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Hong, Rui, Chenglang Xiang, Hui Liu, Adam Glowacz i Wei Pan. "Visualizing the Knowledge Structure and Research Evolution of Infrared Detection Technology Studies". Information 10, nr 7 (1.07.2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10070227.
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This paper aims to explore the current status, research trends and hotspots related to the field of infrared detection technology through bibliometric analysis and visualization techniques based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) articles published between 1990 and 2018 using the VOSviewer and Citespace software tools. Based on our analysis, we first present the spatiotemporal distribution of the literature related to infrared detection technology, including annual publications, origin country/region, main research organization, and source publications. Then, we report the main subject categories involved in infrared detection technology. Furthermore, we adopt literature cocitation, author cocitation, keyword co-occurrence and timeline visualization analyses to visually explore the research fronts and trends, and present the evolution of infrared detection technology research. The results show that China, the USA and Italy are the three most active countries in infrared detection technology research and that the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique has the largest number of publications among related organizations. The most prominent research hotspots in the past five years are vibration thermal imaging, pulse thermal imaging, photonic crystals, skin temperature, remote sensing technology, and detection of delamination defects in concrete. The trend of future research on infrared detection technology is from qualitative to quantitative research development, engineering application research and infrared detection technology combined with other detection techniques. The proposed approach based on the scientific knowledge graph analysis can be used to establish reference information and a research basis for application and development of methods in the domain of infrared detection technology studies.
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Tang, Liu, Shwu Jen Chang, Ching-Jung Chen i Jen-Tsai Liu. "Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technology: A Review". Sensors 20, nr 23 (4.12.2020): 6925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236925.
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In recent years, with the rise of global diabetes, a growing number of subjects are suffering from pain and infections caused by the invasive nature of mainstream commercial glucose meters. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has become an international research topic and a new method which could bring relief to a vast number of patients. This paper reviews the research progress and major challenges of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology in recent years, and divides it into three categories: optics, microwave and electrochemistry, based on the detection principle. The technology covers medical, materials, optics, electromagnetic wave, chemistry, biology, computational science and other related fields. The advantages and limitations of non-invasive and invasive technologies as well as electrochemistry and optics in non-invasives are compared horizontally in this paper. In addition, the current research achievements and limitations of non-invasive electrochemical glucose sensing systems in continuous monitoring, point-of-care and clinical settings are highlighted, so as to discuss the development tendency in future research. With the rapid development of wearable technology and transdermal biosensors, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring will become more efficient, affordable, robust, and more competitive on the market.
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Longo, Giuseppe O. "Communication, Technology, and the Planetary Creature". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, nr 1 (10.02.2010): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v8i1.129.
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Man and technology are inseparable: man produces technology, but the latter contributes to the continuous transformation of man. Today biological evolution based on random genetic mutations is largely exceeded by cultural (more specifically, technological) evolution, which is much faster due to the presence of Lamarckian inheritance mechanisms (imitation, learning and the like). This has two important consequences: 1) the formation of Homo technologicus, a symbiotic creature where biology meets technology intimately and is subject to a continuous transformation; and 2) the formation of a sort of Planetary Creature that originates from the interconnection of the individual man-machine symbionts and is heralded by the Internet and by the communication activities occurring in the Internet, in particular those taking place in the so-called social networks. The Planetary Creature is a single world-wide structure where important communication and cognitive processes occur, developing into a sort of connective intelligence that tends to absorb individual intelligences. This encroaching process can produce resistance and dissent as well as suffering, but can also enhance individual abilities. Actually, the growing efficiency and the decreasing costs of the communication mediated by technology offer unprecedented opportunities for augmenting knowledge and creativity and for eliciting novel forms of intellectual activity. On the other hand there might be negative consequences such as addiction to computers and virtuality, delegation of activities and abilities to machines, vulnerability of complex systems, undue control on individuals and economic exploitation. Some important consequences of these developments are examined concerning the body, the time and space categories, and in particular the identity concept. This text is the keynote address of Guiseppe O. Longo at the 9th International Conference on Sociocybernetics, organised by the Research Committee 51 of the International Sociological Association (ISA) in Urbino, 29 June - 5 July 2009. The theme of the conference was: `Modernity 2.0 - Emerging Social Media Technologies and Their Impacts´. Longo presents here the perspective of engineering science towards sociological issues. He has published several books on that topic, so far in Italian language only. Though some of his statements in the text don't seem well-founded to sociological readers or may be deemed highly speculative, we decided to make his ideas accessible to the non- Italian world. We think they are worth discussing. Wolfgang Hofkirchner
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Longo, Giuseppe O. "Communication, Technology, and the Planetary Creature". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 8, nr 1 (10.02.2010): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol8iss1pp18-27.
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Man and technology are inseparable: man produces technology, but the latter contributes to the continuous transformation of man. Today biological evolution based on random genetic mutations is largely exceeded by cultural (more specifically, technological) evolution, which is much faster due to the presence of Lamarckian inheritance mechanisms (imitation, learning and the like). This has two important consequences: 1) the formation of Homo technologicus, a symbiotic creature where biology meets technology intimately and is subject to a continuous transformation; and 2) the formation of a sort of Planetary Creature that originates from the interconnection of the individual man-machine symbionts and is heralded by the Internet and by the communication activities occurring in the Internet, in particular those taking place in the so-called social networks. The Planetary Creature is a single world-wide structure where important communication and cognitive processes occur, developing into a sort of connective intelligence that tends to absorb individual intelligences. This encroaching process can produce resistance and dissent as well as suffering, but can also enhance individual abilities. Actually, the growing efficiency and the decreasing costs of the communication mediated by technology offer unprecedented opportunities for augmenting knowledge and creativity and for eliciting novel forms of intellectual activity. On the other hand there might be negative consequences such as addiction to computers and virtuality, delegation of activities and abilities to machines, vulnerability of complex systems, undue control on individuals and economic exploitation. Some important consequences of these developments are examined concerning the body, the time and space categories, and in particular the identity concept. This text is the keynote address of Guiseppe O. Longo at the 9th International Conference on Sociocybernetics, organised by the Research Committee 51 of the International Sociological Association (ISA) in Urbino, 29 June - 5 July 2009. The theme of the conference was: `Modernity 2.0 - Emerging Social Media Technologies and Their Impacts´. Longo presents here the perspective of engineering science towards sociological issues. He has published several books on that topic, so far in Italian language only. Though some of his statements in the text don't seem well-founded to sociological readers or may be deemed highly speculative, we decided to make his ideas accessible to the non- Italian world. We think they are worth discussing. Wolfgang Hofkirchner
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Belfrage, Sara. "Without Informed Consent". International Journal of Technoethics 2, nr 3 (lipiec 2011): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jte.2011070104.
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The requirement of always obtaining participants’ informed consent in research with human subjects cannot always be met, for a variety of reasons. This paper describes and categorises research situations where informed consent is unobtainable. Some of these kinds of situations, common in biomedicine and psychology, have been previously discussed, whereas others, for example, those more prevalent in infrastructure research, introduce new perspectives. The advancement of new technology may lead to an increase in research of these kinds. The paper also provides a review of methods intended to compensate for lack of consent, and their applicability and usefulness for the different categories of situations are discussed. The aim of this is to provide insights into one important aspect of the question of permitting research without informed consent, namely, how well that which informed consent is meant to safeguard can be achieved by other means.
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Ma. Ronavie M. Ternida. "Technology competency map of the teachers in the new normal". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, nr 2 (28.02.2023): 079–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.2.0172.
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Background: Technology can help the constructivist learning process by making abstract concepts and facts more grounded in personal experiences and the values of learners and also by allowing the learning experience to be differentiated for individual learners (e.g., through personalized developmentally-appropriate software). Aim: The paper would like to find out the technology skills of students amidst pandemic. Methods: The study used descriptive research design. Descriptive design is suitable wherever the subjects vary among themselves and one is interested to know the extent to which different conditions and situations are obtained among these subjects. The method of gathering data is a survey questionnaire which is a product of a thorough reading of related literature and studies. After the construction, the questionnaire was validated by the experts. Conclusion: The highest rating among the indicators of technology skills were the items “Take digital pictures and download them to my computer.” and “Upload video, PowerPoint and other outputs for presentation or sharing.” All categories – age, length of service, and educational attainment have significant differences in their mean responses, thus, these groupings have influenced the ratings of teacher-respondents on their technology skills.
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Musa, Hastuty, R. Rusli, Ilhamsyah i A. Yuliana. "Analysis of Student Errors in Solving Mathematics Problems Based on Watson's Criteria on the Subject of Two Variable Linear Equation System (SPLDV)". EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation 1, nr 2 (30.07.2021): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.eduline572.
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The purpose of the study was to describe the types of student errors and the factors that caused students to make mistakes in solving a two-variable system of linear equations based on Watson's criteria for class VIII MTs Pattuku. This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII MTs Pattuku then chose 3 subjects to be interviewed who had the most types of errors based on Watson's criteria. The research instrument used was a diagnostic test consisting of 3 questions about a two-variable linear equation system and interview guidelines. From the results of this study, it shows that there are no students who make mistakes in missing data (committed data) and indirect manipulation (undirected manipulation). 16% made incorrect data errors (innapropriate data), 40% made incorrect procedural errors (innapropriate procedure), 68% made an omitted conclusion error, 24% made a response level conflict error, 36% made mistakes in the skill hierarchy problem, and 48% made mistakes other than the 7 categories above (above other).
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Cawley, Peter. "Structural health monitoring: Closing the gap between research and industrial deployment". Structural Health Monitoring 17, nr 5 (29.01.2018): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717750047.
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There has been a large volume of research on structural health monitoring since the 1970s but this research effort has yielded relatively few routine industrial applications. Structural health monitoring can include applications on very different structures with very different requirements; this article splits the subject into four broad categories: rotating machine condition monitoring, global monitoring of large structures (structural identification), large area monitoring where the area covered is part of a larger structure, and local monitoring. The capabilities and potential applications of techniques in each category are discussed. Condition monitoring of rotating machine components is very different to the other categories since it is not strictly concerned with structural health. However, it is often linked with structural health monitoring and is a relatively mature field with many routine applications, so useful lessons can be read across to mainstream structural health monitoring where there are many fewer industrial applications. Reasons for the slow transfer from research to practical application of structural health monitoring include lack of attention to the business case for monitoring, insufficient attention to how the large data flows will be handled and the lack of performance validation on real structures in industrial environments. These issues are discussed and ways forward proposed; it is concluded that given better focused research and development considering the key factors identified here, structural health monitoring has the potential to follow the path of rotating machine condition monitoring and become a widely deployed technology.
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Silva, Sheila Serafim Da, Paulo Roberto Feldmann, Renata Giovinazzo Spers i Martha Delphino Bambini. "Analysis of the process of technology transfer in public research institutions". Innovation & Management Review 16, nr 4 (21.10.2019): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/inmr-05-2018-0024.
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Purpose Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), owned by the Brazilian Government, is one of the most efficient agencies for promoting sustainable tropical agriculture in the world. However, although information is available, farmers do not always put the technologies and knowledge into practice. There is a large difference between the average productivity of farmers and crop or herd potential. Thus, this paper aims to describe and analyze the process of technology transfer of the Embrapa Agrobiology Unit. Design/methodology/approach The study reviewed the classical and diffusionist models of technology transfer (TT) in Brazilian agriculture and the role of the government in innovation. This was based on documentary research and structured interviews with four employees, supported by a structured roadmap composed of four categories for analysis: the role of TT; the organizational structure of the area; the TT strategies; and the ways of delivery, methods and tools of TT. By a qualitative approach, the results were treated through content analysis. Findings The results indicated that the area of TT at Embrapa went through a recent restructuring, which included the interchange and collective construction of knowledge (ICC) in its TT process, to turn entrepreneurship into reality. The company is dedicated to bringing knowledge to the most important people: farmers. This has been done through a participatory TT model, which has involved multiplier agents from the research stage to the transfer stage. Research limitations/implications Some limitations were found, among them, the fact that only internal members of Embrapa were interviewed, limiting the view of the TTICC staff and without knowing the multiplier agents’ opinion and other actors involved in the process. In addition, it is a qualitative research that is subject to the interpretation of the researcher. Practical implications This study contributed to reflections about the TT process and how it can be used by different actors, along with the role of the State in innovation. Social implications In addition to contributing to the development of products, processes and technologies for the economic, social and environmental development of Brazil, Embrapa has been outstanding in generating knowledge for the advancement of science. Its results have had impacts not only nationally but also worldwide. Embrapa has played a key role in Brazilian agriculture as well as in livestock, mainly, in supporting governmental projects and in the implementation of public policies. Originality/value The aim of this study was achieved, as there was a possibility of describing and analyzing the technology transfer process at Embrapa Agrobiology Unit, located in the city of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. It is concluded that Embrapa has been committed to involving the farmer in the process of interchange, collective construction of knowledge and technology transfer. The farmer has become the focus of this process, reducing the development of “shelf” researches and increasing the participation of the farmer or of the multiplier agent. The importance of studying and knowing the process of technology and knowledge transfer to the public of interest should be highlighted, and especially the reasons why this technology or knowledge are often not adopted by the public. It was possible to identify that Embrapa has noticed the difficulties of farmers and realized that the best way the best way of transforming technological solutions and knowledge into innovation is by involving the farmer in the process of construction and of transfer. Thus, the farmer gives greater credibility to the technology or generated knowledge because this is something that he himself helped build. In the sphere of contemporary institutional knowledge management, Embrapa has had as its main point of departure the demand and the needs of society. For this, it has created means to ensure the participation of different actors because they signal the construction of technological solutions and of innovation and they are the ones who know the real situation. However, this is a recent progress within Embrapa that has evolved and generated results. Thus, research, science and technology institutions must go beyond technology transfer and must ensure the involvement, participation and interaction of the public of interest to promote significant change, social, economic and environmental development and transformation. Embrapa observed this from the referential framework that included technology transfer, interchange and the collective construction of knowledge.
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Tushko, Klavdiia, i Serhiy Sovva. "METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING THE STUDY-TECHNOLOGY DISCIPLINE TO FUTURE BORDER OFFICERS". Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», nr 1(48) (27.05.2021): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.419-422.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the content of the methodology of teaching the course «Start-up-technology» to future border guards. Applied research methods: search and bibliographic (for systematization and organization of the source base; system and subject analysis (to clarify the content of scientific and pedagogical concepts and categories in accordance with the research problem); analysis of scientific and methodological literature, dictionary and reference literature). The article highlights the specifics of the methodology of teaching the discipline «Start-up Technology» to future border guards. The authors touched upon the problems of the quality of higher education in Ukraine, and in particular higher military education. A number of scientific works on the research problem are analysed: publications, monographs, and dissertations. The essence of the methodology of teaching «Start-up-technologies» the authors revealed on the example of the specialty «Telecommunications and Radio Engineering» at the Border Academy. The main features of the methodology are: construction of the working program of the prescribed discipline, taking into account the content of the professional activities of border guards; the distribution of classroom hours was carried out in such a way that most of them provided practical training for future border guards. Approximately 26 teaching hours out of 46 classroom classes are practical classes, the rest are lectures and seminars; a wide range of pedagogical technologies was used during practical and seminar classes with future border guards: from interactive conversations to collaborative technologies; ensuring interdisciplinary communication, as «Start-up technologies» are related to the disciplines «Philosophy», «Political and economic systems», «Project management» and others; use of managerial potential of academic discipline, in order to form the ability to make decisions and awareness of responsibility for these decisions; formation of a new style of thinking, demonstrated by the owners of start-ups around the world; expanding the worldview of border cadets; ensuring the education of future border officers, in particular such qualities as tolerance, restraint, etc.
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Wang, Minxi, Ping Liu, Zhaoliang Gu, Hong Cheng i Xin Li. "A Scientometric Review of Resource Recycling Industry". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 23 (22.11.2019): 4654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234654.
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With rapid economic development and urbanization, a large number of primary resources are consumed and accumulate in society as recyclable resource, which causes great pressure on the environment. The development of the resource recycling industry (RRI) can reduce environmental impacts and achieve sustainable development and green growth. Scholars are paying more attention to the resource recycling industry (RRI), and the related literature continues to increase. There are over 7041 publications covering RRI in the Web of Science database from 1996 to 2018. This paper analyzes the time distribution characteristics of the literature and the status of the scientific research cooperation network using the visualization analysis software CiteSpace. The number of documents increased from 94 in 1996 to a peak of 963 in 2018. There is no relatively stable core author group. The number of papers published by “Chinese Acad Sci” ranks first among all research institutions. Document co-citation analysis and burst detection are adopted to assess the status and emerging trends in the RRI research domain. A publication by M.C. Monte on waste management is the most cited paper. Additionally, “green and sustainable and technology” and “science and technology—other topics” are the latest emerging subject categories in RRI research. Furthermore, “e-waste”, “reverse logistics” and “lean manufacturing” are emerging research trends for RRI, and “carbon emissions”, “policy”, “demolition waste”, “supply chain management” and “compressive strength” have become hot topics. These findings may provide inspiration for scholars to search for new research directions and ideas.
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Tartuk, Murat. "Metaphorical Perceptions of Middle School Students Regarding the Concept of Artificial Intelligence". International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies 11, nr 2 (25.04.2023): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.11n.2p.108.
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Artificial intelligence and technologies have started to directly affect and steer humanity with the developments in science and technology in recent years. Artificial intelligence is like a living organism that thinks, decides and remembers for humans. The effects and consequences of this situation on individuals and societies are explicitly predicted and observed. However, how these results will affect our future in the long term remains a big question mark. It seems likely that countries will add artificial intelligence and coding literacy skills to their curricula in order to raise awareness of their citizens in the face of these possible questions and problems in the coming years. Nowadays, understanding artificial intelligence is key to using technology effectively. Students’ perceptions of this concept is crucial because of this. This present study aimed to determine the metaphorical perceptions of middle school students about the concept of artificial intelligence. Also, it is a qualitative study with phenomenological design principles. The study group consisted of 86 students studying in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades of a private school affiliated to the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) of the Republic of Turkey. The students were asked to complete the sentence “Artificial intelligence is like... because...”. The data obtained from the research were analyzed by content analysis method. As a result of the research, it was determined that middle school students developed 51 different metaphors about the concept of artificial intelligence. It was found that these metaphors developed by the students were diverse and creative. The most frequently used metaphors are human (10), brain (8), robot (4), technology (3) and scientist (3). The metaphors developed by the students about the concept of artificial intelligence were separated in 4 different categories. These categories are technical/object, human/subject, nature-related and interesting/other. Middle school students perceived the concept of artificial intelligence mostly through human subjective elements. In addition, it was observed that students perceived the concept of artificial intelligence in a very broad perspective.
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Friis, Joachim. "Negotiations of In/Visibility: Surveillance in Hito Steyerl’s How Not to be Seen". Surveillance & Society 19, nr 1 (5.03.2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v19i1.13950.
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In this paper, I analyze Hito Steyerl’s artwork How Not to be Seen: A Fucking Didactic Educational .MOV File (2013) from the perspective of surveillance. Looking back at one of the most influential artworks of the last decade, I understand How Not to be Seen as a discursive practice using images that poses an ambivalent surveillance critique through media- and wordplay. I first outline the historical references of Steyerl’s critique of technology, including Heidegger’s (1938) “image as world picture,” and position her in relation to other relevant surveillance-resistant practices. Drawing on analytical theory by Rancière (2006), I argue that the video is an example of a documentary fiction that organizes heterogenous visual, semiotic, and sensory material horizontally. From here, I move on to analyze the artwork focusing on how in both its content and form it engages humorously in discussions of (in)visibility, targeting, resolution, and data extraction. Using discourses on Steyerl’s work from herself and others, I show how the .MOV file, in playing with representational media, subverts categories used for surveillant targeting and data extraction. Hence, I argue that Steyerl ultimately advocates for resistance through ambivalence as a playful counter-visuality in the face of ubiquitous surveillance. In an era of intelligent imagery, this implicates using the image as an object that is part of the medium and not as subject representation.
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Kuzmina, Yulia Alekseevna. "Representation of the German in the Discursive Field of the Russian Classical Literary Canon". Философия и культура, nr 8 (sierpień 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2023.8.43695.
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The article presents literary, sociological and cultural points of view on the problem of the literary canon, describes the mechanisms of canonization and defines the boundaries of the Russian classics. The author discovers a connection between the texts claiming the status of the canonical hierarchy and the question of ethnicity. The article establishes that the construction of both a national self-portrait and the image of a foreigner (the Other) are the most important functions of the classical canon. The object of this research is a unified discursive field of Russian classical literature. The subject is the generalized image of the German that forms in this field. The author, resorting references to current research practices of discourse analysis, establishes that the portrait of a German is based on such conceptual categories as: 1) the connection with the soil and nature, 2) the connection with roots, 3) reliance on reality and "mundanity", 4) planning, 5) positivism and subordination, 6) perception of life as a mechanism. The construction of the Other creates an opposition to the "Russian" in the structure of the classical text and builds a series of binary pairs: heredity / freedom, stability on the ground / ability to jump, clear planning / dreaminess, legalism / Paschality, self-aggrandizement / self-abasement, godlessness / Orthodoxy. The article reveals that the German hero acts as a constituent of the Other, provoking self-determination and self-identification.
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Swirski de Souza, Yeda, Iuri Gavronski i Artur Jacobus. "Suprimento global de serviços de conhecimento e inovação: uma revisão integrativa da literatura". Internext 10, nr 2 (9.09.2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18568/1980-4865.10246-63.
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<p>Global sourcing of knowledge services and innovation (GSKSI) has been subject of several studies in an array of areas, which include strategy and international management, economic geography, organizational behavior, operation management, among others. The objectives of this paper are twofold: a) to produce a summary of GSKSI studies and b) provide a research agenda for GSKSI. We conducted a systematic review of academic literature and found that, besides essays, reports and theoretical papers, the empirical studies on GSKSI can be distributed in four major categories: strategic and international management; technology and innovation management; labor, organizational behavior and human resources; and operations management. We also found that GSKSI analysis oscillate between an approach that connects this phenomenon to previous or existing practices, and another view that considers GSKSI a transformational phenomenon challenging extant theories and practices.</p>
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Aydoğmuş, Mevlüt, i Süleyman Arslantaş. "Prospective Teachers’ Metaphors as a Lens to Understand How They Perceive ‘Web 2.0’". Research on Education and Media 12, nr 1 (1.12.2020): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rem-2020-0007.
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Abstract Technology should be used in teaching and learning in universities. It is seen that studies on the use of Web 2.0 tools in education faculties are limited. Teachers who will integrate information and communication technologies into education at schools must first of all have prerequisite knowledge and skills on this subject. However, the effective use of technological tools in learning environments also depends on teachers’ perspectives on technology. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of pre-service teachers towards Web 2.0 applications through metaphors. The authors of the study effectively used web 2.0 tools during the semester in Educational Sociology, Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity, and Integration in Special Education courses. In the study, phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research approaches, was used, and semi-structured interview form was used to collect the data. Participants of the study consisted of 123 pre-service teachers who took this course. In light of the findings, it was observed that the majority of the participants (98%) used positive metaphors about Web 2.0 applications, and 2% used negative metaphors. Metaphors were then classified into 7 categories and tables were created. Categories ‘Web 2.0 as a source and producer of information,’ ‘Web 2.0 as a measurement and evaluation tool,’ ‘Web 2.0 as an Innovation and Development Platform,’ ‘Web 2.0 as a social / fun environment,’ ‘Web as a helpful and supportive platform 2.0, ‘Web 2.0’ and ‘other’ as a stimulating and relaxing platform. The abstract is to be in fully-justified text. Use the word ‘Abstract’ as the title, in 11-point Times, bold, initially capitalized. The abstract is to be in 10-point, single-spaced type, and up to 200 words in length.
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Gooding, Piers, i Timothy Kariotis. "Ethics and Law in Research on Algorithmic and Data-Driven Technology in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review". JMIR Mental Health 8, nr 6 (10.06.2021): e24668. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24668.
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Background Uncertainty surrounds the ethical and legal implications of algorithmic and data-driven technologies in the mental health context, including technologies characterized as artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and other forms of automation. Objective This study aims to survey empirical scholarly literature on the application of algorithmic and data-driven technologies in mental health initiatives to identify the legal and ethical issues that have been raised. Methods We searched for peer-reviewed empirical studies on the application of algorithmic technologies in mental health care in the Scopus, Embase, and Association for Computing Machinery databases. A total of 1078 relevant peer-reviewed applied studies were identified, which were narrowed to 132 empirical research papers for review based on selection criteria. Conventional content analysis was undertaken to address our aims, and this was supplemented by a keyword-in-context analysis. Results We grouped the findings into the following five categories of technology: social media (53/132, 40.1%), smartphones (37/132, 28%), sensing technology (20/132, 15.1%), chatbots (5/132, 3.8%), and miscellaneous (17/132, 12.9%). Most initiatives were directed toward detection and diagnosis. Most papers discussed privacy, mainly in terms of respecting the privacy of research participants. There was relatively little discussion of privacy in this context. A small number of studies discussed ethics directly (10/132, 7.6%) and indirectly (10/132, 7.6%). Legal issues were not substantively discussed in any studies, although some legal issues were discussed in passing (7/132, 5.3%), such as the rights of user subjects and privacy law compliance. Conclusions Ethical and legal issues tend to not be explicitly addressed in empirical studies on algorithmic and data-driven technologies in mental health initiatives. Scholars may have considered ethical or legal matters at the ethics committee or institutional review board stage. If so, this consideration seldom appears in published materials in applied research in any detail. The form itself of peer-reviewed papers that detail applied research in this field may well preclude a substantial focus on ethics and law. Regardless, we identified several concerns, including the near-complete lack of involvement of mental health service users, the scant consideration of algorithmic accountability, and the potential for overmedicalization and techno-solutionism. Most papers were published in the computer science field at the pilot or exploratory stages. Thus, these technologies could be appropriated into practice in rarely acknowledged ways, with serious legal and ethical implications.
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Stecuła, Kinga, i Radosław Wolniak. "Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dissemination of Innovative E-Learning Tools in Higher Education in Poland". Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, nr 2 (10.05.2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8020089.
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The paper presents the results of the research on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dissemination of innovative e-learning tools in higher education. Research was carried out in Poland in December 2021 on a sample of 621 students. The main issue that was the subject of the author’s analysis was the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the change in the use of innovative e-learning tools in university education. After conducting the research and discussing this and related research about e-learning during the pandemic, it was concluded that the percentage of students familiar with the analyzed e-learning tools has increased significantly during the pandemic. There has been a visible rise, especially in the usage of the following tools: MS Teams, Zoom, and Google Classroom. The most frequently used e-learning tools during the COVID-19 pandemic have been mainly videoconferencing tools such as MS Teams and Zoom. However, students also have used e-learning platforms and e-mails. The author’s research identified three hidden factors (categories) of the used e-learning tools. They include the following categories: popular services and applications adapted to e-learning; popular applications for synchronous meetings adapted to e-learning; and other synchronous and asynchronous e-learning methods. The familiarity with information technology, as well as an interest in innovative e-learning tools, have positive influence on the ease of acquiring content in e-learning. Having the proper resources also positively influences the absorption of e-learning content. On the basis of the achieved results, the authors prepared a model of relations between students’ interest in innovative e-learning technology and the resources they possess to participate in e-learning classes. This model enables us to assess which method—e-learning, traditional or hybrid—should be used in the given situation. The developed model can be useful for universities. They can assess the students’ interest in innovative e-learning technologies and their level of technical resources using questionnaires and on this basis divide students into groups to prepare the optimal learning way—e-learning, traditional or hybrid.
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Zalewska-Turzyńska, Magdalena. "Can bots Support Employees in Lessening Digital Fatigue During e-Work: Research Results". European Conference on Knowledge Management 23, nr 2 (25.08.2022): 1251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.23.2.409.
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The pandemic situation has obliged organizations to shift all possible tasks to the Internet and to replace on-site work by its remote version. Without a preparation stage, companies were forced to adopt remote working at the individual-level and cloud computing at the organization level simultaneously. As a consequence, the accelerated shift toward digital work forced employees to rapidly learn how to use various ICT tools (which were not necessarily compatible with each other) and how to implement them into a daily routine.The protracted pandemic has led to many employees working from home, especially those doing knowledge-based work, and has often imposed remote work without the on-site option. This has led (and is still leading) to digital fatigue of workers (a phenomenon that negatively affects the performance of both the employee and the organization), the effects of which have already been named and described by scientists. One solution to unburden employees could be by relieving them from everyday, repetitive, and often tedious jobs By delegating these tasks to bots (especially those that may be subject to automation), it will enable employees to deal with more creative and knowledge-based tasks that require attention and do not cause the same level of fatigue and weariness. In this paper, the research question enquires whether there are commonplace digital processes in organizations that can be automated. If yes, then which technologies are used on a regular basis to automate the processes. The conducted literature review helped to distinguish three categories of standard digital processes suitable for automation – Information and Communication Technology (ICT) based processes (written and spoken), Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and processes of searching for specific information. The empirical research was conducted using the CATI questionnaire in 2020 on 400 organizations which use cloud computing for daily routines. The results indicate that the identified processes are indeed subject to automation, and organizations use bots for RPA most (27.5%), and voice chatbots least (3.75%). The use of bots is also shown to be statistically dependent on a company’s scope and size.
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Lehtiniemi, Pirjo, Sirpa Kokko, Erja Syrjäläinen i Päivi Palojoki. "Teachers’ experiences of using ICT in teaching practical skills in adult education". Techne serien - Forskning i slöjdpedagogik och slöjdvetenskap 30, nr 1 (8.03.2023): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/technea.4926.
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The aim of this research was to explore teachers’ experiences in using ICT (information and communication technology) as a pedagogical tool in the subject areas of craft education and home economics education in Finnish AECs (Adult Education Centres). We focused on teachers’ experiences of using ICT in teaching practical skills in these two subjects. Based on a sociocultural approach, teachers’ experiences were examined from the perspective of embodied, material and social mediation. The data were gathered just before the COVID-19 pandemic via an open online survey. There were 34 respondents from several parts of the country. The data were analysed according to the three categories of mediation revealing the benefits and restrictions of using ICT. Some teachers had experienced that utilising ICT supported learning practical skills while the others did not find it very useful. All the teachers stressed the importance of using the senses (touch, taste, smell) in learning practical skills which the ICT did not allow. The results provide a starting point for reflecting on the situation that arose in March 2020 when the pandemic started.Keywords: craft pedagogy, home economics pedagogy, adult education, ICT in teaching, learning of practical skills
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Gromakova, Viktoriya Georgievna. "Institutional transformation of society in the light of the sociosynergetic paradigm". Социодинамика, nr 4 (kwiecień 2023): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2023.4.37415.
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The object of theoretical research presented in this article is society as an open non-equilibrium system capable of self-organization. The subject of the study are the factors and driving forces of the institutional transformation of the societal system. The relevance of the study is justified by the prolonged transformational period in the life of Russian society, as well as the increasingly widespread socio-structural crisis phenomena in the world. The scientific problem is determined based on such well-known facts as the low predictability and manageability of the processes of institutional transformation, on the one hand, and the need to reduce the risks associated with them, on the other. Accordingly, the question is raised about the mechanism of institutional transformation, which is proposed to be considered using the principles and provisions of sociosynergetics as a methodological basis. The main element of novelty in this article is the synthesis of neoinstitutional theory with the provisions of sociosynergetics. The study analyzes the process of institutional transformation from the standpoint of the sociosynergetic concept using such categories as energy dissipation, entropy, stationary and nonequilibrium state in their social expression. The characteristics of the evolutionary and crisis stages in the development of the institutional system are given. Attention is focused on the risks of the transformation period and the relationship of its results with the previous period of stability. As a result of the conducted research , the author formulates the following conclusions:1) Subjects of social relations act in accordance with the principle of minimum energy dissipation, as a result of which the foundations of any new order are laid in fluctuations of the previous structure.2) The course of the crisis (transformational) process is adversely affected by both excessive control actions aimed at preserving the previous order, and premature and ill-conceived reforms.3) The prolonged transformation threatens the complete degradation of the societal system due to the depletion of resources needed to reduce entropy.
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Makarov, V. O. "Legal status of non-fungible tokens (NFT): current state and prospects of legal regulation". Law Enforcement Review 7, nr 2 (22.06.2023): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2023.7(2).144-152.
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The subject. The paper considers the legal status of non-fungible tokens – a technology that allows to secure and confirm the possession of a certificate that refers to a specific digital object, based on a distributed ledger (blockchain).The purpose of the article is to research the current state of the legal status of NFTs in the Russian Federation, as well as to determine the applicability of the current Russian legislation to NFTs.The research methodology is based on the application of methods of systemic and structural analysis, formal logic, as well as methods of legal forecasting and interpretation of legal norms.The results. There is a lack of comprehensive studies on this issue in legal science. The value of NFT is substantiated through the categories of "rivalrousness" and "scarcity". The process of creating NFT - "mint", that is, the tokenization of a digital object, is described. The legal status of NFT is investigated, as a result of which it is concluded that the token is not equivalent to a digital object, but rather acts as a custodian of information about this object.Taking into account, firstly, the independent nature of the NFT, which is not only a digital copy of the original work, secondly, the vast scope of utilitarian application and, thirdly, its independent commercial value, it is indicated that in the perspective of the development of legislation and judicial practice, NFT should be regarded as an independent digital asset, the rights to which are subject to legal protection.Conclusions. At present, Russian legislation does not contain a legal structure suitable for NFTs. The problems of using NFT are highlighted, including the "tokenization" of other people's works, interference in the operation of trading platforms using technical vulnerabilities, as well as fraud. Since NFT can confirm not only the right of ownership, but also represent any subjective right, it is assumed that this technology can be used to maintain decentralized blockchain registries of real estate, shares, members of the society, vote in elections, as well as to verify identity, while simultaneously ensuring the protection of personal data.
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Tubis, Agnieszka A., i Juni Rohman. "Intelligent Warehouse in Industry 4.0—Systematic Literature Review". Sensors 23, nr 8 (19.04.2023): 4105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23084105.
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The development of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and the digitization and automation of manufacturing processes have created a demand for designing smart warehouses to support manufacturing processes. Warehousing is one of the fundamental processes in the supply chain, and is responsible for handling inventory. Efficient execution of warehouse operations often determines the effectiveness of realized goods flows. Therefore, digitization and its use in exchanging information between partners, especially real-time inventory levels, is critical. For this reason, the digital solutions of Industry 4.0 have quickly found application in internal logistics processes and enabled the design of smart warehouses, also known as Warehouse 4.0. The purpose of this article is to present the results of the conducted review of publications on the design and operation of warehouses using the concepts of Industry 4.0. A total of 249 documents from the last 5 years were accepted for analysis. Publications were searched for in the Web of Science database using the PRISMA method. The article presents in detail the research methodology and the results of the biometric analysis. Based on the results, a two-level classification framework was proposed, which includes 10 primary categories and 24 subcategories. Each of the distinguished categories was characterized based on the analyzed publications. It should be noted that in most of these studies, the authors’ attention primarily focused on the implementation of (1) Industry 4.0 technological solutions, such as IoT, augmented reality, RFID, visual technology, and other emerging technologies; and (2) autonomous and automated vehicles in warehouse operations processes. Critical analysis of the literature also allowed us to identify the current research gaps, which will be the subject of further research by the authors.
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Tabucol, Johnnidel, Vera Geertruida Maria Kooiman, Marco Leopaldi, Tommaso Maria Brugo, Ruud Adrianus Leijendekkers, Gregorio Tagliabue, Vishal Raveendranathan i in. "The Functionality Verification through Pilot Human Subject Testing of MyFlex-δ: An ESR Foot Prosthesis with Spherical Ankle Joint". Applied Sciences 12, nr 9 (30.04.2022): 4575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094575.
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Most biomechanical research has focused on level-ground walking giving less attention to other conditions. As a result, most lower limb prosthesis studies have focused on sagittal plane movements. In this paper, an ESR foot is presented, of which five different stiffnesses were optimized for as many weight categories of users. It is characterized by a spherical ankle joint, with which, combined with the elastic elements, the authors wanted to create a prosthesis that gives the desired stiffness in the sagittal plane but at the same time, gives flexibility in the other planes to allow the adaptation of the foot prosthesis to the ground conditions. The ESR foot was preliminarily tested by participants with transfemoral amputation. After a brief familiarization with the device, each participant was asked to wear markers and to walk on a sensorized treadmill to measure their kinematics and kinetics. Then, each participant was asked to leave feedback via an evaluation questionnaire. The measurements and feedback allowed us to evaluate the performance of the prosthesis quantitatively and qualitatively. Although there were no significant improvements on the symmetry of the gait, due also to very limited familiarization time, the participants perceived an improvement brought by the spherical ankle joint.
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Han, Sungho, Gwang Min Yoo i Sunjoo Kwak. "’A Comparative Analysis of Regional Innovation Characteristics Using an Innovation Actor Framework". Science, Technology and Society 23, nr 1 (17.01.2018): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721817744458.
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Knowledge, a fundamental component of innovation, expands more effectively when innovation actors are in geographical proximity to each other. Innovation in each region is driven by innovation actors, and thus, the innovation capability of a region is directly linked to the activities of innovation actors in that region. In keeping with this perspective, this study was conducted in order to present the characteristics of the cross-regional innovation capability using an analytical framework of regional innovation actors, such as research institutes, technology intermediaries, universities and firms. In order to analyse the position of each Korean region’s innovation actors, this study classified research subjects from the 2013 National Research and Development Investment Program Information into seven sub-categories and utilised them as the data for the analysis. Multiple factor analysis (MFA), which compresses the various indices effectively, was applied in order to classify the regions that have similar innovation actors into a small number of categories. Based on the factors derived from MFA, the innovation characteristics of sixteen regions were examined. The results showed that the innovation actors differ across regions, although Seoul, Gyeonggi and Daejeon are ahead of all other regions in terms of innovation activity. The policy implications of this analysis are as follows: first, the imbalance in the innovation capabilities among regions must be improved. Second, differentiated regional innovation policies are required because the innovator actors who lead regional innovation differ from region to region.
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Gelen, İsmail. "Education Viruses That Agonizing Education Systems Components". World Journal of Education 10, nr 6 (20.12.2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v10n6p97.
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The purpose of the research is to define the factors that negatively affect education and learning process. Descriptive content analysis, one of the non-interactive qualitative research designs, was used to analyze the data. The analyses were conducted in six stages. First, aim, subject, and research questions were determined. Literature review was done according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature was read, the literature tags were created in the form of a table, the codes, categories, themes were created inductively according to the descriptive content analysis, and finally, analysis, association, interpretation, signification, and reporting were made. To this aim, 238 research conducted between 2014 and 2018 were jointly investigated within the framework of determined criteria. Correlation between raters was determined as rp= 0.94. According to the obtained results, variables that negatively affect learning related to technology and media may be indicated as phone, tablet, computer, game, internet, cartoons, social media, television, and TV series. Private teaching institutions and central examinations that negatively affect teaching are among the variables related to exams. Negative and disruptive factors arising from the school, education system, and educational practices; assignments, disconnection from real life, discipline problems, legislation and procedures, teaching practices that do not change or be updated, and a low possibility for failing a class are educational fashions. Addiction related viruses such as drugs, technology addiction, smoking habits affect education negatively. Obesity and excessive consumption culture and unhealthy nutrition problems that are health-related problems are also observed. Violence, swearing, using slang words, peer bullying, moral collapse, noise pollution, and problems stemming from ignoring others are the problems arising from all kinds of school environments.
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Lodygina, Polina A. "Scientific-Research Potential of the National Librarianship and Book Industry". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 71, nr 1 (23.03.2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2022-71-1-21-31.
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2021 was declared the Year of Science and Technology by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 812 of December 25, 2020. The main purpose of its holding is the development of science and technology in our country. Support and improvement of the effectiveness of scientific research are directly related to libraries — scientific-research institutions. Within the framework of the Year of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation resumed the All-Russian competition of scientific works in the area of library science, bibliography and book studies, which took place in 1978—2014. The competition has established itself as one of the most effective methods of evaluating and encouraging the results of research work in librarianship. In 2021, it was organized and conducted by the National Library of Russia and the Russian State Library. On November 18, 2021, within the framework of the Annual Meeting of the Heads of federal and central regional libraries of Russia, the solemn awarding of the winners took place.In 2021, the jury of the competition considered 105 works (42 — in library science, 17 — in bibliography, 22 — in book studies, 24 works related to other categories). 150 authors from 41 subjects of the Russian Federation presented their works.The article presents in tabular form the winners in six nominations (“Best scientific work in the field of library science”; “Best scientific work in the field of bibliography science”; “Best scientific work in the field of book studies”; “Best scientific multimedia project”; “Best scientific work of regional libraries”; “Best scientific work of young specialist under the age of 35”). The article also presents the winners in additional nominations established by national libraries.The competition has shown significant scientific-research potential; and the materials presented are of great importance not only for the development of libraries and the branch as a whole, but also largely serve to solve social and humanitarian problems set out in the “Fundamentals of State Cultural Policy”, established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 808 of December 24, 2014.It is advisable to consider the holding of the All-Russian competition of scientific papers in library science, bibliography and book studies in conjunction with other major scientific events in the library field that took place in 2021: publication of the collective monograph “Scientific research in libraries: topics, organization, presentation of results” and the International scientific and Practical Conference “Library science in the XXI century: content, organization, digitalization and scientometrics”. These events contributed to the support and development of science in librarianship in the framework of implementation of the “Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”.
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Palazzo, M., D. Conti, A. Galbassini, T. G. Prodi, M. Cerioli i D. Bernardo. "Telepsychiatry: the use of technology to improve access to mental health care". European Psychiatry 66, S1 (marzec 2023): S525—S526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1114.
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IntroductionTelepsychiatry (TP) uses communication technology to provide psychiatric consultation to patients unable to reach consultation services. Due to COVID-19 outbreak, many mental health services implemented TP. The University of Milan developed a patient-specialist video consultation service: the Cure Ospedaliere Domiciliari (Home Hospital Care system; COD20).ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the digital skills of the mental health professionals and to assess both the confidence and the satisfaction with the COD20 platform, as well as their skills in handling certain degrees of technostress.MethodsMental health professionals of the outpatient clinics of the department were interviewed through an online anonymous survey. Data collected were sociodemographic, job position, educational level, digital skills, adequacy of devices in the workplace, satisfaction degree, ease of use of the COD20 tool, as well as main technostress score. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.27.ResultsAmong 95 subjects, more than 95% of the sample is familiar with the use of electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and computers; 93% employs appropriate devices in the workplace. Only 12% had an ECDL certificate, while the majority of the sample (77%) learnt the use of electronic devices independently. The levels of the digital skills were considered intermediate-advanced for communication and information research. Despite all the respondents being aware of the use of COD20, only 50% received adequate training; 77% deemed it worthwhile to attend an individual or a group training (40% vs 43%). Telemedicine was used for clinical interviews by 80% of the sample: 41% of these used Telemedicine at least 10 times/year, 18% between 10 and 20 times/year, and 42% more than 20 times/year. With regard to the appreciation of the COD20 platform, 75% of the sample considered this tool useful, while 61% considered it easy to use. There is a significant correlation between the ease of use and a higher level of education (p<0,00). Among all categories, psychologists were more likely to use the platform compared to other workers ( p=0,016). The average score of technostress among operators was 22.78±6.84 (maximum score: 45).Image:Image 2:ConclusionsTP can improve mental health professionals’ working conditions. The COD20 platform represents a valid implementation in mental health care. It is necessary to provide training and updated programs for healthcare workers in order to facilitate the use of TP tools.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Tandika, Pambas Basil, i Laurent Gabriel Ndijuye. "Pre-primary teachers’ preparedness in integrating information and communication technology in teaching and learning in Tanzania". Information and Learning Sciences 121, nr 1/2 (17.11.2019): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-01-2019-0009.
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Purpose Integration and use of technology in teaching and learning in the education sector from pre-primary education (PPE) to the higher levels of education, is a policy issue. In developed countries, including Tanzania, information and communication technology (ICT), especially in PPE, is inadequately researched for laying evidence on its applicability in instruction and learning. Therefore, this paper aims to determine pre-primary teachers’ preparedness in integrating ICT in classroom instruction and challenges teachers face in integrating it for child’s meaningful learning. Design/methodology/approach Methods and instruments: a qualitative transcendental phenomenological approach was used in determining teachers’ preparedness in integrating ICT in PPE in Tanzania. It was further used to collect data that describe the teaching and learning through the integration of ICT in every session as their lived experience for pre-primary teachers. Its selection was appropriate as it allowed researchers to systematically analyse for description the commonalities and differences existing among the involved teachers in integrating ICT in teaching and learning as their lived experiences (Moerer-Urdahl and Creswell, 2004). To appropriately analyse teachers’ understanding and experiences regarding ICT and its integration in teaching and learning in pre-primary classes, semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires were used for in-depth understanding of the study problem. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data through open-ended questions where researchers took an average of 40 min per session with participants’ (teachers) using notebooks to take note of their thoughts, feelings and beliefs about ICT integration in PPE. Use of the semi-structured interview was based on the reality that it provides in-depth information pertaining to participants’ experiences and viewpoints of a particular topic (Turner, 2010). Once the interview session was complete, each teacher was given a questionnaire to fill in for triangulating their experiences. Description of participants: a total of 14 schools constituting 28 teachers were purposively sampled and engaged in this study. Analysis of participants’ demographic characteristics indicates that all of the involved teachers had certificate in teacher education that qualified them as primary school teachers. Meanwhile, 18 (66.7 per cent) of the pre-primary school teachers who were involved in this study were female with only 10 (33.3 per cent) had working experience at and above five years of teaching in early grade classes. Study participants (teachers) from Itilima and Meatu Districts were purposively involved in the study as their experiences in young children’s learning and contextual influences (educational and training policy of 2014, the ICT policy of 2007, and foreign studies) are potential in improving the quality of learning. Study area: the current study was conducted in two districts (Itilima and Meatu) all found in Simiyu region. The two districts were selected and considered appropriate by the study as they constituted the 17 most disadvantaged rural areas in Tanzania (Mosha et al., 2015). Authors describe the two districts as having poor educational outcomes mainly relatively low pass rates in the primary school leaving examination results. In Itilima, one ward out of 22 was studied in which its six schools [with a total of 12 teachers] among 87 schools in the district were involved. While in Meatu district, eight of 121 schools [with a total of 16 teachers] in one ward of 29 wards were studied. This implies that a total of 14 schools and 28 teachers were involved in this study. Data analysis: the data collected through the interviews and open-ended questionnaires were subjected to content analysis procedures (reading and re-reading notes and transcripts followed by a three-steps-coding process consisting of open, axial and selective coding procedures). The analysis process was informed by the Vagle’s (2014) six steps for phenomenological research data analysis procedure (holistic reading of the entire text, first line-by-line reading, follow up questions, second line-by-line reading, third line-by-line reading, and subsequent readings). Practically, the researchers read and re-read the texts and transcribed data from the language used during data collection that is Kiswahili, into the reporting language that is English. Following transcription, data were coded for developing categories of data through axial and elective coding processes. Findings The data analysis was conducted and results and its discussion are presented in three sub-sections: preparedness of teachers in using ICT in teaching and learning; teachers’ views about the integration of ICT in teaching and learning; and challenges faced by teachers in integrating ICT in teaching and learning. Teacher’s preparedness in the use of ICT in teaching: exploration of teachers’ preparedness in integrating ICT in teaching and learning was preceded by exploration of teachers’ understanding of ICT in teaching and learning. Analysis revealed that majority of teachers were aware about ICT in teaching and learning and they understood it as the implementation of curriculum at school level that involves use of ICT-based facilities such as television, mobile phones, computer and radio. Teacher elaborated that appropriate use of ICT-based facilities that would later develop children to potentially improve their understanding and practical application in daily life. Other teachers understood ICT in teaching and learning as use of printed materials [newspapers and magazines] in facilitating pupil’s learning of planned lessons. While other teachers were aware of what ICT means the second category of teachers as noted in their responses, had limited understanding, as to them, ICT in education meant use of printed materials. Difference in teachers’ understanding of the ICT in teaching and learning also indicate some teachers viewing it as use of ICT facilities in developing children’s competencies in the specific subject. In the teachers’ views, ICT is considered as subject content and they delimited their understanding into that perspective ignoring it as technological use for facilitating meaningful learning in all subjects. Their views are based on the development of children with competencies useful in facilitating further learning in the subject known as Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano. Following the question based on exploring teachers’ understanding of ICT in teaching and learning, researchers explored teachers’ preparedness in using ICT in teaching and learning. Table 1.0 illustrates teachers’ multiple responses regarding their preparation. Table I: teacher’s preparedness in using ICT in teaching and learning. S/N; preparedness; freq; and per cent. Enhancing child’s understanding on the use of ICT-based facilities-20, 71.4; using remedial sessions teaching ICT-12, 42.8; using ICT-based facilities for teaching other classes-8, 28.5. Table 1.0 illustrates that teachers are prepared to enable children use ICT to access information and more knowledge related to their school subjects and general life. They were of the view that ICT could serve well in areas where text and supplementary books are scares or torn-out by pupils because were poorly bound or due to poor quality of papers used. Therefore, availability of ICT facilities in schools would become important resource-materials for pupils, as well as teachers. For instance, a teacher said that; Availability of ICT facilities, such as computers in schools will help us in preparing notes or content for supplementing their learning. Different from the paper-based notes, computers will keep our notes properly compared to the papers that get easily displaced and hard to retrieve notes when lost (Interview, 20 April 2016). In addition to the use of ICT facilities in serving as resource material, their use in schools would aid pupils and teachers to use them beyond teaching and learning. Teachers narrated that children may find games and puzzles that all help in stimulating their thinking, hence interest in schooling and further learning. Teachers also said they are prepared to use even extra hours that are beyond school timetable to ensure children learn well to meet the uncovered periods once facilities are placed in school. Use of extra hours beyond the normal school timetable comm. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to the accessed and involved schools as some schools were found to have no specific teachers teaching a pre-primary class on reasons the responsible teacher for the class had retired. As a result, researchers spend extended time to travel and reach schools that were located far from one school to the other. Again, some teachers were reluctant in participation on reasons that researchers are evaluating their competency for reporting to the higher authorities. Practical implications Differences in teachers’ understanding of the ICT in teaching and learning also indicate some teachers viewing it as the use of ICT facilities in developing pupils’ competencies in the specific subject. In the teachers’ views, ICT is considered as subject content and they delimited their understanding into that perspective ignoring it as technological use for facilitating meaningful learning in all subjects. Effective integration of ICT for efficiency in instruction depends on the teacher’s preparedness especially competency in using the equipments and infrastructures especially electric power. Social implications Integration of Information and Communication Technology in teaching and learning in PPE is socially important in the view that all children regardless of their background (urban or rural, affluent or poor) benefits in learning through use of technology. The children’s access to education integrating ICT would ensure equal opportunities for quality learning outcomes. In contrast, lack of exposing young children early in using ICT facilities for interaction and learning would adversely impact their participation in knowledge sharing in later years of schooling and employability opportunities. Originality/value There is limited empirical evidence about teachers' engagement in research particularly in PPE in Tanzania. Together with limited research in the level of education, this study is the original contribution to state of teachers at the school level about their engagement in integrating information and communication technology for informing education decision makers and administrators on matters of focus to improve educational instruction and implementation of Tanzania education and training policy, as well as the implementation of the ICT policy of 2016.
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Huang, Miao Ling, Tsai Chi Kuo, Chiu Hsiang Joe Lin i Yu Yen Lo. "Study of Environmental Performance of Taiwan’s Manufacturing Industry". Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (listopad 2016): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.359.
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Resource restrictions and carbon restrictions are posing a challenge to corporate sustainable development. Therefore, enterprises will be able to become more competitive by enhancing their research and development of green technology as well as environmental performance. Taiwan is a high-tech island featuring the highly-intensive manufacturing, and Taiwan’s manufacturing industry is actively developing the green management. This study proposed the environmental performance indicators integrating five aspects: green product design, green product recycling, green manufacturing management, environmental protection and environmental management. A total of 239 valid questionnaires, collected from various manufacturing industries, were the research subjects to investigate their environmental performance. The study found respondents performed the best in environmental protection while the worst in green product recycling, and especially got the lowest score in the “Using biodegradable materials” indicator. The environmental performances of research subjects were positively correlated to their enterprise scales. However, the environmental performances of various industry categories showed no significant differences between with each other. The overall environmental performances of the enterprises that implemented ISO 14001 and 14064 certifications were significantly higher than those without certifications. These results indicate that the environmental management system could improve the environmental performance in manufacturing industry.
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LIUBETSKA, Viktoriia V., i Yulia G. SHAHINA. "TEXT-CENTRIC PRINCIPLE AS BASIC OF EDUCATION FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS OF THE HUMANITIES". Мова, nr 37 (13.07.2022): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4558.2022.37.261459.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The article highlights text-centric principle as one of the main ones to form professional communicative competence of foreign students of humanities in the process of learning Ukrainian as a foreign language. The relevance of this scientific research is confirmed by the lack of a large number of studies on the problem of effective use of educational texts of different styles and genres in the study of Ukrainian as a foreign language. The aim of the study is to outline the structure of educational texts on the Ukrainian language as a foreign language by their levels of complexity and subject matter (situational and thematic minimum, everyday subject matter, social life and culture, local lore and scientific subject matter) are outlined. The creation of a comprehensive system of tasks for working with literary texts in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language by foreign students of humanities is substantiated. To effectively use text-centric principle, it is necessary to consider the following tasks: study the communicative needs of different categories of foreign students in accordance with different models of language learning; mastering language and speech knowledge by foreign students of humanities, formation of abilities and skills communicatively expedient to use means of language in the course of communication; formation of foreign students' skills and abilities of independent educational activity, ability to learn to learn, to improve the cognitive-operational component of speech activity as a means of comprehensive personal development; formation of humanistic worldview, formation of skills of intercultural communication, education of tolerant attitude to representatives of other cultures; fostering respect for the Ukrainian people, Ukrainian culture; formation of social problems critical comprehension skills, building awareness of life values. The methodological basis of the study are the basic provisions of the theory of cognition, text, speech activity. Important research methods are the analysis of domestic literature on methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language; description of the principles, methods and technologies of teaching the Ukrainian language to foreign students of humanities. The authors conclude that the process of learning Ukrainian as a foreign language is aimed to form elements of the following competencies: linguistic – mastering the basic knowledges in communicating on Ukrainian; as a foreign language is based on a number of components, among which there are multifaceted educational texts and their appropriate usage.
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Purge, Anna Rolandovna. "Legal construction as a category of cybernetic method of cognition of law". Право и политика, nr 6 (czerwiec 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2023.6.40900.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The object of the study is social relations, the regulation of which is carried out by establishing a legal structure. The subject of the research is the legal concepts of legal science, which allow designing and using cybernetic categories of modeling legal situations and phenomena in the legal field. The concept of legal construction is the result of applying a certain cybernetic method of cognition of law. One of the methods related to the tools of this method is the method of modeling. In other words, a legal construction is a model obtained as a result of applying a cybernetic modeling method to a public relation (or rather, to the method of legal regulation of this type of public relations). Among the methodological problems of the modern general theory of law, the problem of legal discourse stands out, i.e. the practical language spoken by law (the language of legal constructions), and the theoretical language in which they talk about law (the language of legal concepts). On the other hand, modern law-making activity requires the use of a variety of methods of legal regulation, the improvement of legal technology, allowing the best way to express the will of the legislator, contributing to the simplification and acceleration of the implementation and application of law. Such legal means include legal constructions. The paper substantiates the approach according to which the concept of legal construction is the result of applying a certain cybernetic method of cognition of law.
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Vassilakaki, Evgenia, i Valentini Moniarou-Papaconstantinou. "A systematic literature review informing library and information professionals’ emerging roles". New Library World 116, nr 1/2 (12.01.2015): 37–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-05-2014-0060.
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Purpose – This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the specific roles information professionals have adopted in the past 14 years. It aims to identify the roles reported in the literature concerning developments in the Library and Information Science (LIS) profession. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopted the method of systematic review. Searches were conducted in February and March 2014 on different LIS databases. From a total of 600 papers, 114 were selected, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A thorough full-text analysis of the papers revealed six roles that librarians have adopted: teachers, technology specialists, embedded librarians, information consultants, knowledge managers and subject librarians. Findings – New and evolving roles were identified, mainly in the context of academic libraries. Librarians’ educational responsibilities and their active involvement in the learning and research process were highlighted in all role categories identified. Collaboration among faculty and librarians was reported as a way of ensuring successful instruction. Librarians’ personal views of their new and emerging roles were more frequently reported; further research is needed to shed light on academics, students and other users’ perceptions of librarians’ engagement in the learning process. Research limitations – The study considered only peer-reviewed papers published between 2000 and 2014 in English. It focused on information professionals’ roles and not on librarians’ skills and their changing professional responsibilities. Originality/value – This review paper considers the development of the LIS profession in a changing environment and offers an understanding of the future direction of the LIS profession.
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Haji Karimian, Saeed, Jasper Mbachu, Temitope Egbelakin i Wajiha Shahzad. "Improving efficiency in roading projects: a New Zealand study". Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, nr 5 (17.06.2019): 827–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-02-2018-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key productivity constraints faced by New Zealand (NZ) road pavement maintenance and rehabilitation contractors (RPMRCs) and the associated mitigation measures. Design/methodology/approach Interview-based exploratory research strategy was used to survey senior managers and directors of medium- to large-sized road contracting firms in NZ. Empirical data were analyzed using the multi-attribute analytical technique. Findings Results revealed 70 productivity constraints faced by the RPMRCs in NZ; in diminishing order of influence, these constraints were aggregated into eight broad categories as follows: finance, workforce, technology/process, statutory/regulatory compliance, project characteristics, project management/project team characteristics, unforeseen circumstances and other/external factors. The most important constraints in each of the eight broad categories were presented. Research limitations/implications The key limitation of the research is that it was based on feedback from a limited number of participants which were less than the minimum required to represent the views of the potential participants in the sampling frame for the study. As a result, the findings may not be reliably generalized beyond the scope of the data used. Further research on the subject is recommended to ensure that the representation of the views of the individuals and companies that comprised the sampling frame is achieved. The current findings could be formulated as propositions or hypotheses to be tested in future confirmatory research. Practical implications At the industry level, the findings could provide the basis for the skill development programs of the NZ RPMRCs. The application of the research findings by the RPMRCs and consultants could result in significant improvement in the productivity of the NZ roading sector and the sector’s enhanced contribution to the economy. Originality/value Currently, there is little research on the priority constraints to productivity and performance in the NZ roading sector. The findings contribute to knowledge by revealing critical factors constraining productivity performance of the NZ RMRCs and the associated improvement measures. New and more enriching viewpoints were provided on how contractors could leverage their limited resources to address the identified key constraints.
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Homberg, Fabian, i Rick Vogel. "Human resource management (HRM) and public service motivation (PSM)". International Journal of Manpower 37, nr 5 (1.08.2016): 746–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-05-2016-0120.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the special issue on public service motivation (PSM) and human resource management (HRM). The authors analyse and review how the literatures on HRM and PSM relate to each other. Design/methodology/approach – The paper combines two complementary studies: a bibliometric analysis of the interrelationships between the two literatures and a meta-analysis of the impact of HR practices on PSM. Findings – Although HRM is among the core subject categories to which the literature on PSM refers, the pre-eminence of HR topics self-reported by PSM researchers indicates large room for further transfer. Intrinsic HR practices show positive and significant effects on PSM, while no such association was found for extrinsic HR practices. Originality/value – The editorial is a complement to a recent bibliometric review of PSM research, focusing more particularly on the interrelationships with HRM and applying hitherto unused techniques. It is also the first meta-analysis of the association between HR practices and PSM.
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Sheldrake, Merlin. "The ‘enigma’ of Richard Schultes, Amazonian hallucinogenic plants, and the limits of ethnobotany". Social Studies of Science 50, nr 3 (6.05.2020): 345–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312720920362.
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This story is about the twentieth-century ethnobotanist, Richard Evans Schultes (1915–2001), and his research on hallucinogenic plants. Ethnobotany can contribute directly to science and technology studies in that the discipline makes cultural ways of knowing its scientific subject. Ethnobotanists must learn about plants through people, and are not able to conceal their interactions with indigenous informants and other ethnobotanists. I focus on an ‘enigma’ that Schultes presented, concerning the peculiar ability of indigenous Amazonians to distinguish between local varieties of vine that he was unable to tell apart, notably those used to prepare the hallucinogenic beverage ayahuasca. The enigma describes a complicated and irresolvable question thrown up at the uneasy intersection between different ways of knowing about the world, and shows how modern scientific travellers might navigate – or fail to navigate – the uncertain passage between them. Together with Schultes’s accounts of his own non-ordinary states of consciousness elicited by ayahuasca, and his writings on the Victorian botanist Richard Spruce, I chart an epistemological gulf between Schultes’s modern scientific cosmology and that of his Amazonian informants. In describing his inability to learn about the ayahuasca varieties from Amazonians, Schultes’s enigma traces the very limits of the ethnobotanical discipline and reveals the fragility of the processes by which scientific naturalists might impose categories such as ‘nature’ and ‘culture’.
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Rohmah, Riska Nur, i Wahyu Setyaningrum. "Learning Mathematics Through Videos Lines and Angles: How to Analyze Students' Understanding of Mathematical Concepts?" JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika) 6, nr 2 (12.04.2022): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v6i2.7403.
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The use of technology through learning videos has a high-quality impact on students' understanding of mathematical concepts. However, the facts show that the use of learning videos has not been fully utilized, especially in the lines and angles material. The purpose of this research is to determine and describe students' understanding on lines and angles concepts through the use of instructional videos. This study is a qualitative descriptive approach which employed interviews of students' conceptual understanding after their taking a test. This research involved two seventh-grade students of a junior high schools in Tulungagung, namely AL and YL. Both research subjects have studied the material of lines and angles in mathematics learning through the use of mathematics learning videos. The two students in this study were also students with high learning achievement categories. The results obtained from this study stated that the average ability of students to understand mathematical concepts was 80 out of a maximum score of 100 which can be categorized a good level of conceptual understanding. This implies that mathematics learning videos can be used as an alternative for teachers and other researchers in conveying material, and training students' abilities in understanding mathematical concepts, especially lines and angles material. As for further research, students' ability to understand mathematical concepts can be supported by using worksheets, media, or other learning approaches on lines and angles material.
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Ullrich, Sebastian, i Christian Boris Brunner. "Negative online consumer reviews: effects of different responses". Journal of Product & Brand Management 24, nr 1 (16.03.2015): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-05-2014-0611.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the effects of different response options to a negative consumer review. When consumers buy online, they are often confronted with consumer reviews. A negative consumer review on an online shopping website may keep consumers from buying the product. Therefore, negative online consumer reviews are a serious problem for brands. Design/methodology/approach – In an online experiment of 446 participants, different response options towards a negative consumer review on an online shopping website were examined. The experimental data were analysed with linear regression models using product purchase intentions as the outcome variable. Findings – The results indicate that a positive customer review counteracts a negative consumer review more effectively than a positive brand response, whereas brand strength moderates this relationship. Including a reference to an independent, trusted source in a brand or a customer response is only a limited strategy for increasing the effectiveness of a response. Research limitations/implications – Additional research on other product categories and with subjects other than students is suggested to validate the findings. In future research, multiple degrees of the phrasing’s strength of the reference could be used. Practical implications – Assuming high quality products, brands should encourage their customers to write reviews. Strong brands can also reassure consumers by responding, whereas weak brands cannot. Originality/value – This research contributes to the online consumer reviews literature with new insights about the role of brand strength and referencing to an independent, trusted source.
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Afifah, Nur, i Atik Wintarti. "Development of Android-Based Learning Media on Operations of Integers". MATHEdunesa 12, nr 1 (12.01.2023): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/mathedunesa.v12n1.p41-54.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The ongoing digitalizing education makes the use of technology is necessary to develop the learning media. Therefore, this research describes the development process of android-based learning media with the ADDIE model and find out the validity and practicality of it. The material is operations of integers because it’s a prerequisite for many other mathematics material. The research subjects were nine 7th-grade students in SMPN 5 Jombang since they had never been given the kind of math learning media based on Android in that school. They were consist of three categories of low, medium, and high mathematical ability to determine whether all types of students can understand the presence of media to achieve their learning mastery. The data analyzed using qualitative descriptive and quantitative data analysis techniques. The result of this research and development are : 1) The Android-based learning media called Math Moist; 2) The learning media is very valid based on the results of media and material validation with a validity percentage of 83.541%; 3) The media is very practical based on the student's response questionnaire scores, with a percentage of practicality is 88.7301%; 4) Based on the result of learning outcomes test, 8 of the 9 research subjects have completed learning after using media.
Keywords: development, media, android-based, ADDIE, integer.
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Reformat, Beata. "Towards change – from classical to contemporary approaches and classification of innovation". Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2023, nr 170 (2023): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.170.27.
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Purpose: The aim of this paper is to capture the changes taking place in terms of capturing innovations, as well as the types of innovations emerging from them, characteristic of two research streams: classical and contemporary. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology applied in the article refers to the methodological canon of management sciences, including, among others, conceptual- theoretical research methodology. On their basis, a critical analysis of foreign and Polish literature on the subject in the field of management science, partly marketing and economics, was carried out. At the same time, a descriptive method and a comparative method were used to interpret and analyze the collected material. Findings: Significant changes taking place in the definition and classification of innovations by selected representatives of the studied currents were recognized. Significant factors causing these changes were identified, as well as the new values that appear in them. On this basis, it was shown that the understanding of innovation is significantly expanded over the years, because of which it should be considered incomplete. This justifies the continuing need to analyze emerging approaches and types of innovation. Research limitations/implications: The analysis of the subject matter in the proposed methodological approach makes it possible to systematize the knowledge of innovation in terms of defining the category "innovation" and its typology. Thus, it increases the recognition of the changes that accompany them. The important role of the factor of time, environment, information technology, values, and new needs of the recipients of innovations in the studied process is recognized. Originality/value: Deepening and updating the knowledge of defining categories of innovation and their classification. Evaluation of progressive changes in the scope of the concepts studied. Keywords: innovation, change, development, classifications of innovation. Category of the paper: A literature review.
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DuBroy, Michelle. "Valued Academic Library Services Are Not Necessarily the Ones That Are Used Most Frequently, Students’ Service and Social Media Communication Priorities Should Also Be Considered". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, nr 3 (13.09.2018): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29463.
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A Review of:
Stvilia, B., & Gibradze, L. (2017). Examining undergraduate students' priorities for academic library services and social media communication. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 43(3), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2017.02.013
Abstract
Objective – To examine how undergraduate students rate the importance of different categories of library services and library social media postings.
Design – Online survey.
Setting – Large research university in the United States.
Subjects – 159 undergraduate students enrolled in 3 information technology classes.
Methods – Participants were asked to rate the importance of different library service categories on a 7-point Likert scale. The library service categories were (1) access to information and computer resources, (2) study support services, (3) support for club meetings, and (4) Q&A services. Participants were also asked to rate the importance of nine different categories of library social media postings, also on a 7-point Likert scale. The categories of social media postings were (1) event, (2) resources, (3) community building, (4) operations updates, (5) study support, (6) Q&A, (7) survey, (8) staff, and (9) club. Students were also asked to identify which library services they currently use.
Main Results – Validly submitted surveys totaled 104 (response rate 65%). Respondents rated access to information and computer resources (M=5.9) and study support services (M=5.9) as being of the highest importance, with no statistically significant difference being found between these ratings. Respondents rated Q&A services (mean not reported) and support for club meetings (M=4.8) as being of significantly lower importance than the baseline (access information and computer resources). In terms of service usage, using the library to study (87%) and to access information and computer resources (59%), were the top two most reportedly used services.
Respondents rated social media postings relating to operations updates (M=5.6), study support (M=5.5) and events (M=5.4) as being of highest importance, with no significant difference between the ratings of these three categories. Respondents rated all other categories of social media postings (survey, M=4.7; staff, M=4.4; means for remaining categories not reported) as being of significantly less importance than the baseline (operations updates). For just over half the social media posting categories (5/9, 56%) importance rankings found in this study agree with engagement rankings the authors found in a previous study (Stvilia & Gibradze, 2014).
Conclusion – The results of this study suggested frequency of use alone cannot be used to determine the value students place on a library’s services, as students may perceive equal value in services they use at different frequencies. The authors, therefore, argued there is a strong need to inexpensively predict users’ perceptions of service value without relying on usage metrics alone. Because a level of agreement was found between social media engagement (determined in the authors’ 2014 study) and importance rankings (found in this study), the authors proposed further research be done to determine whether and how an analysis of library social media engagement can be used as an inexpensive way to predict the perceived importance and value of a library’s services. While the authors recognized it may not be appropriate to generalize the results of this study to a wider student population, they suggested the findings may be applicable to similar groups of students (i.e., undergraduate information technology students).
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Shen, Feng. "Perceived fit and deal framing: the moderating effect of perceived fit on sales promotions in line and brand extensions". Journal of Product & Brand Management 23, nr 4/5 (18.08.2014): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-12-2013-0463.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how perceived fit between a line/brand extension and its parent brand moderates the evaluation of two economically identical promotions, i.e. buy one get one free (BOGOF) and 50 per cent off. A travel-sized painkiller is the product in this study. Design/methodology/approach – A 2 (perceived fit: high or low) × 2 (promotion type: BOGOF or 50 per cent off) between-subjects design is used in this study. Participants, who are college students, are randomly assigned to the four experimental conditions. Findings – The results indicate that parent brand attitude is more closely associated with line-extension attitude than with brand-extension attitude, line extension leads to lower perceived performance risk and higher stockpiling tendency than brand extension and BOGOF is preferred over 50 per cent off for line extension but 50 per cent off is preferred over BOGOF for brand extension. Research limitations/implications – For a low-price, non-conspicuous and stock-up product category such as painkillers, marketers should consider using BOGOF to promote a line extension and 50 per cent off to promote a brand extension. It is important to explore in future research as to how the findings can be applied to other product categories, other promotion types, other packages and non-student consumers. Originality/value – This study is the first that examines how perceived fit of a line/brand extension moderates the evaluation of economically identical promotions. It integrates the literature of line/brand extension, perceived performance risk and prospect theory to advance the research on sales promotions for new products.
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Zham, Olena, i Valentyna Molotkina. "Rudiak’s Mobile Training Basketry Workshop: Creation and Functioning (1905–1913)". Ukrainian Studies, nr 2(83) (24.07.2022): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.2(83).2022.259007.
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The article covers the history of creation and operation of Rudyakiv mobile training basketry workshop (specialized in making baskets and other household products from wicker) in 1905–1913. Data on the technical and technological process of production are given. The relevance of the study was determined by the lack of comprehensive research on this issue. The scientific novelty of the study is that this topic was the first object of independent study. The information introduced into scientific circulation organically complements the problem of formation of domestic vocational education, deepens knowledge of the history of Pereiaslav region. In the process of researching the activities of the workshop, the authors came to the conclusion that the operation of the studied educational and production institution helped to improve the skills of local craftsmen, their production activities, positively affected the rural economy, expanded opportunities for local people to receive vocational education, widened the network of professional institutions for the training of qualified professional and technical workers of Pereiaslav district, demonstrated the progressive role of the zemstvo in the development of local crafts and handicrafts. It was found that the development of wickerwork in the studied region was facilitated by a number of factors: the presence of a significant amount of cheap raw materials, relatively simple production technology, and thus its availability for all categories of the peasant population, the ability to engage in production in the free from agricultural work time, broad sales market, minimal expenses on the organization of production. The study of the zemstvo experience in the introduction of training and production workshops, their positive and negative sides, is essential for reforming and developing the system of modern education. In the future, the subject of research attention may be other institutions of vocational education in Pereiaslav district, including basket training workshops in Husyntsi, Salkov.
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Wylie, Dennis C., Xiaoping Wang, Jun Yao, Hengyi Xu, Toshiaki Iwase, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Naoto T. Ueno i Alan M. Lambowitz. "Abstract P5-07-03: Disease classification modeling of inflammatory breast cancer based on simultaneous profiling of coding and non-coding RNAs in tumor and blood samples by TGIRT-sequencing". Cancer Research 82, nr 4_Supplement (15.02.2022): P5–07–03—P5–07–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p5-07-03.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive and lethal breast cancer subtype but lags in disease-specific RNA biomarkers due in part to its paucity of large discrete tumors. A strategy to overcome this challenge is to identify blood-based RNA biomarkers that are minimally invasive and reflect the state of both the diseased breast tissue and the patient's immune response. Here, we identified IBC-specific RNA biomarkers by thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase sequencing (TGIRT-seq), a recently developed comprehensive RNA-seq technology that enables simultaneous profiling of all RNA biotypes from small amounts of starting material. We used these biomarkers to develop novel disease classification models for IBC based on coding and non-coding RNAs from FFPE tumor slices, PBMCs, and plasma. Methods: We obtained biological samples including FFPE, PBMC, and plasma from a cohort of ten patients with IBC and compared them to samples from six patients with non-IBC and sixteen healthy donors using TGIRT-seq technology. Results: TGIRT-seq of FFPE tumor slices identified differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs found previously to distinguish IBC from non-IBC tumors, as well as numerous additional differentially expressed mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs characteristic of IBC. Surprisingly, TGIRT-seq revealed that the differentially expressed protein-coding gene transcripts fall into two categories: mature mRNAs with reads confined to exons, and pre-mRNAs-derived transcripts with reads distributed across exons and introns, to our knowledge, a distinction not made previously for any cancer type. Differentially expressed miRNAs included both mature miRNAs and other transcripts of miRNA loci. IBC PBMCs showed a characteristic inflammatory response not seen in PBMCs from non-IBC patients, as well as differentially expressed tRNAs, snoRNAs, and other sncRNAs, while plasma samples, although of variable quality, included coding and non-coding RNAs distinctive of IBC. Classification models using panels consisting of sets of 50 selected biomarkers profiled by TGIRT-seq achieved a high degree of accuracy under cross-validation, with models based on PBMCs and plasma RNAs correlating with those based on tumor RNAs, and models using both coding and non-coding RNA biomarkers outperforming those based on either alone. Conclusions: Our findings are the first to define a distinct IBC profile across three different tissue types and advance TGIRT-seq as a promising method for high-resolution RNA biomarker profiling of both primary tumors and liquid biopsies with potentially broad utility for diagnosing and defining treatment response in IBC and other cancers. COI: Thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase (TGIRT) enzymes and methods for their use are the subject of patents and patent applications that have been licensed by the University of Texas to InGex, LLC. A.M.L., some former and present members of the Lambowitz laboratory, and the University of Texas are minority equity holders in InGex, and receive royalty payments from the sale of TGIRT enzymes and kits and from sublicensing of intellectual property to other companies. Citation Format: Dennis C. Wylie, Xiaoping Wang, Jun Yao, Hengyi Xu, Toshiaki Iwase, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Naoto T. Ueno, Alan M. Lambowitz. Disease classification modeling of inflammatory breast cancer based on simultaneous profiling of coding and non-coding RNAs in tumor and blood samples by TGIRT-sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-03.
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Chin, Roger J. "Examining teamwork and leadership in the fields of public administration, leadership, and management". Team Performance Management: An International Journal 21, nr 3/4 (8.06.2015): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-07-2014-0037.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of papers in ten top scholarly journals to determine their overall examination of leadership in teams and to identify which models of teamwork and leadership have been most explored by researchers. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reaches its findings through content analysis of 80 journal papers published in top academic journals from 1999 through 2012. Coding based on categories of teams, leadership and leadership styles conformed to forced choice and latent coding; two independent reviewers managed the subjectivity of the coding. Findings – Sixty per cent of the papers studied explored a group of workers whose teamwork was expected to be permanent, which receives a strong direction from a designated leader; almost that many (58.75 per cent) explored a group working with formal leadership by the worker’s supervisor; almost 50 per cent of papers explored leadership that combined two or more leadership styles simultaneously. This heavy concentration of the literature in a few areas suggests that research on other types of teamwork and leadership is minimal. Research limitations/implications – This particular research utilized the latent coding method of content analysis and forced choice in the selections. Even though content analysis has many strengths, the latent coding method of content analysis and forced choice selections require the researcher to examine the overall content to determine whether certain variables were present or absent. After the examination of the overall content, a subjective interpretation of the data is needed from the researcher. Other researchers that look at the same data may interpret the data differently. Practical implications – This research provides researchers, academics and practitioners with a comprehensive analysis on teamwork and leadership. The extensive investigation presents a pivotal starting point for further developments in this emerging area. The content analysis found a proliferation of diverse organizations utilizing teamwork, and this subject should be researched more vigorously. As organizations continue to embrace, pursue and promote teamwork, understanding the current state of the field will assist in having better understanding on how to develop effective teams. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the field by creating taxonomy to categorize the types of leaders and teams and presenting an explanation on the distinction between traditional and horizontal style of leadership. In identifying major trends in the existent literature, this examination provides valuable information for researchers.
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Filip, Miroslav. "Jak souvisí stres, nedůvěra a nedodržování protiepidemických opatření? – Konstruktivistický pohled na negativní jevy pandemické doby". E-psychologie 16, nr 1 (30.03.2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29364/epsy.433.
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Non-adherence to public health measures determines how society copes with the new coronavirus pandemic. In this study, we apply the personal construct theory to answer why some people comply with anti-epidemic measures. The theory assumes that stressful events in the pandemic situation invalidate an individual’s worldview (individual’s construing). If the individual attempts to maintain this construing instead of its reconstruction, s/he may apply the hostility strategy. For example, s/he dismisses information or opinions that are incompatible with his/her original construing. This leads to an elaboration of distrust and critical attitudes towards institutions and to non-compliance with measures they order. We investigate this model by an interview analysis with 20 respondents. The analysis yielded five categories showing how respondents construe the pandemic situation: responsibility, criticism, distance from the subject, productive dialogue, and unproductive dialogue. Respondents from the category “criticism” were facing substantial stressful/invalidating changes. They maintained their critical attitude towards anti-epidemic measures through a hostile view of those with differing opinions and a strong distrust in institutions and media. The other respondents mostly complied with the measures. In their construing of the pandemic situation, they took different perspectives into the account, did not experience hostility, and expressed some degree of understanding to people with different opinions. Thus, hostility could be a fundamental psychological principle to preserve a meaningful worldview in times of the pandemic. Hostility, however, leads to distrust, opinion polarization, and non-compliance with anti-epidemic measures.
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Babushkina, Larisa E., Natalia A. Sergeeva, Olga S. Rubleva i Irina A. Tyutyunnik. "Using the electronic portfolio as a means of formation the foreign language communicative competence when training future tutors-teachers". Perspectives of Science and Education 52, nr 4 (1.09.2021): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2021.4.33.
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The problem and the aim. Intercultural, foreign language communication is an integral part of the modern electronic learning environment. The professional competence of the future teacher as a subject of information interaction is manifested in the ability and readiness to speak a foreign language while performing official duties, in research activities, for self-realization. The authors propose to use the capabilities of the electronic portfolio for the formation of foreign language communicative competences of students of pedagogical training programs in the information educational space. Research methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature were used to determine the components of the foreign language communicative competence, the content and structure of the electronic portfolio. The method of pedagogization of the information technology, group interaction, assessment by external experts, mutual assessment and self-assessment are used for designing and scaffolding of the electronic portfolio with digital tools. The experiment involved 64 students of the Vyatka State University of the training program 44.03.01 Pedagogical education (bachelor level). The software is the Tilda service (https://tilda.cc/ru/). As a method of statistical processing of the experimental data, the χ2 (chi-square) Pearson test was used. Results. In the experimental group, future tutors-teachers used Tilda tools to determine the structure and content of the electronic portfolio (categories, sections, projects), which was subsequently provided for discussion and analysis by other students, external experts. The assessment of the levels of formation of the foreign language communicative competence was carried out and statistically significant differences in the qualitative changes that occurred in the pedagogical system were revealed, χ2obs. 2 > χ2crit0.05 (7,07 > 5,99). In conclusion features of designing and using electronic portfolios, implemented on the Tilda platform to present achievements in the foreign language communicative, educational, cognitive, professional activity are summarized.
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Wilson, Virginia. "Female Public Library Patrons Value the Library for Services, Programs, and Technology". Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, nr 1 (8.03.2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8dp58.
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A Review of:
Fidishun, Dolores. “Women and the Public Library: Using Technology, Using the Library.” Library Trends 56.2 (2007): 328-43.
Objective – This study attempts to give insight into why and how women use the public library and information technology, and how they learned to use the technology.
Design – Qualitative survey.
Setting – The research took place at the Chester County Library in Exton, Pennsylvania, USA.
Subjects – One hundred and eighty-four female library patrons 18 years and older.
Methods – An anonymous qualitative survey was handed out to all patrons at the Chester
County Library 18 years of age and older who came into the library on four separate days and times. Times were chosen to obtain a good representation of library patrons, and
included daytime, evening, and weekend hours. The survey consisted of questions about library use, information sought, information seeking behaviour, technology used, and how the respondents learned to use the technology. The surveys were collated and spreadsheets were created that reported answers to yes/no and other data questions. Word documents facilitated the listing of more qualitative answers. The data were analyzed using a thematic content analysis to find themes and patterns that emerged to create grounded theory. In thematic content analysis, “the coding scheme is based on categories designed to capture the dominant themes in a text (Franzosi 184). There is no universal coding scheme, and this method requires extensive pre-testing of the scheme (Franzosi 184). Grounded theory “uses a prescribed set of procedures for analyzing data and constructing a theoretical model” from the data (Leedy and Ormrod 154).
Main Results – The survey asked questions about library use, reasons for library use, using technology, finding information, and learning to use online resources. A total of 465 surveys were distributed and 329 were returned. From the surveys returned, 184 were from female patrons, 127 from male patrons, and 18 did not report gender. The data for this article are primarily taken from the 184 female respondents who reported ages between 18 and 79 years. Seventy-one percent of these reported having a bachelor’s degree or higher. The study uses some contrasting data from the men’s responses where appropriate. In terms of library use, out of the 184 respondents, 42% came to the library monthly, while 36% visited the library weekly. Sixty-two percent of respondents knew they could email the library and 72% knew that they could call the library with questions. As for reasons for library use, the most prominent response was to borrow books rather than buying them. The second most common reason for using the library related to children’s books and programming for children. Other common reasons for library use included research activities, using public computers, reading, use of services such as photocopying and tax forms, and to volunteer or tutor. The library was also used as a place of solitude, where women could find a place and time for themselves. The author compared the men’s results to the women’s responses, and found that coming to the library for books was lower on the list, and very few men mentioned children’s library services. Men came to the library more often than women to study or read.
In terms of using technology, the female respondents were fairly tech-savvy. Seventy-four percent of respondents felt comfortable using computers. Only 5% replied that using computers meant more work for them. Eighty-two percent said they used a computer on a regular basis, and 98% reported that they had used the Internet. Out of those who use the Internet, 91% used it at home, 64% used it at work, and 34% used it at the public library. Ninety-eight percent of women who used the Internet used a search engine such as Google or Yahoo to find information. Topics frequently mentioned were medical and travel information, information for their children, and shopping. Men, by contrast, listed shopping and finding medical information as their second reason for using the internet. General research topics were most frequently cited by men.
Seven survey questions focused on finding information. The Internet was the number one choice for finding health information, sports scores, the date of Thanksgiving, and the phone number of their state Senator. The library was the first place to find a good book. Results indicated that although women use libraries to find information, they use the Internet more, as libraries were at least third on the list of places women looked for most of the topics inquired about.
When asked about their computer use, 71% of respondents said they used a computer to gain information for work, 74% said they used it for hobbies, and 81% used it to access medical information on the Internet. Sixty-five percent of respondents used email and chat to keep in touch with family and friends. 30% of the women asked felt that books were more valuable than using a computer. Forty-six percent reported that being able to ask a librarian for help was an appreciated service. The use of library technology figured in the survey. Seventy-two percent of respondents reported that they were comfortable using the online catalogue and 53% said they used the library’s webpage. Only 19% said they used the library’s databases. The comments section of the survey included evidence that the women either did not know these electronic resources existed, or they did not understand what databases are for. However, 47% said they had access to online databases from other sources, for example, higher education institutions, public schools, businesses.
Those who did use online databases were asked how they learned to use them. Sixteen percent were self-taught. Only a few had formal training, including 3% who were taught by a public library staff member. Sixty percent of respondents indicated they would like formal training: 23% preferred individual training, while 77% preferred training in a class setting.
The survey attempted to discern the value of participants’ library experience by using positive and negative critical incidents. The participants responded to questions about their best and worst experiences using the library. Best experiences included those involving books; children’s literature, programs, and family projects; library technology; access to non-print materials; the library as a place for solitude; other library services; and library staff. The negative experiences included library issues such as having to return books on time, getting an overdue notice or fine on an item already returned, and desired books being out of the library, noise in the library. The number of positive experiences reported was higher than the number of negative experiences.
Conclusions – Although definitive conclusions are difficult to make using qualitative analysis, Fidishun summarizes her findings by reporting that her study of women public library patrons found that technology features prominently in women’s lives, and that they regularly use the Internet to find information. However, many women were not aware of the databases available at the public library. Books were an important part of the library experience for these women, as were traditional library services, such as asking a librarian for help. Women often are the ones who bring children to the library and seek information for them. And the women surveyed valued the library as place.
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Nazim, Mohammad, i Sana Zia. "Acceptance and adoption of open access publishing by researchers in India". Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 68, nr 1/2 (4.02.2019): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-09-2018-0077.
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PurposeThis paper aims to examine the level of open access (OA) adoption by researchers in Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), identify predictors of OA status (OA vs non-OA) and explore the availability of OA versions of the articles and venues used by the researches for hosting of their articles.Design/methodology/approachArticles contributed by the researchers in IITs were searched using an advance search option in the Web of Science Core collection database. The search was restricted to journal articles published in English language in the year 2015. Of the 10,049 articles retrieved, 1,023 (10 per cent of the total) were chosen randomly. Articles selected after randomizations were exported to MS Excel for further analyses. Title of each article was searched in Google Scholar to assess its OA availability and venues used by the author for self-archiving. Details of ten articles could not be traced in Google Scholar, and they were excluded from the analysis. Based on the analysis of URLs, all OA articles were classified into three categories: gold OA, green OA and both gold and green OA. The OA articles available through green route were further classified into six categories based on the analysis of the websites and the self-archiving venues used by the authors: institutional repository, subject repository, researcher or scholar’s website, organizational website, ResearchGate and other websites.FindingsOf 1,013 articles examined, OA versions were found for 68.70 per cent of articles. Of the total OA articles, 10.26 per cent articles were available through gold OA and 58.44 per cent were available through green OA, while remaining 6.21 per cent were available via both gold and green OA routes. Although researchers use different venues for self-archiving their articles, ResearchGate and institutional repositories are the most preferred choices by the researchers in IITs. Researchers in IITs are seemed to be unaware of the self-archiving policies of publishers, as more than 85 per cent self-archived articles were found as final PDF versions that are normally not allowed by the publishers.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited to IITs, but it offers theoretical implications for extending its scope to different subjects and institutes. The findings of the study may be useful for the publishers and institutions for formulating OA policies. The findings of the study might be used for raising awareness of OA among researchers and encouraging them to contribute their research outcome in OA outlets.Originality/valueThis is the first study in India focusing on the availability of OA research.
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Ruppert, Evelyn S. "‘I Is; Therefore I Am’: The Census as Practice of Double Identification". Sociological Research Online 13, nr 4 (lipiec 2008): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1778.
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I examine practices of modern census making with a specific focus on Canadian censuses of population from 1911-1951. My analysis builds on the work of two recent and related streams of research in the social sciences. One draws from Foucault's writings on biopower and post-Foucauldian governmentality studies. It examines the census as a political technology that produces a specific knowledge or political arithmetic (statistics) of the population, so that its forces and strengths can be acted upon by various state authorities. The census is thus understood as a field for the administration of the state. The other focuses on how censuses are socially constructed, on the ‘making’ of censuses as opposed to the ‘taking’ of censuses and the use of census data as ‘evidence’. These studies document how the interests and political influence of various actors shape census making. The census is thus understood as a particular way of defining, collecting and organising social observations about individuals and not a simple reflection of an empirically existing reality. While the two streams of research have usefully challenged the facticity of census data, they have tended to reinforce a division between the real and the constructed. For if census data is not ‘real’ but a particular construction then what exactly does it represent? I contend that censuses are part of myriad identification practices that have come to produce subjects who are able to recognise and identify themselves in relation to the categories constructed and circulated by the census. It is through processes of double identification (state-citizen) that census categories come into existence, become facts and can then in turn not only be measured, analysed and assembled (objectification) but also be identified with (subjectification). The presence of such double identification makes an ostensible division between facticity and representation artificial.