Artykuły w czasopismach: „REGULAR RC FRAME”

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Bhatt, Mahesh Raj, Prachand Man Pradhan i Sudip Jha. "Study on The Effect of Soft Story on Infill RC Frames Under Seismic Effect". Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 13, nr 2 (8.10.2018): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v13i2.21286.

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Construction practice of reinforced concrete (RC) frames infilled with unreinforced masonry is quite common now-days in urban cities in Nepal and elsewhere. Previous study shows the lateral load transfer mechanism is different than that of bare frames in infill buildings. Because of the unavoidable circumstances like elimination of central columns, elimination of infill wall in basement for parking purpose and reducing the size of frame members etc. may cause the particular story to be soft.In this study the infill RC frames with stiffness irregularity has been analysed with linear time history method using Gorkha-2015 earthquake as ground motion using structural analysis and design software (ETABS 2000 V.16). In total 8-numbers of 6-story RC infilled frames were analysed introducing the soft story in each story level respectively from basement to top. Regular frame was designed as per IS 1893:2002 load combination considering torsional effect. After analyse of bare frame, regular frame and irregular frames the global and story level seismic demand parameters were studied comparatively. Base/Story shear, Story displacement, inter-story drift and fundamental time period were the parameters compared taking regular frame as reference case.Results showed that, there is significant effect of location of irregularity on the seismic demand. The global and story level seismic demand is higher when the irregularity is introduced in bottom part of the buildings and further it showed that the lateral strength of RC frames get highly enhanced due to introductions of infill in analytical models.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 13, No. 2, 2017, page:79-91

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Bohara, Birendra Kumar, Kafeel Hussain Ganaie i Prasenjit Saha. "Seismic Analysis of Retrofitting of RC Regular Frame with V-Braced Frame". Journal of Engineering Technology and Planning 2, nr 1 (19.08.2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joetp.v2i1.39229.

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Retrofitting of the existing buildings helps to reduce the serious damages under the strong ground motions. In retrofitting techniques, steel bracings are used to resist the lateral load effectively. In this study, the author aimed to investigate the four-story RC frames without and with steel bracings to understand the seismic performances of the buildings. The authors select the V bracings having 7 different thickness of steel bracings ( t= 2.5, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 20mm) and observed the effect in seismic behaviors of the structures in terms of maximum story displacements, inter-story drift (ISD), base shear, fundamental time period (FTP) and capacity curves. In addition, it observed the failure behaviors of the structures. To study the seismic behaviors, the response spectrum analysis and nonlinear static analysis are performed in ETABs software. The result indicates that V bracing improves the seismic performances of the RC frames as well as improves the strength capacity and stiffness of the buildings. Adding bracing in RC frames decreases the top story displacements and inter story drift of the buildings. To get the expected failure mechanism in the braced frames and suitable uniform energy dissipation behaviors, the bracings are designed in such a way that the RC columns should be the main line of defense in the dual systems. Expected failure mechanism is obtained when stronger column, weak beam and weaker bracings design philosophy is used and it is only possible when the columns are designed to resist at least 50% lateral base shear in dual systems. A suitable thickness of bracings which is economical and structurally good should be selected.

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Priyatham, B. P. R. V. S., D. V. S. R. K. Chaitanya i Girma Eshete. "Study on Response of Regular RC Space Frames Subjected to Equivalent Static Blast Load". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (16.08.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1245126.

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In this paper, the response of regular concrete space frames subjected to gravity and blast loads for a six-storey building of 18 m high for a charge weight of 100 kg TNT at a 40 m range is studied. The type of blast chosen is a surface blast. Five different types of frames, skeleton frame (SFR), skeleton frame with the stiffness of slab (SFRS), skeleton frame with the stiffness of slab and 230 mm thick infill walls (SFRSWs 1), skeleton frame with the stiffness of slab and 150 mm thick infill walls (SFRSWs 2), and skeleton frame with the stiffness of slab and 115 mm thick infill walls (SFRSWs 3) were modelled and analyzed using STAAD Pro by converting the peak reflected blast pressure into equivalent static pressure by using the dynamic load factor. As the storey level increases the lateral displacements, shear force, and bending moment decrease due to a decrease in the impact of the blast at higher stories. The incorporation of infill walls in SFRSW1, SFRSW2, and SFRSW3 type frames shows a significant reduction in the lateral displacements due to the increase of stiffness when compared with SFR type frames.

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Parekh, D. B., J. M. Suthar i S. P. Purohit. "Seismic performance of RC plane frame building Irregular in Mass". Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, nr 1 (19.12.2022): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.572.

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With increase in urban infrastructure, irregularities in buildings are increasing. These irregularities are results of aesthetic and functional needs. Past research works give clear difference between seismic response of regular and irregular building configurations. Seismic analysis and design of 10 storey Reinforced Concrete (RC) Moment Resisting Frame building is given in this paper. Vertical irregularity in terms of mass variation is present. Indian codes of practices are used for the modelling and analysis of building such as IS 1893(Part-1):2016 and IS 456. Linear static, linear dynamic and nonlinear time history analysis are used to get seismic response. Twenty-three earthquake ground motions have been used. Evaluated results such as displacement, storey drift, inter storey drift and storey shear are compared with regular building having similar configuration.

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Tang, Jian, i Ping Wen Mao. "Study on Seismic Performance of Regular RC Frame with Specially Shaped Columns". Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (maj 2011): 5152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5152.

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According to the code and technical regulation, a regular RC frame with specially shaped columns have been designed, which situated at the area of fortification intensity 7(0.15g). Subsequently, the nonlinear dynamic analysis has been carried out for the structure by inputting ground motions in one direction. After summing up the calculation results, this paper have examined seismic performance of the structure under the rare seismic actions and given a primary evaluation on the structure to see if it achieves the predetermined seismic aims. It indicates that the structure designed the codes can achieve the predetermined seismic aims under the rare earthquake.

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Fragiadakis, Michalis, Dimitrios Vamvatsikos i Mark Aschheim. "Application of Nonlinear Static Procedures for the Seismic Assessment of Regular RC Moment Frame Buildings". Earthquake Spectra 30, nr 2 (maj 2014): 767–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/111511eqs281m.

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The applicability of nonlinear static procedures for estimating the seismic demands of typical regular RC moment-resisting frames is evaluated. This work, conducted within the framework of the ATC-76-6 project, shows the degree to which nonlinear static methods can characterize global and local response demands vis-à–vis those determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis for three RC moment-frame buildings. The response quantities (engineering demand parameters) considered are peak story displacements, story drifts, story shears, and floor overturning moments. The single-mode pushover methods evaluated include the N2 and the ASCE-41 coefficient methods. Multi-modal pushover methods, such as modal pushover analysis and the consecutive modal pushover method, were also evaluated. The results indicate that the relatively good performance of the single-mode methods observed for low-rise buildings rapidly deteriorates as the number of stories increases. The multi-modal techniques generally extend the range of applicability of pushover methods, but at the cost of additional computation and without ensuring the reliability of the results.

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Ghiţă, Ana-Maria. "Seismic Design Of Low-Rise Office Buildings According To Romanian Seismic Codes. Case Study." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 11, nr 2 (1.05.2015): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmce-2015-0007.

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Abstract The paper presents a study case and highlights the changes made by the new, in force, seismic Code P100-1/2013 in comparison with the former P100-1/2006, concerning the reinforced concrete frame structural systems design. Different seismic designed RC frames systems, compatible with modern office requirements, were studied. The influence of the earthquake codes provisions on design of regular buildings, having openings fitted for open spaces, with a story height of 3.50m, was assessed. The benefits of tubular structures, with rigid frames made of closely spaced columns on the building perimeter, were analyzed as well. The results of the study case are presented emphasizing the consequences of the application of the new seismic Code on the computation of the reinforced concrete frame structures.

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Aninthaneni, Pavan K., i Rajesh P. Dhakal. "Prediction of fundamental period of regular frame buildings". Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 49, nr 2 (30.06.2016): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.49.2.175-189.

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The most important structural parameter in the estimation of the seismic demand on a building is the natural period of the building’s fundamental/first mode of vibration. There are several existing empirical, analytical, and experimental methods which can be used to estimate the fundamental period of a building. The empirical equations prescribed in the building codes are simple, but they do not consider actual building properties, and are very approximate. On the other hand, analytical methods like Eigenvalue analysis and Rayleigh method are able to consider most of the structural parameters that are known to affect the period of a building. Nevertheless, the analytical methods require considerable effort and expertise; often requiring structural analysis software’s to estimate the fundamental period of a building. In this paper, a generic method is developed to estimate the fundamental period of regular frame buildings and a simple yet reliable equation is proposed. The equation is derived using the basic concept of MacLeod’s method for estimation of roof/top deflection of a frame building, which is modified to more accurately predict the lateral stiffness of moment resisting frames under triangular lateral force distribution typically used in seismic design and analysis of frame buildings. To verify the reliability and versatility of the developed equation, the fundamental periods predicted are compared with the periods obtained from Eigenvalue analysis for a large number of low to medium rise RC frame buildings. The fundamental period predicted using the proposed equation is also verified using the period obtained using the Rayleigh method and measured in experimental tests. Since the proposed equation was found to closely predict the fundamental period, the results are used to study the limitations of the empirical equations prescribed in building codes. The applicability of the proposed equation to predict the fundamental period of low to medium rise frame buildings with minor irregularity is also investigated, and it was found that the proposed equation can be used for slightly irregular frame buildings without inducing any additional error. The proposed equation is simple enough to be implemented into building design codes and can be readily used by practicing engineers in design of new buildings as well as assessment of existing buildings.

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Landingin, Jaime, Hugo Rodrigues, Humberto Varum, António Arêde i Aníbal Costa. "Comparative Analysis of RC Irregular Buildings Designed According to Different Seismic Design Codes". Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 7, nr 1 (30.12.2013): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801307010221.

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The present paper presents a comparison of seismic provisions of three seismic design codes, the Philippine code, Eurocode 8 and the American code, to the most common ordinary residential frames of standard occupancy. Regular and irregular reinforced concrete frames were analyzed and compared for four storey building types. The response spectrum and the seismic parameters of NSCP 2010 were considered for the horizontal load action with different load combinations. Response spectrum analysis and equivalent lateral force analysis were performed using SAP2000 software package. Five representative columns for each RC frame structure were analyzed. Based on the results of column axial load - bending moment interaction diagrams, EC8 was found to be conservative when compared to NSCP 2010 and 2009 IBC. The conclusion is that for the design and analysis of ordinary RC residential buildings with certain irregularity, EC8 provisions were considered to be safer.

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Sapate, Vishal, i Mahesh R. Chincholkar. "Tortional Effect in Vertically Mass Irregular RC Frame Structure under Response Spectrum Analysis". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 7 (31.07.2023): 2279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55120.

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Abstract: The structures having discontinuity like distribution of mass, stiffness and geometry of the structure are termed as Irregular structures. Irregular structures contribute a large portion of urban infrastructure. The past earthquakes have shown catastrophic effect on the buildings with irregularities. It was seen that the buildings with irregularities are more prone to earthquake then the regular building. In the present study a special case of vertical mass irregularity are discussed. Six different models including three basic cases of buildings models i.e. vertically regular structure, vertically irregular structure and vertically irregular structure with shear wall at different position are taken for analysis by Response spectrum. It has observed that, the torsion, base reaction, displacement and modal load participation ratio in structure. This study exhibits effect of mass variation aspect of RCC structure

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Zhang, Xing Xian, i Wen Pan. "Numerical Analysis on a New Type Cross-Shaped Frame Joint of Steel Reinforced Concrete Special-Shaped Column". Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (sierpień 2013): 969–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.969.

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In order to facilitate the construction, this paper presents a new type of cross-shaped frame joint of steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column, and the cross-shaped frame joint of new type of specially-shaped column is the regular concrete joint which is added acre steel-shaped steel. Numerical analysis is conducted on a regular concrete cross-shaped frame joint of specially-shaped column of a frame structure in the region with intensity 8 of Chinese intensity scale, and the joint of corresponding new type of specially-shaped column of the same structure, to obtain the conclusion that when the new type of cross-shaped frame joint of steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column is 6% in steel ratio, the ultimate bearing capacity of joint relative to the RC nodes can improve 34.5%.which shows that the cross-shaped frame joint of new type of specially-shaped column can not only has the advantages of convenient construction, accelerate the construction speed, and the shear capacity also has safeguard.

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Al-Nimry, Hanan. "Development of Seismic Fragility Curves of RC Infilled Frame Buildings in Jordan". MATEC Web of Conferences 281 (2019): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928101012.

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This article examines the seismic fragility of low- and mid-rise RC infilled frame buildings in Jordan comprising stone-concrete infill panels. Three dimensional models of 2, 4 and 6 story regular and irregular representative buildings were developed. Pushover analyses were performed to construct capacity curves of the model buildings. Four damage states were considered: slight, moderate, extensive and complete and damage state thresholds were assigned, using expert opinion, based on yield and ultimate spectral displacements of the capacity spectra. Sets of preliminary fragility curves were developed to quantify earthquake damage probabilities in terms of spectral displacements.

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Burilo, Dalibor, Damir Markulak, Tihomir Dokšanović i Davorin Penava. "Reliability Assessment of Masonry Infilled RC Frame Building’s Earthquake Performance through Accidental Torsion Consideration". Civil Engineering Journal 9, nr 2 (1.02.2023): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-02-017.

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Accidental torsional behaviour induced by horizontal loading is difficult to predict, being a complex phenomenon governed by many variables. This problem gains an additional dimension of complexity when nonlinear responses with imperfections need to be considered. Therefore, evaluation and understanding the influence of accidental torsion are fundamental in seismic reliability estimation. This study offers vital insights based on the results of a 1/2.5 scale three-story masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame building’s test on a shaking table. The building was tested under ten consecutive ground motions with increasing ag/g, recorded at Herzeg Novi station during the 1979-M6.9 Montenegro earthquake. The accidental eccentricity, considered a random variable, resulted from unsymmetrical masonry infill wall damage in an otherwise regular building. Its effect, in relation to that of other random (design) variables, was evaluated utilising weight factors and, in addition, assessed through various building code provisions and state-of-the-art research findings. The analysis revealed that the accidental eccentricity, as compared to other random variables considered, could, under certain conditions, reach values higher than those prescribed by the building codes. This unacceptable seismic reliability clearly warns that accidental torsion of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames in in-situ conditions must be considered even in regular buildings. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-02-017 Full Text: PDF

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Abebe, Beka, i Jong Lee. "Incorporation of Torsional & Higher-Mode Responses in Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Asymmetric RC Frame Buildings". Applied Sciences 9, nr 6 (15.03.2019): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061095.

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Direct displacement-based design (DDBD) is currently a widely used displacement-based seismic design method. DDBD accounts for the torsional response of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings by using semi-empirical equations formulated for wall-type buildings. Higher-mode responses are incorporated by using equations obtained from only a few parametric studies of regular planar frames. In this paper, there is an attempt to eliminate torsional responses by proportioning frames’ secant stiffnesses so that the centers of rigidity and supported mass (the mass on and above each story) coincide. Once the torsional rotations are significantly reduced and only translational motions are achieved, higher-mode responses are included using a technique developed by the authors in their recent paper. The efficiency of the proposed design procedure in fulfilling the intended performance objective is checked by two plan-asymmetric 20-story RC frame building cases. Case-I has the same-plan configuration while Case-II has a different-plan configuration along the height. Both cases have different bay widths in orthogonal directions. Verification of the case studies by nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) has shown that the proposed method results in designs that satisfy the performance objective with reasonable accuracy without redesigning members. It is believed that a step forward is undertaken toward rendering design verification by NTHA less necessary, thereby saving computational resources and effort.

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Hashmi, Arshad K. "Seismic Evaluation and Preliminary Design of Regular Setback Masonry Infilled Open Ground Storey RC Frame". Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A 97, nr 2 (26.03.2016): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40030-016-0151-5.

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Jadhav, Rupali, i Abhishek Jaiswal. "Study of Effect of Seismic Excitation Angle for the Analysis of Regular and Irregular RC Frame". IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 14, nr 02 (kwiecień 2017): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-1402078083.

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Bruschi, Eleonora, Virginio Quaglini i Luca Zoccolini. "Seismic Upgrade of Steel Frame Buildings by Using Damped Braces". Applied Sciences 13, nr 4 (5.02.2023): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042063.

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Supplementary energy dissipation has proved to be an effective way of protecting structures from the disastrous effects of earthquakes and has been used in the last decades both in new and in existing constructions. In this regard, various procedures for the design of the damping system for the seismic retrofit of buildings have been formulated over the years, mainly focused on reinforced concrete (RC) constructions, which represent the largest part of the existing stock in many seismic-prone countries. The study deals with the assessment of a displacement-based design procedure for proportioning the damping system recently proposed in the literature for RC framed buildings, with the goal of establishing a good practice for the application of the procedure to steel buildings as well. The method was applied to three case-study frames, regular in plan and in elevation, which were assumed as being representative of old structures designed without consideration of seismic requirements. The retrofit was performed by using chevron braces equipped with dampers with an elastic-perfectly plastic behavior. The method aimed at defining the properties of the dampers to achieve a target performance in terms of the maximum lateral deflection for a specific level of seismic intensity. The effectiveness and reliability of the proposed procedure was eventually assessed by evaluating the seismic performance of the upgraded steel structures in static and dynamic non-linear analyses.

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Hak, Sanja, Paolo Morandi i Guido Magenes. "Prediction of inter-storey drifts for regular RC structures with masonry infills based on bare frame modelling". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, nr 1 (10.08.2017): 397–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0210-y.

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Silva, Vitor, Helen Crowley, Humberto Varum, Rui Pinho i Luis Sousa. "Investigation of the characteristics of Portuguese regular moment-frame RC buildings and development of a vulnerability model". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13, nr 5 (11.09.2014): 1455–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9669-y.

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Bilgin, Hüseyin, i Rezarta Uruçi. "Effects of structural irregularities on low and mid-rise RC building response". Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 4, nr 2 (9.06.2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2018.02.001.

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During the recent earthquakes, it has been observed that structural irregularities are one of the main reasons of the building damage. Irregularities are weak points in a building which may cause failure of one element or total collapse of the building during an earthquake. Since Albania is a country with moderate seismicity which has been hit by earthquakes of different magnitudes many times establishes the need to study the effect of irregularities is well-founded. The main structural irregularities encountered in Albanian construction practice consist of short column, large and heavy overhangs and soft story. In this study, these types of irregularities are considered in two different types of buildings, low and mid-rise reinforced concrete frame buildings represented by 3- and 6- story respectively. Pushover analyses are deployed to get the effect of structural irregularities on RC building response. A building set is chosen to represent the existing construction practice in the region; regular framed building and buildings with irregularities such as soft stories, short columns, heavy overhangs and the presence of soft story with heavy overhangs. The analyses have been conducted by using ETABS and Seismosoft software. Pushover curves of building set are determined by nonlinear static analysis in two orthogonal directions. Comparative performance evaluations are done by considering EC8 and Albanian Seismic codes (KTP-N2-89). From the obtained results, it is observed that low and mid-rise structures with soft story- two sided overhangs and short column are more vulnerable during earthquakes.

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Liu, Yanhui, Khalil Al-Bukhaiti, Hussein Abas i Zhao Shichun. "Effect of CFRP Shear Strengthening on the Flexural Performance of the RC Specimen under Unequal Impact Loading". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (18.11.2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5403835.

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Strengthening with externally bonded CFRP reinforcement is widely used in structural reinforcement and attractive to stakeholders and engineers because of ease and speed of construction, corrosion resistance, lightweight, high strength, and versatility stiffness which can be oriented according to the need. Numerous research studies were carried out to explore RC beams’ flexural and shear performance when subjected to dynamic impact loading. The results were auspicious in using such a technique of strengthening. Regular square section reinforced concrete frame members strengthened by CFRP material is taken as the research object. However, little attention to the impact behavior of CFRP-shear-strengthened square reinforced concrete (RC) specimens has been paid. The dynamic response of CFRP to reinforced concrete members under unequal cross-impact is discussed. This paper investigates the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening on the square RC specimen in preventing shear failure and evaluation of the flexural performance of the strengthened specimen under the impact load. The drop hammer impact test is firstly conducted on RC specimens with and without CFRP strengthening. The results show that using CFRP to strengthen the RC specimen in shear is very effective at preventing shear failure and leading the specimen’s response to flexural domination. This result is also the motivation for developing a numerical model supported by experimental tests to study the flexural performance of strengthened RC specimens. It is found that the strengthened specimen is prone to exhibit pure bending deformation under the impact load in terms of dynamic amplification factor (DAF) for section moment. Then, an extensive parameter study is carried out to evaluate further the influence of impact velocity, reinforcement ratio, and concrete strength on the flexural performance of the strengthened specimen and CFRP layers. Such a holistic study may provide preliminary research regarding the use of CFRP to strengthen RC specimens in shear under impact loads and will enhance the current state of knowledge in this area; also, the optimal value of the CFRP reinforcement layer was proposed.

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AL-Bukhaiti, Khalil, Liu Yanhui, Zhao Shichun, Hussien Abas i Dong Aoran. "Dynamic Equilibrium of CFRP-RC Square Elements under Unequal Lateral Impact". Materials 14, nr 13 (27.06.2021): 3591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133591.

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Building structure regularly needs reinforcement due to damage, specification requirements, and functional changes; carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in structural reinforcement due to its high strength, lightweight, good corrosion resistance and easy construction. The regular square section reinforced concrete frame elements strengthened by CFRP material are taken as the research object. The dynamic response of CFRP to reinforced concrete elements under unequal lateral impact was discussed. This technical paper demonstrates that the test elements are subject to the bending failure mode, and the impact point and the near impact point support are severely damaged areas; the transversely wrapped elements are more abruptly broken, and the longitudinal wrapping elements and the number of wrapping layers can effectively reduce the level of damage. Analysis of the impact, deflection, and strain time history curves obtained in the test show that the wrapping mode and the number of layers have less influence on the impact force peak; the longitudinally wrapped elements and the plateau segment take longer. Dynamic equilibrium principle equation was proposed based on the experimental results. The horizontal partition plateau segment fluctuates greatly; the number of vertical wrap layers increases the plateau value. The larger the number of layers, the smaller the deflection caused by the impact. The longitudinal wrapping can effectively transmit the force.

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poh’sie*, Dr Eng Guillaume Hervé, Eng Linda Kevine Guiameugne Guabiapsie, Eng Gabrielle Laure Djeukoua Nathou, Eng Giuseppe Cardillo i Prof Carmelo Majorana. "Finite Element Method Analysis Applied to Different Foundations Structures Systems". International Journal of Innovative Science and Modern Engineering 7, nr 3 (30.08.2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijisme.c1289.087321.

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In the conventional static analysis of building frames, the base is idealised on rigid supports and the building is subdivided into three parts namely, the superstructure, the foundation and the ground soil, before design. In real life situations, the soil underneath the building undergoes deformations which may alter the performance of the structure. In this paper, it is studied the effect of soil type and foundation type on the response of a building frame system with both fixed base and flexible base. The Winkler model of soil-structure interaction is adopted to study the influence of soil flexibility and foundation rigidity on a 4 storey RC building with a regular plan resting on three types of soils namely, the light peat marshy ground, wet clay and medium gravel with fine sand. Three types of foundations are considered in the study: isolated footings, tied foundation and the raft (with and without overhangs) foundations. Winkler model is developed using springs by Finite Element Method in SAP2000. The settlement, the bending moment, the shear force and the axial force are the parameters placed forth for the comparative study. Results obtained reveal an increase in the response of the structure with respect to the soil flexibility and foundation rigidity.

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Vijayan, Anand, i Raiza Susan George. "Mid Rise Building having Oblique Column with and without Damper: A Review". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 4 (30.04.2023): 2533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50706.

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Abstract: As the modern culture of living develops, conventional regular shaped buildings are getting outdated with new designs of complex irregular shaped structures. That irregularity became the new mode of measuring the modernity and development of that society. The complex shapes demands the need of designing irregular shaped structural elements too. One of that structural elements is oblique columns. The Oblique columns are inclined or slanted or rotated at an angle to reference line. Oblique columns are stiffer and the initial stiffness of the reinforced concrete frames largely depends upon the stiffness of oblique column. For oblique column of below 90°, there will be a decrease in plan dimensions and for above 90°, there will be increase in plan dimensions as we reach upper floors. It affects the lateral stiffness of these buildings. Compared to standard columns, oblique columns of below 90° have lesser storey shear values and oblique columns of above 90° have higher storey shear values. Stiffness of reinforced concrete frames with oblique columns depends on the distribution of oblique columns. The lateral loads are resisted by structure with oblique columns of below 90°, the highest storey displacement is less in oblique structure as compared to the easy RC Frame building. The building is analyzed with and without viscous dampers. In this review paper, attempts are made to review the previous studies related to buildings with oblique columns and dampers. It aims at consolidating the outcomes of several attempted kinds of research to improve the overall stability of the buildings with oblique column.

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Devi, Kiran, i Subhankar Petal. "A Comparative Study on Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings in Different Seismic Zones". Journal of Smart Buildings and Construction Technology 5, nr 2 (1.07.2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jsbct.v5i2.5673.

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The multi-story buildings are constructed to accommodate numerous residents in confined spaces due to the growing population and lack of available land. The population growth and industrial revolution caused a migration of people from rural to urban areas resulting in the need for the construction of multi-story buildings for both residential and commercial uses. The tall buildings, which are not adequately constructed to resist lateral stresses, result in the total collapse of the structure. Buildings that can withstand earthquake forces are created by considering different criteria such as the building’s inherent frequency, damping factor, kind of base, significance of the building and ductility of the structure. Because they have better moment distribution properties, structures designed for ductility need to be designed for lower lateral loads. To ensure safety against the seismic stresses of multi-story buildings, it is essential to understand seismic analysis in order to develop earthquake-resistant structures. Both a regular moment resisting frame and a special moment-resisting frame were taken into account for the seismic study. In the present study, a G + 8 storey reinforced concrete (RC) structure in three different seismic zones was compared in terms of percentage longitudinal steel, reinforcement details, and design base shear. The structure was examined for seismic zones III, IV, and V in accordance with the guidelines of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016. Results showed that base shear increased with the change in the seismic zone from III to V.

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Shaher, Dr Aref Murshed. "Foundation and Analysis of Multistoried High-Rise-Building". مجلة جامعة الملكة أروى العلمية المحكمة 1, nr 25 (15.07.2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58963/qausrj.v1i25.103.

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Analysis and design of buildings for static forces is a routine af- fair these days because of availability of affordable computers and specialized programs which can be used for the analysis. On the other hand, dynamic analysis is a time consuming process and requires additional input related to mass of the structure, and an understanding of structural dynamics for interpretation of analytical results. Reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings are most common type of constructions in urban, which are sub- jected to several types of forces during their lifetime, such as static forces due to dead and live loads and dynamic forces due to the wind and earthquake. Here the present works (problem taken) are on a 35th storied regular building. These buildings have the plan area of 25m x 45m with a storey height 3.6m each and depth of foundation is 2.4 m. & total height of chosen build- ing including depth of foundation is 132 m. This paper describes seismic analysis of high-rise building using program in STA- ADPro. with various conditions of lateral stiffness system. The static and dynamic analysis has done on computer with the help of STAAD-Pro software using the parameters for the design as per the for the zones and the post processing result obtained has summarized.

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Lakusic, Stjepan. "Refined NSA approach for seismic assessment of regular RC frames". Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 69, nr 12 (styczeń 2018): 1137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14256/jce.1390.2016.

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Abdelaziz, Mohamed M., Mohamed S. Gomaa i Hany El-Ghazaly. "Effect of Unreinforced Masonry Infill Walls on Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Framed Structures". Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, nr 1 (23.11.2017): 919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010919.

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Introduction:Unreinforced Masonry infill walls (URM) are commonly used in the Reinforced Concrete (RC) framed structures as interiors and exteriors partition walls. Although they usually are not considered in the structural analysis and design, their influence on the seismic performance of the framed structures is significant. A common practice in the modern and old RC buildings is to remove the URM walls in the lower stories for commercial reasons; garages, storages, shopsetc.Methods:In the present work, the effect of the URM walls on seismic performance of the RC framed structure will be studied. For that, three groups of 2-D three-bay framed structures, which are fully and partially infilled with the URM walls, will be studied. These groups are classified as three stories, six stories, and nine stories RC framed structures representing low, medium and, high rise buildings; respectively. In each group, different infill panels' configuration will be studied in order to simulate the cases of ignoring or considering the stiffness and strength of the URM. Double-strut nonlinear cyclic model for masonry panels has been utilized in order to account for the structural action of the URM walls. Pushover analysis is adopted for the evaluation of the seismic response of the frames considering the material inelasticity and the geometric nonlinearity in the analysis.Results and Conclusion:Some selected numerical simulation results in terms of base shear forces, lateral deflections, and inter-story drift ratios are obtained for all the considered configurations and presented in comparative way. The regular distribution of the infill walls can improve the framed structure performance. However, omitting the infill from the ground story leads to soft story phenomena as the columns in this story are more vulnerable due to the shear forces acting on them.

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Xiang, Yang, Jia Guo i Shoichi Kishiki. "Analytical approach for vertical floor acceleration of regular RC frames under earthquake excitation". Engineering Structures 251 (styczeń 2022): 113546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113546.

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Landi, Luca, Bernardino Pollioa i Pier Paolo Diotallevi. "Effectiveness of different standard and advanced pushover procedures for regular and irregular RC frames". Structural Engineering and Mechanics 51, nr 3 (10.08.2014): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.51.3.433.

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Zaherdannak, Amin, Amirhosein Shabani i Saeed Erfani. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of Special RC Frames with Gravity Steel Columns under the Base Level". Shock and Vibration 2020 (30.06.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8825258.

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In many multistory buildings, basement levels are used as parking spaces. However, dimensions of reinforced concrete columns at these levels cause them to be unideal parking spaces. An alternative is to replace the RC columns in middle frames with steel columns that are not a part of seismic force resisting system and only support vertical loads, therefore have smaller sections. Using simply supported steel columns under the base level is beneficial not only because they have smaller cross-sections which lead to increasing the parking space but also these steel columns are easier to be replaced after any possible damages and can be considered as convenient alternatives compared to ordinary RC columns in construction. In this research, seismic performance of structures implementing the suggested alternative is evaluated using nonlinear static and dynamic analyses and compared to that of regular counterparts. Results show that these structures pass the acceptability tests proposed by FEMA P695 methodology. Moreover, seismic performance factors of these two structural systems have been calculated and proposed.

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Wankhade, Vaishnavi Nitin. "A Seismic Vulnerability and Fragility of RC Conventional and Monolithic Building". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 6 (30.06.2022): 4732–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45042.

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Abstract: This thesis aim is to study the modeling and analysis of monolithic building by STAAD PRO modeling of normal framed building and regular monolithic building have to be conducted and analysis and modeling of different plan irregular building, using equivalent static analysis, modal analysis, response spectrum analysis. The earthquake response of the building and damage assessment and are found out by comparing the analysis result. The earthquake parameters of building is comparing in X-direction. In this study the vulnerability assessment is analyzed by DCR method. In this study we compared the RC building and monolithic buildings analysis with two types of seismic zones

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Landi, Luca, Filippo Conti i Pier Paolo Diotallevi. "Effectiveness of different distributions of viscous damping coefficients for the seismic retrofit of regular and irregular RC frames". Engineering Structures 100 (październik 2015): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.05.031.

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Shetty, Shanmukha, Subrahmanya R.M., Sushanth Bhandary i Thushar Shetty. "Comparative study on seismic performance of specially shaped RC columns with that of rectangular columns in high-rise structures". International Journal of Structural Integrity 11, nr 2 (23.08.2019): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-03-2019-0027.

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Purpose Columns are structural elements that are predominantly subjected to compressive forces and moments that are to be transferred from the super-structure to the sub-structure. The geometrical shape of a column is a significant factor to be considered. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Pushover analysis is carried out, to study the behavior of RC frames with rectangular and specially shaped columns for the same building layout. Findings Reduction of 27.3 percent in base shear, 67.4 percent in spectral displacement, 66.5 percent reduction in storey displacement, 70.22 percent in storey drift and 0.315 percent reduction in storey shear is observed. Practical implications Special shaped RC columns can effectively enhance the structural behavior of high rise structures under seismic excitation in comparison to those with regular shaped RC columns. Originality/value Applications of special shaped columns in structures have showed a great deal of reduction in displacement and shear forces developed due to seismic activity, for the same area of concrete and steel as in rectangular columns.

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Al Adwan, Jamal Ghazi, Salam Al Kasassbeh, Jafar Al Thawabteh, Bilal Yasin i Yazan Alzubi. "Efficiency of Friction Pendulum Bearings in Vertically Irregular Structures Subjected to Various Types of Earthquakes". Civil Engineering Journal 8, nr 9 (1.09.2022): 1815–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-09-05.

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The attention towards seismic mitigation using passive control systems has increased significantly over the last few decades to reduce earthquake demands and achieve the required performance objectives. Nowadays, friction pendulum bearings have proven efficient in mitigating regular RC structures subjected to a wide range of earthquakes. Nonetheless, limited studies were dedicated to investigating the performance and efficiency of this type of isolation system utilized in RC structures with various types of vertical irregularities. Besides, comprehensive parametric assessments that investigate the behavior of structures supported on friction pendulum bearings subjected to pulse-like and non-pulse-like earthquakes are scarce. Thus, this study aims to assess the behavior of RC frames equipped with friction pendulum isolators under different types of earthquakes. In the context of the paper, three types of vertical irregularities, known as soft-story, heavy-story, and stepped structures, will be modeled and investigated. Moreover, the outcomes of these buildings will be benchmarked to a regular model to illustrate the efficiency of the selected isolation systems. Furthermore, the performance of the base-isolated buildings with friction pendulum isolators subjected to pulse-like and non-pulse-like earthquakes will be reported. In general, the study results have shown that pulse-like earthquakes exhibited higher values than non-pulse-like earthquakes for the different responses of the structures at the periods of 2.5 and 3 and the damping ratios of 15%, 20%, and 25%. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-05 Full Text: PDF

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Panthi, Ashim, Ashin Lamsal, Binod Pathak, Kishor Poudel i Bharat Pradhan. "Design Demands of RC Buildings Due to Irregularities". Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 8, nr 1 (23.06.2023): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v8i1.55915.

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The RC-framed building is one of the most common construction technique for seismic-resistant structures due to its ductile nature. However, the seismic performance of RC structures can be significantly influenced by different factors, irregularities being one of the most important aspect. Irregularities on buildings increase the lateral seismic forces and inter-storey drifts thus increasing seismic demands in the structural elements. Due to architectural or functional requirements, many times irregularities cannot be avoided even though such arrangements are discouraged in the building codes including the Nepal National Building Code (NBC) 105:2020. Although many studies have been performed to quantify the effects of such irregularities internationally, design effect has not been analyzed in the context of Nepal and NBC 105:2020. Therefore, this study aims to present the variation in design demand for RC buildings in different irregularities scenarios. Three buildings models exhibiting irregularities in torsion, stiffness, and diaphragm are taken and analyzed in Finite Element platform SAP 2000 and compared with a regular building in terms of storey drift, internal forces, etc. The final design of the structural elements shows that the design demand in terms of section size and reinforcements can be significantly influenced by the presence of such irregularities.

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Demir, Ahmet. "Investigation of the effect of real ground motion record number on seismic response of regular and vertically irregular RC frames". Structures 39 (maj 2022): 1074–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2022.03.091.

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B S, Poornima. "Comparative Study on Seismic Response of Regular and Irregular RC Framed Buildings with HDRB, LRB and FPS Base Isolation Systems". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, nr 6 (30.06.2019): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.6140.

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Palanci, Mehmet, Ahmet Demir i Ali Haydar Kayhan. "Quantifying the effect of amplitude scaling of real ground motions based on structural responses of vertically irregular and regular RC frames". Structures 51 (maj 2023): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.03.040.

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Khanal, Bharat, i Hemchandra Chaulagain. "Study of Seismic Response Demands of Different L-shaped Buildings". Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 1, nr 1 (18.12.2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v1i1.33537.

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The present study evaluates the effect of plan configuration irregularity of different L shaped models. For this, one regular and six different L-shaped RC building frames were modeled for numerical analysis. The analysis was done through an equivalent static lateral force method and response spectrum analysis (dynamic analysis). The seismic response demands were measured in terms of story displacement, inter-story drift ratio, torsional irregularity ratio, and torsional diaphragm rotation. In addition, fundamental time period of structure, vibration mode shapes and modal participating mass ratios were also studied. The study shows that the fundamental time period of structure based on standard code shows a lower value as compared to a finite element approach. It is concluded that to account for the irregularities present within the buildings, current code provisions are insufficient and should be amended.

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Gupta, Sumit, i Sumit Pahwa. "FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AN RCC STAIR USING STAAD-PRO: A REVIEW". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, nr 9 (30.09.2018): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i9.2018.1234.

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Our primary goal is to finish layout of stair is to ensure that the shape is safe and most economical in opposition to all feasible loading situations and to fulfill the feature for which they've built. Safety necessities should be in order that the structure is able to serve it cause with the hold fee. Detailed planning of the shape normally comes from several studies made by using city planners, investors, users, architects and different engineers. All the demanding situations faced via structural engineers had been taken as opportunities to develop software program’s together with STAAD-PRO, ETABS & SAFE, SAP etc., with ease of use. Software consisting of STAAD-pro is main commercial software program global for structural evaluation. The design outcomes the usage of STAAD PRO of a Stair case, for each regular and abnormal plan configuration, are used. Reinforced Concrete (RC) building frames are most common sorts of constructions in city India

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Raj, Ranjana. "Analysis of RC Framed Post Tensioned Slab Structure to Evaluate the Performance of Floating Column with and without Shear Wall using ETABS". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr VI (30.06.2021): 5279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36201.

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This research aims to develop analytical study of post tensioned slab with floating column. In present scenario buildings with floating columns are of typical feature within the fashionable multi storey construction practices in urban India. Such sorts of constructions are highly undesirable in building inbuilt seismically active areas. For this buildings are given floating columns at one or more storey. These floating columns are highly disadvantageous during a building inbuilt seismically active area. The earthquake forces that are developed at different floor levels during a building got to be carried down along the peak to the bottom by the shortest path. Deviation or discontinuity during this load transfer path leads to poor performance of the building. In this paper, analytical study of post tensioned slab to evaluate the performance of floating column at ground level or at alternative story for G + 10 story building without shear wall, shear wall at corner, shear wall at center, shear wall at external middle and combined shear wall are provided for regular building is taken for study. The response of building like storey drift, storey displacement and storey shear has been wont to evaluate the results obtained using ETABS software.

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Swaliheen, Mohd. "Comparison of Analysis and Design of Regular and Irregular Configuration of Multi Story Building in Seismic Zones". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 8 (31.08.2021): 2395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37765.

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Abstract: This paper is concerned with the effects of various vertical irregularities on the seismic response of a structure. The objective of the project is to carry out Response spectrum analysis (RSA) and Time history Analysis (THA) of vertically irregular RC building frames and to carry out the ductility based design using IS 13920 corresponding to Equivalent static analysis and Time history analysis. Comparison of the results of analysis and design of irregular structures with regular structure was done. The scope of the project also includes the evaluation of response of structures subjected to high, low and intermediate frequency content earthquakes using Time history analysis. Three types of irregularities namely mass irregularity, stiffness irregularity and vertical geometry irregularity were considered. According to our observation, the storey shear force was found to be maximum for the first storey and it decreases to minimum in the top storey in all cases. The mass irregular structures were observed to experience larger base shear than similar regular structures. The stiffness irregular structure experienced lesser base shear and has larger inter-storey drifts. The absolute displacements obtained from time history analysis of geometry irregular structure at respective nodes were found to be greater than that in case of regular structure for upper stories but gradually as we moved to lower stories displacements in both structures tended to converge. . Lower stiffness results in higher displacements of upper stories. In case of a mass irregular structure, time history analysis gives slightly higher displacement for upper stories than that in regular structures whereas as we move down lower stories show higher displacements as compared to that in regular structures. When time history analysis was done for regular as well as stiffness irregular structure, it was found that displacements of upper stories did not vary much from each other but as we moved down to lower stories the absolute displacement in case of soft storey were higher compared to respective stories in regular structure. Tall structures were found to have low natural frequency hence their response was found to be maximum in a low frequency earthquake. It is because low natural frequency of tall structures subjected to low frequency earthquake leads to resonance resulting in larger displacements. If a high rise structure (low natural frequency)is subjected to high frequency ground motion then it results in small displacements. Similarly, if a low rise structure (high natural frequency) is subjected to high frequency ground motion it results in larger displacements whereas small displacements occur when the high rise structure is subjected to low frequency ground motion.

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"Seismic Effect of Regular and Irregular RC Building with and Without Infill Frames using ETABS". International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, nr 5 (30.01.2020): 2203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d4226.018520.

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This work is on the seismic behaviour of regular and irregular RC buildings with and without infill frames. It's below stood that buildings that are regular in plan (regular building) perform far better than those which have irregularity in plan (irregular building) under seismic loading. Irregularities don't seem to be avoidable in construction of buildings. This method of analysis is projected in terms of equivalant statics, responce spectrum and pushover analysis consistant with IS 1893:2002(part 1) code. Results of those analyses are mentioned in terms of the bottom construction drift and storey stiffness. From these results it's finished that laterel displacement and construction drift are going to be a lot of in vacant frame compare with the infill frames, whereas the bottom shear are going to be less in normal frame compare with the infill frames. It is also observed that lateral displacement and story drifts are more in irreguler buildings than reguler buildings.

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"Effect of Combined Beam Slab Interactive Resisting Mechanism for Progressive Collapse". International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, nr 4 (30.04.2020): 2396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d7742.049420.

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In reinforced concrete structures slab, beam and column plays an important role in load transfer mechanism. When a column fails due to earthquake or attack, progressive collapse may occur. There is a need to study and understand the performance of the RC framed structure under progressive collapse to design a better structure. This study investigates the effect of combined Beam-Slab interactive resisting mechanism against progressive collapse using finite element software. Linear static analysis was used to study the progressive collapse of the RC framed structure. The models of symmetrical regular building with bare frame, frame with slab and frame slab with infill were studied. The parameters like load carrying capacity, energy dissipation factor and stiffness degradation were analysed. The analysis results showed that frame slab with infill showed better resistance during progressive collapse.

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Facholli, Pedro Henrique Preto, i André Teófilo Beck. "Distribution of load effects and reliability of reinforced concrete frames: intact and with columns removed". Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 15, nr 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952022000200007.

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abstract: The design of reinforced concrete (RC) frames is made on a member-by-member basis. Similarly, in the literature, the reliability of RC beams and columns is often studied in isolation from the rest of the structure. Yet, in the construction of regular frames, symmetry and regularity are often exploited, resulting in the same design for each element type. This is despite of different load effects on different parts of the structure, which leads to significant variations in the failure probability of the elements. Hence, in this paper, we investigate the reliability of members and the distribution of load effects in regular RC frame buildings, considering intact and column loss cases, where symmetry is lost. Results show that the ratios of normal-to-bending loads change significantly along building height, and this has a significant impact on reliability of individual columns.

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"Dynamic Analytical Observations of RC Frame". International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, nr 5 (30.01.2020): 1938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e6023.018520.

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RC structures on sloping ground take columns of different height within one storey. Brittle shear failure is generally observed in short columns of RC frame as it takes the maximum shear during severe dynamic excitation by earthquake forces. Hence due to this immense problem, it is important to investigate practical and effective methods to rehabilitate these columns and the building as such. The objective of this research program is to assess the performance enhancement of short columns when strengthened with shear walls at specific locations of RC frame and with bracings exclusively. The strength attained with these two methods has been compared with one another assessment where most of the columns of RC frame are moved outside to the periphery, transforming the traditional grid of columns, which might demand the flat slab on each floor. It is possible that all the three might provide Solution for improvement in strength and stiffness of short columns of an RC frame on a sloping ground, but then these methods are compared and the one has been suggested which is cost effective. For this purpose 6 RC buildings are taken into consideration to carry out this research program, 3 on flat ground and 3 on sloping ground, one regular and one setback for each of the cases of ground geometry considered. The slope of the ground is taken as 16 degrees. Using Staad Pro v8i, the Response Spectrum Method for linear and Time History Analysis for non Linear dynamic analysis of these buildings can be done, to investigate various dynamic response characteristics and the respective strengthening technique can be applied and suggested as such.

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"Effect of Infill Wall on Vertical Irregular Tall Structure". International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, nr 1 (10.11.2019): 1488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a4303.119119.

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In reinforced concrete (RC) frames, the masonry infill walls are used to fill the gaps between the two columns and one horizontal beam which form the single bay. Stiffness of this bay or reinforced concrete frame structure increases by filling the gap between the bays of a structure. The present study investigates that the influence of the infill wall in the vertical irregular tall structure with bottom soft storey and the behavior of (G+14) storey building subjected to seismic load. The study carries different type of models which are regular frame, regular full infilled frame, regular infilled with 15% central opening frame and regular infilled with 15% corner opening frame are analysed. Similarly the same study has been extended for vertical irregular bare frame, inverted vertical irregular bare frame. This study is made for a case applicable to earthquake zone (III), soil type (II) with importance factor (1) and M20 grade of concrete. The analysis is performed using the equivalent static method and response spectrum method as per IS 1893-2016 using E-Tabs 2015 commercially available software. The parameters considered for study are storey displacement, storey drift and base shear. The results obtained for storey displacement and storey drift, in the infilled frame are reduced due to presence of infill wall. However, as expected, the base shear is increased from bare frame to infilled frame.

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Dinesh, Ram G., i S. Syed Abdul Rahman. "Analytical investigation on interlocking brick masonry with RC frame". International journal of health sciences, 30.06.2022, 5929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.10004.

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Bricks, which are constructed of sand, lime, concrete, and fly ash, are the traditional materials used in masonry construction. Traditional bricks, of course, come with high insulation and fire-resistant characteristics. There is a demand for traditional bricks around the world, which must be cost, energy, and time-efficient. Mortarless interlocking brick is now being used in this alternate quest for the mortar revolution. These interlocking bricks have protrusions on their surface and look like regular bricks. The goal of interlocking bricks is to create a beautiful perspective with continuous patterns in masonry walls while also allowing construction in rural regions without the use of trained personnel. To achieve suitable structural strength, interlocking bricks do not require mortar to join the individual brick components. As a result, mortarless masonry walls will save 35 percent on construction costs, or 20 to 40% on labour costs. Naturally, earthquakes are widespread these days, however, unlike normal bricks, interlocking bricks are seismic-resistant materials that can withstand earthquake stresses. The lateral load in the analytical research and preliminary testing were completed in the first phase. The RC Frame with Interlocking Bricks will be included in the analytical investigation.

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Pereira Junior, Wanderlei Malaquias, Matheus Henrique Morato de Moraes, André Teófilo Beck, Daniel Lima de Araújo, Antover Panazzolo Sarmento i Mauro Alexandre Paula de Sousa. "Reliability analysis of reinforced concrete frames subjected to post-construction settlements". Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 16, nr 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952023000500003.

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Abstract Most papers in the literature address reliability analysis of isolated elements, like beams and columns. However, symmetry and regularity are often exploited in the construction of regular RC frames, resulting in the same or similar designs for all columns of a floor or all beams of a building. This leads to significant differences in member reliability, due to different axial load to bending moment ratios, in different parts of the structure. Moreover, load effects increase, and symmetry is lost under individual support settlements. In this scenario, reliability analyses are performed, for an intact 4-floors and 3-spans RC frame; and considering different settlement conditions. Monte Carlo simulation is performed, considering uncertainties in dead and live loading, and steel and concrete strengths. The results show that a settlement of 10 mm, corresponding to an angular distortion of 1/500, reduced the average reliability of the frame by only 14%, just the same, it reduced the reliability index of several cross-sections of the beams to up to 2.40, value lower than that recommended in the Model Code 2010. It is concluded that the methodology used in this work presents an important tool for the analysis of events not foreseen in the design, supporting the decision making about the need for intervention in the structures.

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