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Sarmiento, Lozano Camilo. "Formalisation des raisonnements éthiques : modélisation des processus en éthique et modélisation, représentation et automatisation du raisonnement causal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS047.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is in the field of computational ethics, which aims to formalise ethical reasoning. In other words, this work is part of the field that seeks to emulate our capacity as rational beings to morally evaluate an action. The formalisation of this reasoning has two objectives: to better understand it and to integrate it into computer systems to ensure that decisions made comply with chosen moral principles.This thesis makes a contribution to the field in two ways. Firstly, it proposes a common framework for formalising faithfully the most common moral principles in Western philosophy. This first contribution can be summarised as 'modelling ethical processes'. The second set of contributions pertains to the proposal for formalising causal reasoning. This formalisation not only enhances our comprehension of this reasoning but also enables its integration into computer systems, facilitating the establishment of complex causal relationships. This capability is crucial for formalising a wide range of moral principles. To ensure that our proposal can formalise all these moral principles, we have designed it to satisfy a number of conditions. Firstly, our formalisation is based on a formalism that explicitly addresses the subtleties of problems related to both causal and ethical reasoning. Secondly, our formalism's definition of causality free of any confusion with the notion of responsibility. Otherwise, it would not be common to formalise all moral principles. Finally, our proposal can handle all causal cases, including the most complex. The second group of contributions focuses on 'modelling, representing and automating causal reasoning'. The main contributions of this thesis belong to this second group
Popov, Valentin. "Contribution à la représentation et à la résolution du problème de conception déclarative de scènes 3D en synthèse d'image". Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2306.
Pełny tekst źródłaMengin, Jérôme. "Raisonnement par défaut : résolutions de conflits et priorités". Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112101.
Pełny tekst źródłaZanuttini, Bruno. "Acquisition de connaissances et raisonnement en logique propositionnelle". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995247.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarbonneill, Boris. "Vers un système de représentation de connaissances et de raisonnement fondé sur les graphes conceptuels". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20015.
Pełny tekst źródłaInghilterra, Carlo. "Apports de la représentation orientée objet et du raisonnement analogique dans la conception d'un tutoriel de géomérie". Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30069.
Pełny tekst źródłaLugardon, Valérie. "Sur les fondements de la notion de dépendance et de son application à la théorie de l'action". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30009.
Pełny tekst źródłaGacôgne, Louis. "Contribution à la représentation des connaissances floues et mise en oeuvre d'un système de raisonnement approché". Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077136.
Pełny tekst źródłaTolba, Hany. "Contribution à l'étude du raisonnement temporel : intégration des informations qualitatives et quantitatives et propagation de contraintes". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10394.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuizol, Léa. "Partitioning semantics for entity resolution and link repairs in bibliographic knowledge bases". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20188/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe propose a qualitative entity resolution approach to repair links in a bibliographicknowledge base. Our research question is: "How to detect and repair erroneouslinks in a bibliographic knowledge base using qualitative methods?" Theproposed approach is decomposed into two major parts. The first contributionconsists in a partitioning semantics using symbolic criteria used in order to detecterroneous links. The second one consists in a repair algorithm restoring link quality.We implemented our approach and proposed qualitative and quantitative evaluationfor the partitioning semantics as well as proving certain properties for the repairalgorithms
Cerf, Marianne. "Essai d'analyse psychologique des connaissances techniques et pratiques des agriculteurs : application au raisonnement de l'implantation des betteraves sucrières". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080839.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to study farmers' knowledge and the way such a knowledge is used while performing sugar beet setting up in various working contexts. After a short introduction which sumarizes the motives of this research, and a brief characterization of faarmers' cognitive activities, a bibliographic synthesis assigns a place to crop management within continuous process control activities and more specifically within diagnosis activities. Then, the farms and farmers that been selected for the study as well as the methods that have been used are described. These ones have been designed to identify similarities and differences between the knowledge and reasoning of individuals in relation to the studied task. Besides, those methods have been designed to test the plausibility of representing farmers' knowledge as semantics of action networks. Experimental studies have been combined with direct observations of working farmers. The experimental material was mostly soil pictures taken at different moments of the task performing. This analysis results in the identification of cores of common knowledge shared by all the farmers of the sample. That common knowledge concerns the representation of the functioning of the cropfield. This analysis also results in proposals for describing the way farmers choose between known procedures in experimental conditions as well as in working ones. Finally, our analysis results in directions to adapt the semantics of action networks formalism in order to apply such a knowledge representation to the control of dynamic process
Carvalho, Felipe. "La pensée démonstrative : une approche pragmatique". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0048.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis investigates the possibility of explaining our capacity to have demonstrative thoughts about particulars in our external environment within a broadly pragmatist approach to singular mental representation. This approach will be introduced in the context of a debate between conceptualists and perceptualists about demonstrative thought. According to the first, this capacity cannot be explained in the absence of sophistioated background conceptual knowledge of what objects are and how they behave in space and time. According to the latter we can explain it at the more primitive level of perception, on the basis of low-level perceptual processes that are naturally tuned to the task of individuating and fracking medium-sized material objects. This thesis will argue that a more desirable middle ground can be attained by adopting a pragmatist approach to demonstrative thought, where the capacity to think about particulars in the world is explained through a practical knowledge of what objects are and how they behave, acquired through repeated pattems of active interactions with objects in the world
Le, Tan. "Intégration de l'inférence abductive et inductive pour la représentation des connaissances dans les réseaux de gènes". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996894.
Pełny tekst źródłaForget, Lionel. "X-logiques : théorèmes de représentation pour les logiques préférentielles et la logique des défauts". Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11009.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarloy, Yann. "Conception et développement d'outils dédiés aux systèmes réflexifs : application à la reconnaissance de manoeuvres automobiles". Troyes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TROY0023.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring my thesis entitled "Design and development of tools dedicated to reflexive systems. Application to car maneuvers recognition. "I developed an inference engine, called Reflexive System Inference Engine (RSIE), based on a hybrid between RETE networks filter method to combine performance and flexibility of application. RSIE structure allows it to create systems which not only interact with their environment but also with their own knowledge allowing them to self-edit according to solve problems, known as reflexive systems. I applied this engine to CASSICE project (Caractérisation Symbolique des SItuations de ConduitE) and more particularly to the rule-based system IDRES. IDRES rules have been translated into RSIE formalism and the adding a of knowledge management metarules to implement a time t have improved IDRES performances in terms of speed of execution and in terms of resources occupation. By its nature, RSIE can be applied to other areas and this is part of my perspectives
Simonet, Geneviève. "Héritage non monotone à base de chemins et de graphes partiels". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20151.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Tan. "Intégration de l'inférence abductive et inductive pour la représentation des connaissances dans les réseaux de gènes". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2337/.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiagnostic reasoning (abductive) and predictive reasoning (inductive) are two methods of reasoning that enable the discovery of new knowledge. When abductive reasoning is the process of finding the best explanation (hypothesis) for a set of observations (Josephson, 1994), the inductive reasoning is the process of predicting, from a set of observations, to find all possible results. These observations may be symptoms of a patient, experiments on genomic and metabolic networks, etc. In this PhD thesis, we are interested in the representation, analysis and synthesis of genomic signaling networks using hypothetical logic. In fact, this thesis focuses on modeling of signaling pathways in response to the DNA double stranded break. To implement the abduction, we use algorithms of production. Then, the default logic is used to build models of minimum representation. These algorithms are proven knowledge discovery on the map of DNA double-strand break. This map is minimal as biological causality graph and allows integrating bio-molecular data
Sabouret, Nicolas. "Etude de modèles de représentation, de requêtes et de raisonnement sur le fonctionnement des composants actifs pour l'interaction homme-machine". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112290.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this PhD thesis, we deal with a problem that is emerging in human-computer interaction. Our aim is to answer formal requests modelling common-sense questions that a human user can ask about an active software component's functioning. Current research in reasoning about actions propose to work with a logic model of the system and to answer only to well formed requests which cannot take into account common-sense notions that are used by human users in their questions about actions. Moreover, we want to be able to work directly with the component's code to answer such questions. We first present a programming language and a runtime model for active components that allows us to have access, at any time of the execution, to the description of the component's actions and physical status. We then present a request model that can be used to represent a wide class of questions about actions. We propose answering algorithms for use on these formal requests. We show that it is possible to take into account common-sense notions in these requests and we propose a formal frame for processing such "common-sense requests" about actions. Then, we study the issue of answering requests about the component's past execution. We show that using a dynamic approach is both possible and required, so as to extract regularities from the component's runtime. We show how this exhibits component behaviors that are required for the production of an explanation. We present an extension of this approach for extracting collective behaviors in multi-agent systems. We show that our work can be used within the semantic web in order to define active components as dynamic page web, provided with reasoning capabilities and capable of interacting with ordinary users in need for help. Finally, we present the implementation of our model within the InterViews project. We give both programming and execution examples of active components in this implementation
Abchiche, Nadia. "Elaboration, implémentation et validation d'une approche distribuée pour l'intégration de modèles de raisonnement hétérogènes : application au diagnostic de pannes électriques". Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081527.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work describes the elaboration of a distributed approach to integrate several heterogeneous reasoning models using multi-agents paradigms. Each reasoning model represents particular knowledge with appropriate methods. Since none of the reasonig models is able to solve a whole problem with acceptable performances, we have proposed a cooperation model, mocah (modellig cooperation between heterogeneous agents). The starting point is to model the cooperation reasoning at the knowledge level with a methodology usefull for domain expertise commet. In fact, we extracted cooperation expertise from works done in distributed artificial intelligence (contract net protocoles to allocate tasks, solving conflicts using negociation mechanisms). The most important point to develop is an agent's architecture to support the two levels of reasoning: cooperation reasoning and domain reasoning. These two levels are modeled using the above mentioned methodology which consist in decomposing knowledge according to three dimensions: the tasks, the methods and the domain model. Our architecture is sufficiently flexible to allow increasing the variety and the number of agents, deal with existing cooperation expertise and easily integrate new ones, and finally, be domain independent. A consensus representation is developed to make the agents communicating despite heterogeneous local representations. The agents reason not only on their own domain problems, but also on their capabilities and other agents' capabilities so they can cooperate to improve the problem solving process and increase the variety of the problems solved by the whole system. Our approach has been applied to diagnosis of faults in electrical functions of cars
Carloni, Olivier. "Introduction de raisonnement dans un outil industriel de gestion des connaissances". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20101.
Pełny tekst źródłaBourget, Annick. "De la formation préclinique à la formation clinique : explicitation du développement du raisonnement clinique chez des étudiantes et des étudiants en médecine ayant suivi un programme basé sur l'apprentissage par problèmes". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6383.
Pełny tekst źródłaBertaud-Gounot, Valérie. "Proposition d'un modèle constructiviste de base de connaissance fondé sur une ontologie des signes permettant les raisonnements abductif et déductif : la représentation du signe en médecine". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1B105.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarloni, Olivier. "Introduction de raisonnement dans un outil industriel de gestion des connaissances". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00387017.
Pełny tekst źródłaChaoued, Nouha. "Représentation et traitement des connaissances en logique multivalente : cas d'une répartition non uniforme des degrés de vérité". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS048/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn most daily activities, humans use imprecise information derived from appreciation instead of exact measurements to make decisions. Various approaches were proposed to deal with imperfect knowledge, in particular, fuzzy logic and multi-valued logic. In this work, we treat the particular case of imprecise knowledge.Taking into account imprecise knowledge by computer systems is based on their representation by means of linguistic variables. Their values form a set of words expressing the different nuances of the treated information. For example, to judge the beauty of the Mona Lisa or the smell of a flower, it is not possible to give an exact value but an appreciation is given by a term like "beautiful" or "floral".In the literature, dealing with imprecise information relies on an implicit assumption: the distribution of terms is uniform on a scale ranging from 0 to 1. Nevertheless, in some cases, a sub-domain of this scale may be more informative and may include more terms. In this case, knowledge are represented by means of an unbalanced terms set, that is, not uniformly nor symmetrically distributed.We have noticed, in the literature, that in the context of fuzzy logic many researchers have dealt with these term sets. However, it is not the case for multi-valued logic. Thereby, in our work, we aim to establish a methodology to represent and manage this kind of data in the context of multi-valued logic. Two aspects are treated. The first one concerns the representation of terms within an unbalanced multi-set. The second deals with the treatment of such kind of imprecise knowledge, i.e. with symbolic modifiers and in reasoning process.In this work, we focus on unbalanced sets in the context of multi-valued logic. Basing on our study of art, we propose new approaches to represent and treat such term sets. First of all, we introduce algorithms that allow representing unbalanced terms within uniform ones and the inverse way. Then, we describe a method to use linguistic modifiers within unbalanced multi-sets. Afterward, we present a reasoning approach based on the Generalized Modus Ponens model using Generalized Symbolic Modifiers. The proposed models are implemented in a novel rule-based decision system for the camphor odor recognition within unbalanced multi-set. We also develop a tool for child autism diagnosis by means of unbalanced severity degrees of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
Cohen-Solal, Quentin. "Un cadre algébrique pour le raisonnement qualitatif en présence d'informations hétérogènes : application aux raisonnements multi-échelle et spatio-temporel". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC245/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we are interested in qualitative multi-scale reasoning, qualitative spatio-temporal reasoning and combinations of qualitative formalisms.We propose to extend the multiscale temporal reasoning to take into account the fact that time intervals can be perceived as instants at certain scales of precision, to fully formalize this reasoning and to study its consistency problem. We show in particular that this formalism decides consistency and that the consistency problem is NP-complete, even in the simplest case.In addition, we propose a general framework for reasoning on temporal sequences of qualitative information, a form of spatio-temporal description. This framework allows for reasoning in the context of complex evolutions. For example, the considered entities may have characteristics preserved over time, evolve in a dependent manner with respect to each other, while having a potentially irreversible and different behavior depending on their nature. Moreover, in this context, reasoning is computationally more efficient than state-of-the-art approaches. In particular, we study the consistency problem in the specific context of constant-size moving regions, and show that this framework actually decides consistency.Furthermore, we propose a formal framework unifying several forms of extensions and combinations of qualitative formalisms, including multi-scale reasoning and temporal sequences. This framework allows one to reason in the context of each of these combinations and extensions, but also to study in a unified way the consistency problem. In particular, we establish two complementary theorems guaranteeing that the consistency problem is polynomial, and we use them to prove that several fragments of temporal sequences are tractable
Le, Ber Françoise. "Modélisation des connaissances et raisonnements pour l'analyse de paysages agraires à partir de données satellitaires". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10342.
Pełny tekst źródłaKauffmann, Hervé. "Multilog : utilisation de mondes en programmation logique pour représenter et manipuler des connaissances". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066079.
Pełny tekst źródłaPierre, Denis. "Formulation et maintenance d'une théorie hypothétique par un agent apprenant". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20082.
Pełny tekst źródłaGirard, Pierre. "Construction hypothétique d'objets complexes". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345880.
Pełny tekst źródłaGirard, Pierre. "Construction hypothétique d'objets complexes". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1995. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00345880.
Pełny tekst źródłaMangelinck, Ludmila. "Représentation et classification de structures spatiales -- Application à la reconnaissance de paysages agricoles". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00391141.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchmeltzer, Olivier. "Modélisation de cartes génomiques : une formalisation et un algorithme de construction fondé sur le raisonnement temporel". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005062.
Pełny tekst źródłaChen, Jieying. "Knowledge Extraction from Description Logic Terminologies". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS531.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn increasing number of ontologies of large sizes have been developed and made available in repositories such as the NCBO Bioportal. Ensuring access to the most relevant knowledge contained in large ontologies has been identified as an important challenge. To this end, in this thesis, we propose three different notions: minimal ontology modules (sub-ontologies that preserve all entailments over a given vocabulary), best ontology excerpts (certain, small number of axioms that best capture the knowledge regarding the vocabulary by allowing for a degree of semantic loss) and projection module (sub-ontologies of a target ontology that entail subsumption, instance and conjunctive queries that follow from a reference ontology). For computing minimal module and best excerpt, we introduce the notion of subsumption justification as an extension of justification (a minimal set of axioms needed to preserve a logical consequence) to capture the subsumption knowledge between a term and all other terms in the vocabulary. Similarly, we introduce the notion of projection justifications that entail consequence for three different queries in order to computing projection module. Finally, we evaluate our approaches by applying a prototype implementation on large ontologies
Thomazo, Michaël. "Conjunctive Query Answering Under Existential Rules - Decidability, Complexity, and Algorithms". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925722.
Pełny tekst źródłaAzough, Ahmed. "Modèle sémantique de la vidéo pour la description, la détection et la recherche des événements visuels". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10055.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is about to explore the use of tools to support semantics of data in the field of multimedia. The first contribution concerns the generation of high-level descriptions. We propose a description language that allows high-level definition of events and objects from low-level features. The second contribution is the exploration of certain types of uncertainty reasoning in the context of multimedia semantics. We propose a semantic language (based on fuzzy conceptual graphs) for descriptions of videos and define mechanisms underlying reasoning. The third contribution relates to the semantic indexing and retrieval in multimedia databases. We propose a query language from deductive databases for the expression of spatiotemporal and semantic queries
Brunet, Eric. "Conception et réalisation d'un système expert d'aide à l'interprétation des chocs mécaniques en centrale nucléaire". Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD113.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main purpose of this research work was the design of a Diagnostic Expert System work bench (MIGRE) and, from it, the realization of a system to aid the interpretation of mechanical impacts in nuclear power plants. The central problem for knowledge based system is related to the concept of “knowledge”. MIGRE proposes a three-level classification of knowledge. The first level is concerned with basic or descriptive knowledge and is formalised in an Entity-Relation model. The second level associates the basic concepts with specific information (“Knowledge Vector”). The last level deals with inference knowledge. Each element of expertise is represented by a “marked” rule (strategy, inference, definition,. . . ). MIGRE provides tools support the activities of application development. Thus, the knowledge base editor includes a Specialized Natural Language Interface, whose aim is to understand the “meaning” of a sentence, and in particular to look for “implicit” knowledge. The parser is a semantic one, using a Definite Clause Grammar. Problem solution is guided by the answers given by the knowledge Exploitation module to a number of tasks extended dynamically during the reasoning. The results show that the two “intellectual” activities of understanding sentences and reasoning to solve a problem require a common core of knowledge
Ramon, Sébastien. "Méthodes permettant la prédominance de connaissances subsumées". Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0405/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is in line with the symbolic Artificial Intelligence domain. It deals with a fondamental issue of the logic-based knowledge and reasoning representation. Most particulary, this thesis is interested in the issue occurring when a piece of information is added to a knowledge set which already entails it. How to make sure that this new piece of information prevails the ones that allow its inference? Suppose for instance that a premisses set contains the piece of information “If the switch is on then the room is lighted”. It is natural to expect that adding an additional rule, in a way more precise than the first one, and which assert that “If the switch is on and if the lamp bulb is not broken then the room is lighted”, could prevail it. Indeed, it will not be sufficient to know that “The switch is on” to conclude that “The room is lighted”: it is now necessary that “The lamp bulb is not broken”. Let us note that the second rule is consistent with the first one and that the non monotonic logics and beliefs revision or update frameworks do not handle this issue in principle. First of all, we adress this issue in the classical logic framework, and secondly in a most general framework of non monotonic logic based representation, and particulary the ones that allow the representation of rules with exceptions subject of consistency test
Rocher, Swan. "Querying existential rule knowledge bases : decidability and complexity". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT291/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis we investigate the issue of querying knowledge bases composed of data and general background knowledge, called an ontology. Ontological knowledge can be represented under different formalisms and we consider here a fragment of first-order logic called existential rules (also known as tuple-generating dependencies and Datalog+/-).The fundamental entailment problem at the core of this thesis asks if a conjunctive query is entailed by an existential rule knowledge base. General existential rules are highly expressive, however at the cost of undecidability. Various restrictions on sets of rules have been proposed to regain the decidability of the entailment problem.Our specific contribution is two-fold. First, we propose a new tool that allows to unify and extend most of the known existential rule classes that rely on acyclicity conditions to tame infinite forward chaining, without increasing the complexity of the acyclicity recognition. Second, we study the compatibility of known decidable rule classes with a frequently required modeling construct, namely transitivity of binary relations. We help clarifying the picture of negative and positive results on this question, and provide a technique to safely combine transitivity with one of the simplest, yet useful, decidable rule classes, namely linear rules
Goasdoué, François. "Knowledge Representation meets DataBases for the sake of ontology-based data management". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759274.
Pełny tekst źródłaBelouaer, Lamia. "Représentation de la connaissance spatiale pour la planification". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2070.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe are interested in the integration of spatial information for representation and reasoning to plan a mission in the human-robot interaction case. The first part of our work is for representation and spatial reasoning. We propose a spatial ontology: SpaceOntology qualitative and quantitative representation and reasonning. Based on this spatial modeling we have implemented a planner with two modules: a module for symbolic reasoning supported by a task planner and a module for spatial reasoning supported by the path planning and SpaceOntology. The third part of our contributions is the extension of the PDDL planning language to spatial information. This extension permits to express spatial planning problems
Duong, Vu Nguyen. "La résolution des réseaux de contraintes algébriques et qualitatives : une approche d'aide à la conception en ingéniérie". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520680.
Pełny tekst źródłaSon, Ji min. "/Répétition/ (mot barré) : la non-représentation du vouloir-dire et le dernier retour de l’histoire de l’art par le dispraître". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0071/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom its Platonic source, the ideal of embodiment of Idea must face individualities which are (pre)determined and qualitatively different – and are themselves repetitions repeated. It must become “what-is-wanted-to-be-said” or “meaning” (“vouloir-dire”) of the person who endeavors to realize it and to attempt to exceed the ontological limits of representation. Meanwhile, the unrealizability of pure repetition of the “vouloir-dire” – like any other “subject matter” – testifies to the absent presence of the same in the process of its realization; each and every repetition is always already a differential repetition, and its act itself always susceptible to be taken as mimetic in practice. When we “create”, we search for the absolute difference (singularization) while aiming at a universality of the “vouloir-dire”, Univocity. Put another way, it is the inevitability of the differential repetition (“newness”) that repeats itself and moves towards the last outcome that is meant to be unique in itself and intersubjectively understood and judged. Does this inevitability point towards a (or the last) insurmountable theoretical stalemate – “an end”? How do artists, art-historians, and philosophers deal with this problem? Between the origin and the future of art, what sort of force of repetition do we have to look for in order to finally no longer repeat “one repetition for all”?
Guérin, Clément. "Proposition d'un cadre pour l'analyse automatique, l'interprétation et la recherche interactive d'images de bande dessinée". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS024/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the beginning of the twenty-first century, the cultural industry, both in France and worldwide, has been through a massive and historical mutation. They have had to adapt to the emerging digital technology represented by the Internet and the new handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets. Although some industries successfully transfered a piece of their activity to the digital market and are about to find a sound business model, the comic books industry keeps looking for the right solution and has not yet produce anything as convincing as the music or movie offers. While many new young authors and writers use their creativity to produce specifically digital designed pieces of art, some other minds are focused on the preservation and the development of the already existing heritage. So far, efforts have been concentrated on the transfer from printed to digital support, with a special attention given to their specific features and how they can be used to create new reading conventions. There has also been some concerns about the content indexing, which is a hard task regarding the large amount of data created since the very beginning of the comics history. From a scientific point of view, there are several issues related to these goals. First, it implies to be able to identify the underlying structure of a comic books page. This comes through the extraction of the page's components, their validation and their correction based on the representation and reasoning capacities of two ontologies. The first one focus on the representation of the image analysis concepts and the second one represents the comic books domain knowledge. Secondly, a special attention is given to the semantic enhancement of the extracted elements, based on their spatial relations to each others and on their own characteristics. These annotations can be related to elements only (e.g. the position of a panel in the reading sequence), or to the bound between several elements (e.g. the text pronounced by a character)
Sala, Michel. "Proposition d'une méthodologie et d'un environnement d'apprentissage d'aide à la découverte scientifique : application à la génétique, l'environnement SIGALE". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20019.
Pełny tekst źródłaQiu, Mingming. "Designing smart home services using machine learning and knowledge-based approaches". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAT014.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe intelligence of a smart home is realized by creating various services. Eachservice tries to adjust one monitored state by controlling related actuators after consideringenvironment states detected by sensors. However, the design of the logic of the services deployedin a smart home faces limitations of either dynamic adaptability (predefined rules) orexplicability (learning techniques). Four proposals that are parts of a hybrid approach combiningpredefined rules and learning techniques aim at mitigating these limitations.The first proposal is to use reinforcement learning to create a dynamic service. The deploymentof this single service includes two phases : pretraining in the simulation and continuous trainingin the real world. Our study only focuses on the simulation part. Extending the first proposal,the second proposal proposes several architectures to create multiple dynamic and conflictfreeservices. However, the created data-driven services are not explicable. Therefore, the thirdproposal aims to extract explicable knowledgebased services from dynamic data-driven services.The fourth proposal attempts to combine the second and third proposals to create dynamicand explicable services. These proposals are evaluated in a simulated environment ontemperature control, light intensity, and air quality services adapted to the activities of the inhabitant.They can be extended according to several perspectives, such as the co-simulation ofphysical phenomena, the dynamic adaptation to various inhabitant profiles, and the energy efficiencyof the deployed services
Shang, Wei. "Un système et un langage pour le traitement d'inférences non monotone". Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD299.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis a non-monotonic inference system is presented, its purpose is to represent revisable knowledge and perform corresponding reasoning. A study of different research strategies of the solution space is presented, it is shown, through the exemples, that the recording of the inference dependencies can considerably optimize the research in the solution space. Then we describe un belief revision system: AS of J. De Kleer. It is a dependency based one, and is used as m inference unit in our system. Several non-standard logics are also presented, we pay pie1mly attention to R. Reiter's default logic, for which a restrained version (normal defaults) is realized. ANMIL is the inference Ianguage of this system, it is described in detail. The language is a predicate based one, the non-monotony resides in the default and the assumed rules. Its inference environment is the mufti-contexts one, the assumptions me automatically managed. We also explain the principal commands and give the syntax of ANMIL. ANMIS is the inference system. Its concepts are presented. Two sub-systems can be distinguished : an inference engine and a belief revision manager. This kind of architecture, in our opinion, is the best one for performing non-monotonic inference. The different inference strategies are employed according to the type of rides. The techniques and difficulties of the implementation of the system are discussed
Lemaignan, Severin. "Grounding the interaction : knowledge management for interactive robots". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0010/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWith the rise of the so-called cognitive robotics, the need of advanced tools to store, manipulate, reason about the knowledge acquired by the robot has been made clear. But storing and manipulating knowledge requires first to understand what the knowledge itself means to the robot and how to represent it in a machine-processable way. This work strives first at providing a systematic study of the knowledge requirements of modern robotic applications in the context of service robotics and human-robot interaction. What are the expressiveness requirement for a robot? what are its needs in term of reasoning techniques? what are the requirement on the robot's knowledge processing structure induced by other cognitive functions like perception or decision making? We propose a novel typology of desirable features for knowledge representation systems supported by an extensive review of existing tools in our community. In a second part, the thesis presents in depth a particular instantiation of a knowledge representation and manipulation system called ORO, that has been designed and implemented during the preparation of the thesis. We elaborate on the inner working of this system, as well as its integration into several complete robot control stacks. A particular focus is given to the modelling of agent-dependent symbolic perspectives and their relations to theories of mind. The third part of the study is focused on the presentation of one important application of knowledge representation systems in the human-robot interaction context: situated dialogue. Our approach and associated algorithms leading to the interactive grounding of unconstrained verbal communication are presented, followed by several experiments that have taken place both at the Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes at CNRS, Toulouse and at the Intelligent Autonomous System group at Munich Technical University. The thesis concludes on considerations regarding the viability and importance of an explicit management of the agent's knowledge, along with a reflection on the missing bricks in our research community on the way towards "human level robots"
Bocéréan, Christine. "Représentation de la mémoire perceptive et raisonnement analogique". Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21016.
Pełny tekst źródłaLecomte, Maxime. "Approche hybride de modélisation explicable du métabolisme des écosystèmes microbiens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0094.
Pełny tekst źródłaMicrobial communities are complex systems composed of various species of microorganisms interacting with each other and with their environment. Systems biology offers a framework for their study, combining experimentation, high-throughput data generation and the integration of the latter into computer models. Understanding these ecosystems requires the analysis of their metabolism and of the exchange of molecules between members, which can have positive or negative impacts on each other. Metabolism is a set of biochemical reactions that can be represented as a genome-scale metabolic network through the association of genes and reactions in an organism. These networks can be used to build metabolic models, mathematical representations of organism behavior under given environmental conditions. Scaling up to the analysis of a community composed of a few species under controlled conditions, or several hundreds in natural environments, raises methodological difficulties in the construction of models. This thesis manuscript deals with the construction of computational models for the analysis of metabolism and metabolic interactions in microbial ecosystems, with a particular attention on explaining the cellular mechanisms underlying bacterial interactions. Numerical solutions are mainly used - ensuring the accuracy of results - but they face combinatorial issues generated by bacterial interactions in large-scale communities. Discrete approaches overcome this problem, but are limited to pairwise analysis. In order to identify a putative methodological tradeoff reconciling the advantages of both approaches, i.e. finding a hybrid approach, a first contribution focuses on the development of a dynamic and accurate numerical model of a cheese bacterial community composed of three strains. Our iterative strategy enables the integration of heterogeneous data through refinement and dynamic calibration steps. This back-and-forth between knowledge and model ensures the accurate prediction of metabolite concentrations and bacterial densities during cheese production. We propose as a second contribution a reasoning-based model for deciphering cooperative and competitive potentials in bacterial communities. This model relies on the inference of logical rules motivated by biology in order to evaluate and compare community interaction potentials. Ecosystem-specific interactions potentials are retrieved, and the fast execution of the reasoning-based approach facilitates the screening of collections of communities. Finally, the third contribution is a reflection on the enrichment of the logic model. We propose a prototype based on the inference of logical rules, enabling (i) the selection of the best community based on biological constraints and (ii) the inference of a temporal notion, which can impact interaction potentials. Through this thesis, we demonstrate that the construction of a hybrid model of metabolism is not required but that a hybrid approach, using numerical models for small communities and discrete models for rapid analysis of full-size communities, seems to be relevant
Lecas, Jean-François. "Développement du raisonnement conditionnel et modèles mentaux". Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOL007.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a developmental model of conditional reasoning which refers to Mental Models theory (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991 ; Johnson-Laird, Byrne & Schaeken, 1992). We show in a first part, a development of conditional reasoning during childhood and adolescence. This development evolves between a first level in which young subjets (i. E. , 8-9 years old)construct a one model representation (conjonctive-like interpretation), a second level (i. E. , 11-12 years old), in which they add a second model (biconditional interpretation) and a third model (conditional interpretation) at the end of adolescence (i. E. , 15 years old). We obtain these results in three experimental paradigms (falsification and production tasks and inferences production task). The second part of the thesis reveals that comprehension of conditional statements is influenced by semantic contents of propositions. The statements using binary propositions (i. E. , without sematic contrary) in which principal patterns of interpretation are conjonctive or conditional. In a third part, we suggest that the capacity explains the order of appareance of different levels of interpretation. The results observed in these experiments lead us to modify and specify standard theory. We propose (1) that reasoning relies on variables, (2) that exists a directionality of models from P to Q. (3) Content effect would be due to two pragmatic principles (the principle of maximal quantity and the principle of completeness) whose effect is to increase pertinence of statement, (4) models construct on the base of major premise would be hypothetical