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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Regional hydrological cycle"
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Gonçalves, HC, MA Mercante i ET Santos. "Hydrological cycle". Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, nr 1 suppl 1 (kwiecień 2011): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000200003.
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The Pantanal hydrological cycle holds an important meaning in the Alto Paraguay Basin, comprising two areas with considerably diverse conditions regarding natural and water resources: the Plateau and the Plains. From the perspective of the ecosystem function, the hydrological flow in the relationship between plateau and plains is important for the creation of reproductive and feeding niches for the regional biodiversity. In general, river declivity in the plateau is 0.6 m/km while declivity on the plains varies from 0.1 to 0.3 m/km. The environment in the plains is characteristically seasonal and is home to an exuberant and abundant diversity of species, including some animals threatened with extinction. When the flat surface meets the plains there is a diminished water flow on the riverbeds and, during the rainy season the rivers overflow their banks, flooding the lowlands. Average annual precipitation in the Basin is 1,396 mm, ranging from 800 mm to 1,600 mm, and the heaviest rainfall occurs in the plateau region. The low drainage capacity of the rivers and lakes that shape the Pantanal, coupled with the climate in the region, produce very high evaporation: approximately 60% of all the waters coming from the plateau are lost through evaporation. The Alto Paraguay Basin, including the Pantanal, while boasting an abundant availability of water resources, also has some spots with water scarcity in some sub-basins, at different times of the year. Climate conditions alone are not enough to explain the differences observed in the Paraguay River regime and some of its tributaries. The complexity of the hydrologic regime of the Paraguay River is due to the low declivity of the lands that comprise the Mato Grosso plains and plateau (50 to 30 cm/km from east to west and 3 to 1.5 cm/km from north to south) as well as the area's dimension, which remains periodically flooded with a large volume of water.
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Stephens, Graeme L., Maria Z. Hakuba, Mark J. Webb, Matthew Lebsock, Qing Yue, Brian H. Kahn, Svetla Hristova-Veleva i in. "Regional Intensification of the Tropical Hydrological Cycle During ENSO". Geophysical Research Letters 45, nr 9 (12.05.2018): 4361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077598.
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Nyamgerel, Yalalt, Yeongcheol Han, Minji Kim, Dongchan Koh i Jeonghoon Lee. "Review on Applications of 17O in Hydrological Cycle". Molecules 26, nr 15 (24.07.2021): 4468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154468.
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The triple oxygen isotopes (16O, 17O, and 18O) are very useful in hydrological and climatological studies because of their sensitivity to environmental conditions. This review presents an overview of the published literature on the potential applications of 17O in hydrological studies. Dual-inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry and laser absorption spectroscopy have been used to measure 17O, which provides information on atmospheric conditions at the moisture source and isotopic fractionations during transport and deposition processes. The variations of δ17O from the developed global meteoric water line, with a slope of 0.528, indicate the importance of regional or local effects on the 17O distribution. In polar regions, factors such as the supersaturation effect, intrusion of stratospheric vapor, post-depositional processes (local moisture recycling through sublimation), regional circulation patterns, sea ice concentration and local meteorological conditions determine the distribution of 17O-excess. Numerous studies have used these isotopes to detect the changes in the moisture source, mixing of different water vapor, evaporative loss in dry regions, re-evaporation of rain drops during warm precipitation and convective storms in low and mid-latitude waters. Owing to the large variation of the spatial scale of hydrological processes with their extent (i.e., whether the processes are local or regional), more studies based on isotopic composition of surface and subsurface water, convective precipitation, and water vapor, are required. In particular, in situ measurements are important for accurate simulations of atmospheric hydrological cycles by isotope-enabled general circulation models.
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Lawford, R. G., R. Stewart, J. Roads, H. J. Isemer, M. Manton, J. Marengo, T. Yasunari, S. Benedict, T. Koike i S. Williams. "Advancing Global-and Continental-Scale Hydrometeorology: Contributions of GEWEX Hydrometeorology Panel". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 85, nr 12 (1.12.2004): 1917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-85-12-1917.
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Over the past 9 years, the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), has coordinated the activities of the Continental Scale Experiments (CSEs) and other related research through the GEWEX Hydrometeorology Panel (GHP). The GHP contributes to the WCRP'S objective of “developing the fundamental scientific understanding of the physical climate system and climate processes [that is] needed to determine to what extent climate can be predicted and the extent of man's influence on climate.” It also contributes to more specific GEWEX objectives, such as determining the hydrological cycle and energy fluxes, modeling the global hydrological cycle and its impacts, developing a capability to predict variations in global and regional hydrological processes, and fostering the development of observing techniques, data management and assimilation systems. GHP activities include diagnosis, simulation, and experimental prediction of regional water balances and process and modeling studies aimed at understanding and predicting the variability of the global water cycle, with an emphasis on regional coupled land–atmosphere processes. GHP efforts are central to providing a scientific basis for assessing critical science issues, such as the consequences of climate change for the intensification of the global hydrological cycle and its potential impacts on regional water resources. This article provides an overview of the role and evolution of the GHP and describes scientific issues that the GHP is seeking to address in collaboration with the international science community.
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SARMA, A. A. L. N., i S. SRINIVAS. "Anomalies in terrestrial hydrological cycle – India". MAUSAM 57, nr 4 (26.11.2021): 639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i4.503.
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Zolina, Olga, Ambroise Dufour, Sergey K. Gulev i Georgiy Stenchikov. "Regional Hydrological Cycle over the Red Sea in ERA-Interim". Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, nr 1 (21.12.2016): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0048.1.
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Abstract The major sources of atmospheric moisture over the Red Sea are analyzed using ERA-Interim for the 1979–2013 period. The vertical structure of moisture transports across the coastlines has been computed separately for the western and eastern coasts of the Red Sea. The vertical structure of the moisture transport from the Red Sea to the continents is dominated by a breeze-like circulation in the near-surface layer and the Arabian high above 850 hPa. The lower-layer, breeze-like circulation is acting to export the moisture to the northwest of Africa and to the Arabian Peninsula and contributes about 80% of the moisture exports from the Red Sea, dominating over the transport in the upper layer, where the moisture is advected to the Arabian Peninsula in the northern part of the sea and to the African continent in the southern part. Integrated moisture divergence over the Red Sea decreased from the early 1980s to 1997 and then increased until the 2010s. Associated changes in the moisture export were provided primarily by the increasing intensity of the breeze-associated transports. The transports above the boundary layer, while being strong across the western and the eastern coasts, have a smaller effect on the net moisture export. The interannual variability of the moisture export in the near-surface layer was found to be closely correlated with the variability in sea surface temperature, especially in summer. Implications of the observed changes in the moisture advection for the hydrological cycle of the Middle East are discussed.
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Sahagian, Dork, i Susanna Zerbini. "Global and regional sea-level changes and the hydrological cycle". Global and Planetary Change 32, nr 1 (grudzień 2001): vi—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8181(01)00144-8.
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Bowen, Gabriel J., Zhongyin Cai, Richard P. Fiorella i Annie L. Putman. "Isotopes in the Water Cycle: Regional- to Global-Scale Patterns and Applications". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 47, nr 1 (30.05.2019): 453–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060220.
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Stable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen have been applied to water cycle research for over 60 years. Over the past two decades, however, new data, data compilations, and quantitative methods have supported the application of isotopic data to address large-scale water cycle problems. Recent results have demonstrated the impact of climate variation on atmospheric water cycling, provided constraints on continental- to global-scale land-atmosphere water vapor fluxes, revealed biases in the sources of runoff in hydrological models, and illustrated regional patterns of water use and management by people. In the past decade, global isotopic observations have spurred new debate over the role of soils in the water cycle, with potential to impact both ecological and hydrological theory. Many components of the water cycle remain underrepresented in isotopic databases. Increasing accessibility of analyses and improved platforms for data sharing will refine and grow the breadth of these contributions in the future. ▪ Isotope ratios in water integrate information on hydrological processes over scales from cities to the globe. ▪ Tracing water with isotopes helps reveal the processes that govern variability in the water cycle and may govern future global changes. ▪ Improvements in instrumentation, data sharing, and quantitative analysis have advanced isotopic water cycle science over the past 20 years.
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Mohamed, Y. A., B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, H. H. G. Savenije i W. G. M. Bastiaanssen. "Hydroclimatology of the Nile: results from a regional climate model". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, nr 1 (10.02.2005): 319–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-2-319-2005.
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Abstract. This paper is the result of the first regional coupled climatic and hydrologic model of the Nile. For the first time the interaction between the climatic processes and the hydrological processes on the land surface have been fully coupled. The hydrological model is driven by the rainfall and the energy available for evaporation generated in the climate model, and the runoff generated in the catchment is again routed over the wetlands of the Nile to supply moisture for atmospheric feedback. The results obtained are surprisingly accurate given the extremely low runoff coefficients in the catchment. The paper presents model results over the sub-basins: Blue Nile, White Nile, Atbara river and the Main Nile for the period 1995 to 2000, but focuses on the Sudd swamp. Limitations in both the observational data and the model are discussed. It is concluded that the model provides a sound representation of the regional water cycle over the Nile. The model is used to describe the regional water cycle in the Nile basin in terms of atmospheric fluxes, land surface fluxes and land surface-climate feedbacks. The monthly moisture recycling ratio (i.e. locally generated/total precipitation) over the Nile varies between 8 and 14%, with an annual mean of 11%, which implies that 89% of the Nile water resources originates from outside the basin physical boundaries. The monthly precipitation efficiency varies between 12 and 53%, and the annual mean is 28%. The mean annual result of the Nile regional water cycle is compared to that of the Amazon and the Mississippi basins.
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Music, Biljana, i Daniel Caya. "Evaluation of the Hydrological Cycle over the Mississippi River Basin as Simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM)". Journal of Hydrometeorology 8, nr 5 (1.10.2007): 969–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm627.1.
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Abstract The water cycle over a given region is governed by many complex multiscale interactions and feedbacks, and their representation in climate models can vary in complexity. To understand which of the key processes require better representation, evaluation and validation of all components of the simulated water cycle are required. Adequate assessing of the simulated hydrological cycle over a given region is not trivial because observations for various water cycle components are seldom available at the regional scale. In this paper, a comprehensive validation method of the water budget components over a river basin is presented. In addition, the sensitivity of the hydrological cycle in the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) to a more realistic representation of the land surface processes, as well as radiation, cloud cover, and atmospheric boundary layer mixing is investigated. The changes to the physical parameterizations are assessed by evaluating the CRCM hydrological cycle over the Mississippi River basin. The first part of the evaluation looks at the basin annual means. The second part consists of the analysis and validation of the annual cycle of all water budget components. Finally, the third part is directed toward the spatial distribution of the annual mean precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff. Results indicate a strong response of the CRCM evapotranspiration and precipitation biases to the physical parameterization changes. Noticeable improvement was obtained in the simulated annual cycles of precipitation, evapotranspiration, moisture flux convergence, and terrestrial water storage tendency when more sophisticated physical parameterizations were used. Some improvements are also observed for the simulated spatial distribution of precipitation and evapotranspiration. The simulated runoff is less sensitive to changes in the CRCM physical parameterizations.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Regional hydrological cycle"
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Shem, Willis Otieno. "Biosphere-atmosphere interaction over the congo basin and its influence on the regional hydrological cycle". Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06302006-152244/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Dr. Curry, Judy, Committee Member ; Dr. Webster, Peter, Committee Member ; Dr. Weber, Rodney, Committee Member ; Dr. Ingall, Ellery, Committee Member ; Dr. Robert Dickinson, Committee Chair.
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Shem, Willis Otieno. "Biosphere-Atmopshere Interaction over the Congo Basin and its Influence on the Regional Hydrological Cycle". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11558.
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A comprehensive hydrological study of large watersheds in Africa e.g. the Congo basin and the Nile basin has not been vigorously pursued for various reasons. One of the major reasons is the lack of adequate modeling tools that would not be very demanding in terms of input data needs and yet inclusive enough to cover such wide extents (over 3 million square kilometers for the Congo basin).
Using a coupled run of the Community Atmospheric model (CAM3) and Community Land Model (CLM3) components of the Community Climate System of Models (CCSM), this study looks into the spatial and temporal variation of precipitation and river runoff in the Congo basin in the light of increasing trends in deforestation of the tropical forests. The effect of deforestation on precipitation and runoff is investigated by changing the land cover-type from the current configuration of broadleaf evergreen/deciduous, non-Artic grass and corn to a mostly grass type of vegetation. Discharge simulation for the river Congo is centered at the point of entrance to the Atlantic Ocean.
Although the CLM3 does not presently simulate the observed river runoff to within at least one standard deviation it gives an opportunity to iteratively improve on the land surface parameterization with a possibility of future accurate prediction of mean monthly river runoffs under varying climate scenarios and land use practices. When forced with the National Center for Environment and Prediction (NCEP) re-analysis data the CLM3 runoff simulation results are relatively more stable and much closer to the observed. An improved CLM3 when coupled to CAM3 or other Global Climate Models is definitely a better tool for investigative studies on the regional hydrological cycle in comparison to the traditional methods.
There was a slight reduction in rainfall in the first experiment which mimicked a severe form of deforestation and a slight increase in rainfall following low level of deforestation. These changes in rainfall were however statistically insignificant when compared to the control simulation. There was notable heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of the changes in rainfall following deforestation.
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Jomaa, Fatima. "Précipitations sur le sud de la France : caractérisation, source et impacts sur le cycle hydrologique régional". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU025.
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La région méditerranéenne se distingue comme un « point chaud » potentiel en matière de science du climat, ce qui signifie une région où les impacts du changement climatique devraient être particulièrement importants. Dans la région méditerranéenne, il existe une interaction complexe entre l’atmosphère océanique et la terre ferme, associée à des caractéristiques morphologiques distinctes. Ce couplage fort fait référence aux interactions entre la mer Méditerranée, l’atmosphère et les terres environnantes, influençant des dynamiques climatiques locales spécifiques. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la partie sud de la France située dans la région nord-ouest de la Méditerranée. En raison de ces caractéristiques géographiques particulières et des interactions complexes entre les processus océaniques et atmosphériques à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles, le climat et en particulier l'hydroclimat du sud de la France présente des caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles complexes ainsi que leur variabilité. Il existe un manque de compréhension des processus hydrologiques locaux, ce qui nécessite une analyse complète à haute résolution de toutes les composantes du cycle hydrologique dans cette région. Dans nos travaux, nous nous concentrerons sur la branche atmosphérique du cycle hydrologique dans le Golfe du Lion et nous considérerons les précipitations, le transport d'humidité et les processus hydrologiques de surface tels que le ruissellement et l'humidité du sol.L’objectif de cette recherche doctorale peut être résumé en trois questions principales abordant la complexité du cycle hydrologique sur le sud de la France :1. Quelles sont les forces et les faiblesses des différents types de jeux de données pour capturer la variabilité des précipitations et leurs extrêmes sur le sud de la France ?Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons étudié l'exactitude et la fiabilité de toutes les sources de données disponibles pour cette région dans la représentation des conditions climatiques réelles, fournissant ainsi un aperçu de leur applicabilité aux études hydrologiques dans la région méditerranéenne. Les résultats de cette analyse sont présentés au chapitre 2.2. Quelles sont les sources de transport d'humidité qui contribuent aux précipitations et aux événements météorologiques extrêmes dans le sud de la France ?Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons analysé le transport d'humidité dans cette région. De plus, nous avons étudié le transport de l’humidité dans les conditions d’événements de précipitations extrêmes. Pour explorer les mécanismes à l’origine du transport d’humidité, nous avons effectué une analyse groupée des modèles météorologiques correspondants. Les résultats sont présentés au chapitre 3.3. Quel est l'impact de la variabilité et de l'évolution des précipitations sur l'humidité des sols et le ruissellement continental dans le sud de la France ?Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons analysé les interactions entre les régimes de précipitations et les composantes terrestres du cycle hydrologique, telles que l'humidité du sol et le ruissellement. Reasulate est présenté au chapitre 4The Mediterranean region stands out as a potential ’hotspot’ in climate science which signifies a region where the impacts of climate change are expected to be particularly significant. In Mediterranean region there is intricate interplay between the ocean atmosphere and land, coupled with distinct morphological features. This strong coupling refers to the interactions among the Mediterranean Sea, the atmosphere, and the surrounding land, influencing specific local climate dynamics. In our study, we focused on the Southern part of France located in the northwestern Mediterranean region. Due to these special geographical features and the complex interactions between ocean and atmospheric processes at different spatial and temporal scales, the climate and especially the hydroclimate of the Southern part of France exhibits intricate spatial and temporal characteristics and their variability. There is a lack of understanding of local hydrological processes, which requires a high-resolution comprehensive analysis of all hydrological cycle components in this region. In our work, we will focus on the atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle in the Gulf of Lion and we will consider precipitation, moisture transport, and surface hydrological processes such as runoff and soil moisture.The aim of this PhD research can be summarized in three main questions addressing the complexities of the hydrological cycle over southern France:1. What are the strengths and weaknesses of various type of datasets in capturing the precipitation variability and its extremes over southern France ?To answer this question, we investigated the accuracy and reliability of all available data sources for this region in representing the actual climatic conditions, providing insights into their applicability for hydrological studies in the Mediterranean region. Results of this analysis are presenting in Chapter 2.2. What are the sources of moisture transport contributing to precipitation and extreme weather events in southern France ?To answer this question, we analyzed the moisture transport in this region. Additionally, we investigated the moisture transport for the conditions of extreme precipitation events. To explores the mechanisms driving of moisture transport we performed clustering analysis of corresponding weather patterns. Results are presenting in Chapter 3.3. How do variability and trends in precipitation impact soil moisture and continental runoff in southern France ?To answer this question, we analyzed the interactions between precipitation patterns and terrestrial components of the hydrological cycle, such as soil moisture and runoff. Reasulate are presenting in Chapter 4.The structure of this thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 1 introduces the data sources utilized in this study, discussing their respective limitations. It also details the methodologies employed to evaluate these datasets and to investigate the sources of moisture affecting this region. Chapter 2 focuses on the examination of precipitation characteristics within the region. It assesses various precipitation datasets to understand their reliability and accuracy in capturing the area’s precipitation dynamics. Chapter 3 is dedicated to analyzing long-term moisture transport patterns. This chapter aims to elucidate the mechanisms behind moisture movement into the region. Chapter 4 delves into the analysis of runoff and soil moisture, exploring their relationship with precipitation. It examines how precipitation influences soil moisture and runoff, contributing to the broader understanding of the regional hydrological cycle
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Rahman, Abdullah Faizur 1963. "Monitoring regional-scale surface hydrologic processes using satellite remote sensing". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191212.
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Satellite-based remotely sensed data were used to estimate regional-scale surface energy fluxes and a water deficit index of a semi-arid heterogeneous region in southeast Arizona. Spectral reflectance and radiometric temperature of the surface, derived from the digital counts of TM bands of LANDSAT-5 satellite, were used for this purpose. These reflectance and temperature, along with conventional meteorological information of the region, were used as inputs to numerical models which estimate surface energy fluxes. Point-based meteorological data of the region were spatially extrapolated over a grid of 120 m X 120 m so that it could be used with the spatially continuous remotely sensed data. The water deficit index (WDI) was estimated using surface temperature and a spectral vegetation index, "soil adjusted vegetation index" (SAVI). The surface fluxes were net radiation flux, sensible heat flux, soil heat flux and latent heat flux. Measured values obtained from the meteorological flux measurement (METFLUX) stations in the study area were compared with the modeled fluxes. Latent heat flux (LE) was the most important one to estimate in the scope of this study. The method of spatially extrapolating the point-based meteorological information and combining with the remotely sensed data produced good estimation of LE for the region, with a mean absolute difference (MAD) of 65 W/m² over a range of 67 to 196 W/m² . Also it was found that the numerical models that were previously used to estimate daily LE values from a region using mid-day remotely sensed data (mostly from NOAAAVHRR) can also be used with the mid-morning remotely sensed data (from LANDSAT). Out of the two models tested for this purpose (`Seguin-Itier' and 'Jackson' models), one was found to need some modification so that it could use mid-morning remotely sensed data as inputs. The other was found to be useable as it is, without any modification. Outputs from both models compared well with the measured fluxes from the METFLUX stations. In an effort of estimating the water deficit of the different biomes of the region, WDI of the biomes were estimated. The main goal of this effort was to be able to monitor the surface hydrologic conditions of the region using remotely sensed vegetation and surface information, and minimum ground data. Good estimation of the water deficit condition of the area were obtained by this method. This method was found to be sensitive to a few of the ground information such as wind speed and leaf area index (LAI). It was also found that if the required ground data were correctly estimated, this method could be used as an operational procedure for monitoring the vegetation water stress of the biomes and hence for better management of the region.
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Chandler, John L. "Hydrologic Change in Western North America: Regional Impacts and the Role of Climate". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ChandlerJL2008.pdf.
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Huang, Junyi. "How the regional water cycle responds to recent climate change in northwest aridzone of China ?" HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/481.
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Climate change has posed significant challenges for the world's sustainable development, and the water cycle is highly dependent on the climate system. In particular, the arid zone fragile ecosystems in northwest China are highly vulnerable to the sophisticated hydrological variations. While ground-based measurements are less capable for large scale hydrological modelling, remote sensing techniques offer enhanced and effective alternatives for various hydrological states/fluxes. With the advancement of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, the Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS), an integrative measurement of regional hydro-climatic environment, can now be measured as well for examining the overall hydrological response to recent climate change. TWS is an essential element of the water cycle and a key state variable for land surface-atmosphere interaction. Investigating the TWS change is important for understanding the response of the water cycle to climate change. In this study, the intra-annual and inter-annual spatio-temporal change pattern of TWS in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China during 2003-2015 are characterized from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Tellus data products. Sub-regional re-analysis reveals that the increasing/decreasing rate in sub-regions, namely, Altay Mountains (ATM), Junggar Basin (JGB), Tianshan Mountains (TSM), Tarim Basin (TRB) and Kunlun Mountains (KLM), are - 3.41mm, -5.82mm, -6.76mm, -2.59mm and +3.05mm per year in unit of equivalent water height (EWH), respectively. The results suggest that TWS variation presents certain spatio-temporal patterns with spatial heterogeneity. The uncertainties from different GRACE products are also assessed. In conjunction with gridded meteorological data products and land surface model simulations of hydrological variables, the heterogeneous mechanisms of seasonal TWS change are analyzed. The correlation relationship among various hydrologic states/fluxes variables (e.g. snow water, soil water, snow amount) and climatic variables (e.g. temperature and precipitation) with GRACE-derived TWS variation in different sub-regions are investigated. The findings appear to indicate that 1) temperature month-over-month change and temperature anomaly with 4- month time lag, rather than precipitation, are more capable to explain the intra- annual TWS variation; 2) In most part of the study area, the TWS intra-annual change can be primarily attributed to the snow accumulation in winter and melt in spring. On the other hand, the glacier mass variation, which is particularly sensitive to recent climate change, could be a substantial contributor to inter-annual TWS change. The elevation trends over glaciers are estimated based on ICESat altimetry measurements. Correlation analysis results suggest that, during 2003- 2009, the inter-annual TWS loss in Tianshan Mountains (TSM) was tightly associated with glacier mass variation induced by temperature change, particularly in summer. In contrast, TWS gain in Kunlun Mountains (KLM) can be attributed to glacier mass increase. By utilizing remote sensing observation techniques/products, this study has characterized the spatio-temporal change pattern of TWS in northwest arid zone of China, as well as the underlying mechanism. It suggests that TWS is an effective indicator of regional climate change. This study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrologic and climatic processes in arid zone water cycle, and could be beneficial for regional water resources management and climate change adaptation effort.
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Luo, Yan. "Regional aspects of the North American land surface-atmosphere interactions and their contributions to the variability and predictability of the regional hydrologic cycle". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3408.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hearman, Amy. "A modelling study into the effects of rainfall variability and vegetation patterns on surface runoff for semi-arid landscapes". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0047.
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[Truncated abstract] Generally hydrologic and ecologic models operate on arbitrary time and space scales, selected by the model developer or user based on the availability of field data. In reality rainfall is highly variable not only annually, seasonally and monthly but also the intensities within a rainfall event and infiltration properties on semi-arid hillslopes can also be highly variable as a result of discontinuous vegetation cover that form mosaics of areas with vegetation and areas of bare soil. This thesis is directed at improving our understanding of the impacts of the temporal representation of rainfall and spatial heterogeneity on model predictions of hydrologic thresholds and surface runoff coefficients on semi-arid landscapes at the point and hillslope scales. We firstly quantified within storm rainfall variability across a climate gradient in Western Australia by parameterizing the bounded random cascade rainfall model with one minute rainfall from 15 locations across Western Australia. This study revealed that rainfall activity generated in the tropics had more within storm variability and a larger proportion of the storm events received the majority of rain in the first half of the event. Rainfall generated from fontal activity in the south was less variable and more evenly distributed throughout the event. Parameters from the rainfall analysis were then used as inputs into a conceptual point scale surface runoff model to investigate the sensitivity of point scale surface runoff thresholds to the resolution of rainfall inputs. This study related maximum infiltration capacities to average storm intensities (k*) and showed where model predictions of infiltration excess were most sensitive to rainfall resolution (ln k* = 0.4) and where using time averaged rainfall data can lead to an under prediction of infiltration excess and an over prediction of the amount of water entering the soil (ln k* > 2). For soils susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess, total runoff sensitivity was scaled by relating drainage coefficients to average storm intensities (g*) and parameter ranges where predicted runoff was dominated by infiltration excess or saturation excess depending on the resolution of rainfall data were determined (ln g* <2). The sensitivity of surface runoff predictions and the influence of specific within storm properties were then analysed on the hillslope scale. '...' It was found that using the flow model we still get threshold behaviour in surface runoff. Where conditions produce slow surface runoff velocities, spatial heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity influences hillslope surface runoff amounts. Where conditions create higher surface runoff velocities, the temporal structure of within storm intensities has a larger influence on runoff amounts than spatial heterogeneity. Our results show that a general understanding of the prevailing rainfall conditions and the soil's infiltration capacity can help in deciding whether high rainfall resolutions (below 1 h) are required for accurate surface runoff predictions. The results of this study can be considered a contribution to understanding the way within storm properties effect the processes on the hillslope under a range of overall storm, slope and infiltration conditions as well as an improved understanding of how different vegetation patterns function to trap runoff at different total vegetation covers and rainfall intensities.
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Puckridge, James Terence. "The role of hydrology in the ecology of Cooper Creek, Central Australia : implications for the flood pulse concept /". Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php9774.pdf.
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Rahman, Abdullah Faizur. "Monitoring regional-scale surface hydrologic processes using satellite remote sensing". 1996. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1996_488_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Regional hydrological cycle"
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Jan, Paegle, i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Impact of analysis uncertainty upon regional atmospheric moisture flux: [final report, 22 Sep. 1993 - 31 Dec. 1994]. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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Mizu Shigen Seminā (2001 Mizu Shigen Kenkyū Sentā). Heisei 13-nendo Mizu Shigen Seminā kōen gaiyōshū: Ajia chiiki ni okeru chiiki kaihatsu ga suimon junkan ni oyobosu eikyō ni kansuru kenkyū. [Uji-shi]: Kyōto Daigaku Bōsai Kenkyūjo, 2001.
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Randall, David A. Analysis of the diurnal cycle of precipitation and its relation to cloud radiative forcing using TRMM products: Annual progress report, for the period 7/1/97 through 6/30/98 : grant #NAG5-4749. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.
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service), SpringerLink (Online, red. Mountains: Sources of Water, Sources of Knowledge. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.
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Bianchi, Thomas S. Deltas and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764174.001.0001.
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Humans have had a long relationship with the ebb and flow of tides on river deltas around the world. The fertile soils of river deltas provided early human civilizations with a means of farming crops and obtaining seafood from the highly productive marshes and shallow coastal waters associated with deltas. However, this relationship has at times been both nurturing and tumultuous for the development of early civilizations. The vicissitudes of seasonal changes in river flooding events as well as frequently shifting deltaic soils made life for these early human settlements challenging. These natural transient processes that affect the supply of sediments to deltas today are in many ways very similar to what they have been over the millennia of human settlements. But something else has been altered in the natural rhythm of these cycles. The massive expansion of human populations around the world in both the lower and upper drainage basins of these large rivers have changed the manner in which sediments and water are delivered to deltas. Because of the high density of human populations found in these regions, humans have developed elaborate hydrological engineering schemes in an attempt to "tame" these deltas. The goal of this book is to provide information on the historical relationship between humans and deltas that will hopefully encourage immediate preparation for coastal management plans in response to the impending inundation of major cities, as a result of global change around the world.
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Newton, David E. Encyclopedia of Water. Wyd. 15000. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216991458.
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Water breaks rocks, levels mountains, and cuts canyons. It comes in many forms, from puddles, to icicles, to mist, to tidal waves. It covers most of the Earth and constitutes a majority of the human body. Too much water can destroy entire regions-so can too little. Life depends on it. We drink it, bathe in it, swim in it, drown in it, fish in it, heat up and cool off in it. One of the most versatile and familiar elements in the world, water is also one of the most mysterious. The 236 entries in this book comprise an A-Z overview of water's manifold roles in human society and the natural world throughout history. Topics include boats and ships, dams, groundwater, hydrology, ice, the Johnstown Flood, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, sea monsters, surface tension, and water wheels, and much more. Scientific and technical issues are explored, including the physical and chemical properties of water, steam, and ice; the uses to which water and steam are put; and the purification, transfer, and uses of water by communities. The hydrologic cycle is explained, with attention to the properties and distribution of ice masses, and the properties of oceans and rivers. Philosophical, mystical, metaphorical, and symbolic roles of water in literature, mythology, religion, the visual arts, and music are considered, as are individuals and organizations responsible for contributing to our understanding of water. This book includes a bibliography and a guide to related topics. Each entry concludes with a list of further readings.
Części książek na temat "Regional hydrological cycle"
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Asokan, Shilpa M., i Georgia Destouni. "Irrigation Effects on Hydro-Climatic Change: Basin-Wise Water Balance-Constrained Quantification and Cross-Regional Comparison". W The Earth's Hydrological Cycle, 879–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8789-5_18.
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Radić, Valentina, i Regine Hock. "Glaciers in the Earth’s Hydrological Cycle: Assessments of Glacier Mass and Runoff Changes on Global and Regional Scales". W The Earth's Hydrological Cycle, 813–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8789-5_15.
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Gheorghe, Adrian V., i Michel Nicolet-Monnier. "Models and Risk Assessment Methods for the Hydrological Cycle". W Integrated Regional Risk Assessment, Vol. I, 93–178. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0431-9_3.
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Lettenmaier, Dennis P. "Modeling of Runoff and Streamflow at Regional to Global Scales". W The Role of Water and the Hydrological Cycle in Global Change, 297–316. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79830-6_10.
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Menz, G. "Regional geography of West and Northwest Africa: An introduction". W Impacts of Global Change on the Hydrological Cycle in West and Northwest Africa, 30–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12957-5_3.
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Hennicker, Rolf, Stefan Janisch, Andreas Kraus i Matthias Ludwig. "DANUBIA: A Web-Based Modelling and Decision Support System to Investigate Global Change and the Hydrological Cycle in the Upper Danube Basin". W Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 19–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_2.
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Frigon, Anne, Daniel Caya, Michel Slivitzky i Denis Tremblay. "Investigation of the hydrologic cycle simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model over the Québec/Labrador territory". W Advances in Global Change Research, 31–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47983-4_2.
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Shroder, J. "Characteristics of the Regional Hydrological Cycle". W Transboundary Water Resources in Afghanistan, 3–22. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-801886-6.00001-x.
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Tari, Vinaya Satyawan, Rashmi Gupta i Nabeela Siddiqui. "Impact of Climate Change on Upper Ganga Ramsar Site of UP, India". W Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 92–105. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9498-8.ch006.
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According to the IPCC Second Assessment Report, climate change will lead to an alteration of the hydrological cycle and could have major impacts on regional water resources. India features a diverse range of wetlands, including high-altitude alpine lakes, littoral swamps in the form of mangroves and corals, and inland wetlands of various sorts. The Upper Ganga Ramsar Site is Uttar Pradesh's only Ramsar Site geographical distribution and may fluctuate as a result of climate change. Wetland reactions to climate change are frequently left out of global climate change models. The climate change adaptations must be incorporated into the economic development, planning, and implementation process.
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Degefe Merga, Damtew. "Perspective chapter: Responses of the water balance components under land use/land cover and climate change using Geospatial and hydrologic modeling in the Dhidhessa Sub-Basin, Ethiopia". W Global Warming - A Concerning Component of Climate Change [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001907.
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The multiple key causes of the hydrological cycle are LULC variability and climate change. The issues of LULC effect on water balances like soil water, evapotranspiration, percolation, base flow, discharge, and water yield through changing land environmental factors and altering soil as well as atmospheric limitations. Climate change, and the other, can direct effect rainfall as well as temperature, causing shifts in watersheds and water resource distribution. Changes of intensity, amplitude, and duration of rainfall influence the amount and variation of river flow, which often exacerbates floods and droughts while also having a negative impact on local and regional water resources. As a result, evaluating the effects of water balance may be vital for water policy and administration. The scientific community and policymakers have paid close attention to LULC research and evaluating the climate impacts
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Regional hydrological cycle"
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Libonati, Renata, Beatriz Garcia i Ana Nunes. "Extreme drought events over Amazon basin: the perspective from regional reconstruction of South American hydroclimate". W First International Electronic Conference on the Hydrological Cycle. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chycle-2017-04885.
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Yordanova, Anna, Irena Ilcheva, Lilia Bocheva, Krastina Malcheva i Krasimira Lubenova. "ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGICAL DROUGHT INDICES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS AND RIVER BASIN SPECIFICS". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/3.1/s12.05.
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The development of indicator systems for drought identification is part of the Drought Management Plans. The analysis of the correlation between the different indices is an essential part of the indicator systems. That research is part of a task related to the developed at NIMH system (http://hydro.bg) of drought indicators and the development of recommendations for their simultaneous use. For this purpose, the influence of climatic factors on the hydrological cycle components and the role of the characteristics of river basins has been studied. It is observed that a phase lag of the hydrological drought from the occurrence of meteorological drought is characteristic, because for the lack of precipitation is necessary more time to show itself in the hydrological system components. The lag depends on the river basin specifics - the size of the catchment, regulating volumes, aquifers, etc. As a first step, a transition from a regional assessment of meteorological drought to an assessment at basin level was made. As the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is calculated within the different catchments for a different number of points, the Zonal Statistics tool of QGIS was used and the SPI average values for each catchment for all months in the period 2014-2020 were derived. Based on this, the correlation between the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) and SPI indices at different time steps (SRI3, SPI3; SRI6, SPI6, etc.) for the period 2014-2020 was estimated. The regularities of the drought process are studied, identifying both the correlation and the transition from meteorological to hydrological drought, as well as the expected phase shift of the hydrological drought over time. The results confirm the drought process relations and clearly identify: 1) the transition from meteorological to hydrological drought and 2) the expected phase lag of the hydrological drought over time. In general, short time steps, such as monthly and quarterly, are suitable for small catchments and unregulated watersheds, while longer time steps are more suitable for larger river basins with a complex hydrological cycle or regulated watersheds. The analysis of the correlation between the indices, taking into account the influence and the relationship between the various factors of the hydrological cycle, is a long process and the time scale should be chosen depending on the characteristics of the basin and the purpose for which the indicator is used.
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Smith, J. Torquil, Eric L. Sonnenthal i William J. Milliken. "Continuum Modelling of Cyclic Steam Injection in Diatomite". W SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209331-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope Steam injection in diatomite reservoirs results in permeability changes owing to fracture propagation, and compaction as a result of thermal effects and pressure changes during injection and production. The purpose of this work is to evaluate these coupled thermal, hydrological, and mechanical (THM) processes over several years of cyclic steam injection and production. A single well model in a diatomite reservoir was created to evaluate these processes at a higher resolution near wellbore than used in a 3-D reservoir-scale model. Methods, Procedures, Process Simulations include tensile failure, shear failure with simultaneous shear on multiple planes, coupling of porosity and permeability changes with multiphase flow, and diatomite compaction with temperature and effective stress. Initial isotropic horizontal stresses are 1.0375 of vertical (azimuthal average, part of San Joaquin Valley). Injection interval (437-528 m) pressure is fixed, 6.3 MPa, 930 psi (injection), and ~4 MPa (production), with a soak period between injection and production. Three degree dilation on shearing is assumed. To the extent that fracture opening is tensile, fractures close on fluid pressure drop, but shear components remain. Permeability changes due to mechanical failure are simulated using a cubic law. Results, Observations, Conclusions During injection over multiple cycles, the diatomite surrounding the well is heated to over 250 °C and pressurized by the injected steam. During soak (shut-in) and subsequent production, pressure drops, dropping the boiling point, inducing further vaporization. Geomechanical changes show tensile opening accompanied by a greater amount of shearing. Total shearing increases with each injection cycle, resulting in a greater porosity increase from shearing than tensile opening. Fracture propagation was limited to the diatomite reservoir and did not penetrate the caprock. Novel/Additive Information Inclusion of an empirical effective stress/temperature diatomite compaction law together with porosity and permeability changes due to mechanical failure more closely models the mechanics of cyclic steaming of diatomite.
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Cardia, Luiz Henrique, André Luis Sotero Salustiano Martin i Laura Maria Canno Ferreira Fais. "Uso da ferramenta ndwi para modelo de análise de disponibilidade de água". W INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP FOR INNOVATION IN SAFE DRINKING WATER. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/iwisdw.n1.2022.4804.
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Environmental problems related to water resources and soil degradation are increasingly frequent, resulting in changes in the hydrological cycle and in the fluvial characteristics of hydrographic basins. The presence of small dams along the hydrographic network can contribute to the guarantee of ecological flow, even in periods of drought. However, the identification and location of these structures is difficult, as they often do not have the proper authorization. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the availability of water in the Piraí River Basin, using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) tool, based on satellite images. The Ribeirão Piraí sub-basin is located in the region of the Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí River Basin (PCJ), and has accelerated urban growth, which together with the increase in other human activities in recent decades, contributes to a significant change in several natural cycles. From the results, it is observed that the tool proved to be adequate to perform the temporal analysis of the formation of water mirrors (through the sequential analysis of successive satellite images) to understand the regional dynamics, as well as the general water availability of the basin.
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Arahuetes Hidalgo, Ana, Antonio Rico Amorós i María Hernández Hernández. "Adaptation strategies of the hydrosocial cycles in the Mediterranean regions". W First International Electronic Conference on the Hydrological Cycle. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chycle-2017-04834.
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Krechik, Viktor, Viktor Krechik, Maria Kapustina, Maria Kapustina, Vladimir Gritsenko i Vladimir Gritsenko. "A DIFFERENT-SCALE VARIABILITY OF THE VERTICAL THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE KALININGRAD REGION'S MARINE COASTAL WATERS". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9379197452.50258405.
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Baltic Sea hydrology is quite well explored. Nevertheless, the majority of classical and recent colligative research of Baltic Sea was focused on its off-lying part, shaping several regional databases – HELCOM, ICES. Thus data for 12-mile near shore zone in the Russian part of South-Eastern Baltic is nearly not represented. IKBFU and ABIORAS employees have gathered an array of measurements, made by CTD probes in Kaliningrad region coastal area during the last 15 years. It was this fact, which make possible to examine a seasonal variability of thermal and halinic structure of shallow marine areas. The pre-analysis revealed that there is only slight variability in salinity (at about 0.5 psu) in the region of interest. Therefore, the main aim of following work is to analyze a different-scale variability of the vertical thermal structure of Kaliningrad region’s marine coastal areas. This analysis showed two types of the variability – long-term and short-term. The long-term one is represented by seasonal cycle of meteorological features, affecting in a strong way on the hydrological behavior of Baltic sea. The short-term one are regarded as brief, but violent perturbations – storms. While carrying out this research, the quantitative estimates of thermal structure alteration time were made along with features of thermal structure variability for marine coastal areas.
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Krechik, Viktor, Viktor Krechik, Maria Kapustina, Maria Kapustina, Vladimir Gritsenko i Vladimir Gritsenko. "A DIFFERENT-SCALE VARIABILITY OF THE VERTICAL THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE KALININGRAD REGION'S MARINE COASTAL WATERS". W Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431545cd72.
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Baltic Sea hydrology is quite well explored. Nevertheless, the majority of classical and recent colligative research of Baltic Sea was focused on its off-lying part, shaping several regional databases – HELCOM, ICES. Thus data for 12-mile near shore zone in the Russian part of South-Eastern Baltic is nearly not represented. IKBFU and ABIORAS employees have gathered an array of measurements, made by CTD probes in Kaliningrad region coastal area during the last 15 years. It was this fact, which make possible to examine a seasonal variability of thermal and halinic structure of shallow marine areas. The pre-analysis revealed that there is only slight variability in salinity (at about 0.5 psu) in the region of interest. Therefore, the main aim of following work is to analyze a different-scale variability of the vertical thermal structure of Kaliningrad region’s marine coastal areas. This analysis showed two types of the variability – long-term and short-term. The long-term one is represented by seasonal cycle of meteorological features, affecting in a strong way on the hydrological behavior of Baltic sea. The short-term one are regarded as brief, but violent perturbations – storms. While carrying out this research, the quantitative estimates of thermal structure alteration time were made along with features of thermal structure variability for marine coastal areas.
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Vicente-Serrano, Sergio, Juan Lopez-Moreno, Kris Correa, Grinia Avalos, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Ahmed El Kenawy, Miquel Tomas-Burguera i in. "Seasonal and annual daily precipitation risk maps for the Andean region of Peru". W First International Electronic Conference on the Hydrological Cycle. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chycle-2017-04836.
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Stojanovic, Milica, Anita Drumond, Raquel Nieto i Luis Gimeno. "A lagrangian analysis of the moisture transport during the 2003 drought episode over the Mediterranean region ". W First International Electronic Conference on the Hydrological Cycle. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chycle-2017-04831.
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Gurjazkaitė, Karolina, i Vytautas Akstinas. "Effect of teleconnection patterns on the runoff formation of Lithuanian rivers during the warm period". W International Conference of Young Scientists on Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Monitoring. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/icys-mhem.2023.010.
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River discharge and flow dynamics are influenced by numerous natural and anthropogenic factors, which implies the need for comprehensive studies to reach sustainable water resource management and enhance predictions and preparedness for extreme events, especially droughts. Talking about warm season risks, anthropogenic activities in rivers create additional challenges in water management. In human-regulated rivers, maintaining ecological flow downstream of technical structures is essential to balance anthropogenic and ecosystem needs and reach EU WFD goals. Therefore, it is important to understand the conditions of runoff formation and its natural causality. Previous research in Lithuania has established that the multi-annual average of low-flow discharge (Q30_average) could be assumed as the potential value of ecological flow. However, the causality of this parameter was not sufficiently investigated because this measure can be influenced by multiple large-to-local scale driving forces that govern discharge volume and flow patterns. This study focuses on investigating teleconnections, which represent long-distance effects between large-scale atmospheric oscillations and regional climatic anomalies, as significant drivers of the hydrological cycle. Teleconnections are well-known to impact temperature and precipitation, thereby affecting discharge volumes and flow regimes. However, their influence may vary significantly on spatial and temporal scales. Specifically, this study examines five Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), East Atlantic (EA), East Atlantic/Western Russian (EATL/WRUS) Scandinavian (SCAND), Polar/Eurasian (POL)), which manifest themselves through a variety of influences on the climate of Europe. Lithuanian rivers from three hydrological regions exhibiting diverse feeding patterns were studied to assess the relationship between teleconnections and the formation of low-flow parameters. Non-parametric Wilcoxon sum rank test was applied to assess the connections between the selected teleconnections and the low-flow of the warm period. The findings of this study indicated that some of the indices showed only an occasional effect, however, the SCAND index was revealed to be closely related to the runoff variability in the warm period. Consequently, the results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the impact of teleconnections on the formation of low-flow parameters that one day might be assumed as ecological flow, as well as providing valuable insights for sustainable water resource management.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Regional hydrological cycle"
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Vuille, Mathias. Climate Change and Water Resources in the Tropical Andes. Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009090.
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This paper describes the challenges surrounding current and future water use in the tropical Andes by first reviewing the modern and future projected hydrological cycle and anticipated impacts on environmental services provided by glaciers and wetland vegetation. The discussion then elaborates on the current tensions and conflicts surrounding water use from a social and economic perspective, and ends by focusing on the challenges ahead and looking at possible solutions for more-sustainable and equitable future water use in the region.
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones i Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.
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Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
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Xavier, Prince, Martin Willett, Tim Graham, Paul Earnshaw, Dan Copsey, Charline Marzin, Alistair Sellar i in. Assessment of the Met Office Global Coupled model version 4 (GC4) configurations. Met Office, czerwiec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62998/uzui3766.
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The Global Coupled model version 4 (GC4) is an upgraded configuration of the MetUM system, building upon its predecessor, GC3.0/3.1. It incorporates various improvements and changes in the atmospheric and land components (Global Atmosphere 8 and Global Land 9 - GA8GL9) while keeping the ocean component (Global Ocean 6 - GO6) unchanged, except for minor bug fixes. The GC4 model introduces several enhancements, such as the drag package for land surface and hydrology, improvements in radiation and large-scale precipitation parametrisations, advancements in the boundary layer and convection representation (including the prognostic-based convective entrainment rate - ProgEnt), and updates in aerosol properties. Additionally, the inclusion of a multi-grid solver in the dynamics module aims to improve model stability and reduce computational costs. Key improvements in GC4 include better representation of the diurnal cycle of convection over land, reduced Southern Ocean warm bias, increased rainfall over India during the JJA season, improved distribution of precipitation, enhanced representation of low-medium clouds over Northern Europe, and positive impacts of atmosphere-ocean coupling on NWP scores. However, challenges and areas for further improvement persist, including excessive global precipitation, warm biases over coastal regions of East Asia, wet biases over East Asia, weak cloud forcing over certain regions, hydrological cycle discrepancies, biases in gross primary productivity, persistent Southern Ocean biases, enhanced warming and weakened trade winds in the equatorial east Pacific, excessive surface warming in the North Atlantic, weakening of monsoon low-pressure systems and tropical cyclones, drying over Africa, and excessive thick cloud biases in mid-latitudes. The next version of GC (GC5) will attempt to address some of these biases in the next development and assessment cycle with inputs from relevant evaluation groups and partners.
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Yeates, Elissa, Kayla Cotterman i Angela Rhodes. Hydrologic impacts on human health : El Niño Southern Oscillation and cholera. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), styczeń 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39483.
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A non-stationary climate imposes considerable challenges regarding potential public health concerns. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which occurs every 2 to 7 years, correlates positively with occurrences of the waterborne disease cholera. The warm sea surface temperatures and extreme weather associated with ENSO create optimal conditions for breeding the Vibrio cholerae pathogen and for human exposure to the pathogenic waters. This work explored the impacts of ENSO on cholera occurrence rates over the past 50 years by examining annual rates of suspected cholera cases per country in relation to ENSO Index values. This study provides a relationship indicating when hydrologic conditions are optimal for cholera growth, and presents a statistical approach to answer three questions: Are cholera outbreaks more likely to occur in an El Niño year? What other factors impact cholera outbreaks? How will the future climate impact cholera incidence rates as it relates to conditions found in ENSO? Cholera outbreaks from the 1960s to the present are examined focusing on regions of Central and South America, and southern Asia. By examining the predictive relationship between climate variability and cholera, we can draw conclusions about future vulnerability to cholera and other waterborne pathogenic diseases.
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Lund, Jay R., Jeffrey Williams i David Corderi. The Economics of Water Infrastructure Investment Timing and Location under Climate Change. Inter-American Development Bank, sierpień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009303.
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The Dong Nai Delta in Vietnam has been projected to face long-term changes in physical conditions stemming from climate change. Sea level rise combined with changes in the hydrologic cycle will result in increased salinity conditions, causing significant damage to the current style of agricultural production. Adapting to these changes in salinity will require not only adjusting the cropping patterns, but also new water infrastructure investments. Two important questions arise for planners and practitioners. First, a balance needs to be found with regards to the appropriate timing of the investment. An important amount of investment is needed for new water infrastructure while salinity will increase gradually over time. Second, considerable tradeoffs exist with respect to the location of the investment arising from the morphological characteristics of the delta. Constructing water infrastructure closer to the sea implies a higher investment cost. However, the additional benefits will be reduced since regions closer to the sea already have lower agricultural productivity due to greater salinity. This paper develops an economic model to analyse the optimal timing and location of water infrastructure investments in the Dong Nai Delta of Vietnam.
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Vano, Julie, Tanya Petach, Jeffrey Deems, Mark S. Raleigh, James Arnott, Elise Osenga i Joseph Hamman. A Collaborative, In Situ Mountain Hydrology NASA Test Bed. Aspen Global Change Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69925/vcbq9771.
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Beginning primarily as snowmelt from the Rocky Mountains, the Colorado River supplies water to over 40 million people in seven U.S. states and Mexico. As demand for water grows and climate-driven drought threatens supply, there is an urgent need to advance decision-relevant hydrologic research in this region, which serves as an example for similarly positioned mountain headwaters around the world. Within this report we share the design for a collaborative process for testing innovative approaches to doing research—a test bed for short—that leverages existing research efforts and articulates strategies for accelerating the science resource managers are seeking to address this need. We designed this test bed by 1) engaging researchers and those who forecast, operate, and manage resources and 2) by employing collaborative science expertise and network analysis. Our activities involved investigations into areas of untapped potential (including 15 events on a listening tour), the research landscape, and the user needs landscape, which we drew upon to design our proposed test bed. This test bed is built from a suite of recommendations (listed below) based on those explorations. The proposed test bed supports an approach to conducting mountain hydrology research that complements NASA science goals and that is centered on collaborations and strategic monitoring, modeling, and data science enhanced by local partners to: Accelerate understanding of mountain water cycles and improve forecasts in a rapidly changing world; Use long-term monitoring to calibrate, validate, complement, and enhance satellite data and land surface models; and Cultivate learning and community building among scientists, within and across institutions, and in collaboration with research users. In general, we focus on systematic ways to build on what already exists (vs. creating something entirely new). Through our work in designing the test bed, we utilize network analysis, user needs synthesis, and collaboration management (bringing people together in ways that support collaborative science)—tools that will also help to further refine and sustain the effort. This report develops a suite of broadly applicable recommendations for future work (summarized below), as well as action items more specific to the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology program.