Rozprawy doktorskie: „Responses”

1

Klein, Entink Rinke. "Statistical models for responses and response times". Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2009. http://doc.utwente.nl/60452.

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Järvinen, Jaakko Lauri Paivio. "Inverted responses and response recovery in amphibian rod photoreceptors". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615722.

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Buske-Kirschbaum, Angelika. "Cortisol Responses to Stress in Allergic Children: Interaction with the Immune Response". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-135731.

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Allergic manifestations are increasingly common in infants and children. Accumulating evidence suggests that the ‘epidemic’ increase of childhood allergy may be associated with environmental factors such as stress. Although the impact of stress on the manifestation and exacerbation of allergy has been demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms of stress-induced exacerbation are still obscure. A growing number of studies have suggested an altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function to stress in allergic children. It is speculated that a dysfunctional HPA axis in response to stress may facilitate and/or consolidate immunological aberrations and thus, may increase the risk for allergic sensitization and exacerbation especially under stressful conditions. In the present review the potential impact of a hyporesponsive as well as a hyperresponsive HPA axis on the onset and chronification of childhood allergy is summarized. Moreover, potential factors that may contribute to the development of an aberrant HPA axis responsiveness in allergy are discussed
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

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4

Rodgers, Angela. "Macrophage responses and their involvement in generating an immune response against tuberculosis". Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406802.

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5

Buske-Kirschbaum, Angelika. "Cortisol Responses to Stress in Allergic Children: Interaction with the Immune Response". Karger, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27671.

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Allergic manifestations are increasingly common in infants and children. Accumulating evidence suggests that the ‘epidemic’ increase of childhood allergy may be associated with environmental factors such as stress. Although the impact of stress on the manifestation and exacerbation of allergy has been demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms of stress-induced exacerbation are still obscure. A growing number of studies have suggested an altered hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function to stress in allergic children. It is speculated that a dysfunctional HPA axis in response to stress may facilitate and/or consolidate immunological aberrations and thus, may increase the risk for allergic sensitization and exacerbation especially under stressful conditions. In the present review the potential impact of a hyporesponsive as well as a hyperresponsive HPA axis on the onset and chronification of childhood allergy is summarized. Moreover, potential factors that may contribute to the development of an aberrant HPA axis responsiveness in allergy are discussed.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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6

Sunter, Nicola. "DNA Damage Responses". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489314.

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The histone H2AX has been established as a reliable biomarker of DNA damage, becoming phosphorylated rapidly following damage in discrete foci which can be correlated with DNA DSB number. In the present study, the phosphorylation of H2AX was used as a marker of DNA DSB damage to compare and contrast the damage induced by ionizing radiation, the topo II poison, etoposide, and the topo II catalytic inhibitor, ICRF-193. To examine the DNA damage numbers at time-points in the 24 hours following exposure to these damaging agents. Topo lIP null cells were used to investigate the contribution of topo II a and Pthese damage responses and the Trapped in Agarose DNA Immunostaining assay was utilised to quantify the numbers of topo II_DNA complexes formed in response to these agents. This study aimed to examine the levels of DNA damage following exposure to these damaging agents and to investigate differences in the complement of proteins associated with DNA damage-induced foci. By using both the y-H2AX and TARDIS assays and protein colocalisation techniques, the studies detailed here presents novel findings on the differing damage responses induced following these three agents.

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7

Roberts, Emma Margaret. "Contralateral inflammatory responses". Thesis, University of Bath, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432371.

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8

Albrechtsen, Justin Scott. "Are intuitive responses more accurate at detecting deception than deliberate responses?" To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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9

Fitzsimmons, James. "Ecological Responses to Threats in an Evolutionary Context: Bacterial Responses to Antibiotics and Butterfly Species’ Responses to Climate Change". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23807.

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Humans are generally having a strong, widespread, and negative impact on nature. Given the many ways we are impacting nature and the many ways nature is responding, it is useful to study responses in an integrative context. My thesis is focused largely (two out of the three data chapters) on butterfly species’ range shifts consistent with modern climate change in Canada. I employed a macroecological approach to my research, drawing on methods and findings from evolutionary biology, phylogenetics, conservation biology, and natural history. I answered three main research questions. First, is there a trade-off between population growth rate (rmax) and carrying capacity (K) at the mutation scale (Chapter 2)? I found rmax and K to not trade off, but in fact to positively co-vary at the mutation scale. This suggests trade-offs between these traits only emerge after selection removes mutants with low resource acquisition rates (i.e., unhealthy genotypes), revealing trade-offs between remaining genotypes with varied resource allocation strategies. Second, did butterfly species shift their northern range boundaries northward over the 1900s, consistent with climate warming (Chapter 3)? Leading a team of collaborators, we found that most butterfly species’ northern range boundaries did indeed shift northward over the 1900s. But range shift rates were slower than those documented in the literature for more recent time periods, likely reflecting the weaker warming experienced in the time period of my study. Third, were species’ rates of range shift related to their phylogeny (Chapter 3) or traits (Chapter 4)? I found no compelling relationships between rates of range shift and phylogeny or traits. If certain traits make some species more successful at northern boundary range expansion than others, their effect was not strong enough to emerge from the background noise inherent in the broad scale data set I used.

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10

Ghaffari, Emma Louise Marie. "Early growth response genes -2 and -3 are essential for optimal immune responses". Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8134.

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Early Growth Response Genes (EGR) is a family of four transcription factors containing a unique zinc finger domain. EGR-2 and EGR-3 are important for hindbrain development and myelination. These transcription factors are also necessary for lymphocyte function however, the mechanisms are still unclear. Previous findings have shown that EGR-2cKO mice develop lupus-like autoimmune disease with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines despite showing normal T and B cell proliferation after mitogenic stimulation. Therefore we established the CD2-EGR-2-/-EGR-3-/- mouse model to explore the phenotype, susceptibility to autoimmune disease and relevant lymphocyte function. We discovered that CD2-EGR-2-/-EGR-3-/- mice developed severe systemic autoimmune disease and expressed high levels of inflammatory cytokines. More importantly we discovered a novel finding that CD2-EGR-2-/-EGR-3-/- T and B cells had impaired cell proliferation after mitogenic stimulation. Further investigations revealed that the molecular mechanism defected in the T cell receptor signalling pathway is due to a dysfunction in Activator Protein-1 (AP-1). AP-1 is a heterodimeric protein composed of AP-1 family members including Jun, Atf and Fos. Our data shows that EGR-2 and EGR-3 directly bind with the Atf family member Batf, which prevents Batf’s inhibitory function on AP-1 activation. This research demonstrates that EGR-2 and EGR-3 intrinsically regulate chronic inflammation and also positively regulate antigen receptor activation. In conclusion EGR-2 and EGR-3 are essential for providing optimal immune responses, whilst limiting inflammatory immunopathology. We propose that this new model could be used for studying autoimmune disease.

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11

Ulitzsch, Esther [Verfasser]. "Using Response Times for Modeling Missing Responses in Large-Scale Assessments / Esther Ulitzsch". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216105030/34.

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12

Machnik, Lisa K. "Visitors' delayed responses to interpretive talks and interpreters' expectations for visitor responses". Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181251571/.

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13

Curtis, Odette Elisabeth. "Responses of raptors to habitat fragmentation : from individual responses to population susceptibility". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6727.

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Habitat fragmentation has different effects on species and communities, depending on a suite of life-history and population traits: some species are more vulnerable to the effects of fragmentation than others. Contrasting responses suggest there are particular species' attributes that make an organism more or less susceptible to the effects of fragmentation. Much research has focused on identifying which of these traits are the most useful indicators of a species' fragmentation-linked extinction risk. For example, body size, rarity, ecological specialization, matrix use, range size and turnover rate have all been linked with species extinction risk. Few studies have, however, attempted to explore the traits that predispose raptors to vulnerability from fragmentation. In this study, I compare the responses of two near-sympatric raptors (the Black Harrier Circus maurus and the Black Sparrowhawk Accipiter melanoleucus) to habitat fragmentation. On a broader scale, I use a simple model of susceptibility to fragmentation effects, and a sample of hawks (Accipiter spp) and harriers (Circus spp) in the family Accipitridae, to predict which species attributes are most likely to produce a negative response to habitat fragmentation. I then compare these predictions with the current global threat status of each species to test whether the model can predict threat status with acceptable accuracy.

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14

Murphy, Helen. "Host Responses to Campylobacter". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520636.

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15

Juffermans, Nicole Petra. "Immune responses to tuberculosis". [Amsterdam] : Amsterdam : Thela Thesis ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/82665.

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16

Gutherie, Luanne. "Contextualist Responses to Skepticism". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/22.

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External world skeptics argue that we have no knowledge of the external world. Contextualist theories of knowledge attempt to address the skeptical problem by maintaining that arguments for skepticism are effective only in certain contexts in which the standards for knowledge are so high that we cannot reach them. In ordinary contexts, however, the standards for knowledge fall back down to reachable levels and we again are able to have knowledge of the external world. In order to address the objection that contextualists confuse the standards for knowledge with the standards for warranted assertion, Keith DeRose appeals to the knowledge account of warranted assertion to argue that if one is warranted in asserting p, one also knows p. A skeptic, however, can maintain a context-invariant view of the knowledge account of assertion, in which case such an account would not provide my help to contextualism.

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17

Jordan, William James. "Cytokine responses during alloreactivity". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406452.

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18

Zhang, Yi. "Wound responses in arabidopsis". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502215.

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Environmental stresses, such as repeated injury by herbivory, stunt plant growth and reduce crop yield. A spectacular example of this effect is exemplified in ornamental bonsai plants. Wounding induces the synthesis of a plant hormone, jasmonates (JAs), which in turn activate non-specific defence against pests and pathogens. On the other hand, a most dramatic effect of the application of jasmonates to plant however is the inhibition of growth, and this raised the question of whether another function of endogenous jasmonates is to inhibit growth. The results presented in this thesis first demonstrated that a previous wounding primes plants to give an enhanced response to following wounds. Following this discovery, I have investigated the genetic and physiological basis of "bonsai effect" by repeatedly wounding leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis. Repeated wounding reduced the size of wild type plants by 50% and increased the endogenous content of jasmonate (JA) by seven-fold, but unexpectedly had no significant effect on the mutants unable to synthesise JA, or unable to respond to JA. This second discovery suggests another function of endogenous JA is to inhibit growth under stress.

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19

McEntee, J. D. "Microbial responses to cadmium". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370177.

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20

Laouar, Leila. "Microbial responses to surfactants". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336088.

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21

Hughes, Phillipa Jane. "Cellular responses to aluminium". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262389.

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22

Chaithong, Udom. "Immune responses in mosquitoes". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293724.

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23

Robertson, Stephanie. "Vascular responses to adipokines". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518238.

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24

Erridge, Clett. "Immune responses to lipopolysaccharide". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23334.

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25

Le, Rouge Mary Frances. "How Literate Responses to Technical Communication Can Promote Practical Responses to Environmental Change". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1622204365670828.

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26

Shamji, Mohamed Hussein. "Grass pollen immunotherapy : Immunoreactive and functional antibody responses and their relationship to clinical response". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526400.

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27

Sampaio, Mariana Neiva. "The role of personality in fish response to Carbamazepine: from biochemical responses to learning". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22022.

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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Celular
A personalidade animal está ligada aos processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos do organismo. É definida como um conjunto individual de padrões comportamentais que se mantêm ao longo de um determinado período de vida. Estudos recentes mostraram a capacidade de muitos compostos, incluindo fármacos, interferirem no comportamento e em traços da personalidade. No entanto, o conhecimento sobre este fenómeno é ainda limitado. Sabendo-se que os fármacos podem interferir na personalidade, coloca-se a questão: qual será o papel da personalidade no efeito dos fármacos? Neste trabalho foi utilizado o peixe zebra (Danio rerio) como modelo biológico. Os organismos foram avaliados segundo parâmetros comportamentais e classificados e separados em dois grupos (bold e shy), com base no seu estilo de coping face a um novo ambiente. Como fármaco foi selecionada a carbamazepina, medicamento com elevada taxa de prescrição, detetado no ambiente e com uma reduzida taxa de degradação. Os organismos com os dois estilos de coping foram submetidos durante 96h a diferentes concentrações de carbamazepina (0.0044, 0.067, 1 e 15 mg/L). O estudo avaliou parâmetros comportamentais (e.g., distância total nadada e tigmotaxia) face a estímulos de luz (ciclos de luz e escuro) e biomarcadores bioquímicos. A aprendizagem e memória foram igualmente avaliadas com recurso a medições comportamentais diárias. Os dados obtidos revelaram diferenças nas respostas dos dois grupos de peixes, havendo um maior nível de atividade nos peixes reativos. As respostas aos períodos de luz/escuro foram diferenciadas. No escuro, a distância total nadada e a percentagem de distância nadada na área de fora são mais elevadas e a percentagem de tempo passado na área de fora foi menor. A carbamazepina por si só não influenciou as respostas analisadas. No entanto, as respostas dos peixes de diferentes personalidades dependeram das concentrações de carbamazepina a que estiveram expostos e do estímulo luz/escuro aplicado. Dos biomarcadores bioquímicos avaliados, LPO (peroxidação lipídica) variou de acordo com a personalidade, tendo os peixes proativos níveis mais elevados, e GST (glutationa-s-transferase) foi significativamente inibida nos peixes reativos pela maior concentração de carbamazepina. De uma forma geral os resultados mostram que estilos de coping influenciam a resposta a fármacos.
Animal personality is linked to physiological and biochemical processes of the organism. It is defined as individual behavioural patterns that are constant throughout a certain phase of life. Recent studies have shown compounds capacity, including pharmaceuticals, to interfere with behaviour and personality traits. However, knowledge about this phenomenon is still limited. Knowing that pharmaceuticals can interfere with personality, one question arises: what may be personality’s role on pharmaceutical’s effects? In this experiment, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was chosen as biological model. Individuals were evaluated by behavioural patterns and classified and separated in two groups (bold and shy) based on their stress coping strategy as a reaction to a novel environment. Carbamazepine was selected as pharmaceutical to study, due to its high prescription rate, detection in the environment and reduced degradation rate. Individuals with both coping styles were exposed for 96h to different concentrations of carbamazepine (0.0044, 0.067, 1 e 15 mg/L). The experiment evaluated behavioural parameters (e.g., total distance swam and thigmotaxis) in response to light stimuli (light and dark cycles) and biochemical biomarkers. Learning and memory were also evaluated resorting to daily behavioural measures. Data obtained revealed differences in responses between both groups of individuals. Behavioural data showed a higher activity level in shy fish. Responses to light and dark were also differentiated. In darkness, total distance swam and percentage of distance swam in the outside area increased comparing to light periods, whilst percentage of time spent in the outside area decreased. Carbamazepine alone did not influence responses analysed. However, responses from bold and shy fish depended on the concentration of carbamazepine and stimulus light/dark. From the biochemical biomarkers assessed, LPO (lipid peroxidation) varied according to personality, with bold fish having higher levels, and GST’s (glutathione-s-transferase) levels were significantly inhibited in shy fish exposed to the highest concentration of carbamazepine. Overall, results showed that coping styles influence response to pharmaceuticals.

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28

Sager-Bittara, Lauren Paige. "Characterization of Programmed Cell Death Responses Involved in Disease Resistance/Susceptibility Responses in Barley". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27699.

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The plant innate immune system relies on regulated programmed cell death (PCD) responses which provide resistance against biotrophic fungal pathogens and are utilized by necrotrophic pathogens. The gene-for-gene interactions leading to resistance against biotrophs has been co-evolving over millions of years and provides many targets for necrotrophic pathogens to subvert the plants PCD for their benefit. Two PCD pathways involved in plant immunity were characterized. The first, nec3, appears to control runaway PCD in response to infection by many pathogens who mainly elicit pathogen or damage associated molecular pattern (PAMP or DAMP) triggered immunity. The nec3 mutant was mapped to chromosome 6H and a pool of candidate genes were identified by RNAseq. The second, Rcs5, is a dominant susceptibility gene or a putative necrotrophic effector triggered susceptibility (NETS) target that confers susceptibility to Cochliobolus sativus. The candidate Rcs5 genes are three Wall Associated Kinases (WAKs) found on chromosome 7H (1).

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29

Roberts, Tara Laurine. "Cellular responses to immunostimulatory DNA /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18175.pdf.

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30

Lidehäll, Anna Karin. "Cellular Immune Responses to Cytomegalovirus". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8578.

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a widespread infection affecting 50-90% of the human population. A typical silent primary infection is followed by life-long persistence in the host under control by virus-specific CD8 (“killer”) and CD4 (“helper”) T cells. Although harmless in most people, CMV may cause disease and sequelae in patients with deficient cellular immunity, such as AIDS patients, recipients of organ transplants and children who have acquired the virus before birth. In this thesis we have characterized the cellular immunity to CMV in immunocompetent subjects, in patients receiving transplants and in infants.

In healthy individuals with latent CMV, the frequencies of CMV-specific CD8 T cells varied considerably between the donors. Within the same individual, the changes over time were usually small. In patients with primary, symptomatic CMV infection, the frequencies of CMV-specific CD8 T cells peaked within the first month after the appearance of symptoms. The frequencies then declined to levels similar to those in latently infected CMV carriers. The CD4 T-cell function followed the same pattern, but with lower peak values.

Immunosuppressed renal transplant patients with latent CMV had CMV-specific CD4 cell function similar to healthy controls. The frequencies of CMV-specific CD8 T cells were also comparable, but their function was impaired. When renal transplant recipients were investigated longitudinally, we found that their CMV-specific T cells decreased rapidly after transplantation. Whereas the frequencies and function of CD8 T cells rebounded within 3 months, CD4 T-cell recovery was impaired during the entire first year after transplantation.

Finally, the frequencies and function of CMV-specific T-cells were investigated in children with congenital and postnatal CMV. CMV-specific CD8 T cells could be detected in even the youngest children, suggesting that these cells can develop early in life. In contrast, CMV specific CD4 T cells were low or absent in the youngest children but increased slowly with age.

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31

Buraczewska, Izabela. "Skin barrier responses to moisturizers". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9300.

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Moisturizers are used in various types of dry skin disorders, but also by people with healthy skin. It is not unusual that use of moisturizers is continued for weeks, months, or even years. A number of moisturizers have been shown to improve the skin barrier function, while others to deteriorate it, but the reason for observed effects remains unknown. Further understanding of the mechanism by which long-term treatment with moisturizers influences the skin barrier would have clinical implications, as barrier-deteriorating creams may enhance penetration of allergens or irritants and predispose to dry skin and eczema, while barrier-improving ones could reduce many problems. The present research combined non-invasive techniques with analyses of skin biopsies, allowing studies of the epidermis at molecular and cellular level. Test moisturizers were examined on healthy human volunteers for their effect on the skin barrier, with regard to such factors as pH, lipid type, and presence of a humectant, as well as complexity of the product. After a 7-week treatment with the moisturizers, changes in transepidermal water loss, skin capacitance, and susceptibility to an irritant indicated a modified skin barrier function. Moreover, the mRNA expression of several genes involved in the assembly, differentiation and desquamation of the stratum corneum, as well as lipid metabolism, was altered in the skin treated with one of the moisturizers, while the other moisturizer induced fewer changes. In conclusion, long-term use of moisturizers may strengthen the barrier function of the skin, but also deteriorate it and induce skin dryness. Moisturizers have also a significant impact on the skin biochemistry, detectable at molecular level. Since the type of influence is determined by the composition of a moisturizer, more careful selection of ingredients could help to design moisturizers generating a desired clinical effect, and to avoid ingredients with a negative impact on the skin.

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32

Rashid, Shahid. "Seismic Coupling and Hydrological Responses". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1269.

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In seismology, the capability of an earthquake to induce other seismic events has been widely accepted for decades. For example, the term aftershock involves a strong relation of such a seismic event with the incidence of a main shock. Moreover, hydrological changes (water level in wells and streams, geyser eruption and remote seismicity) in response to remote earthquakes have been reported for many years. A matter of current debate concerns the spatiotemporal scale of interaction among seismic events. However, there appears to be no clear image of what is the exact method of transmission of the triggering energy for the phenomena listed above. It appears that the P-wave and the S-wave are inadequate in terms of ground strain magnitudes at teleseismic distances, while the amplitude of the surface waves generally decreases exponentially with depth in the Earth and could not be responsible for triggering deeper earthquakes or deep-seated fluid flow fluxes in 3-5 km deep reservoirs. This leaves some other wave as a possible triggering energy sources.

This thesis is based on a diffusion-dynamic theory that predicts a low velocity displacement wave, called a soliton wave, propagating in liquid-saturated porous media with velocity ~100-300 m/s, analogous to a tsunami that travels with the loss of little energy. This is hypothesized to be the mechanism for energy transfer that could be sufficient to promote changes in local pore pressure and therefore to alter the ambient effective stresses. It is also hypothesized that a soliton wave packet is emitted by a primary seismic event and may trigger sympathetic secondary earthquakes at a remote distance, fluid level fluctuation in wells, changes in geyser eruption behaviour, and changes in microseismic frequency, amplitude and patterns in appropriate places (e. g. under water reservoirs, in areas of active hydrothermalism, in tectonically active areas, and so on).

This thesis undertakes a review of some of these phenomena, and finds that the evidence as to what is the triggering mechanism is not clear. Also, it appears that the soliton hypothesis is not at all disproved by the data, and there may be some evidence of its existence.

To reveal the evidence of this kind of wave (soliton) in nature, real sequence and K-Q cases velocity data bases of earthquake interactions in the year of 2003 have been constructed by using information from Incorporated Seismological Research Institute (IRIS). The qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrates that interactions between seismological and hydrological systems due to soliton waves are a definite possibility. However, the growth of fluid fluxes, geysers eruption and remote seismicity are controlled by both the principal stresses and the pore pressure. Hence, this interaction depends on the hydromechanical properties of rock such as permeability, compressibilities, and viscosities of fluids, saturations, and porosity. Perhaps the strongest argument in favour of a low-velocity soliton trigger is that the other seismic waves seem to be inadequate, and there is no evidence for their actions as a trigger.

The practice of detection and analysis of a soliton is not undertaken in this work. Because current devices are incapable to measure such a wave as they are on the surface and insensitive to liquid-solid coupling, sensitive and precise sensors in the low frequency range must be installed within the liquid saturated zone, preferably under the water table, to advance further work.

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33

Sumiyoshi, Hiroaki. "Geometrical Responses in Topological Materials". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225387.

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34

Sheppard, K. E. "Affective responses to acute exercise". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486504.

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This series of studies investigated affective responses to acute exercise. Studies examined the role of affect in predicting V02max, the temporal patterning of affective responses to acute bouts of exercise, and explored some individual differences which may predict .affective responses to different exercise intensities. With a sedentary male population, the first study assessed the validity of predicting V 02max in a sedentary male population during perceptually regulated trials on a cycle ergometer, and the ability of the Feeling Scale (FS) to add to the prediction of V02max. Participants successfully regulated exercise intensity in a relatively consistent manner and FS was able to account for additional variance in the prediction of V02max during trial 1, RPE range 9-17. FS responses followed previously found patterns and became more negative as exercise intensity increased. The temporal pattern of affective responses became the focus of Studies 2 and 4. Study 2 explored and contrasted the response patterns in heart rate, perceived exertion, perceived activation and affective valence to a graded exercise test in sedentary boys and men. Results showed that boys and men responded in a similar manner to exercise intensity above the ventilatory threshold evn but not below the VT. Study 3 explored the temporal dynamics of affective responses during and after prescribed and self-selected exercise in active young adolescents. During exercise, affective states were least positive in high-intensity exercise. A rebound phenomenon was obserVed across all exercise intensities post-exercise. The fourth study investigated affective responses with sedentary young adolescents, within the framework ofthe dualmode model of affect, and used a two-phase, mixed-method, sequential explanatory .. approach. Quantitative results showed affect was least positive above the VT and more positive in the self-selected condition and below the VT. Qualitative results showed positive affective responses were associated with perceived ability to cope,. perceptions of competence, and a positive interpretation of the exercise intensity. The [mal study examined the utility of the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (pRETIE-Q) with young adolescents, and investigated its construct validity. ConfIrmatory factor analysis did not support the original structure; ,!,;;hortened . ~ questionnaire offerec\ a stronger structure. Only the Tolerance scale of the adapted PRETIE-Q related to affective responses generated during exercise. A discussion of the research fIndings in the thesis are presented along with strengths and limitations of thestudies, conclusions, future directions and the applied implications are suggested with respect to exercise promotion.

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35

Clark, Ian David. "Coupled structural responses in tropomyosin". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30625.

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Fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to probe protein conformation and is recognized as a technique that provides very specific information. It has been applied/ in recent years/ to the study of tropomyosin (TM) and its role in regulation of contractile processes. In this thesis, two different approaches were used to further the understanding of the structure/function relationship in the two chain coiled coil of tropomyosin. The first involves a comparative study on TM and non-polymerizable TM (NPTM) (Mak, A.S., and Smillie, L.B. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Res. Commun., 101, 208-214). Fluorescence involving pyrene (Py) and acrylodan (AD) bound at the only cysteine residue in the molecule (Cys-190), and circular dichroism (CD) studies led to the main conclusion that, while the two species, are very similar in stability, the COOH-terminus is required to hold the Cys-190 region in a specific conformation. This long-range structural effect may play a role in regulation of contraction. A species having one intact COOH-terminus, made by hybridizing TM and NPTM, was found to be non-polymerizable suggesting that one intact COOH-terminus is insufficient to permit overlap with the NH₂-terminus of a neighbouring TM under polymerizing conditions. Unlike the TM/NPTM hybrid, the hybrid of TM and platelet TM (P-TM) was difficult to make due to the sequence mismatches in the terminal regions, but small quantities could be detected by loss of excimer fluorescence from Py-P-TM on rapid cooling of a heated mixture of Py-P-TM and cardiac TM (C-TM). The second approach was to investigate the effect of actin-binding proteins on the structure and function of tropomyosin. DNase I depolymerizes F-actin and is known to interfere with the end-to-end polymerizability of tropomyosin (Payne, M.R., Baydoyannis, H., and Rudnick, S.E. (1986) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 883, 454-459). Results presented here from fluorescence studies suggest that this effect is caused by a localized loss of structure in the tropomyosin at the sites of labelling upon binding of DNase I. This result is supported by CD studies on labelled and unlabelled tropomyosins. Gelsolin is another actin-binding protein found in many cell types and in extracellular fluids. It is shown here to be able to depolymerize tropomyosin, but its mechanism of action is not the same as that of DNase I. The effect of interaction of gelsolin on the structure of tropomyosin, as determined from fluorescence studies, is negligible.
Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate

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36

Lundgren, Christian. "Immune responses in urogenital cancer". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269894.

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37

Krantz, Amandus, i Petrus Lindblom. "Generating Topic-Based Chatbot Responses". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14800.

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With the rising popularity of chatbots, not just in entertainment but in e-commerce and online chat support, it’s become increasingly important to be able to quickly set up chatbots that can respond to simple questions. This study examines which of two algorithms for automatic generation of chatbot knowledge bases, First Word Search or Most Signiﬁcant Word Search, is able to generate the responses that are the most relevant to the topic of a question. It also examines how text corpora might be used as a source from which to generate chatbot knowledge bases. Two chatbots were developed for this project, one for each of the two algorithms that are to be examined. The chatbots are evaluated through a survey where the participants are asked to choose which of the algorithms they thought chose the response that was most relevant to a question. Based on the survey we conclude that Most Signiﬁcant Word Search is the algorithm that picks the most relevant responses. Most Signiﬁcant Word Search has a signiﬁcantly higher chance of generating a response that is relevant to the topic. However, how well a text corpus works as a source for knowledge bases depends entirely on the quality and nature of the corpus. A corpus consisting of written dialogue is likely more suitable for conversion into a knowledge base.

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38

Adam, Mazin Siraj. "Responses to significant personal experiences /". Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/4919.

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39

Pieters, Barry Johan. "Daphnid population responses to pesticides". [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/45997.

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40

Lidehäll, Anna Karin. "Cellular immune responses to cytomegalovirus /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8578.

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41

Stephens, Bonnie Baggett. "Chemosensory Responses in Azospirillum brasilense". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/11.

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The ability to swim and navigate the surrounding environment confers an advantage to motile bacteria, allowing the occupation of niches that are optimum for survival and growth. Bacteria are too small to sense their environment spatially, so they must sense the environment temporally by comparing the past and present environments and altering their motility accordingly. Chemotaxis systems coordinate flagellar motility responses with temporal sensing of the environment. Chemotaxis is proposed to be involved in plant root colonization by directing soil bacteria toward root exudates of various cereals, promoting growth. The nitrogen-fixing alpha-proteobacterium Azospirillum brasilense utilizes chemotaxis to navigate its environment by integrating various environmental signals into a chemotaxis signal transduction pathway. In chemotaxis, transducers receive environmental sensory information and transmit the signal to the histidine kinase CheA, which relays the signal to the response regulator CheY. A novel chemotaxis transducer, Tlp1, has been identified and characterized as an energy sensor by constructing a tlp1 mutant and performing behavioral and root colonization assays. In order to adapt to changing environmental conditions, chemotactic microorganisms must employ a molecular “memory” comparing present environmental conditions to ones previously experienced and resetting the chemotaxis transducer to a prestimulatory status. A recently identified chemotaxis operon revealed a methyltransferase CheR and methylesterase CheB, comprising an adaptation system, suggesting that A. brasilense undergoes methylation-dependent taxis responses, contrary to previous reports. Chemotaxis and methanol release assays suggest that adaptation by methylation in locomotor behavior involves the presence of other unknown methylation systems, and the contribution of CheR and CheB to chemotactic and aerotactic responses is complex. There is growing evidence that chemotaxis-like signal transduction pathways control a myriad of other cellular processes regulated in a temporal fashion. This would convey an advantage to cells by allowing modulation of cellular processes based on slight changes in environmental conditions and provide checkpoints for energetically consuming processes. Mutations in components of the chemotaxis-like signal transduction system revealed differences in cell size and exopolysaccharide production. This work shows that the signal transduction pathway of A. brasilense modulates cell length in response to changes in nutrient conditions, independently of growth rate.

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42

Baker, Richard James. "Human immune responses to alloantigens". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248200.

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43

Young, Karen Anne. "Inflammatory responses of reactive GLIA". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285205.

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44

Talbot, Nicholas. "Pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404270.

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45

Tomkins, C. E. "Cellular responses to genotoxic stress". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362104.

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Stiles, Jane Venessa. "Human responses to interior planting". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261622.

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47

Vakakis, Emmanouil. "Innate immune responses to Picornaviridae". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516152.

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Viral infections affect millions of people worldwide and pose a major threat to human health. Therefore efforts to understand the host defences against viruses are timely and useful. There are specific receptors on the host cells such as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR), which are capable of sensing infectious viruses and initiate reactions collectively known as innate immune responses by detecting motifs or molecular signatures. These responses include activation of antiviral cytokines and initiation of the adaptive immune response, thus inhibiting virus replication. The main two families of PRR involved in virus recognition are the Toll like receptors and the RIG-1 like receptors (RLRs; also known as RIG-1 like proteins or RNA helicases). This study was aimed to clarify the innate immune responses and recognition pathways of Picornaviridae by the host. Picornaviridae are single-stranded RNA viruses that can infect many tissues and organs and produce a variety of symptoms and illnesses to the host. The results from this study have shown that TLRs and RLRs and more specifically TLR7, TLR8 and MDA5 are involved in the detection of Picornaviridae such as Coxsackievirus A9 (CAV-9) and Human Rhinovirus 6 (HRV6) leading to the activation of antiviral cytokines by the host cells.

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48

Almond, N. M. "Humoral responses to parasitic nematodes". Thesis, Open University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482683.

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Emery, P. "Immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598845.

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Fulford, Katy A. "Oculomotor responses and 3D displays". Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4655/.

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This thesis investigated some of the eye movement factors related to the development and use of eye pointing devices with three dimensional displays (stereoscopic and linear perspective). In order for eye pointing to be used as a successful device for input-control of a 3D display it is necessary to characterise the accuracy and speed with which the binocular point of foveation can locate a particular point in 3D space. Linear perspective was found to be insufficient to elicit a change in the depth of the binocular point of fixation except under optimal conditions (monocular viewing, accommodative loop open and constant display paradigm). Comparison of the oculomotor responses made between a stereoscopic 'virtual' and a 'real' display showed there were no differences with regards to target fixational accuracy. With one exception, subjects showed the same degree of fixational accuracy with respect to target direction and depth. However, close target proximity (in terms of direction) affected the accuracy of fixation with respect to depth (but not direction). No differences were found between fixational accuracy of large and small targets under either display conditions. The visual conditions eliciting fast changes in the location of the binocular point of foveation, i.e. saccade disconjugacy, were investigated. Target-directed saccade disconjugacy was confirmed, in some cases, between targets presented at different depths on a stereoscopic display. However, in general the direction of saccade disconjugacy was best predicted by the horizontal direction of the target. Leftward saccade disconjugacy was more divergent than rightward. This asymmetry was overlaid on a disconjugacy response, which when considered in relative terms, was appropriated for the level of vergence demand. Linear perspective depth cues did not elicit target-directed disconjugate saccades.

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