Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Relationship rules”
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Dunn, Craig P., i F. Neil Brady. "From Rules to Relationship". Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 6 (1995): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc199569.
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Omar, Mussa, Abdulrhman Alsheky i Balha Faiz. "Novel rules for extracting the entities of entity relationship models". Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 20, nr 2 (19.08.2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1329.
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Extracting entities from natural language text to design conceptual models of the entity relationships is not trivial and novice designers and students can find it especially difficult. Researchers have suggested linguistic rules/guidelines for extracting entities from natural language text. Unfortunately, while these guidelines are often correct they can, also, be invalid. There is no rule that is true at all times. This paper suggests novel rules based on the machine learning classifiers, the RIPPER, the PART and the decision trees. Performance comparison was made between the linguistic and the machine learning rules. The results shows that there was a dramatic improvement when machine learning rules were used.
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Argyle, Michael, Monika Henderson, Michael Bond, Yuichi Iizuka i Alberta Contarello. "Cross-Cultural Variations in Relationship Rules". International Journal of Psychology 21, nr 1-4 (styczeń 1986): 287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207598608247591.
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CARRUBBA, CLIFFORD J., i TOM S. CLARK. "Rule Creation in a Political Hierarchy". American Political Science Review 106, nr 3 (30.07.2012): 622–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305541200024x.
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Principal-agent relations are replete in politics; politicians are agents of electorates, bureaucrats are agents of executives, lower courts are agents of upper courts, and much more. Commonly, principals are modeled as the rule-making body and agents as the rule-implementing body. However, principals often delegate the authority to make the rules themselves to their agents. The relationship between the lower federal courts and the Supreme Court is one such example; a considerable portion of the law (rules) is made in the lower federal courts with the Supreme Court serving primarily as the overseer of those lower courts’ decisions. In this article, we develop and test a principal-agent model of law (rule) creation in a judicial hierarchy. The model yields new insights about the relationship among various features of the judicial hierarchy that run against many existing perceptions. For example, we find a non-monotonic relationship between the divergence in upper and lower court preferences over rules and the likelihood of review and reversal by the Supreme Court. The empirical evidence supports these derived relationships. Wider implications for the principal-agent literature are also discussed.
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Le, Bac Hoai, i Bay Dinh Vo. "MINING ESSENTIAL RULES USING FREQUENT CLOSED ITEMSETS LATTICE". Science and Technology Development Journal 12, nr 11 (15.06.2009): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i11.2311.
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In traditional mining of association rules, finding all association rules from databases that satisfy minSup and minConf faces with some problems in case of the number of frequent itemsets is large. Thus, it is necessary to have a suitable method for mining fewer rules but they still embrace all rules of traditional mining method. One of the approaches that is the mining method of essential rules: it only keeps the rule that its left hand side is minimal and its right side is maximal (follow in parent-child relationship). In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for mining the essential rules from the frequent closed itemsets lattice to reduce the time of mining rules. We use the parent-child relationship in lattice to reduce the cost of considering parent-child relationship and lead to reduce the time of mining rules.
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Zhang, Xian-kun, Xin-ya Gao, Qian Zhang i Jia Jia. "Research on the Rough Extension of Ontology Description Language of SWRL". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5636254.
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Although ontology has strong ability to express knowledge, it is difficult to express uncertain or imprecise information using the language of ontology. In order to improve the ability to express uncertain information, this paper extends the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) and gives the extension of reasoning rules. According to the rough ontology and the rules of SWRL, it updates the knowledge base. Firstly, the concept of rough ontology and the extension of rough relationship of ontology are put forward; secondly, it gives the extension method for concepts, relationships, axioms, examples, and rules of SWRL. Finally, a psychological counseling case shows that the method can well express the uncertainty of knowledge, and it is able to well express the reasoning rules.
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Christiansen, John K., i Claus J. Varnes. "Drivers of changes in product development rules". European Journal of Innovation Management 18, nr 2 (11.05.2015): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-08-2013-0086.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the drivers that induce companies to change their rules for managing product development. Most companies use a form of rule-based management approach, but surprisingly little is known about what makes companies change these rules. Furthermore, this management technology also has developed over time into different versions, but what drives firms from one version to another has only been suggested, not empirically studied. Design/methodology/approach – The dynamics of the rules of five companies are analyzed over a period of more than ten years based on three rounds of interviews with 40 managers. Findings – Previous research has assumed that the dynamics of product development rules are based on internal learning processes, and that increasingly competent management will stimulate the implementation of newer and more complex rule regimes. However, the analysis here indicates that there are different drivers, both internal and external, that cause companies to adopt new rules or modify their existing ones, such as changes in organizational structures, organizational conflicts and changes in ownership or strategy. In addition, contrary to the predictions in previous research, companies sometimes move back and forth between different generations of rules. Companies that have moved to a more flexible third generation of rules might revert to their second generation rules, or supplement their flexibility with an increased level of management control and information systems. A model is proposed to explain the relationship between the drivers of rule change and the actual dynamics of rules, incorporating two sets of moderators: organizational moderators and rule-related moderators. Research limitations/implications – The findings indicate that many factors influence the modification of rules, and that there is no simple linear progression from one generation to another. Organizational learning is one among several other factors that influences the dynamics of rules for managing product development. Further research is needed to explore the dynamic relationship between different factors, the proposed moderators and changes to rules. Lack of historical record keeping in companies puts special requirements on research concerning rules. Practical implications – Companies need to consider how and why their present versions of rules have emerged, whether or not the existing rules can actually solve the challenges they face today, whether or not the rules support the intended company strategy, and what mechanisms influence their product development rules. Originality/value – A great deal of research has investigated the relationship between the uses of structured rule-based approaches to manage product development, but little is known about what makes these rules change. This is the first study to uncover the multitude of drivers that stimulate change in product development rules and to suggest sets of moderators that influence the outcome.
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WANG, PEI-ZHUANG, i ALEX JIANG. "RULES DETECTING AND RULES-DATA MUTUAL ENHANCEMENT BASED ON FACTORS SPACE THEORY". International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 01, nr 01 (marzec 2002): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622002000087.
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This paper presents a new method of rules detecting about exploring hidden rules from a given knowledge base. The expended rule set forms a lattice that can be generated by the core. Not only does this method produce detecting rules, but also enhance data integrity and completeness. In addition, this paper introduces the concept of rules-data mutual enhancement, which can detect the ultimate relationship between data and rules with the utilization of two types of information resources: databases and knowledge bases. As a result, this paper makes initial endeavors to combine those two quite separated fields to promote the development of information technology.
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Teng, Hui, Yukun Ma i Di Teng. "Algorithm and Simulation of Association Rules of Drug Relationship Based on Network Model". Complexity 2020 (10.11.2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839563.
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Studying drug relationships can provide deeper information for the construction and maintenance of biomedical databases and provide more important references for disease treatment and drug development. The research model has expanded from the previous focus on a certain drug to the systematic analysis of the pharmaceutical network formed between drugs. Network model is suitable for the study of the nonlinear relationship of the pharmaceutical relationship by modeling the data learning. Association rule mining is used to find the potential correlations between the various sets of massive data. Therefore, based on the network model, this research proposed an algorithm for drug interaction under improved association rules, which achieved accurate analysis and decision-making of drug relationship. Meanwhile, this research applied the established association rule algorithm to discuss the relationship between Chinese medicine and mental illness medicine and conducted the algorithm research and simulation analysis of the association relationship. The results showed the association rule algorithm based on the network model constructed was better than other association algorithms. It had reliability and superiority in decision-making in improving the drug-drug relationship. It also promoted the rational use of medicines and played a guiding role in pharmaceutical research. This provides scientific research personnel with research basis and research ideas for disease-related diagnosis.
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Shen, Jin, Bin Wu i Li Yu. "Personalized configuration rules extraction in product service systems by using Local Cluster Neural Network". Industrial Management & Data Systems 115, nr 8 (14.09.2015): 1529–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2015-0092.
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Purpose – Configuration systems are used as a means for efficient design of customer tailored product service systems (PSS). In PSS configuration, mapping customer needs with optimal configuration of PSS components have become much more challenging, because more knowledge with personalization aspects has to be considered. However, the extant techniques are hard to be applied to acquire personalized configuration rules. The purpose of this paper is to extract the configuration rule knowledge in symbolism formulation from historical data. Design/methodology/approach – Customer characteristics (CCs) are defined and introduced into the construction of configuration rules. Personalized PSS configuration rules (PCRs) are thereby proposed to collect and represent more knowledge. An approach combining Local Cluster Neural Network and Rulex algorithm is proposed to extract rule knowledge from historical data. Findings – The personalized configuration rules with CCs are able to alleviate the burden of customers in expressing functional requirements. Furthermore, in the long-term relationship with a customer in PSS realization, PSS offerings can be reconfigured according to the changing CCs with the guide of PCRs. Originality/value – The contribution of this paper lies in introducing the attribute of CCs into the antecedents of PCRs and proposing the neural networks-based approach to extracting the rule knowledge from historical data.
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Wang, Di. "The Linkage Mechanism between Environment-Related Rules and Environment-Related Efficiency of Industries in China: An Analysis Based on the Adaptive Semi-Parametric Panel Model". Sustainability 13, nr 11 (31.05.2021): 6203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116203.
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This study employed the adaptive semi-parameter model to determine the effects of environment-related rules (environment-related rules refer to laws and regulations in relation to environmental protection) on environment-related efficiency (environment-related efficiency refers to the environmental efficiency of a wide range of industries). In addition, the threshold regression model was employed to determine the industry threshold effect of environment-related rules on environment-related efficiency. The following conclusions were primarily drawn: (1) A U-shaped curve relationship was identified between the effect of environment-related rules and the environment-related efficiency of the broader national industry; (2) A threshold effect is exerted on environment-related efficiency, and under the effect exerted by environment-related rule below the lower limit of the optimal interval, environment-related rule policies cannot play a corresponding role, while the effect of environment-related rules is high. When the upper limit of the optimal interval is set, environment-related rules will exert extensively strong effects, which leads to the unsustainable development of the industry and distorts the industry’s development. The government is required to roll out different environment-related rule policies in accordance with the industry differences and the development stages of respective industries, fully exploit such environment-related rule policies for industries and technologies, optimize the environment-related rules system, and harmoniously advance industries, the economy, and the environment. Given the empirical results, it is critical to enhance the effect exerted by environment-related rules in the mining and manufacturing industries, elevate their technical level, and develop a positive relationship between the effect exerted by environment-related rules and environment-related efficiency enhancements. While China’s current environment-related rule policy imposes no discrimination between pollution-intensive industries and cleaner production industries, these industries should be treated differently in the days ahead.
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McAllister, Andrew. "Complete rules for n-ary relationship cardinality constraints". Data & Knowledge Engineering 27, nr 3 (październik 1998): 255–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-023x(98)00007-x.
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Xiong, Zhong Min, Meng Lu Zhao, Dong Mei Huang i Shi Jun He. "Refined Reachable Relationship Analysis for an Irreducible Active Rule Set". Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (grudzień 2012): 1433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1433.
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The existing method is deficient when characterizing the features of rules in a nonterminating rule set through the notion of reachability. To address this problem, this paper proposes a refined reachable relationship analysis based on two notions of triggering reachable and activation reachable. A counterexample and the detailed proof in this paper show that our method is effective.
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Wickett, Karen. "A logic-based framework for collection/item metadata relationships". Journal of Documentation 74, nr 6 (8.10.2018): 1175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-01-2018-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a framework for the articulation of relationships between collection-level and item-level metadata as logical inference rules. The framework is intended to allow the systematic generation of relevant propagation rules and to enable the assessment of those rules for particular contexts and the translation of rules into algorithmic processes. Design/methodology/approach The framework was developed using first order predicate logic. Relationships between collection-level and item-level description are expressed as propagation rules – inference rules where the properties of one entity entail conclusions about another entity in virtue of a particular relationship those individuals bear to each other. Propagation rules for reasoning between the collection and item level are grouped together in the framework according to their logical form as determined by the nature of the propagation action and the attributes involved in the rule. Findings The primary findings are the analysis of relationships between collection-level and item-level metadata, and the framework of categories of propagation rules. In order to fully develop the framework, the paper includes an analysis of colloquial metadata records and the collection membership relation that provides a general method for the translation of metadata records into formal knowledge representation languages. Originality/value The method for formalizing metadata records described in the paper represents significant progress in the application of knowledge representation techniques to problems of metadata creation and management, providing a flexible technique for encoding colloquial metadata as a set of statements in first-order logic. The framework of rules for collection/item metadata relationships has a range of potential applications for the enhancement or metadata systems and vocabularies.
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Wawer, Mathias J., David E. Jaramillo, Vlado Dančík, Daniel M. Fass, Stephen J. Haggarty, Alykhan F. Shamji, Bridget K. Wagner, Stuart L. Schreiber i Paul A. Clemons. "Automated Structure–Activity Relationship Mining". Journal of Biomolecular Screening 19, nr 5 (7.04.2014): 738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057114530783.
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Understanding the structure–activity relationships (SARs) of small molecules is important for developing probes and novel therapeutic agents in chemical biology and drug discovery. Increasingly, multiplexed small-molecule profiling assays allow simultaneous measurement of many biological response parameters for the same compound (e.g., expression levels for many genes or binding constants against many proteins). Although such methods promise to capture SARs with high granularity, few computational methods are available to support SAR analyses of high-dimensional compound activity profiles. Many of these methods are not generally applicable or reduce the activity space to scalar summary statistics before establishing SARs. In this article, we present a versatile computational method that automatically extracts interpretable SAR rules from high-dimensional profiling data. The rules connect chemical structural features of compounds to patterns in their biological activity profiles. We applied our method to data from novel cell-based gene-expression and imaging assays collected on more than 30,000 small molecules. Based on the rules identified for this data set, we prioritized groups of compounds for further study, including a novel set of putative histone deacetylase inhibitors.
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Phong, Pham Đinh. "A TIME SERIES FORECASTING MODEL BASED ON LINGUISTIC FORECASTING RULES". Journal of Computer Science and Cybernetics 37, nr 1 (29.03.2021): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1813-9663/37/1/15852.
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The fuzzy time series (FTS) forecasting models have been being studied intensively over the past few years. Most of the researches focus on improving the effectiveness of the FTS forecasting models using time-invariant fuzzy logical relationship groups proposed by Chen et al. In contrast to Chen’s model, a fuzzy set can be repeated in the right-hand side of the fuzzy logical relationship groups of Yu’s model. N. C. Dieu enhanced Yu’s forecasting model by using the time-variant fuzzy logical relationship groups instead of the time-invariant ones. The forecasting models mentioned above partition the historical data into subintervals and assign the fuzzy sets to them by the human expert’s experience. N. D. Hieu et al. proposed a linguistic time series by utilizing the hedge algebras quantification to converse the numerical time series data to the linguistic time series. Similar to the FTS forecasting model, the obtained linguistic time series can define the linguistic, logical relationships which are used to establish the linguistic, logical relationship groups and form a linguistic forecasting model. In this paper, we propose a linguistic time series forecasting model based on the linguistic forecasting rules induced from the linguistic, logical relationships instead of the linguistic, logical relationship groups proposed by N. D. Hieu. The experimental studies using the historical data of the enrollments of University of Alabama observed from 1971 to 1992 and the daily average temperature data observed from June 1996 to September 1996 in Taipei show the outperformance of the proposed forecasting models over the counterpart ones.
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Bäccman, Charlotte, Per Folkesson i Torsten Norlander. "EXPECTATIONS OF ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN HOMOSEXUAL AND HETEROSEXUAL MEN WITH REGARD TO BAXTER'S CRITERIA". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 27, nr 4 (1.01.1999): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1999.27.4.363.
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According to Baxter (1986) every relationship has rules which must be followed. If at least one of these rules is broken, it gives the individual the right to breakup the relationship. Baxter identified eight such rules or criteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not the expectations of romantic relationships held by homosexual men can be linked to Baxter's criteria. Data were obtained through a questionnaire addressed to 31 homosexual men and 50 heterosexual men. Results indicated that Baxter's criteria can be linked to expectations of romantic relationships held by men regardless of sexual orientation, and that age and experience are more reliable predictors than is sexual orientation.
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Bagui, Sikha. "Rules for Migrating from Entity Relationship (ER) Diagrams to Object Relationship (OR) Diagrams". Computing Letters 2, nr 4 (6.03.2006): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157404006779194123.
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In this paper, we provide detailed mapping rules (a methodology) to convert an ER schema into an object relationship (OR) schema. The mapping rules are presented in a manner that will keep as much of the semantics of the database intact, in order to smoothen the important step of data migration from an ER schema to an OR schema. This OR schema should also serve as a conceptual design tool for object-oriented data models, very much like the ER diagrams are a conceptual design tool for relational databases. Since we are mainly discussing the conversion from an ER model to an OR model, we are limiting the discussion in this paper to the structural aspects of the OR model.
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Ramadhan, Dayan Ramly, i Nur Rokhman. "Segmentation-Based Sequential Rules For Product Promotion Recommendations As Sales Strategy (Case Study: Dayra Store)". IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 14, nr 3 (31.07.2020): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.58107.
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One of the problems in the promotion is the high cost. Identifying the customer segments that have made transactions, sellers can promote better products to potential consumers. The segmentation of potential consumers can be integrated with the products that consumers tend to buy. The relationship can be found using pattern analysis using the Association Rule Mining (ARM) method. ARM will generate rule patterns from the old transaction data, and the rules can be used for recommendations. This study uses a segmented-based sequential rule method that generates sequential rules from each customer segment to become product promotion for potential consumers. The method was tested by comparing product promotions based on rules and product promotions without based on rules. Based on the test results, the average percentage of transaction from product promotion based on rules is 2,622%, higher than the promotion with the latest products with an average rate of transactions only 0,315%. The hypothesis in each segment obtained from the sample can support the statement that product promotion in all segments based on rules can be more effective in increasing sales compared to promotions that use the latest products without using rules recommendations.
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Cheng, Li Chen, Chia-Chi Wu i Chih-Yi Chen. "Behavior Analysis of Customer Churn for a Customer Relationship System". Journal of Global Information Management 27, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2019010106.
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This article describes how the bank industry in Taiwan must function in today's tough and fiercely competitive domestic credit card market and subdued global market. Banks are increasingly emphasizing the importance of retaining customers in order to sustain market share and remain profitable. This study proposes a new model which local banks can use to detect potential customer churn and provide an early warning indicator of problems that could lead to loss of customers. The model incorporates a customer relationship management database with a built-in time factor and applied temporal abstraction to represent data for a specific time period as defined by experts. Association rule mining is applied to analyze and detect abnormal customer behavior. The results of this article indicate that the system is relatively effective in detecting customer churn early on and thus helpful at assisting banks to address issues before they escalate. Furthermore, the tested rules are further scrutinized by experts to establish the relationship between the defined rules and management. This study provides an expert system for banks to assess the quality of their marketing campaigns and reestablish faltering customer relationships.
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Agustin, Diana, Aulia Adita Rahma, Frengky Sele, Raihan Fitrika Azzahra, Rhevita Lula Eksanti, Zahrotul Firdaus i Rani Nooraeni. "Analysis of Multidimensional Poverty Indicators in Indonesia with Association Rules". Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 18, nr 2 (21.12.2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v18i2.14244.
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This study was conducted to find patterns of relationships between 14 multidimensional poverty indicators in Indonesia from 2015-2019. To provide a more specific description of the relationship pattern, association rules with the apriori algorithm is used as the analysis method. The preprocessing stage to transform data was carried out using fuzzy functions and data reduction with Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to support the association analysis process. The results obtained are 15 relationship patterns or rules between items from the multidimensional poverty indicator with a support value of 60%-80% and 100% confidence. This means that the relationship pattern is significantly formed from objects with a strong relationship between the items and can represent poverty records in the last five years. The relationship pattern consists of four combinations of things. Suppose there is a high category decrease in the percentage of poor people indicator, a low category decrease in the open unemployment indicator, a high category increase in the percentage of households indicator according to the source of lighting from electricity, and a low category increase in the percentage indicator of households according to the broadest wall, not bamboo / other. In that case, there is a reduction in multidimensional poverty in Indonesia.
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Wolfson, Ouri, Hasanat M. Dewan, Salvatore J. Stolfo i Yechiam Yemini. "Incremental evaluation of rules and its relationship to parallelism". ACM SIGMOD Record 20, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/119995.115799.
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Jowett, Sophia, i Paul Carpenter. "The concept of rules in the coach-athlete relationship". Sports Coaching Review 4, nr 1 (2.01.2015): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2015.1106145.
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Kaula, Rajeev. "Entity relationship modelling of business rules: an Oracle prototype". International Journal of Data Mining, Modelling and Management 2, nr 2 (2010): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdmmm.2010.032146.
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Hendrisman, Hendrisman. "Relationship Rules with Word Vocabulary Writing Skills for Students". Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 3, nr 1 (24.12.2019): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v3i1.946.
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This study aims to describe the relationship between vocabulary mastery and short story writing skills of Class IX students of SMPN 1, Guguak District, Lima Puluh Kota. This type of quantitative research using the method of population correlation in this study is a class IX. The research sample was taken using a cluster random sampling technique of 22 people. With the results of the study showed that the vocabulary mastery of Grade IX students was in the category of good qualifications with an average value of 80.45 on a range of 86-95% on a scale of 10. Second, short story writing skills are in more than adequate qualifications with an average value of 73 on a range of 66-75% on a scale of 10. Third, there is a significant relationship between the two variables because t arithmetic is greater than t table 2.3091 greater than 2,086. From the results of these correlations it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between vocabulary mastery of short story writing skills
Keywords: mastery, vocabulary, writing skills, short stories
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Tan, Rui Zhen, Corey Markus i Tze Ping Loh. "Relationship between biological variation and delta check rules performance". Clinical Biochemistry 80 (czerwiec 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.03.017.
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Persson, Andreas, i Lynette Ryals. "Making customer relationship decisions: Analytics v rules of thumb". Journal of Business Research 67, nr 8 (sierpień 2014): 1725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.02.019.
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Tolulope, Fatudimu Ibukun, Charles Uwadia i C. K. Ayo. "A Knowledge Mining Approach for Effective Customer Relationship Management". International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 3, nr 2 (kwiecień 2013): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2013040105.
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The problem of existing customer relationship management (CRM) system is not lack of information but the ability to differentiate useful information from chatter or even disinformation and also maximize the richness of these heterogeneous information sources. This paper describes an improved text mining approach for automatically extracting association rules from collections of textual documents. It discovers association rules from keyword features extracted from the documents. The main contributions of the technique are that, in selecting the most discriminative keywords for use in association rules generation, the system combines syntactic and semantic relevance into its Information Retrieval Scheme which is integrated with XML technology. Experiments carried out revealed that the extracted association rules contain important features which form a worthy platform for making effective decisions as regards customer relationship management. The performance of the improved text mining approach is compared with existing system that uses the GARW algorithm to reveal a significant reduction in the large itemsets, leading to reduction in rules generated to more interesting ones due to the semantic analysis component being introduced. Also, it has brought about reduction of the execution time, compared to the GARW algorithm.
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Lupi, Marino, Alessandro Farina, Antonio Pratelli i Alessandra Gazzarri. "Application of classification rules to Italian ports". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 26, nr 4 (20.08.2014): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v26i4.1434.
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In this paper, the existing rules commonly used for port traffic comparison are described. These rules provide weighting factors for each freight category in order to make them comparable and exploitable for port ranking. These rules are based on the value added concept related to port activities. Two new rules are proposed. The first is again based on the value added concept. The second rule is based on the assumption that ports not only create labour directly, through activities related to port operations, but they also play the role of “gates” for the existing economic activities of a region or a country, as a consistent quota of the overall international trade takes place by sea. This rule is based on the relationship among the trend of traffic volume of each freight category and the trend of the national GDP. The rules existing in the literature and the proposed new rules have been applied in ranking Italian ports; the results are discussed. The sensitivity of the ranking of Italian ports, to the different weighting rules, has been analysed.
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Tan, Jun, i Ying Yong Bu. "Association Rules Mining in Manufacturing". Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (październik 2010): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.651.
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In recent years, manufacturing processes have become more and more complex, manufacturing activities generate large quantities of data, so it is no longer practical to rely on traditional manual methods to analyze this data. Data mining offers tools for extracting knowledge from data, leading to significant improvement in the decision-making process. Association rules mining is one of the most important data mining techniques and has received considerable attention from researchers and practitioners. The paper presents the basic concept of association rule mining and reviews applications of association rules in manufacturing, including product design, manufacturing, process, customer relationship management, supply chain management, and product quality improvement. This paper is focused on demonstrating the relevancy of association rules mining to manufacturing industry, rather than discussing the association rules mining domain in general.
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مراد, أ. د. علي عباس. "Rules and steps The design of university research projects". مجلة العلوم السياسية, nr 50 (19.03.2019): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30907/jj.v0i50.114.
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Research is a study conducted by a researcher or a group of researchers to uncover ambiguity, complete a knowledge, or define a relationship, Solve a problem, or answer a question by carefully investigating the comprehensive and in-depth examination of the evidence and evidence related to this knowledge, revealing a relationship, or solving a problem, or answering a question, to be a systematic, In evidence and evidence that reveal facts and general rules, relationships or solutions, in addition to providing knowledge Human rights are verifiable, tested and confirmed. The university research (graduate research, master's thesis, doctoral dissertation) is the most important type of research, and it is supposed to be the best one, since it must have characteristics (neutrality, objectivity, methodology, honesty and scientific)
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Adeleke, A. Q., A. Y. Bahaudin i A. M. Kamaruddeen. "Organizational Internal Factors and Construction Risk Management among Nigerian Construction Companies". Global Business Review 19, nr 4 (3.01.2017): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150916677460.
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Significant number of empirical research works have reported contravening results regarding the effects of organizational internal factors on construction risk management. This prompted the introduction of a moderator variable. This research tested the moderating role of rules and regulations on the relationships between organizational internal factors and construction risk management. Drawing on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research studied the effects of organizational internal factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in Abuja and Lagos State construction companies in Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather the data. Using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) for analysis, a significant positive relationship between organizational internal factors and construction risk management was acknowledged. This study also discovered a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As expected, rules and regulations was discovered to moderate the relationship between organizational internal factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. A significant interaction effect was also discovered between rules and regulations and organizational internal factors. The significance of this study on Nigerian construction industry was also highlighted.
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Jain, Deepti, i Divakar Singh. "A Review on associative classification for Diabetic Datasets A Simulation Approach". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 7, nr 1 (21.05.2013): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v7i1.3483.
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Association rules are used to discover all the interesting relationship in a potentially large database. Association rule mining is used to discover a small set of rules over the database to form more accurate evaluation. They capture all possible rules that explain the presence of some attributes in relation to the presence of other attributes. This review paper aims to study and observe a flexible way, of, mining frequent patterns by extending the idea of the Associative Classification method. For better performance, the Neural Network Association Classification system is also analyzed here to be one of the approaches for building accurate and efficient classifiers. In this review paper, the Neural Network Association Classification system is studied and compared in order to find best possible accurate results. Association rule mining and classification rule mining can be integrated to form a framework called as Associative Classification and these rules are referred as Class Association Rules. This review research paper also analyzes how data mining techniques are used for predicting different types of diseases. This paper reviewed the research papers which mainly concentrated on predicting Diabetes.
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Rean, A. A., I. L. Shagalov i I. A. Konovalov. "Relationship Between Retrospective Estimations of School Climate and Readiness for Aggression in Young People". Психологическая наука и образование 25, nr 6 (2020): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2020250611.
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The article focuses on the relationship between aggression and retrospective estimations of school climate in young people. It reviews the main publications on the topic of aggression/school climate relationship (especially in the aspect concerning school rules).We analyse the correlation between school climate components and aggressiveness in young people basing on a survey of Russian university students. In particular, we assesses the mediating effect of fair and clear school rules on the relations between students, interaction between students and teachers, teacher relations and the impact of these relations on aggressiveness. The analysis shows that school rules are significantly related to school relationships and aggressiveness of young people. Also, it was revealed that respectful contacts between teachers and students and between students themselves play an important role. At the same time, positive/troubled relationships in school are significantly correlated with aggressiveness in the future. The outcomes of the study are addressed in the context of a discussion about the criteria of effectiveness of educational work in schools.
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Dyson, Matthew. "THE TIMING OF TORTIOUS AND CRIMINAL ACTIONS FOR THE SAME WRONG". Cambridge Law Journal 71, nr 1 (marzec 2012): 86–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197312000219.
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AbstractThis paper traces a key example of the overlap between tort and crime and explains the impact of how disjointed English legal thinking has been. For about 400 years English civil courts have accepted some form of pre-eminence of the criminal law where civil and serious criminal liability co-exist. This has often been described as the rule that “a trespass merges in a felony” though a more neutral term would be a “timing rule”. The development of the timing rules casts light on how English legal reasoning has approached the relationship between the victim and the state, the procedural context of substantive rules and the impact rules in one area of law can have elsewhere.
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Yang, Chaoyu, Jie Yang i Zhenyu Yang. "Risk Factors Discovery for Cancer Survivability Analysis Using Graph-Rule Mining". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (31.07.2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2384130.
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Mining and understanding patients’ disease-development pattern is a major healthcare need. A huge number of research studies have focused on medical resource allocation, survivability prediction, risk management of diagnosis, etc. In this article, we are specifically interested in discovering risk factors for patients with high probability of developing cancers. We propose a systematic and data-driven algorithm and build around the idea of association rule mining. More precisely, the rule-mining method is firstly applied on the target dataset to unpack the underlying relationship of cancer-risk factors, via generating a set of candidate rules. Later, this set is represented as a rule graph, where informative rules are identified and selected with the aim of enhancing the result interpretability. Compared to hundreds of rules generated from the standard rule-mining approach, the proposed algorithm benefits from a concise rule subset, without losing the information from the original rule set. The proposed algorithm is then evaluated using one of the largest cancer data resources. We found that our method outperforms existing approaches in terms of identifying informative rules and requires affordable computational time. Additionally, relevant information from the selected rules can also be used to inform health providers and authorities for cancer-risk management.
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Crane, Jeffrey, James M. Harper, Roy A. Bean i Erin Holmes. "Family Implicit Rules, Shame, and Adolescent Prosocial and Antisocial Communication Behaviors". Family Journal 28, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480719896563.
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This study examined the relationship between implicit family process rules and adolescent prosocial and antisocial communication behaviors. Data came from two-parent families in Wave 5 of the Flourishing Families Project which consisted of 322 families (fathers, mothers, and children ages 13–17). Both observational and questionnaire data were used in data collection. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed using observational codes from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales. Each of the family members’ perceptions was used to assess constraining family rules and facilitative family rules. Findings showed a direct positive relationship between facilitative family process rules and prosocial communication and a negative relationship with antisocial communication for both girls and boys. Constraining family process rules were also positively related to antisocial communication behaviors in adolescents. Shame was a significant mediator of the relationship between facilitative family rules and prosocial behavior as well as between constraining family rules and antisocial behavior.
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Sankiewicz, Marta. "The iconography of co-rule at Deir el-Bahari: Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis III in the Statue Room of the Main Sanctuary of Amun". Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean XXIV, nr 2 (31.01.2016): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0181.
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Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis III were represented as seemingly equal kings on the side walls of the Second Room of the Main Sanctuary of Amun in the Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. Iconographic analysis reveals the relationship between the two rulers, demonstrating the different and discreet ways in which Hatshepsut emphasized her dominant position and Tuthmosis’s secondary one during their co-rule. The quality of the representations is just as crucial as their number for understanding their relationship. Hatshepsut used among others the symbolism of the cardinal points, orientation of figures and the hierarchy of attributes to emphasize the difference in their positions. The four scenes in question are the most representative examples of these fixed rules in the Deir el-Bahari temple.
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Barrett, H. Clark. "Descent Versus Design in Shuar Children's Reasoning about Animals". Journal of Cognition and Culture 4, nr 1 (2004): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853704323074741.
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AbstractThe ability to make inductive inferences is important because without it, generalization of knowledge to new circumstances would be impossible. One context in which such inductive skills are likely to have been important over evolutionary time is encounters with animals. Previous research suggests that children take into account at least two kinds of relationships between animals when making inductive inferences about them: descent relationships (i.e., taxonomic relationships), and design relationships (i.e., ecological relationships). Because descent and design relationships are sometimes orthogonal, making correct inferences about particular traits sometimes requires overlooking one kind of relationship in favor of the other. In this study, I used a base-to-target induction task to examine the use of two inference rules in 5 to 12 year old Shuar children from the Amazon region of Ecuador. The descent rule uses taxonomic relationships when the function of the trait being judged is ambiguous or unknown, and the design rule privileges ecological relationships (in this case, predator) over taxonomic relationships when the function of the trait is relevant to the ecological category in question. The results show that Shuar children do employ both of these rules, and are able to switch between them for different kinds of traits, as the descent/design mode hypothesis predicts. Children in both the younger age group (5 to 8) and the older age group (9 to 12) were able to use these rules, but the older children showed a slightly different pattern due to the use of specific acquired knowledge about some of the taxa.
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Sharma, Meenakshi, i Himanshu Aggarwal. "Applying Belief Rule-Based Inference Methodology Using Evidential Reasoning Approach to Clinical Reporting System". International Journal of Computers in Clinical Practice 4, nr 2 (lipiec 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijccp.2019070102.
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In the healthcare field, a critical issue is how to reason and represent uncertainties that present in clinical knowledge domain, signs, and symptoms to make the correct decisions. Although several researchers have developed various models of clinical modeling, many of them are incapable of handling uncertainties correctly. The paper provides the working details of rule-based inference methodology using evidence reasoning (RIMER) methodology applied to model the inference process and clinical guidelines. In RIMER, belief-degree are embedded in all possible consequences of the rule. It can handle uncertainties and provide a causal relationship between the rules. Traditional IF-THEN rules do not provide a causal relationship between antecedent and consequent attributes of the rule only provide that the rule is either 100% true or 100% false. Also, a case study is used to demonstrate that the results generated by the system using RIMER are more reliable in terms of accuracy and performance compared to results generated manually for a diabetes diagnosis.
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Kappes, Sylvio Antonio, i Marcelo Milan. "Fiscal policy rules in a stock-flow consistent model". Brazilian Keynesian Review 3, nr 2 (31.01.2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33834/bkr.v3i2.123.
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<p class="normal"><span lang="EN-US">The present paper analyzes four fiscal policy rules in a Stock-Flow Consistent model. The rules are: (i) government expenditures as a fixed proportion of GDP; (ii) government deficit as a fixed proportion of GDP; (iii) government debt as a fixed proportion of GDP; and (iv) a balanced budget. Then the economic trends implied by each rule are analyzed, and they are all compared. Some of the main findings can be summarized as follows: the more expansionist (or less contractionist) rules present higher growth rates, as expected; there is an inverse relationship between government debt and private debt, with the former being higher under the first rule, and lower in the balanced budget rule, the opposite happening in the case of private debt. Finally, considering enterprises’ profitability, we conclude that the best fiscal rule for firms is the first one, and, for the banking sector, also not surprisingly, it is the balanced budget rule.</span></p>
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Jackl, Jennifer A. "Rules of telling". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, nr 2 (30.11.2016): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407516681539.
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This study sought to gain a better understanding of the process narrators embark upon when deciding what version of a story to tell to a particular audience; a process, hereafter, referred to as narrative adaptation. Inductive, open coding of 25 semi-structured interviews resulted in six rules of telling: (1) If an emotionally close relationship exists with the listener(s), then a more detailed story is told; (2) If it is believed that the listener(s) will not wrongfully judge the storyteller, then a more detailed story is told; (3) If the listener(s) display interest in the story, then a more detailed story is told; (4) If the physical setting is not appropriate, then the story is condensed; (5) If the conversational context is not appropriate, then the story is condensed; and (6) If a meaningful purpose will be fulfilled by telling the story, then a more detailed story is told. Implications of studying the process of narrative adaptation are discussed.
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Holeňa, Martin. "Piecewise-Linear Neural Networks and Their Relationship to Rule Extraction from Data". Neural Computation 18, nr 11 (listopad 2006): 2813–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2006.18.11.2813.
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This article addresses the topic of extracting logical rules from data by means of artificial neural networks. The approach based on piecewise linear neural networks is revisited, which has already been used for the extraction of Boolean rules in the past, and it is shown that this approach can be important also for the extraction of fuzzy rules. Two important theoretical properties of piecewise-linear neural networks are proved, allowing an elaboration of the basic ideas of the approach into several variants of an algorithm for the extraction of Boolean rules. That algorithm has already been used in two real-world applications. Finally, a connection to the extraction of rules of the Łukasiewicz logic is established, relying on recent results about rational McNaughton functions. Based on one of the constructive proofs of the McNaughton theorem, an algorithm is formulated that in principle allows extracting a particular kind of formulas of the Łukasiewicz predicate logic from piecewise-linear neural networks trained with rational data.
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Zhang, Youlang, Fan Yang i Menghan Zhao. "Managerial Communication and Frontline Workers’ Willingness to Abide by Rules: Evidence From Local Security Agencies in China". American Review of Public Administration 51, nr 4 (7.01.2021): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074020983798.
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Previous research has studied both rule- and individual-level determinants of rule abidance of frontline workers, but the effect of managerial communication has not been adequately explored. Based on extant literature on street-level bureaucracy, managerial communication, and behavioral public administration, this study develops a novel framework to theorize the relationship between managerial communication and frontline workers’ willingness to abide by frontline rules. The framework highlights that managerial communication could improve frontline workers’ willingness to abide by rules by directly monitoring their behaviors or indirectly increasing their perceived rule clarity and risk of punishment. Moreover, as organizational size increases, the effect of managerial communication on frontline workers’ willingness to abide by rules decreases. The study uses unique data from a 2018–2019 survey covering 94 frontline managers and 717 frontline workers in local security agencies in mainland China to empirically test the hypotheses.
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Duff, David G. "General Anti-Avoidance Rules Revisited: Reflections on Tim Edgar's "Building a Better GAAR"". Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 68, nr 2 (lipiec 2020): 579–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2020.68.2.sym.duff.
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In addition to the requirement of a tax benefit or advantage, the application of most modern general anti-avoidance rules (GAARs) turns on two elements: a "subjective element," which considers the purpose for which the transaction or arrangement resulting in the tax benefit or advantage was undertaken or arranged; and an "objective element," which considers the object or purpose of the relevant provisions to determine whether the tax benefit resulting from the transaction or arrangement is consistent with this object or purpose. Although these two elements are present in most modern GAARs, the function of each element within these rules and the relationship between them are often poorly understood. Other unresolved issues concern the roles of artificiality and economic substance in the application of these rules, and the relationship, if any, between these concepts and the "subjective" and "objective" elements of the rules. A final set of issues involves the uncertainty that GAARs may engender, the ability of judges to apply these rules and principles in a coherent and consistent manner, and the compatibility of these rules and principles with the rule of law. The author addresses these issues by reflecting on Tim Edgar's article "Building a Better GAAR." The first part of the paper considers the rationale for a general anti-avoidance rule or principle, arguing that such a rule not only represents a useful policy response to the harmful consequences of tax avoidance (the consequentialist argument that Professor Edgar espoused), but also may be justified on the non-consequentialist grounds that it protects the integrity of the provisions at issue and thereby upholds the rule of law. In the second part of the paper, the author builds on this analysis to consider the design of a general anti-avoidance rule or principle, arguing that it should be codified in the form of an explicit rule, should include subjective and objective elements such as the "purpose" and "misuse or abuse" requirements in the Canadian GAAR, and should be informed by concepts of artificiality and economic substance that apply to, respectively, the subjective and objective elements of the rule.
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Barry, James M., i Sandra Simas Graca. "Moderating effects of institutional factors on relationship quality: a comparative analysis of the US, Brazil, and China". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, nr 6 (1.07.2019): 1339–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2018-0062.
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Purpose The purpose of this research is to show how institutional factors affect buyer–supplier relationships. Specifically, the authors examine a model of relationship quality and its antecedents across rule-based, relation-based and family-based governance environments. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual model and accompanying research hypotheses are tested on data from a survey of 169 US (rule-based), 110 Brazilian (family-based) and 100 Chinese (relation-based) managers and buyers. Structural equation modeling is used to test the relationship quality framework and the hypothesized moderation of governance environment. Findings Results suggest that the informal institutions which shape a nation’s governance environment impact the relationship building process between buyers and suppliers. Communication quality was found to influence relationship quality more in developed economies where relationships are protected and managed under rule-based governance. Interaction frequency was found to be more relevant in emerging market firms characterized by relation-based societies. relationship benefits are applied more to relationships in emerging markets operating under family-based governance. No differences were found across governance environments for the influence that conflict resolution has on relationship quality. Practical implications Results provide insight into how the fairness and effectiveness of political and economic institutions surrounding a buyer’s nation of operation impact “rules of the game” differently for developed and emerging market firms. Originality/value This study extends research on cross-cultural relationship marketing to more than just communications context and cultural heritage. Results demonstrate that a buyer’s quest for legitimacy impacts its sensitivity to what supplier behaviors matter the most.
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Phillips, Eric. "Relationship rules put love on a par with sexual abuse". Nursing Standard 22, nr 21 (30.01.2008): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.22.21.33.s42.
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Takawashi, Tadayoshi. "Cataloging in Japan: Relationship Between Japanese and Western Cataloging Rules". Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 35, nr 1-2 (grudzień 2002): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j104v35n01_13.
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Law, Rob, i Norman Au. "Relationship modeling in tourism shopping: a decision rules induction approach". Tourism Management 21, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00056-4.
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MacGregor, Jennifer C. D., i Justin V. Cavallo. "Breaking the rules: Personal control increases women’s direct relationship initiation". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 28, nr 6 (28.02.2011): 848–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407510397986.
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