Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Réseaux photoniques”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Réseaux photoniques”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Jafari, Omid. "Transmetteurs photoniques sur silicium pour la prochaine génération de réseaux optiques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69491.
Guida, Geraldine. "Contribution à l'étude électromagnétique des réseaux lacunaires et des cristaux photoniques métalliques". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30020.
Gralak, Boris. "Etude théorique et numérique des propriétés des structures à bandes interdites photoniques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30032.
This work is centered on the theoretical and numerical study of the photonic crystals properties. We consider, in an increasing order of complexity, the cases of 1D, 2D and 3D structures. We pay a detailed attention on the dispersion relations of the Bloch modes of the crystal. This relation indeed contains a great number of informations, not only in the field in the crystal (on the energy propagation for example), but it also makes it possible to understand and predict how is carried out the coupling, at the borders of a limited crystal, between the interior field and the exterior field. The exploitation of these properties enable us to predict, then to simulate numerically, some situations in which the photonic crystals behave like mediums of optical index lower than that of the vacuum (ultra-refraction), even of negative optical index. It is shown for example that it is possible to design micro-lenses whose dimensions and focal distance are a few tens of wavelengths. We worked out a numerical method partcularly adapted to the woodpile photonic crystals
Collin, Stéphane. "Résonances photoniques dans les réseaux métalliques : théorie et application à la photodétection ultrarapide". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142103.
Nous avons mis en oeuvre un calcul original des courbes de dispersion complexes des réseaux métalliques, basé sur une méthode modale et un formalisme de matrice S. Le calcul des structures de bandes photoniques complexes et de la répartition spatiale du champ électromagnétique a permis de décrire précisément les résonances de surface horizontales et verticales, leurs conditions d'excitation ainsi que leurs durées de vie radiatives et non radiatives. Leurs propriétés de confinement et de transmission de la lumière dans des fentes très fines devant la longueur d'onde offrent de nouvelles possibilités en optoélectronique.
Nous proposons en particulier deux structures de type métal-semiconducteur-métal pour la photodétection ultrarapide, dans lesquelles le confinement de l'absorption permet de repousser le compromis habituel entre rendement et vitesse. La première structure est un réseau métal/semiconducteur dans lequel la lumière est absorbée entre les électrodes. La seconde structure permet une absorption efficace dans une fine couche sous le réseau métallique. Ces deux photodétecteurs, dont la distance inter-électrode est d'environ 100 nm, ont été fabriqués sur substrat de GaAs. Le bon accord des mesures de réflectivité et de photocourant avec la théorie a permis de valider cette approche, qui pourra notamment être appliquée aux longueurs d'onde des télécommunications.
Les dimensions mises en jeu rendent possibles des fréquences de coupure de plusieurs centaines de GHz, avec un rendement théorique de 75 % indépendamment de la polarisation de la lumière. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie à une nouvelle génération de photodétecteurs ultrarapides.
Collin, Stéphane. "Résonnances photoniques dans les réseaux métalliques : théorie et application à la photodétection ultrarapide". Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142103.
Sarrazin, Michaël. "Etude de propriétés optiques liées à la transmission de cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2012.
Fehrembach, Anne-Laure. "Réseaux résonnants à Bande Interdite Photonique, nouveaux filtres pour le D. W. D. M". Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30028.
Dense wavelength division multiplexing (D. W. D. M. ) significantly increases the optical telecommunication transmission rates. To separate the channels, narrow band spectral filters are necessary. Resonant gratings, composed with a grating engraved on a planar waveguide, are a potential solution. These structures support eigenmodes, which can be excited by a wave coming out of an optical fiber. The excitation creates a resonance peak in the reflected beam, for a given wavelength and incidence angle. In general, the peak does not exhibit the qualities required for the D. W. D. M. : at oblique incidence, the angular and spectral tolerances are weak, and the line shapes are polarization dependent. Combining photonic crystals concepts, a rigorous phenomenological theory, and a perturbative theory, we design a filter that meet all the conditions imposed by the D. W. D. M.
Dahdah, Jean. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de cavités photoniques en niobate de lithium : appliquation à la détection de gaz". Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2045.
In this thesis we show photonic crystal cavities can be exploited for sensing application, provided that theyare filled with a sensitive absorbent layer. A Lorentz dispersion model implementedin a 2D-FDTD code shoxw that the abbsorption of the layer can be exploited for enhancing the sensitivity of the sensor. We found that a variation of the refractive index of 10-7 leads to a variation of the transmittivity of 23% at the resonnance peak. Also, we will report the first study and realization of two types of tithium niobate photonic cavities (LiNbO3 PhCs). The choice of the LiNbO3 substrate is motived by its capability of combiningpiezoelectric, electro-optical, acousto-optical, non-linear optical properties, which offers the perspective of controlling the operating point of of photonic devices such as sensors. The cavities wre fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, on annealed proton exchange (APE) sttrip waveguide. Numerical analysis with plane wave expansion method (PWE) has been realized to define the lattice parameters of the studied structures. This study was followed by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations to extractthe transmission and reflexion spectra of the cavities. Experimental setup was mounted to characterize the PhCs cavities, wherethe incident light consists of a supercontiuum powerful white source. In addition, experimental near field measurements (SNOM) show the presence of resonnance mode at the defect region of the cavity
Bruckner, Jean-Baptiste. "Réseaux de diffraction et métamatériaux photoniques pour le contrôle de la lumière dans le visible et l’infrarouge". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4319.
Thanks to recent advances in nanofabrication, the realization of photonic structures was possible, allowing the control of light as an information vector or for energy harvesting. This PhD thesis adresses the studies carried out in collaboration with Thales Optronics on two demonstrators for the ANR NPOEM research project, whose objective is to fabricate photonic structures on flexible substrates by nanoimprint technology. The first demonstrator consists of an antireflective coating using resonance phenomena within biperiodic diffraction gratings. Conical structures with flat, rough or patterned tops were modeled by FDTD and RCWA, carried out in collaboration with the CEA Liten LTM and then characterized at the IM2NP institute. The antireflective performances obtained are remarkable (reflection coefficient lower than 2 % at normal incidence) and extend over a wide spectral range from the visible to the infrared region. The second demonstrator presents a low-pass type filtering function at optical and infrared frequencies. A study of several resonant structures such as metamaterials (metallic crosses, metal-dielectric-metal stack, metallic cones and perforated plates) showed singular propagation phenomena related to small dimensions (modes, surface waves and proximity coupling) and led to the completion of a large surface, flexible filter demonstrating the desired properties. The photonic components made during this thesis have applications in the stealth and thermal solar domains
Pialat, Elodie. "Le Micro-usinage de dispositifs polymères à bande interdite photonique par faisceau d'ions". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/221048f5-8cc4-493d-9156-e51b053adce6/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0010.pdf.
. The increase in the data transmission traffic imposes innovations. A solution considered is the Wavelenght Demultiplexing Method (WDM) Devices with photonic band gap lend themselves advantageously to the implementation of this technique, since they do not require any consumption of energy. Their manufacture in polymeric technology is the subject of this study. The first part of this work gives a progress report on the bands structures and on the electronic Valence Band Density Of State (VBDOS) of the organic materials use. The following part is devoted to comprehension of the physical phenomena related to the concept of crystal photonic, according to the models of : Yablonovitch and John. Then the theory of the plane waves expansion is developped and used to compute the photonic band gap structures. The 4th part is about the calculation and the manufacture of a focused ion beam machine, with a minimum beam diameter of 10nm, used to etch polymers. The last part exposes the conditions to etch 2D diffractive lattice in PMMA and CR39 according to the previously calculated dimensions
Guérin, Nicolas. "Etude théorique et numérique de la diffraction des réseaux bipérodiques en électromagnétisme : application aux cristaux photoniques et aux antennes directives compactes". Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30026.
We describe a theoretical and numerical study for the diffraction by biperiodic gratings of wires. We use an integral method based on the Harrington formalism. The development of a fast biperiodic Green's function allows us to reduce the unknowns to the first cell. We investigate then structures made of a source surrounded by a biperiodic metallic photonic crystal above a ground plane. The field diffracted by the source is expanded in a plane waves packet using FFT, then we solve a grating problem for each plane wave. Theses structures are employed to carry out directive compact antennas in the domain of microwave telecommunications (KU band). We investigate and compare two solutions : the first one is based on a Fabry-Perot like planar resonant cavity, the second solution uses the ultrarefractive properties of a metallic photonic crystal at the band edge (metamaterial). The results are confirmed by experiments in an anechoic chamber
Maktoobi, Sheler. "Couplage diffractif pour réseaux de neurones optiques". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD019.
Photonic networks with high performance can be considered as substrates for future computing systems. In comparison with electronics, photonic systems have substantial privileges, for instance the possibility of a fully parallel implementation of networks. Recently, neural networks have moved into the center of attention of the photonic community. One of the most important requirements for parallel large-scale photonic networks is to realize the connectivities. Diffraction is considered as a method to process the connections between the nodes (coupling) in optical neural networks. In the current thesis, we evaluate the scalability of a diffractive coupling in more details as follow:First, we begin with a general introductions for artificial intelligence, machine learning, artificial neural network and photonic neural networks. To establish a working neural network, learning rules are an essential part to optimize a configuration for obtaining a low error from the system, hence learning rules are introduced (Chapter 1). We investigate the fundamental concepts of diffractive coupling in our spatio-temporal reservoir. In that case, theory of diffraction is explained. We use an analytical scheme to provide the limits for the size of diffractive networks which is a part of our photonic neural network (Chapter 2). The concepts of diffractive coupling are investigated experimentally by two different experiments to confirm the analytical limits and to obtain maximum number of nodes which can be coupled in the photonic network (Chapter 3). Numerical simulations for such an experimental setup is modeled in two different schemes to obtain the maximum size of network numerically, which approaches a surface of 100 mm2 (Chapter 4). Finally, the complete photonic neural network is demonstrated. We design a spatially extended reservoir for 900 nodes. Consequently, our system generalizes the prediction for the chaotic Mackey–Glass sequence (Chapter 5)
Meng, Xianqin. "Conception et réalisation de cristaux photoniques et de réseaux de diffraction pour les cellules photovoltaïques silicium en couches ultra-minces". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752950.
Hassouani, Youssef El. "Contribution à l'étude des structures phononiques et photoniques unidimensionnelles périodiques et quasi-périodiques : super-réseaux solide-fluide et guides monomodes". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-215.pdf.
This thesis presents a contribution to the study of propagation and localization of acoustic and electromagnetic waves in one-dimensional phononic and photonic crystals. We are mainly interested in acoustic wave propagation in solid-fluid periodic multi-layered media and electromagnetic wave propagation in quasi-periodic monomode waveguides. Our goal was to propose new materials that exhibit large forbidden bands and to study the effect of the presence of inhomogeneities in these structures such as : a free surface, an interface with a homogeneous medium or a defect layer (cavity). These results are obtained using a detailed analytical calculation of the Green's functions which enabled us to determine the dispersion relations, local and total densities of states, transmission and reflection coefficients as weIl as the corresponding phase times. Ln the case of acoustic waves of sagittal polarization in solid-fluid superlattices, we highlighted the existence and the behaviour of the surface and interface modes; in particular we have shown a general ruIe on the existence of these modes. Also, we have shown that these systems can present omnidirectional band gaps where aIl incident angles are reflected (acoustic mirrors) as weIl as a selective transmission through defect and interface modes (acoustic filters). Ln the case of electromagnetic waves in quasi-periodic (Fibonacci) monomode waveguides constituted of coaxial cables, we highlighted sorne properties related to these systems such as: the self-similarity of the transmission spectrum with a scaling factor in the case of a single Fibonacci sequence. Also, it was shown that these systems can present in sorne regions of frequencies, subluminal and superluminal velocities. Ln the case of periodic Fibonacci sequences, we have shown some properties related to the allowed bands such as the fragmentation of the frequency spectra according to a power law as weIl as the existence of two types of surface modes. The surface and bulk modes in these Structures can exhibit particular behaviours related to multifractal systems. AIl these results are obtained from the measurement of the amplitude and the phase of the transmission coefficient through these photonic crystals when the latter are either inserted horizontally between two guides or placed vertically on a guide. The experimental and theoretical results are in~ood agreement
Sarrazin, Michael. "Etude de propriétés optiques liées à la transmission de cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002972.
Palavicini, Cham Carlos Alberto. "Analyse de composants photoniques par réflectométrie à faible cohérence sensible à la phase". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000751.
Pierre, Raphaël. "Propriétés effectives d'un cristal photonique. Extensions de la méthode des sources fictives. Application à l'étude du guidage de modes quasi-TEM uniformes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360840.
Le second volet est l'étude du guidage de modes quasi-TEM uniformes dans un guide métallique au moyen de parois structurées. Les structures sont des surfaces hard analysées grâce à la méthode modale tandis que les guides d'ondes associés le sont par une extension de la méthode des sources fictives. Cartes de champs et relations de dispersion révèlent le comportement des surfaces et guides envisagés.
Meng, Xianqin. "Design and fabrication of photonic crystals and diffraction gratings for ultra thin film Si solar cells". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780711.
Garidel, Sophie. "Fabrication de réseaux de Bragg particuliers par lithographie électronique : application à la réalisation de dispositifs photoniques et optoélectroniques sur matériaux de la filière InP". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-139.pdf.
Boutayeb, Halim. "Etude des structures périodiques planaires et conformes associées aux antennes. Application aux communications mobiles". Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133820.
Massenot, Sébastien. "Étude, modélisation et réalisation de composants diffractants : contribution à l'étude de matériaux accordables et application à l'enregistrement holographique de filtres résonants". Télécom Bretagne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELB0007.
This thesis is in keeping with the research activities of the optics department of the ENST Bretagne concerning optical information processing functions. This work is based on the study of 1D or 2D diffraction gratings realized holographically in order to obtain functions such as Bragg gratings or resonant optical filters. Suitable simulation tools are developed to determine the theoretical response of these structures: the rigorous coupled-wave theory and the differential method, which take the vector nature of light into account. Two holographic materials used for recording volume holograms are studied: Dupont photopolymers for which a diffusion model is established and H-PDLCs (Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals) which can be used to realize electrically switchable Bragg gratings. These studies concerning modelling and recording materials allow us to validate the principle of two resonant optical filters. The first filter is a 2D photonic crystal made of two orthogonal periodic structures. The filtering operation is due to the enhancement of the diffraction by the structure when the incident light is at the photonic band-edge. The second resonant filter is tunable and uses surface plasmon resonance phenomena occurring for metallic surface relief gratings, the tunability being provided by the PDLC material
Beugin, Vincent. "Étude de la photosensibilité dans les guides planaires et les fibres à cristal photonique". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Beugin.pdf.
Mohamad, Habib. "Développement de la méthode différentielle associée à la Fast Fourier Factorization pour la photonique : étude de réseaux diffractifs complexes et modélisation de structures en optique intégrée". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT032.
Nowadays to design photonic devices, it is important to have reliable and efficient simulation tools. In fact, if exploiting the technological grids of the design parameters is considered possible for the simple devices, its cost in terms of number of tests becomes an obstacle to the optimization of the structures. Therefore, it is essential to develop fully vectorial simulations, with complex or/and real refractive indices materials, to guarantee that all the propagation modes (guided, radiated and evanescent modes) are taken into account. The simulations of the structures with high contrast refractive index (Silicon photonics for example) or structures using metallic layer and generating plasmonic modes or sub-wavelength structures like metamaterials are a set of examples that requires the use of these tools. These methods can be differentiated by their used calculation algorithm: calculation in the frequency domain by finite differences or finite elements, Fourier based methods, or calculation in the temporal domain with the finite difference method... For example, the FDTD has become in the recent years a reference tool in the domain of silicon photonics. However, almost all these methods are not necessarily optimal. They can be distinguishable by the required numerical resources, particularly in terms of the used memory, the execution time, the take into account of the boundary conditions, the discretization of the structure, or their workspace domain (spectral or spatial) ... Over the last fifteen years, the group involved with the development of electromagnetic tools in the laboratory (IMEP-Lahc), headed towards the development of RCWA based numerical tools to simulate and design the optical response of diffractive and guided optic structures. However, this last method as the FDTD can generate approximations inducing inaccuracies or an increase in the numerical resources used for certain configurations (memory, execution time...). The objective of this thesis is to develop a more general tool aiming to reduce these imperfections while retaining the possibility of using it on a multitude of photonics applications (diffractive optics, guided optics, etc.). My choice fell on the differential method which is widely used for the study of diffraction gratings. This method can be more efficient than the RCWA but it also has limitations especially for the simulation of periodic structures with complex profile in TM polarization. Since the 2000s, the association of a new module called FFF (Fast Fourier Factorization) has solved this problem and opened up new possibilities for this method. After a general introduction, the differential method associated with the FFF is presented in detail. Then, a simple and fast solution which makes the use of this method with metals having a purely real and negative permittivity is proposed and solve the problem of divergence faced before. Consequently, a complete study of a dielectric diffractive structure visual security applications is subsequently detailed. Moreover, the developed code of the DM-FFF is integrated in neural networks algorithm for optimal modeling and design of visual security structures. Finally, to meet the condition of generalizing the method for the different photonic structures (guided and diffractive), a coordinate transform inspired from the aperiodic FMM was implemented in the algorithm of the DM-FFF transforming the last one into an aperiodic method for the simulation of 2D integrated optical structures for complex, non-isotropic and non-magnetic materials. The decomposition of the propagation of eigenmode basis can provide access to information which are not directly provided by the FDTD for example (guided modes, radiated modes …). More precise, faster and more rigorous results were obtained compared to a-FMM especially in TM polarization with curvilinear profiles such as the case of cylindrical structures
Bouffaron, Renaud. "Modélisation et Réalisation de Réseaux Sub-Longueur d'Onde :Application au Contrôle de la Réflectivité Large Bande, Large Incidence". Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353626.
Śmigaj, Wojciech. "Conception et modélisation numérique de composants optiques en nanophotonique intégrée". Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567213.
Kerrinckx, Emmanuel. "Les microstructurations dans les fibres optiques". Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Kerrinckx.pdf.
Un de nos objectifs est de pouvoir simuler les propriétés optiques de fibres réelles afin de pouvoir confronter nos modèles avec des mesures expérimentales. Après avoir spécifié les différentes méthodes numériques accessibles au laboratoire (méthode des faisceaux propagés, multipolaire, différences finis et éléments finis), nous expliquons le choix qui a essentiellement été retenu pour nos simulations à savoir la Méthode des Eléments Finis (MEF) et nous présenterons les résultats de simulations concernant l'influence des défauts de fabrications sur l'évolution de la biréfringence. Ces résultats sont alors confrontés aux mesures expérimentales de la biréfringence et de la dispersion chromatique de ces fibres. Un autre objectif important est la conception d'une microstructure permettant d'obtenir une propriété optique prédéfinie. Nous proposons ici une méthode originale de résolution de ce problème inverse, basée sur le couplage d'un Algorithme Génétique avec une méthode d'éléments finis totalement vectorielle permettant de calculer les modes qui se propagent de FCP. Nous appliquerons ensuite notre méthode à la conception d'une fibre présentant une dispersion chromatique proche de zéro sur la gamme spectrale [1,1 µm-1,9 µm] et à la conception d'une fibre ayant une dispersion chromatique "plate" (de très faible pente) et proche de zéro sur la gamme spectrale [1,35 µm-1,65 µm]
Crépin, Thomas. "Techniques de caractérisation aux fréquences térahertz : application aux métamatériaux". Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/10d7b3e7-0680-4007-be1a-1412f0574f43.
Gouaichault, Nathalie. "Réseaux transitoires dans les semiconducteurs sous forte excitation photonique". Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0044.
Kovalevich, Tatiana. "Tunable Bloch surface waves devices". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD022/document.
This thesis is devoted to develop tunable devices on the base of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPhC) which can sustain Bloch surface waves (BSWs).First, we explore the possibilities to control the BSW propagation direction with polarization of incident light. In this case we manufacture additional passive structures such as gratings on the top of the 1DPhC, which are working both as a BSW launcher and polarization–controlled “wave-splitters”. We test this type of launcher in air and in water as an external medium. Then, we demonstrate the tunability of the BSW by adding an active layers into the multilayer stack. Here a crystalline X-cut thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) is used to introduce anisotropic properties to the whole 1DPhC. Different ways to manufacture 1D PhCs with LiNbO3 on the top would be described. Finally, we explore the concept of the electro-optically tuned BSW
Qiu, Wentao. "Study of photonic crystals on thin film lithium niobate for sensing applications - design, fabrication and characterization". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2060/document.
Light is incredibly versatile for measuring all kinds of physical quantities :temperature, electric field (E-field), displacement and strain etc. Photonic sensors are promising candidates for the new generation of sensors developments due to their virtues of high sensitivity, large dynamic range and compact size etc. Integrated and on-fiber end photonic sensors on thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) exploring the electro-optic (EO) and pyro-electric effects are studied in this thesis in order to design E-field sensors and temperature sensors (T-sensors). These studies aim to develop sensors with high sensitivity and compact size. To achieve that aim, sensors that are made of photonic crystals (PhC) cavities are studied by sensing the measurand through the resonance wavelength interrogation method. In integrated sensor studies, intensive numerical calculations by PWE method, mode solving technique and FDTD methods are carried out for the design of high light confinement waveguiding structures on TFLN and suitable PhC configurations. Four types of waveguide (WG) structures (ridge WG, strip loaded WG, slot WG and double slot WG) are studied with a large range of geometrical parameters. Among them, slot WG yields the highest confinement factor while strip loaded WG is an easier option for realizations. Bragg grating is designed in slot WG with an ultra compact size (about 0.5µm×0.7µm ×6µm) and is employed to design PhC cavity. A moderate resonance Q of about 300 in F-P like cavity where the mirrors are made of PhC is achieved with ER of about 70% of the transmission. Theoretical minimum E-field sensitivity of this slot Bragg grating structure can be as low as 200 µV/m. On the other hand, Si3N4 strip loaded WG is designed with 2D PhC structure and a low resonance Q of about 100 is achieved. Fabrications of nano-metrical WG such as ridge WG Si3N4 strip loaded are demonstrated. However, the realization of nanometric components on LN presents a big challenge.In the on-fiber end sensor studies, guided resonance, oftentimes referred to as Fano resonance due to its asymmetric lineshape, is studied with different PhC lattice types. A Suzuki phase lattice (SPL) PhC presenting a Fano resonance at the vicinity of 1500 nm has been studied and demonstrated as temperature sensor with sensitivity of 0.77 nm/oC with a size of only 25 µm × 24 µm. In addition, guided resonances on rectangular lattice PhC have been systematically studied through band diagram calculations, 2D-FDTD and 3D- FDTD simulations
Mwamsojo, Nickson. "Neuromorphic photonic systems for information processing". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAS002.
Artificial Intelligence has revolutionized the scientific community thanks to the advent of a robust computation workforce and Artificial Neural Neural Networks. However, the current implementation trends introduce a rapidly growing demand for computational power surpassing the rates and limitations of Moore's and Koomey's Laws, which implies an eventual efficiency barricade. To respond to these demands, bio-inspired techniques, known as 'neuro-morphic' systems, are proposed using physical devices. Of these systems, we focus on 'Reservoir Computing' and 'Coherent Ising Machines' in our works.Reservoir Computing, for instance, demonstrated its computation power such as the state-of-the-art performance of up to 1 million words per second using photonic hardware in 2017. We propose an automatic hyperparameter tuning algorithm for Reservoir Computing and give a theoretical study of its convergence. Moreover, we propose Reservoir Computing for early-stage Alzheimer's disease detection with a thorough assessment of the energy costs versus performance compromise. Finally, we confront the noisy image restoration problem by maximum a posteriori using an optoelectronic implementation of a Coherent Ising Machine
Allouch, Alaa. "Microfluidique diphasique : réseaux de micro-bulles à défauts contrôlés pour la photonique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634454.
Allouch, Alaa el dine. "Microfluidique diphasique : réseaux de micro-bulles à défauts contrôlés pour la photonique". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1376/.
Microfluidics is a large field that encompasses the study of fluids' behavior at microscales. Progresses in microfabrication technologies have enabled an increasing number of applications in biology, chemistry, and recently in optics. Indeed, microfluidic methods to fabricate photonic crystals are attractive, as compared to standard microfabrication, since they enable low interfaces roughness and self-organized collective fabrication. In this perspective, this thesis suggests the use of two-phase microfluidics to fabricate stable bubble networks, and to integrate easily realistic optical functionalities. First of all, we present the formation of monodisperse hexagonal bubble networks with a tunable pitch (between 5 and 100 µm) controlled by geometry and flow conditions. High-quality crystal organization is revealed by diffraction imaging. A photopolymer, used as carrier liquid, enables obtaining long life crystals. We have developed a glass-glass technology which allows the fabrication of channels adapted to optical applications: transparent, rigid and chemically resistant. To further demonstrate the potentiality of our approach, we have realized bubble crystals which contain controlled defects (lacuna of one, two or line of bubbles), key element in the design of waveguides or resonators. Small bumps are used in order to exclude bubbles from determined zones by a competition between interfacial tension and hydrodynamic forces. We have developed and experimentally confirmed a model which predicts the efficiency of this method. On-chip generated microbubbles are promising for photonics: they intrinsically enable self-organization and surface roughness unbeatably low. Sub-wavelength period are still needed to build photonic crystal-based optical functions. Our approach should enable such scaling down, because bubble formation is not diffraction limited as opposed to photolithography. This work thus opens a novel way to achieve optical functionalities such as waveguide, filter or resonator
Real, Elgueda Bastián Maximiliano. "Transport and driven-dissipative localization in exciton-polariton lattices". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR025.
The simulation of lattice Hamiltonians in photonic platforms has been enlightening in the understanding of novel transport and localization properties in the context of solid-state physics. In particular, exciton-polaritons provide a versatile system to investigate these properties in lattices with intriguing band structures in the presence of gain and loss, and particle interactions. Polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles arising from the strong coupling between photons and excitons in semiconductor microcavities, whose properties can be directly accessed in photoluminescence experiments. In this thesis, we firstly study the features of strained honeycomb lattices made of coupled polariton resonators having high photonic content. In a critically strained lattice, we evidence both a semi-Dirac transport and an anisotropic localization of photons. Secondly, we show that a judicious driving in lattices of lossy resonators allows the appearance of novel localized modes. Using polariton lattices driven resonantly with several optical beams, we demonstrate the localization of light in at-will geometries down to a single site. Finally, we take advantage of the polarization-dependent polariton interaction to demonstrate an optical Zeeman-like effect in a single micropillar. In combination with optical spin-orbit coupling inherent to semiconductor microstructures, the interaction-induced Zeeman effect results in emission of vortex beams with a well-defined chirality. This thesis brings to light the power of polariton platforms to study lattice Hamiltonians with unprecedented properties and it also provides a first step towards the fully-optical generation of topological phases in lattices
Massenot, Sébastien. "Etude, modélisation et réalisation de composants diffractants: Contribution à l'étude de matériaux accordables et application à l'enregistrement holographique de filtres résonants". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne - ENSTB, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00092017.
les fonctions destinées au traitement optique de l'information. Ce travail est basé sur l'étude de
réseaux de diffraction 1D ou 2D réalisés par technique holographique et permettant d'obtenir des fonctionnalit
és de type réseau de Bragg ou des filtres en longueur d'onde basés sur des effets de résonance. Des
outils de simulation permettant de calculer la réponse de ces réseaux de diffraction ont été développés.
Les méthodes adaptées qui ont été retenues sont la théorie rigoureuse des ondes couplées et la théorie
différentielle qui prennent en compte la nature vectorielle de la lumière. Ce travail s'est ensuite poursuivi
par l'étude de deux matériaux d'enregistrements holographiques permettant la réalisation d'hologrammes
en volume. Le premier est le photopolymère Dupont pour lequel un modèle de formation d'hologrammes
a été établi. Nous nous sommes également intéressés au matériau composite polymère cristal liquide (HPDLC)
permettant de réaliser des hologrammes reconfigurables par application d'un champ électrique.
Ces études de modélisation et sur les matériaux d'enregistrement ont permis de valider le principe de
deux filtres en longueur d'onde originaux. Le premier est un cristal photonique 2D constitué de deux
structures périodiques orthogonales. L'opération de filtrage est due à une exaltation de la diffraction de
la structure lorsque nous sommes placés au bord de sa bande interdite photonique. Le second filtre est
accordable et utilise le phénomène de résonance de plasmon de surface survenant pour les réseaux de
diffraction métalliques ainsi que le matériau PDLC comme élément ajustable.
Ziebell, Melissa. "Transceiver optique en silicium pour les réseaux d’accès". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112181/document.
Silicon photonics is a research field in full expansion that works towards the integration of photonics and microelectronic components in a single chip. The creation of a broadband optical link that is able to carry high-speed information requires the development of efficient building blocks compatible with CMOS technology. The work carried out during my Ph.D. focused specifically on silicon optical modulators for high-speed applications from 10 to 40 Gbit/s. The work presented includes design, optimization, fabrication and characterization of the complete device. The modulator is based on the electro-refractive effect obtained by depletion of carriers in PN and PIPIN diodes to obtain a phase change of the optical mode. Intensity modulation is obtained by integration of the active region in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a ring resonator. Electrical, optical and radio frequency simulations were conducted on the various elements of the modulator to design a device for FTTH (Fiber To The Home) applications operating at 127 µm. Additional studies included the design of RF coplanar waveguide electrodes optimized through the development of an electro-optical model that takes into account the propagation of the electrical and optical waves in the active region. Compatible CMOS processes were proposed, and the necessary masks for fabrication were designed considering fabrication tolerances and critical parameters. Finally, various experimental results were obtained on components designed at IEF and fabricated at CEA-LETI. We can specially mention a Mach Zehnder modulator operating at 40 Gbit/s that uses a PIPIN diode to obtain an index variation, and having an extinction ratio of 7.5 dB and losses of only 6 dB. The goal of future optimizations of silicon modulator is to integrate these devices with the RF driver, and to move towards more complex and efficient modulation formats than the two-level intensity modulation seen so far
Boutayeb, Halim. "ÉTUDE DES STRUCTURES PÉRIODIQUES PLANAIRES ET CONFORMES ASSOCIÉES AUX ANTENNES. APPLICATION AUX COMMUNICATIONS MOBILES". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133820.
Chauveau, Clément. "Réseaux de résonateurs pour la photonique sur silicium, applications au multiplexage en longueur d'onde". Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0036.
The development of the micro-electronics industry has given access to very high data transmission rates. Currently, these data rates are limited by the electrical interconnection bandwidth and it will soon be necessary to use optical links to obtain higher data rates. To attain this objective, new building blocks must be developed such as lasers, modulators, photo-detectors, wave-guides and routing devices which must all be fully compatible with the CMOS processing. This doctoral thesis concerns the study and development of new components based on circular resonators arrays, which offer alternative solutions to existing devices in the field of wavelength division multiplexing for silicon photonics. The study of single ring resonators over the entire surface of a wafer shows that the use of thermal regulation is required to compensate for fabrication variations. Results of simulations and experiments show that arrays of circular resonators allow broadband filtering with very low loss. Based on this principle, an 8 channel multiplexer is demonstrated conforming to telecoms specifications. This kind of device is a potential candidate for use in the development of wavelength division multiplexing in silicon photonics
Salaün, Mathieu. "Croissance d'oxyde métallique par photolyse dans un réseau d'interférences 3D". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0092.
The objective of this thesis was to examine the possibility of carrying out a growth of three-dimensional periodic structures by chemical vapour decomposition in a 3D interfe-rence field. The direct growth of chromium oxide Or20:3 of 3D periodic organization was proven. This one takes place by photolytic decomposition of chromyle chloride Cr02C[2' Moreover, as such a decomposition was realized on T i02 single-crystal substrate, it was found that the structuring of Cr203 exhibits crystallographical orientational relationships with respect to the substrate. The process starts with an epitaxial growth of Or02 which the crystal structure is isomorphous with that of TiCh rutile; CrCh oxide decomposes par¬tially into C7'203, itself cristallographically orientecl with respect to Cr02' Then a growth of Cr203 phase continues according to the electromagnetic energy clensity modulations of the 3D interference network
Vatin, Jeremy. "Photonique neuro-inspirée pour des applications télécoms". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CentraleSupélec, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CSUP0004.
We are producing everyday thousands of gigabits of data, exchanged over the internet network. These data are processed thanks to computation clusters, which are responsible of the large amount of energy consumed by the internet network. In this work, we study an architecture made of photonic components, to get rid of electronic components that are power consuming. Thanks to components that are currently used in the internet network (laser and optical fiber), we aim at building an artificial neural network that is able to process telecommunication data. The artificial neural network is made of a laser, and an optical fiber that send back the light into the laser. The complex behavior of this system is used to feed the artificial neurons that are distributed along the fiber. We are able to prove that this system is able either to process one signal with a high efficiency, or two signals at the expense of a small loss of accuracy
Salaün, Mathieu. "Croissance d'oxyde métallique par photolyse dans un réseau d'interférences 3D". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612071.
Beaudin, Guillaume. "Nouvelles technologies de fabrication associées aux composants photoniques hybrides". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1480.
He, Qiong. "Diffraction de Bragg dans des réseaux minces à deux dimensions". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112137.
Optical signal processing requires compact, efficient and selective devices. The solution suggested in this thesis consists in the setting of a thin transmission grating inside a reflection grating or a Bragg mirror, which offer, at the band-edge of the device, the triple advantage of a strongly amplified diffraction efficiency, a largely improved wavelength selectivity and a Bragg diffraction regime. This principle was implemented in two designs: a two-dimensional sinusoidal crossed grating and a transmission grating recorded in a Bragg reflector deposited on another totally reflecting Bragg mirror. These designs were validated by two experimental achievements: a two-dimensional sinusoidal crossed grating recorded in a photopolymer material by optical interference, and a transmission grating recorded in a semiconductor Bragg mirror (CdMgTe/CdMnTe). An analytical model was developed which showed the huge potential of such a device. The experimental results are in good agreement with numerical calculations resulting from our model. The comparison with the equivalent transmission gratings recorded in a homogeneous medium demonstrated the huge improvement in the diffraction properties when the read beam wavelength and incidence correspond to the band edge of the reflection grating or the Bragg mirror and satisfy the transmission grating Bragg condition. These results are very promising for applications in optical signal processing
Ziebell, Melissa. "Transceiver optique en silicium pour les réseaux d'accès". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873582.
Beninca, de farias Giovanni. "Etude de solutions OFDM en technologie "Photonique Silicium" pour les futures générations de réseaux optiques passifs". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061786.
Beninca, de Farias Giovanni. "Etude de solutions OFDM en technologie "Photonique Silicium" pour les futures générations de réseaux optiques passifs". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT083/document.
In the context of Passive Optical Networks (PON), operators are looking for innovative solutions to increase aggregated data-rate, split-ratio and reach. Another requirement is that transceivers should be as low-cost as possible. The optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique can improve performance of the transmission in terms of data-rate and reach as compared to classical single-carrier On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation. At the same time, the silicon photonics technology can lower the cost per unit of the transceiver, due to its mass production and E/O integration capabilities. Optical OFDM has already shown its potential using commercially available optical components. However, its use with silicon photonics Directly-Modulated Lasers (DML) and modulators is more challenging. The objective of this work is to study the performance of OFDM -based solutions for future PON, using silicon photonics transmitters. For that purpose, a dedicated simulation platform is developed. The OFDM modem is implemented, as well as models of silicon photonic devices built during this thesis. These models are validated by characterizing physical components available for test. In parallel, an experimental test-bed is developed. The silicon photonics transmitters are benchmarked with commercial-available transmitters for OFDM-based optical systems. For Intensity-Modulated/Directly-Detected (IM/DD) links, the use of optical OFDM with adaptive bit and power loading is proposed to maximize spectral efficiency. Two types of silicon photonics transmitters are considered: directly modulated III/V-on-silicon lasers (experiment) and external optical modulators such as Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) (simulation) and ring-resonator (simulation and experiment). Experimental results show that the hybrid DML can provide more than 10Gbps aggregated data-rate over at least 50km, which is a requirement for future uplink PON (from the subscriber to the central office). For the silicon ring modulator, because of the high coupling loss in and out of the photonic chip, reach was limited to 20km for a data-rate higher than 10Gbps. These are the first experimental demonstrations of OFDM modulation with hybrid III/V-on-silicon lasers and silicon ring-resonator modulator. Besides, simulation results show that reach can be indeed improved up to 100km if the optical signal is amplified or the coupling loss reduced. A modulation technique called Single-Side Band (SSB)-OFDM is known to improve the [bandwidth x reach] product of the link, as compared to IM/DD (Dual-Side Band (DSB)) systems. However, it requires expensive transmitters with several discrete optical components. As silicon photonics technology allows a very high level of integration between different optical components and between electrical and optical devices, a silicon optical IQ modulator enabling ac{SSB}-ac{OFDM} technique is investigated. Simulation results of a study-case reveal that a relatively low optical budget penalty (up to 3dB) of the silicon photonics transmitters as compared to the LiNbO3 modulator is achieved. The solutions presented in this thesis are demonstrated to be compliant with future PON in terms of data-rate, with relatively low bandwidth (<6.25GHz) electronics. This is a great asset for the considered application. The driving voltages required for typical IM/DD systems showed to be closer to what CMOS driving circuitry can provide (about 2Vpp). Recent developments on high-speed digital signal processors and D/A-A/D converters, using CMOS technologies, make optical-OFDM an attractive solution for future PONs as full-Silicon-transmitters could be used
Lechevalier, Corentin. "Structure des bandes, états propres et dynamique non linéaire dans un réseau photonique fibré". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR070.
The subject of this manuscript's research is based on the characterization the dynamics of light in a photonic lattice. Photonic lattice are platform where light can propagate and be precisely analysed. The photonic lattice studied is formed by two fiber coupled ring. The evolution of light inside the lattice is fully describe by one relation. This one is especially challenging to be measured in a single measure. In our study, we propose to measure the complet relation into a single measure thanks to an add-on device.When the relation is observed, we analyze its structure to describe fundamental propreties of the lattice. Our experimental device offer the possibility to measure various relation but moreover complex physical phenomena such as high pulses formation, coherents structures or pulses interactions
Chevriaux, Dominique. "Supratransmission et bistabilité nonlinéaire dans les milieux à bandes interdites photoniques et électroniques". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20039.
Tsyier, Sergei. "Caractérisation des profils d'indice de réseaux de Bragg innovants en module et phase". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0022.
N the last decade new techniques were developed for fabrication of sophisticated Fiber Bragg Gratings (FGBs). This has been motivated by the emergence of many applications such as dispersion compensation for long-haul communication systems, DFB fiber lasers, optical add/drop multiplexers, and optical sensors. Post-fabrication diagnostics should provide relevant information to enhance the FBG fabrication process. It is well known that the FBG spectral properties are related to the index profile Δn. Direct measurement techniques, such as the side diffraction method reported by P. Krug, allow determining the index modulation amplitude along the FBG. Nevertheless, these techniques provide no information about phase fluctuations. An alternative method of indirect characterization, based on the Layer-Peeling (LP) algorithm, consists in Bragg grating profile reconstruction from its complex reflectivity. However, the LP method is unstable when applied to characterize long FBGs (>1mm) due to the error propagation effect. In this thesis we have shown the principle of a novel technique for the direct measurement of amplitude and phase variations of the index modulation along an FBG based on the blue luminescence (BL). Our experimental results are in a good agreement with the according Krug characterization. The proposed method of FBG characterization in amplitude and phase using the UV induced BL can be applied to long gratings (up to tens of centimeters) having complex index modulation profiles. It allows retrieving simultaneously the index profile modulation Δnac(z) and the chirp function, localizing phase shifts, and also detecting the mean index change Δndc(z)
Collardey, Sylvain. "Applications des matériaux à bande interdite photonique à la réduction de la S. E. R. D'un réseau d'antennes". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10155.