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West, Alexandra Elizabeth, i res cand@acu edu au. "Relational Standards: Rules and Expectations in Romantic Relationships". Australian Catholic University. School of Psychology, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp135.05022007.
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Romantic relationships are assumed to be guided by norms and rules, however research in the field of personal relationships has not directly addressed the area of relationship rules in romantic relationships, but has investigated their violations, with a specific focus on examples such as infidelity and deception. The present research program provides the first comprehensive study of rules and expectations in romantic relationships. The overall aim of the research is to explore the types of rules and expectations, or relational standards that exist in romantic relationships, how they come to exist, and their function within relationships. Given the lack of research on relational standards, a program of four studies, utilising both qualitative and quantitative methods was proposed to address the research aims. A combination of methods was deemed appropriate as qualitative methods would allow exploration of the types of relational standards that exist in romantic relationships, while quantitative methods could be used to explore their structure, function, and potential correlates. An initial study of the use of deception was based on previous work by the author. This study aimed to combine research on the strategies of deceptive use, with the motivations that are provided for engaging in deception, in order to further understand how deception is used in romantic relationships. A survey of 152 individuals currently in romantic relationships demonstrated that individuals tend to use multiple strategies when they engage in deception, and prefer to use less overt strategies than lying. Consistent with research on victim and perpetrator accounts, individuals believed their partners would view the deception as more serious than they themselves would. Deception can be viewed as one example of the violation of major relationship rules and expectations regarding trust and honesty, which prompted the question of what other rules and expectations exist in romantic relationships. This question provided the impetus for the subsequent studies, the aims of which were to explore what rules and expectations exist in romantic relationship, and how they come to exist. A qualitative study using focus groups and interviews with couples enabled the development of 16 categories about which rules and expectations typically exist. These categories described both the emotional aspects of a relationship, such as loyalty, fidelity, help and support, and the day-to-day functioning of a relationship, such as those regarding roles and time allocation. A third study, using quantitative methods, presented the 16 categories to 106 individuals in order to validate the categories, investigate how they come to exist (whether they are discussed or exist as expectations) and explore their function in terms of their importance to the relationship and levels of threat and (un)forgivability when they are violated. It also sought to explore whether relational standards were related to a measure of adjustment, specifically one.s self-restraint. All 16 categories were endorsed, and were generally seen as being common in most relationships, and important to a relationship.s functioning. The categories differed in their importance, threat and unforgivability, with rules and expectations about the emotional aspects of a relationship consistently rated as more important than rules and expectations about the procedural aspects of a relationship. The number of rules endorsed, and the types of rules discussed and expected, were not related to an individual.s adjustment. A final study of 45 couples aimed to replicate the results from the third study, as well as explore whether there was agreement in partners. responses. The final study also investigated whether relational standards were related to individual factors such as adjustment, personality, and the tendency to betray, and relationship variables such as trust, satisfaction and commitment. The results confirmed the pattern of endorsement found in the third study, that rules and expectations regarding the emotional aspects of relationship are regarded as the most important, and the most threatening and unforgivable when violated. Rules and expectations regarding the procedural aspects or the day-to-day functioning of the relationship are seen as least important to therelationship, and least threatening and easily forgiven when violated. The present research program demonstrated that there are identifiable areas about which couples have rules and expectations, and that these form a hierarchy based on their importance to the relationship. No differences were found in the way that relational standards come to exist, and relational standards were not found to be related to either individual or relationship factors. The identification of rule and expectation categories may help couples clarify their expectations of each other, and reduce potential areas of conflict. They also provide a starting point from which to further explore the importance of relational standards to relationship functioning.
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Elazmeh, William Wasim. "A new search technique for mining relationship rules". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9205.
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Data Mining is extracting knowledge from data. Knowledge may be presented using rules which express relationships between sets of items involved in the rule. The nature and strength of the relationship is determined by an evaluation measure used to evaluate the rules. A relationship may correspond to an association, an implication, a correlation, a causality, a dependency, etc. This thesis considers the problem of finding the strongest N rules from transaction data. Existing algorithms (e.g. Apriori) employ search techniques based on Best-First Search methods which impose high demands on memory. Searching Depth-First solves this memory problem but can demand long execution time. This drawback can be avoided by using iterative deepening search where the Depth-First Search is run with a progressively relaxed search bound on each successive iteration. Relaxing the search bound can be based on various characteristics of the search space, such as a change in the tree depth (MSDD algorithm), or a change in the quality of states being explored. The key issue is the strategy by which the search bound is relaxed for subsequent iterations. We propose an iterative deepening search algorithm IDGmax using a search bound strategy based on the quality of states explored. We explore different methods for relaxing the search bound to improve the performance. We present experimental results to evaluate the performance of these search bound relaxation strategies and compare them to the MSDD algorithm. We also show that the choice of the search bound relaxation method can significantly influence the performance of the rule mining algorithm in both memory and time.
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Mwendapole, Chinandu. "Design knowledge and intellectual property rules : an investigation into the relationship between design knowledge and intellectual property rules". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4306.
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Laurie, Emma Jane. "The enduring appeal of #reasonable preference' : public sector housing allocations within the context of the central local government relationship". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270686.
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Feinauer, Ian David. "The Relationship of Implicit Family Process Rules to Adolescent Presentation of Psychological Systems". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1328.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Marriage and Family Therapy, 2006.Title of electronic copy: Relationship of implicit family process rules to adolescent presentation of psychological systems. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-76).
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Gerhart, Natalie. "Decision-Making with Big Information: The Relationship between Decision Context, Stopping Rules, and Decision Performance". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862880/.
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Ubiquitous computing results in access to vast amounts of data, which is changing the way humans interact with each other, with computers, and with their environments. Information is literally at our fingertips with touchscreen technology, but it is not valuable until it is understood. As a result, selecting which information to use in a decision process is a challenge in the current information environment (Lu & Yuan, 2011). The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate how individual decision makers, in different decision contexts, determine when to stop collecting information given the availability of virtually unlimited information.
Decision makers must make an ultimate decision, but also must make a decision that he or she has enough information to make the final decision (Browne, Pitts, & Wetherbe, 2007). In determining how much information to collect, researchers found that people engage in ‘satisficing' in order to make decisions, particularly when there is more information than it is possible to manage (Simon, 1957). A more recent elucidation of information use relies on the idea of stopping rules, identifying five common stopping rules information seekers use: mental list, representational stability, difference threshold, magnitude threshold, and single criterion (Browne et al., 2007).
Prior research indicates a lack of understanding in the areas of information use (Prabha, Connaway, Olszewski, & Jenkins, 2007) and information overload (Eppler & Mengis, 2004) in Information Systems literature. Moreover, research indicates a lack of clarity in what information should be used in different decision contexts (Kowalczyk & Buxmann, 2014). The increase in the availability of information further complicates and necessitates research in this area. This dissertation seeks to fill these gaps in the literature by determining how information use changes across decision contexts and the relationships between stopping rules.
Two unique methodologies were used to test the hypotheses in the conceptual model, which both contribute to research on information stopping rules. One tracks the participant during an online search, the second asks follow-up survey questions on a Likert scale. One of four search tasks (professional or personal context and a big data analytics understanding or restaurant location search) was randomly assigned to each participant.
Results show different stopping rules are more useful for different decision contexts. Specifically, professional tasks are more likely to use stopping rules with an a priori decision on how much information to collect, while personal tasks encourage users to determine how much information to collect during the search process. The analysis also shows that different stopping rules have different emphases on quality and quantity of information. Specifically, representational stability requires both a high quality and quantity of information, while other stopping rules indicate a preference for one of the two. Finally, information quality and quantity ultimately have a positive relationship with decision confidence, satisfaction, and efficiency.
The findings of this research are useful to practitioners and academics tackling issues with the availability of more information. As systems are designed for information search, understanding information stopping rules become increasingly important.
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Kaufmann, Renee Monique. "TEACHER DISCLOSURE: DEVELOPING PRIVACY RULES, MANAGING BOUNDARIES AND BUILDING RELATIONSHIPS". UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/154.
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The roles and responsibilities of middle school teachers are never ending. From instructing students on state-mandated curriculum to the enrichment of character and inquiry, teachers make daily decisions about how and what to disclose to their students. The current study reexamines Hosek and Thompson’s (2009) study on how teachers develop privacy rules and coordinate boundaries using Petronio’s Communication Privacy Management as the theoretical framework. Studying middle school teachers, in lieu of college instructors, allows for a better understanding of how privacy rules and boundaries are constructed and used within the middle school. This provides a better understanding of the important factors that influence teachers’ communicative decision making within the classroom.
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Azzout, Boudjelal T. "Rethinking the relationship between international trade rules and human rights under the framework of the WTO". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441774.
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Meng, Karl Nathan. "Couple Implicit Rules for Facilitating Disclosure and Relationship Quality with Romantic Relational Aggression as a Mediator". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3836.
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This study examines the association between couple implicit rules related to facilitating disclosure and marital quality with husband and wife romantic relational aggression as potential mediators. Couples (N-353 couples) who participated in the Flourishing Families Project, reported on their use of couple implicit rules related to disclosure. Results indicated that implicit rules for couple disclosure were positively related to marital quality for both husbands and wives. Those couples who reported more use of implicit rules related to disclosure were also likely to use less romantic relational aggression. In turn, both husband and wife romantic relational aggression was negatively related to their own as well as their partner's marital quality. Romantic relational aggression was a significant mediator between couple implicit rules for disclosure and marital quality for both husbands and wives. Implications for marital therapy are discussed.
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ALCURE, FABIO NEFFA. "CURRENT PROBLEMS OF RENTAL RELATIONSHIP: RESULT ACHIEVED FROM THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT USE OF CONSTITUTIONAL RULES". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29251@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA Constituição de 1988 promoveu uma notável transformação no ordenamento jurídico e, então, submeteu não só o Código Civil, mas todas as normas infraconstitucionais à conformidade com os valores e princípios constitucionais. Essa metodologia, intitulada direito civil-constitucional, modificou qualitativamente as bases do direito privado tradicional, com isso, retirando do centro das preocupações do ordenamento os interesses patrimoniais individualistas e colocando em seu lugar a proteção da pessoa humana. O presente trabalho busca capturar esse fenômeno e, assim tomando consciência, analisar questões intrincadas que afligem as relações locatícias e oferecer soluções orientandas pelo sistema axiológico-teleológico do direito civil-constitucionalizado. O necessário diálogo da Lei do Inquilinato com o Código de Defesa do Consumidor, com o Código Civil e demais leis infraconstitucionais, a potencial antijuridicidade da possibilidade de renúncia antecipada do locatário em relação ao direito de indenização pelas benfeitorias necessárias e a abusividade da denunciação imotivada do contrato de locação, como forma de alcançar objetivos ilícitos, são as matérias postas para a deslindação. Objetiva-se, desse modo, oferecer uma hermenêutica atenta ao direito constitucional à propriedade, mas imbuída de interesses metaindividuais e existenciais, como direito constitucional à moradia, de forma reafirmar a necessidade de funcionalização das titularidades e evitar a vulneração da figura do locatário como pessoa concreta, dotada de dignidade.
The Brazilian Constitution dated 1988 promoted a notable transformation of the jurisdictional order. It submitted not only the Civil Code but all the nonconstitutional normative to be in accordance to the Constitutional values and principles. This methodology, entitled Civil-Constitutional Law, changed in a qualitative manner the foundation of the traditional private law, subtracting the center of the ordainment concerns of the individual interests of the patrimony, replacing it by the protection of the human rights. This study intends to present this phenomenon and in good conscience of its use, be able to analyze intricate cases of the rental relationships, offering solutions guided by the axiologicalteleological of the Civil-Constitutional Law. The parts for debate are: the needed dialog between the Consumers Code, the Tenant Code, the Civil Code and other non constitutional laws; the potential anti-juridical possibility of previous renouncement of the landlord to its legal right to be compensated for the repairs needed; the abuse of an unmotivated denounce of the rental contract as a way to accomplish illegal objectives. This study aims to present an hermeneutic that pays attention to the Constitutional Right to Housing, enriched with meta-individual and existential interests, as in the Constitutional Rights to Housing, as a form of reassuring the necessity to the functionalization of the entitled and to avoid the susceptibility of the tenant figure as a concrete person, possessed of dignity.
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Hussain, Shahrul. "An investigation into the Islamic principles and rules governing the contractual relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims in commercial transactions". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521319.
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This is an analytical study of primarily the four Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence and other classical jurists and scholars as well as contemporary juristic views. The research consists of eight chapters grouped into three main parts. The first part looks at secondary causes and the factors that contributed to shaping and influencing the rules of contracts between Muslims and non-Muslims. These causes or factors are not key components to a contract in terms of it being an inherent integral feature without which the contract suffers in validity. These secondary issues are the relationship the Prophet Muhammad had with non-Muslims and his teachings regarding their treatment, the Qur’anic precepts of Muslim-non-Muslim relationship and non-Muslims in Sharī'ah and finally the difference of territories. The second part looks into the key components of a contract without which the contract suffers in validity. It looks at the juristic derivation of contractual law from the primary sources. These key components are the contractors, their qualifications and that what impedes them, consent and its materialization, merchandise (mahal al-‘aqd) and what qualifies as merchandise and other rules pertaining to it. Finally, the different forms of operatives in terms of the correct language to express consent and thus conclude a contract. The third part shows the juristic application of these rules and factors to the practical parts of Muslim law.
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Bonac, Vesna A. "Unconscious communication of children in psychotherapy : analysis of sessions with respect to variables pertaining to Langsian ground rules of psychotherapeutic relationship". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30372.
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The central thesis of this study says that the ground rules and boundaries of the psychotherapeutic relationship (the frame), as defined by Robert Langs for adults and adolescents, are the same for children. Transcripts from memory of verbalisation and behaviours from 12 sessions of children in individual psychotherapy were analyzed with the purpose to test Langsian communicative psychoanalytic hypotheses. Unconscious communications were analyzed in accordance with Langs' theories to determine the impact of the state of the frame on children. The dependent variable, unconscious communication, was analyzed with respect to the following nine independent variables of the frame: (a) change in therapy rooms, (b) audio recording of session, (c) missed sessions and holidays, (d) therapist's contact third parties, (e) disruption of session, (f) time extension and time reduction of session, (g) observation mirror, (h) forced termination of treatment, and (i) touching toys. The analysis of data was limited to: (a) triggers, (b) polarity of themes and images, (c) perceptions of the therapist, (d) models of rectification, and (e) vicissitudes of resistances. This is a limited, multiple case empirical study of two boys (ages 5 and 11) and one girl (age 6) in individual psychotherapy in a
public clinic setting. The process of unconscious validation and non-validation by the client was used to determine the correctness of individual hypotheses, which were formed for each session on the basis of the state of the frame.
Conclusive empirical proof of the effects of three types of breaks in the frame on the process of child psychotherapy is presented: contact with third parties, observation mirror, and changing the time for sessions adversely influence the process of child psychotherapy. These three findings were made possible because the available data included the breaking as well as securing of the frame which permitted the execution of complete Langsian analysis. Each of the three instances represents a piece of conclusive evidence of the predictive value of Langs' theory regarding children and therefore conclusive evidence of the three aspects of the basic thesis of this study. The analysis of data revealed that the individual Langsian hypotheses were correct in all instances. The analysis also revealed that none of the data would satisfy a rival hypothesis which would propose an outcome opposite to Langsian hypotheses. A limitation of the study is the fact that the majority of available data contained material that allowed only partial Langsian analysis of the impact of the frame on the child. Further studies of secure frame psychotherapy are needed to complete the set
of ground rules and boundaries of child psychotherapy by empirical means.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Gergely, Noemi. "Implicit Family Process and Couples Rules: A Comparison of American and Hungarian Families". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/526.
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Family life is organized by rules, and most of them are unspokenly agreed-upon by family members and may be even out of awareness. Implicit family process and couple rules may facilitate or constrain family relationship and intimate couple relationship growth. Prevalence of family rules may be different across cultures. Family members may perceive their rules and family functioning differently according to their family position and gender. Married couples may view their relationship rules differently than couples who cohabit. This study utilized the Family Implicit Rules Profile (FIRP) and the Couples Implicit Rules Profile (CIRP) Questionnaires to answer these research questions. The questionnaires were translated into Hungarian, and the content validity of the Hungarian translation was established. Hungarian non-clinical families and couples were compared to American (U.S.) non-clinical families and couples to examine how prevalent implicit rules were in the two cultures. According to the findings, Hungarian families and couples scored lower on the total FIRP and CIRP scores. Hungarian families perceived implicit family rules regarding kindness and monitoring less prevalent, and rules regarding constraining their thoughts, feelings and self more prevalent than American families. No differences were found in expressiveness and connection and inappropriate caretaking of parents between the two cultures. Hungarian couples perceived their implicit relationship rules regarding kindness, expressiveness and connection and monitoring less prevalent than American couples. No differences in implicit rules about constraining thoughts, feelings and self and inappropriate caretaking of partner were found between the two cultures. Mothers in both cultures viewed their families in a more positive light than other family members, and female family members (mothers and daughters) were more positive than their male counterparts (fathers and sons) about rules in their families in both cultures. Sons in both cultures perceived more responsibility to protect their parents emotionally than did daughters. Married couples in both cultures perceived their relationship rules more favorably in terms of kindness and monitoring than cohabiting couples. Results were interpreted in the context of cultural differences between the American and the Hungarian cultures. Limitations and the possibility of future research are discussed.
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Pehrsson, Åsa. "Den osynliga uniformen : Boendestödjares erfarenheter av regler och gränsöverskridningar inom socialpsykiatrisk verksamhet". Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40050.
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This study is inspired by research about alliance as a common factor. The purpose is to explore the positive experiences among community-based social support workers when breaking the rules with their clients. The study questions in which situations they broke the rules and how they handled these situations related to their clients and colleges. Qualitative, individual interviews were made with four community-based social support workers who had such experiences. The results were analysed through an hermeneutic approach using Johan Asplund's theory of social responsiveness. The rules were mainly created socially among the colleges and concerned where, when and how they met their clients, and what the workers revealed about their personal life. They broke the rules when following them felt wrong and unpleasant. Breaking the rules created reciprocity in the client-relationship, which strengthened the alliance. Breaking the rules was less problematic when the workers felt supported by colleges than among colleges who acted disapprovingly. The respondents used the rules as something to relate to the client and themselves, instead of applying them in the same way with everyone. This raised questions about how to define professionalism, causes of stigma and how to measure quality in health services.
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Oliveira, Ângelo Mozart Medeiros de. "Análise da relação dos estudantes com as atividades experimentais de eletromagnetismo utilizando o Vê de Gowin em contraposição ao relatório tradicional". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35167.
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Neste trabalho apresentamos uma investigação desenvolvida ao longo do ano de 2009 em uma disciplina de Física Básica de Eletromagnetismo da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). O objetivo foi analisar as visões de mundo e a relação dos estudantes com o relatório tradicional e com o laboratório de ensino. Dentro desta estratégia de pesquisa foi utilizado o Vê de Gowin, um instrumento heurístico muito utilizado para explicitar o processo de produção do conhecimento. Nesse contexto ele foi utilizado em contraposição ao relatório tradicional. Entendemos por relatório tradicional aquele que os alunos já estão acostumados a realizar em semestres anteriores. A teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel foi utilizada para avaliar os roteiros já disponíveis para as atividades experimentais. Ainda nessa perspectiva, vimos a estreita relação que a teoria educativa de Gowin tem com a teoria da aprendizagem significativa, o que nos possibilitou uma visão ainda mais aprimorada dos roteiros. Destacamos que para avaliar a relação dos estudantes com as atividades experimentais, utilizamos como referencial epistemológico a contribuição de Thomas Khun. Os resultados mostram que os alunos possuem boa aceitação ao novo método de avaliação, que também conseguiu explorar de forma mais objetiva os aspectos essenciais à formação do futuro físico no que se refere ao papel da atividade experimental. Contudo, vemos que o aproveitamento dos alunos permanece constante frente à mudança avaliativa. Isto significa que a introdução do Vê não prejudica o desempenho dos alunos. Por fim, especulamos que características próprias de nossa comunidade são refletidas pelos alunos nos relatórios.This dissertation presents a research carried out during 2009, in the discipline of Electromagnetism at introductory college level, at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil. It aimed at analyzing the students’ worldviews and their reaction to the standard lab report model and to the lab classes. Within this research strategy, Gowin’s Vee, which is a heuristic instrument that can make explicit the knowledge production process, was used. In this context, this instrument was utilized as a counterpoint to the traditional lab report model. In our view, this traditional report is the one students are familiar with, since they have already made reports in previous semesters. Ausubel’s meaningful learning theory was used to evaluate the available guides for experimental activities. Under this perspective , we verified the close relationship that exists between Gowin’s educating theory and Ausubel’s meaningful learning theory, and this has provided us with a more refined view of such guides for experimental activities. We emphasize that, in order to evaluate the students’ relation with the experimental activities, we applied Kuhn’s contributions as part of the theoretical framework of this research. Findings indicate that students seem to react positively to the new evaluation method, and, moreover, that they seemed to explore in a more objective way the essential aspects related to the formation of the future physicist, in what concerns the role of experimental activity. Nevertheless, it was possible to notice that students’ performance remained constant in regard to this evaluative change. This might mean that the introduction of the Vee does not hinder students’ performance. Finally, it was explored to which extent the community’s main features were reflected on the students’ reports.
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Danielsson, Anna, i Boyou Yang. "The Modern Mystery of Countries, Companies and Change : A new perspective on the relationship between business and nation-states". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227067.
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Today, different parts of a value chain operate in different places, different firms may hold ranges of brands with different national heritages, and leaders, shareholders and customers are widely spread across the world. Policy makers are facing new challenges as national borders define less and less of corporate thinking. In this paper, we argue that there is a need to find a new way of how to understand the relationship between business and nation-states. The theoretical framework was constructed by breaking down the concept of national identity of companies. We found four different aspects that we argue can connect business to nations, and in the empirical study, our ambition is to test this framework. By conducting the study using qualitative content analysis, we aim to answer the research question of if it possible to understand the national identity of companies through different aspects of business, and if so, how this is reflected in the national trade policies of four countries. Our results showed that by looking beyond the traditional view of national identity of companies, policy makers have three important factors to take into regards when considering their relations to business; location, culture and contribution.
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Maziero, Erick Galani. "Identificação automática de relações multidocumento". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-29032012-111155/.
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O tratamento multidocumento mostra-se indispensável no cenário atual das mídias eletrônicas, em que são produzidos diversos documentos sobre um mesmo tópico, principalmente quando se considera a explosão de informação permitida pela web. Tanto leitores quanto aplicações computacionais se beneficiam da análise discursiva multidocumento por meio da qual são explicitadas relações entre as porções dos documentos, por exemplo, relações de equivalência, contradição ou de contextualização de alguma informação. A fim de realizar o tratamento automático multidocumento, adota-se neste trabalho a teoria linguístico-computacional CST (Cross-document Structure Theory, Radev, 2000). Esse tipo de conhecimento multidocumento permite que (i) se tratem mais apropriadamente fenômenos como redundância, complementariedade e contradição de informações e, consequentemente, (ii) produzam-se sistemas melhores de processamento textual, como buscadores web mais inteligentes e sumarizadores automáticos. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia de identificação dessas relações explorando-se técnicas de aprendizado automático do paradigma tradicional e hierárquico. Para relações que não são passíveis de identificação por aprendizado automático foram desenvolvidas regras para sua identificação. Por fim, um parser é gerado contendo classificadores e regrasThe multi-document treatment is essential in the current scenario of electronic media, in which many documents are produced about a same topic, mainly when considering the explosion of information allowed by the web. Both readers and computational applications are benefited by the discursive multi-document analysis, through which the relations (for example, equivalence, contradiction or background relations) among the portions of text are showed. In order to achieve the automatic multi-document treatment, the CST (Cross-document Structure Theory, Radev, 2000) is adopted in this work. This kind of knowledge allow (i) the appropriated treatment of phenomena like redundancy, complementarity and contradiction of information and, consequently, (ii) the production of better systems of text processing, as more intelligent web searchers and automatic summarizers. In this work, a methodology to identify these relations is presented exploring techniques of machine learning of the traditional and hierarchical paradigm. For relations with low frequency in the corpus, handcrafted rules were developed. Finally, a parser is generated containing classifiers and rules
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Smith, Lindsay Ann. "Maintenance rules in friends with benefits relationships". Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/341789.
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Bouker, Slim. "Contribution à l'extraction des règles d'association basée sur des préférences". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22585/document.
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De, Waal Elda. "The educator-learner relationship within the South African public school system :|ban educational-juridical perspective / Elda de Waal". Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8616.
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Harming the dignity of the learner; refusing to hear his side of the story; neglecting to
help him retrieve his stolen property : such are the unfortunate occurrences at many
South African schools, and such are the experiences that have led to this research.
Dedicated educators sometimes default, leaving their wronged learners out m the cold.
The questions are therefore: • What causes this conduct of educators and why does it recur? • Is it ignorance of their legal position? • Is it insensitivity to common law principles and statutory provisions? • Is it sheer carelessness? Mindful of the introduction of the South African Constitution Act 108 of 1996, wh1ch
contains the long-awaited Bill of Fundamental Rights, this study has been undertaken
to give an educational-juridical perspective of the educator-learner relationship 1n
South African public schools by means of a literature study and an elementary legal
comparative study.
Various legal terms which influence the educator-learner relationship significantly are
defined.
In conjunction with the private law status of the learner, the position of the learner
within the school system, and the fundamental rights of the learner in the context of
the administration of justice are identified and dealt with in so far as they have any
bearing on the educator-learner relationship,
Moreover, the legal determinants of the educator-learner relationship and the
educator's duty of care are pinpointed to determine their significance in an
accountable, responsive and open educator-learner relationship,
A comparative school law perspective of the sources of school law, the duties and
responsibilities of educators, the fundamental rights and legal obligations of the
learner, the educator's duty of care, discipline and legal liability in England and Wales,
Canada, Japan, and South Africa is presented in terms of similarities and differences,
Attention is paid to the necessity of informing educators and learners concerning their
respective rights and duties, in order to develop accountable, responsive and open
educator-learner relationships in South African schools,Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000
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Dirska, Henry. "A Declarative Rules API for Managing Adaptation Relationships in Context-Oriented Programming". NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/135.
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Context-aware computing requires software that can adapt to changes in context. When contextual circumstances trigger multiple adaptations, software must also understand the relationships between these adaptations and react according to the rules governing these relationships. Adaptable software needs a means to establish and interpret these rules in order to avoid any undesirable and potentially catastrophic conflicts.
This dissertation designs and implements the Adaptation Rules Management API (ArmAPI). ArmAPI has been demonstrated to work with a Context-Oriented Programming variation for Java called ContextJ* to execute conflict-free adaptations in two software applications. ArmAPI allows programmers to define relationship types between adaptations, and transfers these definitions to Prolog facts and rules. The Prolog engine, encapsulated within ArmAPI, then works with imperative algorithms to determine the appropriate adaptations to execute based on the current set of facts, rules, and contextual circumstances.
Context represents all of the conditions for all of the entities known to an observing device. In any environment, context represents a large amount of data that can influence a multitude of conflicting adaptations. This research provides an incremental step towards overcoming the problem of adaptation conflict by constructing an API that considers the relationship types of inclusion, exclusion, ordering, conditional dependency, and independence. The API has been validated via two prototypes that provide typical scenarios.
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Lacina, Michael Allen. "Relationships Between Training Load Metrics and Injury in Collegiate Women's Soccer". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100946.
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Injury risk reduction is an ever-evolving topic within an athletic environment. Consequences from an injury include participation time loss, financial, social, and personal costs. Coaching and medical staff strive to reduce the risk through various manners. Training load monitoring is one method that is utilized in injury risk reduction through global positioning systems (GPS) with statistical modeling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the external loads for training sessions and competition in starters versus non-starters; to determine if there were control chart violations associated with sustained injuries; and to determine whether in-season injuries were associate with one or more control chart violations. NCAA Division I female soccer players were recruited during the fall 2019 season. Participants were provided a STATSports GPS unit to wear during all practice and competition sessions to analyze the following variables: total distance, high metabolic load distance, sprints, accelerations, decelerations, and dynamic stress load (DSL). These variables were analyzed using statistical process control charts (SPC Charts) and Nelson Rules. Overall, there were 1,235 violations for the team, with the highest amount coming from DSL. Throughout the season, there were 16 time-loss injuries. Within the 3- and 7-day periods prior to injury, there were only two cases in which the injured athlete had more violations when compared to the team average. Therefore, SPC Charts were not a good indicator of injury risk prediction within this population. Future research includes reassessing these methods within a larger population and for a longer duration (i.e. several seasons).Master of Science
Reducing the risk of injury in athletes is a focal point for many coaches, training, and medical staffs in collegiate athletics. The consequences of injury range from loss of playing time to financial and long-term health costs. Being able to reduce the risk of injuries not only has personal implications for the athlete but also relates to overall team success. Using global positioning systems (GPS) to track the amount of work done in training can possibly reduce injury risk. This study planned to investigate the workload in NCAA Division 1 collegiate female soccer athletes and if any injuries were sustained during both training and competition settings. The results suggest that statistical process control (SPC) charts and the Nelson Rules did not predict injury risk within this population. There is limited research that has used these tools. Future work can reassess these methods within larger collegiate athletic populations, over a longer period of time.
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Galloway, James Coleman. "Muscle torque-total torque relationships at the shoulder and elbow: Rules for initiating multijoint arm movements". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282845.
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One concept central to theories of multijoint control concerns the selection of muscles for the appropriate joint motion. For multijoint movements, a given muscle torque at an individual joint can lead to flexion, extension, or very little motion, since mechanical effects coming from other segments interact with muscle torque. This study quantified the contribution of muscle torque to initial joint motion for horizontal arm movements throughout the workspace. Previous studies of arm mechanics have been limited to a few movements or have focused on one joint. In contrast, this study reports data for both the shoulder and elbow joints. Moreover, a large number of movements were used for which direction, excursion, and distance were manipulated. Using high speed video recordings and techniques of inverse dynamics, a ratio of muscle torque to total torque was computed for each movement as a measure of contribution of muscle torque to joint acceleration. One consistent finding was that the muscle torque contribution consistently differed between the shoulder and elbow for most of the workspace. At one joint, muscle torque directly contributed to acceleration with negligible interaction torque ('direct' muscle torque contribution), thus the joint appeared to act as the launcher of the arm. At the other joint, both muscle and interaction torques contributed to joint acceleration ('complex' contribution), thus the joint appeared to be responding to mechanical effects from motion of the launcher. This contrast between joints may provide a simplifying feature for multijoint arm control. Specifically, only one of the two joints has complex mechanics, while the other joint, surprisingly, has simplified mechanics similar to a single joint in isolation. Movements in this study also demonstrated a three fold covariance (muscle torque contribution, movement direction, and the relative excursions of the shoulder and elbow) regardless of distance. A covariance of movement features, historically viewed as a confound, may provide a further simplification for arm control by reducing the unknowns; namely, the muscle torque contribution is associated with a resultant direction and joint excursions, or a direction or set of excursions is achieved by the associated muscle torque contribution.
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Toner, Maureen M. "Decision rules for riparian vegetation: Predicting the distribution of plant functional groups from trait-environment relationships". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10200.
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The conservation of biological diversity requires simple, predicative models that yield quantitative guidelines for management. This is illustrated by contemporary problems in managing wetlands. Riparian wetlands, in particular, are under heavy pressure from the hydrological changes produced by dam construction and water diversion projects. There has been ample documentation of the significance of substrate and hydrologic variables on the composition of shoreline plant communities, yet we have few models that yield quantitative predictions for conservation management. My goal has been to provide quantitative decision rules that predict the composition of wetland plant communities. A principal obstacle to generating predictions for wetland vegetation is the large species pool. One solution is the assignment of species to functional groups that are recognizable by a few, simple traits. The distribution of these functional groups could then be described by trait-environment relationships. I have investigated the relationship between the distribution of functional groups and a set of hydrological and substrate variables, using the wetlands of the Ottawa River as my study system. I first identified two fundamental functional groups of wetland species, woody and herbaceous. The model with the highest accuracy was composed to two hydrologic variables, the last day of the first flood and the time of the second flood. The combination of these two variables correctly identified which group was the cover type for over 80% of the original data points. I then investigated the relationships between functional groups defined by the presence or absence of floating leaves and/or flexuous stems and the environmental variables. The duration of flooding best described the distribution of this group, again with an accuracy of over 80%, using the original data points. Finally I compared the merits of five classifications of emergent species in identifying functional groups that can be predicted from hydrological and substrate variables. The traits used in these classifications included leaf shape, area or arrangement; stem characteristics; ramet biomass; ramet height; and the number and length of rhizomes. The most accurate models (based on the original data) related the distribution of the functional groups that were defined by leaf shape, leaf area and stem diameter to hydrology and the sand fraction in the soil. I generated and tested quantitative predictions from the 11 models with the highest accuracy (using the original data) from the above work. Four models performed well when tested with data from other regions or from Ottawa River sites not previously included in the analysis. The corresponding functional groups were woody plants, floating leaved/flexuous stemmed plants, plants with leaf area equal to zero and plants with lanceolate, elliptical or compound emergent leaves. Using the model parameters I formulated inclusion and exclusion rules to predict the presence or absence of these functional groups at various ranges of the significant environmental variables. These decision rules provide valuable tools for the conservation management of the vegetation of riverine wetlands.
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Buglione, Stanley L. "The importance of spiritual apprenticeship in early Christian monasticism living relationship versus written rule /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
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Williamson, J. Austin. "Social support, mood, and relationship satisfaction at the trait and social levels". Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1932.
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Many social processes influence the amount, quality, and availability of support from an individual's social network. Trait influences are characteristics of the individual that generalize across relationships and affect how much support is received and perceived on average from other people. Social influences comprise characteristics of the individual's social network. They are relationship specific and account for the variability in supportiveness among an individual's providers. Recent studies have taken a multilevel approach to studying social support in order to partition the variance in sets of relationship-specific support measures into trait and social components. These studies have also used multivariate generalizability (G) theory to examine the correlations between social support and other constructs, such as negative mood, at the trait and social level.
These multilevel studies have begun to clarify the relative contributions of trait and social influences on social support, but much is yet to be learned about the nature and measurement of social support's trait and social components. One set of aims within this project was to identify characteristics of support recipients and characteristics of support providers that were related to the reception and perception of social support. Another set of aims focused on validating the measurement strategies used by G theory researchers and understanding how the trait and social components of support and mood derived from relationship-specific measures relate to traditional measures of these constructs. My final set of aims involved the application of multilevel analyses of social support and negative mood to three existing theories in the social support literature--the buffering hypothesis, the matching hypothesis, and the platinum rule.
The participants in this study comprised two samples--one group of 755 undergraduate psychology students, and one group of 430 community members from across the United States. Participants completed measures of their personality traits, recent depressive symptoms, recent experiences of life adversity and perceived control over life adversity. They also reported on three close relationships including support from those relationships, satisfaction with those relationships, and mood experienced when interacting with those three people.
Several multilevel analyses were used in the study. Univariate G theory analyses were used to quantify the relative variance in support, mood, and relationship satisfaction attributable to trait and social influences. Multivariate G theory analyses were used to estimate the links between these variables at the trait and social levels of analysis. Mixed effects models were used to identify trait and relationship-specific constructs that that might partly constitute the trait and social influences on social support. Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the validity of several constructs employed in previous multilevel studies on social support. Finally, mixed effects and multivariate G theory analyses were used to test the buffering hypothesis, the matching hypothesis, and the platinum rule.
Consistent with previous multilevel studies of social support, recipients who received more support, on average, from their social networks also reported more negative mood when interacting with their providers. After taking those average tendencies into account, the amount of support received from an individual support provider was not associated with negative mood experienced when with that provider. The investigation of the trait influences on social support showed that recipients who were younger, more extraverted, and more open to new experiences tended to receive more social support. Women tended to receive more support than men. With respect to social influences, romantic partners tended to provide the most support whereas friends and siblings provided significantly less support on average. Women tended to provide more support than men. The validity assessment showed that the social component of support availability was only modestly distinct from the social component of generic relationship satisfaction. The trait component of support availability showed good discriminant validity from relationship satisfaction and good convergent validity with global support availability. The trait component of relationship-specific mood showed moderate convergent validity with general mood. The buffering and matching hypotheses were not supported by my findings. The platinum rule was supported at the trait level in that recipients who reported greater support adequacy, on average, tended to report more positive mood and less negative mood. The platinum rule was also supported at the social level in that recipients tended to report experiencing the most positive mood and least negative mood when interacting with individual providers who tended to supply the most adequate support.
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Charat, Hildegarde. "Competition, Domination and Relationships between Serena and Offred : Challenging Gilead's Rules and Patriarchy in Margaret Atwood The Handmaid's Tale". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37329.
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Arinsoy, Aslican. "Maximization of Delivery-Based Customer Satisfaction Considering Customer-Job Relationships in a Multi-Period Environment". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1378426684.
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Benmessaoud, Fatna. "Influence de la microstructure sur le comportement mécanique de l'alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V : étude expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelle Role of grain size and crystallographic texture on tensile behavior induced by sliding mechanism in Ti-6Al-4V alloy An optimization of the local hall-petch relationship using slip trace analysis technique and scale transition rules: application in equiaxed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0005.
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L’amélioration des performances mécaniques des matériaux utilisés dans l’aéronautique repose généralement sur la compréhension de la relation entre les paramètres microstructuraux et le comportement mécanique macroscopique. De plus, le caractère hétérogène et anisotrope de la plupart des matériaux métalliques, notamment l’alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V, implique une étude assez approfondie à l’échelle locale. Ce travail constitue une contribution dans ce domaine. Il a pour but d’analyser le comportement mécanique de l’alliage Ti-6Al-4V soumis à des sollicitations monotones et cycliques en lien avec la microstructure. Des caractérisations microstructurales ont été tout d’abord effectuées sur des microstructures nodulaires de Ti-6Al-4V possédant la même texture cristallographique mais avec trois tailles de grain différentes : ultra fine, fine et standard, puis sur des microstructures possédant la même taille de grain mais avec deux textures différentes : forte et faible. Dans une deuxième étape, des essais mécaniques monotones et cycliques ont été réalisés. Les résultats de cette partie ont permis le développement d’un modèle à l’échelle macroscopique. Par la suite, une technique d’analyse des traces de glissement a été développée dont l’objectif est d’identifier la contribution de différents systèmes de glissement dans l’accommodation de la déformation plastique. La dernière partie de cette thèse a été consacrée au développement d’un modèle de plasticité cristalline couplé à la méthode des éléments finis (Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM)) permettant d’analyser l’effet couplé de la taille moyenne des grains, leur dispersion relative et leur texture cristallographique sur le comportement obtenu aux échelles microscopique, mésoscopique et macroscopique. Les paramètres du modèle ont été identifiés en utilisant des techniques appropriées de transition d’échelles en champs moyens. Les Volumes Élémentaires Représentatifs (VER) utilisés dans le modèle ont été optimisés en considérant deux contraintes majeures : un nombre de grains représentatif et un maillage adéquat. Les simulations numériques ont été réalisées par le biais du code de calcul éléments finis Abaqus/Standard interfacé par la librairie ZMATImproving the mechanical performances of materials used in aeronautics industry is generally based on the understanding of the relationships between their microstructural features and their mechanical behavior observed at the macroscopic scale. In addition, the heterogeneous and the anisotropic nature of many materials, in particular Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, implies a rather detailed investigation of the mechanical behavior at the local scale. This PhD work is a contribution to analyze the mechanical behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy submitted to monotonic and cyclic loadings by considering relationship with the microstructure features. Microstructural characterizations were first performed on nodular Ti-6Al-4V microstructures with identical crystallographic texture and three different grain sizes (ultra fine, fine and standard), then on microstructures with the same grain size but two texturing degrees (strong texturing and weak) were assessed. In a second step, mechanical tensile and cyclic experiences were carried out. The results were used in development of a model with a macroscopic approach. Subsequently, a sliding trace analysis technique was developed in order to identify the contribution of different sliding systems on the accommodation of plastic deformation during the tensile or cyclic loadings. The final part of PhD work was dedicated to the development of a Crystal Plasticity-Finite Element model (CPFEM) to analyze the coupled effect of the average grain sizes, their relative scattering and crystallographic textures on the mechanical behavior at different scales: microscopic (sliding mechanism), mesoscopic (grains) and macroscopic scales. The model parameters were identified using appropriate techniques for the scale transitions. The Representative Volume Element (RVE) necessary for such modeling has been optimized with two constraints: a representative number of grains and an adequate meshing in terms of numbers and type of elements. The numerical simulations were performed using Abaqus/ Standard finite element calculation code interfaced by ZMAT library
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Garver, Geoffrey. "The rule of ecological law: A transformative legal and institutional framework for the human-earth relationship". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103779.
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The failure of current legal mechanisms and institutions to counter the growing global ecological crisis reflects an absence of the rule of ecological law from the global to the local level. Just as ecological economics has yet to crowd out environmental components of neo-classical economics, a parallel notion of ecological law has not yet displaced contemporary environmental law. The rule of ecological law, building on existing concepts like sustainability law, is founded on the notion that economic and socio-political spheres must be subservient to global ecological limits beyond which lie catastrophic ecological, social and economic collapse. Planetary boundaries of safe operating space for humanity, along with complementary measures and principles, provide the scientific and ethical basis of the rule of ecological law. The limitations of contemporary environmental law are illustrated with mostly ineffective attempts to address systemic environmental problems like eutrophication, acid rain, climate change and depletion of the ozone layer, followed by a critique of the broader legal and institutional architecture now in place to address global environmental challenges. The current approach to trade and the environment highlights the failure of the global governance infrastructure to respect global ecological boundaries on the human enterprise. In response to the ineffectiveness of current mechanisms and structures, ten essential features principles of the rule of ecological law are identified, along with elements of an institutional framework for housing them. Although the transition from a growth-insistent economy that seems headed toward ecological collapse to an economy based on the rule of ecological law is elusive, the European Union is identified as a useful structural model.Le fait que les mécanismes juridiques et institutionnels actuels ne répondent pas de manière efficace à la crise écologique mondiale met en évidence l'absence d'un régime de primauté de droit écologique du niveau local au niveau global. Tout comme l'économie écologique n'a pas encore réussi à remplacer les éléments environnementaux de l'économie néo-classique, une conception similaire du droit écologique n'a pas encore supplanté le droit contemporain de l'environnement. La primauté du droit écologique se fonde sur le concept actuel du droit du développement durable et sur l'idée que les sphères de l'économie et de la socio-politique devraient être subordonnées aux limites mondiales écologiques dont le dépassement assure un effondrement catastrophique écologique, économique et sociale. Des limites planétaires des champs d'activités humaines, complétées par d'autres principes et indices, sont à la base de la primauté du droit écologique. Les faiblesses du droit contemporain de l'environnement se révèlent dans les mesures tout à fait inefficaces qui ont été adoptées pour régler les problèmes environnementaux comme l'eutrophication, les pluies acides, les changements climatiques et l'appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone. Un énoncé de ces mesures est suivi d'une critique de l'architecture plus large du droit et des institutions qui sont en place actuellement pour faire face aux défis environnementaux mondiaux. L'approche actuelle pour intégrer le commerce international et la protection de l'environnement met en évidence l'échec de l'infrastructure de gouvernance mondiale en ce qui concerne le respect des limites écologiques pour les activités humaines. En réponse à l'inefficacité des mécanismes et des structures actuelles, dix caractéristiques de la primauté du droit écologique sont identifiés, ainsi que des éléments d'une structure institutionnelle pour les encadrer. Bien que la transition d'une économie dominée par l'obsession de la croissance économique à une économie fondée sur la primauté du droit écologique soit difficile à réaliser, l'Union européenne peut être un modèle structurel utile.
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Thachuk, Kimberley Lynn. "The contingency perspective : MNC-personal rule relationships in sub-Saharan Africa : the case of Lonrho". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28550.
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This thesis attempts to reveal the relationship between multinational corporations and the personally ruled states of sub-Saharan Africa. African politics are based on private power where individual loyalties and fear compliment a system of material incentives in replacing institutions of effective government. Because individuals in a position of power rather than being guided by rules of office are motivated by expediency and the pursuit of personal and factional aggrandizement, they must often be courted, cajoled, convinced, and even bribed to agree to circumstances or procedures that are generally institutionalized processes in many industrialized states.
Where effective rules for political behavior are lacking, it is difficult to predict with any accuracy in what circumstances and by what standards of conduct individuals will be governed. Thus, the most successful MNCs to operate in black Africa are generally those which are able to adapt their investment strategies readily and quickly to meet these probabilistic and changeable conditions.
The hypothesis of this thesis is that rather than being deterministic relationships as dependency theory suggests, MNC-Personal rule relations are non-zero-sum, apt to alter, and therefore, based on contingency. This thesis takes one step beyond dependency theory by revealing the factors of the MNC-personal rule relationship that make it unpredictable and contingent on the vissitudes of individual human interaction. Contingency theory seeks to account for these factors by describing such relationships as a "Tango" in which parties associate with one another, in order to advance their respective interests. This thesis presents the case of Lonrho corporation, and its President, Tiny Rowland thereby revealing contingency theory to be a plausible explanation for the nature of the MNC-personal rule relationship.
It is almost impossible to do business in black Africa without being attuned to politics; for in these states, politics is business. By having an uncanny ability to change strategies quickly, Rowland has demonstrated a keen perception of the nature of personal rule. Toward that end, he has expended great effort in cultivating private links and friendships with heads of state. The case of Lonrho illustrates that the inevitability of politics is the single most salient feature of commercial life in sub-Saharan Africa, and excellence at maintaining political contacts, the most important skill of successful companies.
This thesis is thus an alternate way of approaching a problem that has been dealt with by other more recognized theories. And while the evidence presented is not conclusive, it does provide a useful starting point for a better understanding of how such relationships function and in what circumstances they flourish or fail.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Durisotto, Paolo. "Traditional rule and modern conventions : the maharajahs of Bikaner and their relationship with the Raj, 1887-1947". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249679.
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Boumedouha, Said. "The Lebanese in Senegal : a history of the relationship between an immigrant community and its French and African rulers". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603511.
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The main aim of the thesis is to explore the evolution,of the Lebanese community in Senegal and the circumstances responsible for the expansion and contraction of its trade since the early immigrants arrived in Senegal. It is argued in this thesis that Lebanese trade has gone through several periods of contraction and expansion. These were caused largely by external factors, which then affected the internal dynamics of the community. The Senegalese mono-crop groundnut export economy experienced several crises during the colonial and post-colonial periods, and these had profound repercussions all groups living in Senegal. The French during the colonial period and the Senegalese during the post-colonial era both identified the Lebanese as scapegoats at times of crisis. Anti-Lebanese propaganda and measures always followed. Lebanese trade contracted in consequence and the community felt insecure because of the fear of possible mass expulsions_ During these difficult times the Lebanese maintained a strong sense of cohesion. When Senegal experienced a degree of economic prosperity, Lebanese trade flourished in consequence. Immigration increased substantially, especially during the colonial era, because it was not regarded as a source of great concern to other groups. Paradoxically, however, this did not help the community to preserve its cohesion. On the contrary, intra-Lebanese cleavages based on religious and political differences and personal rivalries, became rife.
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Handelsman, Jessica Belle. "The Relationships Between Individual Characteristics, Work Factors, and Emotional Labor Strategies in the Prediction of Burnout among Mental Health Service Providers". Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4064.
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Relatively few empirical studies in the professional burnout literature have examined mental health providers (MHPs). Research on other professional groups has demonstrated that certain emotion regulation strategies, known as emotional labor (i.e., deep acting and surface acting), are common responses to perceived display rules (i.e., professional guidelines for emotional expression), and are differentially associated with burnout. The present study aimed to fill a gap in the literature by evaluating the empirical links between work stressors (i.e., role conflict, role ambiguity, and lack of autonomy), personality (i.e., extraversion), emotional labor (i.e., surface acting and deep acting), and burnout in a sample of MHPs. Additional variables (i.e., perceived emotional display rules, client characteristics, etc.) were also explored. Data from an online survey of 188 MHPs working in Florida was analyzed using multivariate and univariate regressions. The results of this study supported several of the hypothesized relationships between predictor variables and burnout. Most notably, extraversion, role conflict, role ambiguity, autonomy, and surface acting were significantly associated with one or more dimensions of burnout. Support was not found for extraversion as a moderator of the relationships between work stressors and burnout or between work stressors and emotional labor strategies. The effects of emotional labor strategies as mediators of the relationships between work stressors and burnout were not statistically significant. Implications and limitations of the findings, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.
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Bustamante, Alarcón Reynaldo. "Constitutionalization of arbitration in Peru: some considerations around relationship among arbitration, Constitution, fundamental rights and Rule of law". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116732.
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This article point out the progressive enrichment by which fundamental rights concept have gone through, providing to holders—government and individuals— not only rights, liberties, powers and immunity but also the obligation to respect, defend, guarantee and promote all them regardless the conduct displayed by the holder in this field. With this in mind, the author examines arbitration definition and main characteristics, highlighting its constitutional dimension proposing a systematic reading in accordance with fundamental rights.El artículo toma como punto de partida el enriquecimiento progresivo por el que ha transitado la concepción de derechos fundamentales, que actualmente no solo implican el otorgamiento a sus titulares derechos, libertades, competencias e inmunidades sino que todos —Estado y particulares— estamos obligados a respetarlos, defenderlos, garantizarlos y promoverlos, independientemente de que su titular haya desplegado o no una conducta con ese propósito. A partir de ello, el autor analiza la definición y principales características del arbitraje, destacando su dimensión constitucional y proponiendo una lectura sistemática y en armonía con los derechos fundamentales.
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Abbott, Heather A. "Positional and Match Action Profiles of Elite Women’s Field Hockey Players in Relationship to the 2015 FIH Rule Changes". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3092.
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The objective of this dissertation was to examine the action profiles of elite field hockey players in relationship to the 2015 FIH rule change. The following are major findings of the dissertation: The following are major findings of the dissertation: Study 1 – Relative action profiles before the rule change revealed that defenders work at a lower meter per minute (m/min) when compared with all other positions, and that forwards, midfielders, and screens perform similar m/min during a game. Examination of pre rule change difference from the 1st to the 2nd half play showed that elite level field hockey players are able maintain high-intensity actions in zone 6 throughout the game by increasing actions in zones 1 and 2, and decreasing actions in zones 4 and 5. Study 2 – Action profiles after the rule formatting change revealed the team was unable to match the percent of distance covered in zones 4 and 5 during the 1st quarter all in subsequent quarters. The low intensity actions in zone 1 and 2 gradually increased, while m/min gradually declined. However the percent of distance covered in zone 6 showed no statistically significant change. When positional differences were examined forwards covered the greatest percent of distance in zones 5 and 6, followed by midfielders, screens, and defenders. This pattern varies for zone 4, within which the midfielders possesses the greatest percent distance covered. 3 Study 3 – Relative action profile comparisons for the team, pre to post the 2015 rule change did not indicate a significant change in zones 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. However zone 1 experience a statistically significant decrease. Positional analysis showed statistically significant changes for midfielders only. The changes were a decrease in zone 1, and increase in zone 5 and 6 during the first half of the game, and decrease in zone 1 and m/min during the second half of the game. A major focus of the US Women’s National Team is to develop the athletes’ physical capacity to maintain and repeat high intensity actions. The combination of physical preparation and tactical strategies allow the team to express high m/min and numerous high intensity actions throughout a match.
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Hodnett, Garth. "Ontology and the new being : the relationship between creation and redemption in the theology of Paul Tillich and A.A. van Ruler". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70078.
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Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2002ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation examines the relationship of ontology and soteriology - the classic problem of nature and grace. Paul Tillich and Arnold van Ruler have been chosen as the best representatives of the classical tradition of the reformation. It is seen that although there is a significant formal difference between the theologies of these two theologians, there is a material identity. The combination of these two perspectives, Tillich's philosophical theology with Van Ruler's more traditional Calvinistic theology, helps to shed more light on the subject. The first subject to be considered is the ontological background for understanding reality as a whole. This is discussed as the trinitarian-predestinarian-eschatological framework of ontology. Everything finds its possibility in the trinitarian being of God, its reality in the eternal decrees and its purpose in the eschatological will of God. Creation has become (morally, not ontologically) separated from God in the fall and therefore salvation is needed. Christology is a function of soteriology and is to be understood in terms of substitution. This salvation, gained in Christ, is expressed in us by the outpoured Holy Spirit according to the eschatological will of God. Pneumatology is to be related to, and distinguished from christology. We are not replaced by the Spirit, but taken into a relationship with God. This is to be understood in terms of the struggle of the Spirit with the flesh. The presence of the Spirit is kerygmatic, paradoxical, anticipatory and miraculous. There is an ambiguous and fragmentary realization of salvation in the Spirit. Proto logically and eschatologically there is an identity between culture (i.e. creation and history) and the kingdom of God. But in time and space there is a duality (not a dualism). This finds expression in the duality of church and state. The state is the kernel of culture and the church is the representative of the kingdom. The state is essentially the servant of God, and insofar as it orders life it is serving God. But it is separated from God and needs the church to call it back to its proper function. Where there is the duality of church and state in a nation, there is a theocratic situation. This leads to the Bible. That is a state where the Word is proclaimed and the state, because of its essential relationship to God, can understand this proclamation. In a theocracy there is a partial union of creation and salvation. Theocracy is a Spiritual reality. It is kerygmatic and paradoxical. It is not an ideal or an ethical system imposed on life. It has a conservative character as it stands in opposition to the demonic. As the document of God's struggle with the religious nationalism oflsrael, the Old Testament provides the paradigm for a theocracy. In this sense a christianized state is an incidental repetition - mutatis mutandis - of the nation ofIsrael. Eschatologically, the particularity of salvation is completely done away with. The incarnation and the outpouring are undone. Then there is only the triune God and the naked existence of creation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie proefskrif word ondersoek ingestel na die relasie tussen ontologie en soteriologie (respektiewelik: natuur en genade) met behulp van Paul Tillich en Arnold van Ruler as verteenwoordigers van die klassieke Reformatoriese tradisie. Dit blyk dat ten spyte van fonnele verskille tussen die teologiee van hierdie twee teolce, daar materieel groot ooreenstemming bestaan. 'n Kombinasie van Tillich se filosofiese teologie met Van Ruler se meer tradisioneel Calvinistiese benadering, werk verhelderend ten opsigte van die betrokke problematiek. Eers word die ontologiese agtergrond van die werklikheid as sodanig ondersoek. Dit word bestempel as die trinitaries-predestiaans-eskatologiese raamwerk van die ontologie. Die moontlikheid van alle bestaan rus in die trinitariese wese, die werklikheid daarvan in die ewige raad, en die doel daarvan in die eskatologiese wil van God. Die skepping het as gevolg van die val (moreel, nie ontologies nie) verwyder geraak van God en gevolglik is redding noodsaaklik. Christologie is 'n funksie van soteriologie en moet verstaan word in terme van plaasbekleding. Hierdie heil wat Christus bewerk het, kom tot gestalte in ons deur die uitstorting van die Heilige Gees in ooreenstemming met die eskatologiese wil van God. Pneumatologie staan in relasie tot christologie, maar moet terselfdertyd onderskei word van laasgenoemde. Ons word nie deur die Gees vervang nie, maar opgeneem in 'n verhouding met God. Dit moet verstaan word in terme van die stryd van die Gees teen die vlees. Die teenwoordigheid van die Gees is kerugmaties, paradoksaal, antisiperend en wonderbaar. Daar is 'n dubbelsinnige en fragmentariese realisering van die heil in die Gees. Hoewel protologies en eskatologies 'n identiteit bestaan tussen kultuur (d w s skepping en geskiedenis) en die koninkryk van God, vorm dit binne ruimte en tyd 'n dualiteit (nie dualisme nie). Dit kom tot uitdrukking in die dualiteit van kerk en staat. Die staat is die kern van die kultuur en die kerk die verteenwoordiger van die koninkryk. In wese is die staat die dienskneg van God en in soverre dit die lewe orden, staan dit in diens van God. Dit is egter vervreem van God en het die kerk nodig om dit terug te roep tot sy eintlike funksie. Waar daar 'n dualiteit bestaan van kerk en staat in 'n nasie, vind ons 'n teokratiese situasie. Dit is 'n staat met die Bybel, waar die Woord verkondig word en die staat a g v sy wesenlike verbouding tot God, die verkondiging kan verstaan. 'n Teokrasie is 'n Geestelike realiteit waarin daar reeds 'n gedeeltelike vereniging van skepping en heil plaasvind. Dit is kerugmaties en paradoksaal. Dit is nie 'n ideaal of 'n etiese sisteem wat die lewe opgele word nie. Dit het 'n konserverende karakter wat staan in opposisie tot die demoniese. Synde die dokument van God se worsteling met die religieuse nasionalisme van Israel, bied die Ou Testament die paradigma vir 'n teokrasie. In hierdie sin is die gekerstende staat 'n insidentele herhaling - mutatis mutandis - van Israel as nasie. Eskatologies verdwyn die besonderheid van die verlossing. Die inkamasie en die uitstorting van die Gees word ongedaan gemaak. Dan is daar aileen maar die drie-enige God en die naakte eksistensie.
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Berger, Christian, i Valerie Purth. "Feministische Rechtswissenschaft". Universität Leipzig, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15945.
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Feministische Rechtswissenschaft beschäftigt sich mit der Vergeschlechtlichung des Rechts und seiner Diskurse. Sie benennt und analysiert Ungleichheiten aufgrund des Geschlechts, die durch das Recht legitimiert oder hergestellt werden. Feministische Rechtswissenschaft setzt sich mit dem Potenzial von Recht als feministischem und emanzipatorischem Instrument auseinander. Anhand des ‚Dilemmas der Differenz‘ wird deutlich, wie ambivalent rechtliche Bemühungen um Gleichstellung ausfallen. Feministische Rechtswissenschaft knüpft an die Lebenswirklichkeiten von Frauen* an und ist in allen Rechtsgebieten – vom Verfassungsrecht über die Rechtsgeschichte bis hin zu Familien-, Arbeits- und Strafrecht – vertreten.
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Leung, Kwok-fai Tony. "Relationship between perceived autonomy and depression amongst the elderly living in residential homes". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19469986.
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Pépin, Guilhem. "The relationship between the kings of England and their role as dukes of Aquitaine and their Gascon subjects : forms, processes and substance of a dialogue (1275-1453)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670166.
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Foster, Sarah Catherine. "Trends in condom use the association in Malawi of condom use with AIDS knowledge and the relationship to the Global Gag Rule /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/450961648/viewonline.
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Prasad, Geeta. "To investigate the relationship between substrates of the N-end rule pathway and genes regulated by 'GCCGCC' cis-elements in Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33082/.
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The N-end rule pathway of targeted proteolysis is regulated by Group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVII’s). The aim of this research work was to analyse the relationship between substrates (ERFVII’s) of the N-end rule pathway and genes, which have promoters containing a double ‘GCCGCC’ Ethylene-Responsive Element Binding Protein (EBP) cis-element. Several genes were identified containing double EBP elements. Cloning and transformation of the promoters from five of these genes (PYL, ERD4, AT1G14810, AT3G13440 and AT5G44420) carrying two copies of the GCC-boxes present in the 5' UTR (5’ untranslated region) or promoter region was conducted into Arabidopsis wild-type (Col-0) and prt6-1 mutant plants. Expression driven by these promoters in the leaves and flowers of transgenic plants was analysed through GUS staining to reveal promoter activities. Enhanced promoter activity was seen in prt6-1 lines (mutated in the E3-ligase of the N-end rule pathway) in comparison to Col-0. Further, cDNA of leaves and flowers of Col-0 and prt6-1 were analysed by q-RT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) for expression of PYL7, ERD4, AT1G14810, AT3G13440; t-test analysis showed a significant difference (p-value<0.05) only in leaves of Col-0 and prt6-1 for PYL7. Analysis of the genetic relationship between N-end rule pathway and genes containing GCC-boxes was also performed by analysing double mutant combinations of prt6-1 and mutants of genes containing the EBP elements (pyl7prt6-1, erd4prt6-1 and abi5prt6-1) and Col-0 under different concentration of salt to determine the effect of stress due to salinity on the regulation of genes. At 125mM salt concentration significant difference was identified in highest number of mutant lines in comparison to Col-0. An analysis of the in-vivo binding of the ERFVII RAP2.3 to the promoter of GCC-boxes containing genes was performed through Chromatin Immuno-precipitation assay (ChIP). The t-test analysis on qChIP-PCR data indicated significant difference between IgG and HA-IPs for both ABI5 and PYL7 performed on normoxic 35S:MA-RAP2.3-HA in Col-0 line. Further, in-vivo localization of ERFVII’s HRE1 and RAP2.2 conditional stability was analysed using promERFVII’s:MC/MA-ERFVII’s-YFP constructs in Col-0 and prt6-1. This thesis suggests that genes PYL7, ERD4, AT1G14810, AT3G13440 that have double ‘GCCGCC’ EBP elements are downstream targets of the N-end rule pathway. Further analysis via ChIP suggests that RAP2.3 interacts with the ‘GCCGCC’ binding site of promoters in the ABI5 and PYL7 genes, however further work is needed to confirm this. Additionally, sub-cellular localization of promERFVII’s:MC/MA-ERFVII’s-YFP studies suggest the location of HRE1 and RAP2.2 in nuclei of early stage root tips studied on 4-days old etiolated seedlings.
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Gerber, Johannes Abraham. "A golden midway for a divided society? : the South African land reform project and its relationship with the rule of law and transformation". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49821.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa's history led to an unequal distribution in land ownership, which is not conducive to democratic consolidation. Land refortn is the means to address this problem. However, land reform, part of the larger process of transformation, is a potentially dangerous process: it can have negative implications on the rule of law. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the dynamic relationship between land reform, the rule of law and transformation in South Africa, within the debate on democratic consolidation. One can distinguish two paradigms regarding democracy: the liberal paradigm and the liberationist paradigm. These two paradigms have divergent views on the way land reform and transformation should be implemented, and what the goal of these two processes is. The liberal paradigm would seem to be more favourable for democratic consolidation, while the liberationist paradigm is a breeding ground for populist transformation. Furthermore, the negotiated constitutional settlement has left land reform with an ambiguity. On the one hand the constitution forces the govemment to address land reform, but on the other hand it firmly entrenches the private property rights by enforcing the 'willing buyer, willing seller' principle, which makes the process more costly and time consuming. The main hypothesis of this study is: Demographic indicators (race, party affiliation and provincial setting) influence support or rejection of the land reform policies of the South African govemment. Tbe dependent variable is 'support or rejection of the government's land reform policies'. Support for the govemment's land reform policies is indicative of the liberal paradigm and rejection of the govemment's policies is indicative of the liberationist paradigm. It is found that the majority of South Africans reject the govemment's land reform policies. However, strong divisions are evident. Respondents differ along racial, party affiliation and provincial lines. Thus, the liberationist paradigm dominates, but the liberal paradigm has a strong presence, creating an ideologically divided society. This means that the legitimacy of South Africa's land reform project, as well as the legitimacy of the constitution, is under stress. This does not bode well for democratic consolidation, as the rule of law is under severe threat. Thus, one can conclude that land reform is not going to make a positive contribution to the consolidation of South Africa's democracy, if a substantial financial injection is not found to increase the efficiency of the process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se geskiedenis het aanleiding gegee tot 'n ongelyke verspreiding van grondeienaarskap. Dit is nie gunstig vir demokratiese konsolidasie nie. Grondhervorming IS die mamer waarmee die probleem aangespreek kan word. Grondhervorming, deel van die groter proses van transformasie, is egter 'n potensieel gevaarlike proses: dit kan negatiewe implikasies vir regsoewereiniteit hê. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om 'n analise van die dinamiese wisselwerking tussen grondhervorming, regsoewereiniteit en transformasie te verskaf, binne die debat oor demokratiese konsolidasie. Daar kan aangaande demokrasie tussen twee paradigmas onderskei word: die liberale paradigma en die bevrydings (liberationist) paradigma. Hierdie twee paradigmas het teenstrydige perspektiewe oor die manier waarop grondhervorming, sowel as transformasie, geïmplementeer behoort te word, sowel as wat die doel van hierdie twee prosesse is. Die liberale paradigma is meer geskik vir demokratiese konsolidasie, terwyl die bevrydings paradigma 'n teelaarde vir populistiese transformasie is. Verder het die onderhandelde grondwetlike skikking grondhervorming in 'n teenstrydigheid geplaas. Aan die een kant vereis die grondwet dat die regering grondhervorming moet aanspreek, maar aan die anderkant bied dit 'n ferm onderskraging van private eiedomsreg deur op die 'gewillige koper, gewillige verkoper' beginsel aan te dring. Dit maak die grondhervormings proses langer en duurder. Die hoof hipotese van die studie is: Demografiese indikatore (ras, partyaffiliasie en provinsie) beïnvloed ondersteuning of verwerpmg van die regering se grondhervormingsbeleid. Die afhanklike veranderlike IS 'ondersteuning of verwerping van die regering se grondhervormingsbeleid '. Ondersteuning van die regering se grondhervormingsbeleid dui op die liberale paradigma, en die verwerping daarvan dui op die bevrydings paradigma. Daar word bevind dat die meerderheid Suid-Afrikaners die regenng se Respondente verskil volgens ras, partyaffiliasie en provinsie. Dus, die bevrydings paradigma domineer, maar die liberale paradigma het ook 'n sterk teenwoordigheid. Dit sorg vir 'n ideologies verdeelde samelewing. Dit beteken dat die legitimiteit van Suid-Afrika se grondhervormings projek, sowel as die legitimiteit van die grondwet, in gedrang is. Dit is nie 'n goeie teken vir demokratiese konsolidasie nie, aangesien dit regsoewereiniteit in die gedrang bring. Daarom kan daar tot die gevolg gekom word dat grondhervorming nie 'n positiewe bydrae ten opsigte van die konsolidasie van Suid-Afrikaanse demokrasie sal maak nie, tensy daar 'n beduidende finansiële inspuiting gevind kan word.
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Campbell, John Wesley. "John Owen's rule and guide a study in the relationship between the Word and the Spirit in the thought of Dr. John Owen /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Boulay, David Andrew. "An exploration of the relationships among organizational size, flexible work practices, training, and organizational performance using the 2002 National Organizations Survey". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1204546530.
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Cezula, Ntozakhe Simon. "Theocracy : reflections of the relationship between God and King in Samuel-Kings and Chronicles". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3479.
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Thesis (MDiv (Old and New Testament))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.One of the challenging questions for the religious people is whether theocracy is still relevant in a pluralistic society like the South African society. In this assignment I argue that theocracy is relevant for all times. It can just change form as the context changes to adapt to new circumstances. To test this assertion, this study concentrates on the study of Old Testament views regarding theocracy in different contexts. This is done by comparing the narratives of kings Saul, David, Solomon and Rehoboam as told by the Deuteronomist and the Chronicler. The focus is on how contextual influences are reflected in their telling of the stories of these kings and thereby also purport a certain form of theocracy befitting their particular contexts. The study then concludes that theocracy is relevant for all times but the change in context should be taken into consideration.
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Wang, Ya-ling, i 王雅玲. "Do Discussion Rules Matter? The Relationship Between Discussion Rules and Students’ Critical Thinking Performance in CSCL". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/khx7q6.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
數位學習與教育研究所
100
The study examined students’ critical thinking performance and interaction with peers in senior high school students’ computer-supported collaborative learning. MSCL (Multiple Strategy Collaborative Learning) system which provided three synchronous discussion patterns (“Free talk”, “Time-token” and “Take-turn”) was adopted. Quasi-experimental and content analysis methods were employed to code and categorize text messages to uncover students’ communication behavior. Collected data included transcripts of the group discussion messages and interview records, and students’ personal working sheets. Two classes of second-grade senior high school students in Taipei City were selected as the participants for this study. One of the classes was social study talented class, and the other is a normal class. Results showed that the groups in “Time-token” discussion pattern behaved more critical thinking behavior and got better grades on their personal working sheets. The qualitative data indicated that the common characters among the participants were lacking for group discussion experience, being interested in familiar issues, regarding peers’ ideas as similar, tending to ignore others’ different opinions, emphasizing on self-image, being scared of propose creative ideas and so on. The differences between the two classes included that the social study talented class consisted of more active learners so that their peer pressure enhanced the quality of discussion; on the contrary, the other one consisted of more inactive learners, as a result the peer pressure hindered them from enthusiastic discussion. Noteworthily, the latter class improved their discussion qualify and learning outcomes in the discussion pattern of “Time-token.” Finally, the social study talented class paid more attention to exchange opinions, and the other one discussed the issues almost only for the work sheets. However, it could be said that work sheets were functional to foster the students participating and thinking hard.
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Yeh, Yu-Chen, i 葉昱珍. "The Relationship between Word of Mouth and Consumer Decision Rules". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29985412927709666716.
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碩士中國文化大學
國際企業管理研究所
99
Consumer decision rules means that the way how consumer assess and choose the attribute of the goods, it can influences purchase behavior and decision. The objective of this study is to examine the word of mouth and consumer decision rules. With variety of selections, it is interesting to understand how most of the customers make their decisions in choosing places when dining out, it is widely accepted that the word of mouth or verbal communication is one of the most effective way to influence the customers’ purchasing decisions. This study used convenience sampling methods. The data of research is composed of the people who have had their meals at restaurants in two last weeks. 500 questionnaires are distributed and 299 valid questionnaires are returned. The 127 are non-effective samples. The response rate is 85.2%. The results of Logistic regression analysis indicate that after control of product familiarity, complexity and involvement, when the word of mouth are more positive, it will cause the consumer to use the compensatory. Managerial implications are discussed.
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Hsu, Zhan-Rong, i 許展榮. "Negative association rules analysis by considering substitution relationship between products". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47049497616591914695.
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碩士國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
93
Data mining is quickly developing since mass data are produced in the past century. Positive association rules have been extensively studied in the literature for their usefulness in many applications. Researches also find that it is very important on negative association rules, but few discuss about it. The GPN-algorithm in this paper focuses on negative association rules with a support-confidence framework and the strength of association. It also discusses about the substitution between two products. By using taxonomy tree obtains previously to prevent the association from mining irrelevant patterns from the transactions. The risk valuation measures are also used to identify representing knowledge for users. The experiment results show the explanations on purchasing behaviors of the customers from the real transactional database. Our contribution is offering a knowledge discovering on the substitution between products and find interesting information from real commercial activities.
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Chen, Chih-Wei, i 陳治維. "Mining Multi-relational Association Rules from Databases Based on Entity-Relationship Model". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82989243895052639832.
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碩士國立中正大學
資訊管理學系暨研究所
99
Data mining can raise potential business value for managers and it drives lots of research for automatic analysis. Since E-R model based relational databases have been widely used in firms, schools, and governments, it motivates us to develop a data mining algorithm to discover interesting patterns on multi-relational data. Hence, we define relational itemset as inter-itemset and propose three inter-itemsets mining algorithms which can search frequent relational itemsets without propositonalization. The proposed algorithms can avoid deviation problem, extreme horizontal and vertical data blow-up, and loss of important semantic entity-relationship information. A new support count measure which calculates number of key pairs in relationship is developed to express the actual relationship among entity tables and produce interesting patterns. The proposed algorithms can find various attributes in entity with cardinality of 1:1, 1: N, or M: N. For eliminating redundancies, the closure concept is introduced to find closed inter-itemsets. In order to search inter-itemsets on an E-R model based database, the rooted E-R tree is proposed to avoid cyclic paths in a graph scheme. In the experiments, three approaches are evaluated and compared with each others that running on a practical financial database. The E-R diagram of the database is transformed to five semantic connection paths. We also show inter-itemsets with different support values. Finally, the inter-itemsets of experimental results are used to generate association rules.