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Zhang, Peng. "Approximating true relevance model in relevance feedback". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/808.
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Relevance is an essential concept in information retrieval (IR) and relevance estimation is a fundamental IR task. It involves not only document relevance estimation, but also estimation of user's information need. Relevance-based language model aims to estimate a relevance model (i.e., a relevant query term distribution) from relevance feedback documents. The true relevance model should be generated from truly relevant documents. The ideal estimation of the true relevance model is expected to be not only effective in terms of mean retrieval performance (e.g., Mean Average Precision) over all the queries, but also stable in the sense that the performance is stable across different individual queries. In practice, however, in approximating/estimating the true relevance model, the improvement of retrieval effectiveness often sacrifices the retrieval stability, and vice versa. In this thesis, we propose to explore and analyze such effectiveness-stability tradeoff from a new perspective, i.e., the bias-variance tradeoff that is a fundamental theory in statistical estimation. We first formulate the bias, variance and the trade-off between them for retrieval performance as well as for query model estimation. We then analytically and empirically study a number of factors (e.g., query model complexity, query model combination, document weight smoothness and irrelevant documents removal) that can affect the bias and variance. Our study shows that the proposed bias-variance trade-off analysis can serve as an analytical framework for query model estimation. We then investigate in depth on two particular key factors: document weight smoothness and removal of irrelevant documents, in query model estimation, by proposing novel methods for document weight smoothing and irrelevance distribution separation, respectively. Systematic experimental evaluation on TREC collections shows that the proposed methods can improve both retrieval effectiveness and retrieval stability of query model estimation. In addition to the above main contributions, we also carry out initial exploration on two further directions: the formulation of bias-variance in personalization and looking at the query model estimation via a novel theoretical angle (i.e., Quantum theory) that has partially inspired our research.
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Maglaughlin, Kelly L., i Diane H. Sonnenwald. "User Perspectives on Relevance Criteria: A Comparison among Relevant, Partially Relevant, and Not-Relevant Judgments". Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105087.
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This study investigates the use of criteria to assess relevant, partially relevant and not relevant documents. Each study participant identified passages within 20 document representations that were used in making relevance judgments, judged each document representation as a whole to be relevant, partially relevant or not relevant to their information need, and explained their decisions in an interview. Analysis revealed 29 criteria, discussed positively and negatively, used by the participants when selecting passages that contributed or detracted from a document's relevance. These criteria can be grouped into 6 categories: author, abstract, content, full text, journal or publisher and personal. Results indicate that multiple criteria are used when making relevant, partially relevant and not relevant judgments. Additionally, most criteria can have both a positive or negative contribution to the relevance of a document. The criteria most frequently mentioned by study participants in this study was content, followed by criteria concerning the full text document. These findings may have implications for relevance feedback in information retrieval systems, suggesting that users give relevance feedback using multiple criteria and indicate positive and negative criteria contributions. Systems designers may want to focus on supporting content criteria followed by full text criteria as this may provide the greatest cost benefit.
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Gutt, Ernst-August. "Translation and relevance". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317504/.
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In this study I argue that the phenomenon commonly referred to as "translation" can be accounted for naturally within the relevance theory of communication developed by Sperber and Wilson: there is no need for a distinct general theory of translation. Most kinds of translation can be analysed as varieties of Interpretive use. I distinguish direct from indirect translation, where direct translation corresponds to the idea that translation should convey the same meaning as the original, including stylistic effects, and indirect translation involves looser degrees of faithfulness. I show that direct translation is merely a special case of interpretive use, whereas indirect translation is the general case. More generally, the different kinds of translation, with the various principles and guidelines that have been proposed to account for them, can be explained in terms of the interaction between the principle of relevance and contextual factors, without recourse to typological frameworks. I end by arguing that the communicative success of a translation is not determined by conformity to any stipulations of translation theory, but by the causal interaction between stimulus, context and interpretation rooted in the relevance-orientation of human cognition.
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Ifantidou, Elly. "Evidentials and relevance". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1381758/.
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Evidentials are expressions used to indicate the source of evidence and strength of speaker commitment to information conveyed. They include sentence adverbials such as 'obviously', parenthetical constructions such as 'I think', and hearsay expressions such as 'allegedly'. This thesis argues against the speech-act and Gricean accounts of evidentials and defends a Relevance-theoretic account Chapter 1 surveys general linguistic work on evidentials, with particular reference to their semantic and pragmatic status, and raises the following issues: for linguistically encoded evidentials, are they truth-conditional or non-truth-conditional, and do they contribute to explicit or implicit communication. For pragmatically inferred evidentials, is there a pragmatic framework in which they can be adequately accounted for? Chapters 2-4 survey the three main semantic/pragmatic frameworks for the study of evidentials. Chapter 2 argues that speech-act theory fails to give an adequate account of pragmatic inference processes. Chapter 3 argues that while Grice's theory of meaning and communication addresses all the central issues raised in the first chapter, evidentials fall outside Grice's basic categories of meaning and communication. Chapter 4 outlines the assumptions of Relevance Theory that bear on the study of evidentials. I sketch an account of pragmatically inferred evidentials, and introduce three central distinctions: between explicit and implicit communication, truth-conditional and non-truth-conditional meaning, and conceptual and procedural meaning. These distinctions are applied to a variety of linguistically encoded evidentials in chapters 5-7. Chapter 5 deals with sentence adverbials, chapter 6 focuses on parenthetical constructions, and chapter 7 looks at hearsay particles. My main concern is with how these expressions pattern with respect to the three distinctions developed in chapter 4. 1 show that although all three types of expression contribute to explicit rather than implicit communication, they exhibit important differences with respect to both the truth conditional/ non-truth-conditional and the conceptual/procedural distinctions. Chapter 8 is a brief conclusion.
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Matsui, Tomoko. "Bridging and relevance". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481767.
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Nemes, Linda M. "Relevance of ambiguity". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53297.
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Many times it is not an answer towards which we struggle but instead the formulation of the question. The answer then becomes the lifelong quest.
This thesis I believe to be the formulation of that question and my architectural career the pursuit of the answer.Master of Architecture
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Woods, Walt. "Sensory Relevance Models". PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5123.
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This dissertation concerns methods for improving the reliability and quality of explanations for decisions based on Neural Networks (NNs). NNs are increasingly part of state-of-the-art solutions for a broad range of fields, including biomedical, logistics, user-recommendation engines, defense, and self-driving vehicles. While NNs form the backbone of these solutions, they are often viewed as "black box" solutions, meaning the only output offered is a final decision, with no insight into how or why that particular decision was made. For high-stakes fields, such as biomedical, where lives are at risk, it is often more important to be able to explain a decision such that the underlying assumptions might be verified.
Prior methods of explaining NN decisions from images have been proposed, and fall into one of two categories: post-hoc analyses and attention networks. Post-hoc analyses, such as Grad-CAM, look at gradient information within the network to identify which regions of an image had the greatest effect on the final decision. Attention networks consist of structural changes to the network, which produce a mask through which the image is filtered before subsequent processing. The result is a heatmap highlighting regions which have the greatest effect on the final decision. This dissertation identifies two flaws with these approaches. First, these methods of explanation change wildly when the network is exposed to adversarial examples. When an imperceptible change to the input results in a significant change in the explanation, how reliable is the explanation? Second, these methods all produce a heatmap, which arguably does not have the definition required to truly understand which features are important. An algorithm that can draw a circle around a cat does not necessarily know that it is looking at a cat; it only recognizes the existence of a salient object.
To address these flaws, this dissertation explores Sensory Relevance Models (SRMs), methods of explanation which utilize the full richness of the sensory domain. Initially motivated by a study of sparsity, several incarnations of SRMs were evaluated for their ability to resist adversarial examples and provide a more informative explanation than a heatmap.
The first SRM formulation resulted from a study of network bisections, where NNs were split into a pre-processing step (the SRM) and a classifying step. The result of the pre-processing step would be made very sparse before being passed to the classifier. Visualizing the sparse, intermediate computation would potentially have yielded a heatmap-like explanation, with the potential for more textured explanations being formed off of the myriad features comprising each spatial location of the SRM's output. Two methods of achieving network bisection using auxiliary losses were devised, and both were successful in generating a sparse, intermediate representation which could be interpreted by a human observer. However, even a network bisection SRM which used only 26% of the input image did not result in decreased adversarial attack magnitude. Without solving the adversarial attack issue, any explanation based on the network bisection SRM would be as fragile as previously proposed methods.
That led to the theory of Adversarial Explanations (AE). Rather than trying to produce an explanation in spite of adversarial examples, it made sense to work with them. For images, adversarial examples result in full-color, high-definition output. If they could be leveraged for explanations, they would solve both of the flaws identified with previous explanation techniques. Through new mathematical techniques, such as a stochastic Lipschitz constraint, and designing new mechanisms for NNs, such as the Half-Huber Rectified Linear Unit, AE were very successful. On ILSVRC 2012, a dataset of 1,281,167 images of size 224x224 comprising 1,000 different classes, the techniques for AE resulted in NNs 2.4x more resistant to adversarial attacks than the previous state-of-the-art, while retaining the same accuracy on clean data and using a smaller network. Explanations generated using AE possessed very discernible features, with a more obvious interpretation when compared to heatmap-based explanations. As AE works with the non-linearities of NNs rather than against them, the explanations are relevant for a much larger neighborhood of inputs. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the new adversarial examples produced by AE could be annotated and fed back into the training process, yielding further improved adversarial resistance through a Human-In-The-Loop pipeline.
Altogether, this dissertation demonstrates significant advancements in the field of machine learning, particularly for explaining the decisions of NNs. At the time of publication, AE is an unparalleled technique, producing more reliable, higher-quality explanations for image classification decisions than were previously available. The modifications presented also demonstrate ways in which adversarial attacks might be mitigated, improving the security of NNs. It is my hope that this work provides a basis for future work in the realms of both adversarial resistance and explainable NNs, making algorithms more reliable for industry fields where accountability matters, such as biomedical or autonomous vehicles.
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Frank, Mario. "Axiom relevance decision engine : technical report". Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7212/.
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This document presents an axiom selection technique for classic first order theorem proving based on the relevance of axioms for the proof of a conjecture. It is based on unifiability of predicates and does not need statistical information like symbol frequency. The scope of the technique is the reduction of the set of axioms and the increase of the amount of provable conjectures in a given time. Since the technique generates a subset of the axiom set, it can be used as a preprocessor for automated theorem proving. This technical report describes the conception, implementation and evaluation of ARDE. The selection method, which is based on a breadth-first graph search by unifiability of predicates, is a weakened form of the connection calculus and uses specialised variants or unifiability to speed up the selection. The implementation of the concept is evaluated with comparison to the results of the world championship of theorem provers of the year 2012 (CASC J6). It is shown that both the theorem prover leanCoP which uses the connection calculus and E which uses equality reasoning, can benefit from the selection approach. Also, the evaluation shows that the concept is applyable for theorem proving problems with thousands of formulae and that the selection is independent from the calculus used by the theorem prover.Dieser technische Report beschreibt die Konzeption, Implementierung und Evaluation eines Verfahrens zur Auswahl von logischen Formeln bezüglich derer Relevanz für den Beweis einer logischen Formel. Das Verfahren wird ausschließlich für die Prädikatenlogik erster Ordnung angewandt, wenngleich es auch für höherstufige Prädikatenlogiken geeignet ist. Das Verfahren nutzt eine unifikationsbasierte Breitensuche im Graphen wobei jeder Knoten im Graphen ein Prädikat und jede existierende Kante eine Unifizierbarkeitsrelation ist. Ziel des Verfahrens ist die Reduktion einer gegebenen Menge von Formeln auf eine für aktuelle Theorembeweiser handhabbare Größe. Daher ist das Verfahren als Präprozess-Schritt für das automatische Theorembeweisen geeignet. Zur Beschleunigung der Suche wird neben der Standard-Unifikation eine abgeschwächte Unifikation verwendet. Das System wurde während der Weltmeisterschaft der Theorembeweiser im Jahre 2014 (CASC J6) in Manchester zusammen mit dem Theorembeweiser leanCoP eingereicht und konnte leanCoP dabei unterstützen, Probleme zu lösen, die leanCoP alleine nicht handhaben kann. Die Tests mit leanCoP und dem Theorembeweiser E im Nachgang zu der Weltmeisterschaft zeigen, dass das Verfahren unabhängig von dem verwendeten Kalkül ist und bei beiden Theorembeweisern positive Auswirkungen auf die Beweisbarkeit von Problemen mit großen Formelmengen hat.
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Lowrie, Anthony. "Marketing higher education : the promotion of relevance and the relevance of promotion". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614172.
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Yuksel, Melih. "Relevance Of Team 10". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606076/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims at understanding design strategies developed by Team 10 members and their relevance to contemporary architecture. These strategies are studied by referring to their seminal projects. It is argued that what is significant in the design approaches of Team 10 is the search for patterns of human association or networks of human relations that supports physical structure and organizes social communication. The thesis focuses on the Golden Lane Housing Project (1952) by Alison and Peter Smithson is in order to illustrate how the patterns of association are organized.
Team 10’
s approach to design suggests a shift of emphasis from specific object to spatial organization of relations. They try to achieve a multi-layered urban and architectural solution. Their projects are infrastructural organizations, in which all layers are combined in a perpetual complex system. The thesis makes an analysis of the Golden Lane Housing Project in order to understand the ways how the layers are organized and associated to each other. An inquiry into the works of Team 10 members shows that they put particular emphasis on the notions of infrastructural organization, mobility, flexibility, layering, adaptability to change and growth, repetition and variation. The thesis points out that these notions are still relevant in contemporary architectural practices.
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Schmolck, Alexander. "Smooth relevance vector machines". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/40793.
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Regression tasks belong to the set of core problems faced in statistics and machine learning and promising approaches can often be generalized to also deal with classification, interpolation or denoising problems. Whereas the most widely used classical statistical techniques place severe a priori constraints on the type of function that can be approximated (e.g. only lines, in the case of linear regression), the successes of sparse kernel learners, such as the SVM (support vector machine) demonstrate that good results may be obtained in a quite general framework by enforcing sparsity. Similarly, even very simple sparsity-based denoising techniques, such as classical wavelet shrinkage, can produce surprisingly good results on a wide variety of different signals, because, unlike noise, most signals of practical interest share vital characteristics (such as smoothness, or the ability to be well approximated by piece-wise linear polynomials of a low order) that allow a sparse representation in wavelet space. On the other hand results obtained from SVMs (and classical wavelet-shrinkage) suffer from a certain lack of interpretability, since one cannot straightforwardly attach probabilities to them. By contrast regression, and even more importantly classification, in a Bayesian context always entails a probabilistic measure of confidence in the results, which, provided the model assumptions are reasonably accurate, forms a basis for principled decision-making. The relevance vector machine (RVM) combines these strengths by explicitly encoding the criterion of model sparsity as a (Bayesian) prior over the model weights and offers a single, unified paradigm to efficiently deal with regression as well as classification tasks. However the lack of an explicit prior structure over the weight variances means that the degree of sparsity is to a large extent controlled by the choice of kernel (and kernel parameters). This can lead to severe overfitting or oversmoothing -- possibly even both at the same time (e.g. for the multiscale Doppler data). This thesis details an efficient scheme to control sparsity in Bayesian regression by incorporating a flexible noise-dependent smoothness prior into the RVM. The resultant smooth RVM (sRVM) encompasses the original RVM as a special case, but empirical results with a variety of popular data sets show that it can surpass RVM performance in terms of goodness of fit and achieved sparsity as well as computational performance in many cases. As the smoothness prior effectively makes it possible to use (highly efficient) wavelet kernels in an RVM setting this work also unveils a strong connection between Bayesian wavelet shrinkage and RVM regression and effectively further extends the applicability of the RVM to denoising tasks for up to millions of datapoints. We further discuss its applicability to classification tasks.
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Zegarac, Vladimir. "Tense, aspect and relevance". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349786/.
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The main aim of this thesis is to consider some consequences of the relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson (1986) for explaining a number of phenomena relating to verbal aspect. Chapter one introduces some basic notions relating to aspect and illustrates the interaction of aspect and tense and gives an outline of the main tenets of relevance theory. Chapter two considers the aspectual categories (simple-progressive) of English and (perfective-imperfective) of Serbo- Croat in relation to each other, and also in relation to the the classification of verbs according to the situation types they denote. Problems of defining the aspectual categories of these two languages are examined, and the suggestion is put forward that relevance theory provides the framework which makes it possible to maintain a fairly austere semantics of aspectual categories as well as to explain aspectual choice. Chapter three examines the treatment of aspectual categories in terms of subjectivity. It is argued that speakers' intuitions about the aspectual categories being expressive of subjectivity can be explained pragmatically, in terms of the notions of loose use and interpretive use. In Chapter four, I argue that in addition to the feature of completion, the semantics of aspectual categories of both English and Serbo-Croat needs to be characterised in terms of reference to particular events instantiating the property denoted by the predicate. I show how this assumption makes it possible to explain a number of uses of the English progressive. I then proceed to argue that the progressive of English and the perfective of Serbo-Croat differ with regard to completion but that they both point indexically, as it were, to a particular event instantiating the property denoted by the predicate. This assumption is shown to be crucial in explaining aspectual choice in the two languages. Although the data discussed are drawn solely from English and Serbo-Croat, the central ideas presented should carry over to Slavonic languages in general. Chapter five looks at situation type aspect in the light of Sperber and Wilson's (1986) view that conceptual information is stored in three types of entries. It is shown that the difference in the behaviour of verbs which intuitively seems to correlate with dynamicness and stativity, is best explained in terms of a three-way distinction determined by meaning postulate-like rules in the logical entries of concepts for individual verbs. I also give evidence in support of the view that accomplishment VPs fall into two classes depending on whether or not they grammaticalise completion, and I show that the grammaticalisation of completion in some predicates of this type is pragmatically explained.
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Xu, Zuobing. "Active relevance feedback algorithms /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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McCleary, Jeffrey Dennis. "Establishing relevance in preaching". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Meiner, Mortensen Jens. "Models in value relevance /". Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2009. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/2009/20034000.pdf.
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Hollenbach, Riaan. "Establishing significance through relevance". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53327.
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The study investigates the relevance of public, historic buildings in an urban context with specific focus on the old ZAR Staatsmuseum in Pretoria. The project aims to find a way, to re-establish the Staatsmuseum as a significant b uilding, a b uilding with dignity, through making it relevant within the urban context, once again. The heritage response that will be investigated is an adaptive re-use approach, which refers back to the statement of significance of the building, as formulated as part of this study.
The programmatic response is associated with the initial program of the building, as a Life Sciences museum will be introduced in the building. The concepts of plinth, entrance, exhibition (including light and movement) and courtyard are specific design drivers, that will be investigated and responded to as part of the design process.Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Cosijn, Erica. "Relevance judgements in information retrieval". Thesis, Pretoria [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192005-145624/.
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Yamout, Fadi. "Relevance Feedback Using Weight Propagation". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485442.
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A new relevance feedback technique called Weight Propagation has been developed which provides greater retrieval effectiveness than previously described techniques. Documents judged relevant by the user propagate positive Weights to documents close by in vector similarity space, while documents judged not relevant propagate Negative Weights to such neighbouring documents. Variants of Weight Propagation are also described, namely WPI and WPR (inspired by Ide and Rocchio respectively), and WPY which is the main focus of this thesis, where only the maximum weight propagated to each document is counted. Weight Propagation was further enhanced by introducing a second-order propagation (documents that receive weights themselve!propagate weights to related documents) which increased the precision of the results. WPY is compared against the Rocchio and Ide techniques in the vector model based on the tf.idf weighting scheme, and against the Information-theoretic query expansion technique based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence measure using the DB2 weighting model of the Divergence From Randomness framework. Different RF models were employed such as pseudo relevance feedback in addition to both simulated positive and negative feedback using residual collection technique. The experiments are performed on different test collections such as MED, CISI, Cranfield, LISA, NPL, WTIOG and GOV. Small collections such as MED, CISI, and Cranfield were also tested in the semantic space using Latent Semantic Indexing and the optimal number of dimensions that captures the underlying semantics that exists between the documents is determined for these collections. Retrieval effectiveness is improved since the documents are treated as independent vectors rather than being merged into a single vector as is the case with traditional vector model relevance feedback techniques, or by determining the documents' relevancy based on the lengths of all the documents as with the Kullback-Leibler divergence measure used in traditional probabilistic relevance feedback techniques. In addition, the Weight Propagation technique does not expand terms as in the case with traditional approaches.
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Jacobs, Jan Adriaan. "Streptococcus milleri relevance of species /". Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1996. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6650.
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Starr, Julia Catherine. "The Fulbright Program's Contemporary Relevance". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/446.
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The most valuable contribution of the Fulbright Program, at its founding in 1946 and today in 2012, remains its ability to inculcate mutual understanding, which represents a vital component in the success of multilateral cooperation necessary to create a secure and thriving international community. During the Cold War, promoting mutual understanding was valued for its ability to share the ideals and benefits of American democracy and create strong relationships between Americans and foreigners in direct competition with the Soviet Union’s projection of communist ideology. This thesis demonstrates how, through the lenses of leadership, multiculturalism, soft power, and public diplomacy, the Fulbright Program achieves its founding goals by maintaining healthy diplomatic relations, developing competent leadership in political and professional realms, and fostering the perspective and skillset necessary to address the multifaceted challenges that America and the international community face today.
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Dam, Mads F. "Relevance logic and concurrent composition". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/414.
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Compositionality, i.e. that properties of composite systems are deduced in terms of those of their immediate constituents, is crucial to the tractability and practical usefulness of program logics. A general technique for obtaining this for parallel composition appeals to a relativisation of properties with respect to properties of parallel environments. This induces a notion of consequence on properties which will in general be a relevant one. Based on this observation we suggest using modal or temporal extensions of relevance logics to build compositional logics for processes. We investigate the general model theory of propositional relevance logic and introduce a notion of model based on semilattices with an inf-preserving binary operation. We present a number of correspondence and completeness results, investigate the relationship to Sylvan and Meyer's ternary model, and present concrete models based on Milner's SCCS. To account for dynamic behaviour a modal extension of linear logic is introduced, interpreted over models extended by prefixing in the style of CCS/SCCS. We show a variety of characterisation results, relating models to processes under testing preorders, and obtain completeness results, first for the general algebraically based interpretations and next for the process-based ones giving, for the latter, procedures for deciding validity and satisfiability of formulas. From a computational point of view the processes considered are unacceptably weak in that they lack a suitable notion of external, or controllable, choice. To remedy this we consider indexed modal models under weak preorders, generalising notions of process equivalence such as testing and failures equivalence. We give characterisations of these in terms of modal logic and axiomatise the logics obtained. Relevant extensions of these logics are introduced, interpreted over model classes on which a parallel composition is defined. We axiomatise the logics obtained, giving decision procedures as before, and conclude by specialising the results to testing equivalence and synchronous parallel composition.
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Furlong, Anne. "Relevance theory and literary interpretation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349785/.
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The thesis aims to contribute to literary studies by characterising literary interpretation not as a unique activity but as a subset of general communication, driven by a global cognitive strategy: the search for relevance. It will use relevance theory to account for the production and evaluation of literary interpretations. It also attempts to shed light on the notion of literariness. The thesis briefly treats the major schools of thought on literature and literary interpretation, and criticises the communication model which underlies virtually all of them. A sketch of relevance theory is given, setting out the basic arguments of the theory with emphasis on those aspects most pertinent to literature: the writer's intention, and the question of responsibility in interpretation. This discussion raises issues of vagueness and indeterminacy, and the effects peculiar to the literary work. These, it is argued, play a crucial role in conveying the writer's intention, and in creating literary or "poetic" effects. Detailed discussion of specific literary works, both prose and verse, illustrates how the interpretive process might work in relevance-theoretic terms. The notion of "foregrounding" is discussed, and a relevance-theoretic approach to the phenomenon is illustrated in a discussion of repetition and irony in prose and verse. Finally, the thesis returns to what constitutes a literary interpretation, and distinguishes on principled grounds between interpretations produced in the search for optimal relevance (exegetical) from those produced in the search for actual or maximal relevance (eisegetical). A discussion of what distinguishes the literary interpretation and the literary work develops the implications of this application. The thesis concludes with a consideration of the question of what properties characterise a classic work, and to considerations related to the formation of a canon, especially in literature.
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Ruthven, Ian. "Abduction, explanation and relevance feedback". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392605.
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Rivet, Christophe. "The relevance of heritage places". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28025.
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Why do we care about heritage places? Heritage conservation theory and practice have assumed that these places are intrinsic to the idea of community and that their conservation is of public interest. Yet heritage places, as recognized by governments, do not necessarily have overwhelming support for their conservation, despite better processes to include multiple values. Some elicit a strong sense of connection, others are a ‘foreign country’ to be visited. Finally, some are forgotten though remain officially recognized as part of a ‘national heritage’. The relevance of these places is a deciding factor in their fate. In parallel, the concept of lieux de mémoire (place of memory) highlights the nature of those places that do not require official recognition to exist and to engage communities in their conservation. Their significance often clash with the purpose of legislation and government agencies because these tend to focus on processes based on facts and consensus. The relevance of these places to a community may not be captured and conserved by official means. This thesis explores the expressions of relevance of recognized (official) and unrecognized (unofficial) heritage places by studying the case of Grand Pré in Nova Scotia (Canada), a community with more than a century of official and unofficial heritage status. The case study reveals the various roles and responsibilities emerging from state and community initiatives to highlight differences in the nature of heritage places. By contrasting the roots of the mainstream heritage conservation movement and of the community-driven assignment of value to certain places, this thesis establishes characteristics that distinguish ‘historic places’ from lieux de mémoire. That distinction creates a path towards improved definition, conservation, and relevance of heritage places. This thesis concludes by proposing an approach to conserving heritage places based on their function as an evolution from current values-based conservation.
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Palmer, Esther. "Service-learning : relevance and meaning". Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 3, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/471.
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Published ArticleInstitutions of higher education have multiple purposes. These purposes focus mainly on teaching (learning), research, and community service, but it is believed that more attention and resources should be turned to the compelling needs of the contemporary society. Therefore the growing urgency for Higher Education Institutions to become more involved and a more vigorous partner in addressing our most pressing social and economic community problems. The belief is that this involvement and partnership can be brought about through service-learning (SL), a community and Higher Education Service Partnership (CHESP), introduced by the Joint Education Trust (JET) in 1998. This article reflects on the development and implementation of a service-learning module in Human Resource Practices at the Central University of Technology, Free State to not only support the Free State Development Plan, but also to address both curriculum and community needs.
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Gomes, Diana Monteiro. "Value relevance of financial assets". Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9481.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis study’s proposal is to examine for the Portuguese market, the value relevance of unrealized fair value gains and losses of financial assets, namely for financial instruments at fair value through profit and loss (which includes held-for-trading securities) and for available-for-sale financial assets. The objective is to obtain a perception of how well stock prices and returns reflect the fair value changes of these two financial assets. For a sample of Portuguese listed companies in a 2005-2007 period, no significant evidence is found regarding the value relevance of both cumulative and incremental unrealized fair value gains and losses associated to the two analyzed financial instruments. Several underlying factors for these results are presented, based on prior research.
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Anjos, Gustavo Saraiva dos. "Pensions accounting and value relevance". Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9588.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe importance of this research is related with the value of the value relevance literature and its contribution to accounting setters. It is indeed emphasized by the changes in IAS 19 proposed by the IASB in 2010. In this context, the primary objective of this study is to provide a literature review regarding post-retirement benefits with focus in defined benefit plans, taking into consideration the way to account for that and its relation with equity value and also the value relevance from an investor perspective within benefit plans accounting. As conclusion, we identified in previous literature that the full recognition of actuarial gains and losses in equity is more value relevant to the investor, wich is according the last amendment of IAS 19, and its main proposition is the elimination of the corridor approach.
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Войналович, Тетяна. "Translation studies and its relevance". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7401.
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LaBouve, Eric. "Relevance Analysis for Document Retrieval". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1976.
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Document retrieval systems recover documents from a dataset and order them according to their perceived relevance to a user’s search query. This is a difficult task for machines to accomplish because there exists a semantic gap between the meaning of the terms in a user’s literal query and a user’s true intentions. Even with this ambiguity that arises with a lack of context, users still expect that the set of documents returned by a search engine is both highly relevant to their query and properly ordered. The focus of this thesis is on document retrieval systems that explore methods of ordering documents from unstructured, textual corpora using text queries. The main goal of this study is to enhance the Okapi BM25 document retrieval model. In doing so, this research hypothesizes that the structure of text inside documents and queries hold valuable semantic information that can be incorporated into the Okapi BM25 model to increase its performance. Modifications that account for a term’s part of speech, the proximity between a pair of related terms, the proximity of a term with respect to its location in a document, and query expansion are used to augment Okapi BM25 to increase the model’s performance. The study resulted in 87 modifications which were all validated using open source corpora. The top scoring modification from the validation phase was then tested under the Lisa corpus and the model performed 10.25% better than Okapi BM25 when evaluated under mean average precision. When compared against two industry standard search engines, Lucene and Solr, the top scoring modification largely outperforms these systems by upwards to 21.78% and 23.01%, respectively.
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Builes, David(David Alan). "The empirical relevance of metaphysics". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127150.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Are metaphysical debates relevant to ordinary empirical inquiry? This dissertation collects a series of papers which answers in the affirmative. The first part of the dissertation is concerned with inductive inference. I argue that we shouldn't expect the world to be amenable to induction if orthodox versions of Humeanism or Non-Humeanism are correct. I then develop and defend a hybrid view, a 'Humean Non-Humeanism', which has a better hope of vindicating inductive inference. The second part of the dissertation is concerned with self-locating belief. While puzzles regarding self-locating belief are often motivated by certain fanciful thought experiments, it has recently been argued that the epistemology of self-locating belief is of central concern to many of the deepest questions in fundamental physics: including the interpretation of quantum mechanics, large-scale cosmology, and the (alleged) fine-tuning of the universe. I begin by arguing that the correct epistemology of self-locating belief is also relevant to classic debates in the metaphysics of time. By exploiting the fact that different theories in the metaphysics of time classify different sorts of facts as 'merely indexical' facts, it can be shown that different views in the metaphysics of time make different empirical predictions. I then turn to argue for the correct epistemology of self-locating belief on metaphysical grounds. I first argue for some conditional claims: if one holds certain (controversial) metaphysical views regarding the nature of objects, properties, and identity across time, then one should uphold a particular theory of self-locating belief. I then go on to argue for an overall metaphysical picture that vindicates these views concerning the nature of objects, properties, and identity across time.
by David Builes.
Ph. D. in Linguistics
Ph.D.inLinguistics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy
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McDowell, Evelyn Aniton. "Reciprocity and Financial Information Relevance". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1144437522.
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Ji, Donghong. "Conceptual relevance : representation and analysis". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711639.
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Tluk, von Toschanowitz Katharina. "Relevance determination in reinforcement learning". Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993341128/04.
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Sumino, Kazuko. "The relevance of Morris's socialism". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34919.
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Since William Morris has earned his reputation as an artist; the seriousness of his socialism is often underestimated. E.P. Thompson re-established the reputation of Morris as a socialist, but he did not totally appreciate Morris's past and the role of art and romanticism in his socialism. Therefore Thompson missed its essential character. This thesis examines Morris's socialism in the round, and argues that Morris's criticism of capitalism is relevant, not only because it provides us with the keys to tackle the crisis the modern global market has brought, but also because it sheds light on the fatal faults of the existing socialist regimes. The essence of Morris's socialism is the emphasis on pleasurable work. Morris claimed work should be enjoyed as art, i.e. the expression of human pleasure in work, and no society would be genuine without abolishing toil and making every work attractive. Through the comparison with Marx and other socialists, this thesis maintains that Morris is practically the only socialist who stressed the importance of the qualitative aspect of work. Most other socialists focused only on the abolition of private property and the reduction of working hours, namely the quantitative aspect of work. The relevance of his socialism also lies in the employment of utopia and imagination. Unlike orthodox Marxists, Morris created the image of future society in ‘News from Nowhere', believing it important to urge workers to have vivid images of their own in order to change society. Morris's utopianism is not an adjunct to Marxism, but the specific area Morris emphasised. His romanticism, 'the capacity to make the past present', enabled him to understand sorrow and joy of ordinary people in the past and the present, and to pursue society where everybody is equal and an artist.
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Das, Kantilal. "The Philosophical relevance of language". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/56.
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Roos, Bergman Johanna, i Belmina Omerhodzic. "Religionskunskapsämnets relevans i ett sekulariserat samhälle / The relevance of Religion Education in a secular society". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-29565.
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Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att först och främst ta reda på om dagens elever verkligen är sekulariserade. Oberoende om svaret är ja eller nej vill vi ta reda på hur detta påverkar religionsundervisningen. Dessutom vill vi ta reda på hur vi, som blivande ämneslärare i religionskunskap, kan göra religionsundervisningen så vardagsanpassad som möjligt? För att få svar på våra frågeställningar har vi först sammanställt tidigare forskning för att ge en överblick kring var den pågående forskningen står om ämnet. Den tidigare forskningen behandlar den pågående diskussionen kring om Sverige, och övriga Europa är sekulariserat eller inte. Dessutom har vi definierat olika begrepp relevanta för vår undersökning. Styrdokumenten har även beskrivits för att ge en överblick kring den förändring den har genomgått i önskan om att göra den så vardagsaktuell som möjligt. Slutligen har vi beskrivit olika pedagogiska redskap för vilka har en viktig del i religionsundervisningen.Vår egen undersökning har genomförts med såväl lärare som elever i årskurs 8-9 för att få reda på om sekulariseringen råder i deras skola samt vad både lärare och elever anser om ämnet religionskunskap. Svaren har vi analyserat i relation till tidigare forskning för att slutligen komma fram till ett resultat. Resultatet visar att sekulariseringen råder främst på skolor som inte har någon mångkultur i relation till etnicitet och tro. Men oberoende på om sekulariseringen är stark eller inte tycker eleverna överlag att religionsundervisningen är något positivt som de beskriver som ett spännande och roligt ämne. Slutligen kommer vi fram till att lärarna många gånger saknar redskapen för att vardagsanpassa undervisningen till eleverna. Detta framkommer även av eleverna som överlag svarat att de anser att religionsundervisningen inte relaterar till deras liv.
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Rose, Jonathan. "The relevance of Ulster politics : an application of relevance theory to political language in Northern Ireland". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241022.
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Nae, Niculina. "Markedness, Relevance and Acceptability in Translation". Graduate School of International Development. Nagoya University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6249.
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Ringström, Elena, i Jörgen Ekström. "The value relevance of comprehensive income". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179541.
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In this study, we look at the effects of the adoption of the revised IAS 1 rules, which has been in effect since January 1, 2009. The revised IAS 1 requires that all changes in equity, excluding changes in equity arising from transactions with owners, should be recognized in comprehensive income statement. Revised IAS 1 requires companies to report total comprehensive income that is a sum of net income and other comprehensive income. Total comprehensive income includes all unrealized gains and losses recognized under IFRS. Before the amendment, some of the unrealized gains and losses were shown in a statement of changes in equity but not in the income statement. We hope to answer the question whether inclusion of the components of other comprehensive income provides investors with useful information. We investigate if stock prices have an association with the components of other comprehensive income. We investigate how effective are attempts of IASB to increase the relevance of accounting information about corporate income. We hope that results from the study will be of interest to the standard-setter. In this study, we use data from annual reports and year-end reports for companies listed on the Large and Mid Cap segment at NASDAQ OMX Stockholm and that covers the years 2009 to 2011. We use two regression models to test value relevance of components of other comprehensive income.We have found some evidence that the share price statistically relates to such component of comprehensive income as the change of the fair value of cash flow hedges. This can also be interpreted as that the change of the fair value of cash flow hedges has some value relevance. We also found some evidence that the share price significantly associates with winning cash flow hedging position. We did not find that the share price associates with some other components of other comprehensive income.
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Uzukwu, Elochukwu Eugene Omenka Nicholas Ibeawuchi. "Editorial: CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY AND SOCIAL RELEVANCE". Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2012. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,995.
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Rudzki, Zbigniew. "Relevance of CD44 to cancer biology". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37162.pdf.
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Alemohammed, S. M. Reza. "Taziyeh : history, form and contemporary relevance". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36312/.
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The intention of preparing this thesis is an examination of Taziyeh, the passion play in Iran which appeared initially as part of the observance of Ashura for the sake of the commemoration of Imam Hussein and his family. Taziyeh as a part of the religious observance of Shiite Muslims exists in iran and different Islamic countries. Taziyeh during the course of centuries found a form of religious drama which made it feasible to be performed on other occasions than the Muharram ceremonies. The realisation of the existence of dramatic features and the appearance of several different types of Taziyeh, tragic and comic, created a ground for its existence to arouse the interest of travellers to Iran during the period of the last two centuries and Iranian and non-Iranian dramatists and schotars of the present century. These accounts and views first allow us to find the evidence for the date of the development of Taziyeh and second to assess the contemporary scholarly comments on the dramatic values of the Taziyeh. In this way Taziyeh has been found comparable with Greek, Medieval and Modem Drama. The Historical, Mythical and legendary grounds of the Taziyeh have been taken into consideration in this study in order to gain access to the true roots of the Taziyeh in the old land of Iran while the lack of a place for Taziyeh in Persian literature will become clear. The final part has been devoted to establishing the actual position of Taziyeh after the Islamic revolution in Iran by looking at the function of Taziyeh in Iranian society, theology and religious observance to-day. I have put my stress on an argument for a purifying of the Taziyeh to make it function more effectively in Iranian society.
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Venn, Simon Francis. "Exploration of relevance effects in reasoning". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2139.
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The study examines possible underlying mechanisms that may be responsible for generally observed biased response patterns in two conditional reasoning tasks: the Wason selection task and the conditional inference evaluation task. It is proposed that memory processes that may account for priming phenomenon, may also account for the phenomena of matching bias and double-negation effects in reasoning. A new mental activation model is proposed, based on distributed theories of memory, which models relevance effects of the problem materials by way of a simple algorithm. The model is seen to parsimoniously predict previous general response patterns found using the two reasoning tasks and makes unusual predictions concerning the size of the concepts used in the reasoning problems. The findings show that matching bias can occur between materials that do not lexically match but correlate on a semantic basis, which clarifies a previously uncertain area in the literature. It is also shown that previously deemed 'irrelevant' or mismatching cards on the selection task can interfere with the perceived relevance of matching cards if they are semantically related. The findings also show a weak but significant effect of concept size on matching bias in the inference task, supporting the proposed mental activation model. Issues concerning the notion of relevance perceptions being measured by particular response choices are raised with respect to both the selection and inference tasks.
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Bodalia, V. "Some mixing flows of industrial relevance". Thesis, University of South Wales, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375101.
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Wang, Hui. "Towards a unified framework of relevance". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339297.
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Poznanski, Victor. "A relevance-based utterance processing system". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315927.
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Gunn, Melanie Catherine. "Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori genotypes". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29349.
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Bäckström, Adam, i Roland Khadampour. "Internationalization : The theoretical relevance in internationalization". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15024.
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During the past few decades something interesting has occurred. The internationalization of firms has changed business between and in different countries. New technology and improved communication tools create opportunities for firms´ internationalization, which has led to increased internationalization today.The purpose of this dissertation is to explore different theoretical models applicability to firms’ internationalization today. The data collection consists both of primary –and secondary data. The primary data was collected through interviewing decision makers in leading positions in firms with insights of internationalization. Moreover, different perspectives of internationalization was elaborated in this research because interviews were established in firms from different industries. The secondary data collection consisted of information from the firms´ websites and the firms' annual reports to analyze the degree of internationalization. The combination of data collection provided better insights of the different firms´ internationalization. To be able to secure that this research is realistic, exploration of three different theoretical models that describe internationalization was implemented.The results show that some theoretical models are applicable to some firms and industries. Internationalization depends on two factors: What type of products the firm have, and what type of business the firm is in. Therefore, it internationalize accordingly. Thus, the theoretical models are created to focus on different internationalizations such as fast expansion and Step by Step expansion. Moreover, there are also different internationalization approaches in different industries. Firms have a unique business concept and, therefore, their internationalization processes are different from one another in some ways. This shows that one theoretical model cannot explain all the different types of internationalization. However, all three theoretical frameworks are applicable to today´s internationalization in different ways.
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Lang, Lisa. "SOD1 Aggregation : Relevance of thermodynamic stability". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139943.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the upper and lower motor neurons causing muscle atrophy and paralysis followed by death. Aggregates containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are found as pathological hallmark in diseased ALS patients. Consequently ALS is regarded as a protein misfolding disorder like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. So far, little is known about the cause and mechanism behind SOD1 aggregation but the inherent property of all polypeptide chains to form stable aggregated structures indicates that the protein misfolding diseases share a common mechanism. Our results show that SOD1 aggregation starts from the globally unfolded state, since fibrillation is fastest at full occupancy of denatured protein induced either by chemical denaturation or mutation. Even so, the fibrillation rate shows a surprisingly weak dependence on the concentration of globally unfolded SOD1 indicating fibril fragmentation as the dominant mechanism for aggregate formation. This is further supported by the observation that the SOD1 sample has to be mechanically agitated for fibrillation to occur. Interestingly, we observe a similar SOD1 aggregation behaviour in vivo, where the survival times of ALS transgenic mice correlates with mutant stability, and aggregate growth depends weekly on the concentration of unfolded monomer. Additionally, in-cell NMR measurements reveal that in live cells the thermodynamic equilibrium is shifted towards the unfolded state of SOD1, which is also more fully extended than in vitro. This suggests that the globally unfolded aggregation competent protein is more abundant in the crowded environment in vivo than dilute in vitro conditions. Finally, antibody analysis of aggregates from ALS transgenic mice reveals the existence of aggregate strains involving different parts of the protein depending on mutation, which may offer an explanation for the various disease phenotypes observed in ALS. Altogether these findings provide important clues for understanding SOD1 aggregation with implications for ALS, as well as other protein misfolding diseases.
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Brandon, Dorothy Priscilla. "Home economics relevance to Botswana's development /". The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148786179681798.
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