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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Reheat burner"
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Lee, S., M. Svrcek, C. F. Edwards i C. T. Bowman. "Mesoscale Burner Arrays for Gas-Turbine Reheat Applications". Journal of Propulsion and Power 22, nr 2 (marzec 2006): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.15667.
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Ren, Li Ming, Jing Xue An, Chun Yu Wang i Lei Wang. "Influence of Low NOx Burner Retrofit on the Performances of a Boiler". Advanced Materials Research 1023 (sierpień 2014): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1023.116.
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This paper presents the experimental investigation on the operational performances of a Boiler after a Low NOx burner retrofit. After the retrofit, several operational performances emerge a major change, including the unburned combustible in flying ash raise under higher load, the temperature of reheat steam drop greatly under lower load. As a result, the changes have an influence on the economy of boiler. As for it, a special experimental study was carried out to obtain the best operating mode, and the law of change on the several parameters. The research results are a significant reference to retrofit involved in Low NOx burner utilized to a boiler.
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Jansto, Steven G. "Reheat Furnace Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Combustion Considerations for TMCP Processing". Materials Science Forum 941 (grudzień 2018): 608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.608.
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The reheat furnace process step has a profound effect on the TMCP performance, final hot rolled steel quality and mechanical property consistency during the production of hot rolled steels. The uniformity of heating applied across the entire width and length of the slab or billet is critical in the achievement of customer properties regardless of the chemistry. The resultant ferrite grain size in the final hot rolled product is significantly governed by the initial prior austenite grain size. Numerous reheat furnace process metallurgy and combustion parameters in actual operation affect mill productivity, microstructure, austenite grain size, scrap rate and diverts. This reheating step in the steelmaking process often receives low priority in the evaluation of product quality and mechanical property performance, especially the toughness through the plate thickness. Heat transfer conditions of radiation, convection and conduction affect furnace heating efficiency. In laboratory studies, the furnace heating step is typically quite uniform resulting in a homogeneous and fine prior austenite grain size. During production, it is much more difficult to control the uniformity of heating and heat transfer consistency along the entire length and through the thickness of the work piece. The furnace conditions are correlated to product quality via furnace process variables such as the air to gas ratio, furnace burner condition, furnace pressure, energy efficiency, adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) and furnace refractory condition. Operational practice recommendations are presented to minimize inhomogeneous heating which results in inferior product quality, hot rolling model anomalies and toughness variations in the through-thickness-direction.
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Döbbeling, Klaus, Jaan Hellat i Hans Koch. "25 Years of BBC/ABB/Alstom Lean Premix Combustion Technologies". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, nr 1 (28.09.2005): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2181183.
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The paper will show the development of lean premix combustion technologies in BBC, ABB, and Alstom gas turbines. Different technologies have been developed and applied in Brown Boveri Company (BBC) before 1990. Considerable improvements with respect to NOx emissions as compared to gas turbines with a single combustor and a single diffusion burner for liquid and gaseous fuel have been achieved with burners with extended premixing sections and with multi-injection burners for annular combustors. Between 1990 and 2005, burners with short but effective premixing zones (EV burners: environmentally friendly V-shaped burners) have been implemented in all new gas turbines of the ABB (and later Alstom) fleet with NOx levels well below 25 vppmd (@15% O2). In addition to this, three variants of premix technologies have been successfully developed and deployed into Alstom GT engines: the sequential EV burners—a technology that allows premixing of natural gas and oil into a hot exhaust stream to reheat the exhaust gases of a first high-pressure turbine; the MBtu EV burners that are used to burn syngas in a premix flame with low NOx emissions; and the advanced EV burners (AEV) that are capable to prevaporize and premix liquid fuel prior to combustion and burn it with very low NOx emissions without water injection. The paper will give an overview of these technologies and their usage in Alstom gas turbines over the last 25years.
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Ibrahim, Thamir, i M. M. Rahman. "Study on effective parameter of the triple-pressure reheat combined cycle performance". Thermal Science 17, nr 2 (2013): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci111016143i.
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The thermodynamic analyses of the triple-pressure reheat combined cycle gas turbines with duct burner are presented and discussed in this paper. The overall performance of a combined cycle gas turbine power plant is influenced by the ambient temperature, compression ratio and turbine inlet temperature. These parameters affect the overall thermal efficiency, power output and the heat-rate. In this study a thermodynamic model was development on an existing actual combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) (In this case study, an effort has been made to enhance the performance of the CCGT through a parametric study using a thermodynamic analysis. The effect of ambient temperature and operation parameter, including compression ratio and turbine inlet temperature, on the overall performance of CCGT are investigated. The code of the performance model for CCGT power plant was developed utilizing the THERMOFLEX software. The simulating results show that the total power output and overall efficiency of a CCGT decrease with increase the ambient temperature because increase the consumption power in the air compressor of a GT. The totals power of a CCGT decreases with increase the compression rate, while the overall efficiency of a CCGT increases with increase the compression ratio to 21, after that the overall efficiency will go down. Far there more the turbine inlet temperature increases the both total power and overall efficiency increase, so the turbine inlet temperature has a strong effect on the overall performance of CCGT power plant. Also the simulation model give a good result compared with MARAFIQ CCGT power plant. With these variables, the turbine inlet temperature causes the greatest overall performance variation.
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Sattelmayer, T., W. Polifke, D. Winkler i K. Do¨bbeling. "NOx-Abatement Potential of Lean-Premixed GT Combustors". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, nr 1 (1.01.1998): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818087.
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The influence of the structure of perfectly premixed flames on NOx formation is investigated theoretically. Since a network of reaction kinetics modules and model flames is used for this purpose, the results obtained are independent of specific burner geometries. Calculations are presented for a mixture temperature of 630 K, an adiabatic flame temperature of 1840 K, and 1 and 15 bars combustor pressure. In particular, the following effects are studied separately from each other: • molecular diffusion of temperature and species; • flame strain; • local quench in highly strained flames and subsequent reignition; • turbulent diffusion (no preferential diffusion); • small scale mixing (stirring) in the flame front. Either no relevant influence or an increase in NOx production over that of the one-dimensional laminar flame is found. As a consequence, besides the improvement of mixing quality, a future target for the development of low-NOx burners is to avoid excessive turbulent stirring in the flame front. Turbulent flames that exhibit locally and instantaneously near laminar structures (“flamelets”) appear to be optimal. Using the same methodology, the scope of the investigation is extended to lean-lean staging, since a higher NOx-abatement potential can be expected in principle. As long as the chemical reactions of the second stage take place in the boundary between the fresh mixture of the second stage and the combustion products from upstream, no advantage can be expected from lean-lean staging. Only if the primary burner exhibits much poorer mixing than the second stage can lean-lean staging be beneficial. In contrast, if full mixing between the two stages prior to afterburning can be achieved (lean-mix-lean technique), the combustor outlet temperature can in principle be increased somewhat without NO penalty. However, the complexity of such a system with a larger flame tube area to be cooled will increase the reaction zone temperatures, so that the full advantage cannot be realized in an engine. Of greater technical relevance is the potential of a lean-mixlean combustion system within an improved thermodynamic cycle. A reheat process with sequential combustion is perfectly suited for this purpose, since, first, the required low inlet temperature of the second stage is automatically generated after partial expansion in the high pressure turbine, second, the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle has its maximum and, third, high exhaust temperatures are generated, which can drive a powerful Rankine cycle. The higher thermodynamic efficiency of this technique leads to an additional drop in NOx emissions per power produced.
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Fukuda, Yuji, i Masaru Shimizu. "Hot Corrosion and Steam Oxidation Properties of New Heat Resistant Steels for Ultra Super Critical Boilers". Materials Science Forum 522-523 (sierpień 2006): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.522-523.189.
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Achieving higher plant efficiency in thermal power plants is one of the major global challenges from the viewpoint of reducing carbon dioxide emission levels, particularly in coal-fired boilers, irrespective of the type of coal being burned. In recent times, it has been possible to increase the steam temperature in coal fired ultra supercritical (USC) plants without too much of a cost impact. The temperature has already been increased to 600 for main steam and 610 for reheat steam. The main enabling technology is the development of stronger high temperature materials such as newly developed high Cr ferritic steels and austenitic steels, capable of operating under high stresses at increasing high temperatures. Other key demands for those materials are hot corrosion resistance such as coal ash corrosion in superheater and reheater tubes and sulfidation of waterwall tubes, and steam oxidation resistance. This paper will mainly present the hot corrosion and steam oxidation properties of newly developed high strength heat resistant steels for their application to USC boilers and long-term experience in an actual plant.
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Stupar, Goran, Dragan Tucakovic, Ognjen Stamenkovic, Luka Petrovic, Borivoje Vujicic, Zarko Novakovic i Zeljko Milanovic. "Possibilities of steam boiler process optimization in the TPP Ugljevik". Thermal Science 27, nr 1 Part A (2023): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2301133s.
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The paper presents a technical solution for modernization with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the steam boiler of TPP Ugljevik, which implies the reorganization of the combustion system. More efficient operation of the furnace can be achieved by replacing the existing burners, reducing the number of burner levels as well as the organization of tangential combustion. The flame formed in the shape of a tube around the two central combustion vortices provides a larger amount of heat transferred to the combustion furnace, less fouling of its screen walls and thus a lower average temperature of the combustion products at its outlet. As the chosen reorganization affects the increase of the temperature of the superheated steam and the decrease of the temperature of the reheated steam, it has been proposed to reduce the area of the semi-irradiated superheater and increase the area of the second reheater. Taking into consideration that the reorganization of the combustion system may lead to the change of the thermal load of the evaporator located in the furnace, the paper presents the work of the steam boiler operation under new operating conditions. Used calculation system enables reliable prediction of operating characteristics of the steam boiler in new operating conditions of combustion, and its application helps assess the quality of the boiler in terms of how effective, efficient, safe and environmentally friendly its operating mode is. In this way, it is possible to form a comprehensive description of the operating mode of the steam boiler.
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Ishii, T., C. Zhang i S. Sugiyama. "Numerical Simulations of Highly Preheated Air Combustion in an Industrial Furnace". Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, nr 4 (1.12.1998): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795048.
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The numerical simulations of reactive turbulent flows and heat transfer in an industrial slab reheat furnace in which the combustion air is highly preheated have been carried out. The influence of the ratio of the air and fuel injection velocities on the NOx production rate in the furnace has also been studied numerically. A moment closure method with the assumed β probability density function (PDF) for mixture fraction was used in the present work to model the turbulent non-premixed combustion process in the furnace. The combustion model was based on the assumption of instantaneous full chemical equilibrium. The turbulence was modeled by the standard k-ε model with a wall function. The numerical simulations have provided complete information on the flow, heat, and mass transfer in the furnace. The results also indicate that a low NOx emission and high heating efficiency can be achieved in the slab reheat furnace by using low NOx regenerative burners. It is found that the air/fuel injection velocity ratio has a strong influence on the NOx production rate in the furnace.
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Seto, S. P., i T. F. Lyon. "Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Characteristics of Augmented Turbofan Engines". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 116, nr 3 (1.07.1994): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906846.
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The exhaust plumes of modern military engines can be rendered visible at low augmentor power operation by the presence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Visible plumes have also been observed from some industrial gas turbines that have duct burners downstream of the power turbines. In 1986, gaseous emissions measurements were taken behind two F101 turbofan engines to determine the effect of reheat level on the degree of conversion of nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide and to relate the plume visibility to nitrogen dioxide concentration.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Reheat burner"
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Nowik, Daniel, i Amanda Tellström. "Specialidrottslärares erfarenhet av rehabilitering för skadade elever : En kvalitativ studie riktad mot riksidrottsgymnasier och nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningar". Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5266.
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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur specialidrottslärare på RIG och NIU ger stöttning samt förmedlar strategier till elever kring mentala situationer under en rehabilitering. Frågeställningarna studien ska besvara är följande: Hur anpassas undervisningen för skadade elever på RIG och NIU i form av stöttning? Vilka metoder förekommer på gymnasier för att bidra till elevernas motivation till rehabilitering? Metod Datainsamlingen till studien gjordes i form av intervjuer utifrån en intervjuguide. Sex specialidrottslärare med olika idrotter intervjuades, fyra från NIU och två från RIG utspritt på tre olika skolor i Mellansverige intervjuades. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades. Resultat Samtliga specialidrottslärare menade att motivation behövdes för att orka med att genomföra en rehabilitering och att de hade ett ansvar att finnas där som ett socialt stöd för de skadade eleverna. En motivation för eleverna blev att ta sig igenom delmål utifrån ett rehabiliteringsprogram. Specialidrottslärarna ville få eleverna att känna delaktighet under skadeperioden och de stöttades till att uppnå sina delmål. Specialidrottslärarna ansåg att stöttning var en självklar del av undervisningen, framför allt under en skadeperiod då positiv stöttning bör komma från alla håll och kanter. Det är lättare att ge stöttning till elever som är tillsammans med övriga i gruppen, då gruppdynamiken ger positiv inverkan mentalt på den skadade eleven. En del av specialidrottslärarna använder sig av en strategi med målsättningar, där de sätter upp delmål för att få en progression med rehabiliteringen. Slutsats Undervisningen anpassas så att skadade elever i största mån ska utöva sin rehabilitering i anslutning till gruppen för att den skadade eleven ska känna sig inkluderad. Detta också för att specialidrottsläraren ska kunna ge stöttning och feedback under lektionstimmarna i skolan.Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott
Części książek na temat "Reheat burner"
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Mohamud, Jamal, i Kathryn S. Nevel. "Palliative Care, Rehabilitation, and Supportive Care in Neuro-Oncology". W Neuro-Oncology Compendium for the Boards and Clinical Practice, redaktorzy Maciej M. Mrugala, Na Tosha N. Gatson, Sylvia C. Kurz, Kathryn S. Nevel i Jennifer L. Clarke, 480—C31.P161. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0031.
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Abstract Palliative care is defined as a multidisciplinary approach oriented toward improvements in quality of life, reduction of symptom burden, and prevention of suffering in patients facing life-limiting conditions. This is of considerable importance in individuals with neuro-oncological diseases given the high symptom burden and disease-related mortality these patients often face. This chapter examines the role of palliative care in neuro-oncology throughout the course of treatment and at the end-of-life (EOL) phase. Palliative care discussions should occur early in the disease course and involve multiple parties, including the patient and caregivers, primary healthcare provider, and dedicated palliative care specialist. Headache, nausea, seizures, and fatigue are among the most prevailing symptoms experienced that can be best addressed with aggressive supportive care measures. Severe debilitation is a common consequence of neuro-oncologic malignancies and the treatments used to combat them, causing drastic physical, cognitive, and psycho-social distress to patients and caregivers. Rehabilitation constitutes a significant portion of the palliative care approach; the goals of rehab should be congruent with expectations of patients’ overall care. This chapter also discusses palliative care strategies in managing patients in the EOL phase.
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Vikash, Om, A. K. Sethi i Sidharth Sharma. "Remnant Life Assessment of High Temperature Tubes in 250MW Boiler". W Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220812.
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The fluctuation in temperature and pressure in boiler parts subjected to creep and fatigue stress and also fuel burnt and steam generation leads to corrosion in various areas in the boiler. Residual stress during manufacturing, the vibration due to flow over the tube, mechanical vibrations, erosion due to the abrasive nature of the fuel, does occur in boilers. All of the above, individually or combined lead to material degradation of different magnitude and will lead to failure. It also leads to reduction of creep life of superheater tubes and results in the necessity of superheater repair every 4–5 years with replacement of up to 30–50% of tubes. The remnant life assessment (RLA) of boilers predicts accurately the remaining life of high temperature tubes allows reducing the amount and cost of repair. The method of assessment of remaining life for superheater and reheater steel tubes operating in conditions of intensive high-temperature corrosion is presented in this paper. The method is based on measurements of tube wall thickness and corrosion resistance of particular steel.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Reheat burner"
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Poyyapakkam, Madhavan, John Wood, Steven Mayers, Andrea Ciani, Felix Guethe i Khawar Syed. "Hydrogen Combustion Within a Gas Turbine Reheat Combustor". W ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69165.
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This paper describes a novel lean premixed reheat burner technology suitable for Hydrogen-rich fuels. The inlet temperature for such a combustor is very high and reaction of the fuel/oxidant mixture is initiated through auto-ignition, the delay time for which reduces significantly for Hydrogen-rich fuels in comparison to natural gases. Therefore the residence time available for premixing within the burner is reduced. The new reheat burner concept has been optimized to allow rapid fuel/oxidant mixing, to have a high flashback margin and to limit the pressure drop penalty. The performance of the burner is described, initially in terms of its fluid dynamic properties and then its combustion characteristics. The latter are based upon full-scale high-pressure tests, where results are shown for two variants of the concept, one with a pressure drop comparable to today’s natural gas burners, and the other with a two-fold increase in pressure drop. Both burners indicated that Low NOx emissions, comparable to today’s natural gas burners, were feasible at reheat engine conditions (ca. 20 Bars and ca. 1000C inlet temperature). The higher pressure drop variant allowed a wider operating window. However the achievement of the lower pressure drop burner shows that the targeted Hydrogen-rich fuel (70/30 H2/N2 by volume) can be used within a reheat combustor without any penalty on gas turbine performance.
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Lee, S., C. F. Edwards i C. T. Bowman. "Development of a Multilayer Mesoscale Burner Array for Gas Turbine Reheat". W ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61050.
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Mesoscale burner arrays allow combustion to be conducted in a distributed fashion at the millimeter (meso) scale. At this scale, diffusive processes are fast, but not yet dominant, such that a number of advantages over conventional burners can be achieved without giving up the possibility to use fluid inertia to advantage. Since the scale of the reaction zone follows from the scale at which the reactants are mixed, very compact flames result. We expect that this compact, distributed form of combustion can provide not only the opportunity of inter-turbine reheat, but also the potential for lean premixed or highly vitiated combustion to suppress NOX emissions. In previous work, a 4×4 array, with burner elements on 5-mm centers, was fabricated in silicon nitride using shape deposition manufacturing. Results from both fully premixed (mixing prior to the array) and partially premixed (mixing in the array) configurations demonstrated the degree to which premixed performance can be achieved with this design and pointed to ways in which the array design could be improved. In the present work, a next-generation 6×6 array has been developed and tested. Major design changes in this array include use of a combination of bluff-body and swirl flame stabilization and a multilayer architecture with a separate fuel manifold for more uniform fuel distribution. In this multilayer design, the array is fabricated in three separate pieces, one of which is a vaporization layer designed for use with liquid fuels. Results using gaseous fuel (methane) in a fully premixed operating condition, including pressure drop, flame stability, temperature distribution in the burned gas, and NOx emissions, are reported for both bluff-body and no-bluff-body configurations. Tests for a partially premixed configuration are being carried out to evaluate the potential of the design modifications.
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Saidi, M. H., A. Irani R. i S. M. S. Mousavi. "Retrofitting a Steam Power Cycle by Using Water From the Interstage Feed Water Pump as Reheat Spray". W ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60060.
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Various methods are used in thermal power plants to adjust the superheated or reheated steam temperature to a pre-determined set point, including flue gas recirculation, using tilting burners and spray of water from discharge of feed water pump, etc. In this paper, an innovative method is presented to control the reheater temperature by tapping water from an interstage of the feed water pump to control reheater temperature at the Bisotoun Power Plant (a steam cycle based power plant in the western Iran). The spray water for the superheaters is secured from the discharge of feed water pump, but interstage water, instead of gas recirculation or using tilting burner, is used to control the reheater temperature. The total cycle is simulated with this arrangement and the results are compared with power plant actual data. Here, the variation of pump head and its power consumption is investigated as well. The tapped water requirement is calculated in terms of controlling reheat steam temperature at different loads.
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Wind, Torsten, Felix Güthe i Khawar Syed. "Co-Firing of Hydrogen and Natural Gases in Lean Premixed Conventional and Reheat Burners (Alstom GT26)". W ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25813.
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Addition of hydrogen (H2), produced from excess renewable electricity, to natural gas has become a new fuel type of interest for gas turbines. The addition of hydrogen extends the existing requirements to widen the fuel flexibility of gas turbine combustion systems to accommodate natural gases of varying content of higher hydrocarbons (C2+). The present paper examines the performance of the EV and SEV burners used in the sequential combustion system of Alstom’s reheat engines, which are fired with natural gas containing varying amounts of hydrogen and higher hydrocarbons. The performance is evaluated by means of single burner high pressure testing at full scale and at engine-relevant conditions. The fuel blends studied introduce variations in Wobbe index and reactivity. The latter influences, for example, laminar and turbulent burning velocities, which are significant parameters for conventional lean premixed burners such as the EV, and auto-ignition delay times, which is a significant parameter for reheat burners, such as the SEV. An increase in fuel reactivity can lead to increased NOx emissions, flashback sensitivity and flame dynamics. The impact of the fuel blends and operating parameters, such as flame temperature, on the combustion performance is studied. Results indicate that variation of flame temperature of the first burner is an effective parameter to maintain low NOx emissions as well as offsetting the impact of fuel reactivity on the auto-ignition delay time of the downstream reheat burner. The relative impact of hydrogen and higher hydrocarbons is in agreement with results from simple reactor and 1D flame analyses. The changes in combustion behaviour can be compensated by a slightly extended operation concept of the engine following the guidelines of the existing C2+ operation concept and will lead to a widened, safe operational range of Alstom reheat engines with respect to fuel flexibility without hardware modifications.
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Guyot, Daniel, Gabrielle Tea i Christoph Appel. "Low NOx SEV Lean Premix Reheat Combustion in Alstom GT24 Gas Turbines". W ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43203.
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Reducing gas turbine emissions and increasing their operational flexibility are key targets in today’s gas turbine market. In order to further reduce emissions and increase the operational flexibility of its GT24 (60Hz) and GT26 (50Hz), Alstom has introduced an improved SEV burner and fuel lance into its GT24 upgrade 2011 and GT26 upgrade 2011 sequential reheat combustion system. Sequential combustion is a key differentiator of Alstom GT24 engines in the F-class gas turbine market. The inlet temperature for the GT24 SEV combustor is around 1000 degC and reaction of the fuel/oxidant mixture is initiated through auto-ignition. The recent development of the Alstom sequential combustion system is a perfect example of evolutionary design optimizations and technology transfer between Alstom GT24 and GT26 engines. Better overall performance is achieved through improved SEV burner aerodynamics and fuel injection, while keeping the main features of the sequential burner technology. The improved SEV burner/lance concept has been optimized towards rapid fuel/oxidant mixing for low emissions, improved fuel flexibility with regards to highly reactive fuels (higher C2+ and hydrogen content), and to sustain a wide operation window. In addition, the burner front panel features an improved cooling concept based on near-wall cooling as well as integrated acoustics damping devices designed to reduce combustion pulsations thus extending the SEV combustor’s operation window even further. After having been validated extensively in the Alstom high pressure sector rig test facility, the improved GT24 SEV burner has been retrofitted into a commercial GT24 field engine for full engine validation during long-term operation. This paper presents the obtained high pressure sector rig and engine validation results for the GT24 (2011) SEV burner/lance hardware with a focus on reduced NOX and CO emissions and improved operational behavior of the SEV combustor. The high pressure tests demonstrated robust SEV burner/lance operation with up to 50% lower NOX formation and a more than 70K higher SEV burner inlet temperature compared to the GT24 (2006) hardware. For the GT24 engine with retrofitted upgrade 2011 SEV burner/lance all validation targets were achieved including an extremely robust operation behavior, up to 40% lower GT NOX emissions, significantly lower CO emissions at partload and baseload, a very broad operation window (up to 100K width in SEV combustor inlet temperature) and all measured SEV burner/lance temperatures in the expected range. Sector rig and engine validation results have confirmed the expected SEV burner fuel flexibility (up to 18%-vol. C2+ and up to 5%-vol. hydrogen as standard).
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Gutmark, Ephraim, Christian Paschereit, Daniel Guyot, Arnaud Lacarelle, Jonas Moeck, Sebastian Schimek, Torsten Faustmann i Mirko Bothien. "Combustion Noise in a Flameless Trapped-Vortex Reheat Burner (FTVRB)". W 13th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (28th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-3697.
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Rodhiya, Akash, Konduri Aditya, Andrea Gruber i Jacqueline H. Chen. "Simulations of flame structure in a reheat burner: pressure scaling". W AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3448.
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Düsing, K. Michael, Andrea Ciani, Urs Benz, Adnan Eroglu i Klaus Knapp. "Development of GT24 and GT26 (Upgrades 2011) Reheat Combustors, Achieving Reduced Emissions and Increased Fuel Flexibility". W ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95437.
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The recent development of the Alstom’s sequential combustion system for the GT24 (60Hz) and GT26 (50Hz) upgrades 2011 is a perfect example of evolutionary design optimizations. Better overall performance is achieved through improved SEV burner aerodynamics and fuel injection, while keeping the main features of the sequential burner technology. In particular this results in further reduced NOx and CO emissions over widest possible load range and allows operation with fuel gases with up to 18% of higher hydrocarbons (C2+) or a low Wobbe index. An extensive validation of the new sequential burners for GT24 and GT26 has been conducted, with a wide range of validation tools. This has included high pressure sector rig testing and full-engine tests at the Alstom Power Plant Birr, Switzerland. This paper presents the development and validation process, in terms of evolutionary design modifications and successful burner scaling, of the GT24 and GT26 (upgrades 2011) reheat combustors from concept phase to engine validation.
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Adams, Bradley R., i Dave H. Wang. "NOx Emissions in a Steel Reheat Furnace Firing By-Product Fuels". W ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24229.
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Abstract A DOE-funded program was used to understand the mechanisms that control the formation of NOx during the combustion of steelmaking by-product fuels and to investigate possible low-cost control options to minimize the NOx emissions. This paper discusses the CFD modeling results of NOx emissions in a reheat furnace. The reheat furnace has a total of 20 burners distributed over three firing zones. The furnace is fired at a rate of 250 × 106 Btu/hr and an overall stoichiometric ratio of 1.06 (fuel lean). Fuels with heating values of approximate 500 Btu/SCF were examined, including coke oven gas (COG), blast furnace gas (BFG) and a blend of COG, BFG, natural gas (NG) and nitrogen. A good range of process variables was modeled to examine effects of fuel type, air preheat, stoichiometric ratio, firing rate and burner stoichiometry distribution on NOx emissions. Modeling results indicated that NOx formation in the reheat furnace is dominated by thermal NO, with some variation depending on the fuel fired. Temperature profiles showed an effective separation of the furnace interior into top and bottom zones as a result of the steel slab barrier. Higher temperatures characterized the bottom zone and elevated NOx levels as a result of the confined space and enhanced fuel air mixing provided by the slab supports. Results also showed that reburning of NOx plays a significant role in final NOx emissions with 30–40% of NOx formed being reduced by reburning in most cases. Modeling identified that operating the side burners in each burner zone slightly substoichiometric (while maintaining the overall furnace stoichiometry at 1.06) provided significant NOx reduction via reburning. NOx reductions of 23% and 30% were predicted when firing with COG and COG-NG-Air fuels, respectively. Overall furnace exit temperatures and heat flux profiles were not significantly affected by the biased firing.
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Guyot, Daniel, Mirko Bothien, Jonas Moeck, Sebastian Schimek, Arnaud Lacarelle, Oliver Paschereit, Torsten Faustmann i Ephraim Gutmark. "Pollutant and Noise Emissions in a Flameless Trapped-Vortex Reheat Burner". W 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5630.
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