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Seipel, Petra L. "Assignment problem for the U.S. Marine Corps: regional, culture, and language familiarization program". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39012.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.U.S. Marine Corps recently developed the Regional, Culture, and Language Familiarization Program (RCLF), which assigns newly promoted sergeants and commissioned officers to one of the 17 regions established by the RCLF office. As of now, there is no formal process established in assigning Marines to one of the 17 regions. The assignment is done manually and oftentimes, by random allocation without a standard operating procedure. We developed two integer-programming models and a matching algorithm that utilizes top trading cycle and serial dictatorship. These models optimize the assignment based on Marines and USMC preferences. We find that the benchmark integer programing model is the best in terms of assigning most Marines within their top four choices. Regardless, satisfaction rate of any of the three models are higher than the random assignment model.
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Frank, Jane Elizabeth. "Regenerating Regional Culture: A Study of the International Book Town Movement". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365260.
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This thesis explores the international Book Town Movement that, from its beginnings in the small Welsh market town of Hay-on-Wye in the early 1960s, has escalated to incorporate more than 50 villages and towns in 27 countries. This phenomenon has enabled peripheral communities in Europe and across the globe to reclaim their economic futures and impact on the cultural sphere as increasingly powerful sites and sources of creativity. This study seeks to understand the reasons for this renaissance of interest in the preservation of traditional print culture in the countryside at a point in history when the book publishing industry is in a state of flux as it adapts to new digital technologies and globalisation of markets, leading to a clarification of the relationship between new books and the second-hand book economy. At the centre of this investigation is an acknowledgement of the book as a unique item of cultural consumption and a catalyst in book town creation – at once a remarkable artefact and a springboard for contemporary cultural debate. Essential to an understanding of book towns is their location on the geographical periphery and their capacity to sustain regional culture and identity. This thesis analyses innovative book town examples from diverse parts of the world using four key research methods: site-based research, case study research, cultural policy research and book culture research.
This research aims to inform a broader discussion of regional regeneration and cultural policy development through an investigation of book towns as ‘down on their luck’ places, reanimated to celebrate remarkable pasts and designed to captivate a growing middle-class cohort drawn to nostalgia, history, cultural heritage and tranquil rural settings that deliver both intellectual stimulation and wellbeing. The synergy of the book town ethos with a number of evolving global tourism trends – including cultural tourism and, more recently, post-tourism – has heightened their desirability. By exploring the history and origins of the Book Town Movement, the thesis links book towns to the entrepreneurship of bibliophiles seeking more utopian lifestyles, and culture-led regeneration by governments wanting to harness their capacity to increase social capital and generate economic revival.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
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Hartsell, Bradley. "Projecting Culture Through Literary Exportation: How Imitation in Scandinavian Crime Fiction Reveals Regional Mores". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3323.
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This thesis reexamines the beginnings of Swedish hardboiled crime literature, in part tracking its lineage to American culture and unpacking Swedish identity. Following the introduction, the second chapter asserts how this genre began as a form of escapism, specifically in Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö’s Roseanna. The third chapter compares predecessor Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sleep with Roseanna, and how Sweden’s greater gender tolerance significantly outshining America’s is reflected in literature. The fourth chapter examines how Henning Mankell’s novels fail to fully accept Sweden’s complicity in neo-Nazism as an active component of Swedish identity. The final chapter reveals Helene Tursten’s Detective Inspector Huss engaging with gender and racial relations in unique ways, while also releasing the suppressive qualities found in the Swedish identity post-war. Therefore, this thesis will better contextualize the onset of the genre, and how its lineage reflects the fruits and the damages alike in the Swedish identity.
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Rangel, Adriana Moreno. "Cultura e identidade híbrida na obra do artista plástico roraimense Jorge Augusto Cardoso". Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2012. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=125.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEste trabalho discute a cultura e a identidade roraimense e alguns desdobramentos, a partir do processo de hibridação representada na obra de arte do artista plástico, Jorge Augusto Cardoso. Para tanto, utilizamos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos oriundos dos Estudos Culturais para abarcar Cultura, Identidade, Linguagem Visual, Arte Regional, Regionalismo, Regionalidade, Hibridação e epresentação, visando analisar o processo de constituição identitária de Roraima, além de compreender seus elementos envolvidos neste processo, nos quais possibilitaram visualizar as formas de ser roraimense, revelados no cenário imagético do artista, permeados de diferenças e conflitos. Sob este prisma, diversas formas de representações simbólicas valorizadas no espaço regional, criadas pelo artista, foram estudadas, e novas concepções foram extraídas, ao mesmo tempo, gerando novas leituras. Dessa maneira, esta análise traz possibilidades de identidades desenvolvidas no sistema de representação contida na obra, na qual espaços foram criados e construídos, possibilitando aos sujeitos, posicionar-se e construir novas identidades; apropriar e reconstruir identidades para seu uso.
This paper discusses Roraima`s culture and identity and some developments from the hybridization process represented in the art work of the artist, Jorge Augusto Cardoso. For this purpose, we used theoretical and methodological foundations from Cultural Studies to cover Culture, Identity, Visual Language, Regional Art, Regionalism, Regionality, Hybridization and Representation in order to analyze the process of identity formation of Roraima, and to understand its elements involved in this process, which allowed us to view the forms of "being" Roraima, revealed in the artist imagery scenery, riddled by conflicts and differences. In this light, various forms of symbolic representations valued in the region, created by artist, were studied, and new concepts were extracted at the same time generating new readings. Thus, this analysis gives possibilities of identity developed in the system of representation contained in the work, in which spaces were designed and built, enabling subjects to position themselves and to build new identities; to appropriate and to reconstruct identities for their use.
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Bishop, Elizabeth C. "Brittany and the French State: Cultural, Linguistic, and Political Manifestations of Regionalism in France". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282009176.
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Armiliato, Tales Giovani. "A comunicação no rádio e a preservação de uma identidade linguística regional : o talian". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/525.
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A pesquisa sobre a função do rádio na preservação de uma língua teve por objetivo descobrir os motivos pelos quais milhares de pessoas sintonizam programas radiofônicos transmitidos em talian na Região da Serra Gaúcha. Para isso, levantaram-se dados relativos ao Programa Cancioníssima da Rádio São Francisco SAT de Caxias do Sul. Transmitido em talian, ele permanece na grade de programação da emissora desde 1984. Analisou-se, através de um questionário aplicado a 28 ouvintes, os principais pontos de audiência e aceitação do programa radiofônico que apresenta histórias, contos e músicas em talian. Buscou-se, ainda, a contextualização do talian em dois momentos: o primeiro, o das origens do talian e, o segundo, o dos atos de revitalização da língua registrados a partir das comemorações do Centenário da Imigração Italiana no Rio Grande do Sul. Verificou-se que o rádio tem importante contribuição diretamente ligada à preservação do talian na região da serra, principalmente como suporte de políticas de salvaguarda dessa língua, além de auxiliar como instrumento de resgate das tradições e costumes deixados pelos primeiros imigrantes que chegaram à região da serra gaúcha no final do século XIX.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-02T19:20:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Tales Giovani Armiliato.pdf: 5378007 bytes, checksum: 0813ac31453cf43dee698ecaed267f25 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-02T19:20:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Tales Giovani Armiliato.pdf: 5378007 bytes, checksum: 0813ac31453cf43dee698ecaed267f25 (MD5)
The aim of this research on radio´s role in preserving a language is to discover why thousands of people still sintonize radio programmes transmitted in talian dialect in the Region of Serra Gaúcha, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Data related to the radio programme called Cancioníssima San Francisco SAT from the city of Caxias do Sul was collected. This programme has been transmitted in talian since 1984 and discloses stories, tales and songs in this dialect. An oral interview was applied to 28 listeners in order to analyze the main points of audience and its acceptance. The project shows two different contextualizations which are: the origins of talian dialect and the acts of language revitalization registered after the celebration of the Centenary of the Italian Immigration in Rio Grande do Sul. The radio has an important contribution directly linked to the preservation of talian in the Region of Serra Gaúcha, mainly as a support to safeguard policies and as an instrument of redemption of the traditions and customs left by the first immigrants who came to the Region of Serra Gaúcha in the late 19th century.
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Thibal, Suzanne. "Développement local et Culture Occitane". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699758.
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La langue et la culture occitanes figurent désormais en bonne place dans les programmes de développement culturel des espaces organisés que représentent les parcs naturels régionaux et les pays, au sud du Territoire. Des initiatives sont prises pour la sauvegarde et la valorisation de ce qui constitue la mémoire vivante d'une culture populaire traditionnelle ;elles bénéficient pour leur mise en oeuvre de nouveaux dispositifs règlementaires et financiers en provenance de Départements, de Régions comme de certains programmes européens. Dans un même temps, le patrimoine culturel, matériel comme immatériel, a été mondialement reconnu comme l'un des axes majeurs du développement durable par les Institutions internationales qui préconisent sa valorisation en tant que marqueur identitaire porteur de lien social. C'est à ces différents égards et à partir d'une approche systémique de textes fondateurs internationaux, de programmes européens, de politiques de collectivités territoriales, de chartes et programmes opérationnels de parcs naturels régionaux et de pays, d'animations culturelles sur le terrain et de réseaux d'acteurs locaux, que la thèse Développement local et culture occitane analyse les partenariats en place avec leur dynamique et leurs faiblesses. --- Ainsi se dessine la draille occitane du développement local.
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Petroni, Kevin. "La Corse des antimodernes. Une critique des Lumières et de la Révolution depuis la littérature française sur la Corse (XVIIIe – XXe siècle)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CORT0011.
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Comment la Corse s’est imposée dans la littérature française comme le lieu propice à une critique des Lumières et de la Révolution ? Tandis que la Révolution française consacre l’État comme la structure par laquelle l’individu parvient à s’arracher des tutelles religieuse, politique et familiale, les adversaires de cet idéal trouvent en Corse à la fois un abri contre la modernité et le repère du monde nouveau incarné par un homme, Napoléon, qui a insufflé au monde « le mal insulaire de l’âme », soit l’esprit d’émancipation.Nous avons souhaité structurer cette idée en trois moments :1. Le moment révolutionnaire. Des Lumières corses à la Révolution française, il s’agissait d’analyser la façon dont les Corses voient leur révolution être progressivement reléguée en modèle contre-révolutionnaire.2. Le moment conservateur. Incapables de mettre un terme à la société post révolutionnaire, les auteurs conservateurs considèrent la modernité comme un moyen de corriger les coutumes funestes des Corses, la vendetta, tout en témoignant de leur inquiétude à l’idée de voir la langue, la culture et la société rurale disparaître en raison de la francisation.3. Le moment réactionnaire. Depuis la littérature contre-révolutionnaire jusqu’à la littérature de la Collaboration, il s’agit de questionner la façon dont les écrivains réactionnaires ont changé la représentation de l’île. D’abord considérée comme le domaine de l’anarchie qui a su imposer à la France sa sauvage tyrannie, la Corse s’impose comme le repère d’un peuple dont les traditions et les mœurs s’opposent au républicanismeHow did Corsica come to be seen in French literature as the ideal setting for a critique of the Enlightenment and the Revolution? While the French Revolution consecrated the State as the structure through which the individual could free himself from religious, political and family control, the opponents of this ideal found in Corsica both a shelter from modernity and a reference point for the new world embodied by a man, Napoleon, who breathed into the world "the insular evil of the soul", in other words the spirit of emancipation.We wanted to structure this idea in three moments:1. The revolutionary moment. From the Corsican Enlightenment to the French Revolution, the aim was to analyse the way in which the Corsicans saw their revolution gradually being relegated to the status of a counter-revolutionary model.2. The conservative moment. Unable to put an end to post-revolutionary society, conservative authors saw modernity as a means of correcting the Corsican's evil customs, the vendetta, while at the same time expressing their concern at the idea of seeing the language, culture and rural society disappear as a result of Frenchisation.3. The reactionary moment. From counter-revolutionary literature to the literature of the Collaboration, the aim is to examine the way in which reactionary writers have changed the representation of the island. Initially considered as the domain of anarchy, which was able to impose its savage tyranny on France, Corsica came to be seen as the landmark of a people whose traditions and customs were opposed to republicanism
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Merida, Victor M. "Life in the Penit: Framing and Performing Miami's Graffiti Subculture". FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1184.
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In the tradition of the Birmingham School of cultural studies, this thesis focuses on Miami’s graffiti subculture and the conflicts between market economies and economies of social meaning. As a reference point, I consider Miami’s “Penits”: the name given to the seemingly abandoned buildings where graffiti is performed. Short for penitentiary, the term derives from the 1980s after a large building rumored to be a prison was defunded midway through its construction. After this first reclamation, every other graffiti heterotopia in Miami has been similarly recoded as spaces that mock structures of discipline and industry.
Through Michel Foucault’s biopolitical framework I argue that the sovereign state and marketplace conspire to dually criminalize and commoditize the subculture’s performative defiance. I conclude by illustrating how the market itself reinforces the carceral archipelago by framing the subculture’s vandal aesthetic through the normalized, self-interested boundaries of conduct that the market itself deems il/legal.
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Knox, Daniel Leonard. "Regional and national cultures in north-eastern Scotland : tradition, language and practice in the constitution of folk cultures". Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3655/.
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This thesis examines the processes of the formation and re-formation of folk cultures in north-eastern Scotland. Focusing on the area surrounding Aberdeen, I am interested in the historical and contemporary relationships between Highland and north-eastern versions of Scottishness. During the 1990's, a burgeoning north-eastern regional and cultural self-awareness, centred on the "Doric" dialect, was evidenced in the founding of the Elphinstone Research Institute at the University of Aberdeen, and in the founding of an annual Doric Festival. This institutionalisation has taken place in a situation in which Scottish national traditions have remained popular in the region and the Scottish nation has experienced a greater degree of political autonomy. The continued reproduction of both Scottishness and north-easternness is resultant of the ways in which culture and language have been mobilised, politicised and legitimised through the erection and operation of institutional frameworks. The role of expert and enthusiast knowledges in the propagation of cultural trends is analysed here through an exploration of the spectacularisation and banalisation of tradition. In particular, I unpack the tensions that claims for authenticity create with regard to the ballad and literary traditions of the north-east, and to the Highland Games and Gatherings of the same region. Exploring joint actions and knowledges, I demonstrate the efficacy of performative language and embodied practice in communicating, stabilising and normalising rhetorical ideas concerning Scottish cultures. As the contingent factors that give language and practice variable meanings become fixed through citation, the formation of dominant readings is enabled. The normalisation of spectacular events is crucial in the communication of authenticity and the establishment and recreation of national or regional identities. As perceived authenticity substitutes for objectivity in the popular imagination, everyday apprehensions of Scottishness and north- easternness are both made more durable and infused with a strong legitimacy by their very performance and naming.
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Triplett, Dana Elizabeth. "Town Planning and Architecture on Eighteenth Century St Eustatius". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625949.
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Roberts, Douglas Stuart. ""The Hidden Ally: How the Canadian Supreme Court Has Advanced the Vitality of the Francophone Quebec Community"". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420395127.
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Guha, Papia. "Regional Cooperation in South Asia". W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625686.
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Sircar, Ajanta. "Framing the nation : languages of #modernity' in India". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361480.
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Brinton, Susan. "Regulating diversity, regional culture and identity in Canadian television". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62615.pdf.
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Frasnelli, Denise. "Minority and Regional Languages in the European Union: Ireland, Italy and Spain". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16529/.
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The European Union and the single States have different laws and regulations protecting linguistic rights. In this dissertation we have a look at three different situations, namely those of Ireland, Italy and Spain. We see which legal arrangements have been made in order to protect the cultural heritage and the usage of minority and regional languages in each State.
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Harrison, Michelle. "Managing France's regional languages : language policy in bilingual primary education in Alsace". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/11315/.
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The introduction of regional language bilingual education in France dates back to the late 1960s in the private education system and to the 1980s in the public system. Before this time the extensive use of regional languages was forbidden in French schools, which served as ‘local centres for the gallicisation of France’ (Blackwood 2008, 28). France began to pursue a French-only language policy from the time of the 1789 Revolution, with Jacobin ideology proposing that to be French, one must speak French. Thus began the shaping of France into a nation-state. As the result of the official language policy that imposed French in all public domains, as well as extra-linguistic factors such as the Industrial Revolution and the two World Wars, a significant language shift occurred in France during the twentieth century, as an increasing number of parents chose not to pass on their regional language to the next generation. In light of the decline in intergenerational transmission of the regional languages, Judge (2007, 233) concludes that ‘in the short term, everything depends on education in the [regional languages]’. This thesis analyses the development of language policy in bilingual education programmes in Alsace; Spolsky’s tripartite language policy model (2004), which focuses on language management, language practices and language beliefs, will be employed. In spite of the efforts of the State to impose the French language, in Alsace the traditionally non-standard spoken regional language variety, Alsatian, continued to be used widely until the mid-twentieth century. Whilst Alsatian has been spoken, the traditional language of writing and reference has been standard German. Today Alsace is a region of north eastern France, but it has existed under the political control of Germany for prolonged periods of time in the past, changing hands between the two countries five times between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Since the mid-twentieth century a significant language shift away from Alsatian has occurred in the region, with estimates that over 90% spoke the language variety in 1946 in comparison with only 43% of the population in 2012 (OLCA 2012a). Regional language bilingual education programmes were introduced in Alsace in the early 1990s in the private and public education systems. In both systems the language-in-education policy supported has primarily promoted the learning of and through French and standard German. The case study that forms the central part of the thesis seeks to examine current language policy in practice. It will analyse the place of Alsatian in the modern regional language bilingual classroom and examine the language beliefs of the key actors in the bilingual education programmes (namely parents, teachers and policy-makers at regional level). Finally, it will discuss what this means for efforts to reverse the language shift in twenty-first-century Alsace.
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Segida, Larisa. "I-Migrations in cultures and languages". CD Baby, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23224.
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In the theoretical and epistemological frameworks of Vygotsky’s cognitive theory and French intellectuals’ written legacy (Cixous, Deleuze, Derrida, Foucault, Kristeva, and Lyotard), the research explores philosophical, psychological, and educational migrations of a second language (L2) learner among cultures and languages in her comprehension and further nativization of an L2 through her comprehension and nativization of the culture of the language. The role of Canadian culture in Canada’s second/additional language education (SLE) is the research focus. In this research, the concept of Canadian culture is interpreted narrowly as literature, music, arts, and history of its people, and broadly as creations of its people. The dissertation consists of 3 parts: Pre-Theory, Theory, and Post-Theory. The Pre-Theory part is built according to the conventional thesis design: introduction, theoretical framework, literature review, research question, methodology, credibility, and significance. Narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 2006) as the initial methodology of the research unfolds in innovative ways as literary-philosophical essays in the Theory part, and later as a music-poetry work in the Post-Theory part. The Theory part is a conceptual philosophy-arts piece of writing that develops based on the principle “writing as a method of knowing”. The Post-Theory part is the researcher’s music-poetry work “I-Migrations: Psychedelic Story” that is a practical epitome of her research theory. Based on her own way of learning English, first, as a foreign language (FL) in Russia, and then as an L2 in Canada, the researcher theoretically substantiates her postulate of the underestimated role of Canadian culture, in terms of literature, music, arts, and history in Canada’s SLE and proposes to make Canadian culture an integral part of Canada’s SLE curricula. This research fulfils the gaps in the literature on an older L2 learner’s experience across a lifetime and the inclusion of arts and culture alongside of language learning in SLE.
Keywords: second language, second language culture, writing, second language writing, second language education
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DAS, APARAJITA. "HISTORY SHAPES DEVELOPMENT: CULTURE, INSTITUTIONS AND REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN INDIA". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36770@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Essa tese contém três artigos sobre o impacto da história sobre desenvolvimento econômico de longo prazo, através dos canais de instituições e cultura. O primeiro artigo estuda instituições de administração da terra na Índia colonial e identifica mecanismos através de que variações naquela instituição têm consequências de longo prazo sobre investimento e produtividade agrícola. O segundo artigo estuda a relação entre várias dimensões de diversidade cultural e crescimento em distritos Indianos, usando uma estratégia de variáveis instrumentais. Esses resultados acham os mais fortes impactos para diversidade religiosa. O impacto significativo da diversidade religiosa em melhorar produtividade e reduzir pobreza pode ser resultado da ênfase maior sobre instituições seculares em face da concorrência religiosa. O ultimo artigo examina a formação dos valores culturais como canal através de que desenvolvimento econômico pode ser impactado por condições iniciais. Achamos que traços geográficos inerentes tornam algumas regiões mais propensas a serem agrícolas. Essas regiões, dominados por homens, têm menos templos dedicados às divindades femininas e também têm piores índices da alfabetização feminina.
This thesis consists of three papers examining the impact of history on long-run development processes through the channels of institution and culture. The first paper studies land revenue institutions in colonial India and identifies a multi-channel mechanism through which variations in that institution have long-run consequences for agricultural investment and productivity. The second paper examines the relationship between various dimensions of cultural diversity and growth in Indian districts using an instrumental variables strategy. These results find the strongest impacts for religious diversity. The significant impact of religious diversity in increasing productivity and reducing poverty may be due to increased emphasis on secular institutions in the face of religious competition. The last paper studies the formation of cultural values as a channel through which development outcomes may be impacted by initial conditions. We find that inherent geographical traits render certain regions more likely to be agricultural, male-dominated societies with a lower propensity to worship female deities, which in turn leads to worse female literacy outcomes.
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Linda, Julien. "La culture et la compétence culturelle : Comment la culture est-elle enseignée dans une classe de langue étrangère?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68643.
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This thesis focuses on the teaching of a foreign language and the meaningfulness within the development of intercultural knowledge followed by skills that include the possibility of leading toward one’s own cultural knowledge and foreign culture to cope with teaching the learned language. The language learners need to develop other skills than the basic social cultural knowledge and to do so the access for improvement and enhancement of interpersonal interactions and acquirement of an intercultural awareness. The study threats on the perception of teachers and their students when it occurs on the topic of ’’intercultural competence’’ and how these interpret and include the subject in their lessons. The study also aims to understand and identify the obstacles that can be encountered while teaching intercultural competence in a foreign language class. For the purpose the study led to a conduction of observations guided in two secondary schools in Sweden and two teachers about their concept of intercultural competence and approach, their students interpretation and their concept and understanding. The study shows with the results that are not general, that the observed teachers distinguish intercultural competence and inclusion in their teaching. The cultural composites that detained by the students are not large and limited to factual knowledge and sometimes to stereotypes. The results that shouldn’t be generalised indicates furthermore that teachers have different approaches toward culture in their teaching. The way culture is portrayed in the observed classes is biaised toward France and leaves out other speaking countries.
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Wall, Georgia. "Consuming Italy : contemporary material culture and ethnographic approaches in modern languages". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/105141/.
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This thesis has two interlinked objectives. One is to explore some of the meanings projected onto ideas of Italy in the UK in relation to Italian mobility patterns. The second is to argue for the development of the study of material culture and ethnographic approaches in contemporary Modern Languages research and teaching. Taking into account a range of ‘Italian stuff’; public spaces such as cafés and bars, narrative texts and recipe books, a celebrity figure, and drawing on personal narratives as recounted in interview, the thesis critically engages with the contemporary value of images of traditional Italy from a Modern Languages perspective. The aim is to practically demonstrate how ethnography and the study of material culture can be used to complement the conventional disciplinary emphasis of Modern Languages on critical analysis of written and visual texts and on linguistic competence. Drawing on the work of a variety of ethnographic theorists of the significance of the everyday and the unexpected, of the interplay between power and selfhood, and of class and the inscription of value, the thesis explores the ideals read into notions of Italy’s authenticity across different sites in terms of the tensions between the desirability of a grounded, local identity and the simultaneous need to be able to distance oneself from it, generational class difference and its enduring memory, the diversity of rural and urban experience, and self-understanding and expression. Via case-studies of different sites and an investigation into the pertinence of an ethnographic reflexivity in the context of language learning, it places relevant contemporary anthropological, linguistic and sociological theory in dialogue with existing calls for renewal from within Modern Languages to practice an ethnographic approach to the study of language and culture.
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Greußlich, Sebastian. "El pluricentrismo de la cultura lingüística hispánica: política lingüística, los estándares regionales y la cuestión de su codificación". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102125.
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Durante los últimos diez años aproximadamente, la RAE y sus Academias hermanas han venido publicando una serie de obras explícitamente comprometidas con una visión pluricéntrica de la cultura lingüística hispánica. La presente contribución pretende indagar el impacto del pluricentrismo—concepto clave en el nivel de la política lingüística actual— en la conceptualización de la variación y, consiguientemente, el tratamiento de los datos lingüísticos empíricos, principalmente en la Nueva gramática de la lengua española (desde aquí “NGLE”), donde esta interrelación problemática se plasma de una forma especialmente compleja.Approximately over the past ten years, the RAE and its associated Academies have published several works committed explicitly to a pluricentric vision of Hispanic language culture. This paper aims at examining the impact of pluricentrism — a key concept in terms of current language policy — on the conceptualization of linguistic variation and, consequently, the treatment of empirical data. In doing so, the focus will be on the Nueva gramática de la lengua española (from here “NGLE”), where this problematic interrelation is reflected in an especially complex way.
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Poliakova, T., i P. Vasylenko. "Interaction of language, human being and culture when teaching foreign languages". Thesis, Харківський національний технічний університет сільського господарства ім. Петра Василенка, 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/37066.
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James, Alan. "Regional culture, corporate strategy and high tech innovation : Salt Lake City". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411207.
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Donovan, Victoria. "'Nestolichnaya kul'tura' : regional and national identity in post-1961 Russian culture". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22185307-f4fa-4427-89a5-f40e5de962ec.
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This thesis examines the state-sponsored rise of local patriotism in the post-1961 period, interpreting this as part of the effort to strengthen popular support for and the legitimacy of the Soviet regime during the second phase of de-Stalinization. It shifts the analytical focus away from the Secret Speech of 1956, the time of Khrushchev’s full-scale assault on Stalin and his legacy, to the Twenty-Second Party Congress of 1961, the inauguration of a utopian and pioneering plan to build Communism by 1980. The thesis considers how this famously forward-looking programme gave rise to an institutionalized retrospectivism as Soviet policy makers turned to the past to mobilize popular support for socialist construction. It examines how this process played out in the Russian North West, where Soviet citizens were encouraged to turn inwards to examine their local history and traditions, and to reread these through the lens of Soviet socialism. The thesis takes as a case study the towns of Novgorod, Pskov, and Vologda, where the state-sponsored regeneration of local traditions significantly impacted on the self-perception of local communities. In the first part, I look at the strategies for representing and displaying local culture in pubic institutions: the textual treatment and symbolic ordering of urban space in local tourist guides; the heritage movement and the attribution of cultural value to certain objects from the local landscape; and the primary focuses of the exhibitive 'gaze' in local museums. The second part of the thesis shifts the focus from institutionalized culture to popular culture, examining the informal practices and oral traditions that exist alongside the authoritative discourses of social identity in the post-Soviet period. The popular interpretation of public sculpture, the collective imagination of urban space, and the 'common knowledge' of the past as it is articulated in oral narratives are the focuses of discussion.
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Nolan, Justin M. "Ethnobotany in Missouri's Little Dixie : knowledge variation in a regional culture /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974669.
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Goldberger, Stephanie. "Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles: Strengthening Their Ethnic Identity Through Chivas USA". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/307.
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A large Mexican-American population already exists in Los Angeles and, with each generation, it continues to rise. This Mexican-American community has maintained its connection to its heritage by playing and watching soccer, Mexico’s top watched sport. In this thesis, I analyze how Major League Soccer's Chivas USA serves as an outlet through which many Mexicans in Los Angeles have developed their ethnic identities. Since the early twentieth century, Mexicans in Los Angeles have created separate residential communities and sports organizations to strengthen their connections with one another.
To appeal to Mexican-Americans, Chivas USA has branded itself closely to its sister team Chivas Guadalajara of Mexico. I explore how Chivas USA's Mexican-American fans have responded to the team's arrival in Los Angeles by forming three different supporter groups — Legion 1908, Union Ultras, and Black Army 1850. By interviewing members of the Union Ultras and Black Army 1850, I learned their beliefs towards a range of issues, including: why they support Chivas USA rather than the Los Angeles Galaxy and how they view the poor representation of Mexican-American players on the United States National Soccer Team. As I conclude, these supporter groups have increased in number and diversity as Chivas USA has grown in popularity. To increase its Mexican-American fan base and to sustain professional soccer in Los Angeles, Chivas USA should relocate to a new stadium for the Major League Soccer's 2013 season and consider rebranding its name to "Chivas Los Angeles."
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Ehnfors, Rebecca. "The concept of culture What does the syllabus say?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67736.
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Cultural studies consist of more than just facts about cultural features. Theorists within the field of culture pedagogy emphasize that culture should be viewed as a dynamic and complex phenomenon rather than an accomplished fact, and stress the importance of connecting cultural studies to democratic values. Clear traces of this notion can be found in the English syllabus. But to get the full picture of what the syllabus actually says about culture, and which democratic values culture pedagogy should promote, we need to relate the concept of culture to the concept of critical literacy.
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Long, Cory J. "Authentic materials an educator's guide to their use in the language classroom /". [Muncie, Ind.] : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/451.
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Hermsen, Terry. "Languages of engagement". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070294401.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 700 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-209). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Ramadan, Wael H. "The influence of organizational culture on sustainable competitive advantage of SMES, Best business practices for achieving world-class status, The link between business & region". Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1259962262.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2009.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Dec. 18, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
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Gallivan, Kathleen C. "Does culture translate can we make the words our own? /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1164.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 30 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30).
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Studholme, Nora E. "Silicon Valley Startup Companies: A Question of Culture". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/962.
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In recent years, Silicon Valley has become virtually synonymous with startup companies. These companies are defined by their famous "startup culture." An interesting and unanticipated outcome of this research was the finding that the discourse of Silicon Valley startups is framed centrally in terms of culture. I use discourse analysis to understand the way people create and perpetuate structures of power, gender, and culture. By studying the way people in startup companies talk about their expectations and experiences, this analysis hopes to gain a deeper understanding into the normalized cultural discourses surrounding startup organizations, as well as the way individuals negotiate their subjective realities within this sphere.
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Priest, Kathryn. "Attitudes in languedoc-roussillon to the principle of regional languages and the practice of occitan". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502735.
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Lewis, Rhodri. "Language, mind and nature : artificial languages in England from Bacon to Locke /". Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0803/2007281317-b.html.
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Rodrigues, Grace Kelly Marques. "Culturas regionais no Brasil: um estudo sobre as percepções mútuas de gaúchos e baianos no ambiente de trabalho". Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2008. http://www.adm.ufba.br/sites/default/files/publicacao/arquivo/grace_k_m_rodrigues_dissertacao_jun_2006.pdf.
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175 p.Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-07T20:26:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 15252525.pdf: 701317 bytes, checksum: b3dfa954f220e6384c14176d117cff83 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T20:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 15252525.pdf: 701317 bytes, checksum: b3dfa954f220e6384c14176d117cff83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
A realidade brasileira é constituída por uma construção histórico-social que reúne uma profusão de tradições, de línguas, etnias, costumes, visões de mundo e de comportamentos, os quais expressam modos de ser e de se relacionar distintos, identificando a pluralidade cultural como uma das grandes características do país. Nesse contexto, esta dissertação analisa a interação entre culturas regionais no Brasil, procurando evidenciar as diferentes percepções existentes entre as culturas gaúcha e baiana durante o convívio no ambiente de trabalho de uma organização gaúcha instalada na Bahia há mais de dez anos. A revisão teórica sobre cultura, cultura organizacional, estudos da cultura nacional e a formação das culturas regionais gaúcha e baiana subsidiou o trabalho empírico e as análises dos resultados obtidos. Por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gaúchos e baianos foram verificadas diferenças na maneira como estes, embora pertencentes a uma mesma cultura nacional, percebem a si e ao outro grupo cultural distinto. Verificou-se, também, que, na percepção dos entrevistados, a organização, ambiente deste convívio intercultural, tende a uniformizar tal diversidade, não atentando em suas decisões para a relevância das diferenças presentes dentro ou fora dos limites da organização.
Salvador
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Watson, Katherine Emma. "Aspects of religious change, regional culture and resistance in Yorkshire, c.1530-1580". Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9954/.
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Studies of England during the Reformation period have been broad-ranging and often controversial. Ever changing perspectives and altering interpretations of the archival materials, alongside a lasting interest in the process of religious change make this a topic of enduring interest. For Yorkshire, first studied by Dickens some 70 years ago, recent approaches have opened the way for a return to the ecclesiastical archives and have created a need for their re-interpretation in the light of work by historians such as Shagan and Hoyle. This thesis examines religious change in Reformation Yorkshire in the context of regional culture and .resistance. The extent to which these three issues were intertwined influenced the ways in which Yorkshire towns, villages and parishes received religious change, the ways in which they resisted it, and the ways in which elements of reform became adopted as part of evolving local cultures. The county witnessed extremes of belief on both sides of the confessional divide, from early engagement at Hull to continued conservatism at Whitby, whilst the majority of the population continued to attend church and conform to the religion they were offered. Resistance to change ranged from open rebellion to sullen acquiescence, and included more subtle and underground forms of opposition. As religious change became more embedded in societies it is possible to see its influence in even the most traditional forms ofregional culture. Drawing on the extensive. ecc.lesiastical archives for the Diocese, and taking Dickens' interpretations as a starting point, this thesis demonstrates the complexity and diversity of the process of religious change in a region traditionally perceived to be isolated, backward and Catholic, and through local examples emphasises the continued importance of regional studies to a fuller understanding of the interaction of change, culture and resistance in early modern English religion.
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Clark, Janine Genevieve. "Regional Planning Solutions to Changing the Culture of Water Consumption in Phoenix, Arizona". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594938.
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Arizona has put time and effort into drought preparation—with water banking, surface water storage, and laws to dictate water planning for future developments. However, these securities are stretched thin and weakened by the wake of Arizona's rapid development. In this paper I will focus on the state catalyst for growth, and precedent for political decisions: Phoenix. With a political-economic foundation rooted in a culture of consumption, Phoenix has enabled boundless growth within its impermanent borders—gaining population and short-term economic benefits, while losing its unique desert identity. If adjustments are not made to current means of allocation and rates of demand, Phoenix will face a supply gap in the future. These issues are compounded by climate change, which threatens the longevity of surface water supplies. This paper will outline the strengths and highlight the shortfalls of previous water policies and projects, then discuss threats to available supplies. Embodying a desert identity and embracing conservation in both the urbanized area and economy will be key to the future success of Phoenix, as the necessary changes in policies that link water and land use planning will not be possible without an engaged public base.
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Ekandem, Joshua Ime Asukwo Lau Tin-Man. "Designing fo cultures an approach for product design using components of regional culture /". Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1877.
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Cortez, Marc. "Models, metaphors, and multivalent contextualizations religious language and the nature of contextual theology /". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Qian, Lihua. "Conceptions of the role of culture in foreign language education in China". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=179539.
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Interest in foreign language, in particular English, education in China has grown considerably in the past three decades, not only in terms of linguistic aspects, but also, more recently, its cultural dimension. The recent syllabuses for non-English and English majors have placed emphasis, to varying extents, on the development of students’ cultural knowledge and/or intercultural communicative competence. The purpose of the research reported in this dissertation is to provide a panoramic picture and a characterisation of the conceptions of culture and its role in English language teaching and learning in China. The research was designed as two discrete, but related, studies: a survey of academic publications; and a field study. The survey aimed at providing a systematic account of the main themes and emphases of writings about culture teaching and intercultural communication studies. Its aim was to discover the research interests, beliefs about culture and the role of culture in foreign language, mainly English, education, and culture teaching techniques. The field study employed semi-structured interviews and non-participant classroom observations to investigate Chinese university EFL teachers’ conceptions of culture and beliefs about culture teaching, and their instructional practices in the classroom. The findings from the studies indicate that the writers and the teachers shared a similar, fairly circumscribed, range of conceptions about culture and culture teaching. Culture is viewed principally as one’s way of life; the role of teaching culture in language learning as presenting factual information relating to products, practices and perspectives. Culture teaching is regarded as important and necessary in foreign language teaching, and its goal as the development of knowledge about cultures and awareness of other cultures. The main culture teaching techniques used in education are introduction, comparison and culture, and student projects Nonetheless, teachers were found to have little acquaintance with culture theory and to lack pedagogical training in culture teaching. They rely predominantly on their own, personal and largely limited, knowledge about and experience of other cultures and tend to focus on the development of students’ language proficiency without sustained cultural input. Despite the rapidly expanding scholarly literature on these topics, it appears to have very limited influence on actual foreign language teaching in universities. On the basis of these findings, a tentative model for cultural education in FLT in China is proposed, comprising (1) developing teachers’ beliefs about and knowledge of culture and culture learning; (2) strengthening comparative cultural studies and cultural pedagogically-oriented research, especially by teachers themselves; (3) developing expertise in culture-related pedagogical practice; (4) extending opportunities for both teachers and learners to gain immersion experiences in other cultures.
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Bösch, Stephan. "The tragedy of ordinarity : culture constraints on sustainable development based on public transport /". Karlstad : Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Human Geography, Karlstads universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-2879.
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Banks, Mark Oliver. "Televising the region : the production and consumption of Granadaland". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246097.
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Mueller, Caroline. "The piecing of identity : an autobiographical investigation of culture and values in language education". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31125.
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This study will explore my own perception of my personal and professional roles as a language teacher in Nunavik and in Japan. In this qualitative study, I attempt to understand the negotiation of language and culture both in and out of the classroom. Using the autobiographical narrative method, I investigate questions about language and identity through my own personal lens and voice. My inquiry comprises two elements; it examines and interprets key episodes in my life as a learner and teacher, and as a researcher, I link these topics to theoretical and empirical knowledge. My narrative begins with the early years of my life as a Francophone immersed in an English neighbourhood in Montreal, grounding it in the particular experiences of my own learning and teaching. The study also includes a comparative analysis of my teaching experiences in Northern Quebec and in Japan. The journals I kept throughout my teaching assignments provide material for analysis which contributes a unique perspective to the body of literature addressing the relationship between culture, values, language and identity. I close the discussion with recommendations for the improvement of second language teaching and teacher development in intercultural contexts.
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Allen, Nicholas Peter Legh. "The role of language and mediation in selected aspects of contemporary culture". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/468.
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Statement of the Problem: Specifically, how suitable is a textual language in communicating “irrational concepts” and religious myths designed to explain the irrational? Furthermore, how important is the mastery of a textual language apropos of our conceptual processes and in what ways can the structure of a specific language-game impact on a person’s conceptual abilities? To undertake this enquiry, certain assumptions will have to be made. For example, it is accepted that everything we interpret and ultimately understand is mediated solely through language in the broad sense (which includes visual cognition or literacy). Here it is accepted that without language we cannot think. Indeed, even our most private thoughts are based on a language, which embodies communally sanctioned criteria. Hypothesis: It is then the premise of this dissertation that the very architecture of a person’s mother-tongue has a profound influence on the worldview and perception of a particular person. Also it is possible to consider that certain languages, by virtue of their very structure, either hinder or facilitate certain cognitive development or potential. Further, if we could but increase the linguistic proficiency of our citizens, we will be better positioned to develop a critical mass of people who are problem solvers, mathematicians and conceptualizers; and who will address the shortfall of graduates in science, engineering, technology and business in South Africa. If in any way accurate, this would tend to imply that (inter alia) the retention rate of potential graduates in the SET and business disciplines will be significantly improved if educational policy-makers embraced even the most basic tenets of the linguistic paradigm.
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Leitch, David Gideon. "The politics of understanding language as a model of culture /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3331060.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Dec. 5, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-251).
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Shafiq, Shagul M. "Airports as Portrayers of Regional Character and Culture: A Case Study of Sulaymaniyah Airport". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535636997174456.
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Pralong, Sandra. "Does Culture matter ? : regional differences in the development of Romania's civil society (1990-2005)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0047.
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Cette thèse établit l’existence de larges variations régionales dans le développement de la vie associative roumaine, et cherche a démontrer que les variations sont dues aux différences culturelles entre les régions. Je montre que l’enclave hongroise de la région des Sicules a jusqu’a quatre fois plus d’associations que le reste du pays et que, de manière générale, la Transylvanie a une densité associative plus grande et une société civile plus foisonnante que le reste du pays (et ceci en dépit du fait que les contraintes légales et institutionnelles étaient les mêmes lorsque la vie associative a repris après 1989). Pour analyser la relevance des facteurs culturels, j’ai utilise la méthodologie de Geert Hofstede. J’ai découvert que parmi ses 5 dimensions culturelles (Distance par rapport au pouvoir, Individualisme/Collectivisme; Masculinité/Féminité; Suppression de l’Incertitude et Orientation dans le temps pour le Court ou le Long Terme), seules la Distance par rapport au pouvoir et la Suppression de l’Incertitude semblent appropries en termes de développement de la société civileThis thesis establishes the existence of large regional variations in Romania’s associative life and seeks to probe whether the origin of such discrepancies is cultural. I reveal that in the Hungarian-speaking enclave of Secui there are up to four-times more associations than in the rest of the country. Also, I show that Transylvania as a whole has a higher associational density and a more vibrant civil society than the rest of the country, in spite of the fact that that the legal and institutional constraints were similar throughout the country when civil society re-emerged in 1989. To assess the relevance of cultural factors as explanatory variables I use Geert Hofstede’s methodology, and find that of all 5 cultural dimensions (Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism; Masculinity/Femininity; Uncertainty Avoidance and Short/Long Term Orientation), Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance seem the most relevant in terms of civil society development
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Roman, Melissa. "Beacon in the Night: Contested Space and Regional Culture on the Central Oregon Coast". DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4715.
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Regional identity and contested space were explored through the lens of four central Oregon Coast lighthouses. These beacons offered a look into the settlement of the Pacific Northwest and the complexity of contested space. Not only did the sentinels sit at the edge of a human battle with nature, but the keepers and their families lived in problematic conditions as well (both domestic and environmental). The living quarters and outbuildings provided by the U.S. lighthouse Board illustrated the cultural tastes of the period and the distillation of those tastes throughout the country as the nation expanded into and throughout the west. Further, these buildings were constructed within the pseudo military structure of light-tending and governed via principles predetermined by the u.s. Lighthouse Establishment. The daily lives of the lighthouse families conveyed the challenges of new settlement in, and the impact of lighthouses on, the West coast.
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Amos, H. W. G. "Regional languages in the linguistic landscape : the visibility and status of Occitan and Corsican in southern France". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3009809/.
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