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Baczkowski, Bartlomiej Jan. "Steel fibre reinforced concrete coupling beams /". View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20BACZKO.
Pełny tekst źródłaChang, Peter. "Fracture characteristics of reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65925.
Pełny tekst źródłaGhavam-Shahidy, Hamid. "Lightweight aggregate reinforced concrete deep beams". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503556.
Pełny tekst źródłaChana, Palvinder Singh. "Shear failure of reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282869.
Pełny tekst źródłaFang, Libin. "Shear enhancement in reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25113.
Pełny tekst źródłaGreen, Jeremy Robert, i Jeremy Robert Green. "Behaviour of reinforced concrete deep beams". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23219.
Pełny tekst źródłaBarris, Peña Cristina. "Serviceability behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7772.
Pełny tekst źródłaSe presentan los aspectos principales que influyen en los estados límites de servicio: tensiones de los materiales, ancho máximo de fisura y flecha máxima permitida. Se presenta una metodología para el diseño de dichos elementos bajo las condiciones de servicio. El procedimiento presentado permite optimizar las dimensiones de la sección respecto a metodologías más generales.
Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have emerged as an alternative to steel for reinforced concrete (RC) elements in aggressive environments due to their non-corrosive properties. This study investigates the short-term serviceability behaviour of FRP RC beams through theoretical and experimental analysis. Twenty-six RC beams reinforced with glass-FRP (GFRP) and one steel RC beam are tested under four-point loading. The experimental results are discussed and compared to some of the most representative prediction models of deflections and cracking for steel and FRP RC finding that prediction models generally provide adequate values up to the service load. Additionally, cracked section analysis (CSA) is used to analyse the flexural behaviour of the specimens until failure. CSA estimates the ultimate load with accuracy, but it underestimates the experimental deflection beyond the service load level. This increment is mainly attributed in this work to shear induced deflection and it is experimentally calculated.
A discussion on the main aspects of the SLS of FRP RC is introduced: the stresses in materials, maximum crack width and the allowable deflection. A methodology for the design of FRP RC at the serviceability requirements is presented, which allows optimizing the overall depth of the element with respect to more generalised methodologies.
Lam, Wai-yin. "Plate-reinforced composite coupling beams experimental and numerical studies /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37311797.
Pełny tekst źródłaSvecová, Dagmar. "Behaviour of concrete beams reinforced withFRP prestressed concrete prisms". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/NQ42809.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBall, Ryan. "Experimental analysis of composite reinforced concrete beams". Ohio : Ohio University, 1998. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177002341.
Pełny tekst źródłaAl-Azzawi, Bakr. "Fatigue of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with ultra-high performance fibre- reinforced concrete". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/108101/.
Pełny tekst źródła趙作周 i Zuozhou Zhao. "Nonlinear behaviour of reinforced concrete coupling beams". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243927.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhao, Zuozhou. "Nonlinear behaviour of reinforced concrete coupling beams /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23589395.
Pełny tekst źródłaYapa, Hiran Deshantha. "Optimum shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265518.
Pełny tekst źródłaFazio, Robert. "Flexural behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29592.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSokolov, Aleksandr. "Tension stiffening model for reinforced concrete beams". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100803_110628-45999.
Pełny tekst źródłaGelžbetonis yra kompozitinė medžiaga, kurios komponentai yra betonas ir plieninė armatūra. Kaip žinoma, betono stipris tempiant yra 10-20 kartų mažesnis nei stipris gniuždant. Atrodytų, kad tempiamojo betono įtaka, atlaikant įrąžas skerspjūvyje, yra nereikšminga. Iš tiesų, nustatant lenkiamųjų elementų stiprumą normaliniame pjūvyje, tempiamo betono įtempių galima nevertinti. Kita vertus, skaičiuojant įlinkius, neįvertinus tempiamojo betono įtakos, gali būti daroma didesnė nei 100 % paklaida. Adekvatus supleišėjusio tempiamojo betono įtakos įvertinimas, nustatant trumpalaike apkrova veikiamų gelžbetoninių elementų deformacijas, yra bene svarbiausia ir sudėtingiausia problema. Plyšio vietoje betonas negali atlaikyti tempimo įtempių, todėl visą įrąžą atlaiko armatūra. Kadangi plyšyje ir gretimuose pjūviuose armatūra praslysta betono atžvilgiu, kontakto zonoje atsiranda tangentiniai įtempiai. Šie įtempiai perduodami betonui, todėl jis atlaiko tempimo įtempius. Armatūros ir betono sąveika ruožuose tarp plyšių standina gelžbetoninį elementą. Supleišėjusio betono gebėjimas atlaikyti tempimo įtempius vadinama tempimo sustandėjimu (angl. tension stiffening). Šis efektas dažniausiai modeliuojamas supleišėjusio betono įtempių ir deformacijų diagrama, taikant vidutinių plyšių koncepciją. Tuomet neatsižvelgiama į diskrečius plyšius, o supleišėjęs betonas traktuojamas kaip ortotropinė medžiaga su pakitusiomis savybėmis. Dauguma tempimo sustandėjimo modelių įvertina betono įtempių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Fazio, Robert 1970. "Flexural behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27219.
Pełny tekst źródłaFourteen simply supported concrete beams were cast and subjected to two third point concentrated loads, increased monotonically until failure. The strength, strain and crack development data were recorded to assess the corrosion rate and its effect on the steel bars.
An electrochemical system was used to achieve the different corrosion levels. The specimens were immersed in a 5 percent of sodium chloride by weight of water for a period of one to thirty weeks. An initial voltage of 1 volt was impressed through the beams to initiate and to accelerate the corrosion process. A steel plate was immersed in the solution to act as a cathode and force the steel reinforced concrete beam to act as an anode.
The report discusses the defects and environmental factors influencing the corrosion process. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
羅文惠 i Man-wai Law. "Strain energy capacity of reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207704.
Pełny tekst źródłaTan, Chuan Ming. "Nonlinear vibrations of cracked reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28976/.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoumsi, Ahmed. "Shear strength of reinforced concrete haunched beams". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241959.
Pełny tekst źródłaHristova, Elena Hristova. "Residual strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2006. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19838/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSas, Gabriel. "FRP shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams". Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25881.
Pełny tekst źródłaGodkänd; 2011; 20110328 (gabsas); DISPUTATION Ämnesområde: Konstruktionsteknik/Structural Engineering Opponent: Professor Giorgio Monti, University of Rome, Italy Ordförande: Professor Björn Täljsten, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 29 april 2011, kl 13.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
Law, Man-wai. "Strain energy capacity of reinforced concrete beams /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12228175.
Pełny tekst źródłaIsmail, Kamaran Sulaiman. "Shear behaviour of reinforced concrete deep beams". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12600/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAl-lami, Karrar Ali. "Experimental Investigation of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2296.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbdulmajid, Amin Ali Ahmed. "Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using carbon fibre reinforced plastic". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1998.
Pełny tekst źródłaFILHO, JULIO JERONIMO HOLTZ SILVA. "CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER TORSION STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10658@1.
Pełny tekst źródłaEste estudo teórico-experimental analisa o comportamento até a ruptura de vigas de concreto armado reforçadas externamente à torção com compósitos de fibras de carbono (CFC). No programa experimental, sete vigas de concreto armado, com seção transversal de 20 cm x 40 cm e 420 cm de comprimento, com mesma armadura de aço longitudinal e transversal e concreto com mesma resistência à compressão, foram ensaiadas até a ruptura. As vigas testadas foram divididas em três séries, sendo uma viga de referência sem reforço, três vigas com reforço transversal externo e três vigas com reforço externo transversal e longitudinal. Para a realização dos ensaios foi montada uma estrutura auxiliar de aço capaz de transferir às vigas a solicitação de torção pura. No estudo teórico foram desenvolvidas duas formulações. A primeira formulação, baseada no modelo da treliça espacial generalizada com abrandamento de tensões, apresenta uma sistemática para traçado da curva momento torçor x ângulo de torção por unidade de comprimento de vigas de concreto armado reforçadas à torção. A segunda formulação, fundamentada no modelo da Analogia da Treliça Espacial de acordo com a filosofia de dimensionamento do Eurocode 2, apresenta uma sistemática para dimensionamento de reforço com CFC . As duas metodologias adotam um modelo para determinação da aderência entre o substrato de concreto e o reforço. A inclusão da aderência nos modelos desenvolvidos é de grande importância porque em geral a ruptura do elemento estrutural ocorre devido ao descolamento do CFC. Os resultados experimentais obtidos nos testes das vigas foram utilizados para validar as duas formulações teóricas desenvolvidas. Os resultados experimentais apresentaram boa aproximação quando comparados com os modelos propostos. Verificou-se que todas as vigas reforçadas apresentaram um acréscimo de resistência à torção em torno de 40% em relação à viga de referência. Verificou-se que, após a fissuração, as vigas reforçadas apresentaram perda de rigidez inferior à da viga de referência. Observou-se que o ângulo da fissura medido experimentalmente, o ângulo de inclinação calculado pelo estado de deformação e o ângulo de inclinação calculado pelo estado de tensão da viga apresentaram valores próximos para cada viga.
A theoretical-experimental research on the torsional behavior up to failure of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with external carbon fiber composites (CFC) was carried out. The experimental study comprises a series of seven reinforced concrete beams with the same compressive strength of concrete loaded to failure and subjected to torsion. The beams dimensions were 20 cm x 40 cm x 420 cm. The test specimens had the same internal steel reinforcement. The beams were divided in three series: the reference beam without strengthening; three beams with the external strengthening applied transversally and three beams with the external strengthening applied transversally and longitudinally. For the accomplishment of the tests an auxiliary steel structure was mounted, capable to transfer to the beams the pure torsion moment. In the theoretical study two analytical procedures were developed. The first formulation, based on the softened space truss model for torsion, presents a systematic to obtain the curve torsion moment x torsion angle per length unit of the reinforced concrete beams with CFC torsion strengthening. The second systematic, based on the Space Truss Model in accordance with the Eurocode 2, presents the design of the CFC strengthening. Both methodologies adopt the Chen and Teng bond model between concrete and CFC. The consideration of the bond in the developed models is very important because the failure of the concrete members often occurs from debonding of the CFC. The experimental results from the beams tests were used to validate the two analytical procedures. Good agreement was obtained with the experimental and analytical results. For all the strengthened beams the average values of torsion strength were increased by 40% when compared to the reference beam. After cracking, the loss of rigidity in the strengthened beams was lower then in the reference beam. The cracking angle experimentally measured and the strut angles evaluated by strain state and stress state presented close values.
羅紹湘 i Siu-seong Law. "Failure of reinforced concrete beam-columns". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207327.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaw, Siu-seong. "Failure of reinforced concrete beam-columns /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12263631.
Pełny tekst źródłaYang, Zhenjun. "Discrete crack modelling of plated concrete beams". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247276.
Pełny tekst źródłaSvecova, Dagmar Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil and Environmental. "Behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with FRP prestressed concrete prisms". Ottawa, 1998.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaPan, Jinlong. "Crack-induced debonding failure in fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) strengthened concrete beams : experimental and theoretical analysis /". View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202005%20PAN.
Pełny tekst źródłaCheng, Bei, i 程蓓. "Retrofitting of deep concrete coupling beams by laterally restrained side plates". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45791132.
Pełny tekst źródłaSiu, Wing-ho. "Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams by bolted side plates". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43278735.
Pełny tekst źródłaMohamed, Ali M. S. "Peeling of plates adhesively bonded to reinforced concrete beams /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm6968.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoyd, Andrew James. "Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beams with sprayed glass fiber reinforced polymers". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61068.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBechtel, Andrew Joseph. "External strengthening of reinforced concrete pier caps". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42809.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeng, Jiangang. "Durability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) repair/strengthening concrete beams". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1663060011&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Pełny tekst źródłaCladera, Bohigas Antoni. "Shear design of reinforced high-strength concrete beams". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6155.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl objetivo principal de este trabajo es contribuir al avance del conocimiento del comportamiento frente a la rotura por cortante de vigas de hormigón de alta resistencia. Para ello, y en primer lugar, se ha llevado a cabo una extensa revisión del estado actual del conocimiento de la resistencia a cortante, tanto para hormigón convencional como para hormigón de alta resistencia, así como una profunda investigación de campañas experimentales anteriores.
Se ha realizado una campaña experimental sobre vigas de hormigón de alta resistencia sometidas a flexión y cortante. La resistencia a compresión del hormigón de las vigas variaba entre 50 y 87 MPa. Las principales variables de diseño eran la cuantía de armadura longitudinal y transversal. Los resultados obtenidos experimentalmente han sido analizados para estudiar la influencia de las distintas variables en función de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón.
Con el objetivo de tener en cuenta, no sólo los resultados de nuestros ensayos, sino también la gran cantidad de información disponible en la bibliografía técnica, se ha preparado una base de datos con vigas de hormigón convencional y de alta resistencia a partir del banco de datos de la Universidad de Illinois. Los resultados empíricos han sido comparados con los cortantes últimos calculados según la Instrucción EHE, las especificaciones AASHTO LRFD, el Código ACI 318-99 y el programa Response-2000, basado en la teoría modificada del campo de compresiones.
Se han construido dos Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA) para predecir la resistencia a cortante en base a la gran cantidad de resultados experimentales. La principal característica de las RNA es su habilidad para aprender, mediante el ajuste de pesos internos, incluso cuando los datos de entrada y salida presentan un cierto nivel de ruido. Con los resultados de la RNA se ha realizado un análisis paramétrico de cada variable que afecta la resistencia última a cortante.
Se han propuesto nuevas expresiones que tienen el cuenta el comportamiento observado para el diseño frente al esfuerzo cortante de vigas tanto de hormigón convencional como de alta resistencia con y sin armadura a cortante, así como una nueva ecuación para la determinación de la armadura mínima a cortante. Las nuevas expresiones presentan resultados que se ajustan mejor a los resultados experimentales que los obtenidos mediante la utilización de las normativas vigentes.
Finalmente se han planteado varias sugerencias de futuras líneas de trabajo, que son resultado de la propia evolución del conocimiento sobre el tema de estudio durante el desarrollo de esta tesis.
Although High-Strength Concrete has been increasingly used in the construction industry during the last few years, current Spanish Structural Concrete code of practice (EHE) only covers concrete of strengths up to 50 MPa. An increase in the strength of concrete is directly associated with an improvement in most of its properties, in special the durability, but this also produces an increase in its brittleness and smoother crack surfaces which affects significantly the shear strength.
The aim of this research is to enhance the understanding of the behaviour of high-strength concrete beams with and without web reinforcement failing in shear. In order to achieve this objective, an extensive review of the state-of-the-art in shear strength for both normal-strength and high-strength concrete beams was made, as well as in-depth research into previous experimental campaigns.
An experimental programme involving the testing of eighteen high-strength beam specimens under a central point load was performed. The concrete compressive strength of the beams at the age of the tests ranged from 50 to 87 MPa. Primary design variables were the amount of shear and longitudinal reinforcement. The results obtained experimentally were analysed to study the influence of those parameters related to the concrete compressive strength.
With the aim of taking into account, in addition to the results of our tests, the large amount of information available, a large database was assembled based on the University of Illinois Sheardatabank for normal-strength and high-strength concrete beams. These test results were compared with failure shear strengths predicted by the EHE Code, the 2002 Final Draft of EuroCode 2, the AASHTO LRFD Specifications, the ACI Code 318-99, and Response-2000 program, a computer program based on the modified compression field theory.
Furthermore, two Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were developed to predict the shear strength of reinforced beams based on the database beam specimens. An ANN is a computational tool made up of a number of simple, highly-interconnected processing elements that constitute a network. The main feature of an ANN is its ability to learn, by means of adjusting internal weights, even when the input and output data present a degree of noise. Based on the ANN results, a parametric study was carried out to study the influence of each parameter affecting the failure shear strength.
New expressions are proposed, taking into account the observed behaviour for the design of high-strength and normal-strength reinforced concrete beams with and without web reinforcement. A new equation is given for the amount of minimum reinforcement as well. The new expressions correlate with the empirical tests better than any current code of practice.
Finally, as a natural corollary to the evolution of our understanding of this field, some recommendations for future studies are made.
Kalkan, Ilker. "Lateral torsional buckling of rectangular reinforced concrete beams". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31788.
Pełny tekst źródłaCommittee Chair: Zureick Abdul-Hamid; Committee Member: Ellingwood, Bruce R.; Committee Member: Kahn, Lawrence F.; Committee Member: Kardomateas, George A.; Committee Member: Will, Kenneth M. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Yao, Zhong, i 姚钟. "Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B5090002X.
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Master of Philosophy
Tang, Chi Wai John. "Reinforced concrete deep beams : behaviour, analysis and design". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/626.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbdullah, Mohd Sabri. "Reinforced concrete beams with steel plates for shear". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342881.
Pełny tekst źródłaTeo, W. T. "Adjusted reinforcement for reinforced concrete beams in shear". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419409.
Pełny tekst źródłaAzizi, Abdul R. "Modelling moment redistribution in continuous reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1578/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRahman, S. M. Hasanur. "Flexural behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete continuous beams". American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31905.
Pełny tekst źródłaFebruary 2017
McCarty, Colin Michael. "Behavior of Two-Span Continuous Reinforced Concrete Beams". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1219333577.
Pełny tekst źródłaJames, Valontino Ruwhellon. "Fatigue Behaviour of CFRP Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams". Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32274.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl-Refaie, S. A. "Repair and strengthening of continuous reinforced concrete beams : flexural repair and strengthening of continuous reinforced concrete beams using externally bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577554.
Pełny tekst źródłaAhmed, Ahmed Kamal El-Sayed. "Concrete contribution to the shear resistance of FRP-reinforced concrete beams". Thèse, [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1784.
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