtained results are promising. These examples enables the verification and the validation of the developed models through concrete scenarios. Finally, a simulation tool, based on established models and programmed with python, is developed. This tool is used to study, analyze and control DES, particularly public transportation systems and supply chains
Doyon, Jean-François. "Intention et perception des opérateurs et gestionnaires commerciaux de l'industrie maritime de vrac relativement à l'ouverture des passages arctiques". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26664.
Pełny tekst źródłaTahiri, Ayoub. "Optimisation des flux dans les réseaux de transport pour les systèmes dynamiques étendus : cas des systèmes hydrographiques". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0039/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOptimal allocation of the resource, in a large scale system, consists in distributing it and delivering it to the right places, at the right time and in the right quantity. The transported flows are characterized by nonlinearities and are subject to delays during their transfer, but also to significant deformations when the resource is a fluid. In this work, we propose to take into account, all these constraints in the modeling of these systems, for an optimal management of fluid transport. The system is modeled by an expanded flow network in order to represent the evolution of the resource over time and to integrate the delays that are inherent in flow transfers. In order to introduce the flow dynamics of open-channel flows into the graph, we define distribution nodes allowing to model the flow propagation phenomena. The water allocation objectives are represented by costs on the network’s arcs. The optimal allocation of the resource is obtained by the search for the minimal cost flow on the network. To this end, an optimization algorithm taking into account the additional constraints resulting from the distribution nodes is proposed. The methods and algorithms developed, are applied to the case of hydrographic systems and to the water resources management problem. The latter has become crucial due to the negative effects of anthropisation of natural areas, climate change and increasing needs. Water allocation consists in sharing the water resource between different users, according to a combination of objectives and priorities. The allocation of the water resource is carried out in three main steps: the diagnosis of the state of the available resource on the hydrographic system at the initial time step, including the forecast of its evolution over the management horizon; the determination of operations to be carried out on the hydraulic system to allocate the resource according to the constraints and objectives; the monitoring of the measured data in order to provide reconstructed indicators of the system’s state. The performances of the proposed approach are evaluated on various hydrographic systems, subjected to multiple hydrological regimes
Kamtchueng, Toko. "Formulation généralisée du transport réactif pour les modèles de réseaux de pores saturés en eau". Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2087/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaProtection and remediation of ground water resources are a major societal challenge. It implies to understand the evolution of solutes as pollutant in the saturated and non-saturated zones. For that purpose numerous studies have been conducted for modeling the reactive transport in a porous media. At Darcy scale, the behavior of solutes depends on microscopic heterogeneity for the media. The Pore Network Models (PNM) simplifies drastically its geometry and considers pores linked by straight throats the section of which is constant. They give a description which is in between the macroscopic and the pore descriptions. With such geometry it is possible to use a Poiseuille flow modeling the flux. With respect to the reactiontransport equation, we seek the analytical solution of the CDE in throats, which in turn allows computing the mass flux in pores. The transport solution consists of a Volterra equation system. Its convolution kernels result in a summation of time function which is decreasing exponentially with time (except the first term which still constant). The time constant is driven by the diffusion time td. As td goes to zero, keeping the Peclet number fixed, each term of the summation reduces to a Dirac. The response of the system is then instantaneous. When the volume of the pore is large enough it is possible to neglect all the term of the kernel except the constant one. In the limit where the Peclet number goes to zero, usual models are recovered. Numerically, the exponential time decreasing of the kernel allow to optimize their computational time up to an arbitrary fixed precision
Bai, Lijie. "Ordonnancement des trains dans une gare complexe et à forte densité de circulation". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the trains platforming problem within busy and complex railway stations and aims to develop a computerized dispatching support tool for railway station dispatchers to generate a full-day conflict-free timetable. The management of rail traffic in stations requires careful scheduling to fit to the existing infrastructure, while avoiding conflicts between large numbers of trains and satisfying safety or business policy and objectives. Based on operations research techniques and professional railway expertise, we design a generalized mathematical model to formalize the trains platforming problem including topology of railway station, trains' activities, dispatching constraints and objectives. As a large-scale problem, full-day platforming problem is decomposed into tractable sub-problems in time order by cumulative sliding window algorithm. Each sub-problem is solved by branch-and-bound algorithm implemented in CPLEX. To accelerate calculation process of sub-problems, tri-level optimization model is designed to provide a local optimal solution in a rather short time. This local optimum is provided to branch-and bound algorithm as an initial solution.This system is able to verify the feasibility of tentative timetable given to railway station. Trains with unsolvable conflicts will return to their original activity managers with suggestions for the modification of arrival and departure times. Time deviations of commercial trains' activities are minimized to reduce the delay propagation within the whole railway networks
Jedwab, Rémi. "Contributions à l'analyse économique du développement et de ses dimensions spatiales". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0082.
Pełny tekst źródłaDevelopment is associated with structural change, the transition from an agricultural subsistence economy to a modem industrial and service economy. Such transformation usually results from a green revolution or an industrial revolution. As modem production is urban-based, structural change also drives urbanization, which affects economic development because of agglomeration economies. How did this model apply in Sub-Saharan Africa? First, the continent has remained poor. Second, its economy has not experienced any major structural change, as agriculture still employs 60% of its labour force. Third, Africa is as urbanized as Asia. Understanding the development process of Africa implies to study how these three stylized facts combine: modest economic growth, non-¬industrialization and rapid urbanization. A fourth stylized fact is that African countries are still dependent upon natural resource exports. These exports have generated a massive surplus for producing countries which have then experienced strong economic growth for several decades. This surplus has also contributed to the growth of African cities. Yet economic growth did not permit them to structurally transform their-economy. The objective of this dissertation is not to rewrite the economic history of Africa. It tries to document these stylized facts by focusing on specific issues, whether urbanization, resource curse or the role of transportation infrastructure in development
Peng, Zhé. "Étude des propriétés du transport d’eau et Développement d’une nouvelle structure de polymère pour l’optimisation de la gestion de l’eau d’une PEMFC". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0016/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWater management is a fundamental issue for the improvement of the PEMFC technology. The cell performances and life time depend strongly on the water repartition in the Membrane Electrodes Assembly (MEA). This water repartition within the MEA is mainly governed by two flows across the membrane : electroosmosis, which drags water molecules from the anode to the cathode and often leads to local depletion of water in the membrane at the anode side ; back diffusion (from cathodeto anode) induced by the water concentration gradient generated from the water produced at the cathode side, which allows to hydrate the membrane and the anode. For nowadays, these phenomena are still under debate in spite of numerous researches. In this context, this work is firstly focused on the determination and the quantification of the mechanisms of water transport in different components, particularly in the membranes, as well as their coupling thanks to two original methods developed in this work. In the aim to achieve a more homogeneous water repartition, and consequently to improve the cell performance, a new membrane structure based on an inner gradient of equivalent weight has been fabricated. Its water transport properties, the cell performance, and the ex and in-situ water repartition have been characterised. A consistent relationship between the performance and the membrane water transport properties have been established depending on the direction of the gradient of equivalent weight compared to the protons flow
Bento, Nuno. "La transition vers une économie de l'hydrogène : infrastructures et changement technique". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463857.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeitmann, Nadine [Verfasser]. "Essays on Economic Aspects of Regulating Maritime Transport / Nadine Heitmann". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036406318/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaLemoyne, François. "L'équilibre général et la prévision énergétique : étude du modèle d'analyse des politiques liées à l'énergie au Canada". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30059/30059.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBento, Nuno. "La transition vers une économie de l'hydrogène : infrastructures et changement technique". Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe double constraint of climate change and increasing scarcity of oil requires that we consider alternative energies for the medium term. This thesis focuses on the development of a hydrogen economy, which is conditional on the existence of an infrastructure for the distribution of the new fuel and the readiness of fuel cells. The main idea is that the state can play a central role in both infrastructure implementation and preparation of fuel cells technology. The thesis begins with a techno-economic analysis of the hydrogen-energy chain, which highlights the difficulty of setting up the infrastructure. The study of the development of electricity and gas networks in the past provides the empirical basis supporting the hypothesis that government can play an important role to consolidate the diffusion of socio-technical networks. In addition, private projects of stations may be justified by early-move benefits, although their financial viability depends on the demand for hydrogen which is in turn dependent on the performance of the fuel cell vehicle. The introduction of radical innovations, such as fuel cell, has been made more difficult by the domination of conventional technologies. This assertion is particularly true in the transport sector which was progressively locked into fossil fuels by a process of technological and institutional co-evolution driven by increasing returns of scale. Hence, fuel cells may primarily diffuse through the accumulation of niches where the innovation is closer to commercialization. These niches may be located in portable applications segment. Investments in research and demonstration are still necessary in order to reduce costs and increase performances of fuel cells. Using a simple model of multitechnological diffusion, we analyze the competition between the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the plug-in hybrid car for the automotive market. We show that an early entry of the latter may block the arrival of hydrogen in the market. Other than fuel cell preparedness, a mass diffusion of hydrogen requires a sufficient coverage of the supportive infrastructure. The continuation of public support for R & D, a carbon tax (tax or permits) and demand stimulation are measures capable of accelerating the entry of hydrogen in the market
Tsogbetse, Israël. "Etude de codages et voisinages d'un espace de recherche. Application à l'ordonnancement de tâches dans des cas contraints". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA001.
Pełny tekst źródłaMetaheuristics are optimization problem-solving methods that primarily rely on an abstract representation of solutions in the form of direct or indirect encoding. Improving a solution or a set of solutions in parallel is achieved through manipulations of these encodings and algorithms evaluating the quality of associated solutions. The transition from one solution to another involves the use of one or more operators to explore the search space. Generally, metaheuristics utilize these operators to iteratively enhance solutions until reaching a local (or global) optimum. A plethora of metaheuristics has been proposed to address combinatorial optimization problems, including task scheduling problems. These ones are often dedicated to specific classes of instances. In this context, researchers frequently propose algorithms that combine various methods, striving to optimize parameters across different parts of their algorithms. However, the achieved performance is often comparable, and efficiency depends on the class of instances addressed. While solution encodings and neighborhood operators are recognized as essential components within metaheuristics, they are rarely jointly examined in an analytical and scientific manner.This thesis aims to characterize solution encodings and neighborhood operators commonly used in scheduling, particularly for the job shop problem and for one of its variants, in which the objective is to minimize the makespan. The ambition is to exploit the properties of the search spaces induced by these encodings and operators to enhance the design of metaheuristics. The approach applied in our study is structured into two main parts, with a gradation in the complexity of the job shop problem. The first part focuses on characterizing search spaces through a fitness landscape analysis, using metrics from the literature. The second part involves evaluating the performance of various combinations of encodings and neighborhood operators with the aim of identifying potential correlations with landscape properties. This is done to provide recommendations for the design of metaheuristics. This approach is initially applied to a basic job shop and then to a more constrained variant: the flexible job shop with transportation constraints. Our work highlights the challenge of linking the performance of tested combinations with standard metrics. The comparison of results obtained for the basic problem and its more constrained variant leads us to express reservations about a systematic generalization of encoding and operator characteristics for this category of optimization problems
Comanns, Philipp [Verfasser], Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumgartner i Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Water acquisition and water transport on the integument of moisture harvesting lizards : biophysical fundamentals and technical applicability / Philipp Comanns ; Werner Baumgartner, Hermann Wagner". Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130590615/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaZimmer, Jochen Oltmann [Verfasser]. "Cooper pair transport in arrays of Josephson junctions = Cooperpaartransport in Feldern von Josephson-Kontakten [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Jochen Oltmann Zimmer". Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaumann, Hannes. "Young-of-the-year Baltic sprat, Sprattus sprattus L growth characteristics, transport patterns & implications for recruitment variability [[Elektronische Ressource]] /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979982359.
Pełny tekst źródłaHommel, Johannes [Verfasser], i Holger [Akademischer Betreuer] Class. "Modelling biogeochemical and mass transport processes in the subsurface : investigation of microbially induced calcite precipitation / Johannes Hommel ; Betreuer: Holger Class". Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1118369602/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaClostermann, Jean-Pierre. "Les facteurs humains au coeur de la sécurité maritime : la gestion des ressources en passerelle de navire". Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS319.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn recent years, spectacular maritime accidents have highlighted shortcomings in the management of normal operations, both at the local and at the organizational level. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) implements nowadays a policy of human factors (HF) training to try and reduce the number and cost of accidents. This PhD focuses on the management of all the available on the bridge of a merchant ship. The first section reviews the literature on the main HF models both at the level of individual and team cognition. It focuses on CRM training (Crew Resource Management) in several industries, including shipping, and compares them to the air transport standard. The second part describes three studies on the theme of human factors in handling the ship. A) An analysis of 27 collisions using a tool derived from Reason’s Swiss Cheese model: the HFACS (Human Factors Analysis and Classification System) highlights the dominance of decision errors and the existence of a specific class of accidents in which teamwork failures are central. B) An experiment conducted merchant ship. On a simulator shows the differences between experts and novices in the process of decision making, and provides methods to improve training. C) The third study, also conducted on a simulator, covers teamwork and communications aiming to build and maintain a shared situation awareness. It highlights shortcomings in the process of communication, significantly associated with poor performance. This work is a learning oriented coherent set of actions aimed at understanding and improving individual and team cognition during the handling of merchant ship
Beni, Ali Naderi [Verfasser]. "Multi-phase, multi-species reactive transport modeling as a tool for system analysis in geological carbon dioxide storage / Ali Naderi Beni". Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018201564/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaPietzcker, Robert Carl [Verfasser], Gunnar [Akademischer Betreuer] Luderer, Ottmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Edenhofer i Christian von [Akademischer Betreuer] Hirschhausen. "Achieving stringent climate targets : an analysis of the role of transport and variable renewable energies using energy economy climate models / Robert Carl Pietzcker. Gutachter: Ottmar Edenhofer ; Christian von Hirschhausen. Betreuer: Gunnar Luderer". Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069578401/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaKilemo, Dominico Benedicto [Verfasser], Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Feger, Karl-Heinz [Gutachter] Feger, Britta [Gutachter] Schmalz i Gerald [Gutachter] Kapp. "Impact of Land Management Practices on Water Balance and Sediment Transport in the Morogoro Catchment, Uluguru Mountains (Tanzania) / Dominico Benedicto Kilemo ; Gutachter: Karl-Heinz Feger, Britta Schmalz, Gerald Kapp ; Betreuer: Karl-Heinz Feger". Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1152943154/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaKilemo, Dominico Benedicto [Verfasser], Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Feger, Karl-Heinz Gutachter] Feger, Britta [Gutachter] [Schmalz i Gerald B. [Gutachter] Kapp. "Impact of Land Management Practices on Water Balance and Sediment Transport in the Morogoro Catchment, Uluguru Mountains (Tanzania) / Dominico Benedicto Kilemo ; Gutachter: Karl-Heinz Feger, Britta Schmalz, Gerald Kapp ; Betreuer: Karl-Heinz Feger". Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1152943154/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaCienfuegos, Bernardo [Verfasser], Liselotte [Akademischer Betreuer] Schebek i Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Eichhorn. "Analysis and optimization of sustainable transport processes of biomass for power plants / Bernardo Cienfuegos ; Liselotte Schebek, Andreas Eichhorn". Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213908078/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartineau, Elsa. "Rôle joué par le potassium dans la réponse au déficit hydrique du maïs (Zea mays L.) : des mécanismes physiologiques au fonctionnement intégré du peuplement". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0286/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPotassium (K) is a major nutrient known to help plants resist drought. In the context of climate change,quantifying the role of K on maize physiological acclimation to reduced precipitations is essential to betterpredict future productivity. Maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown under controlled or field conditions weresubmitted to different K and water levels. Plant growth (shoot and root biomass, grain yield) as well as plantwater status (transpiration, stomatal conductance, water potential) and ecophysiological mechanisms of Carbonmetabolism (photosynthesis, sugar transport) were studied. Regardless of the water regime and experimentalconditions, K nutrition increased growth and whole-plant development and improved grain yield. The effect ofwater stress on stomatal regulation was not straightforward and depended on the level of K fertilization. Theeffects of water or K deficit tend to decrease photosynthesis. Drought or K nutrition affected more leafphotosynthesis in old than in young leaves, and sugar transport did not seem to be a growth limiting factor. Ourresults demonstrated a strong effect of K on biomass production and a higher water use efficiency with less of animpact on leaf-level physiology. This better water use was mainly the consequence of the positive effect of leafarea on yield, and not due to a reduce water use
Matta, Elena [Verfasser], Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Hinkelmann, Günter [Akademischer Betreuer] Gunkel, Reinhard [Gutachter] Hinkelmann, Günter [Gutachter] Gunkel, Gunnar [Gutachter] Nützmann i Rocca Michele [Gutachter] La. "Multi-dimensional flow and transport modeling of a surface water body in a semi-arid area : The case of the Icó-Mandantes Bay, Northeast Brazil / Elena Matta ; Gutachter: Reinhard Hinkelmann, Günter Gunkel, Gunnar Nützmann, Michele La Rocca ; Reinhard Hinkelmann, Günter Gunkel". Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162189681/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouallegue, Kaïs. "Contribution à la radio intelligente à forte mobilité : adaptation spectrale et allocation dynamique des ressources". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0023.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objectives of railway operators are to increase safety, reduce operating and maintenance costs, increase attractiveness and profit by offering new services to customers. These objectives will be achieved through a huge increase of data fluxes between existing infrastructure and the technologies currently used on the train. Spectral efficiency, optimization of radio resources, interoperability and reliability of communications are major elements for railway applications. These constraints and the sporadic use of available frequency bands have gave rise to cognitive radio. Cognitive radio is an emerging technology that improves the performance of existing radio systems by integrating artificial intelligence with software radio. A cognitive radio system is defined by its ability to be aware of its radio environment. Indeed, to optimize as much as possible the available spectral opportunities, the cognitive radio device must be able to transmit on free bands while performing a spectrum sensing to not interfere with users having priority on the band and to detect other vacant frequencies. As part of this thesis, we propose to focus on the problem of spectrum detection in a highly mobile environment. Some constraints should be considered, such as speed. Added to this, there are regulatory constraints on detection criteria, such as the IEEE 802.22 WRAN standard, which stipulates that detection of a priority user must be performed at -21 dB within a period of 2 seconds. The objective is therefore to design an intelligent radio terminal in the physical and regulatory conditions of transmission in a railway environment
Rodriguez, Chavez Mario-Luis. "Anticipation de l'accès à la ressource granulats par rupture des schémas actuels à long terme". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00563707.
Pełny tekst źródłaGillet, Anne. "Les transformations socioprofessionnelles de la maîtrise : l' exemple de la RATP". Paris, CNAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CNAM0590.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrulard, Nicolas. "Outils d'aide à la conception de systèmes de production maraîchers urbains optimisés pour la vente en circuits courts et de proximité". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI002.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo support the urban farm emergence trend in large metropolises, we propose decision support tools based on mathematical programs to design market gardening farms targetting the demands of different categories of clients in local fresh fruits and vegetables. Technical solutions develop rapdily, but the strong constraints linked to urban farming, such as limited surface and high operating costs, make difficult to define viable and sustainable business models for urban market gardeners. Three mixed integer linear programming models are presented: An annual strategic sizing model, a client combination selection model and a plurennial strategic sizing model for diversified fruit and vegetable farms. Numerical results and model performances are presented, based on multi-products, multi-techniques and multi-periods real cases. Our main contributions are the consideration of the perishable nature of fruits and vegetables in strategic production systems sizing models, including notably the investments and workforce sizing