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Le, Runigo Cyrille. "Un déterminant de l'expertise dans les actions d'interception : le couplage information-mouvement". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112264.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this study was to determine wether the expertise in interceptive actions leads to an optimization of the perceptive, predictive and/or adaptative processes of action regulation. Expert tennis players and non-practitioners have been tested during two series of three experiments in which the balls’trajectories could be deviated in a discrete or continuous way. Perceptive, predictive and perceptivo-motor tasks used in this study have been conducted using an experimental device based on the virtual simulation. It appears, at the end of these experiments, that the optimization of adaptative processes of action regulation is an essential caracteristic of expertise in ball sport and in particular leads to shorter visuo-motor delays for the expert tennis players. This work provides data wich contradict in part the required velocity model (Peper et al. , 1994) by showing that the information used to guide the displacement of the effector is not the relative position of the ball, but, in fact, the projection of the tangential velocity of the ball on the interception axis. The results obtained during this thesis ultimately make it possible to put in evidence that the information-movement coupling is a determinant of expertise in interceptive actions
Puxeddu, Vincenzo. "Le processus empathique et la régulation des émotions à travers la Danse Mouvement Thérapie". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H037.
Pełny tekst źródłaAn exploratory 20-month longitudinal study conducted with a primarily quantitative test-retest method via two approved scales, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Davis' IRI (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and supported by a self-evaluation questionnaire regarding bodily, imaginative, emotional and empathetic abilities. The test population was composed of 119 subjects, of which 93% were women, who did DMT (Danse Movement Therapy). The subjects were divided into three groups: DMT students, students from the Natioanl Academy of Dance and clinical study groups. Given the time DMT was used, the test population was divided into a "short-term group" (< 10 months of DMT) and a "long-term group" (>10 months of DMT). In the long-term group, there was a significant decrease in the F3 subscale of the self-evaluation questionnaire showed an increase in subscale empathetic consideration as measured by the IRI, and the self-evaluation questionnaire showed an increase in bodily, emotional, empathic and image evocation abilities throughout the DMT experiment. These abilities were accompanied by a significant increase in the capacity for verbal self-expression. The Integrated DMT method, which combines body movement with drawing and verbal self-expression would appear to facilitate a process of emotional growth by activating what Wilma Bucci calls the "referential cycle"
Le, Digabel Jimmy. "Régulation de l'activité mécanique d'une cellule isolée en réponse à des stimulus extérieurs". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077014.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnimal cells are complex Systems maintaining multiple interactions with their environment. It is well known that a living cell is not only sensitive to the chemical properties of its environment but also to its mechanical properties. However, the mechanisms that allow a cell to response to external mechanical stimuli are largely unknown. Those research works allowed us to develop a new micro-fabrication technique as to make new substrates to study cell mechanics. Those substrates are useful to exert controlled and localized forces at a micrometric scale and so to exert controlled stress to living cells. Moreover, we studied cell behaviour on substrates with different rigidities. We have shown that a cell could regulate its mechanical activity in accordance with its external environment and the adaptation mechanisms implie an important role of the mechano-sensitivity of the actin cytoskeleton
R'kiouak, Mehdi. "« Ramer ensemble » en aviron : entre régulation inter- et extra-personnelle, contribution à une approche enactive des couplages sociaux". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2052/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBy adopting an enactive and interdisciplinary approach to interpersonal coordination (Bourbousson, 2015, De Jaegher & Di Paolo, 2007), this thesis aimed to better understand the way in which experienced rowers in rowing (co-)regulated their collective activity in time in relation to the boat. Three case studies of coxless-pair crews composed this thesis. Study 1 points out that (a) the two rowers rarely experienced simultaneous joint action at the same time, (b) there were simultaneously experienced oar strokes as effective or detrimental, and (c) suggested that rowers actively regulated their collective activity by adjusting to each other's behaviors (i.e., interpersonal (co-)regulation). Study 2 shows that at the end of the training program (a), the proportion of the number of experiences simultaneously lived by the rowers relative to their mutual coordination significantly increased, and (b) suggested that rowers actively regulated their collective activity by adjusting to boat behavior (i.e., extra-personal (co-)regulation). Study 3 points out that the rowers modified the nature of their mutual adjustments in relation to different imposed cadence constraints. In addition, behavioral adaptations of rowers suggested the existence of a "degeneration" property (Araujo & Davids, 2016) in the social system constituted by the rowers. Finally, the lived experiences reported by the rowers were concomitant with the salient moments of mutual adjustment, as observed in the behavioral data, suggesting participatory sense-making forms in the moments of coregulation (Di Paolo & De Jaegher, 2010)
Bakrim, Ahmed. "Etude de la voie de biosynthèse des phytoecdystéroïdes et de sa régulation chez l'épinard (Spinacia oleracea, L. )". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066392.
Pełny tekst źródłaDanion, Frédéric. "Compensation volontaire de perturbations dynamiques lors de mouvements rythmiques chez l'homme". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11072.
Pełny tekst źródłaSadok, Amine. "Etude du rôle de la NADPH oxydase 1 dans la régulation de la migration des cellules d'adénocarcinome colique". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22953.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoblain, Olivier. "Le bricolage comme mode de régulation dans une organisation en mouvement : le cas des gestionnaires des ressources humaines à La Poste". Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090051.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe sociology of work has proved that working groups are able to regulate their activity autonomously. However, this conceptual scheme is put into question by social situations, such as public service’s firms enrolled in a process of modernization. That is the case of the French Post Office, where structures, formal rules and working groups are incessantly changing since 1990 and lost therefore most of their stability. The study of the work of the specialists of human resource management in this firm led us to use the metaphor of the “bricolage” to explain how individuals adapt themselves to this context. Our approach underlines, on the one hand, the presence of a social rule (“do it yourself”) and, on the other hand, the fact that most of the learning processes are achieved individually. Then, the “bricolage” should be apprehended both in practical and identity perspectives: it solves the problems generated by organisational changes and it is a way of subjectivation
Rivière, Christel. "Fonction et régulation de l'activité de la chimiokine SDF-1 et de son récepteur CXCR4 dans la mégacaryopoïèse". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T054.
Pełny tekst źródłaMature megakaryocytes migration out of the bone marrow represents the ultimate step for platelet production and their release into the blood circulation. Regulation of this mechanism remains to be determined. Chemokines and their receptors play a major role in regulating cell migration towards specifie site, but also in cell retention. We studied the role of the SDF-I chemokine and its receptor CXCR4 during megakaryopoiesis. CXCR4 is expressed in megakaryocytes and platelets with an increasing expression during this differentiation process. Nevertheless, in opposite to CXCR4 expression, response to SDF-1 is down regulated during megakaryocyte maturation. CXCR4 signal transduction is mediated through heterotrimeric G protein αβγ. Using RT- PCR with degenerate oligonucleotides, we showed expression of severa! ROS proteins family members, negative regulators of G protein coupled receptor signaling, in megakaryocytes and platelets. RGS2 and RGS16 transcript levels, but not ROSI, RGS3 and ROSS, increase during megakaryocyte differentiation. Only these two ROS are transcriptionnaly upregulated in response to high concentrations ofSDF-1, revealing a specifie role in downregulating CXCR4 function. ROSI, RGS2, RGS3, and RGS16 overexpression in a megakaryocytic cellline MO7e and in megakaroyctes obtained in vitro lead to an inhibition ofSDF-1 response as weil as in migration and MAP kinases activation assays. This whole work implies CXCR4/SDF-I proteins in regulation of early stages of megakaryocyte migration. Our results suggest that upregulation of RGS2 and ROS16 expression during MK maturation plays a crucial role in CXCR4 loss of function and megakaryocyte release into the blood circulation
Begnaud, Simon. "Régulation de Yap et de la prolifération cellulaire pendant la migration épithéliale in vitro". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC222.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfter a wound, cells both migrate and proliferate collectively to restore epithelial continuity and to heal the wound. While migrating, cells exert forces on the substrate and pull on each other. Several previous studies suggest a mechanical coupling between collective cell migration and proliferation. Recently discovered, the transcription co-factor Yap (Yes-associated protein) is regulated by mechanical signal. Yap activation induces its nuclear retention and cell cycle progression. Integrin engagement on cell-substrate contacts, cell spreading and actin contractility are related to Yap activation. In turn, cadherin engagement and forces in cell-cell contacts induces Yap nuclear exclusion and reduce cell proliferation. Integrins and cadherins anchor actomyosin cytoskeleton and to date, and the respective contributions of cell-substrate adhesions, cell-cell junctions and actin cytoskeleton on regulation Yap and cell proliferation remain unexplored.In this thesis, we interested in the role of substrate adhesions, cell-cell junctions, actomyosin cytoskeleton and cell mechanical loading on Yap activation and cell proliferation during epithelial wound healing.First, we aim to understand the role of cell spreading and mechanical loading of cell-substrate contacts on the regulation of Yap localisation. Confined on microfabricated adhesive patterns, human keratinocytes HaCaT adopt an oscillatory collective motion. Combining videomicroscopy, traction force microscopy (TFM) and quantitative image analysis, we show that collective cell movements are alternatively divergent and convergent which regulate local cell spreading. Then, we show that cell spreading correlate with traction forces on the substrate and nuclear localisation of Yap. While it remains preliminary, our data show that forces at cell-substrate contacts and cell spreading induce nuclear localisation of Yap during collective cell movements.In the second part of the thesis, we interested on Yap localisation and proliferation during epithelial migration in absence of cell-substrate contacts. To do so, we forced migration of monolayer of HaCaT keratinocytes on micropattern comprising alternatively adherent and cytorepulsive stripes. While migrating on adherent line, cells extend a multicellular layer over the non-adherent areas. Suspended cells are cohesive with each other but do not engage cell-substrate adhesion. In the suspended cell layer, actin stress fibres reorganise at the tissue level thanks to reinforcement of cell-cell contacts and contractility is increased. This model is the first one that allow to decouple actomyosin contractility and cell-substrate contact during epithelial migration. Despite increased stretching stress, absence of cell-substrate contacts induces Yap cytoplasmic localisation and inhibits cell proliferation. To conclude, cell-substrate contact engagement is necessary to induce Yap nuclear localisation and increase cell proliferation during epithelial wound healing in vitro.This work demonstrates that traction forces through cell-substrate contacts are associated to nuclear localisation of Yap and to increased cell proliferation during epithelial wound healing in vitro
Scarfone, Eric. "Nouvelle conception de l'organisation fonctionnelle des récepteurs vestibulaires : mise en évidence d'un micro-système de régulation de la transduction sensorielle : étude immunocytochimique et ultrastructurale". Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20196.
Pełny tekst źródłaSerres, Julien. "De l'abeille au robot : "la régulation du flux optique" : contrôle conjoint de vitesse et d'évitement d'obstacles latéraux pour véhicules totalement actionnés". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20076.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe developed an autopilot, called LORA (Lateral Optic flow Regulation Autopilot), which is inspired by motion vision in flying insects. It incorporates two interdependent optic flow regulators, each of which controls one translational degree of freedom: a bilateral optic flow regulator controls the robot's speed, while a unilateral optic flow regulator makes the robot avoid lateral obstacles. Simulation experiments show that a fully actuated vehicle, equipped solely with the LORA autopilot, is able to cross straight, tapered or even non stationary corridors. The robot needs only a pair of lateral eyes that measure the right and left optic flows, and requires no speed or range sensors. This autopilot is meant to equip a miniature seeing hovercraft (0. 8 kg) equipped with two elementary (2-pixel) eyes and rendered fully actuated by two lateral thrusters. We identified experimentally all the robot's dynamical parameters and incorporated them into the simulation. This work is a first step toward a deft, lightweight and power-lean guidance system for micro-air vehicles (MAVs). Designing the autopilot involved three steps: LORA I, LORA II and LORA III that were progressively informed by the results of behavioural experiments carried out on bees trained to enter various corridors en route to an artificial nectar source. High resolution video recording and statistical analyses of the bees' trajectories in various environments allowed the underlying visuomotor control system to be deciphered. We challenge the “optic flow balance” hypothesis that was put forward 20 years ago to explain the bee's “centering reaction” in a corridor. Even though this behaviour has inspired the design of many robots eversince, it now appears as a degenerate case of the insect's ''wall following behaviour''. Our work involved constant plying between Biology to Robotics and provides spin-offs in both fields. It allows one to better understand how a 100mg insect can navigate without using any SONAR, RADAR, LIDAR or GPS, while offering autonomous vehicles an opportunity to behave the same way, without any needs to measure speed and range
Bazile, Christophe. "Identification des couplages information-mouvement impliqués dans la régulation de la tâche de de frappe cyclique de balle et leur développement chez l’enfant âgé de 5 à 12 ans". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA113009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims to both identify the information-movement couplings involved in the regulation of rhythmical hand-eye coordination (ball-bouncing task) and their development in children aged from 5 to 12 years old. Study 1 showed that racket period (Tr) is coupled to the duration of the ascending phase of the ball trajectory (tup) while the variation of racket velocity at impact (Δvr) is coupled to bounce error (ε). Studies 2 and 3 showed both poorcycle-to-cycle regulation ability and stereotyped behavior (characterized by a high racket frequency) in children aged from 5 to 7. From 7 to 12, results showed the emergence of the first information-movement coupling between Tr and the ball peak height while Δvr still remains not regulated. Since the age of 11-12, the first shifts from space- (hp) to time-relatedinformation (tup) in the control of Tr are observed. Developmental dynamics related to thenature of informaiton-movement couplings and the source of information involved is in accordance with the Freezing-Freeing-Exploiting developmental sequence proposed by (Savelsbergh & Van der Kamp ; 2000, 2003). Finally, study 4 showed that both children from9 to 12 and adults fixated their gaze at a location closed the target height while performing the task
Mathieu, Julie. "Traversée d'intersection et évitement de collision en conduite automobile : identification du support perceptif et des marqueurs du couplage information-mouvement". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0602/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis Ph.D. project aims at studying the perceptual-motor mechanisms implicated in intersection crossing task. The first part of this manuscript explains the human, economic and societal challenges associated with the successfully complete the intersection crossing task. The main results of the former studies that have examined the identification of risks associated with this type of maneuver at an intersection are developed. These former studies mainly focused on high-level processes (e.g., discrete judgment or decision tasks), we have decided to focus our attention on low-level processes (e.g., visual guidance) during this Ph.D. project. For this to happen, the Ecological Approach to Perception and Action seems to be a relevant theoretical framework for studying this complex task. Indeed, it preserves the natural link between information and movement. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to the experiments completed during this research. In order to carry out our three experiments, virtual reality fixed-base driving simulator was used. This work contributes to better understand the perceptual substrate involved in intersection crossing task. Also, this work identifies different markers of control based on information-movement coupling. Firstly, our results revealed that the perceptual substrate underlying judgments of arrival time of a vehicle moving towards an intersection is distinct from the perceptual substrate underlying the active control of one’s own approach to the same intersection. Secondly, the results have also strengthened the assumption that the control of approach and intersection crossing task is based on information-movement coupling
Ibrahim, Rama. "Rôle et régulation biochimique de la Protéine HEF1 et de sa phosphorylation sur sérine dans les tumeurs colorectales". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T055.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman Enhancer of Filamentation 1 (HEF1) is a member of the p130Cas family of docking proteins. HEF1 is present at focal adhesions and is involved in integrin-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization associated with cell migration. Elevated expression of HEF1 promotes invasion and metastasis in multiple cancer cell types. To date, little is known on the role of HEF1 in CRC tumor progression. HEF1 is phosphorylated on several Ser/Thr residues but the effects of these post-translational modifications on the functions of HEF1 are poorly understood. In this manuscript, we investigated the role of HEF1 in colorectal adeno-carcinoma migration capacities. First, we found that HEF1 expression was augmented in high stages CRC samples and then showed that overexpression of HEF1 in colo-carcinoma cell line HCT116 increases cell migration. Moreover, in these cells, HEF1 increases Src-mediated phosphorylation of FAK. We then showed that HEF1 mutation on Ser-369 enhances HEF1-induced migration and FAK phosphorylation as a result of protein stabilization. We also, for the first time characterized a functional mutation of HEF1 on Arg-367 which mimics the effect of Ser-369 to Ala mutation. Finally through mass spectrometry experiments, we identified BCAR3 as an essential interactor and mediator of HEF1-induced migration. We demonstrated that single amino acid mutations that prevent formation of the HEF1-BCAR3 complex impair HEF1-mediated migration. Therefore, amino-acid substitutions that prevent Ser-369 phosphorylation stabilize HEF1 which increases the migration of CRC cells and this requires the interaction of HEF1 with the NSP family adaptor protein BCAR3. Collectively, these data reveal the importance of HEF1 expression level in cancer cell motility and then support the utilization of HEF1 as a biomarker of tumor progression
Metivier, Christine. "La motilité chez le dinoflagellé évolué Noctiluca Scintillans Mccartney : organisation structurale, régulation ionique, caractérisation biochimique et immunologique des protéines corticales". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066243.
Pełny tekst źródłaRancon, Sidonie. "Les territoires en mouvement de l'action publique éducative : imaginaire social, pratiques et identités pédagogiques : exploration dans les méandres de la réforme des rythmes scolaires (2013-2017)". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2073.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research focused on the "time" of the implementation of an educational reform: the reform of school rhythms in French primary schools (decree of 24 January 2013) and the associated territorial educational projects. It aimed to initiate a reflection on the transformations or "changes" promoted as part of the implementation of these projects, thus considering a version of the education system that has not yet been studied : local public action. We have sought to question the "Changes" from the point of view of the orientations (the "for what and for whom") of the reform, the contents and the educational practices as they are implemented by these projects (the "what"). But also by analysing the modalities, means and processes at work in the different spaces of their production (the "how"). Who are the actors who are at the initiative ? Who is involved in the deployment of these projects on national, local and international sites ? And, finally, who is the target audience for this reform ("for whom" is it being implemented) ? What do their promoters and manufacturers intend to solve and how ?
Alamy, Meryem. "Rôle du palladium dans la régulation de la motricité volontaire chez le singe : effet d'une lésion excitotoxique unilatérale sur la posture, la préparation et l'éxecution du mouvement. Implication des informations visuelles dans la compensation des déficits moteurs". Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22041.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeunier, Sabine. "Etude des variations de l'inhibition présynaptique des fibres Ia au cours des mouvements volontaires chez l'homme". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066348.
Pełny tekst źródłaChilloux, Julien. "Rôle des mouvements membranaires dans la régulation de la production endogène de glucose". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002675.
Pełny tekst źródłaFischmeister, Rodolphe. "Régulation des mouvements électrogènes du calcium à travers la membrane des cellules cardiaques". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112388.
Pełny tekst źródłaCalcium current (Ica) across the cardiac cell membrane has been studied bath theoretically and experimentally on frog heart cells. The experimental study has been performed under voltageclamp conditions using the patch-clamp technique. The limitations of the technique have been first evaluated and examples of its application to spontaneously beating chick embryonic cardiac cells are given. The theoretical study of Ica has given strong evidence against a purely voltage-dependent inactivation process. Moreover, the reduced driving force for Ca²+ ions due to calcium accumulation following influx of calcium during Ica, has been shown not to be sufficient to reduce significantly Ica during a sustained depolarization. The experimental study of Ica was performed on isolated cells from frog ventricle. Inactivation and reactivation properties of Ica have been analysed and were shown to be dependent on bath membrane potential and Ca²+ ions. The effects of several drugs have allowed to characterize the regulation of Ica by: 1) cardiac glycosides. Which exert a dual effect on le. (stimulatory and inhibitory): 2) catecholamines and forskolin, which enhance Ica through an activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) cyclic AMP whose effects are similar to catecholamines: 4) acetylcholine, which inhibits the stimulatory effects of catecholamines and forskolin but not those of cyclic AMP: 5) intracellular cyclic GMP, which reduces the positive effects of catecholamines, forskolin and cyclic AMP through a stimulation of cyclic AMP phoshodiesterase: 6) atrial natriuretic factor which conteracts the stimulatory action of β-adrenergic agonists most probably through a reduction of adenylate cyclase activity
Ayachi, Mohammed el. "Rôle du noyau interposé dans la régulation des mouvements intentionels chez le singe". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX30055.
Pełny tekst źródłaCotelle, Valérie. "Etude de processus de phosphorylation de protéines impliqués dans la régulation des mouvements stomatiques". Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30115.
Pełny tekst źródłaDernayka, Aya. "Etude sur l'apport du LIDAR pour faciliter les déplacements locomoteurs des personnes non-voyantes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASW001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe electronic cane « Tom Pouce III » is a vision substitution tool intended to make the movement of the blind user more fluid, helping him to find his way from a distance in a cluttered environment, and also to improve the autonomy and safety of his/her daily movements. The objective of this work is to observe and understand the behavior of users in controlled and reproducible situations close to those of everyday life. For this purpose, five experimental protocols were tested among 12 blind participants with between 2 and 20 years of daily use of Tom Poucce III (comparing the performance with the electronic cane and the simple white cane) as well as among 12 sighted subjects using their sight: locomotor pointing, choice of one passage among several, passability of an opening, navigation in a congested space, navigation over a long period in a moderately congested space. In addition to analyzing the results of the protocols, we also discuss the different cognitive processes and ecological variables involved in the locomotor control of blind subjects. This will allow to explain the limitations and errors in the regulation of the movement coming either from the human or from the tool. We conclude by proposing directions to improve the locomotor control for users of electronic canes
Bunda, Irina. "Analyses et régulations de l'instabilité financière internationale". Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE0505.
Pełny tekst źródłaRenaud, Jeanne. "Etude du rôle des H+-ATPases de la membrane plasmique dans la régulation des mouvements stomatiques chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4064/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaStomata are pores laocated on high plant leaf epidermis and formed by two specialized guard cells. Stomatal movement regulation in response to environment allows the control plant-atmosphere gas exchanges. Stomatal movements are ruled by rapid turgor changes in guard cells. H+-ATPases are proton pomps expressed on plant cell plasma membrane. By extruding H+ in the apoplast, these proteins generate a protomotive force able to activate secondary ionic transporters and channels. This process leads to changes in ion homeostasy and in fine to turgor changes in the guard cell. Expression analyses allowed us to identify the three AHAs isoforms expressed in the guard cell : AHA1, AHA2 and AHA5. In silico study indicates that despite the high identity percentage between the three proteins, they seem involved in differents signalisation pathways. Phenotypic characterization of mutants impaired in the expression of each AHAs allowed us to conclude that AHA1 is specific for the blue light stomatal response. Furthermore, the lack of AHA1 leads to a lower growth and a better tolerance to drought stress of aha1 mutant compare to the wild type. Sugar metabolism studies in aha1 mutant gave us informations on the compensatory mecanism for stomatal opening in this mutant. Finally, we confirmed by electrophisiologcal studies and by fluorescent pH sensitive probes elaboration, the specific involvement of AHA1 in blue light signalisation pathway in the guard cell
Ruault, Lucile. "Le spéculum, la canule et le miroir. Les MLAC et mobilisations de santé des femmes, entre appropriation féministe et propriété médicale de l’avortement (France, 1972-1984)". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20017.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom 1972 to 1984, unskilled members (i.e. without a medical degree) of the Movement for the Liberation of Abortion and Birth Control aborted women outside medical spheres, whereas the practice was getting more and more professional. Thanks to a historical ethnography combining a wide corpus of retrospective interviews and archives, the thesis focuses on the politicization of abortion and highlights its constitution as a matter of public health. This survey of some local committees of the MLAC which claimed this practice puts forward a deep analysis of both the establishment of the medical monopoly of abortion and protests against this process. During the fight, physicians and unskilled practitioners take part in the introduction and adaptation in France of the aspiration method. We can notice that from collaborations and conflicts resulting from these interactions, the authorized access to the technical know-how learnt in common benefited only fully qualified physicians.The thesis then looks into the outstanding subject of the MLACs which maintained the practice outside medical structures after a bill was passed in favour of IVG – i.e voluntary termination of pregnancy – and resumed their radical militancy in spite of the institutionalization step including feminist achievements. By questioning both the specialization of practices on bodies and the patriarchal domination of female bodies, these « dissidents » gradually assert the feminist orientation of their action. At the same time, the spreading of self help in France supports the reorientation of their demands and enriches their ideological basis. The way they appropriate new orientations, plus the politization of women’s daily life and the development of new caring methods – notably deliveries (childbirths) – urge us to consider dissident MLACs as a mobilization for health
Brugvin, Thierry. "L'action des mouvements sociaux transnationaux dans la régulation du travail : l'European clean clothes campaign et l'application des codes de conduite en Inde". Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0091.
Pełny tekst źródłaThanks to the codes of conduct and the social labels, the European Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC) intends to assure the respect of working conditions especially in developing countries. Unlike in a short time transnational social movements try to intensify the legitimacy of the social norms regulation, with the risk to privatize working inspection and some other organisms which produce norms; prejudicing the improvement and democratization of the right workers protection. The study is based on a transnational social movement the European Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC) and the french collectif "l'éthique sur l'étiquerre", on four european and transnational companies, sixteen indian subcontractors specialized in the textile industry and two monitoring organisations
Cathala, Adeline. "Rôle des récepteurs sérotoninergique2B centraux dans la régulation des voies dopaminergiques ascendantes : implication dans les effets de la cocaïne". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0075.
Pełny tekst źródłaMy study on the functional role of the central serotoninergic receptor2B (5-HT2BR) is a logical continuation of the work already carried out in the laboratory. Recent results obtained in the laboratory have shown that 5-HT2BRs differentially modulate ascending dopaminergic (DA) pathways. Indeed, 5-HT2BR antagonist reduces DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), increases DA release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and had no effect on striatal DA release. This differential control on the DA system involves an interaction between 5-HT2BR in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and 5-HT1AR expressed in the mPFC, and results from an activation of DRN 5-HT neurons projecting to the mPFC. These results point out the DRN as the major site of action of 5-HT2BRs to the control of 5-HT and DA activity. In addition, it has been shown that 5-HT2BRs blockade control the neurochemical and behavioral responses induced by psychostimulants as amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and cocaine, one of the most worldwide abused drugs. Indeed, 5-HT2BR blockade suppresses cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. This effect, which occurs independently of DA release in the NAc and striatum, where DA activity is tightly related to cocaine-induced behavioral reponses, likely involves post-synaptic interaction in subcortical DA brain regions. Nevertheless, (1) the involvement of mPFC DA release in this interaction remained to be determined, as this brain region is known for its anatomical and functional relationships with the NAc and striatum, and its involvement in cocaine-induced behavioral responses. (2) In addition, the cellular localization of 5-HT2BR within the DRN and the cellular mechanisms underlying their interactions between DA and 5-HT networks are unknown at the beginning of this study. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to answer the two points mentioned above. To this purpose, we assessed the effects of two potent and selective 5-HT2BR antagonists (RS 127445 and LY 266097) on 5-HT and DA activity, by using neurochemical, cellular and behavioral approaches in rats.In a first group of experiments, we provided anatomo-functional evidences showing that 5-HT2BR exert a GABA-mediated tonic inhibitory control on DRN 5-HT neurons innervating mPFC. This 5-HT control is a first step of a complex poly-synaptic regulation leading to differential control of DA mesocorticolimbic pathways. A second group of experiments shown that 5-HT2BR blockade inhibits cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion by acting at the level of DA neurotransmission in NAc, this effect resulting from the potentiation of cocaine-induced mPFC DA release.To conclude, the work accomplished over the past three years provides substantial information with regards to the functional role of 5-HT2BRs in the regulation of the activity of ascending DA pathways. Moreover, while improving the understanding of the interaction between DA and 5-HT systems, the present findings altogether highlight the therapeutic potential of 5-HT2BR antagonists for the treatment of cocaine addiction
Szymanska, Monika. "Marqueurs oculomoteurs et neurphysiologiques de la régulation émotionnelle liée à l'attachement à l'adolescence". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA3011.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdolescence is a time of increasing vulnerability to intemalizing and extemalizing psychopathologies associated with poor emotion regulation, including depression, anxiety and antisocial behavior. Emotion regulation is the ability to recrui processes to influence emotion generation. It is therefore important to understand how emotion regulation develops at thi time and how this relates to ongoing development in adolescence. In recent years there has been increasing interest in how attachment styles modulate emotion regulation strategies. However, few researches have addressed this question directly in adolescence. The crucial question conceming the behavioral and neurophysiological mechanisms ofregulatior strategies emotions in adolescence remains underestimated. Employing a specific, an ecologically valid paradigm, the current study determines the oculomotor and neurophysiologie patterns as a potential marker of emotion regulation strategies i.e., comfort and proximity seeking as a function ofattachment style in healthy adolescents. The Attachment Scale Interview was used to detennine attachment style (i.e., secure, fearful, enmeshed and avoidant) in eighty-one healthy adolescents. A synchronized eye-tracking and physiologie measurement device was used to determine gaze and neurophysiologie parameters, respectively, on attachment-related pictures issue from The BASP-Ado. Our results show the existence of different profiles of emotional regulation in adolescence. These results could encourage a new line of research in order to offer a therapeutic solution in the context of emotional dysregulation
Vaux, Richard. "L' Europe face aux mouvements d'objets d'art : orientations et limites de la coopération européenne en matière de régulation des flux commerciaux et de lutte contre les trafics illicites de biens culturels mobiliers". Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081908.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrulière, Gérard. "Contribution à l'étude des protéines impliquées dans la motilité cellulaire : propriétés structurales et régulatrices de la tropomyosine de plaquette, transitions isozomiques de la myosine dans les souris de la lignée "dwarf"". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066377.
Pełny tekst źródłaBommier, Swann. "A flawed development : land dispossession, transnational social movements and extraterritorial corporate regulation : Michelin in Tamil Nadu (India)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0017.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies how public policies of industrialization, foreign investments and transnational corporate governance alter social space in India. Firstly, we analyze the interactions between the population, the state and the French multinational corporation Michelin in the set-up of a new industrial park on the common lands of a village in rural Tamil Nadu. Then, we contend that while transnational social movements and extraterritorial grievance mechanisms call on multinational corporations to respect human rights, they remain insufficient to address the structural violence and the social injustice experienced in India’s contemporary industrial development
Wintrebert, Raphaël. "Décisions, critiques et pouvoirs : vers une sociologie configurationnelle du changement d'ATTAC France (1998-2002)". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0076.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhereas the creation of ATTAC France is due to a small number of organizations (trade unions, associations, newspapers), its development essentially comes from the exponential growth of members (30 000 in two years). What is at stake is therefore the place and the function of local activists and groups in the movement's national strategies. By distinguishing two mechanisms in the process of decision (the agenda building and the command of the rules of decision), we demonstrate that the structure of decision in ATTAC changed in favor of local groups, even though it's always largely controled by the national directory. The transformation of the structure of decision is actually linked to a transformation of the structure of power relations. Referring to the figurational sociology of Norbert Elias, we incorporate in a single theoretical framework the notions of decisions, power, critic and social change
Collard, Blanche. "Effet de l’organisation spatiale intra-parcellaire des habitats sur le contrôle biologique par conservation : étude et modélisation des déplacements de dermaptères dans les bananeraies Spatial organisation of habitats in agricultural plots affects per-capita predator effect on conservation biological control: an individual based modelling study". Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0710.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we investigated whether - and how - the intra-plot spatial patterns of habitats favourable to generalist predators could influence the conservation biological control (CBC) through their foraging behaviour. The general approach of this work is based on a modelling approach guided by experiments on the earwig E. caraibea, a generalist predator in banana fields of Martinique. In an experiment in banana fields, we found that the abundance and activity of earwigs seemed to be influenced by habitat types: banana tree residues appeared to be particularly more favourable to earwigs than bare soil.We developed a spatially explicit and individual-based model (Foragescape) of the foraging movements of an earwig-like predator in a banana field - based on the favourable or unfavourable nature of habitats. We found that the per-capita predator effect was strongly affected by a spatial dilution of predators, induced by favourable habitat addition, but this negative effect could be partially or fully mitigated by their spatial organisation.A key hypothesis of the Foragescape model was found on earwigs in a mesocosm experiment: earwigs movements are slower and more sinuous on residues, a favourable habitat, than on bare soil, an unfavourable habitat. Therefore, the model's predictions on spatial organisation and CBC can to some extent be adapted to the earwigs in banana fields
Keufak, Tameze Hugues Magloire. "Flux internationaux de capitaux et secret bancaire". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10404.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe regulation of the international flows of fund by a number of scattered and varied legislations modifies considerably the notion of the bank secrecy. One of the fundamental characteristics of this upheaval is that it establishes links between the various operators who intervene in the contract. The control of this operation urges States to mutualize their efforts and to put itself together to defend their respective financial interests through the fight against the illicit capital flows. Besides, the defense of these financial interest conduct unmistakably the substancial redefining of the banker on one hand, in particular the way it perceives the relation with the clientele, of collects and of exchanges information, as well as the cooperation with the public authorities and control internal and international. On the other hand, we note because of this extension of missions of the banker, an extension of the penal risks towards him
Saulnier, Anne-Marie. "Les codes de conduite sont-ils effectifs ? le cas de la maquiladora du Guatemala". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1535.
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