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Keryjaouen, Isa. "Contribution à l'étude de la fiscalité environnementale : regards croisés à partir de la France et du Brésil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORIL617.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe protection of the environment is not a new concern at state level and yet it is still not satisfactory and fully effective in the countries covered in this study: France and Brazil. And even if on the one hand, an increase has been observed in public debate regarding the protection of the environment by fiscal means, on the other hand, the implementation of environmental fiscal tools in national taxation systems remains marginal. Through behavioral incentive or dissuasion techniques, taxation has a particularly privileged role amongst environmental protection instruments, based on the polluter pays and prevention or precaution principles, but also on the economic theory of double dividends. However, obstacles remain, related on the one hand to the difficulty of reconciling fiscal mechanisms with other, no less important, principles such as legality, equality and budgetary universality and on the other hand to the necessity of overcoming certain economic and budgetary risks intrinsic to environmental taxation. Thus, this study aims to contribute to the current discussion by looking at the French and Brazilian perspectives, particularly regarding the formulation of environmental tax law and its various dimensions, be they in the environmental, political, economical or social domains
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Estève, Adrien. "De la justification à l’anticipation : la construction d’une responsabilité environnementale et climatique des acteurs de la défense en France et aux États-Unis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IEPP0040.
Pełny tekst źródłaBased on the study of France and the United States, this doctoral dissertation shows that the incorporation of ecological challenges in defense policies depends on how environmental and climatic responsibilities are defined and assigned to the armed forces. The first type of responsibility comes from the just war tradition and the law of war and is defined as the duty to limit pollutions and destructions. Since the 1970s, is has been assigned by victims, scientists and jurists who hold defense organizations accountable for the ecological damages caused both in times of war and during peacetime. This responsibility is included quite late and in a limited way within the codes of conduct and the doctrine of logistics of both French and American armed forces. The second type of responsibility comes from a synthesis between the precision norm and sustainable development and is defined as the duty to economize the use of the armed forces. It comes from a responsibilization of defense organizations, which materializes in investments on more sustainable and greener technologies and military equipment. However, this requirement struggles to move away from mere experiments and incorporate all defense activities. The third type of responsibility comes from a synthesis between climate adaptation and strategic anticipation and is defined as a duty to anticipate and prevent climate risks. It originates from prospective and geostrategic studies on the national security implications of climate change. Consequently, it is the most integrated form of responsibility within contemporary defense policies and more specifically within strategic doctrines, which pay a growing attention to the use of armed forces in the climate resiliency of societies
Girard, Julien. "L' engagement des entreprises et la protection de l'environnement". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010289.
Pełny tekst źródłaRadhouane, Ikram. "Analyse de l'impact des pratiques de reporting environnemental sur la performance des entreprises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0435.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral research focus on the voluntary environmental information released by French firms in their annual reports and sustainability reports through five articles. The aim of this thesis is to provide better understanding of the potential benefits achieved by firms through communicated their environmental engagement to their external stakeholders. Using a sample of French listed firms belonging to the SBF 120 stock index over an eleven-year period (2001-2011), this research examines the mechanisms by which environmental reporting can influence firms’ financial performance. First, it illustrates the potential benefits for firms that report more on environmental initiatives, with regard to two important categories of stakeholders: shareholders and customers. Second, it investigates circumstances under which firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries can obtain financial benefits from the disclosure of their environmental initiatives. Our findings show that firms can reap economic benefits arising from environmental information disclosed to shareholders and customers
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Arnal, Juliette. "La normalisation sociale et environnementale et les relations inter-entreprises". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269046.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'éthique de l'entreprise satisfait une demande de repérage et d'affirmation de règles communes relatives à la sphère économique. La formalisation de l'éthique permet à la firme de l'intégrer à ses politiques. Les normes éthiques, outils spécifiques de formalisation, établissent un compromis entre la recherche d'une attitude responsable, un état de la technique et les contraintes économiques. L'intérêt porté aux normes éthiques se justifie par le fait qu'elles représentent des modes de régulation originaux des relations inter-entreprises sur le plan de la coordination et des échanges. Trois caractéristiques de ces normes sont à mettre en perspective : elles sont de nature hétérogène, en plein foisonnement et traduisent une régulation de la sphère privée par elle-même. Dans ce contexte l'éthique de l'entreprise est loin d'être neutre en termes de régulation des fournisseurs et des sous-traitants et plus généralement en termes de rôle de l'entreprise dans la société. L'utilisation de ces normes éthiques révèle une segmentation entre des fournisseurs primaires et secondaires. Les normes éthiques créent de la confiance pour certains et instrumentent la dépendance pour d'autres. Ces pratiques sont confirmées dans une perspective institutionnelle par les modes de construction des normes et les zones d'influence qu'elles créent. Les entreprises, les Etats et les organisations internationales interviennent dans la structuration de l'architecture internationale de la normalisation éthique. Cette architecture révèle le pouvoir structurel de la normalisation en tant que moyen de régulation des relations inter-firmes et du capitalisme.
Aouimeur, Assia. "Les difficultés de mise en oeuvre de la fiscalité environnementale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD005.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the face of the ecological crisis, the States do not put any work to act effectively against the pollution and thus to consider the deployment of an ecological public order. The applied and preferred tools are the most adapted to the needs, the competitiveness of the industries and are the least effective. The government prefers to use regulatory standards and greenhouse gas emission permits to protect the environment, excluding the taxation deemed unpopular, too restrictive yet very effective to encourage economic agents to change their behavior over the long term.This environmental-related tax, essentially called “environmental taxation”, is confronted with a panoply of institutional, legal, political, economic and social obstacles that are difficult to surmount. In spite of a real potentiality, the tax related to the environment does not manage to be included in the French tax system, in EU law and in international law.Despite the real potential, the related taxation fails to fit into the national tax system, EU law and international law. The Nordic countries seem to be the exception.Environmental taxation must be at the service of the environment and thus meet this purpose. However, the only function of the latter is budgetary performance, the tax systems adopted favoring the protection of the environment are few in number.The thesis proposes to provide answers to obstacles to the emergence of environmental taxation in France, EU law and international law
Roussary, Aurélie. "Vers une recomposition de la gouvernance de la qualité de l'eau potable en France : de la conformité sanitaire à l'exigence de qualité environnementale". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494624.
Pełny tekst źródłaNoé, Jean-Baptiste. "Total. Comment associer responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise et réussite économique de l'entreprise (1946-2003)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL049.
Pełny tekst źródłaFounded in 1924, Compagnie Française des Pétroles is still only a small oil company after the Second World War. In 2003, after buying Fina and then Elf, the company now known as Total SA has nearly 100,000 employees, is present in all the major oil regions of the world and considers itself a company that supplies energy; and not just oil. In about sixty years, it was a global industrial group that was built as much as a human group, endowed with a very strong internal culture.The thesis studies this group identity, through the bosses, employees and customers of Total. How did successive bosses conduct their business, what culture did they want to forge ? What wage policy is being pursued in the field of training, participation and subsidiarity ? How are customers tied to Total and loyalty ? This last question allows us to discuss the French society's relationship with oil and the car. Total global group is not just an energy supplier. The company thinks and conceptualizes its social and environmental responsibility. It conducts a cultural and patronage policy, it encourages its employees to engage in NGOs.In mirroring this social implication, Total is also attacked, even criticized, for environmental laxity and for badly redistributed profits. The company is reacting chaotically to these accusations. The thesis asks about the emotional relationship that the French have with the industrial flourish of their country, and how this jewel tries to enhance its image. It is this history of men, of oil, of identity and of culture, which is the main thread of our research. Through the case of Total, the thesis therefore leads to a reflection on industrial capitalism as an economic and social actor in France
Noé, Jean-Baptiste. "Total. Comment associer responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise et réussite économique de l'entreprise (1946-2003)". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL049.
Pełny tekst źródłaFounded in 1924, Compagnie Française des Pétroles is still only a small oil company after the Second World War. In 2003, after buying Fina and then Elf, the company now known as Total SA has nearly 100,000 employees, is present in all the major oil regions of the world and considers itself a company that supplies energy; and not just oil. In about sixty years, it was a global industrial group that was built as much as a human group, endowed with a very strong internal culture.The thesis studies this group identity, through the bosses, employees and customers of Total. How did successive bosses conduct their business, what culture did they want to forge ? What wage policy is being pursued in the field of training, participation and subsidiarity ? How are customers tied to Total and loyalty ? This last question allows us to discuss the French society's relationship with oil and the car. Total global group is not just an energy supplier. The company thinks and conceptualizes its social and environmental responsibility. It conducts a cultural and patronage policy, it encourages its employees to engage in NGOs.In mirroring this social implication, Total is also attacked, even criticized, for environmental laxity and for badly redistributed profits. The company is reacting chaotically to these accusations. The thesis asks about the emotional relationship that the French have with the industrial flourish of their country, and how this jewel tries to enhance its image. It is this history of men, of oil, of identity and of culture, which is the main thread of our research. Through the case of Total, the thesis therefore leads to a reflection on industrial capitalism as an economic and social actor in France
Abadie, Pauline. "Entreprise responsable et environnement : Recherche d'une systématisation en droit français et américain". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010323.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuerroud, Yassine. "Trois essais sur l'éco-innovation au niveau de l'entreprise : le cas français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe idea supported in the literature for a long time was that the regulatory framework had a negative impact on the activity of firms, as well as on their prosperity. Starting from the 1990s, this vision started to change progressively and was substituted by a new approach in which the conflict between economic and ecological performance should be approached differently. More concretely, political decisions and researchers' endeavours triggered this new approach according to which neither the regulatory framework nor the reduction of pollution should involve any economic activity harming. According to this context, firms should introduce environmental innovations or eco-innovations which are, as their name suggests, innovations with less environmental negative externalities. The content of this thesis sticks with this context and aims to bring in new elements to the debate, to deepen the extant analysis related to the questions of the introduction of eco-innovation at the firm level, as well as by highlighting the French context.The first chapter of this thesis presents a theoretical and conceptual literature review on eco-innovation. This review is based on a bench of contributions in the field and aims to underline the impact of eco-innovation on firm performance, as well as the different consequences related to its activity. This review suggests that the effects of the introduction of eco-innovation can be decomposed into two separate categories: the internal effects and the external effects. First, internal effects are mainly related to employment and to the ability of firms to create more jobs, also including qualitative substitution effects based on improved qualifications. Second, external effects are related to changes in relationships across firms while complying with the environmental regulation through the transformation of the supply chain. The objective of this chapter is to develop and explain these mechanisms alongside other aspects related to eco-innovation.The second chapter includes a theoretical and an empirical analysis on the determinants of eco-innovation based on French data. Literature on the question is generally quite scarce, particularly regarding France, and almost inexistent concerning eco-organisational and eco-marketing innovations.The analysis along this chapter aims to emphasise these points, in a context marked by an increasing adoption of eco-organisational and eco-marketing innovations by firms. Results reveal a great importance of firm's reputation ahead of the introduction of all types of eco-innovation (product, process, organisation, and marketing), the importance of cost savings as well as the implementation of good environmental practices for the introduction of eco-organisational innovation, and the role of existing governmental aids and the contracts with customers for the introduction of eco-marketing innovation.Finally, the third chapter deals with the question of the impact of eco-innovation on firm growth, considering two growth indicators: employment and turnover, and analysing French data. After the presentation of a literature review, the empirical analysis is developed to analyse the impact of the introduction of eco-innovation (with no distinction in types), on both growth indicators previously explained. Following the very recent literature, multiple quantile regressions are performed given the non-linearity and the heterogeneity of firms' growth. Findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between eco-innovation and turnover growth of the top decile (10%) of the sample. Meanwhile, these results are not confirmed regarding eco-innovation and employment growth. Finally, other variables, namely patenting activity, research and development, and group ownership, are found to be important for firms' growth of the sample whatever the growth indicator used
Bouru, Michaël. "Les préjudices environnementaux. Essai sur la dualité de l'office du juge judiciaire". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe judge has authority, art, science and caution. He comes back to the litigant when he thinks his interests are injured. He has to be confident and be the guarantor of rights and duties of anyone. The judge deserves this confidence. Front to environmental prejudices, the judge has to improve a fair justice. As a matter of fact, he tries to make everyone’s rights as the ones who belong to environment per se. He is the one who contributes to the uprising of a true ecological public order. He demonstrates his ability to stop, fix or compensate damages relating to environmental harm. Despite the birth of this social and evolving environmental paradigm, the judge is part of a leverage effect in order to expand cival liability. Nevertheless, he is facing legal obstacles to fulfil his tasks. On the one hand, these obstacles are inherent to law which anihilate legal proceeding. However, the judge is not necessarily having the intellectual ressources to realise his role as a jurisdictio. On the other hand, operating procedures act as a serious break for the judge. Especially in legal proceedings where environmental issues are conducive to the common heritage of humankind and future generations. The judge has to build and maintain a true environmental action
Mahmoud, Rasha. "Le droit de la construction et les contraintes environnementales : étude comparative franco-libanaise". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC032.
Pełny tekst źródłaLebanon in its institutional and legislative framework is confronted with a deficiency in the legal texts relating to the sector of sustainable construction, urban planning and the environment. As a result, this hinders population growth and increases environmental degradation. In addition, the resulting dilemmas arise from confusions and illogicalities due to the vagueness and ambiguity that exists in the laws and regulations covering this sector. As a result, prerogatives overlap and create jurisdictional conflicts that hamper effective progress. In the construction project, ecological engineering preserves sustainable development and the ecological footprint. Being mindful of the importance of green construction in the preservation of heritage and nature, the French legislator has enacted several laws to both protect the environment and heritage sites. In the case of Lebanon however, the legislative and institutional deficiencies, through the ambiguity of the texts and the deficiency of the legal system, as well as the derogatory “Lebanese” urban planning clearly translate into a chaotic urban and rural landscape. In this regard, we recommended taking the French system as a model, because historically, the French law is the backbone for Lebanese laws and legislations. The legal regime for green construction in France protects the environment and adopts an ecological architecture, considered to restore certain endangered balances. Then, it establishes compensation for pure ecological damage by promoting environmental responsibility, as well as insurance contracts, in order to compensate the injured parties. Therefore, it is reassuring to see the emergence and need for a Lebanese green building law to avoid ecological damage. However, the implementation of measures aimed at making environments compatible with industrial and economic growth must take into account the socio-economic situation of the country. Hence, the importance of construction that reduces the consumption of natural resources and incorporates sustainable development strategies into construction law. In Lebanese practice, normalizing these breaches is done in most cases by their legalizations. In addition, patronage and clientelism is a feature entrenched in the Lebanese political system and reflects on all aspects including the construction sector. In addition, an evaluation of the durability of a construction is necessary, because it must begin with the evaluation of the specificities of the building as such. The comparative study we carried out guarantees theoretical and practical interests. The presentation of the adaptation of green construction in France allows us to better understand the best method of integrating the new provisions into Lebanese law. In practice, success is possible if we overcome the obstacles that hinder the protection of the environment and adopt laws that cover the environmental liability in Lebanon. A striking and surprising delay seems to affect the start of a road to the proper application of the polluter pays principle. Our critical, objective and comparative study of environmental constraints in Lebanese construction law has enabled the emergence of improved strategies and policies with a view to greater integration of French policies. This study thus is an opportunity to bring forth a comparative study on construction, urban planning and the environment between France and Lebanon. It relates particularly to the French adoption of green construction for the Lebanese adaptation especially at the level of the protection of our architectural heritage and the maintenance of identity and history. The presented analysis attempts to sound the alarm for an emergency plan for the dangerous environmental situation in Lebanon. Guided by a comparative study between the two countries, it shows that it is binding to initiate a law on green construction, sooner rather than later
Ben, Abdelhamid Abdelmehdi. "Corporate governance and employee ownership : evidence from France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAD016.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral work examines the way employee share ownership influences the governance and strategic choices of a company. The first chapter of the thesis presents an inventory of the literature on employee share ownership and corporate governance. This review helps to develop the conceptual foundations on the research questions addressed in the thesis. Chapter 2 assesses the impact of employee share ownership on the entrenchment of CEOs in their jobs. The measures of managerial entrenchment in our research are the age, seniority and turnover rate of the CEO. Our empirical study examines the majority of French companies making up the SBF 120 stock market index and the methodology of generalized moments (GMM) is implemented. Essentially, the results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between employee ownership and CEO entrenchment. We also show that the presence of employee shareholder representatives on boards of directors or supervisory boards also has an impact and varies the inflection points of the relationships observed. Chapter 3 examines the impact of employee share ownership and its representation on the board of directors on a company's cost of capital. The study focuses on the companies in the SBF 120 index. The empirical results document the increase in employee ownership which results in an increase in the cost of capital up to a certain level, and that subsequently this relationship is reversed. The results converge and show that variations in employee share ownership and the presence of employees on the board of directors significantly affect the cost of equity of the company and therefore implicitly influence the value of the company. Chapter 4 examines the impact of employee share ownership on the level of environmental responsibility of companies. The results show that a positive relationship exists between employee share ownership, employee involvement in boards and corporate environmental responsibility scores. Finally, this research sheds additional light on the consequences of employee ownership in the French context
Radhouane, Ikram. "Analyse de l'impact des pratiques de reporting environnemental sur la performance des entreprises". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0435.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral research focus on the voluntary environmental information released by French firms in their annual reports and sustainability reports through five articles. The aim of this thesis is to provide better understanding of the potential benefits achieved by firms through communicated their environmental engagement to their external stakeholders. Using a sample of French listed firms belonging to the SBF 120 stock index over an eleven-year period (2001-2011), this research examines the mechanisms by which environmental reporting can influence firms’ financial performance. First, it illustrates the potential benefits for firms that report more on environmental initiatives, with regard to two important categories of stakeholders: shareholders and customers. Second, it investigates circumstances under which firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries can obtain financial benefits from the disclosure of their environmental initiatives. Our findings show that firms can reap economic benefits arising from environmental information disclosed to shareholders and customers
Ugo, Émilie. "Préjudices environnementaux et responsabilité civile". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1087.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe scientific conclusion is clear: we are experiencing a global environmental crisis and endemic. Moreover, we are not aware that most of the environmental damage proceeds from human activities, including exploitation activities dangerous to the environment. Private persons are directly concerned. Yet the study of positive law makes clear that our traditional civil liability mechanisms do not respond appropriately to the specificity of environmental damage, including the need for prevention. Our thesis project is to go beyond current legal gaps and inconsistencies in order to identify a suitable system of civil liability. To do this, it is imperative to engage in a process of conceptualization of environmental harm. Indeed, this preliminary approach throws new update existing imperfections and reveals the full potential of the law of civil liability. In this perspective, our work tends to show that the conceptualization of environmental damage must be "unitary". To be more precise, the "unitary concept of environmental damage" is based on two complementary approaches. The first reveals the existing unity between environmental damage and man. As for the second, it supports a broad definition of environmental damage in terms of environmental risks caused by hazardous activities. This approach is all the more virtuous it encourages and justifies the deployment of the system of civil liability in the matter
Elbardai, Habiba. "Vers une clarification des approches publicitaires « soft-sell » et « hard-sell » : étude comparée France-Maroc des pratiques des professionnels et des perceptions des consommateurs". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0039.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe debate on the impact of advertising emerged several decades ago, thus giving rise in recent years to an acceleration of scientific production concerning the different advertising approaches that act on consumer persuasion.The literature has highlighted two advertising approaches, a “soft-sell” approach based on an implicit, emotional message and a “hard-sell” advertising approach based on the factual and rational dimension. So far, the effectiveness of these two approaches has not been studied in Arab-Muslim countries despite the increasing weight of their economy. The objective of this doctoral research is to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of consumer persuasion in the face of “soft-sell” and “hard-sell” advertising and the practices of professionals in a Moroccan versus French context.The first part of this work builds the theoretical framework making it possible to respond to above mentioned the problem. To this end, we carry out, in a first part, a review of the models of communication and advertising persuasion (chapter 1) to understand the meaning of communication and its foundations before turning to the clarification of the “soft-sell” and “hard-sell” approaches (chapter 2), and the understanding of Arab-Muslim and European cultural specificities (chapter 3).In the second part, by relying on the possibility that the cultural specificities of the target modify the perceptions of the advertisements, we explore the managerial practices in an Arab-Muslim context (Chapter 4). In addition, thanks to an exploratory qualitative study carried out in France and Morocco, we are trying to understand the perceptions of consumers and advertisers toward advertising and, in particular, “soft-sell” and “hard-sell” approaches (chapters 5 and 6).Finally, the third part of this research deals with the construction of the conceptual model and the definition of the hypotheses (chapter 7) from the theory of Okazaki, Mueller and Taylor (2010). Our experimental choices are then presented (chapter 8). This is followed by the tests of our research hypotheses and presentation of the main results of our analyses (chapter 9). Results reveal differences concerning the impact of “soft-sell” and “hard-sell” approaches on the target's memorization, attitude and purchase intention. These results differ in particular according to the degree of religiosity and the environmental concern of the individual. The limits of this work refer to perspectives and new avenues of research
Sutthiprasid, Ganniga. "Le contentieux administratif environnemental en droit comparé franco-thaïlandais". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10068.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe comparative study of the French and Thai laws will be done in this thesis, regarding the protection of the rights of environment in the administrative contentious process. Since the specificity of the environment matter will be taken into consideration by both French and Thai judges, it is stated that the inefficiency of administrative contentious controls. Such inefficiency results from diverse reasons, notably from the fact of the insufficiencies and inappropriateness of the administrative contentious rules, and from the administrative judge’s hesitation to interpret this matter in adapting way. There are some special differences between French and Thai juridical interpretation concern with the urgent treatment by a single judge, the interim suspension by himself, the notion of being an interested party for prosecuting in court, the measure of the execution of decisions and the value of the general principles of environmental law etc. For the orientating the process in order to render efficiency, the transformation of rules of administrative litigation in both countries would be desirable, as well as the encouragement to enhance the active role of the protectors in this theme that mean the administrative judge, the administrative authority, the demander and notably the associations of environmental protection has been successfully worked in France
Moll-François, Fabien. "Problématiser les contaminations, mettre en cause les responsables : mobilisations, expertises et recours au droit pénal dans les affaires amiante et dioxines en France (1975-2015)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0177.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on contaminations as the origin of a damage and the consequence of a fault. It is grounded in two specific cases in environmental health, one connected to the presence of asbestos on the university campus of Jussieu (Paris), the other to the pollution generated by a waste incinerator near Albertville (Savoie). By examining the successive disputes generated by these situations since the mid-70s, the thesis concentrates on the central role played by people directly affected by the risks, from the 1990s onwards, in problematizing the contaminations to which they were exposed in terms of preventable damages, raising the criminal responsibility of a number of key players. The thesis examines how the questions of asbestos and dioxins sanitary impacts have been taken into consideration by the administrations regulating environmental toxics, and by the judicial system, which has to rule on possible misconduct. This work analyses a vast body of published documents and archives (from activists, administrations and the legal system), coupled to over fourty semi-structured interviews with the main stakeholders involved in the cases.Using an analysis based on arenas, the thesis explores the different social spaces where the problems were defined and addressed, placing emphasis on the different forms of expertise developed: the knowledge used to lead and feed the contestations; the knowledge used to guide public decisions; the knowledge used to substantiate judicial decisions. The arena of social conflicts, the arena of the administration and the arena of criminal justice are governed by specific principles and challenges, which are brought to light in this work, without, however, considering them as rigid and autonomous spaces. By adopting a micro-historical perspective, and by closely describing the events as they unfolded, this study reveals how the different arenas interacted with each other, and how the rules that govern them evolved as an effect of these affairs. This investigation shows that the degree of autonomy and interconnexion of these arenas is a crucial point, which can explain the trajectory of the cases studied. This trajectory depends on the interactions that take place - or do not take place - between the different arenas, but these processes operate discreetly. On a more structural level, the thesis shows how the administrative arena and the public policy expertise evolved under the influence of the mobilisations and the use of criminal law, resulting in an increased professionalization and the development of risk assessment standards – while highlighting the ambivalent effects that this may have on the recognition of the issues raised. Finally, this thesis reports on the mechanisms, specific to the law and judicial categories, which make the penalisation of public health difficult, particularly because of the reluctance of French criminal law to adopt a probabilistic type of reasoning to legally prove the existence of a damage
Le, Bot Jean-Michel. "Du développement durable au bien public : responsabilité et légitimité en question : à partir des cas de la Bretagne et de la Russie". Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20003.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecognising the relevance of the concept of sustainable development as a political reference, the author can hardly conceive it as a scientific concept. He prefers the concept of public good, of which as precise a definition as possible is given. He starts by examining two cases : Russia and Brittany. In Russia, can the ecologist movement, together with the desire for change which became apparent from the mid-80s, contribute in overcoming the ecological and sanitary consequences of the soviet industrial development, combining productivism and totalitarianism ? In Brittany, a productivist agricultural system is now being criticised because of its pollutant effects, whereas there are recognised alternative methods : organic farming, sustainable development plans, etc. Their supporters show that it is possible to produce otherwise, combining economic viability, ecological security and social acceptability. But does this clarify the real issues of these alternatives ? Analysing the practices demands the intervention of a theoretical model allowing for an identification of rationalities which formalise these practices. This model, which allows the question of environment and economic rationality to be dealt in a new way, is studied in the second part. A third part specifies how the study of Russian and Breton cases can enlighten fundamental problems. Don't the Russian post-soviet ecological crisis and the crisis of the Breton agricultural system, illustrate the limits of reference to economic rationality ? Doesn't contemporary reference to sustainable development constitute a reminder of a political principle of responsibility, as well as of an ethical principle of legitimacy ? How does the theoretical model used allow for a precise definition to be given of the concept of public good ? Finally, a certain similarity is shown between the crises concerning the professions of social workers and farming advisers. A redefinition of the profession of adviser is proposed
Vianna, Goncalves Raphael. "Exploitation offshore d'hydrocarbures et responsabilité civile : droit comparé : Brésil, France et Etats-Unis". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010271.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe current situation of the rules governing the liability of the entrepreneur for environmental damage caused by offshore oil exploration and by the transportation of this product by oil tankers, shows that the legislator is more concerned with environmental health issues. However, there are many gaps in national legislations that can lead to considerable legal uncertainty for the responsible parties. While, at the same time it does not provide adequate protection for the environment and to human beings. The comparative study of legals systems shows the importance that countries that are exposed to the dangers of oil spills, especially those exploiting oil in the sea, to have a special indemnisation fund to guarantee and facilitate environmental restoration and payment of compensation to victims. Besides protecting the environment and citizens' rights, the fund also offers the possibility of applying the defenses of liability and limitation of liability. The funds would be used to cover the losses beyond the limit of liability of the responsible partie or when the responsibility for the accident is ruled out by a liability defense cause
Touratier-Muller, Nathalie. "Le rôle et la responsabilité des “Achats de Transport" dans la prise en compte des critères environnementaux et des émissions CO2 en France". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2036/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis doctoral thesis forms part of the transportation purchasing process analysis. Several French government schemes have been introduced to raise companies’ awareness (shippers and carriers) regarding the CO2 emissions inducedby the transport of goods. The work achieved during this thesis uses these schemes as a "field study" to explore the impact of public policies and identifies levers that encourage shippers (client companies) to take the environmental footprint of products being transported into greater account
Esta tesis doctoral se inscribe en el proceso de compra de transporte de mercancías y productos. El análisis se centra en el caso francés, ya que, durante los últimos años, el gobierno de dicha nación implantó y propulsó varios programas parasensibilizar a las empresas (cargadores y transportistas) con respecto a las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero y otros perjuicios medioambientales derivados del transporte de mercancías. A lo largo de la tesis doctoral, se realizan varios estudios de caso para explorar el impacto de las políticas públicas de contratación sostenible e identificar las medidas que podrían motivar a los cargadores (empresas clientes) a tener más en cuenta la huella medioambiental de los productos transportados
Tollis, Claire. "Bien gérer les "espaces de nature", une éthique du faire avec : propositions pour une géographie des Associations hétérogènes". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814246.
Pełny tekst źródłaGnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable". Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
Plot-Vicard, Emmanuelle. "L’information diffusée par l’exploitant sur le risque nucléaire : quelle réponse aux attentes des parties prenantes ?" Paris 9, 2010. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this research is to know if there are distances between the expectations of the stakeholders and the information disclosed by the firm on the nuclear risk in its annual report. First of all, I wonder about the motives which lead companies to disclose environmental information, by associating the theories of the legitimacy and the stakeholders. I notice then the report which the financial accounting does not allow to report the whole nuclear risk. In particular, accounting (provision and contingent liability) does not integrate the risks of uncertain occurrence with important possible damages, as the risk of nuclear accident. Consequently, this research widens the field of analysis beyond financial status to contain all the information disclosed by the firm in its annual report. I determine the expectations of the stakeholders in information on the nuclear risk, then confront these expectations with the information disclosed by the firms in their annual report. Two additional measures allow me to analyze this information. The first one which describes the information indicates that only 7% of the disclosed information about the nuclear risk in annual reports is quantitative visible information for the reader and dealing with precise objectives or with concrete programs led by the firms. The second measure deals with the quality of the information. It suggests that a lot of information wished by the stakeholders is not disclosed. All in all, the expectations of the regulating, financial and media stakeholders seem satisfied but those of the stakeholders of the environmental lobby groups would not be
Berrier-Lucas, Céline. "Emergence de la dimension environnementale de la RSE : une étude historique franco-québécoise d'EDF et d'Hydro-Québec". Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090039/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation studies the environmental dimension of CSR. Current issues raised by sustainability need to deconstruct the concept of CSR to reveal the underlying structure of the Business & Society academic field. Through historical and comparative approaches, this research follows the trail that socio-Environmental issues leave in the controversies they deploy, in the relationships they forge and in compromises they establish with human and non-Humans through the construction of four energy facilities in France (Tignes’ hydroelectric dam and La Rance’ tidal power plant) and Quebec (Bersimis’ hydroelectric dam and Gentilly’ nuclear plant) during the 1945th until the 1970th. In the line of work that develop non dichotomous understanding of the nature and culture by taking the refusal of Modern ontology (Latour; Descola; Gladwin, Kennely and Krause, and Banerjee etc.) as a base, it sheds light on associations/dissociations performed within heterogeneous group of allies and revisits "environmental turn" thanks to the precise analysis of the work of the founding father of CSR, Howard R. Bowen Social Responsibilities of the Businessman (1953), illuminating its theoretical legacies. This research aims at making three contributions. First, it refines the "naturalistic" approach or "Modern" in two empirical and cognitive perspectives and two modes of relating to collective: realism and nominalism. Then it entered the literature of CSR into the Modern ontology by showing theoretical legacies in wilderness conservation. Finally, it mobilizes the Amodern approach to analyze the socio-Environmental issues, and proposes an alternative understanding of CSR based on a dynamic and relational view of responsibility where the traditional boundaries of the business environment are broken in favor of socio-Environmental networks
Gnonlonfin, Houévoh Amandine Reine. "Gestion des déchets solides municipaux en Méditerranée : Trois approches d'instruments de financement pour une gestion durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2013.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes
Olivero, Julie. "Entreprises et management environnemental : pratiques de gestion dans les établissements à risques règlementés situés sur le littoral français". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1072.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe increasing societal awareness and the intensification of the regulation make henceforth strategic environmental issues for pollutant sites. Included within the scope of the CSR, this thesis aims to understand the management decision of environmental risks within risky sites located in French densely populated coastal areas. It analyses the ways of evaluating, managing and communicating about environmental risks, also called “industrialo-environmental risks” (IER), and identifies motivations and difficulties of these actions as described by managers. The research is based on a multidisciplinary theoretical framework: the work on the individual decision under risk, the stakeholder theory, and the neo-institutionalism. The research methodology is divided into two times: a qualitative study of 19 interviews with textual analysis, and a survey of 196 sites by questionnaire. Results emphasize that, despite a collective awareness of environmental issues, IER have been significantly managed since only a decade. If regulatory stakeholders and leaders' values primarily guide risky sites towards a more "responsible" management, the complexity of regulation and the lack of information explain the slowing of environmental initiatives (EMS, EMAS eco-audit, partnerships). The surveyed sites adopt reactive approaches of regulatory compliance. Costs, lack of human and financial resources, and the low perception of the immediate benefits are considered as barriers to the pursuit of more ambitious environmental activities. Thus, the IER management appears more as a way to legitimize and sustain activities as an economic advantage
Elabidi, Houda. "La prise en compte des facteurs ESG (environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance) dans l'appréhension du risque opérationnel : le cas du secteur bancaire en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080058.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the adaptation of their governance models, methods and management processes. In this context, financial institutions are more and more involved in processes of expression, influence and standardization that interfere with their own vision and the ability to act. Such a context could not support either passivity or inaction and should, on the contrary, encourage financial institutions to develop more sophisticated risk management processes and to promote better application. However, the emergence of new sources of risk has made it more difficult to analyze the overall risk incurred by these institutions, hence the need to detect, control and limit it rapidly. This is why a social and governance environmental analysis makes it possible to diversify the sources of information, to refine and qualify the financial evaluation by non-financial criteria, but which participate fully in the development policy in the financial sector. This strengthens the role of risk governance in establishing guidelines and setting a framework for using a more comprehensive approach to risk management. In many cases, information on environmental, social and governance risks is overlooked by financial institutions, especially banks
Barrault, Julia. "Les pratiques de jardinage face aux risques environnementaux et sanitaires des pesticides. Les approches différenciées de la France et du Québec". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859540.
Pełny tekst źródłaJolivet, Patrick. "Représentation économique du comportement écologique des consommateurs : le cas des déchets ménagers". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003288.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa problématique centrale de cette thèse est donc la suivante : peut-on représenter économiquement le phénomène ‘déchet' dans l'acte individuel de consommation ? Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous proposons de représenter la sensibilité des consommateurs vis-à-vis de l'environnement, en général, et des déchets en particulier. Le postulat est que les individus peuvent intégrer la variable ‘environnement' dans leurs choix de consommation, dès l'achat de produits sur le marché : ceci définit ce que nous proposons d'appeler la rationalité environnementale continue des agents économiques.
Dans une seconde partie, nous caractérisons le comportement d'un individu qui choisit de trier ses déchets. A partir d'une enquête qualitative que nous avons réalisée, nous recherchons dans les discours et les pratiques des agents à définir ce qu'est le comportement du consommateur-producteur (-trieur) de déchets. Il apparaît, lors de cette enquête, que la sensibilité écologique des agents économiques, lorsqu'elle existe, ne se traduit pas prioritairement dans leurs choix de consommation. Les préoccupations vis-à-vis des déchets ménagers, postérieures aux décisions d'achat de biens, définissent une rationalité environnementale discontinue et nous conduisent à élargir le cadre d'analyse traditionnel du consommateur.
Amat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors
Amat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors