Rozprawy doktorskie: „RELIGION / Islam / Sufism”

1

Andersson, Tobias. "Den tidlösa sufismen : Om philosophia perennis föreställningar om sufism och islam". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-10166.

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Det västerländska intresset för sufism har under 1900-talet varit stort, liksom antalet böcker som har publicerats rörande ämnet, både inom och utanför den akademiska världen. Samtidigt har en fascination för islams esoteriska dimensioner kunnat påträffas bland flera konstnärer, poeter och intellektuella, vilka inte sällan varit befryndade med philosophia perennis och dess läror, som både inom och utanför de akademiska sammanhangen således har utövat ett visst inflytande. Följande studie inriktas dock på de mest framstående och uttalade företrädarna för philosophia perennis som under 1900-talet dragits till sufismen, med fokus på deras föreställningar och tolkningar av sufism och islam. Studiens syfte är att genom en textkritisk och idéhistorisk metod analysera kvalitativt utvalda skrifter av perennialister som ger uttryck för särskilda föreställningar och tolkningar av sufism genom att relatera dessa till teorier om orientalism, occidentalism, globalisering och modernitet. Detta utreds genom problemformuleringarna: Hur framställs och tolkas sufismen av företrädare för philosophia perennis? Varför framställs sufismen så? Vad finner företrädarna tilltalande i islam och sufism? Resultaten visar att perennialisterna anspelar på och använder de orientalistiska och occidentalistiska föreställningar som finns i både öst och väst vid presentationerna av islam och sufism, bland annat för att kritisera moderniteten och definiera sina egna ståndpunkter. Dessutom pekar resultaten vidare på att perennialismen både närts och influerats av modernitens allt mer påtagliga globalisering, även om de ofta reagerar polemiskt emot den. Utan att reducera 1900-talets philosophia perennis till enbart en anti-modernistisk idéströmning, fokuserar studien på dess relation till modernitet, globalisering, orientalism och occidentalism, enligt syftet att belysa perennialismens föreställningar om sufism, varför just islam tilltalar företrädarna samt vilka särskilda implikationer ovan nämnda faktorer genererar i deras föreställningar och tolkningar av sufism.

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2

Ibrahim, Mohammad Saani. "The decline of Sufism and the rise of a new Islam: some factors contributing to the political and social ascendancy of Wahhabist Islam in Northern Ghana". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104526.

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While most studies of Islam in West Africa have focused on the spread and nature of Sufi Islam, there has been a recent dramatic transformation in the political and social influence of Sufi Islam long-believed to characterize "African Islam." The forces of globalization and social and economic changes in West Africa and beyond have resulted in parallel transformations across the Islamic world. In northern Ghana, where Sufi Islam has long been the dominant form of religious practice and politics, the advent of a new, more orthodox, form of Islamicization has taken place that has not yet been adequately studied. One reason for this discrepancy is the fact that the study of Islam in Africa has been dominated by Orientalist and reductive notions of a static form of "Islam" in Africa shorn of any history and decontextualized from the important social and economic changes that have impacted West Africa. Moreover, the bias towards the study of political Islam in the Middle East and South Asia has meant that few scholars have focused on the important transformations in West African Islam that are locally rooted, but clearly linked to the global world of Islam. My thesis seeks to make up for the dearth in the literature on the topic by examining some of the factors that have contributed to the decline of Sufism and the rise of a new Wahhabist version of Islamicization in two key fields: education and politics at the level of the state. In northern Ghana, Sufis have traditionally represented the dominant religious and political class, similar to many other regions in Muslim Africa. However, during the last three decades, there has been a distinct transformation in the political power and social influence of Sufism and an increasing influence of the Wahhabist forms of Islam. While it has not been adequately analyzed, Sufism in northern Ghana has been eclipsed by the conservative, Wahhabist influence in the fields of education and politics which represent the two arenas of inquiry in my research. What then are the factors that can account for this clear transformation of Islam in northern Ghana? This is the primary research question of this thesis. In order to answer this question, I conducted extensive research in northern Ghana in order to adjudicate between a number of alternative explanations with the objective of analyzing empirically the reasons, and combinations of factors, that have led to this seemingly surprising religious and social transformation in northern Ghana. Naturally, these alternative explanations do not need to be mutually exclusive. However, my thesis explores the evidence for each line of argument, and prioritizes some of the most important factors that contributed to the rise of the "new Islam" in Northern Ghana. I argue that the rise of Wahha>bism in northern Ghana is in great part a result of political and socio-economic changes that are locally specific. That is, while I acknowledge the role of international linkages in the current popularity in Wahhabist activism, I demonstrate in this work that the role of political party politics and electoral contestation in recent decades has played a great role in the recent success of Wahha>bism in northern Ghana. Moreover, building on original field research, I further show empirically that this emerging trend of a more orthodox notion of Islamic identification and political practice is crucially rooted in the ways in which adherents of Wahha>bism have influenced and often dominated new and influential educational institutions in northern Ghana.
Tandis que la plupart des études sur l'Afrique de l'ouest ont concentré sur l'étendu et le caractère de l'Islam soufi, il y a eu une transformation dramatique récente dans son influence politique et sociale. Les forces de la globalisation et de changement social et économique ont abouti dans des transformations parallèles en Afrique de l'ouest et ailleurs et partout dans le monde islamique. Dans le Ghana du nord, ou l'Islam soufi a été longtemps la forme dominante de la pratique religieuse et la politique, un nouveau forme de l'Islam plus orthodoxe a surgi qui n'a pas encore reçu suffisamment d'attention,. Une explication pour cette désaccord est le fait que l'étude de l'Islam africain a été dominé par les notions orientalistes et réductives d'un Islam africain statique, dépourvu d'histoire et décontextualisé des changements sociales et économiques importantes.qui ont eu un impact sur l'Afrique de l'ouest. En plus, le biais envers l'étude de l'Islam politique dans le Moyen Orient et l'Asie du sud a eu pour résultat que de rares chercheurs ont abordés les transformations importantes dans l'Islam ouest-africain qui sont enracinées localement mais liées sans doute au monde islamique en générale. Ma thèse vise à combler cette lacune dans la littérature sur le sujet par une examen des facteurs qui ont contribué au déclin de la soufisme et l'essor d'une vision nouvelle Wahhabie de l'islamisation dans deux domaines clefs -- l'éducation et la politique -- au niveau de l'état.Dans le Ghana du nord, les soufis ont traditionnellement représenté la classe religieuse ou dominante, comme ailleurs dans l'Afrique musulmane. Néanmoins, pendant les trois dernières décades, il y avait une réduction distincte dans le pouvoir politique et l'influence sociale du soufisme et une influence élargie correspondante sur la part de l'Islam Wahhabi. Malgré la manque d'attention, le soufisme en Ghana du nord a été éclipse par ce dernier, particulièrement dans les domaines de l'éducation et la politique – les deux champs d'intérêt capital pour le présent travail.Quels sont donc les facteurs qui peuvent expliquer cette transformation évidente dans le Ghana du nord? Ceci est la question de recherche principale de la présente thèse. Afin de répondre à la question, j'ai entrepris des investigations approfondies sur le terrain en Ghana du nord pour juger entre un bon nombre d'explications alternatives. Cela m'a permis d'analyser empiriquement les raisons et les concours de facteurs qui ont mené à cette transformation religieuse et sociale surprenante en Ghana du nord. Naturellement, ces explications ne s'exclurent pas forcément. Néanmoins, ma thèse scrute l'évidence pour chaque ligne d'argument et fait un choix entre les facteurs les plus importants qui ont contribué à la montée du « nouveau Islam » en Ghana du nord. Je soutiens que l'ascension du Wahhabisme là bas est en grande partie le résultat de changements politiques et socio-économiques qui sont spécifiques au lieu. C'est-à-dire, tout en admettant le rôle de liens internationaux dans la popularité courante de l'activisme Wahhabie, je montre dans ce mémoire que le rôle de la politique des partis et la contestation électorale dans les décades récentes étaient déterminants au succès du Wahhabisme en Ghana du nord. De plus, en bâtissant sur des recherches originales entreprises sur le terrain, je montre empiriquement que cette tendance vers une notion plus orthodoxe d'identification islamique et de pratique politique est décisivement enraciné dans les manières dans lesquelles les adeptes du Wahhabisme ont influencé, voire dominé, les institutions éducatrices nouvelles dans le Ghana du nord

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3

Kim, Heon Choul. "The Nature and Role of Sufism in Contemporary Islam: A Case Study of the Life, Thought and Teachings of Fethullah Gülen". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/8446.

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Religion
Ph.D.
The resurgence of Sufism in the contemporary world has necessitated reexamining the nature and role of Sufism in contemporary contexts. A series of the reexaminations reveal that contemporary Sufism cannot be fully explained by traditional theories; instead it must be understood in accordance with changing contexts. On this basis, this dissertation directs itself to an investigation of the contemporary manifestations of Sufism. It specifically examines Sufism in the life, thought and teachings of Fethullah Gülen (b. 1941), as its case study. Gülen is known to be one of the most influential contemporary Muslim leaders, and has led a fast-growing movement expanded to global proportions. Much of the research that has consequently followed the inception of the growth of the movement presents Gülen as one of the major figures in defining the contemporary global Islamic experience, and suggests that the studies of Gülen contribute to a better understanding of contemporary issues in Islamic studies including the resurgence and transformation of Sufism. Remarkably, almost all of the studies on Gülen and the Gülen movement underline the importance of further research on Gülen's approach to Sufism. Terms like 'quasi-Sufism' and 'neo-Sufism' are assigned to his thought, while such phrases as 'a Sufi order,' 'a Sufi-oriented movement' and 'a Nurcu branch in the Naqshbandiyya' are circulated to characterize his movement. However, this terminology has not been adequately examined by any extensive research to warrant its justification. This dissertation examines Gülen's view on Sufism in order to understand how Sufism manifests itself in contemporary contexts, addressing what Sufism means in the contemporary world. Viewing Sufism as a dynamic discipline interacting with given contextual conditions, I primarily argue that there are distinctive characteristics of Sufism that appeal to the contemporary world enough to allow Sufism to resurface; it is necessary to identify those characteristics to understand the nature and role of Sufism in contemporary Islam. Gülen's Sufism, as an outcome of its interaction with a contemporary context, provides a better understanding of the characteristics in a way that it represents one of the contemporary manifestations of Sufism.
Temple University--Theses

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Brusi, Frédéric. "Sufiland - Everyday life with the living dead in Upper Egypt". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120641.

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This paper describes how everyday muslims with no formal (or weak) affiliation to sufi brotherhoods in Upper Egypt practice and relate to sufism as a grand scheme or larger islamic tradition. The thesis highlights the importance of islamic sainthood in everyday religion, whereby the saintly dead are regarded as acting intermediaries between the divine and the worldly realms. Saints, holy people and blessed places are given agency through divine blessings, thus allowing villagers to partake in a larger islamic tradition through the mediation of– or cult connected to saints. This paper intends to demonstrate that an islamic concept of sanctity in muslim environments does not only exist historically, but is central to the contemporary religious landscape of Upper Egypt.

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Gipson, Bruce Yasin. "MAQASID AL-SHARI'AH AS A METHODOLOGY FOR TAJDID A RETURN TO THE SPIRIT OF THE QUR'AN AND THE SUNNAH OF HIS MESSENGER (SAAS)". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/165959.

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Religion
M.L.A.
The intention of this thesis is to demonstrate the necessity to revisit and utilize the principles, purposes and objectives (Maqasid) of the Qur'an and Sunnah as the methodology to expose erroneous beliefs that have pervaded the religion of Islam past and present. According to the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, the religion would become corrupted. Conversely, Allah Most High vows to protect the religion of Islam and the Sunnah of the Prophet through human agency. This thesis will articulate the styles of deviation that have been mentioned within the Qur'an and Sunnah and will propose the system of maqasid as a necessary corrective to maintain faithfulness in lieu of the prevalence towards deviation. The religion of Islam has historically been contaminated through literalism, divergent beliefs and practices, corruption of the Sunnah and incorrect legal judgments (ijtihad). The exoteric aspect of the religion has been obsessively exaggerated while the esoteric (tasawwuf), or the spiritual aspect of the heart has been condemned as an innovation. Renewal (tajdid) of the religion is a perpetual obligation on the Muslims to return to the objectives or the maqasid of revelation. I propose the knowledge and application of the principles, purposes and objectives (Maqasid al-Shari'ah) of the Qur'an coupled with the maqasid of the Prophetic Sunnah is the illuminating methodology for tajdid. I will demonstrate that revisiting disputed fatawa, fiqh and hadiths through the prism of Maqasid al-Shari'ah is the most logical methodology to expose fallacious beliefs from antiquity and clarify contemporary deviations propagated with the advent of mass literacy.
Temple University--Theses

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Bria, Gianfranco. "Les réseaux Soufi entre demande de sainteté et recherche de valeurs dans l'Albanie contemporaine". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0023/document.

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Le but de ce travail est d'analyser le processus de renaissance du culte religieux soufi dans la période postsocialiste dans l’Albanie contemporaine. Particulièrement, je propose de comprendre : l'influence de l'idéologie communiste et de la sécularisation sur les croyances, les comportements, les connaissances et les institutions religieuses; les différences sociales et territoriales du phénomène; le processus de reconstruction de l'autorité charismatique soufi dans la période postsocialiste
The aim of this work is to analyze the post-socialist rebirth process of Sufi worship in contemporary Albania. Particularly, I propose to understand: the influence of communist ideology and secularization toward beliefs, religious behavior and doctrinal knowledge; the social and territorial differences of Sufi phenomenon; the rebuilding process of Sufi charismatic authority in the post-socialist period

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Fabbri, Renaud. "Frithjof Schuon the shining realm of the pure intellect /". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1175881809.

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Stenberg, Carl-Johan. "Religiös feminism och sufism : en hermeneutisk analys av sufisk teologi". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Religionshistoria, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296208.

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Mechelfekh, Messaouda. "L'Islam spirituel contemporain au travers d'Internet : interactions, modélisation et prospective". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC020.

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À l’ère numérique, la société vit des mutations radicales. Internet et les autres technologies de l’information ont un retentissement majeur et croissant sur la plupart des composantes sociétales, dont le religieux. La spiritualité musulmane, composante du patrimoine culturel mondial, est elle aussi impliquée dans cette digitalisation effrénée. Ainsi, les réseaux sociaux, les forums de discussion et l’accès à Internet en mobilité influencent la trajectoire du soufisme. Les défis qui lui sont posés sont multiples. Leur analyse et la mise en perspective de l’islam spirituel contemporain au travers d’Internet nous permettent de mieux saisir les liens entre spiritualité et virtualité, entre technologies et religion, et, par là même, d’entrevoir des champs de recherche interdisciplinaires inédits. Au-delà de la spiritualité, nous nous intéressons aux parallèles que l’on peut dresser entre Internet et les activités qui comportent une initiation, un accompagnement, une formation ou un apprentissage
In this digital era, society is undergoing radical changes. Internet and other information technology are having major and growing repercussions on most societal components, including religion. Muslim spirituality, a component of the world’s cultural heritage, is also involved in this frantic digitalisation. Thus social networks, discussion forums and mobile Internet access are influencing the path Sufism is taking. The challenges facing it are multiple. Analysing them and putting into perspective modern, spiritual Islam through the Internet enables us to better grasp the links between spirituality and virtuality, between technology and religion, and at the same time glimpse at new, interdisciplinary fields of research. Beyond spirituality, we explore the parallels that can be made between the Internet and activities including initiation, support, training or apprenticeships

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Holm, Filip. "Sounds of Mouridism : A study on the use of music and sound in the Mouridiyya". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30606.

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The use of music in religious traditions is a complicated subject. Some say it doesn’t have any place in religion while others see it as an essential part of their spiritual life. How one defines music, and indeed religion, can differ greatly but both of these have played an enormous role in our world both historically and today. The relationship between these two subjects is the focus of this study. I aim to analyze how music and sound is used within the Mouridiyya, a Sufi order based mainly in Western Africa, as a religious practice and in what way different forms of music is a way for Mourids in Sweden to connect with their native culture and religion in a society that is in many ways very different. The study is based on interviews and field observations and will explore themes like music as transcendence, the contents of the music, attitudes toward “secular” or more popular, contemporary forms of music as well as gender roles and segregation. I have visited one Mourid group in Stockholm and the study will be based entirely on them. To say something more general about Mouridism or Sufism are generalizations I am not prepared to make, but some of the findings do open up for these kinds of discussions and hopefully this will be but one small step into a fairly uncharted academic field of “religious music”.

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Camara, Samba. "Sufism and Politics among Senegalese Immigrants in Columbus, Ohio: Ndigel and the Voting Preferences of a Transnational Community". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1366973242.

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Camara, Samba. "Recording Postcolonial Nationhood: Islam and Popular Music in Senegal". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1510780384221502.

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Staali, Samir. "La Retraite Spirituelle *Khalwa* dans la Pensée Arabo-Musulmane : origines, Pratiques Anciennes et Actuelles, et Dimensions Mystiques". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30064.

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La présente étude résulte d’une synthèse approfondie de plusieurs approches visant à cerner les différents sens et aspects de la retraite spirituelle (khalwa) dans l’Islam. Dans un premier temps, une étude historico-linguistique du terme et de ses définitions a été réalisée pour montrer la manière qui a permis de le comparer puis le différencier de ses synonymes ou pseudo-synonymes. Par la suite, une réflexion sur les origines et les tous débuts de la pratique spirituelle a fait l’objet de notre recherche, suivie d’une description des règles énoncées dans les manuels destinés aux murîd(s) qui dans l’ensemble, sont au nombre de vingt six. D’autre part, nous avons tenté d’énumérer les mérites de cette pratique à travers un recensement de ses utilités et de ses vertus. Par ailleurs, dans la deuxième partie de ce présent travail, une étude comparative entre les pratiques des anciens et celles de nos contemporains a été menée à travers une enquête au cœur de certaines voies mystiques, plus particulièrement, la cAlawiyya et la Naqshbandiyya. Par conséquent, les résultats apportés ont permis un éclairage ainsi qu’une meilleure connaissance sur le vécu actuel des mystiques, pratiquant la khalwa dans la région Nord-ouest de l’Algérie ainsi que dans d’autres pays occidentaux comme le Canada, les États-Unis, la Suisse et la France
The present study was undertaken to deepen evaluate the different senses and aspects of the spiritual practice widely known as *Khalwa* within Islam. This was firstly investigated by an historical and a linguistic study of the term and its definitions. This approach allowed in particular, to understand how the term could be distinguished and differentiated by the synonyms and pseudo-synonyms. In the second part of this research, a serious thought on the origins and the beginning of the practice was undertaken, followed by a clear description of the rules as determined in different manuals which were addressed to murîd(s). Furthermore, we tried in this study to clarify and enumerate the merits of this spiritual practice through a census of its advantages and benefits. Interestingly, a comparative study between the old and current practices has contributed to enrich widely our research through several mystical ways, such as the cAlawiyya and Naqshbandiyya. In conclusion, our findings might allow a better understanding of the mystical ways applied in the practices of the *khalwa* not only in the Ouest-North of Algeria, but in others countries like Canada, United-States, Switherland and France

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Prus, Erin S. "Divine presence, gender, and the Sufi spiritual path: An analysis of Rabi’ah the Mystic’s identity and poetry". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1274714058.

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Boly, Hamadou. "Le soufisme au Mali du XIXème siècle à nos jours : religion, politique et société". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058564.

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La plupart des historiens maliens considèrent le Vllème siècle de l'ère chrétienne comme la date de l'avènement de l'islam au Mali, alors que le soufisme n'y fit probablement son apparition qu'à partir du XVème siècle. Cette apparition soufie se caractérise alors par des pratiques individuelles et disséminées ici et là. Il faut donc attendre l'aube du XIXème siècle pour voir une véritable émergence du soufisme et une large expansion de l'islam avec les efforts déployés par Sïdï al Mubtar al-Kabïr, l'instauration de l'Etat musulman du Macina et le gihëid lancé par al-ijag 'Umar. Les deux voies spirituelles, Qadiriyya et Tiganiyya entreront en opposition, mais feront résistance à l'intrusion coloniale dans le pays. Après l'indépendance du Mali, en 1960, les soufis participeront activement à la vie politique et sociale du pays. Enfin les soufis maliens sont à l'origine de maintes œuvres intellectuelles destinées à faire connaître leur voie spirituelle.

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Baghali, Hawzhin. "Un salafisme kurde? Sunnisme protestataire et jihadisme en Iran, depuis 2001". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0006.

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La présente thèse propose de mettre au jour l’apparition et la transformation d’un salafisme kurde, via une sociologie historique des pratiques discursives et avec un intérêt particulier pour les changements des deux dernières décennies dans le cadre politique particulier de la République islamique d’Iran. L’auteure y analyse les dynamiques du clivage générationnel apparu, au tournant du XXIe siècle, entre un “islam de vieux”, à dominante soufie héritée de l’histoire moderne, et un “islam des jeunes” souvent identifié avec le salafisme. Cherchant à comprendre les ressorts de cette rupture, cette étude interroge les contextes socioéconomique et politique de deux décennies riches en faits et événements (des lendemains géopolitiques du 11 Septembre à l’essor des réseaux sociaux) qui ont affecté les interrelations entre espaces politique et religieux. On s’y est penchée, en particulier, sur la production d’espaces neufs dans la société kurde par une diversité d’acteurs politico-confessionnels.L’enquête s’appuie à la fois sur une diversité de sources primaires textuelles, l’activitédes islamistes kurdes sur la Toile et dans les réseaux sociaux, ainsi que sur des entretiens réalisés avec les membres de cinq groupes distincts, en Iran et en Iraq : le Maktab-e Qor’an et la Société iranienne pour la prédication et la réforme, tous deux d’inspiration frériste, le Yekgrtou Islamî, le Komeley Islamî et des salafistes jihadistes kurdes d’Iran, ainsi qu’avec des maîtres et disciples des Voies soufies historiques de la Qadiriyya et de la Naqshbandiyya, le tout dans onze localités différents des régions de peuplement kurde majoritaire d’Iran et d’Iraq.Parmi les conclusions suggérées : l’importance des impacts qu’ont exercé les transformations successives de l’État iranien, depuis la fin de la période Qadjar à nos jours, et d’une manière plus générale les modernités moyen-orientales, sur la transformation graduelle du champ religieux kurde, en particulier sur l’émergence de mouvements se réclamant, à la fois, d’une rationalisation et d’un effort d’autonomisation par rapport à la société globale – effort perceptible depuis le Maktab-e Qor’an, à la fin des années 1970, jusqu’à une variété de salafismes actuels. Ce que l’on remarque également – du point de vue ne particulier de la distribution genrée des rôles au sein de ces mouvements – est une grande continuité du point de vue de la maintenance de discours autoritaires, nourris d’un héritage de coercition. L’auteure insiste, enfin, sur la nécessité d’une prise en compte du caractère complexe et dynamique des interrelations entre, d’une part, les islamistes d’une ancienne marche tribale de l’Iran héritiers, aussi, du nationalisme kurde de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, et d’autre part une République islamique persane et chiite, certes, mais souvent tentée au cours de quarante ans d’histoire de jouer la carte d’une instrumentation de la dissidence confessionnelle
This thesis proposes to uncover the emergence and transformation of Kurdish Salafismthrough a historical sociology of discursive practices, with a particular interest in thechanges of the last two decades against the political background of the Islamic Republic ofIran. The author has been analysing the dynamics of the generational cleavage that emergedat the turn of the 21st century between an ‘old people's Islam’, predominantly Sufi, inherited from modern history, and an ‘Islam of the young’ often identified with Salafism. In an attempt to understand the reasons for this rupture, this study examines the socioeconomic and political contexts of two decades rich in facts and events (from the geopolitical aftermath of September 11 to the rise of social networks) that have deeply affected the interrelationships between political and religious spaces. In particular, it focuses on the production of new spaces in Kurdish society by a diversity of political and confessional actors.The survey is based on a variety of primary textual sources, on the activity ofKurdish Islamists on the Internet and in social networks, as well as on interviews withmembers of five distinct groups in Iran and Iraq: the Maktab-e Qor'an and the IranianSociety for Preaching and Reform, both of Muslim-Brother inspiration, the Yekgrtou Islamî,the Komeley Islamî and Kurdish jihadist Salafists of Iran, as well as with masters anddisciples of the historic Sufi Paths of the Qadiriyya and the Naqshbandiyya, all in elevendifferent locations in the Kurdish-majority districts of Iran and Iraq.Among the suggested conclusions: the importance of the impacts that the successivetransformations of the Iranian state, and more generally Middle Eastern modernities, havehad on the gradual transformation of the Kurdish religious field since the end of the Qajarperiod to the present – in particular on the emergence of movements claiming bothrationalisation and empowerment in relation to global society (an effort perceptible fromthe Maktab-e Qor'an in the late 1970s to a variety of current Salafisms). What is alsonoticeable – from the viewpoint of the gendered distribution of roles within thesemovements, especially – is a great continuity of authoritarian discourses, nourished by alegacy of coercion. Finally, the author insists on the need to take into account the complex and dynamic nature of the interrelationships between, on the one hand, the Islamists of a former tribal march of Iran, heirs, too, of the Kurdish nationalism developed in the second half of the 20th century, and, on the other hand, a Persian and Shiite Islamic Republic often tempted, over the course of forty years of history, to utilise to its profit confessional dissidence

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Wainwright, John Joseph. "Treading the path of salvation : the religious devotion of Shaqīq al-Balkhī, al-Ḥārith al-Muḥāsibī, and Abū Saʻīd al-Kharrāz". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2844dccf-b479-42a2-92c6-54a3849b7f13.

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In the early ninth century Muslim renunciants developed the metaphor of devotion to God is a path to teach their disciples how to cultivate virtues that would enable them to escape attachment to the world. Alongside these virtues were ascetic practices, sometimes extreme, that demonstrated their commitment to God. The earliest example of this renunciant path is the ascetic manual Adab al-'ibadat attributed to Shaqiq al-Balkhi (d. 198/809-10). Al-Harith al-Muhasibi (d. 243/857-8) took exception to exaggerated practices of Shaqiq's path and insisted that religious devotion must adhere to the commands God gave in the Quran and in the Sunna. Unique in the ninth century, Muhasibi also insisted that God's commands were not limited to exterior actions, but included specific expectations of the interior dimension of religious devotion. Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz (d. 277/890-91 or 286/899) expanded the renunciant path of Saqiq's followers, but also responded to Muhasibi's censure and softened the more extreme practices of the renunciant path. He was firmly committed to the interior dimension of religious devotion, but gave no indication that he accepted Muhasibi's insistence that these virtues were incumbent. Rather, he argues that the noblest expression of these virtues exists only among God's friends, whose religious devotion has its origin in the excellence of their primordial condition. This thesis will introduce a conceptual hierarchy of religious devotion that facilitates the analysis and comparison of each of these authors. Current discussions of ninth-century Islamic piety are limited by inadequate definitions of asceticism and mysticism. A holistic approach to their religious devotion will provide tangible indicators of the ascetic or mystical orientation of their piety. This provides better parameters for discussing the relationship between asceticism and mysticism in the ninth century.

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Avanoglu, Ayse Serap. "Veiled Islam: A Deconstructive Sufi Formation". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614393/index.pdf.

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This thesis describes and analyzes the practice of Sufism in a contemporary setting in Ankara from the insider point of view. The research deals critically with various approaches to Sufism in the field of anthropology, and introduces the Sufi scene in Turkey. The subject of the study is a Sufi formation which eludes categories in the field of Sufism, presenting close master/disciple relationships instead of institutional structures and normativity, and avoiding dichotomies such as modern/traditional, sacred/profane or unity/multiplicity. The research focuses on the interaction between its lack of form and the content of this particular Sufi practice, on the levels of the individuals and the group, and contextualizes it within the tradition of Islam. It also analyzes the processes of change occurred in the formation and within individuals during the time with the master and after his death. Plurality, respect for individual and cultural differences, deconstruction of existing categories &ndash
such as being, religion, the self, power and hierarchy-, ambiguity, the processuality and the open-endedness of experience and signification processes are important characteristics of the formation. Participants in the ethnographic research are restricted to the educated middle-class members of the formation. The applied method of research is Multi Grounded Theory enriched with the phenomenological mode of interviewing and collaboration of the members of the formation.

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Schmitt, Kenneth Howard. "Living Islam in Jerusalem : faith, conflict, and the disruption of religious practice". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34433.

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Jerusalem - the third holiest city in Islam - is home to some 300,000 Muslims. But due to Israel’s occupation, they live difficult and disrupted lives. What might it mean for Muslims to practice their faith - on the ground, day by day - in such a conflicted place? One way religion becomes a meaningful category in people’s lives is through ritual. Scholars of Muslim religious practice have been attuned to this insight and observed it in various contexts. But their analyses have often been predicated on an implicit and unquestioned assumption - that people who desire to perform rituals have the means to act on their intention in regular and routine ways. Scholars have also shown that when societies are in rapid transition - be they weakened or threatened - their rituals often evolve with them. In this project, therefore, I ask: what happens in Jerusalem when Muslims live under the existential threat of occupation and their ability to routinely perform religious rituals cannot be assumed? I argue that when rituals are disrupted, Muslims are forced to improvise. Religious rituals - like the performances of skilled jazz musicians - are spontaneous and dynamic but also practiced and deliberate. Rituals are spontaneous in that they respond to the occupation’s disruptions, making physical and discursive adjustments. They are practiced in that Muslims draw from an established repertoire of themes that includes Islam and sacred space, nationalism and resistance, local culture and geography. I term the coalescence of these dynamics the “improvisation thesis” and explore three case studies where specific improvisations have different levels of resonance. The Naqshbandi improvise rituals to make peace, but they are discordant with other established themes; Ramadan rituals have resonance that define specific moments; and the improvisations of the Murabitat are deeply resonant, influencing Muslim rituals throughout the city.

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Saidi, Mustapha. "Ibn Arabi's Sufi and poetic experiences (through his collection of mystical poems Tarjuman al-Ashwaq)". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2270_1183723387.

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This study is a theoretical research concerning Ibn Arabi's Sufi experience and his philosophy of the "
unity of being"
(also his poetical talent). I therefore adopted the historical and analytical methodologies to analyse and reply on the questions and suggestions I have raised in this paper. Both of the methodologies reveal the actual status of the Sufism of Ibn Arabi who came with a challenging sufi doctrine. Also, in the theoretical methodology I attempt to define Sufism by giving a panoramic history of it. I have also researched Ibn Arabi's status amongst his contemporaries for example, Al-Hallaj and Ibn Al Farid, and how they influenced him as a Sufi thinker during this time.

In the analytical study I explore the poems "
Tarjuman al Ashwaq"
of Ibn Arabi, of which I have selected some poems to study analytically. Through this I discovered Ibn Arabi's Sufi inclinations and the criticisms of various literary scholars, theologians, philosophers and also sufi thinkers, both from the East and the West. In this analysis I have also focused on the artistic value of the poetry which he utilized to promote his own doctrine "
the unity of being."

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Ollivry, Florence. "Louis Massignon et la mystique musulmane : analyse historiographique, méthodologique et réflexive d’une contribution à l’islamologie". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP051.

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Née d’un questionnement épistémologique sur la manière dont les concepts véhiculés par la recherche découpent le réel et sur la place de la subjectivité en sciences des religions, cette thèse analyse la vision de la mystique musulmane selon Louis Massignon (1883-1962). Elle met en lumière la posture herméneutique de ce chercheur qui, après avoir démontré l’origine qur’anique du soufisme, fait de la figure d’al-Mansûr b. Hallâj (m. 309/922), le paradigme de la sainteté en islâm. L’analyse montre que sa vision de la réalité étudiée est tributaire de sa propre spiritualité : il perçoit la mystique authentique comme une voie d’ascèse, de purification par la souffrance. Au cœur de l’union mystique, le mystique devient le témoin de Dieu. A cette voie, il oppose celle d’Ibn 'Arabî (m. 638/1240) et perçoit l’influence du néoplatonisme comme une altération de la pureté ascétique primitive. La voie la plus pure est une mystique de l’annihilation (fanâ') au sein de laquelle l’être humain serait indigne d’endosser les attributs divins et de connaître l’état de subsistance (baqâ'). Sa quête, mue par des questionnements existentiels, illustre la difficile conciliation entre la quête du vrai et la quête de la Vérité. Cette étude montre combien la subjectivité du ou de la chercheur.e sert la recherche et l’entrave à la fois. Elle suggère, afin de construire les conditions du comprendre qu’il importe de prendre conscience de la particularité de sa posture herméneutique, d’énoncer son intention, d’interroger ses catégories conceptuelles, de maintenir une distance critique à son sujet, de réfléchir sur sa pratique, afin que la subjectivité ne déforme pas le réel, mais l’éclaire et le révèle
Born from epistemological questions about the way in which the concepts conveyed by research cut out the real and about the place of subjectivity in the academic study of religion, this thesis analyzes Louis Massignon’s (1883-1962) vision of Muslim mysticism. It highlights in particular the hermeneutic posture of this researcher who, after having demonstrated the Qur’anic origin of Sufism, makes the figure of al-Mansûr b. Hallâj (d. 309/922) the paradigm of holiness in Islâm. The analysis shows that his vision of the studied reality depends on his own spirituality: he perceives authentic mysticism as a path of asceticism, of purification through suffering. At the heart of the mystical union, the mystic becomes the witness of God. To this path, he opposes that of Ibn 'Arabî (d.638/1240), in which he perceives the influence of Neoplatonism as an alteration of primitive ascetic purity. The purest mysticism is, in his eyes, a mysticism of annihilation (fanâ') in which the inconsistency of the human being renders them unworthy to endorse the divine attributes and to know the state of subsistence (baqâ'). His quest, driven by existential questioning, illustrates the difficult reconciliation between the quest for “truth” and the quest for “Truth”. This study shows the extent to which the researcher’s subjectivity supports research and hinders it at the same time. It suggests, in order to construct the conditions of understanding, that it is important to become aware of the peculiarity of one’s hermeneutical situation, to state one’s intention, to question one’s conceptual categories, to maintain a critical distance from one’s work, and to wonder about one’s practice in a reflexive way, so that subjectivity no longer deforms reality, but illuminates and reveals it

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Johansen, Julian E. A. "Aspects of Sufi-orientated religious reform in modern Egypt, with special reference to the Muhammadiyyah Shadhuliyyah Order". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335874.

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Errera, Alfred. "Le rapport des maîtres soufis aux « peuples du Livre » et à leurs doctrines". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040249.

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Si l'étude du regard de l'islam sur les autres religions fait l'objet d'un intérêt croissant, peu d'attention a été accordée au rapport des maîtres soufis tant au christianisme et au judaïsme qu'aux chrétiens et aux juifs. La première partie de cette étude présente une analyse de ce sujet tel qu'il a été perçu par les intellectuels occidentaux qui se sont convertis à l'islam ou qui ont consacré au soufisme des années de recherche. Dans sa deuxième partie, elle analyse les positions des maîtres soufis selon cinq aspects : leur rapport aux Écritures et doctrines des chrétiens et des juifs, leur regard sur leurs rites et coutumes, la conception de leur Salut, leur relation aux chrétiens et aux juifs en tant que personnes, et enfin leur conception du jihâd guerrier contre les pays chrétiens, ainsi que le lien que font ces maîtres entre le jihâd majeur, celui de la lutte contre l'égo, et le jihâd mineur, belliqueux. L'étude dégage la tolérance digne de la plus haute admiration de certains maîtres soufis, mais dévoile aussi des positions rigoristes, irrespectueuses des doctrines et coutumes chrétiennes et juives, et exigeant l'application stricte des règles de la dhimma. Si les maîtres soufis ont mis l'accent sur le jihâd majeur, ils ont souvent témoigné d'un soutien inconditionnel au jihâd guerrier, le percevant comme une forme extrême de sainteté, garantissant le Bonheur dans ce monde ci et dans celui à venir. La modération des dirigeants musulmans contraste fréquemment avec leur extrémisme
While research is devoted to the attitude of Sunni Islam toward other religions, little attention has been paid to the attitude of Sufi masters to Christianity and Judaism as well as to Christians and Jews. The first part of this study provides an analysis of this topic as perceived by western intellectuals who had converted to Islam or who had dedicated years of research to Sufism. In its second part, the attitude of Sufi masters is analyzed according to five perspectives: their position regarding the Christian and Jewish Scriptures and doctrines, their view of their rituals and customs, the understanding of their Salvation, their attitude toward Christian and Jews as human beings, and finally their position regarding jihâd warfare against Christian countries, and the link these masters made between the greater jihâd, the jihâd against one's desires, and the lesser jihâd, the warlike jihâd.This study shows tolerance worthy of the greatest admiration, but also reveals rigorous and disrespectful attitudes toward Christian and Jewish doctrines and customs, calling for the application of the dhimma harshest rules. While the Sufi masters have stressed the importance of the greater jihâd, they frequently gave unconditional support to the lesser jihâd, seeing it as a paroxysmal form of holiness, guaranteeing Happiness in this world and in the next one. The tolerance of Muslim leaders frequently contrasts with some Sufi masters' extremism

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Diouf, Mouhamadou Mbacké. "Le mouridisme en France, entre pratiques religieuses et migration économique : de 1970 à nos jours : le cas des mourides de Marseille". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3136.

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Le Mouridisme, confrérie musulmane d’obédience soufie est un mouvement fondé par Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba MBACKE (1853-1927) en l’an 1883 dans le Cayor et le Baol royaumes situés à l’ouest et au centre du Sénégal. En effet, la pensée mouride est connue évidemment dans sa dimension spirituelle et communautaire mais elle n’est jamais mise en perspective dans le contexte actuel de mondialisation des échanges et des économies. Le travail chez le mouride prend en compte trois logiques :- la relation spirituelle au travail ou la sacralisation du travail ;- l’acquisition de connaissances philosophiques, religieuses, musulmanes ou sociétales. Un mouride se doit de s'investir, de travailler pour apprendre la relation au don de Dieu, les règles de vie en société ; - le disciple doit également être indépendant économiquement afin de préserver sa liberté. Il doit être à l’abri de soucis matériels pour mieux vivre sa foi, répondre aux besoins de l'existence humaine, aider ses proches et participer à la vie de la communauté. Toutefois, il doit développer un esprit d'entraide et donner de son temps au service de la communauté. Dans leur migration, les mourides s’adaptent dans leurs pays d’accueil mais restent profondément attachés à leur confrérie, à leurs pratiques religieuses et à leur pays. Leur rôle dans le développement socioéconomique du Sénégal n’est plus à démontrer. En effet, les mourides interviennent dans beaucoup de domaines, dont certains sont généralement dévolus à l'Etat
Muridism, muslim brotherhood of obedience sufi is a movement founded by Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba MBACKÉ (1853-1927) in the year 1883 in Cayor and Bawol kingdoms located in the west and the centre of Senegal. Indeed, the murid thought is obviously known in its spiritual and community dimension but it is never put into perspective in the current context of globalization of trade and economies. The murid work takes into account three logics :- the spiritual relationship to work or the sacralization of the work ; the acquisition of knowledge, philosophical, religious, muslim or societal ;- a murid must commit to work to learn how the relationship to the gift of God, the rules of life in society ;- the disciple must also be independent economically in order to preserve its freedom. It must be free from material concerns to better live their faith, meet the needs of human existence, help his family and participate in the life of the community. However, it must develop a spirit of caring and giving of his time to the service of the community.In their migration, murid adapt in their host countries but remain deeply attached to their brotherhood, their religious practices and their country. Their role in the socio-economic development of Senegal is no more to demonstrate. Indeed, the murids are involved in many areas, some of which are usually vested in the State

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Al-Gailani, Noorah. "The Shrine of ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī in Baghdad & the Shrine of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Jīlānī in ʿAqra : mapping the multiple orientations of two Qādirī Sufi shrines in Iraq". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7663/.

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This thesis charts the stakeholder communities, physical environment and daily life of two little studied Qādiriyya Sufi shrines associated with Shaikh ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī (1077 – 1165 AD), a 12th century Ḥanbalī Muslim theologian and the posthumous founder of one of the oldest Sufi orders in Islam. The first shrine is based in Baghdad and houses his burial chamber; and the second shrine, on the outskirts of the city of ‘Aqra in the Kurdish region of northern Iraq, is that of his son Shaikh ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (died 1206 AD). The latter was also known for lecturing in Ḥanbalī theology in the region, and venerated for this as well as his association with Shaikh ʿAbd al-Qādir. Driven by the research question “What shapes the identity orientations of these two Qādiriyya Sufi shrines in modern times?” the findings presented here are the result of field research carried out between November 2009 and February 2014. This field research revealed a complex context in which the two shrines existed and interacted, influenced by both Sufi and non-Sufi stakeholders who identified with and accessed these shrines to satisfy a variety of spiritual and practical needs, which in turn influenced the way each considered and viewed the two shrines from a number of orientations. These overlapping orientations include the Qādirī Sufi entity and the resting place of its patron saint; the orthodox Sunnī mosque with its muftī-imams, who are employed by the Iraqi government; the local Shīʿa community’s neighbourhood saint’s shrine and its destination for spiritual and practical aid; and the local provider of welfare to the poor of the city (soup kitchen, funeral parlour and electricity-generation amongst other services). The research findings also revealed a continuously changing and adapting Qādirī Sufi scene not immune from the national and regional socio-religio-political environments in which the two shrines exist: a non-Sufi national political class vying to influence and manipulate these shrines for their own purposes; and powerful national sectarian factions jostling to do the same. The mixture of stakeholders using and associating with the two shrines were found to be influential shapers of these entities, both physically and spiritually. Through encountering and interacting with each other, most stakeholders contributed to maintaining and rejuvenating the two shrines, but some also sought to adapt and change them driven by their particular orientation’s perspective.

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Guessoum, Ahmed. "Le rôle social et politique des Zaouïas : évolution et pratiques : l'exemple de l'ouest algérien". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080051.

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On ne saurait parler aujourd’hui de l’Islam dans son immense complexité sans aborder ses différentes branches et ramifications. Sunnites, chiites, soufis. Les zaouïas font partie de ce paysage de diversité. A travers tous les pays musulmans les zaouïas ont su marqué de quelques empreintes parfois bien profondes les sociétés dans lesquelles elles ont existés.L’histoire nous révèle plusieurs cas où l’influence des soufis était un facteur déterminent dans des décisions politiques et sociales majeures. L’ascension de plusieurs villes et villages s’est faite grâce à la présence du tombeau d’un saint soufi ou voir même à son court passage. Ain Madi dans le sud Algérien, Konya en Turquie, la tombe de RUMI est le deuxième site touristique le plus visité de Turquie. Tombouctou au Mali, Tachkent, Boukhara, Samarkand et bien d’autres.Les études politiques actuelles ne s’intéressent plus uniquement aux institutions du pouvoir et aux élites pour cerner la dynamique d’un pays mais interrogent également les autres éléments constituants les sociétés et analysent les différentes formes de gouvernance et d’autorité.Le cas des zaouïas en Algérie, est des plus éloquents du fait de leurs interventions envers toutes les catégories de la société.De tout temps les politiques peinent à satisfaire les demandes de leurs populations, de les maîtriser et canaliser leurs mécontentement. Le recours aux chefs de tribus, aux représentants associatifs, aux imams est une pratique plutôt courante dans l’entretient et le maintien de la paix sociale. Les zaouïas ne sont pas étrangères aux questions de l’Etat, des populations, de l’identité, de la culture; cependant, toutes ne sont pas concernées par ce rôle
Having been fought, been denigrated, accused, been indicated for a long time as sign of charlatanism, of obscurantism and of collaboration, zaouïas became places most coveted by high representatives in Algeria. Supported, financed, projected, favoured, their roles today is determine. Algeria would count a considerable number of zaouïas. Zaouïas, modest but warm and calm places, reflects humility and peace. Their deep anchoring in cultural, space and social environment, high symbolism which they transport, impose a more and more growing curiosity as soon as they get closer to their perimetres. However, behind this gentle facade, a machine of influence of a formidable effectiveness displayed its tentacles in the different spheres of catch of decisions, in the point where the most part of the members of successive governments for 1990s have a direct or indirect relation with one of Chouyoukhs of zaouïas. To be affiliated to a zaouïa today is fashionable

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Chacal, Lyess. "De la vanité (ġurūr) dans Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm al-dīn (Revivification des sciences de la religion) d’al-Ġazālī (m. 505/1111)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040030.

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Ce travail de recherche explore la notion de vanité en Islam, ou ġurūr, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à l’œuvre majeure d’Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī (m. 505/1111) Iḥyā’ ‘ulūm al-dīn. Il s’agit de montrer en quoi la tromperie et l’illusion constituent un sujet sinon essentiel, du moins sous-jacent à l’éthique telle qu’abordée et traitée par Ġazālī. L’analyse et le commentaire critique des trois traités de l’Iḥyā’ ont permis de relever les notions clés et de mettre en lumière leur interaction et la manière dont elles s’articulent dans ce « processus » global qu’est le ġurūr. Différents « acteurs » du ġurūr ont pu ainsi être dégagés tels que l’ici-bas (al-dunyā), le Démon (al-Šayṭān) et le « moi » (al-nafs), chacun d’entre eux constituant une entrave pour le croyant dans son cheminement vers l’au-delà. Notre auteur a exploré les vices et les vertus de l’homme afin de tracer la voie pour une émancipation de tous les caractères blâmables pouvant le conduire à sa perte. Cette thèse montre aussi comment Ġazālī a tiré profit de ses sources ouvertement citées ou pas, réactualisant la thématique du ġurūr. C’est ainsi que l’influence connue d’al-Muḥāsibī (m. 243/857) et celle moins connue voire ignorée d’al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmiḏī (m. 318/930) sont ici abordées grâce à une comparaison synoptique de leurs textes respectifs se rapportant au ġurūr avec le « Kitāb Ḏamm al-ġurūr » de l’Iḥyā’ en particulier. Cette recherche démontre, enfin, le prolongement de ses écrits chez des auteurs plus tardifs tels qu’Ibn al-Ǧawzī (m. 597/1201) et Ibn Qayyim al-Ǧawziyya (m. 750/1350), tous deux étant d’éminentes figures du ḥanbalisme
This work explores the notion of vanity in Islam, or ġurūr, focusing on the major work of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī (d. 505/1111) Iḥyā ‘ulūm al-dīn. Our aim is to show how deception and illusion constitute a subject if not essential, at least underlying the ethics as discussed by Ġazālī. The analysis and the critical commentary on the three treatises of the Iḥyā’ enabled us to identify the key concepts and to highlight their interaction and the way in which they were articulated in this global "process" of the ġurūr. Different "actors" of the ġurūr have thus emerged such as the herebelow (al-dunyā), the Demon (al-Šayṭān) and the "ego" (al-nafs), each of them seeking to hinder the believer In his journey towards the hereafter. Our author has explored the vices and virtues of man in order to trace the way to an emancipation of all the blameable characters that can lead him to his loss. This thesis also shows how Ġazālī took advantage of his sources openly cited or not, perpetuating this theme of ġurūr in his own writings. Thus the known influence of al-Muḥāsibī (d. 243/857) and the less known or even ignored influence of al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmiḏī (d. 318/930) are dealt here by a synoptic comparison of their respective texts relating to the theme of ġurūr with the "Kitāb Ḏamm al-ġurūr" of the Iḥyā' in particular. This research also demonstrates the continuation of his writings in later writers such as Ibn al-Ǧawzī (d. 597/1201) and Ibn Qayyim al-Ǧawziyya (d. 750/1350) for example, both eminent figures of ḥanbalism

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Saniotis, Arthur. "Sacred worlds : an analysis of mystical mastery of North Indian Faqirs". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs227.pdf.

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Guessoum, Ahmed. "Le rôle social et politique des Zaouïas : évolution et pratiques : l'exemple de l'ouest algérien". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080051.

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On ne saurait parler aujourd’hui de l’Islam dans son immense complexité sans aborder ses différentes branches et ramifications. Sunnites, chiites, soufis. Les zaouïas font partie de ce paysage de diversité. A travers tous les pays musulmans les zaouïas ont su marqué de quelques empreintes parfois bien profondes les sociétés dans lesquelles elles ont existés.L’histoire nous révèle plusieurs cas où l’influence des soufis était un facteur déterminent dans des décisions politiques et sociales majeures. L’ascension de plusieurs villes et villages s’est faite grâce à la présence du tombeau d’un saint soufi ou voir même à son court passage. Ain Madi dans le sud Algérien, Konya en Turquie, la tombe de RUMI est le deuxième site touristique le plus visité de Turquie. Tombouctou au Mali, Tachkent, Boukhara, Samarkand et bien d’autres.Les études politiques actuelles ne s’intéressent plus uniquement aux institutions du pouvoir et aux élites pour cerner la dynamique d’un pays mais interrogent également les autres éléments constituants les sociétés et analysent les différentes formes de gouvernance et d’autorité.Le cas des zaouïas en Algérie, est des plus éloquents du fait de leurs interventions envers toutes les catégories de la société.De tout temps les politiques peinent à satisfaire les demandes de leurs populations, de les maîtriser et canaliser leurs mécontentement. Le recours aux chefs de tribus, aux représentants associatifs, aux imams est une pratique plutôt courante dans l’entretient et le maintien de la paix sociale. Les zaouïas ne sont pas étrangères aux questions de l’Etat, des populations, de l’identité, de la culture; cependant, toutes ne sont pas concernées par ce rôle
Having been fought, been denigrated, accused, been indicated for a long time as sign of charlatanism, of obscurantism and of collaboration, zaouïas became places most coveted by high representatives in Algeria. Supported, financed, projected, favoured, their roles today is determine. Algeria would count a considerable number of zaouïas. Zaouïas, modest but warm and calm places, reflects humility and peace. Their deep anchoring in cultural, space and social environment, high symbolism which they transport, impose a more and more growing curiosity as soon as they get closer to their perimetres. However, behind this gentle facade, a machine of influence of a formidable effectiveness displayed its tentacles in the different spheres of catch of decisions, in the point where the most part of the members of successive governments for 1990s have a direct or indirect relation with one of Chouyoukhs of zaouïas. To be affiliated to a zaouïa today is fashionable

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Kilali, Miki. "La métamorphose d'Abd El-Kader. Expériences des emprisonnements en France (1848-1852)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUL083.pdf.

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Notre enquête doctorale étudie la métamorphose d'Abd el-Kader, à la suite de sa reddition en Algérie, de 1848 à 1852 pendant son emprisonnement en France. Cette thèse ambitionne d’éclairer la transformation de l'émir Abd el-Kader encore méconnue de l’historiographie, à partir du dépouillement des archives principales d’Aix en Provence (ANOM) et de sources diverses. Les axes principaux de l’étude sont les relations entretenues par l’émir avec des protagonistes politiques, militaires, ecclésiastiques, simples citoyens, son évolution intellectuelle et religieuse nourrie de sa confrontation avec la société française qui l’amène à pratiquer un Islam soufi, la manière dont l’émir est perçu lui-même par ses contemporains : du chef de guerre barbare à l’homme de paix et de dialogue interculturel et inter-religieux. Nous tentons donc de questionner à la fois une trajectoire et des perceptions
Our doctoral investigation studies the metamorphosis of Abd el-Kader, following his surrender in Algeria, from 1848 to 1852 during his imprisonment in France. This thesis aims to shed light on the transformation of the emir Abd al-Qadir still unknown to historiography, from the analysis of the main archives of Aix en Provence (ANOM) and various sources. The main axes of the study are the relations maintained by the emir with political, military, ecclesiastical protagonists, simple citizens, his intellectual and religious evolution nourished by his confrontation with French society which leads him to practice a Sufi Islam, the way in which the emir is perceived himself by his contemporaries : from the barbarian warlord to the man of peace and intercultural and inter-religious dialogue. We therefore attempt to question both a trajectory and perceptions

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Mozaffari-Falarti, Maziar. "Kedah : the foundations and durability of Malay kingship". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31237/1/Maziar_Falarti_Thesis.pdf.

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Clark, Quinn Alexander. "Dīn and Duniyā: Debating Sufism, Saint Shrines, and Money in the Lucknow Area". Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-6ymm-nq05.

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This dissertation asks how Muslims in north India today understand four paradoxical aspects of Sufi saint shrine traditions. The shrines of Sufi saints are sometimes regarded as apolitical, sacred, all-inclusive, and anti-elite religious spaces. At the same time, they are sites that are politicized, illegally bought and sold as commercial real estate, fuel for Islamic sectarian divisions, and often controlled by upper-caste Muslim elites. Based on the analysis of historical archival materials and twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), this dissertation argues that shrines are sites that straddle the dīn-duniyā distinction in Islam. Dīn (understood as “religion” in the modern period) is the atemporal, immaterial domain of true spirituality, whereas duniyā (“world”) is the realm of this-worldly material concerns and temporal impermanence. As sites imbued with the ethereal barakah (love of God manifest as the power of a blessing) of Sufi saints that aid individuals in drawing near to God by transcending “worldly” desires and also material commodities that are aggressively competed over by adversarial stakeholders (e.g., the state, real estate mafias, sectarian rivals), these shrines are paradoxically both of dīn and of duniyā. When asked how one can differentiate between dīn and duniyā—for example, when a Sufi politician is acting a religious manner or in a worldly manner—many of my interviewees explained that one can distinguish between these two domains based on the material presence of money. In this dissertation, I argue that the concept of money (paisā; also, “money” in English) acts as a symbol to help Muslims in Lucknow navigate this paradoxical quality. By attributing to the materiality of money those aspect of shrine operations associated with duniyā, interviewees effectively identified the boundary line dividing dīn from duniyā, thereby resolving the ostensibly contradictory nature of, for example, the politicization of an apolitical space. As a key signifier in the broader neoliberal context of Lucknow and the global politics of Sufism, money is an important concept by which Muslims make sense of the social, economic, and political complexities of Muslim life in the north India.

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Hadaway, Robin Dale. "Contextualization and folk Islam : a case study in the Sudan". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4659.

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Estimates suggest that seventy percent of Muslims follow folk Islam (popular Islam), rather than the orthodox Islamic faith. Most methods for reaching Muslims with the Gospel have concentrated on one of two broad approaches with a third blending the first two methods. Apologetic, polemic and dialogue techniques argue that Christianity is more valid or reasonable than Islam. Other approaches consist of contextualized methods seeking some common ground between Christianity and Islam. Apologetic arguments have not been very effective with folk Muslims because cognitive propositions fail to answer the “why” questions posed by popular Islam. Most contextualized methods also miss the mark with folk Muslims; they rarely attend Islamic worship, observe the five pillars of Islam, or read the Qur’an. A few missiologists propose a fourth category for reaching Muslims – contextualizing according to their worldview. This thesis explores what are the best approaches for evangelizing folk Muslims who are particularly influenced by African Traditional Religion (ATR). The Beja tribe of the Sudan and the Sukuma tribe of Tanzania serve as case studies. I argue for a contextualized approach to folk Muslims, addressing their unique worldviews. ATRinfluenced folk Muslims lean toward a fear-power worldview, while the Sufis among them hold to an existential- transcendent worldview. Each group, therefore, necessitates a different evangelism approach. The first chapter presents preliminary matters, the research question, a literature review, and a rationale for the thesis. The second chapter analyzes the case study example of Beja folk Islam. Chapter three examines folk Islam and its relationship to orthodox Islam,including further illustrations from the Beja tribe. The fourth chapter explores the subject of ATR and its relationship to folk Islam. The Sukuma tribe of Tanzania serves as a base-line model of ATR for a comparison with Beja folk Islam. Chapter five introduces the topic of contextualization in Muslim evangelization and assesses the effectiveness and validity of methods that have been used. Chapter six suggests worldview approaches for reaching ATR and Sufi-influenced folk Muslims. The final chapter summarizes the thesis content, reviews the response to the research question, and analyzes the implications of the findings of the case study.
Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology
D.Th. (Missiology)

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Mustafa, Mentor. "From the ashes of atheism: the reconstitution of Bektashi religious life in postcommunist Albania". Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15668.

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This thesis is an historical and ethnographic account of the postcommunist reconstitution of Albanian Bektashi Sufi practices and community life in the aftermath of a state-based program of radical atheistic secularism. The study is based on 12 months of intensive anthropological fieldwork (9 months in 2007 and shorter research trips between 2005 and 2011) and archival research. The Bektashi Muslims were once closely associated with and supported by the Ottoman state. Since then they have suffered many reversals in fortune. The most severe attack on the Bektashi occurred in communist Albania. Public manifestations of religion and its institutions were entirely dismantled and many spiritual leaders killed or exiled. Nonetheless, survivors now claim that Bektashi devotees secretly believed in and revered the sacred shrines despite efforts by the authoritarian state to do away with all expressions of religious life. Providing both historical and cultural context, the thesis uses ethnographic fieldwork data based on observation, interviews and life histories collected from within the Bektashi community. These document and explore the group's various efforts at community building and regaining legitimacy. In particular, it describes the rebuilding of devastated Bektashi lodges (tekke), the configuration and management of sacred spaces, the ways of becoming Bektashi as reflected in conversion narratives, and the emergence of new saintly authority figures. The penultimate chapter is about religious observance, investigating in depth how the present community of leaders, followers, and guests interact within sacred spaces during pilgrimages, paying special attention to the ambiguities of spiritual authority in the postcommunist setting. The study of present-day religious observance and community building shows that despite their efforts, the Bektashi today are experiencing difficulty establishing order within their own ranks and in winning real support in Albanian society as a whole. The small gains in reclaiming lost authority and access to their now lost economic estates reflects the legacy of atheist secularism and corruption, which coincides with wide spread suspicion of authority figures, including religious authorities. Albanian postcommunist religiosity coincides with a more "Western European" pattern of secularism that is generally characterized by a much diminished level of religious observance.
2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

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Makhasin, Luthfi. "Sokaraja has many santri: Sufism, market culture, and the Muslim business community in Banyumas, Central Java". Master's thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150335.

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Sparkes, Jason. "Doctrines and practices of the Burhaniya Sufi Order in the arab world and in the west between 1938 and 2012 : a decolonial and transdisciplinary analysis from an insider perspective". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10578.

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Ce mémoire présente une exploration décoloniale et transdisciplinaire des doctrines et pratiques de la confrérie soufie transnationale Burhaniya, dans le monde arabe et en Occident. Il traite principalement de la période s’étendant de la fondation de la confrérie en 1938 jusqu’en 2012. Pour bien contextualiser les particularités de l’émergence de cette confrérie moderne, ce mémoire présente tout d’abord son ancrage historique par l’étude de ses racines en lien avec l’histoire du soufisme en Afrique du Nord et en Asie de l’Ouest. Puis, ce mémoire offre une analyse comparative de certains des principaux contextes nationaux où s’est disséminée cette confrérie, à partir du Soudan, vers l’Égypte, la France, l’Allemagne, les États-Unis et le Canada. Suite à ses recherches, l’auteur conclut que les cheikhs de la Burhaniya ont facilité l’expansion de la confrérie en occident et ont perpétué un héritage soufi plutôt traditionnel au sein du monde moderne. Ils ont su le faire en préservant les doctrines fondamentales de leur tradition tout en adaptant leurs pratiques à divers contextes.
This thesis presents a decolonial and transdisciplinary examination of the doctrines and practices of the transnational Burhaniya Sufi order, in the Arab World and in the West. The main time period under consideration is from the foundation of the order in 1938 until 2012. In order to contextualize the particularities of this modern order’s emergence, this thesis begins by presenting its historical roots related to the history of Sufism in North Africa and West Asia. Then, the thesis offers a comparative analysis of certain national contexts in which the order was disseminated, from Sudan to Egypt, France, Germany, the United States, and Canada. The author concludes from his findings that the sheikhs of the Burhaniya have facilitated the expansion of their order in the West, and perpetuated a fairly traditional Sufi heritage in the modern world. They have done so by combining strong commitment to core doctrines and adaptability to contexts of practice.

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Hrabalová, Lenka. "Marocká náboženská politika od roku 2003". Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331384.

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MOROCCO'S RELIGIOUS POLICY SINCE 2003 The year 2003 marks a beginning of a new era in moroccan religious policy, which aims at an unification of religious field in the kingdom and a fight against islamic radicalism. Moroccan king Mohammed VI. succeeded in management of both internal and external threats to his kingdom's stability in past twelve years and in a comparison with his counterparts he managed to emerge strengthened out of crisis of the first decade of a new millennium. Main topic of this essay is to map an effort to control moroccan religious scene by state and its achievements and failures.

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Desai, Desmond. "The ratiep art form of South African muslims". Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8929.

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The ratiep is a peculiarly South African trance-linked art form characterised by stabbings with sharp objects to the arms and other bodily parts, the piercing of the ear-lobes, the cheeks and the tongue by alwaan (skewers), the performance of certain standard dhikr to the accompaniment of the rebanna and dhol, and a highly stylized movement. The ratiep art form is rooted in Sufi Muslim traditions. Similar trance-linked art forms, called the dabos and Sufi ceremonies, exist in Sumatra and Syria respectively. These are all linked to Abdul Kader al-Jilani, founder of the Qadiriyyah Sufi fraternity. The South African variant of the art form also characterised by unusual self-mutilating acts, has been practised for more than 200 years, and started amongst the Cape Muslims. The literature provides historical evidence of the controversy regarding its "Islamic" nature, which has existed since the latter half of the previous century amongst South African Muslims. It has become dissociated from Islamic practices generally, and is regarded as bidat (innovatory). The South African Indian ratiep performance relates to its Cape Muslim counterpart. Both subgenres show a special relationship to the different genres and styles of music constituting South African Islamic and 'Cape Malay' music which are unique outflows of the cultural heritage, the social milieu and the enslaved, deprived and indentured work circumstances of early South African Muslims. In its vocal style the khalifa performance relates to qiraat and the secular nederlandslied; the latter is a transitional form between the sacred orthodox qiraat and the secular homophonic oulied. A voorwerk and giyerwee sharif precede respectively the Cape Muslim performance and its Indian counterpart. Like the ratiep, they have well-defined textual and musical forms. Ratiep musical instruments. the characteristic movement, the praboes (sharp instruments) and the bank with its decorations of flags add to the totality of the ratiep performance. Metaphysical and medical considerations are important in understanding the nature and purpose of the ratiep performance and the absence of bleeding; the results achieved thus far are still inconclusive. Ratiep acts are often seen as skilful swordplay and exhibitionism, rather than a physical testimony of faith.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1993.

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Baig, Noman. "God and greed : money and meditation in Karachi’s marketplace". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28317.

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The dissertation focuses on the shaping of merchants’ subjectivity in Karachi’s contemporary marketplace. It does this by placing human experience within the matrix of the cosmological value system, driven to a large extent by Islamic moral and ethical principles, as well as everyday material conditions, determined by economic activity. In doing so, it brings together the material and spiritual in conversation with each other. This dissertation particularly focuses on the convergence of Sufi moral discourse and meditative practices of zikr/dhikr with globalized technologies of finance capitalism. It seeks to answer: How do the two seemingly different practices converge? Modern financial practices aim to discipline merchants into becoming economic subjects accumulating capital. In contrast, the spiritual tradition of Sufi techniques shapes this excessive desire for accumulating, through the meditation (zikr/dhikr), molding the merchants into charitable subjects. Being a self-maximizing as well as a self-annihilating individual in the market, the merchant is able to contain the larger structuring of money and moral universes in everyday life. The experience generated at the threshold of accumulation and charity, I argue, gives rise to an affirmative subjectivity, which perceives the unity of existence the way it is.
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Abbe, Susan. "Der Weg der Sa`dīya". Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F22E-6.

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