Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / RENEWABLE LUBRICANT

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „RENEWABLE LUBRICANT”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "RENEWABLE LUBRICANT"

Ahmed, Diyar I., S. Kasolang, M. A. Abu Bakar i Mohammad H. Yousif. "Alternative Lubricant Based on Renewable Resources for Industrial Applications". Advanced Materials Research 894 (luty 2014): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.275.

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Bio-lubricants are often touted as a solution but the geographical necessities of cultivation can restrict their practicality as an absolute substitute to petroleum-based lubricants. The development of a novel environmentally-friendly bio-lubricant is the primary focus of this paper. The physico-chemical properties of the bio-lubricant were analyzed using multiple standards tribometers. This study provided sufficient data to conform an ISO VG 68 hydraulic industrial lubricant by blending 52.70 % (wt) soybean oil, 40.55 % (wt) mineral oil, and 6.75 (%) additive packages. This formulated blend as green alternative for machine lubrications will be significant in reducing perilous environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources. Moreover, it can contribute to reduce the global demand of petroleum based lubricant substantially.

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Zheng, Fa Zheng, Shan Dan Zhou, Feng Xie, Xin Nian Li i Yu Meng Yu. "Analysis on Lubricating and Viscosity-Temperature Characteristics of the Vegetable Oil". Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (czerwiec 2012): 1451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1451.

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The reduction of oil reserves will cause the exhaustion of mineral oil. Therefore, the development of new lubricants that can replace oil-based lubricants has become the trend of the lubricant. The vegetable lubricant is excellently biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable, meanwhile, it will not be impacted by the crisis of oil resources, and the development of new lubricants will surely become the important way to replace the mineral oil-based lubricants. The article Analysis the lubricating and viscosity-temperature characteristics of 15 lubricants, and a comparison with those properties of the mineral oil-based lubricants are performed.

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Hassan, Mohammed, Farid Nasir Ani i Samion Syahrullail. "The Tribological Characteristics of RBD Palm Olein with Jatropha Oil Blend Using Four-Ball Tribotester with Different Normal Loads". Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (styczeń 2016): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.499.

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Vegetable oils are bio-fluids that could replace petroleum-based products due to its environment friendly characteristics and becoming an important source of bio-lubricants. The great advantage of vegetable oils is that they are widely available, renewable source of bio-lubricants. Moreover, vegetable oil based lubricant have shown the potential to reduce carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emissions when operated in engines. There are two ways to use vegetable oil as a bio-lubricant, either use directly the neat vegetable oil without any additives or use with certain blending ratio of the vegetable oil with mineral lubricant. In this paper, the influences of the normal load on the tribological characteristics for the blending of two types of vegetable oils were investigated and compared with commercial lubricant oil by the use of the four ball tribotester. The vegetable blends are RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil ratio of RBD40/J60. All experimental works were conforming to ASTM D4172. The results exhibited that the both blending of RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil has lower the wear scar of ball bearings and coefficient of friction compared to commercial lubricant oil. As a conclusion, the blending of RBD palm olein and Jatropha oil has better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat RBD palm olein.

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Kreivaitis, Raimondas, Milda Gumbytė, Artūras Kupčinskas, Jolanta Treinytė i Eglė Sendžikienė. "Synthesis and Tribological Properties of Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium Erucate as a Potential Environmentally Friendly Lubricant and Lubricant Additive". Applied Sciences 13, nr 6 (7.03.2023): 3401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063401.

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Recently, environmentally friendly lubricants and their additives have been of great interest. Using such lubricants can provide a few benefits, namely: nontoxicity and biodegradability when exposed to groundwater or soil. Moreover, renewable raw materials could be used to produce these lubricants. This study aims to synthesize bis (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium erucate protic ionic liquid containing a renewable counterpart-erucic acid. The synthesis of bis (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium erucate, its physical properties, solubility in the base lubricating fluid, and tribological properties were evaluated. The study shows that even though the investigated protic ionic liquid is liquid at room temperature, it has a very high kinematic viscosity, which drops when the temperature increases. Bis (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium erucate can be dissolved in water up to 3 wt%. It also has excellent lubricity when used as a neat lubricant and could be successfully applied as a lubricity-enhancing additive in water.

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Gahir, Gurmeet Singh, i Surendrapal Singh Matharu. "Characterization of Non-Edible Oil for Development of Stable Industrial Lubricant". E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 04045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340504045.

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Lubricant derived from Mineral oil are not renewable, detrimental to health, and fluctuating in price. As a result, vegetable based oils are regarded as best substitute of mineral oil in the manufacturing of lubricants. It has become vital to do analysis on the application of unconsumable oils for stable industry lubricant development. In this work, the characteristic investigation of lubricant derived from vegetable which are not edible (ex-Jatropha) that can be used for industrial application is analysed. The oil was analysed and changed to make it suitable for development as lubricants for industrial uses. As a control, a mineral based oil that is commercially available as lubricant (SAE 20/W50) was employed. Jatropha oil was modified to improve viscosity while modification has also reduced the viscosity index in parallel. Jatropha oil, contrasting any other vegetable oils, has outstanding cold-flow capabilities, and mitigation of the oils has further improved oil’s cold-flow properties. The pH exhibited by modified Jatropha oil is in the alkaline scale, a high viscosity index. Thus, both modified and unmodified (Esterified) Jatropha oil have been proven to be appropriate for industry usage in low-temperature networks. The modified Jatropha oil was discovered to be an environmentally safe substitute of the oil that are mineral based lubricant (SAE 20/W50) to be used in 2- stroke engines, metal shaping, and gear lubrication in the food treating industry.

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Jabal, Mohammed H., Muhannad Z. Khlefia i Abdulmunem R. Abdulmunem. "T RIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF MUSTARD SEEDS OIL UNDER DIFFERENT LOADS USING PIN-ON-DISK TRIBOTESTER". IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 18, nr 4 (6.01.2019): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.v18i4.234.

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Vegetable oil has been investigated to displace products which are derived frompetroleum because of its environmentally-safe properties and has become a vital source forbio-lubricants. Vegetable oil availability as one of the renewable sources is one of theusefulness of it. Additionally, the vegetable oils based lubricant has indicated the potentialsfor reducing carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon emission while operating in internalcombustion engines and in industrial processes. In this study, the mustard seeds oil wasinvestigated to study its lubricant characteristics under different loads while comparing itwith commercial lubricant using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The whole experiential workswere corresponding to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM G99).Under lowload, the results exhibit that the mustard seeds oil shows adequate tribological characteristicscompared to other petroleum oil samples. In conclusion, the mustard seeds oil has a betterwear and friction resistance. Therefore, mustard seeds oil can be used for lubrication ofmating components.

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Wagner, Helena, Rolf Luther i Theo Mang. "Lubricant base fluids based on renewable raw materials". Applied Catalysis A: General 221, nr 1-2 (listopad 2001): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00891-2.

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Balakrishnan, Madhesan, Eric R. Sacia, Sanil Sreekumar, Gorkem Gunbas, Amit A. Gokhale, Corinne D. Scown, F. Dean Toste i Alexis T. Bell. "Novel pathways for fuels and lubricants from biomass optimized using life-cycle greenhouse gas assessment". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, nr 25 (8.06.2015): 7645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508274112.

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Decarbonizing the transportation sector is critical to achieving global climate change mitigation. Although biofuels will play an important role in conventional gasoline and diesel applications, bioderived solutions are particularly important in jet fuels and lubricants, for which no other viable renewable alternatives exist. Producing compounds for jet fuel and lubricant base oil applications often requires upgrading fermentation products, such as alcohols and ketones, to reach the appropriate molecular-weight range. Ketones possess both electrophilic and nucleophilic functionality, which allows them to be used as building blocks similar to alkenes and aromatics in a petroleum refining complex. Here, we develop a method for selectively upgrading biomass-derived alkyl methyl ketones with >95% yields into trimer condensates, which can then be hydrodeoxygenated in near-quantitative yields to give a new class of cycloalkane compounds. The basic chemistry developed here can be tailored for aviation fuels as well as lubricants by changing the production strategy. We also demonstrate that a sugarcane biorefinery could use natural synergies between various routes to produce a mixture of lubricant base oils and jet fuels that achieve net life-cycle greenhouse gas savings of up to 80%.

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Hassan, Mehmood Ul, Muhammad Usman, Rehmat Bashir, Asad Naeem Shah, Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik, M. A. Mujtaba, Samah Elsayed Elkhatib i Md Abul Kalam. "Tribological Analysis of Molybdenum Disulfide (MOS2) Additivated in the Castor and Mineral Oil Used in Diesel Engine". Sustainability 14, nr 17 (23.08.2022): 10485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710485.

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The lubrication phenomenon is used to reduce friction and wear between two rubbed surfaces, such as in engine and cutting processes. Different oils such as mineral oil and synthetic lubricant are being used for this purpose. With the passage of time, the demand of energy will get higher and natural resources and mineral lubricants will be diminished. Furthermore, biodegradation of mineral oil is too slow, and it remains on the surface of earth for a long period of time, creating atmospheric pollution. To overcome this problem, bio lubricants are being used to reduce wear and friction due to their high biodegradability. In order to increase the lubrication capacity of castor oil, a 1 wt. % concentration of MoS2 nanoparticles was added to the base oil. Moreover, to stabilize the additives, 2 wt. % gum arabic and 1 wt. % Oleic acid (OA) were also added. Then, multiple tests, such as of physicochemical properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) of synthetic lubricant and conventional lubricant, were carried out before and after the operational running of 100 h on the diesel engine for each lubricant at 75% throttle, 2200 rpm, and 50% of total load. The results show that the behavior of newly prepared MoS2-based synthetic lubricant possessed higher characteristics in some physicochemical properties and was marginally lacking in other properties compared to shell lubricant. The flash point and specific gravity of synthetic lubricant were decreased compared to shell oil, with relative decreases of 0.27% and 1.15%, respectively. Ash and kinematic viscosity of 40 °C had a relative increase of 4.17% and 1.61%, respectively, and at a kinematic viscosity of 100 °C, the pour points and total base number (TBN) were relatively increased at 1.09%, 6.02%, and 1.38%, respectively, with respect to the properties of the shell lubricant. Moreover, this analysis evaluated that the reduction of wear and tear in synthetic lubricant regarding chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) was decreased by 21.12%, 3.39%, and 0.96%, respectively, but in the case of aluminum (Al) the wear and tear was marginally increased, at 1.17%, compared to shell lubricant. In the case of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn), the concentration was decreased by 3.59% and 17.41%, respectively. The FTIR analysis shows that all the peaks of the synthetic lubricant and shell lubricant were overlapping each other in the first three regions of the mid-IR spectra from 4000 to 1500 cm−1 and had the same functional groups—hydroxyl stretch (O-H), alkanes (C-H), carbonyls (C=O), aromatic amines (C-N), and alkyl halides (C-Br)—which were attached but fluctuating in the fingerprint region. The results show that shell lubricant can be replaced with MoS2-based synthetic lubricant because the latter has superior friction reduction and load-bearing capability and can compete favorably with commercial shell oil in wear protection when additivated with MoS2-based nanoparticles, and hence can be a good alternative for diesel engine oil.

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Liu, Sibao, Tyler R. Josephson, Abhay Athaley, Qile P. Chen, Angela Norton, Marianthi Ierapetritou, J. Ilja Siepmann, Basudeb Saha i Dionisios G. Vlachos. "Renewable lubricants with tailored molecular architecture". Science Advances 5, nr 2 (luty 2019): eaav5487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav5487.

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We present a strategy to synthesize three types of renewable lubricant base oils with up to 90% yield using 2-alkylfurans, derived from nonfood biomass, and aldehydes, produced from natural oils or biomass through three chemistries: hydroxyalkylation/alkylation (HAA), HAA followed by hydrogenation, and HAA followed by hydrodeoxygenation. These molecules consist of (i) furan rings, (ii) saturated furan rings, and (iii) deoxygenated branched alkanes. The structures of these molecules can be tailored in terms of carbon number, branching length, distance between branches, and functional groups. The site-specific, energy-efficient C–C coupling chemistry in oxygenated biomass compounds, unmatched in current refineries, provides tailored structure and tunable properties. Molecular simulation demonstrates the ability to predict properties in agreement with experiments, proving the potential for molecular design.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "RENEWABLE LUBRICANT"

PATHAK, VARUN. "SOME STUDIES ON SYNTHESIS AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BIOLUBRICANT DERIVED FROM CASTOR OIL". Thesis, 2014. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15619.

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The world today is facing severe oil crisis and environmental pollution, thus there is a great urgency of developing and applying bio based products as a substitute to mineral oil based products. Rapid industrialization and automation in the last decade has increased the demand of mineral oil based lubricant that will get exhausted in the years to come. Also in addition to the above fact, the biodegradability of mineral -oil based lubricants is around 25% maximum. About 50% of all lubricants sold worldwide end up in the Environment. Due to extensive use of mineral oil based lubricants, several environmental issues such as surface water and groundwater contamination, Air pollution, soil contamination, agricultural product and food contamination are emerging very rapidly. Due to above mentioned reasons and an increased awareness of people about the adverse effects of mineral lubricants on the environment and an ever increasing demand for cleaner and healthier environment has led the government to make very high order strict regulations for mineral lubricants. Due to this, there is an amplified demand for environment friendly lubricants more over in areas where there are chances of interaction between lubricants and water, food or people. Thus, over the past few years vegetable oil lubricants has come out as a potential substitute to the lubricants derived from mineral oils and they are currently being exhaustively researched by scientists Lubricants derived from vegetable oils are extremely eye-catching auxiliary to the lubricants derived from mineral oil as these are completely environment friendly, renewable in nature, not-hazardous and fully naturally degradable. Lubricants derived from vegetable oils are chosen not only because of renewable nature but also because of the fact that they possess great lubricating characteristics like high VI, higher flash-point, lower volatility, great contact lubricating capacity and good solvency with other liquid additives. However, a high degree of multiple C–C unsaturations in the fatty acid (FA) chain of vegetable oils causes poor thermal and oxidative stability. This fact confines their use as lubricants to a modest range of temperature. In the current work for formulation of bio-degradable lubricants simple esterification reaction was carried out between raw castor oil (RCO) and methanol to form castor oil methyl ester (COME).Also raw castor oil (RCO) was chemically modified via epoxidation to vi formulate chemically modified castor oil (CMCO) to increase oxidative stability of castor oil. Apart from this, as part of another formulation castor oil was thermally modified to form thermally modified castor oil (TMCO Finally all the formulated bio-lubricants were subjected to various tribological tests viz. evaporative loss, viscosity index, iodine value, pour point, oxidation stability and four ball wear test. Results were analyzed and compared with conventional lubricant SAE 20W40.The castor oil based formulations showed promising properties to justify themselves to be an excellent substitute to conventional SAE 20W40 oil.

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Części książek na temat "RENEWABLE LUBRICANT"

Mota Gomes Arruda, Tathilene Bezerra, Francisco Eduardo Arruda Rodrigues, Manoel Barbosa Dantas, Solange Assunção Quintella, David Thomas Duarte Arruda, Célio Loureiro Cavalcante i Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo. "Obtaining Long-Chain Esters with Lubricant Properties from Sesame Biomass (Sesamum indicum)". W Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol I, 31–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17777-9_3.

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Kurniawan, Aris, i Sutardi. "Numerical Study of the Generator Lubricant Cooler Air-Side Flow to Increase the Reliability of GTG#1.3 PLTGU Muara Karang". W Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Systems, 121–30. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1581-9_14.

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Gnanasekaran, Dhorali, i Venkata Prasad Chavidi. "Biodegradable, Renewable, and Eco-friendly Vegetable Oil: Lubricants". W Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology, 29–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4870-8_2.

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O’Leary Havelka, Kathleen, i Gregory E. Gerhardt. "From Biorefinery to Performance Technology: Transforming Renewable Olefinic Building Blocks into Lubricants and Other High-Value Products". W ACS Symposium Series, 201–22. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2015-1192.ch013.

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Bart, Jan C. J., Emanuele Gucciardi i Stefano Cavallaro. "Renewable feedstocks for lubricant production". W Biolubricants, 121–248. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857096326.121.

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Bart, Jan C. J., Emanuele Gucciardi i Stefano Cavallaro. "Chemical transformations of renewable lubricant feedstocks". W Biolubricants, 249–350. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857096326.249.

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Bart, Jan C. J., Emanuele Gucciardi i Stefano Cavallaro. "Renewable lubricants". W Biolubricants, 1–9. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857096326.1.

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"Renewable Resources". W Encyclopedia of Lubricants and Lubrication, 1553. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22647-2_100599.

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"Renewable Raw Material". W Encyclopedia of Lubricants and Lubrication, 1553. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22647-2_100598.

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Choudhury, Sounak K., i Muhammed Muaz. "Natural Oils as Green Lubricants in Machining Processes". W Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials, 129–36. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.10848-3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "RENEWABLE LUBRICANT"

Miller, Mark. "Innovations in High Performance, Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs) inÂ Lubricant Applications". W 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nahb2135.

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Green initiatives are everywhere. Bio-fuels, wind energy, renewable fibers are just a few of the environmental initiatives that have recently made headlines. Meanwhile some of the greatest innovations have been in the development and utilization of high performance, environmentally acceptable lubricants (EALs). This paper/presentation focuses on the innovations, features, benefits, strengths and limitation of the different types of EALs. It explores classification of base fluids and additives as well as the requirements of finished lubricants. It compares the performance of conventional petroleum products and bio-lubricants. The different definitions of environmental acceptability why that is important will be explored. The regulatory driving forces will be identified as well as the requirements for each. The considerations for choosing the type of EAL that is most applicable to specific applications will be studied. Finally, the best maintenance practices to ensure long fluid and equipment life will be discussed.

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Saidi, Mohamed Zoubair, Hanane Akram, Ouafae Achak, Chaouki El Moujahid, Tarik Chafik, Nadia Canilho, Marie Jose Stebe, Andreea Pasc i Abderrahim El Mouakibi. "Enhanced Dispersibility of MoS2 Nanoparticles in Poly-α-Olephines Lubricant Through Surface Modification". W 2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2017.8477327.

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Erhan, S. Z., A. Adhvaryu i Z. Liu. "Chemical Modification of Vegetable Oils for Lubricant Basestocks". W ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0595.

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Use of vegetable oil based lubricants will reduce petroleum imports and have a favorable environmental impact. The vegetable oils are derived from a renewable sources, biodegradable, non-toxic, possess high flash points and have low volatility. Inadequate oxidative stability and poor low-temperature properties of vegetable oils limit their utilization as lubricants. In this study, we report the development of chemical modification methods to improve these functional properties. The resultant vegetable oil derivatives having diester substitution at the sites of unsaturation shows comparable properties to mineral base fluids.

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Juan Fan, Muying Cai i Jie Chang. "Study on Jatropha oil as a promising renewable lube base oil for bio-lubricant". W 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988632.

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Tang, Zhongping, Peng Jin, Dingwei Sun, Shaoming Zhang i Weimin Liu. "Investigation of Some Base Oil as Biodegradable Water-Cooling Two-Stroke Engine Oil". W ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1328.

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According to statistics, a large portion of used lubricants remain as potential hazards for the environment. Particularly, about 30 to 50% lubricant used in outboard marine engines is not burned completely and released into the water. As a result, consumers demand environmentally compatible lubricants due to concern about loss of mineral oil-based lubricants to the environment which can result in water contamination and pose a threat to animal and plant life. To prevent bioaccumulation of these materials in aquatic plants and animals, many agencies are considering regulations toward to biodegradable two-stroke outboard marine engines oil. Vegetable oils and ester oils are very suitable to develop “green lubricants”. Ester oils usually show excellent high temperature stability, low temperature fluidity, high viscosity index, very low volatility, good miscibility and biodegradability, but they are expensive and also produce many poisonous materials to environmental during produce process. Vegetable oils are biodegradable, nontoxic and renewable, moreover, their cost is reasonable compared to ester oils. Accordingly, vegetable oils are considered as potential candidates to replace conventional mineral oil-based lubricating oils, but the poor oxidative stability limits their utilization in large scale. Investigation of this work have found that proper percentage rapeseed oil can meet the requirements of biodegradable water-cooling two stroke engine oil, futhermore this two-cycle engine oil has good miscibility without need any miscibility-enhancing solvents. Research results indicate that two-cycle engine oil, which comprised rapeseed oil, ester oil and low viscosity hydrocracked oil as well as functional additives, exhibits good oxidative stability, easy biodegradability and good miscibility.

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Lim, Young-Kwan, Jong-Ryeol Kim, Choong-Sub Jung, Joung Min Lee i EuiSoon Yim. "Analytic Study of Lubricity of DME as Alternative Fuel". W ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-23021.

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In recent years, there have been increased concerns for the global warming and the exhaustion of resources caused by the heavy consumption of the fossil fuel. For this reason, biomass has been brought to great attention as a renewable source of energy to mitigate the situation. In this particular area, DME (dimethyl ether) fuel produced from biomass, biogas, and coal is expected to be useful as one of the eco-friendly synthetic fuel alternatives to petrodiesel. Diesel engine need fuel lubricity due to their severe condition (high pressure and temperature) but DME have low lubricity. In this study, we developed the analytic system for DME lubricity test which is pressurized chambered tester. Also we synthesized various of biodisel from 12 kinds of vegetable oil under base catalyst system. Oxygen compounds definitely contributed to the natural lubricity of fuel, biodiesel have ester group which is polar oxygenated functional group. After prepared test system and biodiesel as lubricant, we analyzed the lubricity of neat DME, neat biodiesels and DME-lubricant blended (100 ppm to 2000 ppm) fuel.

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Bailey, Brent, James Eberhardt, Steve Goguen i Jimell Erwin. "Diethyl Ether (DEE) as a Renewable Diesel Fuel". W International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/972978.

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Santasalo-Aarnio, Annukka, Judit Nyari, Michal Wojcieszyk, Ossi Kaario, Yuri Kroyan, Mohamed Magdeldin, Martti Larmi i Mika Järvinen. "Application of Synthetic Renewable Methanol to Power the Future Propulsion". W SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2151.

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Makinen, Reijo, Nils-Olof Nylund, Kimmo Erkkilä lng, Pirjo Saikkonen i Arno Amberla. "Bus Fleet Operation on Renewable Paraffinic Diesel Fuel". W SAE International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1965.

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Spoof-Tuomi, Kirsi, Ville Vauhkonen, Seppo Niemi, Teemu Ovaska, Vilja Lehtonen, Sonja Heikkilä i Olav Nilsson. "Crude Tall Oil based Renewable Diesel: Performance, Emission Characteristics and Storage Stability". W SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Digital Summit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-1208.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "RENEWABLE LUBRICANT"

Renewable Fuels and Lubricants (ReFUEL) Laboratory (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036899.

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