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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Réseaux de nanofils métalliques et polymères"
Ullah, Wahid. "Synthèse électrochimique de nanoréseaux métalliques et polymériques au travers de films minces de silice mésoporeuse à canaux verticalement orientés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0093.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this project we exploited surface modification of electrodes with vertically oriented mesoporous silica thin films, generated by electrochemically assisted self-assembly method. The silica scaffold offers narrow pores diameter around 2-3 nm and 50-150 nm film thickness, a competitive hard template material for the preparation of low dimensional metallic and organic nanopatterns on conducting surfaces. We combined the wealth of mesoporous silica thin film with electrochemistry to obtain surface nanopatterning of the underlying support. Well-adhered and mechanically stable mesoporous silica film is formed on electrodes bearing hydroxyl moieties on their surface, for example indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the adhesion and mechanical stability of mesoporous silica thin film is poor on noble metals such as gold (Au). To ensure uniform surface coverage and good adhesion of the silica film to the Au surface, it was necessary to use a (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) reagent to act as a “molecular glue” thanks to its thiol functionality, which is able to bind to the gold substrate and to its alkoxysilane moieties enabling condensation with the silica material. The MPTMS layer had, however, a significant effect on film permeability to redox probes, depending on the MPTMS treatment time. MPTMS adsorption should be long enough to ensure proper adhesion of the film but not too long to avoid surface blocking or film defects. In addition, Cu underpotential deposition (UPD) experiments revealed that the silica membrane significantly affected the UPD process, suggesting some barrier effect of the porous membrane, but the interface Au/MPTMS/silica is not sharp and allowed metal UPD between the gold substrate and the silica thin film. In the second part of the thesis, mesoporous silica thin films, with two distinct pore diameters (2.0 and 2.9 nm), covered ITO electrodes were used as hard template for the control electrochemical growth of polyaniline (PANI) nanowire arrays. To ensure proper adhesion of PANI to the underlying ITO surface, aniline moieties are first covalently attached to the bottom of mesochannels via electrografting of aminophenyl diazonium cations, serving in a second step as precursors for PANI growth by electropolymerization of aniline through the silica mesochannels. PANI wires remain attached to ITO after removal of the silica membrane, confirming the importance of initial electrografting. Both PANI inside silica template and the free PANI nanowire arrays were electroactive. Spectroelectrochemical study revealed fast electrochromic behavior and cycling stability of PANI nanowire arrays. In last part of the project, some preliminary attempts were made for the electrochemical co-deposition of bimetallic Cobalt/Platinum (CoPt) nanowire arrays onto ITO electrode covered with mesoporous silica films. The presence of Co and Pt in the deposits was confirmed from surface analysis by spectroscopic methods and electrochemical characterization
Lonjon, Antoine. "Nanocomposite conducteur polymère - nanofils métalliques : élaboration et analyse des propriétés physiques". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1346/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work shows the elaboration of electrical conductive nanocomposites polymer/metallic nanowires, low filled to preserve the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. Conductive metallic nanowires were performed with different kind of metals. These conductive nanowires are inserted into an electrical insulator thermoplastic matrix P(VDF-TrFE). The mechanical properties are maintained for filler content below 5 % vol. Above the percolation threshold (0. 75 % volume) the conductive nanocomposites reach a value of electrical conductivity near 10² S/m. The influence of the aspect ratio, metal, crystallinity and process are discussed to interpret the values observed
Bessaire, Bastien. "Fabrication et étude de nanomatériaux 1D conducteurs par électrofilage pour leurs propriétés optoélectroniques". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1175/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of transparent and conductive materials has been growing exponentially in the last decade as they are part of many optoelectronic devices such as touch screens and solar cells. Among these materials, Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) is the market reference since it combines a low resistivity and a high transparency up to 90% in the form of thin film. However, the growing in the development of flexible technologies created a real need in alternatives as ITO has poor mechanical properties. Carbon nanotubes and graphene are potential substitutes, but metallic nanowires and conductive polymers have been developed for their high performances and low cost respectively.This thesis presents the implementation of these alternatives by the original method of electrospinning and the study of their optoelectronic properties. The optimization of the experimental setup (field, rate, environmental parameters) and solutions (rheology, polymer concentration, co-solvents) allowed us to obtain 2 different kinds of nanostructures: fully polymeric with PEDOT:PSS and composite with PVP and silver nanowires. The study of the optoelectronic properties of the resulting networks has also been investigated
Bessbousse, Haad. "Elaboration et caractérisation de membranes complexantes pour les ions métalliques par la technique des réseaux de polymères semi interpénétrés". Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES013.
Pełny tekst źródłaChelating membranes for heavy metal ions have been prepared by the semi-interpenetrated polymer networks technique. The matrix is a crosslinked network of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) that immobilizes a commercial or synthetic complexing polymer (CP). The chelating membranes are obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of PVA and PC in the 60/40 mass ratio, evaporation of the solvent at room temperature and crosslinking by gaseous 1,2-dibromoethane at 140 °C. After characterization of the membranes (compatibility, microscopic observations, thermal stability, effectiveness of the reticulation by measurement of swelling ratio and infra-red spectrometry and determination of the sorption capacities), we selected a PVA/poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) membrane for the Hg(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions and two PVA/poly(vinylimidazole) (PVI) and PVA/poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) membranes for Hg(II). The membranes were used in the static mode (sorption) and in the dynamic mode (frontal filtration). Sorption kinetics were studied. The sorption isotherms, that obey the Langmuir model, show high retention capacities for the four metal ions by the three membranes. The thermodynamical sorption parameters were determined; they show a large entropic effect. The membrane show little sensitivity to the presence of calcium or chloride ions. The implementation of the membranes in filtration became satisfactory after improvement of porosity by silica impregnation and dissolution. The membranes could be regenerated several times by treatment with a strong acid or EDTA
Awaleh, Mohamed Osman. "Réseaux étendus construits par autoassemblage de ligands flexibles dithiolatés et de centres métalliques du groupe 11, argent(I) et or(I)". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6562.
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