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Duiculescu, Beatrice Ioana. "Can resilient urban design support social resilience?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22719.
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This research is a small part of a bigger field of research made before by other authorsregarding the humans in the urban public space. It has a small context compared to otherstudies, but a big impact inside the community. It aims at finding answers to questions thatother researchers asked before, but under different circumstances and they displayed them through different ways such as documentary films (The social life of small urban spaces 1980, How to live in a city 1964).After experiencing the city life of Malmö and some questions have been raised, the concept of resilience intersected with the interest of social public life in a neighbourhood. In order to have the theoretical framework to answer the research question, the thesis follows a literature review, where the concepts of resilience, urban resilience, resilient urban design and social resilience have been explored.Next, after exploring the city of Malmö, some case studies have been chosen and studiedthrough direct observation in different months starting with March and various times of theday. In the methodological approach section the methods are explained as well as a detailed presentation of the biggest tool used for this research: observational drawing. The tools used for the observation are field notes, observational drawings and photographs. The cases are spread throughout the city and are located in neighbourhoods with different urban tissues. The results reveal all the observational drawings made during the field visits and the field notes written. They show how people use the spaces in all three case studies depending on the weather or other external factors.The discussion reveals the complexity of the relation between concepts and the empiricaldata, following the initial aim of the research throughout the discussion. This thesiscontributes with important outcomes to the field of urban studies creating awareness about the urban context and its influence on people. The findings of this study show a diversity and creativity of users in using the public space.
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Reshef, Yakir. "On Resilient and Exposure-Resilient Functions". Thesis, Harvard University, 2009. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:5125328.
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Resilient and exposure-resilient functions are functions whose output appears random even if some portion of their input is either revealed or fixed. We explore an alternative way of characterizing these objects that ties them explicitly to the theory of randomness extractors and simplifies current proofs of basic results. We also describe the inclusions and separations governing the various classes of resilient and exposure-resilient functions. Using this knowledge, we explore the possibility of improving existing constructions of these functions and prove that one specific method of doing so is impossible.
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Aguilar, Johnny R. "Resilient cities: an analysis of resilient urban form". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54268.
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This thesis studies the theories, scientific evidence and spatial relationships within urban form to determine means and deviations that developments can use to determine the resiliency of urban form within a given location. Resiliency within urban form functions as modulations around a morphological mean. Rather than replicate the mean, resilient cities modulate with low standard deviations around the mean. As a result, while many look aesthetically different, resilient cities are structurally more similar than dissimilar. Cities can use this information to inform their projects on a schematic design level to determine if they are improving their urban form or if they are deviating from the resilient mean.
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Shields, Lee Brantley. "Teacher Resilience in Central Virginia: How Veteran Teachers become Resilient". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97613.
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Teacher Resilience in Central Virginia: How Veteran Teachers become Resilient
Lee Brantley Shields
ABSTRACT
The development of teacher resilience is important in improving teacher retention. This study identified reasons veteran teachers have remained in the classroom; individual and contextual factors of resilience; significant challenges the teachers have encountered; and strategies the teachers used for dealing with the challenging situations. This was a qualitative study that included interviews with 15 teachers in a rural school division in Central Virginia. Data analysis occurred through deductive coding of the transcribed interviews using qualitative data analysis software. The findings for this study identified seven factors that veteran teachers indicated were important in their decision to remain in the classroom. The study also identified 22 individual factors of resilience and 10 contextual factors presented through the experiences of the veteran teachers. The veteran teachers described four challenges that they have faced in their school division and the strategies they used to overcome those challenges. The study concludes with the discussion, implication, and conclusion of the findings.Doctor of Education
Teacher Resilience in Central Virginia: How Veteran Teachers become Resilient Lee Brantley Shields GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT The development of teacher resilience is important in improving teacher retention. This study identified reasons veteran teachers have remained in the classroom; individual and contextual factors of resilience; the most significant challenges the teachers have encountered; and strategies the teachers used for dealing with those challenging situations. This was a qualitative study that included interviews with 15 teachers in a rural school division in Central Virginia. The findings for this study provide practitioners with a framework to develop a resilient culture within their schools.
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Baqer, Khaled. "Resilient payment systems". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285001.
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There have been decades of attempts to evolve or revolutionise the traditional financial system, but not all such efforts have been transformative or even successful. From Chaum's proposals in the 1980s for private payment systems to micropayments, previous attempts failed to take off for a variety of reasons, including non-existing markets, or issues pertaining to usability, scalability and performance, resilience against failure, and complexity of protocols. Towards creating more resilient payment systems, we investigated issues related to security engineering in general, and payment systems in particular. We identified that network coverage, central points of failure, and attacks may cripple system performance. The premise of our research is that offline capabilities are required to produce resilience in critical systems. We focus on issues related to network problems and attacks, system resilience, and scalability by introducing the ability to process payments offline without relying on the availability of network coverage; a lack of network coverage renders some payment services unusable for their customers. Decentralising payment verification, and outsourcing some operations to users, alleviates the burden of contacting centralised systems to process every transaction. Our secondary goal is to minimise the cost of providing payment systems, so providers can cut transaction fees. Moreover, by decentralising payment verification that can be performed offline, we increase system resilience, and seamlessly maintain offline operations until a system is back online. We also use tamper-resistant hardware to tackle usability issues, by minimising cognitive overhead and helping users to correctly handle critical data, minimising the risks of data theft and tampering. We apply our research towards extending financial inclusion efforts, since the issues discussed above must be solved to extend mobile payments to the poorest demographics. More research is needed to integrate online payments, offline payments, and delay-tolerant networking. This research extends and enhances not only payment systems, but other electronically-enabled services from pay-as-you-go solar panels to agricultural subsidies and payments from aid donors. We hope that this thesis is helpful for researchers, protocol designers, and policy makers interested in creating resilient payment systems by assisting them in financial inclusion efforts.
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Mace, William. "Resilient civic republicanism". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849631/.
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Advanced liberal democracies today can be conceptualised ontologically as complex dynamic systems, characterised by increasing interconnectedness and interdependence. Neoliberal globalisation has been a key driving force behind this systemic evolution. This thesis claims that emerging global trends, such as climate change, illustrate the flaws in the dominant political philosophy of procedural liberalism. Freedom, understood as non-interference within this model, has permitted social fragmentation, atomisation and degradation of socio-political institutions. As a result, the latter are argued to rely on top-down impositions of the common good to facilitate adaption to new socio-political challenges, which undermine democracy. This calls for a need to find a political philosophy that can foster adaption to new circumstances, whilst maximising the democratic empowerment of individuals in the Western world. This thesis constructs a unique civic republican model based upon a revision of the scholarship of Michael Sandel, termed resilient civic republicanism (RCR). It contends that this is an appropriate political philosophy for the 21st century, in virtue of its capacity to underpin a resilient democratic socio-political institutional model in the face of contemporary challenges. This is due to being based on an alternative conception of liberty, freedom as self-government, which reinforces principles such as public deliberation, civic virtue, civic spaces, and federalism. These are subsequently argued to foster the self-reflection and adaption that resilience demands. By facilitating the acknowledgement of mutual self-realisation and collective responsibility, in that today one’s self-realisation is dependent on others, RCR can reconcile the imposition of new obligations (deemed necessary to attend to systemic challenges) with individual empowerment. Hence the claim that RCR would not result in socio-political institutions being corrupted by contemporary developments. The thesis therefore maintains that RCR can preserve liberty, and accommodate new constraints being imposed by emergent social and political changes within a democratic institutional model, in contradistinction to procedural liberalism.
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Andersen, David G. (David Godbe) 1975. "Resilient overlay networks". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86657.
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Dodis, Yevgeniy 1976. "Exposure-resilient cryptography". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86613.
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Garthwaite, Pam. "Resilient hospital refurbishment". Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/50381/.
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Despite periodical refurbishments, hospital buildings appear to become less resilient over the long term. This thesis considers the underlying reasons for this loss of resilience and examines the implications for the wider hospital system. Decisions made during a project can radically alter its course, resulting in highly successful outcomes or alternatively, in projects facing budget overruns, delays, partially or wholly unfulfilled objectives, disappointed end-users, and inadequate buildings. Refurbishment change is examined through the lens of resilience at three levels of magnification; initially, the focus is on refurbishment projects in hospitals; this is followed by an examination of the wider refurbished hospital building; and finally, consideration is directed towards the NHS Estate. Project changes may be particularly challenging when they relate to measures aimed at adapting buildings to future climate change. Specifically, there may be little enthusiasm for expenditure devoted to future needs, when funding is insufficient to meet today’s urgent priorities. Where Trusts have large portfolios of property, pre-emptive climate adaptation measures will take considerable time to realise, and accordingly, necessary measures must be in place before any climate-related risk to vulnerable patients becomes life-threatening. Hospitals are extremely intricate buildings, both in terms of function and of the services that underpin the care process. Relatively small changes, either temporary or permanent, made during the course of a project can have significant repercussions for the hospital. A systems approach has been adopted to explore the relationships and connectivities that may be affected by the hospital refurbishment process. The research findings include the identification of change and resilience mechanisms in refurbishment projects. A framework for mapping change trajectories is presented, to assist in the analysis of propagating changes that affect refurbishment processes. The thesis also makes recommendations for what should be considered in hospital refurbishment projects to improve their overall resilience and reduce vulnerability to major impacts, particularly those that may arise as the UK climate changes.
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Xiao, Qian. "Climate resilient city". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254675.
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Gravenstein, Gretchen. "Resilience in urban civic spaces: guidelines for designing resilient social-ecological systems". Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17642.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Blake Belanger
Resilience in social-ecological systems, defined by ecologist C.S. Holling (1973), is the persistence of systems after a disturbance. This theory of resilience is becoming increasingly important, especially in urban areas where human systems dominate. Therefore, creating resilient social-ecological systems is emerging as a focus for many landscape architects when designing urban landscapes. Researchers and practitioners have created frameworks and strategies for applying resilience theory, but designers are still lacking tangible methods they can use to implement design strategies to create resilient landscapes. This research presents a set of resilient design strategies, so landscape architects can have a tool to design generally resilient social-ecological systems in urban areas. In order to discover strategies which improve system resilience, I conducted a literature review and created a perceptual model of the social-ecological systems operating in the study site, Washington Square Park in Kansas City, Missouri. The perceptual model determined systems and system components I focused on in this research. These systems are soil, water, vegetation, fauna, and people. Strategies suggested by Jack Ahern (2011), Brian Walker and David Salt (2006), and Kevin Cunningham (2013) for creating resilience determined strategies which were applied to the system components in order to evaluate the park for resilience. The strategies suggested are modularity, redundancy, tight feedbacks, and ecosystem services. In addition, the system components and strategies were used to analyze case studies. I used strategies discovered in the case study analyses along with goals for the redesign of Washington Square Park, discovered by analyzing the site and previous park documents, to create the guidelines. I then used the guidelines to create a design proposal for the park. The current state of the system components in the park and the proposed state from the redesign were used to show the guidelines’ success in increasing the general resilience of Washington Square Park. These guidelines have potential to increase resilience in other urban civic spaces through a similar methodology I used for Washington Square Park. In addition, the guidelines have the potential to further research in applying resilience theory to the design of landscapes.
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Oliveira, Rodrigo Ruas. "Toward cost-efficient Dos-resilient virtual networks with ORE : opportunistic resilience embedding". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71908.
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O atual sucesso da Internet vem inibindo a disseminação de novas arquiteturas e protocolos de rede. Especificamente, qualquer modificação no núcleo da rede requer comum acordo entre diversas partes. Face a isso, a Virtualização de Redes vem sendo proposta como um atributo diversificador para a Internet. Tal paradigma promove o desenvolvimento de novas arquiteturas e protocolos por meio da criação de múltiplas redes virtuais sobrepostas em um mesmo substrato físico. Adicionalmente, aplicações executando sobre uma mesma rede física podem ser isoladas mutuamente, propiciando a independência funcional entre as mesmas. Uma de suas mais promissoras vantagens é a capacidade de limitar o escopo de ataques, através da organização de uma infraestrutura em múltiplas redes virtuais, isolando o tráfego das mesmas e impedindo interferências. Contudo, roteadores e enlaces virtuais permanecem vulneráveis a ataques e falhas na rede física subjacente. Particularmente, caso determinado enlace do substrato seja comprometido, todos os enlaces virtuais sobrepostos (ou seja, alocados neste) serão afetados. Para lidar com esse problema, a literatura propõe dois tipos de estratégias: as que reservam recursos adicionais do substrato como sobressalentes, protegendo contra disrupções; e as que utilizam migração em tempo real para realocar recursos virtuais comprometidos. Ambas estratégias acarretam compromissos: o uso de recursos sobressalentes tende a tornar-se custoso ao provedor de infraestrutura, enquanto a migração de recursos demanda um período de convergência e pode deixar as redes virtuais inoperantes durante o mesmo. Esta dissertação apresenta ORE (Opportunistic Resilience Embedding – Mapeamento com Resiliência Oportunística), uma nova abordagem de mapeamento de redes para proteger enlaces virtuais contra disrupções no substrato físico. ORE é composto por duas estratégias: uma proativa, na qual enlaces virtuais são alocados em múltiplos caminhos para mitigar o impacto de uma disrupção; e uma reativa, a qual tenta recuperar, parcial ou integralmente, a capacidade perdida nos enlaces virtuais afetados. Ambas são modeladas como problemas de otimização. Ademais, como o mapeamento de redes virtuais é NP-Difícil, ORE faz uso de uma meta-heurística baseada em Simulated Annealing para resolver o problema de forma eficiente. Resultados numéricos mostram que ORE pode prover resiliência a disrupções por um custo mais baixo.Recently, the Internet’s success has prevented the dissemination of novel networking architectures and protocols. Specifically, any modification to the core of the network requires agreement among many different parties. To address this situation, Network Virtualization has been proposed as a diversifying attribute for the Internet. This paradigm promotes the development of new architectures and protocols by enabling the creation of multiple virtual networks on top of a same physical substrate. In addition, applications running over the same physical network can be isolated from each other, thus allowing them to coexist independently. One of the main advantages of this paradigm is the use of isolation to limit the scope of attacks. This can be achieved by creating different, isolated virtual networks for each task, so traffic from one virtual network does not interfere with the others. However, routers and links are still vulnerable to attacks and failures on the underlying network. Particularly, should a physical link be compromised, all embedded virtual links will be affected. Previous work tackled this problem with two main strategies: using backup resources to protect against disruptions; or live migration to relocate a compromised virtual resource. Both strategies have drawbacks: backup resources tend to be expensive for the infrastructure provider, while live migration may leave virtual networks inoperable during the recovery period. This dissertation presents ORE (Opportunistic Resilience Embedding), a novel embedding approach for protecting virtual links against substrate network disruptions. ORE’s design is two-folded: while a proactive strategy embeds virtual links into multiple substrate paths in order to mitigate the initial impact of a disruption, a reactive one attempts to recover any capacity affected by an underlying disruption. Both strategies are modeled as optimization problems. Additionally, since the embedding problem is NP-Hard, ORE uses a Simulated Annealing-based meta-heuristic to solve it efficiently. Numerical results show that ORE can provide resilience to disruptions at a lower cost.
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Meyer, Kristine Myhrwold. "Becoming more resilient perceptions of resiliency development education in post-secondary students /". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Goloway, Stephanie. "Happily Ever Resilient: A Content Analysis of Themes of Resilience in Fairytales". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4518.
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One in 4 children in the United States lives in a family impacted by the chronic, heritable disease of substance use disorder (SUD), also known as alcoholism or addiction. Recent research has demonstrated that resilience is a key protective factor against developing the disease in adolescence and adulthood and that the neurological roots of resilience lie in the child's experiences in early childhood. In spite of this, few resources related to family SUD or current models of resilience are included in preservice teacher preparation for early childhood educators. This study examined whether key components of Masten's model of resilience are found in fairytales, a form of literature commonly used in early childhood teacher preparation programs. A qualitative, descriptive, deductive content analysis was conducted on 24 fairytales from 22 different cultures, using a tool derived from Propp's morphology of fairytales and Masten's model of resilience. Results indicated that the texts of 96% of these stories contained multiple specific references to the 3 dominant evidence-based factors for resilience: attachment/relationships, initiative, and self-regulation. When broken into the 7 subcategories of these 3 protective factors, as identified by Masten, 9 fairytales contained examples of all 7 protective factors; 9 had examples of 6, and another 5 had examples of 5. The results of this study may be used to provide teacher educators with resources to better prepare preservice early childhood teachers to understand and nurture resilience in children, while addressing existing mandated learning objectives related to emergent literacy. This will benefit all children the teachers will work with, but especially those who are impacted by SUD and other forms of trauma.
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Mills, Michelle M. "The resilient child : emotional space". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45302.
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Qazi, Sameer Hashmat Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Scalable resilient overlay networks". Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44536.
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The Internet has scaled massively over the past 15 years to extend to billions of users. These users increasingly require extensive applications and capabilities from the Internet, such as Quality of Service (QoS) optimized paths between end hosts. When default Internet paths may not meet their requirements adequately, there is a need to facilitate the discovery of such QoS optimized paths. Fortunately, even though the route offered by the Internet may not work (to the required level of performance), often there exist alternate routes that do work. When the direct Internet path between two Internet hosts for instance is sub-optimal (according to specific user defined criterion), there is a possibility that the direct paths of both to a third host may not be suffering from the same problem owing to path disjointness. Overlay Networks facilitate the discovery of such composite alternate paths through third party hosts. To discover such alternate paths, overlay hosts regularly monitor both Internet path quality and choose better alternate paths via other hosts. Such measurements are costly and pose scalability problems for large overlay networks. This thesis asserts and shows that these overheads could be lowered substantially if the network layer path information between overlay hosts could be obtained, which facilitates selection of disjoint paths. This thesis further demonstrates that obtaining such network layer path information is very challenging. As opposed to the path monitoring which only requires cooperation of overlay hosts, disjoint path selection depends on the accuracy of information about the underlay, which is out of the domain of control of the overlay and so may contain inaccuracies. This thesis investigates how such information could be gleaned at different granularities for optimal tradeoffs between spatial and/or temporal methods for selection of alternate paths. The main contributions of this thesis are: (i) investigation of scalable techniques to facilitate alternate path computation using network layer path information; (ii) a review of the realistic performance gains achievable using such alternate paths; and (iii) investigation of techniques for revealing the presence of incorrect network layer path information, proposal of new techniques for its removal.
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Barker, Simon Keith. "Resilient energy harvesting systems". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1434.
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Developing resilient sensor systems for deployment in extreme environments is a challenge which silicon carbide, along with other wide band gap materials, stands to play a major role in. However, any system developed will be hindered in its usefulness unless the problem of providing a power supply in these extreme conditions is addressed. This work addresses this need; a wireless sensor node conceived of standard o the shelf components was first developed and used as the basis for the design considerations required for a silicon carbide sensor node. The silicon system developed uses a piezoelectric energy harvester for the power supply and exhibits favourable operating characteristics for low vibration environments. It is capable of continuous operation at 120 mg (1.177 ms⁻²) and at 40 mg operates with a system duty cycle of 0.05. PZT, a standard piezoelectric energy harvesting material, was characterised to 300°C to test its resilience to the conditions found in hostile environments. The material degrades considerably with temperature, with a decrease in Youngs modulus from 66 GPa at room temperature to 8.16 GPa at 300 C. The room temperature value is repeatable once cooled with an observed hysteresis in the upper temperature range. The peak output voltage at resonance also varies with temperature, resulting in an 11.6% decrease in room temperature voltage once the device is heated to 300°C. The output voltage at 300°C is found to be 2.05 V, a considerable decrease from the initial 11.1 V output at room temperature. The decrease in voltage with temperature is not monotonic as maybe expected, the data showing that at 473 K there is an increase in output voltage which is caused by a decrease in mechanical damping. SiC pin diodes were fabricated with wide drift regions to promote a large depletion width, in order to maximise the capture cross section of incident light on the devices. The large drift region produces a high series resistance. However, ll factors above 0.7 show that the device is not signi cantly a ected. SiC is shown to be an e ective UV harvester with an observed increase in output power from 0.17 mWcm⁻² at room temperature to 0.32 mWcm⁻² at 600 K. Fill factor also remains stable with temperature, indicating that the device is not a ected by variation in parameters such as shunt and series resistances or the ideality factor. There are current technological di culties which preclude the manufacture of large area silicon carbide solar cells and as such, an alternative networking solution is presented as a way to increase the output power of the devices. Given that these devices would be subject to long term high temperature exposure, a 700 hour thermal stress test is carried out at 450°C to explore the failure mechanism of the devices. There is an observed decrease in device ll factor which indicates that the device su ers increasing degradation. The data shows that this is caused by increasing series resistance, which reduces the devices ability to output power. SEM imaging and SIMS analysis show this is likely caused by signifcant metal diusion in the contact stack which could potentially be overcome by the addition ofan alternative di usion barrier. Once energy is generated by an energy harvester is must be stored so that it can be used when required. To this end both substrate and on chip storage technologies are discussed in the forms of AlN and HfO₂ metal insulator metal (MIM) capacitors. To test the feasibility of both solutions, AlN and HfO₂ MIM capacitors were characterised to 300°C. The HfO₂ device leakage has a strong temperature dependence as observed in the IV characteristics and the capacitance density does not scale according to parallel plate theory. However, the devices can be e ectively networked and their leakage reduced with series connection. The internal voltage decay of the device is reduced with series connection, due to the di er-ing work functions of the metal-insulator contacts. The alternative AlN solution exhibits substantially weaker temperature dependance and signi cantly improved lm quality. The data shows no existence of a barrier at the insulator - metal interface, as observed in the HfO2 device IV characteristics. The extracted activation energy is stable with temperature at 1.26 +/- 0.15 eV indicating a trap assisted leakage mechanism. This method is more suitable to fabrication of large area storage as it can be fabricated o chip on a less expensive substrate and the devices fabricated exhibit a higher yield than the HfO₂ devices.
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Shah, Janvi Pankaj. "Resilient geotechnical asset management". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6644/.
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There is overwhelming evidence that the development of new, technically sound, engineered and fit-for-purpose critical physical infrastructure is vital for economic growth and stability. With many countries targeting significant levels of capital investment in energy, transport, communications, flood management and water and waste water infrastructure, there is a vital need for asset management frameworks that can provide both robust and resilient asset support. Currently, asset management tools focus predominantly on data management, deterioration modelling, condition assessment, risk, as well as economic factors (such as whole-life costing and developing investment plans). Some also consider the vulnerabilities of a network to climate change and extreme weather events such as flooding. However, rather than taking a long term view, asset management strategies are often short term, typically five years or less. What is needed is a long-term approach, which will ensure assets are safe, secure and resilient to what the future may hold in 20, or even 50 years’ time. The thesis describes the development of a ‘Resilience Assessment Framework’ which provides a platform to appraise resilience of geotechnical assets in the planning stage of asset management by considering how geotechnical assets (specifically for transport infrastructure) designed and built today will perform in the light of socio-economic, environmental, political, technological changes and shock events in the future. This framework intends to assist in strategic level decision-making by enabling long term planning and management of geotechnical assets and help future proof transport infrastructure. The proposed framework is validated using two real case studies to demonstrate its use and applicability in the field of geotechnical asset management.
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Whitehouse, Steven John. "Error resilient image compression". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621935.
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Phillis, Marcie J. "Resilient Resistors: Women Trauma Survivors Narrate Resistance and Resilience Following Traumatic Life Experiences". OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1644.
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Previous studies of resistance in the field of sociology have focused on many types of resistance but have not examined poor women’s resistance in the aftermath of trauma. Psychologists have examined trauma recovery and resilience, but have not examined these topics from an integrated, sociological perspective. In this work, I synthesize current scholarship on resistance from sociology with resilience in psychology and address these existing gaps. Through open-ended, semi-structured interviews with twenty-three women who suffered traumatic life events, I answer the following questions: How do women narrate their rebound from trauma and how do they define those experiences? What are the commonalities in women's narratives of overcoming? How do race, class, sexuality, and poverty intersect to affect resistance and resilience for these women? What themes emerge in women’s discussions of overcoming trauma? What aspects of their trauma recovery involve resistance and resilience? My findings show that women trauma survivors are resilient and resistant in a number of ways: through understood therapeutic means including self-help, support groups, therapy, reading about and watching programs regarding the subject, discussing trauma and recovery with family and friends, using mentors, engaging in positive spirituality, and through creative expression. I found women were resistant in less traditionally understood ways. These include choosing to get help with coping from therapy or support groups against the wishes of loved ones or others due to stigma. Other methods included renaming themselves “survivor”, “thriver”, or reject labels entirely, and creating new, resilient selves. Finally, I found that survivors of traumatic life events often rejected community norms regarding how gender is “done,” by rejecting femininity, eschewing marriage, living as out lesbians, or choosing not to have children. Two unique findings emerged through the data collection. The first was that women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds frequently rejected the idea of victimhood, identified as survivors, or chose no label at all. They narrated their transition from victim to survivor as a sudden choice as opposed to, as the literature suggests, a process. Second, I find that there is a very particular script for coping in women from lower classes which frames traumatic life experiences as, “just part of being a woman.” I find that these frequently women employed a “tough guise” identity to reclaim respect in their low-income communities. I further find that women recreate new, socially valorized identities free from stigma by engaging in prosocial coping.
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Burnard, Kevin J. "Establishing the resilient response of organisations to disruptions : an exploration of organisational resilience". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12489.
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The focus of this thesis is to investigate resilience at an organisational level. The research aims to identify and establish the features of resilience within the response of an organisation to disruptive and crisis events. Natural disasters, pandemic disease, terrorist attacks, economic recession, equipment failure and human error can all pose both a potentially unpredictable and severe threat to the continuity of an organisation's operations. As a result, disruptive events highlight the need to develop robust and resilient organisational and infrastructural systems capable of adapting and overcoming complex disruptive events.
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Davis, Emily Jane. "Resilient forests, resilient communities : facing change, challenge, and disturbance in British Columbia and Oregon". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38066.
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This research examines 1) the historical precedents for the complex ecological and
socioeconomic disturbances that forest communities in the North American West face today;
and 2) the multi-level governance approaches that have arisen to address these disturbances.
There has been a rise in multi-level, regional forms of environmental governance that cross
scales and involve stakeholders in resource management and community development
decisions. Scholars of community-based natural resource management and resilience have
argued that devolution affords local empowerment, and that multi-level governance can
ensure a “fit” between complex ecosystems and institutions. In contrast, political ecologists
and human geographers have expressed concern that such arrangements are manifestations of
the withdrawal of the state from public lands management.
I use two in-depth, qualitative case studies of multi-level governance efforts in Interior British
Columbia and central Oregon to analyze how such arrangements work, and who benefits and
has power under their auspices. In particular, I focus on 11 social dimensions of multi-level
governance that were accessible through qualitative means. I asked how the historical and
local dynamics of communities of place and interest in each case study affected these
dimensions and therefore the functioning of multi-level governance.
I contend that multi-level governance is a useful model for governance through change and
challenge, because the impacts of these complex disturbances cut across many stakes and
kinds of forest-community relationships. I found that while it is the experience of present and
fear of future crises that create the opportunity for response, it is the past that frequently
affects exactly how that governance will function. The histories of land use and relationships
in specific places have been fundamental to the stakes that different participants in multi-level
governance bring to the table. My analysis revealed that historical experiences make five of
my proposed social dimensions the most influential in the working of multi-level governance:
framing, access, memory, identity, and learning. In sum, this research asserts that historical,
local, and social dynamics are significant determinants of how equitable a multi-level
governance organization may be, and who it represents and benefits.
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Nasralla, Zaid. "Disaster resilient optical core networks". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18725/.
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During the past few years, the number of catastrophic disasters has increased and its impact sometimes incapacitates the infrastructures within a region. The communication network infrastructure is one of the affected systems during these events. Thus, building a resilient network backbone is essential due to the big role of networks during disaster recovery operations. In this thesis, the research efforts in building a disaster-resilient network are reviewed and open issues related to building disaster-resilient networks are discussed. Large size disasters not necessarily impact the communication networks, but instead it can stimulate events that cause network performance degradation. In this regard, two open challenges that arise after disasters are considered one is the short-term capacity exhaustion and the second is the power outage. First, the post-disaster traffic floods phenomena is considered. The impact of the traffic floods on the optical core network performance is studied. Five mitigation approaches are proposed to serve these floods and minimise the incurred blocking. The proposed approaches explore different technologies such as excess or overprovisioned capacity exploitation, traffic filtering, protection paths rerouting, rerouting all traffic and finally using the degrees of freedom offered by differentiated services. The mitigation approaches succeeded in reducing the disaster induced traffic blocking. Second, advance reservation provisioning in an energy-efficient approach is developed. Four scenarios are considered to minimise power consumption. The scenarios exploit the flexibility provided by the sliding-window advance reservation requests. This flexibility is studied through scheduling and rescheduling scenarios. The proposed scenarios succeeded in minimising the consumed power. Third, the sliding-window flexibility is exploited for the objective of minimising network blocking during post-disaster traffic floods. The scheduling and rescheduling scenarios are extended to overcome the capacity exhaustion and improve the network blocking. The proposed schemes minimised the incurred blocking during traffic floods by exploiting sliding window. Fourth, building blackout resilient networks is proposed. The network performance during power outages is evaluated. A remedy approach is suggested for maximising network lifetime during blackouts. The approach attempts to reduce the required backup power supply while minimising network outages due to limited energy production. The results show that the mitigation approach succeeds in keeping the network alive during a blackout while minimising the required backup power.
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Ma, Rui. "Error resilient multiple description coding". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86757.
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In order to combat channel failures in data communications, multiple description coding (MDC) produces two or more equally important bitstreams or descriptions, and transmits them independently over erasure channels. If only one description is correctly received, a coarse copy of the source is obtained. The more descriptions correctly received, the finer the accomplished quality. When all descriptions are correctly received, the transmitted signal can be completely reconstructed.In this work, we apply MDC to accommodate multimedia transmissions over hybrid wireline-wireless networks, which require low delay and high robustness against both packet losses and bit errors. In addition to the classical MDC channel model, i.e., on/off channels, we study channels that are also suffering from bit errors. Based on this channel model, we design what we call ERMDC or error resilient multiple description coding.
The proposed ERMDC encoder maximizes the Hamming distance between used codewords in MDC, so as to make as many errors as possible detectable at the decoder. In order to reduce the reconstruction distortion, the proposed ERMDC decoder can detect binary transmission errors and estimates their output values in two means: (i) one is MSE-optimal, but requires information about channel conditions; (ii) the other is suboptimal, but does not require channel conditions. The ERMDC achieves graceful performance degradation associated with BERs, and outperforms classic MDC when meeting with both packet losses and bit errors.
In order to avoid long time of design optimization, simplified index assignment (IA) algorithm for easy ERMDC encoder design is developed. This algorithm obtains ``close-to-optimal'' solutions as well as low computational complexity. Furthermore, this IA algorithm can be extended to embedded coding in progressive transmissions.
Moreover, we study performance of the ERMDC over Rayleigh fading channels by utilizing modulated signals as inputs. We also discuss usages of the ERMDC and its system-level performance over channels with both packet losses and bit errors. Experimental results show that, in general, the ERMDC system outperforms classic MDC systems.
Le codage à descriptions multiples (MDC) vise à combattre les effets néfastes des défaillances du canal de transmission; à cette fin, il produit deux (ou plusieurs) flux binaires ou descriptions d'égale importance, qui sont ensuite transmis indépendamment sur des canaux à effacement. Si seulement une des descriptions est reçue correctement, une copie grossière de la source est alors obtenue. Plus le nombre de descriptions reçues correctement augmente, plus la qualité de reproduction augmente. Lorsque toutes les descriptions sont reçues correctement, le signal transmis peut être reconstruit complètement. Dans le présent travail, nous appliquons le MDC au cas de la transmission de multimédia sur des canaux hybrides filaire/sans-fil, qui requiert d'atteindre un délai faible et une grande robustesse vis-à-vis des pertes de paquets et des erreurs binaires. Au-delà du modèle classique de canal MDC (de type « on/off »), nous étudions des canaux qui créent des erreurs individuelles sur les bits transmis. En se basant sur ce modèle de canal, nous concevons ce que nous appelons ERMDC, pour codage à descriptions multiples résistant aux erreurs. Le codeur ERMDC proposé ici maximise la distance de Hamming entre les mots-codes du MDC, de manière à permettre au décodeur de détecter autant d'erreurs que possible. Afin de réduire la distorsion à la reconstruction, le décodeur ERMDC proposé ici a la capacité de détecter les erreurs de transmission binaires, et peut estimer les échantillons à reconstruire de deux façons : (i) l'une est optimale au sens de la distorsion quadratique moyenne, mais requiert la connaissance d'informations à propos de l'état du canal; (ii) l'autre est sous-optimale, mais ne nécessite pas cette connaissance. Le système ERMDC permet d'obtenir une dégradation graduelle de performance en fonction du taux d'erreur binaire (BER), et offre des performances supérieures au MDC classique dans le cas où les pertes de
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Rudin, Robert (Robert Samuel). "Making medical records more resilient". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41567.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-77).
Hurricane Katrina showed that the current methods for handling medical records are minimally resilient to large scale disasters. This research presents a preliminary model for measuring the resilience of medical records systems against public policy goals and uses the model to illuminate the current state of medical record resilience. From this analysis, three recommendations for how to make medical records more resilient are presented. The recommendations are: 1) Federal and state governments should use the preliminary resilience model introduced here as the basis for compliance requirements for electronic medical record technical architectures. 2) Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs) should consider offering services in disaster management to healthcare organizations. This will help RHIOs create sustainable business models. 3) Storage companies should consider developing distributed storage solutions based on Distributed Hash Table (DHT) technology for medical record storage. Distributed storage would alleviate public concerns over privacy with centralized storage of medical records. Empirical evidence is presented demonstrating the performance of DHT technology using a prototype medical record system.
by Robert Rudin.
S.M.
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Sae, Lor S. "Resilient routing in the internet". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/801155/.
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Although it is widely known that the Internet is not prone to random failures, unplanned failures due to attacks can be very damaging. This prevents many organisations from deploying beneficial operations through the Internet. In general, the data is delivered from a source to a destination via a series of routers (i.e routing path). These routers employ routing protocols to compute best paths based on routing information they possess. However, when a failure occurs, the routers must re-construct their routing tables, which may take several seconds to complete. Evidently, most losses occur during this period. IP Fast Re-Route (IPFRR), Multi-Topology (MT) routing, and overlays are examples of solutions proposed to handle network failures. These techniques alleviate the packet losses to different extents, yet none have provided optimal solutions. This thesis focuses on identifying the fundamental routing problem due to convergence process. It describes the mechanisms of each existing technique as well as its pros and cons. Furthermore, it presents new techniques for fast re-routing as follows. Enhanced Loop-Free Alternates (E-LFAs) increase the repair coverage of the existing techniques, Loop-Free Alternates (LFAs). In addition, two techniques namely, Full Fast Failure Recovery (F3R) and fast re-route using Alternate Next Hop Counters (ANHC), offer full protection against any single link failures. Nevertheless, the former technique requires significantly higher computational overheads and incurs longer backup routes. Both techniques are proved to be complete and correct while ANHC neither requires any major modifications to the traditional routing paradigm nor incurs significant overheads. Furthermore, in the presence of failures, ANHC does not jeopardise other operable parts of the network. As emerging applications require higher reliability, multiple failures scenarios cannot be ignored. Most existing fast re-route techniques are able to handle only single or dual failures cases. This thesis provides an insight on a novel approach known as Packet Re-cycling (PR), which is capable of handling any number of failures in an oriented network. That is, packets can be forwarded successfully as long as a path between a source and a destination is available. Since the Internet-based services and applications continue to advance, improving the network resilience will be a challenging research topic for the decades to come.
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Fass, Michael John. "A resilient practice of ministry". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683015.
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Dereboylu, Ziya. "Error resilient scalable video coding". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582748.
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Video compression is necessary for effective coding of video data so that the data can be stored or transmitted more efficiently. In video compression, the more redundant data are discarded, the higher compression ratios will be achievable. This causes the contents of a compressed bitstream to be highly dependent on each other. In video communications, the compressed bitstream is ,subject to losses and errors due to the nature of the transmission medium. Since the contents of the compressed bitstream are highly dependent on each other, when a loss or an error occurs this leads to propagation of the error, which causes deterioration of the decoded video quality. Error resilience plays an important role / in decreasing the quality degradation caused by losses arid errors. Error resilience methods can either take place in the encoder side as a coding technique which decreases the effects of errors on the coded bitstream or in the decoder side as a technique which conceals the detected errors or losses. Error concealment which takes place in decoder side and redundant slice coding which takes place in encoder side are investigated throughout the thesis. The first part of the thesis investigates efficient error concealment techniques for Scalable Video Coding (SVC). These include the utilisation of higher Temporal Level picture motion information and the utilisation of "Bridge Pictures" which will be described in later chapters, for error concealment. The second part of the thesis investigates redundant slice coding for SVc. Single Block per Macroblock and Zero Residual redundant slice coding schemes are proposed and tested in this part of the thesis. In addition to these, an adaptive redundant slice allocation scheme is also proposed and tested. The last part of the thesis investigates error resilient coding techniques for multi-view 3D video. Multi-view 3D video compression is achieved using the SVC CoDec by coding one of the views as the Base Layer and the other views as the Enhancement Layers utilising the adaptive inter-layer prediction mechanism of the SVc.
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Stokes, Alan Barry. "Resilient sensor network query processing". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/resilient-sensor-network-query-processing(208a729a-5d48-47a9-b1f5-3d156932e197).html.
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Sensor networks comprise of a collection of resource-constrained, low cost, sometimes fragile wireless motes which have the capability to gather information about their surroundings through the use of sensors, and can be conceived as a distributed computing platform for applications ranging from event detection to environmental monitoring. A Sensor Network Query Processor (SNQP) is a means of collecting data from sensor networks where the requirements are defined using a declarative query language with a set of Quality of Service (QoS) expectations. As sensor networks are often deployed in hostile environments, there is a high possibility that the motes could break or that the communication links between the motes become unreliable. SNQP Query Execution Plans (QEPs) are often optimised for a specific network deployment and are designed to be as energy efficient as possible whilst ensuring the QEPs meet the QoS expectations, yet little has been done for handling the situation where the deployment itself has changed since the optimisation in such a way as to make the original QEP no longer efficient, or unable to operate. In this respect, the previous work on SNQPs has not aimed at being resilient to failures in the assumptions used at compilation/optimisation time which result in a QEP terminating earlier than expected. This dissertation presents a collection of approaches that embed resilience into a SNQP generated QEPs in such a way that a QEP operates for longer whilst still meeting the QoS expectations demanded of it, thereby resulting in a more reliable platform that can be applicable to a broader range of applications. The research contributions reported here include (a) a strategy designed to adapt to predictable node failures due to energy depletion; (b) a collection of strategies designed to adapt to unpredictable node failures; (c) a strategy designed to handle unreliable communication channels; and (d) an empirical evaluation to show the benefits of a resilient SNQP in relation to a representative non-resilient SNQP.
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Almoualem, Firas, i Firas Almoualem. "SDR - Based Resilient Wireless Communications". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625342.
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As the use of wireless technologies increases significantly due to the ease of deployment, the cost-effectiveness and the increase in bandwidth, there is a strong need to make the wireless communications reliable, secure, and resilient to attacks or faults (malicious or natural). Wireless communications are inherently prone to attacks due the open access to the medium. However, current wireless protocols have addressed the privacy issues, but have failed to provide effective solutions against denial of service attacks, session hijacking and jamming attacks. The goal of this research is to provide a resilient wireless communication system against these type of attacks.
In this thesis, we present a resilient wireless communications architecture based on Moving Target Defense (MTD), Software Defined Radio (SDR), and Software Defined Networking (SDN). The approach achieves the resilient operations by randomly changing the runtime characteristics of the wireless communication channels in order to make it extremely difficult to be succeeded in launching attacks. The runtime characteristics that can be changed include the packet size, the network address, the modulation type, and the operating frequency of the channel. In addition, the lifespan for each configuration will be random. To reduce the overhead in switching between two consecutive configurations, we use two radio channels, one is designated as an active channel while the second is designated as a standby channel. The standby channel is used if the attacker was successfully in attacking the active channel. This will harden the wireless communications attacks because the attackers need to figure out the configuration being used and then launch an attack before the current configuration is changed. Our experimental results and evaluation show that our approach can tolerate a wide range of attacks against wireless networks.
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Fargo, Farah Emad. "Resilient Cloud Computing and Services". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347137.
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Cloud Computing is emerging as a new paradigm that aims at delivering computing as a utility. For the cloud computing paradigm to be fully adopted and effectively used it is critical that the security mechanisms are robust and resilient to malicious faults and attacks. Securing cloud is a challenging research problem because it suffers from current cybersecurity problems in computer networks and data centers and additional complexity introduced by virtualizations, multi-tenant occupancy, remote storage, and cloud management. It is widely accepted that we cannot build software and computing systems that are free from vulnerabilities and that cannot be penetrated or attacked. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that cyber resilient techniques are the most promising solutions to mitigate cyberattacks and change the game to advantage defender over attacker. Moving Target Defense (MTD) has been proposed as a mechanism to make it extremely challenging for an attacker to exploit existing vulnerabilities by varying different aspects of the execution environment. By continuously changing the environment (e.g. Programming language, Operating System, etc.) we can reduce the attack surface and consequently, the attackers will have very limited time to figure out current execution environment and vulnerabilities to be exploited. In this dissertation, we present a methodology to develop an Autonomic Resilient Cloud Management (ARCM) based on MTD and autonomic computing. The proposed research will utilize the following capabilities: Software Behavior Obfuscation (SBO), replication, diversity, and Autonomic Management (AM). SBO employs spatiotemporal behavior hiding or encryption and MTD to make software components change their implementation versions and resources randomly to avoid exploitations and penetrations. Diversity and random execution is achieved by using AM that will randomly "hot" shuffling multiple functionally-equivalent, behaviorally-different software versions at runtime (e.g., the software task can have multiple versions implemented in a different language and/or run on a different platform). The execution environment encryption will make it extremely difficult for an attack to disrupt normal operations of cloud. In this work, we evaluated the performance overhead and effectiveness of the proposed ARCM approach to secure and protect a wide range of cloud applications such as MapReduce and scientific and engineering applications.
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Stephenson, Megan. "The Resilient Unknown: An Analysis of How Communicative Resilience is Built among Refugee Populations". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535467471875586.
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Mampane, Motlalepule Ruth. "The identification of resilient and non-resilient middle-adolescent learners in a South African Township school". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02042005-120226.
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Merson, Erica Shawn. "Adoptive Parents at risk or resilient /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9235.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.Thesis research directed by: Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Ahmed, Adnan, i Syed Shahram Hussain. "Meta-Model of Resilient information System". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för för interaktion och systemdesign, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5130.
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The role of information systems has become very important in today’s world. It is not only the business organizations who use information systems but the governments also posses’ very critical information systems. The need is to make information systems available at all times under any situation. Information systems must have the capabilities to resist against the dangers to its services,performance & existence, and recover to its normal working state with the available resources in catastrophic situations. The information systems with such a capability can be called resilient information systems. This thesis is written to define resilient information systems, suggest its meta-model and to explain how existing technologies can be utilized for the development of resilient information system.
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Cuffaro, Maria Assunta. "Resilient characteristics in high achieving women". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq36679.pdf.
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Sankerdial, Roger. "Developing a resilient green cellular network". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39006.
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CHDS State/LocalAs technology drives society to a ubiquitously wireless world, the paradox of mobile wireless network accessibility versus resilience is disturbingly trending in opposite directions. The demand for cellular networks with greater capacity and bandwidth appears to be the primary factor in expanding coverage nationwide, with resilience becoming a secondary thought. It is expected that resilient systems will be able to withstand shocks and stresses from critical incidents and still be able to function as intentionally designed. However, the fragility of cellular networks affected by recent disasters within the last ten years has demonstrated otherwise. The purpose of this research is to direct attention to the importance of cellular base station functionality during power outages and illustrate how these assets require modification to provide critical communications for the public to summon aid, and first responders to coordinate response efforts. Prior research offers strategies to implement post-disaster remediation supplanting failed localized communication infrastructure. This mitigating strategy requires substantial time, labor, and planning to deploy that subsequently detracts from conducting immediate response and recovery. This research is intended to propose a path forward for resiliency in U.S. mobile cellular networks using renewable/alternative energy outlined in Indias National Telecom Policy for 2012.
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Connett, Brian. "Resilient and fractionated cyber physical system". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43894.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedReliance on aging monolithic overhead physical systems with assurance of resilience is an ongoing critical discussion. The White House has issued a strategy to evolve this system of systems technology to meet growing information and knowledge needs. Fractionated Space Cyber Physical Systems is part of a novel concept emerging from a field of hyperconnected networks designed to withstand risk and address aforementioned needs. The transition from a monolithic design into alternative resilient designs will better reflect the utility of a system to the commander. Resilience is a characteristic meant to assure performance even within a higher probability of risk. Resilience encourages availability regardless of the perceived threat in the increasingly dynamic environment. Traditional systems incorporate the sub-systems required to deliver the common operational picture. Reduction of those integrated sub-systems is unacceptable; therefore, introducing a decentralized architecture is going to carry with it the requirement of a seamless interaction despite being separated. Decentralization is a design process that allows a constellation capability to seek more nodes than what would be normally available when residing in the same payload. This is a measure of design success that enhances the evaluation of a system’s capability and its ability to survive risk, its resilience.
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Zhang, Sizhuo. "WMM : a resilient Weak Memory Model". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103667.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 61-65).
A good memory model should have a precise definition that can be understood by any computer architect readily. It should also be resilient in the sense that it should not break when new microarchitecture optimizations are introduced to improve single-threaded performance. We introduce WMM, a new weak memory model, which meets these criteria. WMM permits all load-store reorderings except a store is not allowed to overtake a load. WMM also permits both memory dependency speculation and load-value prediction. We define the operational semantics of WMM using a novel conceptual device called invalidation buffer, which achieves the effect of out-of-order instruction execution even when instructions are executed in-order and one-at-a-time. We show via examples where memory fences need to be inserted for different programming paradigms. We highlight the differences between WMM and other weak memory models including Release Consistency and Power. Our preliminary performance evaluation using the SPLASH benchmarks shows that WMM implementation performs significantly better than the aggressive implementations of SC. WMM holds the promise to be a vendor-independent stable memory model which will not stifle microarchitectural innovations.
by Sizhuo Zhang.
S.M.
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Kazmi, Nayyar A. "Multipath selection for resilient network routing". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58426/.
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In this dissertation we study the routing problem for multi-commodity survivable network ows, with splittable demands, and propose end-to-end path-based solutions where maximum link utilization is minimized, in order to improve resilience in existing telecommunication networks. We develop mixed integer programming models, and demonstrate that, when the selection of disjoint paths is part of the optimization problem (rather than when k-shortest paths are pre-selected, as in earlier works), maximum link utilization is reduced and the overall network also balances out. We find that three paths are usually enough to reap the benefits of a multipath approach. A reduction in maximum link utilization also provides a margin by which demand values can grow without causing congestion. We also prove that the disjoint multipath selection problem is NPcomplete, even for the case of one node-pair. This warrants a recourse to effi- cient solution methods within ILP (such as decomposition), and to matheuristics. Our literature survey of applications of heuristic techniques, and those combining heuristics with exact methods, shows a research gap, which we attempt to bridge through a novel heuristic algorithm. The heuristic works well and, in several cases, yields better solutions than ILP (in a given time limit), or provides solutions for problems where ILP could not even find one valid solution in the given time limit. We also study this problem within a decomposition methods framework: i.e., column generation. The pricing sub-problem is a mixed non-linear programme, for which we propose an ILP formulation. We find some lower bounds for missing dual values and use them as surrogates. We then show that the lower bounds are valid and present examples where the proposed pricing is applied to path generation for self-protecting multipath routing.
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Yuan, Chen. "RESILIENT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS WITH COMMUNITY MICROGRIDS". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480478081556766.
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Edgar, Perez. "Developing a Resilient Network Ambidexterity Scale". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch152615319318394.
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Wears, Robert L. "Exploring the Dynamics of Resilient Performance". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0059.
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Un thème récurrent dans les études sur la résilience est la nécessité de nouvelles méthodes de représenter les propriétés du système qui se concentrent sur les qualités dynamiques plutôt que statiques. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des modèles qui aperçu de soutien dans la dynamique du fonctionnement des systèmes résilients (et les gens entre eux) de gérer des situations instables. Il se concentre sur un enjeu spécifique, mais commune (surcharge), et sur les stratégies utilisées pour y faire face; en particulier, une stratégie spécifique, l'arrêt temporaire, afin de récupérer la marge de manoeuvre. La thèse commence par une explication de l'étude de cas de surcharge de motivation sans exemple dans un service hospitalier d'urgence, conduisant à un effondrement sans précédent du système. Il analyse ensuite des cas similaires dans différentes configurations de prétendre qu'il ya des isomorphismes dans les stratégies et les adaptations aux différents niveaux et entre les domaines. Enfin, il développe un modèle de système dynamique d'un système général de travail en cas de surcharge, et l'utilise pour explorer les origines de la crise de surcharge, et l'utilité de la stratégie de l'arrêt temporaire de sa gestion. Elle montre qu'un indicateur avancé d'une crise imminente est l'impossibilité de recouvrer intégralement pendant les périodes normalement lent. Il montre également que l'arrêt est une stratégie risquée, et qu'il est facile pour les acteurs à apprendre les mauvaises leçons de leurs expériences. Ces résultats peuvent informer des moyens pratiques d'anticiper et d'atténuer les conséquences de la surcharge en milieu hospitalier et ailleursA recurring theme in studies of resilience is the need for new methods of representing system properties that focus on dynamic rather than static qualities. The goal of this thesis is to develop models that support insight into the dynamics of how resilient systems (and the people in them) manage unstable situations. It focuses on a specific but common challenge (overload), and on the strategies used to cope with it; particularly, a specific strategy, temporary stopping, in order to recover margin for maneuver. The thesis begins by an explication of the motivating case study of unexampled overload in a hospital emergency department, leading to an unprecedented system collapse. It then analyses similar cases from different settings to argue that there are isomorphisms in strategies and adaptations across levels and across domains. Finally, it develops a system dynamics model of a general work system under overload, and uses it to explore the origins of the overload crisis, and the utility of the temporary stopping strategy in managing it. It shows that a leading indicator of an impending crisis is the failure to recover fully during normally slow periods. It also shows that stopping is a potentially risky strategy, and that it is easy for actors to learn the wrong lessons from their experiences. These results can inform practical ways of anticipating and mitigating the consequences of overload in hospital settings and elsewhere
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Majeed, Adnan. "TARMAC timing analysis resilient MAC protocol /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Jung, Donghwi. "Robust and Resilient Water Distribution Systems". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311454.
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The purpose of a water distribution system (WDS) is to deliver the required amount of water to the customer under the desired pressure and quality. However, demand change and component failure result in low pressures at customer taps and make it difficult to achieve the goal. To mitigate the impact of the disturbances, system performance measure such as robustness and resilience can be considered in the WDS design and operation. Robustness is generally defined as an ability of the systems to maintain its function under a defined set of disturbance. On the other hand, Resilience is a system's ability to prepare and recover from a failure. The goal of this dissertation is to develop methodologies to enhance WDS robustness and resilience. In robustness-based design, reliability has been considered. Reliability is generally defined as the system's ability to provide an adequate service to customers under uncertain system condition and measured by the probability that stochastic nodal pressures are greater than or equal to a prescribed minimum pressure. However, although improving reliability will improve system robustness, the question is how the reliability index will improve system robustness. Robustness incorporates the variation of system performance; an additional aspect of system performance that reliability does not encompass. Pipe bursts are the most common failure in WDS. Therefore, promptly detecting and locating bursts will decrease the failure duration and increase system resilience. While many burst detection methods are available, identifying the method with the highest detectability is important to system owners/operators. However, to date, no cross comparisons of these methods have been completed for burst detection using a common data set. In addition, most traditional burst detection methods do not have a mechanism to include system operational changes. This dissertation is composed of three journal manuscripts that address these three key issues on WDS robustness and resilience. For WDS robustness improvement, a new robustness index is developed and used for multi-objective robustness-based design. The robustness-based design is compared to conventional reliability-based design. For WDS resilience improvement, the best method among six Statistical Process Control (SPC) methods is identified in terms of detection effectiveness and efficiency. Finally, a burst detection method applicable under system operational condition change is posed.
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Fonkwe, Fongang Edwin. "Towards resilient plug-and-play microgrids". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122685.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-164).
Microgrids have the potential to increase renewable energy penetration, reduce costs, and improve reliability of the electric grid. However, today's microgrids are unreliable, lack true modularity, and operate with rudimentary control systems. This thesis research makes contributions in the areas of microgrid modeling and simulation; microgrid testing and model validation; and advanced control design and tools in microgrids. These contributions are a step toward design, commissioning, and operation of resilient plug-and-play (pnp) microgrids, which will pave the way towards a more sustainable and electric energy abundant future for all.
"Facebook Inc. funded a portion of my PhD trajectory (2017 - 2019) by way of a Research Fellowship"
by Edwin Fonkwe Fongang.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Mascarenhas, Nina(Nina Theresa). "Collaborative governance in regional climate resilience planning : a case study of the Resilient Mystic Collaborative". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128969.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-53).
by Nina Mascarenhas.
M.C.P.
M.C.P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Farag, Mohamed S. "Development of Resilient Safety-Critical Systems in Healthcare Using Interdependency Analysis and Resilience Design Patterns". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10981524.
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In the U.S. medical sector, software failures in safety-critical systems in healthcare have led to serious adverse health problems, including patient deaths and recalls of medical systems. Despite the efforts in developing techniques to build resilient systems, there is a lack of consensus regarding the definition of resilience metrics and a limited number of quantitative analysis approaches. In addition, there is insufficient guidance on evaluating resilience design patterns and the value they can bring to safety-critical systems.
This research employed the interdependency analysis framework to evaluate the static resilience of safety-critical systems used in the healthcare field and identified software subsystems that are vulnerable to failures. Resilience design patterns were first implemented to these subsystems to improve their ability to withstand failures. This implementation was followed by an evaluation to determine the overall impacts on system’s static resilience.
The methodology used a common medical system structure that collects common attributes from various medical devices and reflects major functionalities offered by multiple medical systems. Fault tree analysis and Bayesian analysis were used to evaluate the static resilience aspects of medical safety-critical systems, and two design patterns were evaluated within the praxis context: Monitoring and N-modular redundancy resilience patterns.
The results ultimately showed that resilience design patterns improve the static resilience of safety-critical systems significantly. While this research suggests the importance of resilience design patterns, this study was limited to explore the impact of structural resilience patterns on static resilience. Thus, to evaluate the overall resilience of the system, more research is needed to evaluate dynamic resilience in addition to studying the impact of different types of resilience design patterns.
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Garg, Arun. "Quantifying resilient safety culture using complex network theory". Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/411532.
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Safety is defined as the absence of accidents where accident is an event which lead to unacceptable loss. Previously, most systems employed conventional risk management systems to deal with risks which was based on knowledge of previous experiences, failure reporting and risk assessments by computing historic data. But today, these are traced to organizational factors, functional performance variability and unexpected outcomes or it can be pointed towards systems thinking. Resilience engineering is recognized as other alternative to traditional approaches in safety management. The idea behind resilience engineering is that an organization must continually manage risks and create an anticipating, monitoring, responding and learning culture. This is resilient safety culture. Resilient safety culture is a new concept which has been proposed in order to cover the weaknesses of traditional approaches of safety culture. It is a safety culture with resilience, learning, continuous improvements and cost effectiveness. This resilience takes into consideration the dynamic aspect of the safety culture which makes it resilient to any risks which a safety system faces. The main drawback is the dynamic aspect of the culture is not taken into consideration which is the interaction between people, technology and administration. These interactions are quite complex in nature and difficult to understand and quantify. That is why this study investigates the understanding of these interactions using complex network theory. Once these interactions are understood to some extent, the prediction and prevention of incidents can be done to some extent.
There are four different kinds of indicators in the system. Two are system performance indicators, leading and lagging and the other two are the risk indicators that as well leading and lagging. The system performance indicators are indicators which show how the system is performing either in current state which is leading and the system performance indicator which is lagging is gauged by efficiency of the system after a time such as injury rate. Risk indicators leading is found by understanding the various risks which are prevalent in the system and lagging risk indicators are the indicators which led to an accident in previous time frame. Since the system is dynamic, it needs to be understood that these indicators have a time value attached to it. If there is an accident which happened due to some lagging risk indicator, that is in previous time frame, that may have already changed by the time the accidents happened so safety-1 concept which looked at just lagging indicators to dictate the future evaluations of the organization need to be modified and thus resilient safety culture methodology is getting evolved using resilience engineering.
Using fault tree analysis, the interactions of various components in a safety system can be understood. Resilient safety culture is treated as a system and it has three sub systems. The sub system further has factors which are important relationships to understand the whole system. These relations between the factors and subsystem are used to measure the resilience of the whole system. This is an innovative quantifying way in which we can improve the resilience in safety culture of an organization.
In this study, the qualitative variables defined using the literature are correlated using qualitative as well as quantitative approaches. In the qualitative approach, Leximancer tool is used which model the variables using the literature data. Next, the resilient safety culture model is generated and then fault tree analysis is used to decipher the complex interactions which can help understand which relationships can lead to incident. This study would generate a tool which would help organizations look at the weak links and nodes in their organization to better equip and enhance resources to make the organization more resilient against any safety risks. Multiple case studies are done to validate this model and to show how the whole process is done to understand a way to reduce and mitigate risks. Resilience index is generated which helps in finding which constructs are lagging or weak in giving that index number and the index can be used to compare to companies or organizations irrespective of the number of respondents or the type of indicators which are used. It also helps in reducing the linguistic bias.
The findings of this study show that in resilient safety culture model, which components should be focussed first and how the components of resilient safety culture model are related with each other. This helps in optimization of the components or subcomponents to get the maximum resilience in an organization. It is also found that weak areas in an organization can be successfully deciphered using the fault tree analysis approach along with visualization of failure paths.
This resilience safety culture model generated along with the methodology adopted in this study can help the industry to making right decisions in enhancing the resilience of the organizations with minimum intervention. It can help the industry find the weak areas where the intervention is needed. It can also give leading indicators which can cause future incidents.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Hertzberg, Benjamin Joseph. "Design of resilient silicon-carbon nanocomposite anodes". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42882.
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Si-based anodes have recently received considerable attention for use in Li-ion batteries, due to their extremely high specific capacity - an order of magnitude beyond that offered by conventional graphite anode materials. However, during the lithiation process, Si-based anodes undergo extreme increases in volume, potentially by more than 300 %. The stresses produced within the electrode by these volume changes can damage the electrode binder, the active Si particles and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), causing the electrode to rapidly fail and lose capacity. These problems can be overcome by producing new anode materials incorporating both Si and C, which may offer a favorable combination of the best properties of both materials, and which can be designed with internal porosity, thereby buffering the high strains produced during battery charge and discharge with minimal overall volume changes.
However, in order to develop useful anode materials, we must gain a thorough understanding of the structural, microstructural and chemical changes occurring within the electrode during the lithiation and delithiation process, and we must develop new processes for synthesizing composite anode particles which can survive the extreme strains produced during lithium intercalation of Si and exhibit no volume changes in spite of the volume changes in Si. In this work we have developed several novel synthesis processes for producing internally porous Si-C nanocomposite anode materials for Li-ion batteries. These nanocomposites possess excellent specific capacity, Coulombic efficiency, cycle lifetime, and rate capability. We have also investigated the influence of a range of different parameters on the electrochemical performance of these materials, including pore size and shape, carbon and silicon film thickness and microstructure, and binder chemistry.