Rozprawy doktorskie: „Related products”

1

Malhi, B. S. "Synthetic studies related to natural products". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381529.

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Gardner, Bradley. "Italian Domination on Ladders and Related Products". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3509.

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An Italian dominating function on a graph $G = (V,E)$ is a function such that $f : V \to \{0,1,2\}$, and for each vertex $v \in V$ for which $f(v) = 0$, we have $\sum_{u\in N(v)}f(u) \geq 2$. The weight of an Italian dominating function is $f(V) = \sum_{v\in V(G)}f(v)$. The minimum weight of all such functions on a graph $G$ is called the Italian domination number of $G$. In this thesis, we will consider Italian domination in various types of products of a graph $G$ with the complete graph $K_2$. We will find the value of the Italian domination number for ladders, specific families of prisms, mobius ladders and related products including categorical products $G\times K_2$ and lexicographic products $G\cdot K_2$. Finally, we will conclude with open problems.

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3

Deshpande, N. R. "Studies in sequiterpenic lactones and related products". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Poona, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3897.

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4

Gill, Christopher C. "Tensor products, trivial source modules and related algebras". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543549.

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5

Cowe, H. J. de L. "Molecular studies of natural products and related compounds". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370758.

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Andrew, R. G. "Synthetic studies on aaptamine and related natural products". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383699.

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7

Camou-Arriola, Fernando Alberto Josue. "Structure determinations of natural products and related molecules". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184773.

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Structures were determined for 48 new natural products and several related compounds by NMR methods. One new natural product and two unnatural product structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. Molecular mechanics calculations on two indoles related to the neurotransmitter serotonin and on some synthetic cyclophanes were used to gain information about their preferred conformations. Considerable time is wasted redetermining the structures of known natural products when they are encountered in new sources. To help alleviate this problem, a database which searches on proton NMR chemical shifts was developed.

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8

Ko, Yuen-yi, i 高婉儀. "Synthetic studies of (-)-curcumol and its related natural products". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31245420.

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9

Hussain, Amjad. "The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds related to natural products". Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43039.

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The thesis relates to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds related to Natural Products. Chapter 1 deals with an introduction to hypervalent iodine reagents and their uses as phenolic oxidation reagents. The mechanism is also discussed. Chapter 2 concentrates on the production of 3-substituted phenols and the subsequent hypervalent iodine oxidation to see if a variety of chromenone compounds can be formed via intramolecular attack. Whilst not successful in generating the desired compounds, a number of oxidised products were isolated. Chapter 3 deals with making the 3-nucleophilic side chain on various phenols more rigid in the hope of aiding cyclisation. One reaction of note from this chapter was that an epoxide ring utilised, to give rigidity in the side chain, withstood the hypervalent iodine oxidation. Chapter 4 utilises the epoxide to bring rigidity to the 3-substituted side chain. All products bar one proved successful in generating their appropriate epoxychromenes, and that which didn't provided an alternative cyclised product. The final chapter deals with possible future work now that some success has been achieved.

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10

Liou, Ching-Pin. "The lattice approaches for pricing path-dependent mortgage-related products". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057678646.

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Wilsher, Nicola Elizabeth. "CYP1B1 bioactivation of novel anticancer prodrugs and related natural products". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4282.

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Wong, Po-yin. "Health supplement for aging and the related regulatory issues in Hong Kong an overview /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41712055.

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13

Kemp, Michael. "Modeling the fate of ozone-related by-products in distribution systems". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0025/MQ51608.pdf.

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14

Fenlon, Thomas. "Studies towards the biomimetic synthesis of (±)-lindenatriene and related natural products". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606391.

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The work described in this thesis is divided into two parts, both of which are related to the synthesis of lindenane sesquiterpenoid natural products. Shizukaol A 1, cycloshizukaol A 2 and trishizukaol A 3 represent three of many novellindenane bi-and trisesquiterpene natural products isolated from plants of the Chloranthus genus. Biologically, a number of monomeric and dimeric structures containing the lindenane skeleton have been shown to exhibit antitumor, hepatoprotective and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. It was proposed that the majority of dimeric and trimeric structures could be accessed biomimeticaUy from the as yet unisolated reactive intermediate lindenatriene 4, itself a possible biosynthetic oxidative product of lindenene 5, a natural product isolated from the taxonomically unrelated species Undera Strychnijolie. The first part of this project is concerned with the expedient total synthesis of (±)-lindenene 5 from Hagemann's ester 7 via a key intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction of diazoketone 6. Initial investigations into the cyclopropanation resulted in an unexpected sterochemical outcome, allowing the total synthesis of two diasteromers of (±)-lindenene 5: (±)-epi-lindenene and {±)-iso-lindenene. The total synthesis of (±)-lindenene 5 was finally achieved by the thermally induced olefin insertion of diazoketone 6, marking the first example of such an intramolecular cyclopropanation carried out in the absence of a transition metal catalyst, along with the first example of the synthesis of a lindenane natural product. The second part of the project describes the approaches towards the biomimetic conversion of {±)-lindenene 5 into {±)-l indenatriene 4. Model studies on the conversion of furans into decorated butenolide structures were then applied to lindenene systems with varying degrees of success. (±)-Undenene 5 was converted into several chlorantholactone natu ral products, postulated as biosynthetic oxidative intermediates en route to lindenatriene 4. Although lindenat riene 4 was not synthesised, valuable insight was gained into the reactivity of many of the butenolide intermediates, and future work in the area seems promising.

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15

Matters, Rebecca Frances. "Total synthesis of chrysophaentin F and approaches to related natural products". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422234/.

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The chrysophaentins are a new family of natural products first isolated from the marine algae Chrysophaeum taylori in 2010.1,2 They have been found to have strong antibiotic activity, particularly against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multiple drug resistant SA (MDRSA) and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF). Chrysophaentin A was identified as the most active member of the family with MIC50 values of 1.5 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.4 μg/mL against MRSA and MDRSA and 2.9 ± 0.8 μg/mL towards VREF, closely followed by chrysophaentins F and H. This thesis describes the total synthesis of chrysophaentin F and progress towards the synthesis of chrysophaentins A and E. The synthetic strategy described herein is designed to give access to all chrysophaentins with minimal modification. It takes advantage of common building blocks and symmetry elements present throughout the chrysophaentin family and uses these to proceed via related intermediates. It uses a variety of transition metal catalysed C-C and C-O bond forming reactions to conjoin these building blocks, including Cu-catalysed Chan-Evans-Lam couplings, Pd- and Ni-catalysed sp-sp3 couplings and a Mo-catalysed RCAM. Furthermore, a late-stage hydrozirconation is used to install the (E)-vinyl chloride groups present in the natural products. This has resulted in the total synthesis of chrysophaentin F as a 2:1 mixture with a regioisomer and the preparation of a protected derivative of chrysophaentin E. Significant progress towards chrysophaentin A is also described.

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16

Boye, Joyce Irene Ashami. "Thermodynamic and structural properties related to the gelation of whey proteins". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28994.

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The gelling characteristics of whey proteins is governed by factors which affect the structural properties of the protein. To understand this structure gelling relationship, the following factors were investigated; protein concentration, heating temperature and time, pH, NaCl and sugars. The effect of these factors on the molecular structure and gelatin properties of whey protein concentrate (WPC), $ beta$-lactoglobulin ($ beta$-lg), $ alpha$-lactalbumin ($ alpha$-lac) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, HPLC, mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that protein concentration affected textural properties without affecting the molecular structure of the whey proteins while heating temperature, pH and NaCl affected both molecular structure and the textural characteristics. NaCl and sugars increased the stability of whey proteins to thermal denaturation but decreased gel formation. $ beta$-lg formed an opaque gel at pH 3 and a translucent gel at pH 9; the peak temperature of denaturation was 84$ sp circ$C at pH 3 and 70$ sp circ$C at pH 9. At both acid and alkaline pH, denaturation of $ beta$-lg resulted in the formation of intermolecular $ beta$-sheet structures associated with aggregation. These $ beta$-sheet aggregate structures were also observed when $ alpha$-lac was heated at pH 3 and 5 but not at pH 7 and 9. At pH 7, heating $ alpha$-lac resulted in a loss of $ alpha$-helix, $3 sb{10}$-helix and $ beta$-sheet and an increase in turns. DSC showed two reversible transitions at 39.6$ sp circ$C (A) and 64.8$ sp circ$C (B). At pH 3, transition A was partially reversible (14%) while transition B was completely reversible. At pH 9, transitions A and B were completely irreversible and a translucent gel was formed. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed maximum stability to thermal denaturation at pH 5. Denaturation of BSA resulted in the loss of $

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17

Holmberg, Jakob. "The English and Swedish Languages’ Effect on Consumers’ Purchase Intention for Modernity-Related Products and Products Unrelated to Modernity". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71573.

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English is a global language which is associated with modernity and in advertising, English is used to associate products with modernity in the minds of the consumers. In non-English speaking countries, modernity-related products are more often advertised in English than products unrelated to modernity. Despite this, no previous research has proven that consumers’ purchase intention is higher for modernity-related products advertised in English compared to the same product advertised in the native language. Through an online-survey with a between-subject design a quantitative field experiment was conducted. It was found that consumers had a higher purchase intention for modernity-related products advertised in English compared to the same products advertised in Swedish and that consumers’ purchase intention was higher for products unrelated to modernity advertised in Swedish compared to the same products advertised in English.

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18

Zhang, Yanan. "Approaches to the total synthesis of the lamellarins and related natural products". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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19

Cao, Yang. "Short-chain chlorinated paraffins in cooking oil and related products from China". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217143.

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20

Bunford, Joanna. "The formation of calcium sulphoaluminate and related cements using industrial waste products". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322942.

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21

陸兆輝 i Shiu-fai Luk. "Analysis of ascorbic, sorbic and salicylic acid in food and related products". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207017.

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22

Baxter, Carl Antony. "Studies towards the total synthesis of neoliacinic acid and related natural products". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416294.

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23

Anderson, Robert Bruce. "Regional utilization of reusable pallets by the grocery and related products industry". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53671.

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Since 1960, pallet production has quadrupled, increasing the pallet industry's use of hardwood lumber from 14 percent to almost 50 percent of total hardwood lumber production. Part of this growth can be attributed to the grocery and related products industry, which should continue as a major growth area for pallet usage over the next decade. The general objective of this study is to provide information that can be used to understand the long-term potential and long-term trends in the grocery pallet market which relate to future regional timber demands by the pallet industry. Specific objectives are: (A) Provide information on current use of grocery pallets in the grocery distribution industry; (B) Provide theoretical framework for future analysis of the regional demand for grocery pallets; and (C) Provide information on demand for regional timber resources resulting from grocery pallet production within specified regions. Models are presented representing demand and supply in the grocery and related products and grocery pallet markets. In the grocery pallet model, demand for new grocery pallets is expressed as an 'excess demand' where demand for new grocery pallets equals the difference between aggregate supply of pallets to grocery distribution and available inventory of grocery pallets in the system. Inventory of grocery pallets in grocery distribution is expressed as a function of dollar volume of retail sales, based on application of a stock adjustment model for durable inputs. Consumption of grocery pallets by the grocery distribution industry is shown to be an important part in overall new pallet production even though the pallet used, 48"x40", only constitutes about 11 percent of total new pallet production in 1986. Estimates of national consumption of new grocery pallets in 1986 are broken down into regional estimates of new pallet consumption. Volume of wood raw material used in 1986 for production of grocery pallets is estimated to exceed 838 million board foot of wood raw material, or potentially 18 percent of total hardwood raw material consumed in production of all types of pallets. National trends effecting wood use in grocery distribution are considered. Specific regional trends effecting wood raw material use are not identified.
Ph. D.

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24

Luk, Shiu-fai. "Analysis of ascorbic, sorbic and salicylic acid in food and related products /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12263771.

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25

Jonsson, Fredrik. "Product Related Environmental Work in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Thailand, Developing and Manufacturing Electrical and Electronic Products". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8828.

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Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products are among other SMEs in the world meeting increasingly stringent legal and customer requirements related to environmental issues. Obstacles for the SMEs around the world to meet these requirements are almost the same in form of lack of knowledge, budget and resources. The differences between SMEs in Thailand and SMEs in the EU, Japan or even Korea are that these countries have been developed the eco-design concept and SMEs have been involved in eco-design activities for many years. This process and activities are new both for the SMEs and for the supporting institutes and organisations in Thailand. Thailand has just started to build up the infrastructure to support the SMEs to implement the eco-design concept and to work more with product related environmental issues. The focus right now for the SMEs in this research is to comply with the EU Directives, RoHS and WEEE, and this is where the main investments are made, e.g. in order to be able to export to the demanding EU market.

This research is investigating what kind of environment demands that SMEs in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products have on their products, how they handle these requirements and also what obstacles there are for implementing a more product related environmental concept, also known as eco-design, Design for the Environment (DfE), Green Design or Environmentally Oriented Design. A research in form of interviews and factory visits has been done with five different SMEs in Thailand. These five SMEs have also participated in the first official eco-design projects in Thailand with funding from the government in Thailand and also some from the EU. Interviews have been conducted with involved parties in these project such as institutes and experts provided by Universities. These interviews were made in order to get their opinion and experience about the present situation for SMEs in Thailand that develop and manufacture electrical and electronic products to work with product related green issues.

The research shows that these companies have the possibilities and conditions to work further on with the eco-design concept in the future. Their participation in the eco-design projects has been a good experience and there is evidence of strong support from the management and owners, environmental awareness, pro-active work and motivation among the companies. The obstacles are as mentioned above concerning lack of resources, knowledge and experience of how these environmental demands and requirements will affect the product development process. This lack of experience depends mostly on the fact that these eco-design projects are the first projects in this field for the companies. These five companies have now built up a fundamental knowledge but are still in need of further support. The communication between the SMEs and supporting parties are important and also one factor these five companies think is functioning well.

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26

Hatherley, Rowan. "Structural bioinformatics studies and tool development related to drug discovery". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020021.

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This thesis is divided into two distinct sections which can be combined under the broad umbrella of structural bioinformatics studies related to drug discovery. The first section involves the establishment of an online South African natural products database. Natural products (NPs) are chemical entities synthesised in nature and are unrivalled in their structural complexity, chemical diversity, and biological specificity, which has long made them crucial to the drug discovery process. South Africa is rich in both plant and marine biodiversity and a great deal of research has gone into isolating compounds from organisms found in this country. However, there is no official database containing this information, making it difficult to access for research purposes. This information was extracted manually from literature to create a database of South African natural products. In order to make the information accessible to the general research community, a website, named “SANCDB”, was built to enable compounds to be quickly and easily searched for and downloaded in a number of different chemical formats. The content of the database was assessed and compared to other established natural product databases. Currently, SANCDB is the only database of natural products in Africa with an online interface. The second section of the thesis was aimed at performing structural characterisation of proteins with the potential to be targeted for antimalarial drug therapy. This looked specifically at 1) The interactions between an exported heat shock protein (Hsp) from Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), PfHsp70-x and various host and exported parasite J proteins, as well as 2) The interface between PfHsp90 and the heat shock organising protein (PfHop). The PfHsp70-x:J protein study provided additional insight into how these two proteins potentially interact. Analysis of the PfHsp90:PfHop also provided a structural insight into the interaction interface between these two proteins and identified residues that could be targeted due to their contribution to the stability of the Hsp90:Hop binding complex and differences between parasite and human proteins. These studies inspired the development of a homology modelling tool, which can be used to assist researchers with homology modelling, while providing them with step-by-step control over the entire process. This thesis presents the establishment of a South African NP database and the development of a homology modelling tool, inspired by protein structural studies. When combined, these two applications have the potential to contribute greatly towards in silico drug discovery research.

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27

Niven, Catherine. "Evaluating Australian and US consumer product safety regulatory responses to hazardous children's products". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/203461/2/Catherine_Niven_Thesis.pdf.

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While there is evidence that unsafe children's products enter the Australian market, no research currently examines product safety regulatory responses to identify their frequency, type and nature. This study built, and then analysed, an extensive knowledge base of Australian and US product safety regulatory responses over the period 2011-17 to provide a more comprehensive understanding of hazardous children's products. This cross-disciplinary research then applied a public health approach to this unique empirical evidence to identify the need for further child product safety research and regulatory reform in Australia.

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黃寶賢 i Po-yin Wong. "Health supplement for aging and the related regulatory issues in Hong Kong: an overview". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41712055.

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Das, Sweta. "Quality issues related to apparel mechandising in South Africa". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1585.

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The objectives of this study are to develop an understanding of the quality related issues and gaps relevant to apparel merchandising within the South African context, with a specific focus on Fabric Objective Measurement, a relatively new technology and one which could fruitfully be applied in South Africa, but which appears to have been largely neglected to date. Fabric Objective Measurement (FOM) represents a new generation of instrumentally measured parameters which provide a more complete picture of fabric quality, tailorability and clothing performance. The two main FOM systems, FAST and Kawabata, are discussed under FOM in terms of their applications, control charts and their worldwide utilisation. A literature review has been done on the global clothing sector as well as South African clothing industry. The research involved a questionnaire survey of, and interviews with major clothing and retail companies in South Africa with a specific focus on the gap in the South African clothing industry in terms of FOM and other quality related issues. The data and information so captured are presented graphically, statistically analyzed and interpreted, to arrive at the main conclusions and recommendations. Trubok, Newcastle, the only company in South Africa utilizing FOM, was visited in order to obtain hands on experience with the FAST system as operated in a mill. Two different fabrics were tested and the control charts obtained were interpreted. According to the analysis of the questionnaires and interviews, various conclusions could be drawn. When benchmarking a product, quality emerged as the first criterion, 100 percent retailers and manufacturers agreed to this. Most respondents stated that their fabric and garment testing is mostly done in-house while other respondents stated that their fabric and garment testing is mostly done by their respective suppliers. The most commonly used outside laboratories are SGS and ITS. Merchandising and quality complement each other and with proper quality assessment the merchandising workflow becomes smooth, easy and timely delivery of products. All of the respondents (100 percent) supported this fact. Retailers and manufacturers agreed that quality and merchandising are related to each other and hence helping those in achieving product benchmarking (statistically significant at 95 percent confidence level). Retailers and manufacturers conduct fabric and garment tests on a regular/routine basis and mostly use knitted and woven fabrics in garment making. In addition to the above, the worldwide manufacturers and suppliers of the FAST and Kawabata systems were approached to obtain data and information about the number of such systems sold worldwide and their fields of application. This information was considered important in promoting FOM in South Africa. Only one manufacturer is presently using FAST for quality control purposes. Of the manufacturers and retailers covered, most of them were either unfamiliar or totally unaware of FOM and its application. This indicates that there is considerable scope for introducing this highly advanced technology into the textile and clothing manufacturing and retail pipeline in South Africa. Most of the manufacturers and retailers (50 percent) intend to introduce certain new tests in future. The tests that they are planning to introduce in future may include FAST, which is fairly simple, reliable and productive, as well as enhancing the quality of the garment. If used, FOM can improve the quality and competitiveness on the international level which is currently lacking in the South African clothing sector.

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Combes, Christian Daniel. "Analysis of proteolytic breakdown products in Emmentaler cheese and in a related model /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13571.

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31

Friedlander, Michael Arthur. "A robust non-time series approach for valuation of weather derivativesand related products". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47147234.

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32

Oates, Adam John. "The identification of metastasis-related gene products in a rodent mammary tumour model". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283448.

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Qu, Yi. "Routing products or people : single and multiobjective constrained shortest path and related problems". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/388122/.

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The aim of this thesis is to define, model and solve three research questions at the tactical and operational levels of decision making, the former arising in the context of intermodal service network design and the latter two in passenger transportation, by using integer programming, dynamic programming and heuristics. The first research question concerns intermodal freight transportation, which is concerned with the shipment of commodities from their origin to destination using combinations of transport modes. Traditional logistics models have concentrated on minimising transportation costs by appropriately determining the service network and the transportation routing. The first chapter considers an intermodal transportation problem with a detailed consideration of greenhouse gas emissions and intermodal transfers. Two mathematical models, one time-invariant and the other time-dependent, are described for the problem, which are both in the form of a non-linear integer programming formulation, but which are linearised. A hypothetical but realistic case study of the UK forms the test instances for our investigation, where uni-modal with multimodal transportation options are compared using a range of fixed costs. The second and third research questions concern the multiobjective shortest path problem (MSPP) and the constrained multiobjective shortest path problem (CMSPP), extensions of the classical shortest path problem, with a wide range of practical applications particularly in passenger transportation. The second and third research questions are studied in two different chapters. The first of these presents several labelling algorithms for the MSPP and the CMSPP. Extensive testing is performed on different types of networks, including randomly generated and grid networks. The results show that label correcting algorithms are more efficient than label setting algorithms for solving both the MSPP and the CMSPP. The second of these two chapters proposes two fast local search algorithms for the MSPP. Four performance indicators are used to evaluate the local search solutions. Computational results demonstrate that local search algorithms are faster than all heuristic methods for the MSPP presented in literature, and able to produce reasonably good-quality solutions.

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34

Thomson, Michael R. "Finiteness conditions of wreath products of semigroups and related properties of diagonal acts". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15117.

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The purpose of this thesis is to consider finite generation, finite presentability and related properties of restricted wreath products of semigroups. We show that the wreath product Awr B of two monoids is finitely generated if and only if A and B are finitely generated and the action by right multiplication on B of the group of units of B has only finitely many orbits. Also we show that the wreath product AwrB of two non-trivial monoids is finitely presented if and only if A is finitely presented and B is finite. The situation is more complicated in the case of the wreath product SewrT of two semigroups with respect to an idempotent e ε S. We give a complete characterization for finite generation in the case where T is finite. This result depends on the properties of the diagonal action of S on S x S. We also prove that if this action is not finitely generated, then SewrT (with S infinite and T finite) is finitely presented if and only if S x S is finitely presented and T is the direct product of a monoid and a left zero semigroup. In the case where T is infinite, we prove that S must be a monoid in order for SwrT to be finitely generated. We show that the finiteness properties of periodicity and local finiteness are preserved under the wreath product construction. We conclude the thesis with a systematic investigation into the properties of diagonal acts of semigroups, and make some interesting connections between diagonal acts and power semigroups.

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35

Borsato, Eros. "Analysis of the Water Footprint of Agriculture Products and the Related MItigation Strategies". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422719.

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Agriculture is the major player of human appropriation of water resources. About 70% of global freshwater withdrawals are used for irrigation to sustain global crop production. In fact, irrigated areas account for 18% of global croplands which contribute for 40% of global food production. In addition, the 40% of the global irrigation practice is unsustainable because it depletes environmental flows and/or groundwater stocks. In order to preserve the water resource, the European Water Framework Directive lead to an efficient use of freshwater and it gives guidelines to preserve the qualitative natural status of water bodies. To achieve this objective, the impact assessment needs suitable indicators to be computed. The use of an environmental indicator of water shortage can enhance better the decision-making process for water saving and leading a reduction on water stress from human activities. This thesis integrates the concept of the water footprint with other environmental indicators to analyse sustainability and comparing the related performance of different agricultural practices. The main objective of this thesis is to find solutions to mitigate the impact of agricultural crop production on water resource identifying best practices quantifying the water footprint and water-related indexes. To do that, we combined different indicators of water use improving a sustainability framework for different agricultural products and field management. The first step was to classify and making a clustered analysis of agricultural products identifying their specific environmental performance and their related water footprint. Then, the definition of a framework for sustainable water use in the agriculture sector was done, considering both environmental and economic aspect of sustainability. The second step focused on the definition of best agricultural practices for a sustainable water consumption comparing different soil and field management. Results were supported by different case studies that promoted innovative solutions to mitigate water footprint and the impact on water resource by improving the agricultural production system; this can be improved by encouraging awareness and sensitivity of farmers to some ecological initiatives.
L'agricoltura svolge un ruolo importante nello sfruttamento della risorsa idrica. Si pensi che circa il 70% del consumo di acqua a livello globale viene utilizzata per scopi agricoli, primo fra tutti l’irrigazione per la produzione di colture che potranno essere consumate sia per l’alimentazione umana, sia per quella zootecnica. A livello mondiale, le aree irrigate rappresentano circa il 18% del totale delle superfici coltivate, contribuendo per il 40% alla produzione mondiale di cibo. Se è pur vero che la pratica irrigua crea un beneficio all’agricoltura perché ne aumenta la produttività, è vero anche che a conti fatti circa il 40 per cento dell’acqua consumata a livello mondiale per scopi irrigui viene utilizzata in maniera del tutto insostenibile. Questo perché la sottrazione di volumi d’acqua all’ambiente comporta una riduzione dei deflussi ecologici e/o delle riserve d’acqua sotterranea, in particolar modo si pensi alle riserve di acqua fossile. La Direttiva Quadro sulle Acque (2000/CE/60) consente solo l’uso efficiente delle acque superficiali e di falda e fornisce delle raccomandazioni su come preservare lo stato naturale qualitativo dei corpi idrici. L'utilizzo di un indicatore ambientale, quale l’indicatore di impronta idrica, fornisce informazioni utili e volte a migliorare il processo decisionale per il risparmio idrico e a ridurre lo stress idrico causato dalle attività umane. L'obiettivo principale di questa tesi è quello di trovare soluzioni utili a mitigare l'impatto della produzione agricola sulla risorsa idrica individuando pratiche agronomiche più sostenibili. A tal fine, lo scopo generale dello studio è quello di integrare il concetto di impronta idrica con altri indicatori ambientali per confrontare le relative prestazioni di diversi processi agricoli valutando il loro grado di sostenibilità. Dapprima, si è cercato di classificare e raggruppare le famiglie dei prodotti agroalimentari in base alle loro specifiche prestazioni ambientali e la relativa impronta idrica per definire la sostenibilità della loro produzione e di conseguenza del loro consumo. Successivamente, è stato definito uno schema per lo studio della sostenibilità dell’uso dell’acqua in agricoltura, valutandone sia l'aspetto ambientale che quello economico. In secondo luogo, sono state individuate pratiche agricole che riducessero l’impronta idrica durante il processo produttivo e favorissero una maggiore salvaguardia della risorsa idrica. A supporto, diversi casi studio sono stati analizzati per valutare diverse gestioni del suolo, delle fasi agronomiche in campo e del consumo di acqua con maggiore attenzione alla pratica irrigua. Le soluzioni fornite attraverso i risultati della tesi sostengono soluzioni innovative per mitigare l'impronta idrica e l'impatto dell’attività agricola sulla risorsa idrica. Questo può ancora essere migliorato ed incentivato promuovendo la sensibilizzazione degli agricoltori alla gestione sostenibile dell’agro-ambiente e incoraggiando il mercato alimentare a premiare tali iniziative ecologiche.

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36

Haval, K. P. "Synthesis of natural and unnatural dialkyl substituted maleic unhydrides and related natural products". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2008. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2709.

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37

Kumar, Akhil. "Budget-Related Prediction Models in the Business Environment with Special Reference to Spot Price Predictions". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331533/.

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The purpose of this research is to study and improve decision accuracy in the real world. Spot price prediction of petroleum products, in a budgeting context, is the task chosen to study prediction accuracy. Prediction accuracy of executives in a multinational oil company is examined. The Brunswik Lens Model framework is used to evaluate prediction accuracy. Predictions of the individuals, the composite group (mathematical average of the individuals), the interacting group, and the environmental model were compared. Predictions of the individuals were obtained through a laboratory experiment in which experts were used as subjects. The subjects were required to make spot price predictions for two petroleum products. Eight predictor variables that were actually used by the subjects in real-world predictions were elicited through an interview process. Data for a 15 month period were used to construct 31 cases for each of the two products. Prediction accuracy was evaluated by comparing predictions with the actual spot prices. Predictions of the composite group were obtained by averaging the predictions of the individuals. Interacting group predictions were obtained ex post from the company's records. The study found the interacting group to be the least accurate. The implication of this finding is that even though an interacting group may be desirable for information synthesis, evaluation, or working toward group consensus, it is undesirable if prediction accuracy is critical. The accuracy of the environmental model was found to be the highest. This suggests that apart from random error, misweighting of cues by individuals and groups affects prediction accuracy. Another implication of this study is that the environmental model can also be used as an additional input in the prediction process to improve accuracy.

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38

Hoosain, Nisreen. "Molecular detection and study of Campylobacter and related microorganisms". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9449_1342787170.

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Species of Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter have been associated with various diseases in humans and animals
and chickens have been identified as a reservoir of these microorganisms. Two published techniques and a new technique, developed in this dissertation, were evaluated to test its efficiency in removing PCR inhibitors from chicken samples. All of the techniques were based on agarose/DNA slants and were evaluated using multiplex PCR and an Internal Amplification Control. The new technique was found to be most effective and consequently used further in the study. A novel study was done to evaluate the survival of Campylobacter, Arcobacter and Helicobacter strains in chicken blood at -20, 4, 37 and 42º
C as well as at ambient room temperature (±
22º
C). It was found that all strains could survive at all temperatures, albeit at different duration times. Most notably, an A. butzleri strain was able to survive at 4oC for up to 297 days.

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39

Edin, Malin. "Persuasive Advertising : Consumers' views of and responses to the advertising of health-related products". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18260.

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The problem that this thesis deals with is that the intense competition and increasing consumer power in the health industry calls for the operating companies to take consumers’ considerations into account when advertising their products. It is further suggested that consumers will be extra careful before buying health-related products due to their direct effect on their personal health. Thus, companies selling health-related products must gain an understanding of how consumers form their judgments of the advertisements for the same in order to be able to create persuasive and thus effective advertisements. The purpose of this thesis is to understand consumers’ views of different persuasion strategies used for advertising health-related products and how these affect their willingness to purchase the advertised product. This will be done as a means to provide the concerned companies with a basis for how to create positively perceived, yet effective, advertisements. In order to fulfill the purpose of this thesis a qualitative study was conducted through the use of focus groups. During the focus groups the participants were, among other things, encouraged to discuss their views of three different advertisements for health-related products. Each advertisement represented one persuasion strategy used in the advertising of health-related products. The gathered data was interpreted and analyzed by comparing it with theories from previous research. The study shows that consumers require extensive information and strong evidence behind the arguments provided in advertisements for health-related products. Advertisements that communicate consequences that correspond to consumers’ existing beliefs are likely to be positively perceived. Conversely, if the communicated consequences contradict consumers’ beliefs their responses are likely to be negative. Consumers that are more informed in regards to the products are more likely to critically judge the advertisements for the same. The likelihood that consumers’ attitudes will be reflected in their behavior increases along with the strength of their attitudes.

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40

Cebak, John. "MITOCHONDRIAL AND NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PHENELZINE RELATED TO SCAVENGING OF NEUROTOXIC LIPID PEROXIDATION PRODUCTS". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/neurobio_etds/12.

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Lipid peroxidation is a key contributor to the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traditional antioxidant therapies are intended to scavenge the free radicals responsible for either the initiation or propagation of lipid peroxidation (LP). However, targeting free radicals after TBI is difficult as they rapidly react with other cellular macromolecules, and thus has a limited post-injury time window in which they may be intercepted by a radical scavenging agent. In contrast, our laboratory has begun testing an antioxidant approach that scavenges the final stages of LP i.e. formation of carbonyl-containing breakdown products. By scavenging breakdown products such as the highly reactive and neurotoxic aldehydes (often referred to as “carbonyls”) 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and acrolein (ACR), we are able to prevent the covalent modification of cellular proteins that are largely responsible for posttraumatic neurodegeneration. Without intervention, carbonyl additions render cellular proteins non-functional which initiates the loss of ionic homeostasis, mitochondrial failure, and subsequent neuronal death. Phenelzine (PZ) is an FDA-approved monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor traditionally used for the treatment of depression. Phenelzine also possesses a hydrazine functional group capable of covalently binding neurotoxic carbonyls. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that carbonyl scavenging with PZ will exert an antioxidant neuroprotective effect in the traumatically injured rat brain mechanistically related to PZ’s hydrazine moiety reacting with the lipid peroxidation (LP)-derived reactive aldehydes 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and acrolein (ACR). Data from our ex vivo experiments demonstrate that the exogenous application of 4-HNE or ACR significantly reduced respiratory function and increased markers of oxidative damage in isolated non-injured rat cortical mitochondria, whereas PZ pre-treatment significantly prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative modification of mitochondrial proteins in a concentration-related manner. Additionally, PZ’s neuroprotective scavenging mechanism was confirmed to require the presence of a hydrazine moiety based on experiments with a structurally similar MAO inhibitor, pargyline, which lacks the hydrazine group and did not protect the isolated mitochondria from 4-HNE and ACR. Our in vivo work demonstrates that subcutaneous injections of PZ following TBI in the rat are able to significantly protect brain mitochondrial respiratory function, decrease markers of oxidative damage, protect mitochondrial calcium buffering capacity, and increase cortical tissue sparing without decreasing neuronal cytoskeletal spectrin degradation. These results confirm that PZ is capable of protecting mitochondrial function and providing neuroprotection after experimental TBI related to scavenging of neurotoxic LP degradation products.

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41

Clayton, Barry Timothy Marr. "The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of some food related products / Barry Timothy Marr Clayton". Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1620.

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The sc-CO2 extraction of annato pigment from seed, piperine from black pepper corns and caffeine from coffee beans was shown to be feasible, yielding extracts comparable to those obtainable by solvent extraction. A principal feature of the investigation was that it revealed the contribution of quite a few variables not normally considered to have a major influence on sc-CO2 botanical extraction. One of these is the natural moisture and light oil content of the plant material that act like internal cosolvents influencing the solvent characteristics of sc- CO2 in a similar way as an added external cosolvent adjusts the polarity of the fluid. The extraction data were processed by linear regression analysis and goal seek statistics available in a commercial software package. It offered the possibility to predict the outcome of an extraction for a moderate change in one parameter while all others are kept constant. The regression fit, however, was not based on real process modelling but rather on an algebraic summation of the contribution of different variables, thus preventing statistical weighting to be applied to the different parameters. The extractions were performed on both micro and pilot plant scale and thereby demonstrated the ability to upscale supercritical work. The mechanism of botanical extraction by sc-CO2 was shown to be principally governed by dissolution of a desired substance by virtue' of the density and thus the solvent strength of the fluid and by the magnitude of the corresponding activation energy. This suggests that the extraction process is chemical in nature.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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42

RONCOLINI, ANDREA. "Microbial aspects related to edible insects and development of new insect-based food products". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/273677.

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La FAO ha dichiarato che la popolazione umana è in continua crescita e raggiungerà i 9 miliardi nel 2050, provocando un aumento della domanda di cibo, in particolare di fonti proteiche, che si tradurrà in effetti negativi per l’ambiente. Una possibile soluzione potrebbe essere rappresentata dal consumo di insetti edibili: inannzitutto, per la sostenibilità ambientale legata al loro allevamento, ma anche per il loro contenuto in aminoacidi essenziali, acidi grassi insaturi, minerali, vitamine e fibre. Nel 2015, gli insetti sono stati classificati come “novel food” con il Regolamento No 2015/2283. Nello stesso anno, l’EFSA ha sottolineato la necessità di ottenere maggiori informazioni sugli insetti per definirne il rischio microbiologico e chimico. In questo contesto la presente tesi di Dottorato ha avuto lo scopo di studiare il microbiota associato agli insetti edibili per ottenere informaziori riguardo un loro possibile consumo alimentare. Inoltre, data la loro capacità di agire come serbatoio di geni trasferibili di antibiotico resistenza, che possono essere anche portati da patogeni, parte della ricerca è stata focalizzata sulla presenza di tali geni in campioni di insetto. In breve, è stata riscontrata la presenza di microorganismi commensali, agenti di deterioramento e patogeni ed anche di geni trasferibili di antibiotico resistenza. I risultati ottenuti hanno evidenziato l’influenza di vari fattori tra cui specie di insetto, substrato di crescita, condizioni di allevamento. Infine, per superare lo scetticismo dei consumatori riguardo agli insetti edibili, sono stati ottenuti prodotti in cui la presenza degli insetti è stata mascherata. I campioni prodotti sono stati sottoposti ad analisi microbiologiche, tecnologiche e sensorali per valutarne l’applicabilità. I risultati hanno sottolineato la presenza di batteri sporigeni e l’effetto delle diverse specie di insetto sui parametri tecnologici e sull’accettabilità dei consumatori.
FAO declared that human population is worldwide increasingly growing and in 2050 it will reach 9 billion people. The consequent increase in food demand, and in particular, in proteins will cause several negative effects on the environment due to the intensive animal farming. In this scenario, a potential solution is represented by edible insects. First of all, their rearing is characterized by a higher environmental sustainability than livestock. Moreover, they are a nutritious food especially in terms of essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, vitamins and fibre. In the European Union, insects were defined as “novel food” by the Regulation (EU) No 2015/2283. In the same year, EFSA requested further research to better assess microbiological and chemical risks related to edible insects. In this context, the present PhD. thesis was aimed to investigate about edible insects microbiota to collect information about their feasibility as food. Furthermore, since they can act as reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance genes which can even be carried by pathogens, part of the research was focused on the occurrence of such genes in edible insects samples. Briefly, results showed the presence of commensal, spoilage and potential pathogen agents and the occurrence of transferable resistance genes. Interestingly, data highlighted the influence of insect species, growth substrate, rearing and environmental conditions. Finally, to overcome consumers scepticism generated by insects consumption as food, the development of insect-based food products where insects are invisible was assessed. To get information about the feasibility of these products, microbiological, technological and sensory analysis were performed. In a few words, the presence of spore-forming bacteria was detected in each bread and in the rusks. Moreover a different insect powder effect on the technological parameters of bread and on the consumers appreciation was observed.

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43

Das, P. "Antimalarial natural product cladosporin: synthesis of stereoisomeric library, lead optimization, co-crystallization, and biological evaluation and synthesis of related macrocyclic natural products". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, 2021. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/5984.

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The work incorporated in this thesis is mainly focused on “Medicinal chemistry” and “Total synthesis”. Herein we have developed a unique and divergent synthetic scheme to access all the possible stereoisomers of a potent anti-malarial natural product, cladosporin and assessed their inhibitory potency through parasite-, enzyme- and cell-based assays. Based on the scores from biological assays, we categorized the entire set of stereoisomers in to three different potency classes, two of them (including cladosporin) being the most potent ones. X-ray diffraction study of co-crystals of the stereoisomers with target protein, PfKRS further gave an insight about the structural bases of enzymatic binding of the isomers. This exercise collectively helped us to decipher the role of stereochemical modifications on anti-malarial potency of cladosporin. Natural products are mostly procured in substantial low quantities from natural sources, which often hinders, and sometimes, even eliminates the possibility of in depth biological assessment (mainly in vivo). Hence, we adopted a modified synthetic protocol to access more than two grams of cladosporin in a single batch process. Besides, the scheme adopted herein is amenable to further scale-up. In the later part of this work, we have studied a systematic structure activity relationship (SAR) of a library of analogues, designed and synthesized based on cladosporin scaffold in anti-malarial potency through parasite-, enzyme- and cell-based assays. In this effort, we identified a lead compound (CL-2) having similar potency to that of cladosporin, but with improved drug-like properties (increased metabolic stability and hydrophilicity). Besides, the co-crystal structure of the most active compound (CL-2) with target protein PfKRS reveals new features of enzyme drug interactions. Lastly, we have accomplished the total synthesis of three bio-active twelve membered resorcyclic acid lactones (RAL12) namely (R)-penicimenolide A, (R)-dihydroresorcyclide and (R)-trans-resorcyclide. These natural products bear an interesting structural compliance with cladosporin.
AcSIR

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44

Jonas, Altouise Glowdean. "The influence of persons and marketing related variables on consumers purchasing of environmentally-friendly products". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011098.

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The human environment is under serious threat as natural resources such as air, water and forests are being overused. Worldwide, people have become more aware of the threatening situation and consequently many more individuals are showing concern for the environment. Often this concern is not displayed in consumers’ purchasing behaviour, as consumers who claim to be concerned about the environment are not necessarily consuming or showing a preference for environmentally–friendly products. This study examined two sets of variables, namely, person related and marketing related factors, and determined the extent to which these factors influence consumers’ behaviour when buying environmentallyfriendly products. The empirical data was collected by means of a survey, using self-administered questionnaires distributed to adult employed consumers residing in Port Elizabeth. Two hundred usable questionnaires were received. Three person related factors, namely, norms, environmental concern and environmental knowledge, and four marketing related factors, namely, price, product, place and promotion - were found to influence respondents’ behaviour when purchasing environmentally-friendly products. Environmental concern explained the largest portion of variation in purchase behaviour, while promotion explained the smallest portion of variation. Significant differences in the influence of age were found for norms, nvironmental concern, environmental knowledge and price. It is recommended that suppliers of environmentally-friendly products should ensure that these products are located at outlets which are convenient to consumers; more should be done by the relevant stakeholders to increase environmental knowledge and educate South Africans about the benefits of leading a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle; marketers find more innovative methods to convince consumers to act on their environmental concern; further attempts be made to minimise the price difference between environmentally-friendly products and traditional products; marketers should pay more attention to advertisements promoting environmentally-friendly products to ensure that these appeal to their target markets; and the performance of environmentally-friendly products should be on a par with the performance of traditional products.

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45

O'Neill, J. B. "The role of advanced lipoxidation end-products in age-related retinal pigmant epithelium (RPE) dysfunction". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501391.

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46

Mandeville, Sylvain. "Extraction and identification of Maillard reaction precursors from shrimp and GCMS investigation of related Maillard model systems". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41704.

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Proximate analysis of the commercial shrimp meat waste samples indicated the presence of 94.6% protein and 4.2% fat on a dry basis. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 17 amino acids (proline most abundant) and 7 sugars (ribose being the most abundant). The changes in the concentration of the amino acids and sugars after heat treatment, are explained based on their interaction through the Maillard reaction and by the thermal hydrolysis of proteins and polysaccharides present in tissue. Carotenoid pigments ($ beta$-carotene, canthaxanthin, astacene, and astaxanthin monopalmitate) were extracted and separated by thick layer chromatography. Their structures were identified tentatively by thick layer chromatography (TLC) and subsequently confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Lipids were separated and categorized into glycerides, sterols, and phospholipids by thin layer chromatography while flavor-active components were extracted by different organic solvents into acidic, basic, and neutral fractions and their sensory properties determined. The flavor profile of the raw and cooked shrimp meat waste revealed the presence of 59 compounds in raw shrimp compared to 44 in cooked. The components identified were of different functional groups, including fatty acid esters, long chain alcohols, aldehydes, ketanes and hydrocarbons. Many fractions provided desirable aroma (nutty, fruity, floral, green woody, meaty) indicating the presence of important flavor compounds in the commercial shrimp waste.
Model studies were carried out under different experimental conditions (water content, pH), to observe the influence of these parameters on the formation of Maillard reaction products. Furthermore, a comparative study between direct injection of the aqueous solutions and its organic extracts was conducted. The direct injection of aqueous solutions revealed the presence of many water soluble components that were not detected by organic solvent extraction such as droserone and 3,9-diazatricyclo$ lbrack7.3.0.0 sp{*}.3 sp{*}.7 sp{ *} rbrack$-dodecan-2,8-dione while maltoxazine and acetanilide are example of compounds identified only in the dichloromethane extracts. Results also demonstrated that monosaccharides affected the yield of the compounds produced whereas the amino acids influenced the sensory properties of these models. Fructose and ribose were found to be the most reactive sugars in their respective categories. Thiazoles were found to be more water soluble whereas $ beta$-carbolines were more abundant in the organic extracts. The influence of water content was investigated in model systems containing fructose or glucose. It was found that water free systems decreased the yield of pyrazines and thiazoles while the formation of pyrrole and pyridine derivatives increased under dry heating conditions. The formation of Maillard reaction products were studied under different pH conditions in order to assess the effect of pH on the formation of heterocyclic compounds. Pyrazine and furan derivatives were the most affected by pH and alanine was found to be a better nitrogen source than lysine in the formation of pyrazines under different pH conditions. Finally, based on energy minimization studies using MM2 force field, a plausible mechanism was proposed for the formation of maltol in Maillard model systems.

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47

Inuki, Shinsuke. "Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of Allenes and Related Compounds". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142485.

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48

Kemp, Stephen Charles. "Metal-oxo and metal-carbene reagents : applications in the synthesis of natural products and related structures". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438692.

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49

Chun-Yen, Lin, i 林君諺. "Inventory Management of Fashion-Related Products". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63626840363079966783.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
88
Traditional analysis for determining inventory levels assumes constant or normally distributed demand over the period of analysis, which is not suitable for products of short life-cycles as commonly found in fashion-related products. This article utilizes a logistic growth function and a logistic substitution function to model the growth, saturation, and decline of such products with varying yet dependent demands, and use Raymend Pearl’s The three point Method to get logistic model’s parameters .At the same time, the article differentiate the procedure depend on reorder time into two parts, continuous and discontinuous . In analysis of continuous, the article utilizes EOQ, Silver-Meal and Least Unit Cost Method to solve the total cost, times of reorder and the amount of each batch and to compare with each other. In discontinuous, The Wanger-Whitin Method and Silver-Meal to solve the total cost, times of reorder and the amount of each batch and to compare with each other. At last, this article can get some results and proposal to forecast the time of each reorder point and the minimum total cost of the fashion-related products.

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50

Lin, Yung-Heng, i 林永衡. "The Analysis of TRF, DKO and Related Products". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92062256982032217386.

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碩士
東海大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
104
In this study, by H bank TRF, DKO commodity trading and related cases, discusses the more common practice seven commodity patterns to analyze the issuer and the investor's motivation and suitability, and finally to review the existing financial system and by competent authorities stance and attitude. The study found that only the plain vanilla foreign exchange option is safe haven trades , the rest are non-safe haven trade; the (knock-out , KO) products cases and the (AKO) products case that the contract can quickly reach contract failure. the (strangle) products case that the exchange rate will fluctuate in a certain area. the (DKO) products case, in addition to beginning to charged premium, and difference delivery income or contract failure. the (pivot TRF) products case and the (TRF) products complex cases belong to high-risk (TRF) products, the difference in (PIVOT TRF) investors believe that the exchange rate will fluctuate within a certain range and can be quickly accumulated profits in the short term, and that the future belongs to TRF trend should be with its expectations consistent, and the cumulative profits in the short term and fast let to contract failure. TRF, DKO and related products storm, the largest proportion of CNH TRF and CNH DKO commodities, primarily due to the impact of CNH fluctuations, Mainly speculative operations, assuming that the future exchange rate movements not as good as than expected , risks arising will be difficult to estimate, the banking will Consequential damage .After the incident ,in the strong involvement of the competent authority, and called for strengthening the implementation of KYC, KYP and strict control, assuming that the government take too strict ban policy or controlled, will lead to capital flight to Hong Kong, Singapore and other neighboring countries to trade. Therefore, the financial authorities should not affect the freedom of financial development; the specifications for the relevant TRF controls derivative financial products should be more perfect, so that our financial market is more mature, be based on the international level.

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