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Kannich, Rosene. "Automated selection of topographic base information for thematic maps". Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/544/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMSc(R) thesis submitted to the Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
Horstman, Kevin Charles. "Geological, remote sensing, and geophysical investigation of the greater Arivaca region, Pima and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565552.
Pełny tekst źródłaNecsoiu, Dorel Marius. "A Data Fusion Framework for Floodplain Analysis using GIS and Remotely Sensed Data". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2557/.
Pełny tekst źródłaUmbert, Ceresuela Marta. "Exploiting the multiscale synergy among ocean variables : application to the improvement of remote sensing salinity maps". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/321115.
Pełny tekst źródłaRemote sensing imagery of the ocean surface provides a synoptic view of the complex geometry of ocean circulation, which is dominated by mesoscale variability. The signature of filaments and vortices is present in different ocean scalars advected by the oceanic flow. The most probable origin of the observed structures is the turbulent character of ocean currents, and those signatures are persistent over time scales compatible with ocean mesoscale dynamics. At spatial scales of kilometers or more, turbulence is mainly 2D, and a complex geometry, full of filaments and eddies of different sizes, emerges in remote sensing images of surface chlorophyll-a concentration and surface salinity, as well as in other scalars acquired with higher quality such as surface temperature and absolute dynamic topography. The aim of this thesis is to explore and apply mapping methodologies to improve the quality of remote sensing maps in general, but focusing in the case of remotely sensed sea surface salinity (SSS) data. The different methodologies studied in this thesis have been applied with the specific goal of improving surface salinity maps generated from data acquired by the European Space Agency's mission SMOS, the first satellite able to measure soil moisture and ocean salinity from space at a global scale. The first part of this thesis will introduce the characteristics of the operational SMOS Level 2 (L2) SSS products and the classical approaches to produce the best possible SSS maps at Level 3 (L3), namely data filtering, weighted average and Optimal Interpolation. In the course of our research we will obtain a set of recommendations about how to process SMOS data starting from L2 data. A fusion technique designed to exploit the common turbulent signatures between different ocean variables is also explored in this thesis, in what represents a step forward from L3 to Level 4 (L4). This fusion technique is theoretically based on the geometrical properties of advected tracers. Due to the effect of the strong shear in turbulent flows, the spatial structure of tracers inherit some properties of the underlying flow and, in particular, its geometrical arrangement. As a consequence, different ocean variables exhibit scaling properties, similar to the turbulent energy cascade. The fusion method takes a signal affected by noise, data gaps and/or low resolution, and improves it in a geophysically meaningful way. This signal improvement is achieved by using an appropriate data, which is another ocean variable acquired with higher quality, greater spatial coverage and/or finer resolution. A key point in this approach is the assumption of the existence of a multifractal structure in ocean images, and that singularity lines of the different ocean variables coincide. Under these assumptions, the horizontal gradients of both variables, signal and template, can be related by a smooth matrix. The first, simplest approach to exploit such an hypothesis assumes that the relating matrix is proportional to the identity, leading to a local regression scheme. As shown in the thesis, this simple approach allows reducing the error and improving the coverage of the resulting Level 4 product; Moreover, information about the statistical relationship between the two fields is obtained since the functional dependence between signal and template is determined at each point.
Tyoda, Zipho. "Landslide susceptibility mapping : remote sensing and GIS approach". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79856.
Pełny tekst źródłaLandslide susceptibility maps are important for development planning and disaster management. The current synthesis of landslide susceptibility maps largely applies GIS and remote sensing techniques. One of the most critical stages on landslide susceptibility mapping is the selection of landslide causative factors and weighting of the selected causative factors, in accordance to their influence to slope instability. GIS is ideal when deriving static factors i.e. slope and aspect and most importantly in the synthesis of landslide susceptibility maps. The integration of landslide causative thematic maps requires the selection of the weighting method; in order to weight the causative thematic maps in accordance to their influence to slope instability. Landslide susceptibility mapping is based on the assumption that future landslides will occur under similar circumstances as historic landslides. The weight of evidence method is ideal for landslide susceptibility mapping, as it calculates the weights of the causative thematic maps using known landslides points. This method was applied in an area within the Western Cape province of South Africa, the area is known to be highly susceptible to landslide occurrences. A prediction rate of 80.37% was achieved. The map combination approach was also applied and achieved a prediction rate of 50.98%. Satellite remote sensing techniques can be used to derive the thematic information needed to synthesize landslide susceptibility maps and to monitor the variable parameters influencing landslide susceptibility. Satellite remote sensing techniques can contribute to landslide investigation at three distinct phases namely: (1) detection and classification of landslides (2) monitoring landslide movement and identification of conditions leading up to an event (3) analysis and prediction of slope failures. Various sources of remote sensing data can contribute to these phases. Although the detection and classification of landslides through the remote sensing techniques is important to define landslide controlling parameters, the ideal is to use remote sensing data for monitoring of areas susceptible to landslide occurrence in an effort to provide an early warning. In this regard, optical remote sensing data was used successfully to monitor the variable conditions (vegetation health and productivity) that make an area susceptible to landslide occurrence.
Aleong-Mackay, Kathryn. "Landsat imagery and small-scale vegetation maps : data supplementation and verification : a case study of the Maralal area, northern Kenya". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66182.
Pełny tekst źródłaCamacho, Mark A. "Depth analysis of Midway Atoll using Quickbird multi-spectral imaging over variable substrates". Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2674.
Pełny tekst źródłaPark, Kyoung Jin. "Generating Thematic Maps from Hyperspectral Imagery Using a Bag-of-Materials Model". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366296426.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaxter, Katrina. "Linking seafloor mapping and ecological models to improve classification of marine habitats : opportunities and lessons learnt in the Recherche Archipelago, Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0181.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarmody, James Daniel Physical Environmental & Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Deriving bathymetry from multispectral and hyperspectral imagery". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38654.
Pełny tekst źródłaHollinger, David L. "Crop Condition and Yield Prediction at the Field Scale with Geospatial and Artificial Neural Network Applications". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310493197.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlkhadour, Wissam M. "Reconstruction of 3D scenes from pairs of uncalibrated images. Creation of an interactive system for extracting 3D data points and investigation of automatic techniques for generating dense 3D data maps from pairs of uncalibrated images for remote sensing applications". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4933.
Pełny tekst źródłaAl-Baath University
The appendices files and images are not available online.
Johnson, Adam Bradford. "THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO CREATE LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS AND TO DETERMINE THE CHANGES IN THE LAND USE AND LAND COVER OVER A TEN YEAR PERIOD". MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07072005-193332/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlkhadour, Wissam Mohamad. "Reconstruction of 3D scenes from pairs of uncalibrated images : creation of an interactive system for extracting 3D data points and investigation of automatic techniques for generating dense 3D data maps from pairs of uncalibrated images for remote sensing applications". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4933.
Pełny tekst źródłaGonçalves, Marcio Leandro. "Metodos de classificação não-supervisionada de imagens de sensoriamento remoto usando mapas auto-organizaveis de Kohonen". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261035.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcompanha Anexo A: Midia com informações adicionais em CD-R
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T08:13:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_MarcioLeandro_D.pdf: 17165173 bytes, checksum: 5d69834b0b51b236f01317b4de54a2b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Esta tese propõe novas metodologias de classificação não-supervisionada de imagens de sensoriamento remoto que particularmente exploram as características e propriedades do Mapa Auto-organizável de Kohonen (SOM - Self-Organizing Map). O ponto chave dos métodos de classificação propostos é realizar a análise de agrupamentos das imagens através do mapeamento produzido pelo SOM, ao invés de trabalhar diretamente com os padrões originais das cenas. Tal estratégia reduz significativamente a complexidade da análise dos dados, tornando possível a utilização de técnicas normalmente consideradas computacionalmente inviáveis para o processamento de imagens de sensoriamento remoto, como métodos de agrupamentos hierárquicos e índices de validação de agrupamentos. Diferentemente de outras abordagens, nas quais o SOM é utilizado como ferramenta de auxílio visual para a detecção de agrupamentos, nos métodos de classificação propostos, mecanismos para analisar de maneira automática o arranjo de neurônios de um SOM treinado são aplicados e aprimorados com o objetivo de encontrar as melhores partições para os conjuntos de dados das imagens. Baseando-se nas propriedades estatísticas do SOM, modificações nos cálculos de índices de validação agrupamentos são propostas com o objetivo de reduzir o custo computacional do processo de classificação das imagens. Técnicas de análise de textura em imagens são aplicadas para avaliar e filtrar amostras de treinamento e/ou protótipos do SOM que correspondem a regiões de transição entre classes de cobertura terrestre. Informações espaciais a respeito dos protótipos do SOM, além das informações de distância multiespectral, também são aplicadas em critérios de fusão de agrupamentos procurando facilitar a discriminação de classes de cobertura terrestre que apresentam alto grau de similaridade espectral. Resultados experimentais mostram que os métodos de classificação propostos apresentam vantagens significativas em relação às técnicas de classificação não-supervisionada mais freqüentemente utilizadas na área de sensoriamento remoto.
Abstract: This thesis proposes new methods of unsupervised classification for remotely sensed images which particularly exploit the characteristics and properties of the Kohonen Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The key point is to execute the clustering process through a set of prototypes of SOM instead of analyzing directly the original patterns of the image. This strategy significantly reduces the complexity of data analysis, making it possible to use techniques that have not usually been considered computationally viable for processing remotely sensed images, such as hierarchical clustering methods and cluster validation indices. Unlike other approaches in which SOM is used as a visual tool for detection of clusters, the proposed classification methods automatically analyze the neurons grid of a trained SOM in order to find better partitions for data sets of images. Based on the statistical properties of the SOM, clustering validation indices calculated in a modified manner are proposed with the aim of reducing the computational cost of the classification process of images. Image texture analysis techniques are applied to evaluate and filter training samples and/or prototypes of the SOM that correspond to transition regions between land cover classes. Spatial information about the prototypes of the SOM, in addition to multiespectral distance information, are also incorporated in criteria for merging clusters with aim to facilitate the discrimination of land cover classes which have high spectral similarity. Experimental results show that the proposed classification methods present significant advantages when compared to unsupervised classification techniques frequently used in remote sensing.
Doutorado
Engenharia de Computação
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Pagliarani, Arianna. "Potenzialità di utilizzo di dati satellitari Sentinel-2 a supporto di procedure di Sensitivity Mapping in area costiera". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaWiggers, Kelly Lais. "ANÁLISE EM UMA IMAGEM ORBITAL DE ALTA RESOLUÇÃO PARA CLASSIFICAÇÃO DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA DE UMA ÁREA DA BACIA DO PITANGUI - PR". UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/126.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O Sensoriamento Remoto (SR) dispõe de tecnologias em constante crescimento e com grande potencial para a agricultura, tanto no gerenciamento de culturas, manejo de solo, bem como discriminações de feições da terra. Atualmente, há muitos métodos de análise e categorização de paisagens, que com a integração de dados de SR e técnicas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) apresentam alternativa promissora. Isto é, proporcionam maior facilidade na manipulação de dados geográficos, bem como otimização da validação a campo. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa foi realizada utilizando classificação digital não-supervisionada pela Rede Neural Artificial (RNA) Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) no reconhecimento de padrões de uso e cobertura da terra em um recorte de imagem orbital de alta resolução Rapideye pertencente à Bacia do Pitangui, o qual abrange o município de Ponta Grossa, localizado a centro-leste do Estado do Paraná. Primeiramente aplicouse a técnica NDVI (Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada) para estimular a separação das classes, principalmente os diferentes tipos de cultivos agrícolas, bem como cobertura florestal. A imagem orbital e NDVI foram segmentadas por meio de Análise de Imagem Baseada em Objeto (GEOBIA), gerando descritores com propriedades espaciais, espectrais e de textura, culminando no banco de dados relacional (BDR) com tais descritores. Mediante Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) reduziu-se a dimensionalidade dos dados do BDR, selecionando os descritores mais significativos. A dimensionalidade foi reduzida, sem perda de informação, de 42 descritores para 21, a saber 6 espaciais, 12 espectrais e 3 de textura. Após esta preparação dos dados, utilizou-se a RNA SOM para o reconhecimento dos padrões pré-determinados a campo. As classes de uso e cobertura da terra discriminadas pela RNA SOM foram cultivos (cultivo 1, 2, 3 e 4), estradas e construções, cobertura florestal e corpos d’água. A RNA SOM culminou no agrupamento das classes cultivos inclusive em relação ao seu ciclo fenológico. A associação da banda artificial NDVI, com seus descritores às bandas espectrais, incrementou a separabilidade entre classes, tais como cobertura florestal e corpos d’água. As classes de uso e cobertura da terra foram validadas a campo, a exatidão global foi de 91% de acerto, com índice kappa de 0,9, considerado resultado excelente em valores de referência. Também foi realizado o teste estatístico F, o qual satisfez as hipóteses de nulidade nas áreas analisadas.Conclui-se que os métodos utilizados apresentaram eficácia, agilidade e baixo custo no mapeamento d o uso e cobertura da terra em escala detalhada.
Remote Sensing (RS) uses steadily growing technologies and presents great potential for agriculture, e.g. in crop and land management, as well as for discrimination of land features. Currently, there are many methods of analysis and landscape categorization that when integrated with RS data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques stage as promising alternatives. That is, they provide greater ease in handling spatial data as well as optimizing validation on the field. In this context, this study was carried out using unsupervised digital classification with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Self- Organizing Maps (SOM), in order to recognize patterns of land cover and land use in part of a high-resolution Rapideye orbital image belonging to the Pitangui River Basin, which encompasses the city of Ponta Grossa, located in the Central-Eastern portion of the State of Paraná. Initially, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) technique was applied to stimulate the separation of classes, especially to evidence different types of agricultural crops and forest cover. The orbital image and the NDVI were segmented through Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA), generating descriptors with spatial, spectral and textural properties, culminating in the relational database (RDB) with such descriptors. With Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dimensionality of the BDR data was reduced, selecting the most significant descriptors. Dimensionality was reduced without information loss, from 42 descriptors to 21, namely 6 spatial, 12 spectral and 3 textural. After this data preparation, ANN SOM was used to recognize predetermined patterns in the field. The classes of land cover and land use discriminated by ANN SOM were crops (crop 1, 2, 3 and 4), roads and buildings; forest cover and water bodies. The ANN SOM culminated in the grouping of crop classes including in relation to its phenological cycle. The association of the NDVI artificial band with descriptors to spectral bands, increased the separability between classes, such as forest cover and water bodies. Classes of land cover and land use were validated in the field, the global accuracy was 91%, with kappa index of 0.9 and considered to be excellent as reference values. F statistical test was also carried out and showed satisfiability in the analyzed areas. It is concluded that the methods used were effective, agile and low-cost in detailed scale mapping of land use and coverage.
Myburgh, Gerhard. "The impact of training set size and feature dimensionality on supervised object-based classification : a comparison of three classifiers". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71655.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: Supervised classifiers are commonly used in remote sensing to extract land cover information. They are, however, limited in their ability to cost-effectively produce sufficiently accurate land cover maps. Various factors affect the accuracy of supervised classifiers. Notably, the number of available training samples is known to significantly influence classifier performance and to obtain a sufficient number of samples is not always practical. The support vector machine (SVM) does perform well with a limited number of training samples. But little research has been done to evaluate SVM’s performance for geographical object-based image analysis (GEOBIA). GEOBIA also allows the easy integration of additional features into the classification process, a factor which may significantly influence classification accuracies. As such, two experiments were developed and implemented in this research. The first compared the performances of object-based SVM, maximum likelihood (ML) and nearest neighbour (NN) classifiers using varying training set sizes. The effect of feature dimensionality on classifier accuracy was investigated in the second experiment. A SPOT 5 subscene and a four-class classification scheme were used. For the first experiment, training set sizes ranging from 4-20 per land cover class were tested. The performance of all the classifiers improved significantly as the training set size was increased. The ML classifier performed poorly when few (<10 per class) training samples were used and the NN classifier performed poorly compared to SVM throughout the experiment. SVM was the superior classifier for all training set sizes although ML achieved competitive results for sets of 12 or more training samples per class. Training sets were kept constant (20 and 10 samples per class) for the second experiment while an increasing number of features (1 to 22) were included. SVM consistently produced superior classification results. SVM and NN were not significantly (negatively) affected by an increase in feature dimensionality, but ML’s ability to perform under conditions of large feature dimensionalities and few training areas was limited. Further investigations using a variety of imagery types, classification schemes and additional features; finding optimal combinations of training set size and number of features; and determining the effect of specific features should prove valuable in developing more costeffective ways to process large volumes of satellite imagery. KEYWORDS Supervised classification, land cover, support vector machine, nearest neighbour classification maximum likelihood classification, geographic object-based image analysis
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gerigte klassifiseerders word gereeld aangewend in afstandswaarneming om inligting oor landdekking te onttrek. Sulke klassifiseerders het egter beperkte vermoëns om akkurate landdekkingskaarte koste-effektief te produseer. Verskeie faktore het ʼn uitwerking op die akkuraatheid van gerigte klassifiseerders. Dit is veral bekend dat die getal beskikbare opleidingseenhede ʼn beduidende invloed op klassifiseerderakkuraatheid het en dit is nie altyd prakties om voldoende getalle te bekom nie. Die steunvektormasjien (SVM) werk goed met beperkte getalle opleidingseenhede. Min navorsing is egter gedoen om SVM se verrigting vir geografiese objek-gebaseerde beeldanalise (GEOBIA) te evalueer. GEOBIA vergemaklik die integrasie van addisionele kenmerke in die klassifikasie proses, ʼn faktor wat klassifikasie akkuraathede aansienlik kan beïnvloed. Twee eksperimente is gevolglik ontwikkel en geïmplementeer in hierdie navorsing. Die eerste eksperiment het objekgebaseerde SVM, maksimum waarskynlikheids- (ML) en naaste naburige (NN) klassifiseerders se verrigtings met verskillende groottes van opleidingstelle vergelyk. Die effek van kenmerkdimensionaliteit is in die tweede eksperiment ondersoek. ʼn SPOT 5 subbeeld en ʼn vier-klas klassifikasieskema is aangewend. Opleidingstelgroottes van 4-20 per landdekkingsklas is in die eerste eksperiment getoets. Die verrigting van die klassifiseerders het beduidend met ʼn toename in die grootte van die opleidingstelle verbeter. ML het swak presteer wanneer min (<10 per klas) opleidingseenhede gebruik is en NN het, in vergelyking met SVM, deurgaans swak presteer. SVM het die beste presteer vir alle groottes van opleidingstelle alhoewel ML kompeterend was vir stelle van 12 of meer opleidingseenhede per klas. Die grootte van die opleidingstelle is konstant gehou (20 en 10 eenhede per klas) in die tweede eksperiment waarin ʼn toenemende getal kenmerke (1 tot 22) toegevoeg is. SVM het deurgaans beter klassifikasieresultate gelewer. SVM en NN was nie beduidend (negatief) beïnvloed deur ʼn toename in kenmerkdimensionaliteit nie, maar ML se vermoë om te presteer onder toestande van groot kenmerkdimensionaliteite en min opleidingsareas was beperk. Verdere ondersoeke met ʼn verskeidenheid beelde, klassifikasie skemas en addisionele kenmerke; die vind van optimale kombinasies van opleidingstelgrootte en getal kenmerke; en die bepaling van die effek van spesifieke kenmerke sal waardevol wees in die ontwikkelling van meer koste effektiewe metodes om groot volumes satellietbeelde te prosesseer. TREFWOORDE Gerigte klassifikasie, landdekking, steunvektormasjien, naaste naburige klassifikasie, maksimum waarskynlikheidsklassifikasie, geografiese objekgebaseerde beeldanalise
De, Villiers Germari Marzen Luke J. King David T. "Remote sensing of shallow-marine impact craters on Mars". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1343.
Pełny tekst źródłaMilazzo, Moses Pollen. "Remote Sensing Of Thermally Induced Activity On Io And Mars". Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1363%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAshcraft, Ivan S. "Microwave Remote Sensing of the Greenland Ice Sheet: Models and Applications". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd532.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBayoudh, Meriam. "Apprentissage de connaissances structurelles à partir d’images satellitaires et de données exogènes pour la cartographie dynamique de l’environnement amazonien". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0671/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaClassical methods for satellite image analysis are inadequate for the current bulky data flow. Thus, automate the interpretation of such images becomes crucial for the analysis and management of phenomena changing in time and space, observable by satellite. Thus, this work aims at automating land cover cartography from satellite images, by expressive and easily interpretable mechanism, and by explicitly taking into account structural aspects of geographic information. It is part of the object-based image analysis framework, and assumes that it is possible to extract useful contextual knowledge from maps. Thus, a supervised parameterization methods of a segmentation algorithm is proposed. Secondly, a supervised classification of geographical objects is presented. It combines machine learning by inductive logic programming and the multi-class rule set intersection approach. These approaches are applied to the French Guiana coastline cartography. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the segmentation parameterization, but also its variability as a function of the reference map classes and of the input data. Yet, methodological developments allow to consider an operational implementation of such an approach. The results of the object supervised classification show that it is possible to induce expressive classification rules that convey consistent and structural information in a given application context and lead to reliable predictions, with overall accuracy and Kappa values equal to, respectively, 84,6% and 0,7. In conclusion, this work contributes to the automation of the dynamic cartography from remotely sensed images and proposes original and promising perpectives
LOUAHALA, SAM. "Signatures spectrales de roches en milieu tempere : valeurs reelles et valeurs percues par le satellite". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077109.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcLay, Nicholas Ross. "Ice Velocity and Mass Balance Study of the Skelton Glacier, Antarctica, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Gateway Antarctica, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7883.
Pełny tekst źródłaAllender, Elyse J. "Automated Tools and Techniques for Mars Forward Exploration". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1480328341223151.
Pełny tekst źródłaChee, Yenlai. "Remote sensing analysis of cratered surfaces Mars landing hazard assessment, comparison to terrestrial crater analogs, and Mars crater dating models /". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Pełny tekst źródłaWillame, Yannick. "Aerosol and ozone retrieval in the Martian atmosphere using the SPICAM/UV instrument and algorithm preparation for future missions". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219965.
Pełny tekst źródłaMars est la quatrième planète du Système Solaire en partant du Soleil. Comparée à la Terre, Mars se caractérise par une atmosphère significativement plus ténue, et possède également un cycle annuel des saisons plus marqué. Une année martienne dure environ deux années terrestres. Une des particularités de l'atmosphère de Mars réside en la présence persistante d'une couche de poussière en suspension.SPICAM est un instrument embarqué à bord du satellite Mars-Express qui orbite autour de Mars depuis fin 2003. Il comprend deux modules: SPICAM/IR, un spectromètre infrarouge (1.0 - 1.7 µm) et SPICAM/UV, un spectromètre opérant dans le domaine ultraviolet (106 - 317 nm). Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons analysé les mesures de SPICAM/UV obtenues en visée nadir dans l'intervalle spectral s'étendant de 220 à 290 nm.L'analyse de ce domaine spectral permet d'étudier différentes espèces ou constituants de l'atmosphère martienne telles que l'ozone, les poussières ainsi que les nuages de glace. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons développé une méthode capable d'inverser les spectres SPICAM/UV en visée nadir afin de restituer simultanément les quantités intégrées de ces différentes espèces, à savoir la colonne totale d'ozone ainsi que l'opacité intégrée des poussières et des nuages. Cette méthode est basée sur un code de transfert radiatif, permettant de tenir compte de la diffusion de la lumière par les particules en suspension dans l'atmosphère martienne. La réflectivité de la surface martienne est également étudiée et restituée pour les cas où aucun nuage n'est présent dans les scènes observées, les nuages réduisant la sensibilité en l'albédo de surface. Pour ce faire, un algorithme de détection des nuages a été développé et ses résultats ont été comparés avec les résultats obtenus par d'autres méthodes et instruments afin de le valider.Notre méthode d'inversion a été utilisée pour analyser les données recueillies par SPICAM/UV pendant plus de 4 années martiennes, permettant d'obtenir une climatologie des différentes espèces étudiées: des distributions spatiales et saisonnières de la colonne d'ozone, de l'opacité des poussières et nuages de glace ainsi que de l'albédo de surface sont présentées dans ce travail. Ces distributions sont discutées et comparées à celles obtenues dans des travaux antérieurs à l'aide d'autres instruments.Ce travail constitue également une préparation en vue de l'analyse des données de l'instrument NOMAD/UVIS, supervisé par l'IASB-BIRA, et qui sera lancé à bord de la sonde ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter en direction de Mars au début de l'année 2016. L'algorithme développé dans ce travail a notamment été utilisé pour l'estimation de performances de NOMAD/UVIS telles que les limites de détection de certains gaz (O3, SO2 et NH3) ou encore les valeurs du rapport de signal-sur-bruit.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Filho, Osmar Bazaglia. "Comparação entre mapas de solos obtidos pelos métodos convencional e digital numa área complexa". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-24042012-102912/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoil maps are essential for the development of agricultural areas in an economically viable and environmentally friendly manner. So far, Brazil only has soil maps of small scale (1:250,000 to 1:1,000,000), whose use is limited to agricultural and environmental planning at the farm. Despite its importance, in Brazil a few mappings have been carried out by public authorities, primarily because budget constraints and lack of soil scientists. In addition, 5 and 6 categorical levels of the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS), which should be used for detailed surveys, are not defined. Thus, little is known about the quality and level of similarity of the maps that have been undertaken in the country. The main reasons for this situation are: high cost, manpower and time required of mapping. An alternative to reducing these barriers is the digital soil mapping (DSM). Therefore, the objectives were to: (i) compare four conventional soil maps of the same complex area of the same scale (1:10,000), prepared by different independent soil scientists independently, and (ii) compare these with a soil map obtained by the DSM technique. For this purpose, we used a study area of 182 ha cultivated with sugar cane in the municipality of Rafard (SP). The same information was provided to the soil scientists: a geological map anda a semi-detailed pedological map (both scale 1:100,000), planialtimetric map and aerial photographs (both scale 1:10,000). Field trips, results of analysis and examination soil profiles were performed as deemed necessary. The information for the digital soil map included terrain attributes (elevation, slope, stream power, LS factor, plan and profile curvature), calculated from the digital elevation model generated based on the topographic map, and data reflectance of the surface soil of a satellite image Landsat 5 (TM sensor) obtained in the period that ground was bare. Such information has been summarized by principal component analysis, and subsequently made a subdivision of the area using Fuzzy K-means analysis. Observations were made in each compartment to classify them as a mapping unit. The maps were then compared two by two, the spatial correspondence being measured for each of the four levels established in the Brazilian System of Soil Classification, and beyond the increased textural information. Both for comparisons between conventional maps, and for comparisons to the digital map, there was a reduction of spatial correspondence to the more detailed categoric levels. The longest match final (4th level + texture) occurred between conventional maps A and B (24.3%). The highest spatial correlation in relation to the digital map that occurred was between it and the map A (35.2%) and the map B (28.7%). Therefore it is confirmed that the conventional soil maps vary according to subjective criteria of the soil scientist, whose measurement is impractical. The digital soil map generated by the proposed method achieved similar rates of correspondence with the conventional maps as those obtained among these, being a good choice in the optimization process of mapping work.
Smeda, Braden William. "Area and Volume Changes of Adams Icefield from 1948 to 2019, Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut, Canada". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41602.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Hourany Roy. "Télédétection du phytoplancton par méthode neuronale : du global au régional, de la composition pigmentaire aux biorégions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS095.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis presents a novel approach to analyze and observe the phytoplankton community structure at global and regional scale using satellite data (Ocean colour and Sea surface temperature) and in-situ observations. The approach is based on neural network classification methods, such as Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) trained on a large global database composed of satellite observations collocated with in-situ measurements. First, we developed a method to estimate secondary phytoplankton pigments from satellite measurements in the global ocean. Then we focused our studies on the Mediterranean Sea. Phytoplankton groups (PFTs) were identified from the secondary pigments estimated in the first phase. We then characterized seven bio-regions by clustering annual cycles MLD obtained from Argo floats, SST and Chla by using an advanced SOM. At last, these bio-regions were characterized in terms of PFTs. The methods developed in this thesis allowed us to estimate uncertainties on secondary pigments and PFTs. The applicability of these methods are broad and can be used to investigate other oceanic areas
Fongaro, Caio Troula. "Mapeamento granulométrico do solo via imagens de satélite e atributos de relevo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-09032016-133136/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlanet Earth has great dimension, and its natural resources has to be mapped and monitored, looking towards correct decisions. Soil is one of these important resources. Know soils is related with its caracterization and mapping by pedological and attributes recognition. For soil monitoring, its necessary maps in large scale, which demand man power and high cost. Thus, its necessary to invest in geotechnologies, to reach the goal faster and low cost. The objective of this work was to determine a method to determine exposed soils in satellite images, even when have vegetation, taking in account a multitemporal dataset, in agricultural areas, where as in a given season will have exposed soils. b. quantify clay and sand contents by satellite images and relief attributes. The area is located in Araraquara, SP, Brazil, with a 14.614 km2 dimension. We collected soil samples all over the area with a total of 952 points and 0-20 cm depth, georeferenced, representative of the area. Samples were granulometric analysed and afterwards passed throgh a vis-nir-swir sensor (400-2500 nm). We collected multitemporal images from landsat satellite from september and october n the last 15 years. Images were atmospheric corrected and transformed into reflectance. Laboratory spectral data was used to validate pixels spectra information from satellite. We extracted all objects which were not soils from all images. Using R software, we merged the multitemporal images and performed a unique bare soil image. Also, we made processing on the DEM of the área reaching several soil attribute factors. Results indicated as follows: a. labortory spectral curves validated satellite data; b) principal componentes and relation between bands ¾ and 5/7 reached great R2 until 0,87 between laboratory and satellite data; d) a user could reach 1,21% of na image with bare soil, while with our method could reach 43% in the entire image. On the other hand, if the user have only agriculture area, could reach until 95% with bare soil. In a second step of this work, we prove that by regression tree statistics, clay and sand content can be quantified by satellite images with a 0,62 of R2, as also with terrain atributes. On the other hand, when we associate image spectral data with terrain atributes, we can reach 0,72 on clay quantification. Despite this, the visual aspecto of data, is better using image data than relief , which presented more noise. Another conclusion, is that images could substitute geology information in the models. This work can considerably assist pedologists, farmers and environment professionals on soil monitoring.
Demchuk, Robert W. "Detailed Mapping of Lava Flows in Syrtis Major Planum, Mars". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617806602421614.
Pełny tekst źródłaBurström, Annika. "Trends in mass balance indexes connected to spatial location and precipitation : Remote sensing of 111 glaciers in the Everest region". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77138.
Pełny tekst źródłaKaiser, Stefan. "Legal implications of satellite based communication navigation and surveillance systems for civil aviation". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22385.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfter a brief look at the technical aspects of the new systems (Chapter II), existing institutional arrangements of international satellite systems, air-navigation infrastructure and air traffic control are outlined (Chapter III). A legal analysis presents the obstacles and alternatives future institutional arrangements will be confronted with, and leads to a definition of the institutional problem (Chapter IV).
The core of the thesis is a proposal for regional intergovernmental organizations, which coordinate the operation of aeronautical satellite communications and air traffic control as an intermediary between the States and service providers (Chapter V). Among other problems financing, user charges, and liability are discussed. Legal problems of navigation systems are discussed on the base of the emerging global systems (Chapter VI).
Wolfinger, Doug C. "Geologic Characterization of Ladon Valles, Mars and the Surrounding Area". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1398291492.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarchiorato, Ivo Aurélio [UNESP]. "Mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade obtidos por satélites como instrumentos auxiliares às decisões sobre o manejo de nematóides na cultura da soja". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105237.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O conhecimento da distribuição espacial dos nematóides nas lavouras é imprescindível para adoção de práticas de manejo. Nas grandes fazendas do Mato Grosso, pelo fato de não se ter uma informação precisa sobre as áreas infestadas dentro dos talhões, os produtores preferem não adotar nenhuma medida de manejo, já que, em função do custo e do ponto de vista operacional, seria inviável fazê-lo em toda a área. Com os mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade dos talhões ou partes deles, cujo potencial de produtividade está abaixo da expectativa, em função do nível da tecnologia de produção adotado, o produtor pode, na safra atual, certificar-se se os nematóides, problemas de fertilidade, combinações desses ou outras causas estão sendo os fatores limitantes à realização do potencial de produtividade do talhão. O presente estudo foi conduzido numa parceria entre o Laboratório de Nematologia da UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP e a Empresa Globalsat Monitoramento Agrícola com sede em Rondonópolis-MT, com objetivo de avaliar a eficácia dos mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade obtido com imagens de satélite como instrumento auxiliar às decisões sobre o manejo de nematóides na cultura da soja. O mapa de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade da Fazenda Aimi, no Município de Rondonópolis, foi utilizado no estudo. As médias do potencial de produtividade nas áreas correspondentes às diferentes classes de potencial foram negativamente correlacionadas com as populações de Pratylenchus. brachyurus obtidas nas amostras de solo e raízes coletadas nessas áreas, confirmando que os mapas em questão são instrumentos auxiliares valiosos para a tomada de decisão sobre o manejo de nematóides.
The knowledge of the spatial distribution of nematodes in crops is essential to adoption of management practices. In big farms of Mato Grosso, because of not have accurate information on infested areas within the plots, producers prefer not adopt any measure of management because, depending on the cost and operational point of view, it would be impracticable make it across the area. With maps of variability of the potential of productivity of the plots or parts of them, whose potential productivity is below the expectations, depending on the level of technology used in production, the producer may, in the current crop, make sure that the nematodes, problems of fertility, or combinations of both or other causes are the limiting factors to the achievement of the potential productivity of the plot. This study was carried out in a partnership between the Laboratorio de Nematologia of UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, and Globalsat Monitoramento Agrícola Company based in Rondonópolis-MT, to evaluate the effectiveness of maps of the potential variability in productivity achieved with satellite imagery as a tool to assist decisions on the management of nematodes on soybean. The map of variability of the potential of productivity from of Fazenda Aimi in the county of Rondonópolis was used in the study. The averages of the potential for productivity in the areas corresponding to different classes of potential were negatively correlated with the population of P. brachyurus obtained in samples of soil and roots collected in those areas, confirming that the maps in question are valuable auxiliary instruments for decision on the management of nematodes.
De, Berardinis Pierluigi. "Analisi di morfologie carsiche o crio-carsiche in relazione alla mobilizzazione di fluidi nella regione di Arabia Terra, Marte". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10129/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarchiorato, Ivo Aurélio. "Mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade obtidos por satélites como instrumentos auxiliares às decisões sobre o manejo de nematóides na cultura da soja /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105237.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Arlindo Leal Boiças Júnior
Banca: Clélia Aparecida Iunes Lapera
Banca: Maria Amélia dos Santos
Banca: Júlio Cesar Galli
Resumo: O conhecimento da distribuição espacial dos nematóides nas lavouras é imprescindível para adoção de práticas de manejo. Nas grandes fazendas do Mato Grosso, pelo fato de não se ter uma informação precisa sobre as áreas infestadas dentro dos talhões, os produtores preferem não adotar nenhuma medida de manejo, já que, em função do custo e do ponto de vista operacional, seria inviável fazê-lo em toda a área. Com os mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade dos talhões ou partes deles, cujo potencial de produtividade está abaixo da expectativa, em função do nível da tecnologia de produção adotado, o produtor pode, na safra atual, certificar-se se os nematóides, problemas de fertilidade, combinações desses ou outras causas estão sendo os fatores limitantes à realização do potencial de produtividade do talhão. O presente estudo foi conduzido numa parceria entre o Laboratório de Nematologia da UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP e a Empresa Globalsat Monitoramento Agrícola com sede em Rondonópolis-MT, com objetivo de avaliar a eficácia dos mapas de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade obtido com imagens de satélite como instrumento auxiliar às decisões sobre o manejo de nematóides na cultura da soja. O mapa de variabilidade do potencial de produtividade da Fazenda Aimi, no Município de Rondonópolis, foi utilizado no estudo. As médias do potencial de produtividade nas áreas correspondentes às diferentes classes de potencial foram negativamente correlacionadas com as populações de Pratylenchus. brachyurus obtidas nas amostras de solo e raízes coletadas nessas áreas, confirmando que os mapas em questão são instrumentos auxiliares valiosos para a tomada de decisão sobre o manejo de nematóides.
Abstract: The knowledge of the spatial distribution of nematodes in crops is essential to adoption of management practices. In big farms of Mato Grosso, because of not have accurate information on infested areas within the plots, producers prefer not adopt any measure of management because, depending on the cost and operational point of view, it would be impracticable make it across the area. With maps of variability of the potential of productivity of the plots or parts of them, whose potential productivity is below the expectations, depending on the level of technology used in production, the producer may, in the current crop, make sure that the nematodes, problems of fertility, or combinations of both or other causes are the limiting factors to the achievement of the potential productivity of the plot. This study was carried out in a partnership between the Laboratorio de Nematologia of UNESP/FCAV, Câmpus de Jaboticabal-SP, and Globalsat Monitoramento Agrícola Company based in Rondonópolis-MT, to evaluate the effectiveness of maps of the potential variability in productivity achieved with satellite imagery as a tool to assist decisions on the management of nematodes on soybean. The map of variability of the potential of productivity from of Fazenda Aimi in the county of Rondonópolis was used in the study. The averages of the potential for productivity in the areas corresponding to different classes of potential were negatively correlated with the population of P. brachyurus obtained in samples of soil and roots collected in those areas, confirming that the maps in question are valuable auxiliary instruments for decision on the management of nematodes.
Doutor
Flahaut, Jessica. "Minéralogie de Valles Marineris (Mars) par imagerie hyperspectrale : histoire magmatique et sédimentaire de la région". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0642/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaValles Marineris is a unique vertical section through the uppermost kilometers of the martian crust; its location, east of Tharsis bulge, and its water-related history suggest a great diversity of rock types in this area. High resolution morphologic (HiRISE) and mineralogic (CRISM) data from the MRO mission (NASA, 2006) available over the area were investigated. A typical succession of horizontal units of distinct morphologies and mineralogies was observed in the Eastern part of Valles Marineris, including basaltic lavas, phyllosilicate-rich boulders and a LCP (Low-Calcium Pyroxene)-rich basement. This basement, interpreted as being a uniquely preserved outcrop of pristine Noachian crust, is intruded by olivine-rich dikes, which are valuable witnesses of early magmatic and tectonic processes. A thin light-toned formation, enriched in Fe/Mg smectites at its base, and Al-phyllosilicates at its top, is draping the Noachian plateaus around the canyons. This widespread unit could have formed by alteration under a wet climate, and is akin to pedogenesis. Finally, kilometer-thick layered deposits that are filling most of the canyons were analyzed in the area of Capri Chasma, at the outlet of Valles Marineris. These Hesperian-aged deposits are enriched in monyhydrated and polyhydrated sulfates and appear to have been eroded by younger fluvial processes. Both spectral types are associated with different units of distinct morphologies, at different elevations. All these observations were combined to propose the following succession of events: I- Formation of the pristine crust by crystallization in a magma ocean, II- Piling of lava flows on the top of this crust and dike activity, III- Widespread surficial alteration, IV- Opening of Valles Marineris, V- deposition and erosion of the sulfate-rich layered deposits
Fernando, Jennifer. "Caractérisation des propriétés physiques de la surface de Mars à partir de mesures spectro-photométriques orbitales". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112293/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe PhD work focuses on the characterization of geological processes on planetary surfaces. Due to the lack of broad scale in situ information about the surface physical properties of the Martian materials (recording the geological processes), my work centers on the development and validation of an approach for their estimation from orbital spaceborne datasets. In addition, determining the physical properties has an implication for the spectroscopic interpretation notably for the mineral abundances. More specifically, I developed an approach for the determination and the analysis of the Martian surface scattering properties using CRISM (Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars) observations [Murchie et al., 2007] on-board MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter). CRISM provides multi-angular (varied emission angles) hyperspectral images which allow the characterization of the surface scattering behavior at ∼200m/pixel. The scattering behavior depends on the material composition but also the physical properties such as the grain size, shape, internal structure, and the surface roughness / porosity. The main objective is to observe the spatial variations of the surface scattering properties and the photometric parameters as a function of geological units.The methodology I employ is based on the estimation of the surface photometric parameters in term of surface physical properties. After an atmospheric correction (aerosols) by the Multi-angle Approach for Retrieval of the Surface Reflectance from CRISM Observations (MARS-ReCO) [Ceamanos et al., 2013] developed in collaboration with X. Ceamanos and S. Douté (IPAG, France), I analyze the surface reflectance taken at varied geometries by inverting the Hapke photometric model [Hapke, 1993] depending on six parameters (single scattering albedo, 2-term phase function, macroscopic roughness and 2-term opposition effects parameters) in a Bayesian framework [Fernando et al., 2013]. The algorithm for the correction for the aerosols and the methodology for the estimates of surface photometric parameters have been validated by comparing the results from orbit to the in situ photometric measurements from Mars Exploration Rover (MER) rovers [Fernando et al. 2013].The MER landing sites located at Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum provide an excellent opportunity to ground truth and validate the interpretation of derived Hapke photometric parameters as both orbital and in situ data are readily available over numerous geological terrains. Orbital results are consistent with the in situ observations. In my work, I mapped the surface scattering properties in and around the rover path, providing extended information over a wider area. Significant variations in the scattering properties are observed inside a CRISM observation (10x10km) suggesting that the surfaces are controlled by local geological and climatic processes [Fernando et al., in revision].The last part of this work focuses on the determination of the surface photometric parameters of different Martian geological terrains under different contexts in order to identify variabilities of the scattering properties
Nixdorf, Erik. "Combining measurements, remote sensing and numerical modelling to assess multi-scale flow dynamics in groundwater-dependent environmental systems". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236485.
Pełny tekst źródłaDie Grundwassermodellierung stellt eine wichtige wissenschaftliche Methode zur quantitativen Analyse von Fragestellungen zum Schutz der Menge und Güte der Grundwasserressourcen sowie der angeschlossenen Wasserkörper dar. Dementsprechend werden Grundwassermodelle sowohl für Planungs- und Bewertungszwecke im Wasserressourcenmanagement als auch zur wissenschaftlichen Erforschung der Prozesse im Untergrund entwickelt und angewendet. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht in diesem Rahmen, wie numerische Modelle, Feldmessungen und Daten generiert aus Fernerkundungsdaten und Webplattformen systematisch verknüpft werden können, um Fragestellungen im Bereich der Grundwasserforschung quantitativ zu beantworten. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist es neue effiziente Abläufe zu entwickeln, die die Limitierung der einzelnen Methoden überwinden und diese auf deren Anwendbarkeit für die Lösung spezifischer hydrologischer Probleme zu analysieren. Zu diesem Zweck wurden in dieser Doktorarbeit fallspezifische Lösungen für verschiedene Untersuchungsgebiete entwickelt, die sowohl in der räumlichen Skale als auch in den zu untersuchenden hydrologischen Fragestellungen eine große Diversität aufweisen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurde die Massenbilanz von Wasserinhaltsstoffen in einem meromiktischen Tagebaurestsee im Lausitzer Revier durch physikalische und mathematische Modellierungsmethoden untersucht. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass auf Basis einer gewonnenen mehrjährigen Zeitreihe von Messdaten ein einfaches Massenbilanzmodell in der Lage ist, sowohl Seeschichtungs- als auch Grundwasseraustauschdynamiken quantitativ zu beschreiben. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit umfasst die Entwicklung eines transienten numerischen Grundwassermodells für den quartären Uferaquifer im Bereich eines Flussmäanders der Selke welches anhand von Daten aus mehreren Salztracertests kalibriert wurde. Das Modell wurde dafür verwendet die transienten Verweilzeiten in der gesättigten Zone des Mäanderbogens unter dem Einfluss dynamischer hydraulischer Bedingungen zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Anschluss mit Verweilzeiten verglichen, die aus der Analyse der zeitlichen Verschiebung von gemessenen elektrischen Leitfähigkeitszeitreihen zwischen Fluss und Grundwassermessstellen gewonnen wurden. Durch dieses kombinierte Verfahren konnten sowohl die Beschränkungen der zeitreihenbasierten Verweilzeitberechnung aufgezeigt als auch ein tieferes Systemverständnis für die Interaktionsdynamiken zwischen Grund- und Flusswasser auf der Mäanderskala gewonnen werden. Der dritte Teil der Arbeit beschreibt die Vorgehensweise für die Bewertung des Grundwasserkontaminationsrisikos im Einzugsgebiet des Songhua Flusses in China. Eine umfassende Literaturstudie wurde durchgeführt, um einen Überblick über die Verfügbarkeit von Messdaten zur Belastung der Wasserressourcen Chinas mit organischen Schadstoffen zu erhalten. Danach wurde für ein Teileinzugsgebiet ein dreidimensionales numerisches Grundwassermodell auf Basis der vorhandenen hydrogeologischen Daten aufgebaut. Dieses wurde dazu verwendet die Änderungen im Stofftransports und den Schadstoffkonzentrationen innerhalb des Aquifersystems unter steigenden Entnahmeraten zu analysieren. Basierend auf diesen Studien wurden auf der Skale des Gesamteinzugsgebiets, um die beschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Felddaten auszugleichen, die Ergebnisse der numerischen Grundwassermodellierung mit Fernerkundungsdaten und Webdatenbanken in einem Indexsystem kombiniert mit dem für die oberflächennahen Aquifere Vulnerabilität, Gefährdungspotential und Verschmutzungsrisiko in einer räumlichen Auflösung von 1 km² bestimmt wurden. Zusammenfassend konnten durch die vorliegende Doktorarbeit neue passgenaue Methoden zur effektiven Kombination von in-situ Messungen, der Datenerhebung und Datenintegration aus vielfältigen Datenquellen sowie numerischen Grundwassermodellierungsstrategien entwickelt und zur Lösung der untersuchten hydrologischer Fragestellen auf den verschiedenen Skalen und über die Grenzen der einzelnen hydrologischen Teilsysteme hinaus erfolgreich angewandt werden
Audouard, Joachim. "Propriétés thermo-physiques et hydratation de la surface de Mars". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112304/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis work is devoted to the physical characterization of the Martian surface and to the study of dynamic processes modifying it. Two aspects are addressed. The first concerns the thermo-physical properties which are a mean to putting constraints on to the erosive and sedimentary actions summed over the geologic history. The second is the hydration of the Martian surface which plays, as a planetary reservoir of water, an important role on the Martian climate.In order to characterize these two physical parameters of the Martian surface, we have combined the orbital view which allows a global coverage with in situ measurements, which provides a robust local interpretation, and we have used tools allowing numerical simulations of physical processes. Data from OMEGA, an imaging spectrometer onboard Mars Express orbiting Mars since 2004, and from the ground temperature sensor of the REMS instrument onboard Curiosity have been analyzed in details. Surface temperature measurements from these two instruments have been inverted using a climate model for characterizing the thermo-physical properties of the Martian surface. We present the first global map of the Martian surface thermal inertia constructed from OMEGA data and we directly highlight for the first time some thermal behavior caused by heterogeneous mixtures or neglected physical processes at the surface of Mars.Information regarding the hydration of the Martian surface have been extracted from OMEGA data using a large set of laboratory experiments. This information has been interpreted together with scientific results from multiple mission orbiting or at the surface of Mars and with numerical simulations of the Martian water cycle in order to reconstruct the history of this hydration. We find that the hydration remains stable throughout the whole Martian year and that it increases with latitude with an asymetry between the two hemispheres. The spatial distribution of the hydration fits areas that are in regular contact with water frost, which therefore seems to be involved in the process of water implementation in the Martian regolith
Séjourné, Antoine. "Formation et évolution des structures périglaciaires en contexte de réchauffement climatique : comparaison Terre-Mars". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713531.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbou, Karaki Najib. "Synthese et carte sismotectonique des pays de la bordure orientale de la mediterranee : sismicite du systeme de failles du jourdain-mer morte". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13067.
Pełny tekst źródłaAndrieu, François. "Caractérisation des surfaces glacées de Mars par imagerie hyperspectrale : inversion du transfert radiatif". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS178/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMars has a complex climate, characterized by carbon dioxide and water cycles, and dust transport at all scales. These cycles are mainly controlled by the seasonal condensation of CO₂ and water ice deposits at high latitudes during the polar night and their sublimation during the local spring. There are a lot of interactions between the CO₂ , water and dust cycles on Mars and they influence each other. An active seasonal process illustrates particularly well these links: the cryoventing, cold CO₂ gas jets triggered by seasonal sublimation of CO₂ deposits, which can put dust from the regolith in suspension into the atmosphere durably, and whose activity seems to be modulated by the exchange of water at the surface.The purpose of this thesis is to allow the use of the available hyperspectral imaging data to their full potential, to bring new constraints on seasonal exchanges between surface and atmosphere and the interactions between the different cycles (CO₂ , water , dust), focusing on cold gas jets. To achieve this, a semi-analytical radiative transfer model in compact ices and an effective inversion method were developed and validated.The radiative transfer model describes the interaction of light with a surface quantitatively, using the following parameters: thickness of the layer, volume proportions and grain-sizes of impurities, surface roughness. It is based on several key assumptions: geometrical optics, piecewise-continuous media quasi-spherical inclusions. The two-stream approximation is used for the radiative transfer inside the layer, but the surface specular reflectance is estimated taking into account the variability of the facets orientations from the surface roughness. This model was validated both numerically and on laboratory data.The inversion method consists in exploring synthetic databases generated by the radiative transfer model and determining the most likely sets of parameters to reproduce a given measure. The inversion is based on the Bayesian formalism: the manipulated variables are described by probability density functions. This allows to take into account realistic uncertainties on the data and enables to calculate a posteriori uncertainties on the result of the inversion.A focused study was conducted on a area of particular interest, to test and prove the applicability of this approach to the massive inversion of spectro-imaging data. The dune-field of Richardson Crater (72°S, 180°W) was chosen because it shows strong interactions between the water and CO₂ cycles, a major seasonal cryoventing activity, but also a large amount of data available and a high quality temporal monitoring. The monitoring of surface characteristics on this site shows a decrease in the thickness of the ice during the spring consistently with climate models simulations. We were able to estimate and monitor the content of water and dust in order to discuss the formation scenario of cold jets
Wendling, Ademir. "SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO PARA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS CAUSAS DA VARIABILIDADE NO ÍNDICE DE MASSA DA SOJA". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3621.
Pełny tekst źródłaO sensoriamento remoto é a utilização de sensores para captação da energia eletromagnética refletida pelos objetos. Sua quantificação e qualificação tem auxiliado no diagnóstico de desenvolvimento de plantas e presença de anomalias. A presença de nematóides vem sendo diagnosticada em várias áreas do Rio Grande do Sul. As espécies mais encontradas são os nematóides de galhas (Meloidogyne sp.) e cisto (Heterodera glycines). O ataque de qualquer espécie reduz a produtividade, dependendo do número de indivíduos. Para elaboração de um plano de controle, é importante conhecer a distribuição espacial e identificação das espécies. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a potencialidade das ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto no auxílio da detecção da variabilidade da produtividade da soja e diagnóstico das possíveis causas. Espectroradiômetro, sensor ativo e imagem de satélite foram utilizadas para diagnosticar as manchas de índices de massa. Nessas áreas foram analisadas a presença de nematóides, a fertilidade do solo, os índices de compactação, a declividade do terreno e o número de plantas, a fim de compreender a variação dos índices. Dentre as ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto o sensor ativo apresentou o melhor resultado. Não foi encontrada correlação entre os índices de massa e fertilidade do solo e compactação do solo. Quando agrupado em classes de índice de massa, foi encontrada relação com a presença de nematóides. A declividade do terreno e o número de plantas se correlacionaram com os índices de massa.
Samecima, Junior Elcio Hissagy. "Índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada e caracteres agronômicos em genótipos de milho". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153547.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
RESUMO – O melhoramento vegetal, além de buscar as características de interesse, busca também otimizar o processo. Sendo assim, quando há correlação entre as características de interesse e uma de fácil avaliação, abre-se a vertente para a seleção indireta. A utilização de sensores na agricultura possibilita a avaliação sem contato físico, podendo ser uma nova ferramenta na seleção indireta, visando otimizar tempo, mão de obra, custo e o processo. Objetivou-se estudar a relação entre o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) e os caracteres agronômicos, na seleção indireta em milho e selecionar os genótipos superiores utilizando técnicas multivariadas. O experimento foi conduzido na segunda safra de 2016, sendo realizadas as medições de NDVI via sensor ativo terrestre, a cada 15 dias após a emergência das plântulas e as avaliações agronômicas de campo considerando os caracteres: altura de planta, altura da espiga principal, acamamento, quebramento, estande e produtividade. O conjunto de variáveis obtidas foram submetidas as análises multivariadas de fatores e de componentes principais. A análise de fatores detectou, no primeiro fator, correspondências positivas entre as variáveis, altura de planta, altura de espiga e produtividade, no segundo fator NDVI-80, NDVI-95 e acamamento mais quebramento e no terceiro fator NDVI-15 e estande. Os gráficos biplots gerados pelos componentes principais, juntamente com análise de ganho de seleção permitiram identificar o genótipo 3 como o mais promissor, por apresentar baixo acamamento mais quebramento, baixo valor de NDVI-80 e NDVI-95 e alta produtividade em relação a este experimento. A partir de todos os resultados concluise que é possível usar o NDVI, via sensor ativo terrestre, como técnica promissora na seleção indireta, para acamamento, quebramento e predição do estande em milho.
ABSTRACT - The plant breeding look beyond the characteristics of interest, look to optimize process, so when there is a correlation between the characteristics of interest and one of easy evaluation, a strand is opened for indirect selection. The use of sensors in agriculture makes possible to evaluate without physical contact and it can be a new tool in the indirect selection, aiming to optimize time, work, cost and optimize process. The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and agronomic traits, in the indirect selection and to select superior genotypes of maize by multivariate analyse. The experiment was conducted in the second crop of 2016, and NDVI was measurements by an active sensor every 15 day after seedling and field agronomic traits were evaluated considering the following characteristics: plant height, ear height, stalk lodging, stalk breakage, stand and yield. With these data were processed the factor analyzes, principal component and gain selection. The factor analysis detected positive correspondences between the variables, plant height, ear height and yield with factor 1; NDVI-80, NDVI-95 and stalk lodging plus stalk breakage with factor 2; NDVI- 15 and stand with factor 3. The graphics biplots generated by the principal components with gain selection analyze allowed to identify the best genotype, where we could identify the genotype 3 as the most promising, because it present lower lodging plus breakage stalk, low value of NDVI-80 and 95, and high yield in relation to this experiment. From all results it is concluded that it is possible to use the NDVI, by active sensor, as a promising technique in the indirect selection, for stalk lodging, breakage and stand in maize.
Charpentier, Stanislas. "Du périurbain au périurbanisme : analyse des (bonnes et mauvaises) pratiques de lutte contre l'étalement urbain dans l'aire urbaine du Mans". Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3014.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuburbia is often criticized, especially because urban forms produced by urban sprawl and spatiophage multiforme. Since the laws Solidarity and Urban Renewal (2000) and Grenelle II (2010), the legislature has made the fight against urban sprawl a national priority. For the first time in France, the urban planning tools such as Plan Local d’Urbanisme (PLU) orSchémas de Cohérence Territoriale (SCoT) are "officially" in charge of the fight against the excessive consumption of agricultural land. Beyond the fight against urban sprawl is the question of the extent of the phenomenon. This thesis proposes to analyze urban morphology produced by the process of suburbanization from an original and reproduciblemethodology to other territories, based on remote sensing and photo interpretation and developed across the urban area Le Mans. This research uses two complementary approaches: spatial analysis - diachronic and multiscale - is used toquantify the phenomenon of urban sprawl; analysis of interviews with elected officials to compare the speech to urbanization practices identified through spatial analysis. Studies conducted at the municipal level show that the morphological delimitation of peri is a condition sine qua non to consider a recovery in hand urban space. As well as the accelerated evolution of the contemporary city gave birth to urban planning in the early twentieth century, we pose the hypothesis that the concept of périurbanisme might call the ordering of suburban necessary
Davaze, Lucas. "Quantification du bilan de masse des glaciers de montagne à l'échelle régionale par télédétection spatiale optique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU022/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeyond their iconic role of climate change, mountain glaciers can be considered as Earth’ essential component and natural “climate-meter”. Despite their small spatial coverage (0.5% of emerged land), mountain glaciers contribute as high as 30% of the observed sea-level rise. In some regions, they are considered as essential issues because of their importance in terms of potable water, agriculture, hydroelectricity or natural hazards. A small share is however monitored in situ (<0.0025%) and their fluctuations at regional scale are poorly known.Thanks to the development of high spatial resolution satellite sensors (metric to decametric), new methods are today available to significantly increase the number of monitored glaciers. After a state of the art of the existing methods and an identification of the limitations, we focused our attention on the development of two methods.The first one is based on the automatic detection of the snow/ice interface altitude (i.e. snowline) at the glacier surface from optical satellite images. This altitude, when estimated at the end of summer, is a proxy of the annual glacier-wide mass change at the glacier surface (called surface mass balance, SMB). Using this approach, we estimated the annual SMBs of 239 glaciers in the European Alps and 82 glaciers in the tropical Andes for the period 2000-2016 and 2000-2018, respectively. The mean mass loss are -0.74 and -1.29 m water equivalent per year for the two regions, respectively. This approach allowed to derive the first dataset of annual SMBs for individual glaciers at regional scale from optical remote sensing. We found significant relationships between the computed SMBs and the glacier morpho-topographic features (e.g. slope, median altitude, …), with steeper and higher glaciers, experiencing less mass losses. Comparison with in situ monitored SMBs revealed an overestimation of mass losses from in situ estimates, due to a low representativeness of steep glaciers (>20°) in the in situ datasets. Our study also revealed heterogeneous inter-annual variability across the European Alps, partially explained by the climatic context of the studied sub-regions, thanks to the analysis of climate reanalysis data.We developed a second method to derive the annual and summer SMBs from albedo maps, computed from MODIS images. With an application on 30 glaciers in the French Alps, this work opened the way toward a regional application of this method, in order to estimate both annual and summer SMBs.By performing regional applications on different glacierized regions, we developed and validated methods capable of deriving the annual and summer SMBs of individual mountain glaciers at regional scale, from optical remote sensing data. These data could then be used to (1) assess the impact of peculiar climatic conditions onto mountain glaciers; (2) investigate possible meteorological conditions driving the documented glacier fluctuations; (3) calibrate and validate glacio-hydrological models used to estimate the current and future contributions of mountain glaciers to the hydrological functioning of mountain catchments and to sea level rise
Faria, Bruno Guedes. "Identificação dinamica longitudinal de um dirigivel robotico autonomo". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260166.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem-se observado um crescente interesse de empresas e instituições de pesquisa pelo desenvolvimento de veículos robóticos, dotados de diferentes níveis de capacidade de operação autônoma, objetivando a execução de diversas tarefas. Dentro deste contexto o CenPRA, Centro de Pesquisas Renato Archer, propôs o Projeto AURORA. O Projeto AURORA (Autonomous Unmanned Remote mOnitoring Robotic Airship) tem como seu principal objetivo o desenvolvimento de protótipos de veículos aéreos tele-operados, e a obtenção de veículos telemonitorados, através do desenvolvimento de sistemas com graus de autonomia crescentes. Para que se possam agregar níveis crescentes de autonomia ao veículo, é essencial incrementar seu sistema de controle e navegação de maneira gradativa. Por esse motivo o aprimoramento das estratégias de controle do sistema é essencial. Assim, é primordial possuir um modelo fidedigno do sistema físico em questão, pois somente dessa forma é possível elaborar leis de controle e testá-las imediatamente em simulação antes de partir para os ensaios práticos no veículo real. Além disso, um modelo adequado é essencial para a simulação do vôo do dirigível de forma a permitir a análise preliminar de seu comportamento diante de uma nova missão. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é a implementação e validação de metodologias para a identificação do modelo dinâmico longitudinal do dirigível. Foram abordadas três metodologias para a identificação do modelo dinâmico do dirigível: a identificação estacionária, que identifica os coeficientes aerodinâmicos do dirigível a partir de um vôo estacionário, a identificação dinâmica, que identifica esses coeficientes e a dinâmica linearizada do veículo a partir de um vôo com entradas de perturbação conhecidas e, finalmente, a identificação por meio de estratégias evolutivas, que procura otimizar alguns parâmetros do modelo dinâmico. As três metodologias foram testadas, validadas e comparadas através de ensaios de simulação, utilizando-se o simulador do dirigível AS800 do Projeto AURORA
Abstract: In recent years many research institutions and companies have been demonstrating a growing interest in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles with different autonomous operation levels in order to allow for the performance of many types of tasks. Within this context, CenPRA (Renato Archer Research Center) proposed the Project AURORA. Project AURORA (Autonomous Unmanned Remote Monitoring Robotic Airship) aims at the development of unmanned airships remotely operated with a view to the creation of an autonomous flight airship by the incorporation of increasing levels of autonomy. In order to increase the vehicle autonomy level, the development of a proportionally enhanced control and navigation systems is essential. It is extremely important to have a very accurate model of the physical airship system, given that this is the only way to design control laws for the vehicle and test them in simulation before performing actual flight tests. Moreover, an accurate model is essential to predict the vehicle behavior in simulation before any real flight demanding a new type of mission. The definition of identification methodologies for the AS800 airship system identification is the main scope of this work. Three methodologies were considered to allow the airship dynamic model identification: stationary identification, which identifies aerodynamic coefficients from stationary stabilized flight conditions; dynamic identification, which identifies these coefficients and the vehicle linear dynamics from the application of known inputs into the system; and, finally, through evolution strategies, which uses an evolutionary approach for the optimization of the aerodynamic coefficients of the dynamic model. All the methodologies were tested, validated and compared through simulation experiments by using the AS800 airship simulator of the Project AURORA
Mestrado
Automação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica