Rozprawy doktorskie: „Regional clusters”

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Floriani, Julia Ropelato 1981, Mohamed 1960 Amal, Clóvis 1968 Reis i Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional. "Empresas multinacionais, clusters e desenvolvimento regional". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2018. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2018/364654_1_1.pdf.

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Orientador: Mohamed Amal.
Coorientador: Clóvis Reis.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Regional) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional, Centro de Ciências Humanas e da Comunicação, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau.

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Zhao, Bei, i 趙蓓. "Embeddedness and competitiveness: regional clusters in China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29872157.

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Sousa, Caroline de. "Clusters industriais : vantagem competitiva e desenvolvimento regional". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2770.

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A transformação da tecnologia, tanto na área da informática quanto em telecomunicações, facilitou o acesso a informação, bem como, reduziu os seus custos de acesso. Isso fez com que as redes de relações entre os agentes econômicos adquirissem maior agilidade e alcance geográfico, estreitando a interação ente o local e o global. Desta forma, a organização na busca da inserção no mercado internacional voltou-se para um processo regional, no qual o conceito de cluster passa a ser uma ferramenta hábil para responder distintas indagações. Esses questionamentos surgem desde o ciclo dos negócios e da administração das firmas, até a utilização de recursos como espaço, mão-de-obra, insumos e principalmente da disseminação do conhecimento. Inerte neste novo ambiente criado pelo avanço tecnológico, as aglomerações industriais servem como facilitadoras na criação de inovações que apresentam-se como externalidades positivas, na geração do desenvolvimento econômico regional. Tanto que, chegam a incitar a participação, em determinadas situações, bastante ativa dos governos no intuito de promover e sustentar o industrial clustering. Portanto, o tema central deste trabalho será clusters, e o seu papel determinante na obtenção de vantagens competitivas na indústria e sua relação com o desenvolvimento regional. Dentro deste intuito, também apresenta-se-á, no Capítulo 5, a análise do cluster de calçados do Vale dos Sinos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, através do método estrutural diferencial, com dados fornecidos pela Relação Anual de Informações Sociais – RAIS, no período de 1990 até 2001.

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Rocha, Hector Osvaldo. "Entrepreneurship and regional development : the role of clusters". Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416962.

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Marques, Maria José Haneman. "Clusters industriais e desenvolvimento regional: a construcção de políticas". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16663.

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Mestrado em Inovação e Políticas de Desenvolvimento
O que é ser competitivo na economia de hoje? Como se pode promover a eficiência económica regional? Como se pode usar uma abordagem de clusters no distrito de Aveiro para promover a competitividade e desenvolvimento regional? Esta dissertação visa contribuir para o debate em torno destas questões, em especial da última questão mais ligada às preocupações de natureza prática e de carácter operativo. Parte do pressuposto de que o conceito de cluster é um instrumento privilegiado de análise da economia regional e apropriado para a definição de políticas de desenvolvimento económico realistas. A abordagem segundo o conceito de cluster pode representar uma estrutura de apoio para a transformação de sectores tradicionais de base industrial num sistema de criação de valor competitivo e tecnologicamente mais avançado. Neste sentido, o objectivo central deste trabalho de investigação é, por um lado, melhorar a compreenção dos desafios e dos contributos de uma abordagem de cluster e, por outro lado, mostrar como se pode usar o conceito de cluster para promover a competitividade e a eficiência económica na região de Aveiro.
What is the meaning of being competitive in the contemporary economy? How can regional economic efficiency be promoted? How can a cluster based approach be applied to the region of Aveiro in order to foster its competitive and innovative capacity? This dissertation aims to contribute for questioning the issues referred to above, emphasising the last one, concerned with the practical and operative nature of competitiveness promotion. It is assumed that the concept of cluster is a privileged analytical tool to be applied to regional economies and hence to contribute for the design of adequate economic development policies. The cluster based approach can thus be a supportive framework for the transformation of a simple agglomeration of traditional industrial sectors into a competitive and technologically advanced industrial system. Accordingly, the main goals of this research work are, on the one hand, to improve the understanding of the new insights offered by the cluster based approach to regional economic development, and, on the other hand, to illustrate how the cluster concept can be used in order to promote economic efficiency and competitiveness in the region of Aveiro.

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SUGG, EMI. "REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION AND POTENTIAL INDUSTRY CLUSTERS IN THE JACKSON PURCHASE REGION OF WESTERN KENTUCKY". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148320676.

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Mason, Cecily Jane, i cecilym@deakin edu au. "Virtual Communities of Enterprise Value Creation Potential for Regional Clusters". Deakin University. Management and Marketing, 2008. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20090129.152913.

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Governments around the world have pursued ICT based initiatives including the provision of infrastructure to assist regional areas to develop economically (Beckinsale et al. 2006). There has been considerable interest in exploiting ICT to develop high technology clusters and support innovative networks (Lawson & Lorenz 1999). However, these initiatives have met with mixed success. It is clear that such development depends on more than providing appropriate technology Attention to social and organisational factors is crucial if regional areas are to realise the potential of ICT as a tool for regional development (Gengatharen & Standing 2005). It is important to understand the nature of business networking as well as the perspective of those participating in such networks if successful initiatives are to be established. The aim of this research is to identify how ICT can be used for knowledge sharing among businesses in regional areas and how the online networks through which knowledge is shared can contribute to the development of the region. This research investigates the question of what value small businesses in those regions derive from knowledge sharing networks using ICT. It also seeks to identify the value creation potential of those networks for their region. Previous research has shown that large organisations have achieved significant value from virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) as a structure for sharing knowledge and supporting innovation (Wenger 2004). The concept of Communities of Practice and Virtual Communities of Practice provided a useful point of departure for this research. The investigation comprised interpretive case studies of two Australian regional areas and their local business networks which incorporated SMEs in a variety of industries. Each case study was conducted in three stages. First, semi-structured interviews were conducted with regional economic development leaders. Second, 192 small and medium business owners were surveyed about their business activities and their participation in local business networks. Third, in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 small business owners to gain a richer understanding of their participation in knowledge-sharing networks and the value they realised or anticipated from various knowledge-sharing activities. A combined analysis of the two cases was conducted as well as the individual analyses. The research adopted a modified Structured Case method (Carroll & Swatman 2000). The analysis of the two case studies revealed: a.) There was a significant difference between the majority of SMEs who traded within the region and those trading largely beyond the region. The latters more proactive online sharing knowledge and seeking of business opportunities would enable them to access most value from VCoEs. b.) The participating SMEs operated in a number of industries and what they had in common was an interest in improving their enterprises. Consequently they used their regional networks which were not aligned to any one industry to make connections and share knowledge. They did not necessarily seek to access specific information. c.) A necessary prerequisite of VCoEs is having vibrant CoEs where face-to-face interaction enhances the development of trust and social capital. This appeared as an important factor facilitating the move to incorporate online knowledge sharing. d.) Younger businesses appeared to gain the most value from knowledge sharing in CoEs as they were using their networks to determine how to grow their firm. e.) The value of VCoEs to the SME participants is primarily in their general connection to other businesses in the region. Since the participants operate in a number of industries, what they have in common is an interest in their enterprises. The main value appears to come from the potential of the VCoEs to add to this connection and to social capital. This study found that successful management of VCoEs must: i) Ensure the network website is actively used by members before attempting to incorporate online knowledge sharing. ii) Monitor and stimulate online forum interaction rather than rely on interaction to occur naturally. iii) Not rely on email as a mechanism for stimulating knowledge sharing. Email is seen as more appropriate for formal documentation than for candid exchange of views. The concept of virtual communities of practice was found to be somewhat inappropriate for the diverse SMEs in the regional networks. Because of their diversity, they do not necessarily see value in sharing knowledge about practice but they do see value in sharing more general information and in providing support, connection and ideas that facilitate the strategic direction of their business. To address this issue, the concept of virtual communities of enterprise (VCoEs) is proposed as recognition of what the participating SMEs had in common: an interest in their individual businesses as part of the region. The original contribution of this research consists of its identification of the issues in linking SMEs across industries. It provides new insights on the business practices of regional SMEs and developed the concepts of Community of Enterprise (CoE) and Virtual Community of Enterprise (VCoE) to capture the special nature of knowledge sharing in regional multi-industry business networks. New perspectives are revealed on the ways that value could be derived from knowledge sharing by these regionally networked SMEs, as such it adds to the body of knowledge in an area where there has been little systematic investigation. This research reinforces the importance of social capital as an essential pre-requisite for accessing the value of intellectual capital in regions. Social capital emerges as vital when establishing and maintaining face-to-face knowledge sharing in regional networks and a necessary pre-condition for successfully establishing online knowledge sharing. Trust is a key factor and this research extends understanding of the role of social capital and the importance of trust in regional networks and online interaction. Its findings have significant implications for the development and management of CoEs and VCoEs as it outlines the key elements that need to be addressed when establishing and maintaining them, the appropriate applications for this context and the issues involved in management of the networking and online contexts. These findings not only increase our understanding of the management dynamics of online networks, they can also provide guidance to those seeking to establish successful VCoEs.

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Fourie, Colin Ralph. "Collaborative regional organisational networks : cultivating regional knowledge diffusion to become globally competitive". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97096.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis takes as its focus collaborative regional organisational networks. It is argued that in knowledge intensive sectors, such collaboration clusters are an important factor for being competitive in a global economy. To substantiate this claim, both a regional case study of the KwaZulu-Natal Information and Communications and Electronics Technology (ICTE) cluster forum is undertaken and a single firm case of MicroVision Software, a member of the cluster forum. The introductory chapter provides background about the global extent of collaborative activity especially in the high technology and knowledge-intensive sectors. Chapter 2 examines how regions across the world have developed strategies to grow and maintain their economic strengths in the knowledge economy. This is primarily described through two reference cases studies. The case of the Humberside Training and Enterprise Council (TEC) conducted by Fryer, comprising around 70 organisations, is an example of how the principles of complexity theory can be implemented to yield a network model based on autonomy, connectivity, feedback, community and leadership. This case provides a reference model for how to provide an enabling environment for collaborative knowledge networks. The flat panel display (FPD) research done by Spencer demonstrates the effectiveness of successful regional strategies for convergent, knowledge-diffusion networks. Spencer’s work shows that whilst most FPD technologies were initially invented in US laboratories in the 1960s, all portable computers produced after 1989 contained Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screens that were primarily manufactured in Asia. Spencer found that regions were most competitive when the regional knowledge-diffusion networks are at their highest density levels and when guided by a strategic centre. Chapter 3 turns to the macro case study of the KZN ICTE Cluster Forum. The forum was established to address factors identified in a study commissioned by the KZN DEDT, which found that whilst the electronics sector in KZN has many innovative firms and skilful graduates, knowledge diffusion networks are virtually non-existent. The case study shows how this forum tried to encourage collaboration, but failed to accomplish most of its goals. Chapter 4 provides a micro case study of a particular organisation, MicroVision Software, that participated in the KZN ICTE Cluster Forum. The case takes the form of participatory or action research, because it is about the author's own journey as an entrepreneur. The case study shows the critical role that network ties and networked organisation played in the projects undertaken. It is shown how the organisation underwent many phases of re-invention as a result of changes in the ICT environment. It is argued that the various education management systems developed, which involve large systems integration challenges, can only succeed if a clustered organisation is developed around it. The concluding chapter considered how the ICTE Cluster Forum could be re-invigorated, given the lessons from the reference case studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis fokus op organisatoriese streeksamewerkingsnetwerke. Hierin word daar argumenteer dat in kennis intensiewe sektore in die globale ekonomie sulke samewerkingsnetwerke ‘n sentrale kompeterende faktor is. Om hierdie stelling te bevestig word twee gevallestudies ondersoek, naamlik die KwaZulu-Natal Information and Communications and Electronics Technology (ICTE) groepsforum en ‘n enkele firma, MicroVision Software, wat ‘n lid is van hierdie forum. Die inleidende hoofstuk skets die agtergrond van die globale omvang van samewerkingsnetwerke met die klem op die hoë tegnologie- en kennis- intensiewe sektore. Hoofstuk 2 ondersoek hoe streke wêreldwyd strategieë ontwikkel het om hulle ekonomieë te groei en hulle ekonomiese voordeel te handhaaf in die kennis- ekonomie. Dit word hoofsaaklik beskryf met die hulp van twee gevallestudies wat as verwysingspunt dien vir die latere gevallestudies wat uitgevoer is. Die geval van Humberside Training and Enterprise Council (TEC), ‘n ondersoek van ongeveer 70 organisasies deur Fryer, is ‘n voorbeeld van hoe die beginsels van kompleksiteitsteorie geimplimenteer kan word om ‘n netwerkmodel te vestig wat geskoei is op outonomie, konneksies, terugvoerlusse, en leierskap. Die geval bied ‘n verwysingsraamwerk vir die skep van ‘n vrugbare omgewing vir samewerkende kennisnetwerke. Die platpaneelskerm (Flat Panel Display) industrie navorsing deur Spencer demonsteer die effektiwiteit van suksesvolle streekstrategieë vir uiteenlopende, kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke. Spencer se werk illustreer dat alhoewel die meeste platpaneelskerm-navorsing aanvanklik in Amerikaanse laboratoria plaasgevind het, alle skootrekenaars wat na 1989 vervaardig is, vloeikristalskerms (LCD) wat van Asië afkomstig was bevat het. Spencer het bevind dat areas hoogs kompeterend was wanneer kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke op sy hoogste digtheidsvlakke was en deur ‘n strategiese sentrum bestuur is. Hoofstuk 3 fokus op die makro gevallestudie van die KZN ICTE groepsforum. Die forum is gestig om kwessies wat geїdentifiseer is in ‘n studie aangevra deur die KZN DEDT aan te spreek. Dié studie het bevind dat alhoewel die elektronika sektor in KZN bestaan uit baie innoverende firmas en bedien is deur bekwame graduandi, het kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke feitlik nie bestaan nie. Die studie toon hoe hierdie forum samewerking aangemoedig het, maar tog gefaal het in die meeste van sy doelwitte. Hoofstuk 4 bied ‘n mikro gevallestudie van ‘n spesifieke maatskappy, Microvision Software, wat deel was van die KZN ICTE groepsforum. Dit handel oor die outeur se eie wedervaringe as ‘n entrepreneur en is dus aksie navorsing. Dié gevallestudie belig die kritiese rol wat netwerke gespeel het in die sukses van die projekte wat die maatskappy onderneem het. Dit wys hoe die maatskappy verskillende fases van herontdekking en herposisionering as gevolg van voortdurende verandering in die inligtingstegnologie-landskap ondergaan het. Daar word geargumenteer dat die verskeie opvoedkundige bestuurstelsels ,wat grootskaalse integrasieuitdagings bied, slegs suksesvol kan wees wanneer daar ‘n samewerkingsnetwerk daar rondom gevestig word. Die finale hoofstuk oorweeg die moontlikhede van herlewing en bemagtiging van die ICTE groepsforum.

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Bozkirlioglu, Ali. "Cluster Potential In Industrial Sectors Of Samsun: Kutlukent Furniture Cluster Study". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605603/index.pdf.

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The present study investigated whether cluster potentials could be identified in the geographical area within the boundaries of Samsun province, and if identified, how such a potential could be promoted through corresponding support measures. Development of policy recommendations for promotion of identified cluster potential was the principal goal of the study. The course of the study was characterized by a cluster-based policy-making process in the policy environment, i.e. Samsun province. The process includes a descriptive part, i.e. cluster analysis, and a prescriptive part, i.e. determining policy goals and designing policy instruments. In the literature review, a guide to the field study was developed by review of various approaches to cluster concept
common features of clusters and the competitive advantages these give rise to
various practices in cluster-based policy development, and various cluster analysis methods. The field study starts with the initial identification of need for policy intervention, at which stage the rationale for pursuing a cluster-based policy in the specific conditions of Samsun and Turkey was discussed. The &ldquo
clusters as sectors&rdquo
approach was utilized in the identification of region&rsquo
s (potential) clusters and selection of the cluster as the subject of analysis and policy development. The analysis of industrial sectors in Samsun&rsquo
s economy was followed by selection of the target sector via employing various criteria assessing the importance of these sectors in terms of value added to the regional economy, and the clustering potential. Accordingly, furniture sector was selected, and the agglomeration of furniture sector enterprises in Kutlukent locality was identified as the potential cluster to be the subject of analysis and policy development. Following the identification of the potential cluster, the descriptive part was completed by second-stage micro-level analysis of the identified potential cluster, by which detailed information about the potential cluster was presented. At that phase, cluster potential of the structure was assessed by examining the elements in cluster value and production chain
public and private business support infrastructure
the flow of materials and goods in the chain
untraded relationships between the elements
characteristics of enterprises and workforce
and innovation performance. This comprehensive in-depth analysis of the cluster provided the required information to identify the specific needs of the cluster for cluster-based policy intervention. In the last part of the thesis, i.e. prescriptive part, cluster-oriented policy recommendations were developed including the determination of policy goal and the design/selection of policy instruments. The necessary information was collected by two-stage expert interviews, and by overall scan of the enterprises involved in the cluster via enterprise survey, which was realized in interviews with all of the enterprises. Six experts and 283 enterprises participated in the study. The results of the analysis showed that, while Kutlukent furniture cluster had some features, which are common in effective cluster models, the cluster lacks some critical features, which are crucial for effective functioning of a successful cluster. Hence, Kutlukent furniture cluster was defined as a &ldquo
potential&rdquo
cluster, which should be promoted by utilizing the existing potentials and strengths, and by addressing the weaknesses and obstacles identified in the analysis of the cluster, via appropriate cluster-oriented policy measures, which were proposed in the prescriptive part of the policy-making process. By these measures, the elements of Kutlukent potential cluster would be able to realize competitive advantages associated with clustering as in successful cluster models.

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Telles, Luciana Oliveira. "Clusters e a indústria ligada à área da saúde em Ribeirão Preto". Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-10122002-104359/.

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O trabalho analisa a indústria de equipamentos médicos, hospitalares e odontológicos em Ribeirão Preto usando a literatura dos clusters como referencial teórico. O levantamento do perfil das empresas locais do setor e do arranjo produtivo local foi realizado através de pesquisa de campo com as empresas locais e com os laboratórios das faculdades pertencentes à Universidade de São Paulo. Com isto, espera-se conhecer melhor o que são as empresas deste setor no município e espera-se poder delinear as possibilidades do desenvolvimento de um cluster na área de equipamentos médicos, hospitalares e odontológicos entre as empresas do município como um meio de alavancar o crescimento das empresas e dinamizar a economia local, aproveitando-se da produção local e do aparato institucional existentes.
This work analyses the industry of medical equipments in the city of Ribeirão Preto using clusters literature as theoretical reference. The studies of the characteristics of the local firms and its local arrangements were realized by a research with these firms and with the laboratories of the University of São Paulo. We expect to contribute to the knowledge of this industrial sector in this city and also to contribute to draw the possibilities of development of a medical equipment cluster as a mean to boost the local industry and the local economy, taking advantage of the existing production and the institutional apparatus.

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Zeelie, Eben Johannes. "Benchmark value chain clusters, agglomeration economies and dynamic externalities : an intergrated approach to regional economic development". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1086.

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From the broad overview of the cluster literature, the proposition emerges that the manipulation of regional economic structural and cluster factor conditions within a geographically proximate region can translate into sustainable regional economic growth outcomes. As a first step in exploring this research, a theoretical framework for the conceptualisation of industry clusters was established and a methodological framework applied to statistically identify major manufacturing value chain clusters in the Eastern Cape Province. This methodology combines a strength-of-linkage measure for all pairs of supply and use sectors (as revealed in the systematic analysis of intermediate purchasing and sales patterns in the South African Final Supply and Use Tables: 2002) with the application of Ward’s hierarchical cluster algorithm to map the national benchmark value chain clusters in the South African national economy. The ensuing national value chain benchmark cluster framework was then transposed to the Eastern Cape Province to reveal cluster concentrations and gaps that exist in the value chain clusters in the province. The methodology applied in this study provides an objective and clear perspective of inter-industry linkages in the South African economy and produces more detailed and evenly distributed clusters than traditional cluster identification methodologies. Secondary linkages were determined for each of the twenty-six core value chain clusters to depict the diversity of sectors linked to the respective core clusters. In transposing the national benchmark value chain cluster framework onto the Eastern Cape Province economy, a number of distinct advantages emerge. Firstly, it reveals gaps in value chain cluster groupings that may be filled through industry recruiting or regional business development strategies. However, not all industries absent from value chain clusters in the region are equally attractive for recruitment. Henceforth, the number of direct and indirect linkages to industries absent from the Eastern Cape Province serves as a measure of their relative attractiveness when considering their recruitment into the region. vi The benchmark value chain cluster framework alone does not explain which agglomeration externalities are generated and exploited within each cluster, but it served as the overarching framework for the remainder of the research. Accordingly, the value chain cluster framework was applied to evidence whether specialisation, competition or diversity (represented by MAR, Porter and Jacobs economies respectively) is the operative mechanism in generating cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. Since agglomeration externalities are not directly observable, construct-valid indicators for the various externalities, as well as appropriate mechanisms to empirically assess the statistical relevance of MAR-, Porter and Jacobs economies in stimulating cluster growth, were established. This thesis added to agglomeration literature by disaggregating the standard measure of diversity externalities into two unique diversity indicators, namely supply diversity (SDiv) and use diversity (UDiv). The SDiv- and UDiv coefficients measure the degree to which a value chain cluster’s supplying/user sectoral mix at provincial level differs from that of the cluster grouping at the national level. This distinction between supply-and use diversity developed in this study firstly provides a clearer insight into the relative regional presence of supplying- and using sectors to the various value chain clusters, and secondly, serves as a useful mechanism to regional policymakers in identifying industries that may be targeted for investment into a region. Therefore, by separating the diversity into its two components, a clear distinction can be drawn between the impact of supplying- and using sectors on value chain cluster growth in a particular region. From a narrow perspective, the empirical findings validate both the Marshall Arrow Romer- (small positive impact of regional cluster concentration) and the Jacobs theory (significant positive impact of cluster supply- and use diversity on cluster growth), while it invalidates Porter’s theory (no correlation between competition and cluster performance). The positive effect size recorded between the level of value chain cluster concentration and differential growth indicates that policy makers in the Eastern Cape Province will be well advised to direct growth interventions towards larger concentrated clusters, than towards smaller, incipient value chain clusters. Additionally, vii the effectiveness of targeted inward FDI to the Eastern Cape Province may be raised by evaluating the economic impact against current value chain cluster structure, as well as the effect on the supply- and use diversities of existing value chain clusters in the province. This thesis has also illustrated that value chain clusters that are concentrated in the region, show a positive effect size with the level of supply diversity in the region. Conversely, value chain clusters that reflect high levels of competitiveness record a positive effect size with use diversity. Policy interventions aimed at raising the performance of value chain clusters typified by smaller players in a competitive environment, should therefore consider raising the respective levels of use diversity in the region. This research awakens the proposition that a reliance on a serendipitous approach to generate dynamic externalities is not sufficient, and that certain factor conditions favour the transfer of tacit knowledge between cluster members. Accordingly, this research empirically explored whether statistically significant relationships can be detected between the common cluster elements, or factor conditions, that serve as conduits for the transfer of dynamic externalities and value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings indicate that linkages with knowledge generating institutions in the Eastern Cape Province do, albeit to a relatively small extent, have an impact on value chain cluster growth, and validates the assertion that cognitive enhancing institutions contribute to cluster growth. The importance of backward and forward linkages in nurturing regional growth is signified by the moderate effect size recorded by the level of vertical linkages and total value chain cluster growth. Similarly, a moderate effect size was recorded between the level of horizontal linkages and value chain cluster growth, which shows that cooperation amongst competing firms do stimulate cluster and regional growth in the Eastern Cape Province and affirms the proposition that inter-firm linkages on both vertical- and horizontal levels stimulate cluster growth. An expectation was that the institutional framework conditions would have a significant impact on value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. However, the empirical findings reflect that the institutional framework conditions have no statistical impact on value chain cluster growth. The study also found a moderate, positive effect size between value chain cluster size (number of employees) and growth, which shows viii that size matters in regional growth. In other words, in contrast to their European counterparts, the larger the number of employees per value chain cluster, the greater the impact on value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province.

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Li, Hua. "Industrial districts and clusters in China : an analysis of Liushi, Qinghe and Shanghai". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251291.

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Afonso, Rodrigo Alvim. "Proposição de um método de planejamento e gestão estratégica de clusters". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-06122012-154727/.

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Com acentuação dos efeitos da globalização e, por consequência, aumento da concorrência, em vários ramos da atividade, a aglomeração de empresas e a formação dos clusters têm se tornado um tema bastante estudado dentro do campo de estratégia e competitividade. Tanto é verdade, que durante os anos 1990, nos Estados Unidos, a formação de clusters para melhorar a competitividade das micro e pequenas empresas tornou-se uma prática comum. Embora a formação de clusters ocorra de forma espontânea, é importante que exista um direcionador para o desenvolvimento das empresas dele participantes e consequentemente da região em que ele está inserido, já que alguns autores consideram que o cluster deve ser um catalisador dos investimentos públicos para o desenvolvimento regional. Dentro desse contexto, esta dissertação avançou no entendimento das particularidades dos clusters que influenciam e devem ser consideradas no momento de seu planejamento e gestão estratégica, e, para atingir esse objetivo, utilizou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, explicativa e com aplicação de nove estudos de caso. Como resultado final, foi possível construir um método de planejamento e gestão estratégica para clusters, que foi avaliado por um especialista do setor e considerado aplicável à realidade deste tipo de agrupamento de empresas.
With the sharp rise of globalization and therefore increased competition in various sectors, the clustering of businesses and formation of clusters has become a well-studied topic within the field of strategy and competitiveness. During the 90s in the United States, the formation of clusters to improve the competitiveness of micro and small enterprises has become a common practice. While the formation of clusters occurs spontaneously, it is important to have a driver for the development of companies participating in the cluster, and consequently the region where they live, as some authors consider that the cluster should be a catalyst for investment government for regional development. Within this context, this study considered what are the characteristics that influence the cluster and should be considered when building the strategic planning and management of the cluster, and to achieve this goal uses a qualitative research, explanation and application of nine case studies. In the end, it was possible to design a method of strategic planning and management for clusters.

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Figueiredo, Jeovan de Carvalho. "Clusters industriais e performance regional: contribuições à teoria da vantagem competitiva sustentável". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4606.

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Este trabalho aborda o tema das aglomerações geográficas de organizações interconectadas, ou os assim chamados clusters empresariais. Sendo que a competitividade encontra seus fundamentos na ação das empresas, e estas podem não somente criar lucro econômico, mas também gerar benefícios para a sociedade local e o país, é necessário compreender melhor os efeitos decorrentes da aglomeração empresarial, para o conjunto de organizações que atuam conjuntamente na mesma região, e principalmente, para a sociedade local. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar quais são os efeitos dos clusters nos municípios onde se encontram estabelecidos. Para tanto, adotou-se uma estratégia de pesquisa de múltiplas etapas, envolvendo inicialmente uma pesquisa exploratória em um reconhecido cluster de tecnologia da informação e comunicação, cujos subsídios foram utilizados no refinamento de hipóteses testadas em uma pesquisa quantitativa, na qual foram analisadas 645 observações, correspondentes aos municípios do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados sugerem que os municípios que contam com clusters industriais são aqueles que apresentam desempenho superior, em termos de intensidade exportadora e agregação de valor. Estes municípios apresentam ainda níveis elevados de riqueza para os munícipes, e, nas cidades com clusters industriais, há também maior longevidade dos cidadãos. Mas não há qualquer evidência de que municípios com concentrações estão relacionados à maior escolaridade, um resultado contra-intuitivo, já que supostamente, a atividade industrial demanda gestores mais especializados, e mão-de-obra mais qualificada. Uma evidência interessante se refere aos problemas ambientais. O grupo de municípios com clusters apresentou mais problemas relacionados a alterações ambientais. Sendo qualquer teoria resultado de características histórico-culturais bastante específicas, seu poder explicativo pode diminuir à medida que novas demandas sociais adentram nos campos científicos. Como tal, uma necessária revisão do modelo de vantagem competitiva em clusters é sugerida neste trabalho, contemplando as questões da sustentabilidade, que se fazem presentes na economia e na sociedade contemporâneas.
This study provides evidence regarding the strategic dynamics of competitive clusters. It’s suggested that the competitiveness must be pursued not only by the increasing of economic profits, but it also must generate benefits for the local society and the country. This is necessary to understand better the whole effects of the clusters for the set of organizations who act jointly in the same region. This work aims to determine which are the effects of clusters in the region where they are established. A strategy of research of multiple stages was adopted, having involved initially an exploratory research, in a cluster of information and communication technology. The results had been used in the refinement of hypotheses for a quantitative research, in which 645 observations had been analyzed, correspondent to the cities of the state of São Paulo. The results suggest that the industrial clusters cities are those who present superior performance of exporting intensity and aggregation of value. These cities still present high levels of wealth for the townspeople, and the cities with industrial clusters, also have bigger longevity of the citizens. But any evidence of that cities with clusters are related to the biggest years of study was found. An interesting evidence is related to the environmental problems. The group of cities with clusters presented more related ambient alterations. Thus, a necessary revision of the model of competitive advantage in clusters is suggested in this work, contemplating the contemporary questions about environmental problems.

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Sobrinho, Ednaldo Moreno Góis. "A localização e o grau inovativo das aglomerações industriais relevantes do Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-23012015-172430/.

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A concentração espacial da indústria no Brasil é histórica e o tema de muitos debates, sendo mais uma das persistentes desigualdades brasileiras. O Sudeste e o Sul concentram a maior parte da produção industrial, um cenário que começou a se modificar somente a partir do fim da década de 60 e início da de 70, porém lentamente. Essas aglomerações industriais não são um evento único do Brasil, ocorrendo em vários outros países, levando os economistas a estudarem o porquê das firmas procurarem se localizar geograficamente próximas, mesmo hoje em dia com a evolução dos transportes e das telecomunicações. Assim, entre outras explicações, existem as chamadas economias de aglomeração, que trazem vantagens para as firmas aglomeradas, sendo então uma força centrípeta no processo de organização territorial. Entre essas forças, uma que vem se tornando cada vez mais importante é o transbordamento de conhecimento, que pode ser responsável pelo crescimento das aglomerações mais recentes e pela transformação de algumas antigas. A importância da inovação para o crescimento econômico vem aumentando, conforme os países vão crescendo e diante dos novos paradigmas tecnológicos, como as chamadas economias do conhecimento, que englobam os setores de alta tecnologia como computação, biotecnologia, meios de comunicação, entre outros. Assim, torna-se importante também verificar o grau inovativo das aglomerações, já que o crescimento do Brasil deve ser cada vez mais impulsionado pela inovação tecnológica, como um meio de desenvolvimento mais sustentado e eficaz. Uma forma de medir esse grau inovativo é através das habilidades, perícias, conhecimentos e outras características do mercado de trabalho das aglomerações, analisando se há uma capacidade inovativa incorporada nas características do mercado de trabalho, considerando ainda o nível tecnológico dos setores e as ocupações diretamente associadas à Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D). Atualmente, a intensidade da concentração no Brasil ainda é grande, e os resultados do presente trabalho revelaram a existência de 17 aglomerações industriais relevantes (AIR) em 2010, sendo que 11 encontraram-se no Sul e Sudeste e concentraram aproximadamente 59% da produção industrial. O resultado central de que ainda há uma enorme concentração territorial da indústria não se altera significativamente ao se considerar outras especificações além do modelo padrão, que foi utilizado para identificar as AIRs. Em compensação, há evidências de que o processo de desconcentração industrial continuou no período de 2000-2010, no entanto ainda sem conseguir alterar significativamente o quadro geral. Além disso, aparentemente a desconcentração intra-regional foi mais intensa que a inter-regional, porém ocorrendo mais no Sul e Sudeste. Os resultados do grau inovativo revelam que o Sul e Sudeste ainda são as regiões mais inovativas, seguidas pelo Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte. Eles também colaboram para a evidência de que o Sul e Sudeste estão conseguindo disseminar a sua infraestrutura e capacidade inovativa para novos polos dinâmicos. As AIRs de Curitiba, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Caxias do Sul e Belo Horizonte foram as mais inovativas em 2012. Identificaram-se 19 clusters de inovação nesse ano, sendo a maioria do Sul e Sudeste e nenhum do Norte. Em relação à evolução do grau inovativo, destacou-se a região do Rio de Janeiro e de Curitiba-Joinville, enquanto São Paulo permaneceu estável no período de 2003 a 2012. Fora do Sul e Sudeste, destacaram-se as regiões metropolitanas de Recife e Salvador, mesmo que essa última tenha perdido espaço no período analisado.
The spatial concentration of industry in Brazil is historic, and the subject of many debates, being one of the most persistent inequalities in Brazil. The Southeast and Southern regions concentrate most of the industrial production, a scenario that began to change only after the end of the 60s and early 70s, but slowly. These industrial clusters are not a single event in Brazil, occurring in several other countries, leading economists to study why firms seek to locate geographically close, even today with the development of transport and telecommunications. Thus, among other explanations, there are so-called agglomeration economies, which bring benefits to clustered firms, then being a centripetal force in the territorial organization process. Among these forces, one that is becoming increasingly important is the spillover of knowledge, which may be responsible for the growth of recent agglomerations and the transformation of some old ones. The importance of innovation to economic growth is increasing as countries evolve and face the new technological paradigms, such as the so-called knowledge economies, which include the high-tech sectors like computing, biotechnology, media, among others. Thus, it becomes important to also check out the innovative degree of the agglomerations, since Brazil\'s growth must be increasingly driven by technological innovation as a means to more sustainable and effective development. One way to measure this innovative degree is through the skills, expertise, knowledge and other characteristics of the agglomeration\'s labor market, analyzing whether there is a built-in innovative capacity in the labor market, also considering the technological level of the sectors and the occupations directly associated with Research and Development (R&D). Currently, the intensity of concentration in Brazil is still great, and the results of this study revealed the existence of 17 relevant industrial agglomerations (AIR) in 2010, of which 11 met in the South and Southeast regions and concentrated approximately 59% of industrial production. The central result that there is still a huge territorial industry concentration does not change significantly when considering other specifications beyond the standard model, which was used to identify the AIRs. In contrast, there is evidence that the process of industrial decentralization continued in the period 2000-2010, however still unable to significantly alter the overall picture. Also, apparently the intra-regional decentralization was more intense than the inter-regional, but occurring more in the South and Southeast regions. The results of the innovative degree reveal that South and Southeast regions are still the most innovative, followed by Northeast, Midwest and North regions. They also collaborate to evidence that the South and Southeast regions are managing to spread its infrastructure and innovative capacity for new dynamic centralities. The AIRs of Curitiba, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Caxias do Sul and Belo Horizonte were the most innovative in 2012. It was identified 19 clusters of innovation this year, most in the South and Southeast regions and none in the North region. Regarding the evolution of innovative degree, was distinguished the regions of Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba-Joinville, while São Paulo remained stable from 2003 to 2012. Out of the South and Southeast regions, the highlights were the metropolitan regions of Recife and Salvador, even though the latter has lost ground in the period analyzed.

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Costa, Eduardo Jose Monteiro da. "Politicas publicas e o desenvolvimento de arranjos produtivos locais em regiões perifericas". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285454.

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Orientador: Rinaldo Barcia Fonseca
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Nos últimos anos os Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) vêm se constituindo como um importante instrumento de política econômica. Em que pese isto, grande parte da ação pública que objetiva o apoio ao desenvolvimento destes aglomerados carece de uma agenda que dê direção e coerência para a intervenção, potencializando e otimizando a ação do Estado. Este trabalho, portanto, com foco nesta problemática, procura levantar os limites e as possibilidades de intervenção do setor público nas aglomerações produtivas industriais brasileiras, estabelecendo uma agenda de intervenção para o desenvolvimento de APLs consolidados. A conclusão do trabalho é que de forma dialética os arranjos produtivos estabelecem-se, por um lado, como um importante instrumento de desenvolvimento em regiões periféricas e, por outro, como o resultado de políticas adequadas, articuladas e pactuadas de desenvolvimento regional
Abstract: In the last few years the clusters are building an important political economical instrument. A big part of the public action has an aim of support for development of the clusters that need an agenda which gives a diretion and coerence to interfere, potencilizing the action of the State. This work searches the limitis os possibilits os intervation of public area for the productive industrial brasilian clusters, establishing an agenda to the development for those consolidating clusters. The conclusion of this work is dialectic as an important instrument of development for those perefiric regions, on the other hand, as a result of rigth politics and articulated regional development
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Doutor em Economia Aplicada

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Ramírez-Pasillas, Marcela. "Global spaces for local entrepreneurship : stretching clusters through networks and international trade fairs /". Växjö : Växjö University Press, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1771.

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Czabán, Vera. "Regional disparities in Hungary". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11438.

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In the past decades, exacerbating regional disparities in the European Union as well as the newly joined Eastern European states have led to a growing interest in examining the spatial embeddedness of development. Hungary, a small and very monocentric country, has experienced rapid growth in the region of its capital city and its surrounding, whereas formerly lagging regions continued to fall behind. This thesis examines growing regional disparities in Hungary in order to provide a more comprehensive overview of the phenomenon and synthesise a growing body of both Hungarian and international literature based on their relevance for Hungary. As regional disparities rarely form an explicit research subject, the first aim of this thesis was to establish a suitable method for a comprehensive national level analysis. Within a mixed methodological framework, three theoretical perspectives on regional development were selected to analyse and reveal structural disparities, which were set in contrast with GDP levels of regions. On the one hand, the method proved to be useful to establish a refined rank order of the regions based on their approximated level and speed of development. On the other hand, the three different perspectives revealed structural strength and weaknesses underlying general development level of regions. The results did confirm the multiple advantages of the most developed regions, as well as the complex disadvantage of the most backward regions. Based on this experience a further increase in disparity levels can be expected in Hungary. Regions between the two extremes showed more heterogeneous outcomes across the perspectives, revealing very different development path and structural problems behind the performance level of these regions. Taken together, these findings support the heightening need of decentralization in Hungary, in order to tackle growing regional disparities and establish policy responses at a regional level.

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Teixeira, Eduardo Künzel. "Aglomerações produtivas locais e desenvolvimento econômico regional". Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2635.

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This work was developed in order to deepen the knowledge of economic agglomerations, basing the study on three types of research. The first defines the bases and foundations involved in the cluster concept, highlighting the main features of these agglomerations. Second, there is an exhibition of works related with two forms usually found in economic literature: works with an quantitative nature and works with an qualitative nature. Finally, it´s applied on the microregions of Rio Grande do Sul the methodology of identifying clusters developed by Crocco (2003a) comparing it with other quantitative methods of identification. In conclusion, the methodology of identifying clusters shows to be appropriate to describe the local reality, and given the particularities of the Brazilian reality, future studies should be conducted mainly in the identification of emerging clusters, studies emphasizing social relations, and the creation of institutions and agents of support for clusters.
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no intuito de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre aglomerações econômicas, fundamentando o estudo em três formas de pesquisa. Primeiro delimita-se as bases e fundamentos envolvidos no conceito de cluster, evidenciando às características fundamentais destas aglomerações. Segundo, a exposição de trabalhos relacionados as duas formas usualmente encontradas na literatura econômica: trabalhos de cunho quantitativo e trabalhos de cunho qualitativo. Por fim, é aplicada sobre as microrregiões do Rio Grande do Sul a metodologia de identificação de clusters desenvolvida por Crocco (2003a), comparando-a com outros métodos quantitativos de identificação. Como conclusão, a metodologia de identificação de clusters se mostra adequada em descrever a realidade local, e dadas as particularidades da realidade brasileira, futuros estudos devem ser desenvolvidos principalmente na identificação dos clusters nascentes, nos estudos enfatizando as relações sociais, e na criação de instituições e agentes de apoio aos clusters.

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Gurellier, Ozlem. "Design Of A Performance Measurement Model For Industrial Clusters In Turkey". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612793/index.pdf.

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Despite the advantages and dominance of globalization in today&rsquo
s world economics
clusters, as a regional based development tool, still attract many researchers and policy makers from all over the world in order to obtain sustainable competitiveness. As a result of fast rising number of cluster development policies and initiatives, the importance of measuring the performance of clusters arises. The purpose of this thesis is to design a performance measurement model, which will be applied to industrial clusters in Turkey. A model framework is developed, based on expected outcomes of clusters which are classified as productivity, innovativeness, new business formations and social capital. Indicators are selected based on extensive literature survey under these four determinants, and a scorecard is developed. After the design phase, the performance of two cluster cases from Turkey is studied. In order to improve clustering approach, it is important to monitor, measure identify the progress of clusters. It is believed that this work will be utile for policy makers to identify whether the interventions, incentives and promotions are beneficial for the desired purposes and whether they are used effectively.

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21

Pohl, Alina. "Eco-Clusters as Driving Force for Greening Regional Economic Policy. Policy Paper no 27". European Commission, bmwfw, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4737/1/WWWforEurope_Policy_Paper_027.pdf.

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This research investigates eco-clusters as driver for greening regional economic policy and examines necessary incentive structures to foster eco-innovation as well as growth and employment in the eco-industry sector. Eco-clusters are seen in context with sustainability and environmental friendly behavior as means for a socio-ecological transition in the long run. The main hypothesis implies that eco-clusters have to be policy driven and established top-down and therefore differ from cluster structures in other industries. Possible reasons are uncertainty on a developing market as well as external effects of eco-innovations; the latter are seen as radical innovations. Based on theoretic findings for the establishment of clusters and general research findings for eco-clusters and eco-innovations, it is differentiated between a spontaneous cluster emergence from private initiatives through self-reinforcing forces of companies in a region (bottom-up), and the formation of a policy-driven network with primarily regional objectives to stimulate the competitive advantage of the regional industrial location (top-down). The hypothesis will be proofed by empirical results gained through personal interviews and complemented by findings in current research literature. Finally, implications for incentive structures to green economic policy are identified. It is shown that eco-clusters are different to other clusters and crucial for a long-term sustainable change and thus need political commitment and public incentives. For empirical observation, eco-clusters in Austria were selected. This research relates to the ongoing debate on green growth and develops policy incentives for establishment of eco-clusters and thus greening of economic policy.
Series: WWWforEurope

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Barros, Rodrigo de. "Proposta de uma ferramenta para análise da competitividade de destinos turísticos pela abordagem de redes de empresas". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1470.

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de uma Ferramenta para Mensuração da Competitividade em Produtos Turísticos pela abordagem de redes de empresas. Para esta finalidade fez-se uso de revisão bibliográfica geral sobre as características diversas do setor de Turismo, Clusters, redes de empresas, cooperação e competitividade. A partir desta revisão, desenvolveu-se a construção de um novo referencial o qual foi construído por meio de análise bibliométrica com a utilização de palavras-chave alinhadas e delimitadas à temática da pesquisa, visando um banco de dados que fornecesse os subsídios científicos necessários ao desenvolvimento da Ferramenta. Este novo banco de dados foi gerado a partir de artigos publicados somente entre os anos de 2002 e 2012 que constavam no Portal Periódico Capes com acesso via Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Estas publicações embasaram, portanto, a construção do modelo aqui apresentado, o qual é composto por onze dimensões, cinquenta e cinco fatores críticos, cento e cinquenta e cinco variáveis, seiscentas e cinco premissas e quinhentos e dezeito indicadores. Para cada indicador atribui-se uma escala de zero a um, sendo que a média calculada entre todos os indicadores resultaria no desempenho da competitividade referente a cada uma das onze dimensões. Desta forma, a média calculada das onze dimensões resulta no chamado Índice Macro de Competitividade para o Turismo. Estas características estruturais da ferramenta permitiram que a mesma se caracterizasse como abrangente e direcionada especificamente para Produtos Turísticos originados da regionalização e cooperação. Ou seja, a Ferramenta possui dimensões interdependentes para análise da competitividade macro do Destino em questão, ao mesmo tempo que as dimensões são dependentes para análises mais específicas, por exemplo. Por fim, destaca-se que embora o modelo apresentado seja estruturado a partir do cálculo da média dos indicadores e dimensões, entende-se que uma nova abordagem quantitativa para o modelo é possível, visando resultados ainda mais eficazes sobre a mensuração da competitividade.
This research aimed to develop a Model for Measuring Competitiveness in Tourism Products by approach of business networks. For this purpose it was used a literature review about characteristics of the tourism sector, clusters, business networks, cooperation and competitiveness. Thereafter, it was developed the construction of a new framework which was built through bibliometric analysis with the use of keywords aligned and delimited to the topic of research, aiming a database that provides the necessary scientific equipment to the model development. This new database was generated from only articles published between the years 2002 and 2012 which appeared in “Periódicos Capes” with access at Federal Technological University of Paraná. These publications are based for building the model presented here, which consists of eleven dimensions, fifty-nine critical factors, one hundred fifty-five variables, sixty hundred and five assumptions and five hundred eighteen indicators. For each indicator is assigned a scale from zero to one, and the averaged across all performance indicators in the result of competition for each of the eleven dimensions. Thus, the averaged results in eleven dimensions called Tourism Macro Competitiveness Index. These structural features of the tool allowed the same be characterized as comprehensive and targeted specifically for tourism products originated regionalization and cooperation. That is, the tool has interdependent dimensions for analysis of competitive macro destination in question, while the dimensions are dependent for more specific analysis, for example. Finally, it is noteworthy that although the model is structured by calculating the average of the indicators and dimensions, it is understood that a new quantitative approach to the model is possible, seeking even more effective results on the measurement of competitiveness.

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Miller, Chad Richard. "The Tholian Web: The Political/Institutional Context of Regional Cluster-Based Economic Development". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27984.

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This is an exploratory study that applies the dominant theories of the community power structure literature to the trend of regional cluster-based economic development policy in order to develop a conceptual framework of the political/institutional context of this "new" approach. In order to develop a framework that can be utilized by practitioners, field studies were conducted in Austin, Texas; Portland, Oregon; Greenville/Spartanburg, South Carolina; Lynchburg, Virginia; and Roanoke, Virginia. The findings are that the major community power structure theories (i.e., market model, economic forces, civic culture, regime theory, the growth machine, and civic entrepreneurs) all provide important insights for the adoption of cluster-based policies. Other important factors that need to be considered are the importance of public administrators, performance metrics, state context, institutional arrangements, elected officials, tax structure, and historical path dependency. The implication for public administration is that the role of public administrators is contingent on the nature of the network governance structure.
Ph. D.

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24

Asan, Gunalp Hamza. "A Model Testing". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606902/index.pdf.

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The aim of the thesis is to test the validity of the statement &ldquo
Tourism income of Alanya is under a serious threat of decline&rdquo
raised by Alanya Chamber of Commerce and Industry, considering clustering approach. During the thesis a model is proposed in order to achieve this goal. In order to better identify Turkey and Alanya, an initial analysis aiming to gather information in the light of several economic indicators is carried out. This analysis also includes qualitative &
quantitative information collection about several aspects of Alanya such as population, transportation, health, and communication. Tourism is mentioned especially. Following, a model is built on Alanya in order to test the validity of the problem raised by Alanya Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The steps of the model includes investigation of the symptoms, SWOT analysis handling Alanya in terms of tourism, determination of the current tourism network structure in Alanya and the comparison of this structure with the network structure proposed in 2003 by METU IE System Design Senior Students. Main outcomes are interesting
the symptoms show that, Average Expenditure per Tourist (AEPT) value does not improve much, although number of tourists visiting Alanya has increased over the years. Mathematical analysis shows that, overall density of the current network structure of Alanya is only 0.0465 over 1.00. Its implication is that, the network is under-developed. But when compared with the study performed in 2003, it is possible to see a trend to self-develop. From 2003 to 2005, closeness and betweenness values, which evaluate the proximity and centrality of the members within the cluster, have increased. Also the diameter of the network evaluating number and variety of the linkages within the cluster has increased from 6 to 9. All these tell that, Alanya Chamber of Commerce and Industry may have a point to raise such a statement
however the region&rsquo
s self-development by the side networks from 2003 to 2005 creates value for clustering approach.

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Braga, Ana Carolina. "Construção de modelo teórico de inovação tecnológica em clusters industriais para contribuir com o planejamento e desenvolvimento regional". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2272.

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Capes
Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um modelo teórico de Inovação Tecnológica para Clusters Industriais para contribuir com o planejamento e desenvolvimento regional. Para isso, buscaram-se fatores de inovação tecnológica e indicadores de planejamento e desenvolvimento regional através de dados de artigos científicos de estudos relevantes. Para o referencial teórico de modelos de inovação e clusters, utilizou-se uma metodologia adaptada para revisão bibliográfica, a qual se definiu como período de corte de 2003 a 2013. Essa revisão bibliográfica fundamentou a criação do novo modelo teórico de Inovação que após a construção do modelo proposto, foi possível mensurar o nível de contribuição em um Cluster de 22 empresas de Malhas da cidade de Imbituva, Paraná. Para mensuração do modelo, utilizou a fórmula do Ranking Médio, a qual se pôde numerar a pontuação de cada empresa inserida no Cluster Industrial, além de identificar através de níveis (crítico, alerta, aceitável e ideal) a sua pontuação para cada indicador, analisando os pontos fracos das empresas individualmente. Em termos de resultados, foi possível sugerir as principais atividades de Inovação Tecnológica que deve ser praticadas a fim de estimular a melhoria da pontuação de cada indicador e consequentemente aumentar a pontuação da contribuição do Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Regional. Podemos concluir que o caráter flexível do método a ser aplicado, fornece alternativas para gestores e promotores de políticas e ações interessados em planejar o desenvolvimento local através de clusters industriais. Além disso, a flexibilidade do sistema também permite alterar facilmente os pesos atribuídos a cada um dos cinco indicadores e ter uma interessante análise de sensibilidade do Ranking Médio (Rm).
This study aimed to develop a theoretical model of Technological Innovation for Industrial Clusters to contribute to the planning and regional development. For this, sought to technological innovation factors and indicators of planning and regional development through scientific articles relevant trial data. For the theoretical framework of innovation and clusters models, we used a methodology adapted to literature review, which is defined as 2003 cut to 2013. This literature review based the creation of the new theoretical model of Innovation that after construction the proposed model, it was possible to measure the level of contribution to a cluster of 22 Mesh city businesses Imbituva, Paraná. To measure model, used the formula the Middle Ranking, which is able to number the score of each company included in the Industrial Cluster, and identify through levels (critical, alert, acceptable and ideal) your score for each indicator, analyzing the weaknesses of individual companies. In terms of results, we can suggest the main activities of technological innovation that should be practiced in order to stimulate the improvement of the score for each indicator and consequently increase the score of the contribution of Planning and Regional Development. We can conclude that the flexible character of the method to be applied, provides alternatives to managers and policy developers and interested actions to plan local development through industrial clusters. Furthermore, the flexibility of the system also allows to easily change the weights assigned to each of the five indicators and have an interesting Medium sensitivity analysis ranking (RM).

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Silva, Miguel Filipe Franco. "As dinâmicas dos clusters como potenciadoras da competitividade empresarial regional : o caso do cluster hortícola do Ribatejo & Oeste : análise comparativa com Almeria (Espanha)". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11729.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
A economia atual enfrenta um novo paradigma. A competição pelo custo mínimo, baseada numa visão estática de aglomeração empresarial, dominante na primeira metade do século XX, deu lugar à dinâmica da inovação como fator determinante de competitividade empresarial e regional. Com a aceleração da globalização, a decisão da localização experimentou uma mudança na sua ênfase, transitando de um mecanismo de acesso facilitado a recursos e força de trabalho para uma estratégia de geração de conhecimento e desenvolvimento de competências como suporte à criação de vantagens competitivas globais e sustentáveis. O presente estudo explora a importância dos fatores avançados de competitividade na sustentabilidade económica e social do setor hortícola nacional e europeu através de uma abordagem assente no modelo competitivo dos clusters, desenvolvido por Michael Porter. Esta pesquisa analisa as regiões de Almería (Espanha) e Ribatejo e Oeste e o utiliza o caso de estudo como metodologia. A investigação leva-nos à conclusão que os quatro determinantes do diamante de Porter justificam o porquê de o cluster de Almería apresentar maiores índices competitivos, quando comparado com o do Ribatejo e Oeste.
The current economy is facing a new paradigm. The competition at minimum cost based on a static view of business agglomeration, dominant in the first half of the twentieth century, gave way to the dynamics of innovation as a determinant of business and regional competitiveness. With the acceleration of globalization, the decision on the location experienced a shift in its focus, moving from a mechanism for facilitating access to resources and workforce to a strategy for generating knowledge and developing skills to support global and sustainable competitive advantage. This study explores the importance of advanced factors of competitiveness in economic and social sustainability of National and European horticultural sector through an approach based on competitive model of clusters, developed by Michael Porter. This research analyses the regions of Almería (Spain) and Ribatejo and Oeste and uses a case study methodology. The investigation leads us to the conclusion that the four determinants of Porter's diamond justify why the cluster of Almería present higher indices of competitiveness when compared to the Ribatejo and Oeste.

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27

Esparza, Timothy R. A. "Crafting clusters: an analysis of the craft beer industry in northern Colorado". Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32643.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Katherine Nesse
The following report examines the craft beer industry as a major component of the beverage production cluster in Northern Colorado. By using the four locational determinants derived by Porter (1990) as a framework, this study evaluates the role of geography as a key component in an industry’s ability to foster a competitive advantage. Despite his focus on national competitiveness, Porter's diamond model has influenced strategic thinking on a regional scale (Stimson, Stough & Roberts, 2006). In turn, it can help us to understand the interactions that underlie localized cluster dynamics. The cluster conception in economic development literature assumes that each of Porter's components is equally spatially connected. Resources are focused towards building assets in a region defined by analyzing the cluster. However, factors of the craft beer industry in Northern Colorado did not completely adhere to the traditional parameters of regional cluster geography. Personal interviews with key actors involved in the craft beer industry, along with economic data revealed that local factors are not always the driving force behind the development of the craft beer industry. In addition, the data analysis indicates that determinants of cluster success may be significant at various geographic scales. Locational determinants may not operate within the same area as defined by cluster analysis. Thus, this report closes with a recommendation to consider the significance of proximity when looking to increase the competitiveness of a given industry cluster—for the relationship between locational determinants and geography varies between factors.

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N'Ghauran, Konan Alain Ives Delaure. "Three essays on innovation networks, cluster policies and regional knowledge production". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES050.

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Consécutivement au développement des politiques de soutien aux réseaux d’innovation, notamment des politiques de clusters, cette thèse entend tester empiriquement l’un des fondements théoriques de ces politiques selon lequel la structure des réseaux d’innovation aurait un impact sur la production d’innovation dans les territoires. Ce faisant, elle apporte des éléments de réponses à une question fondamentale en géographie de l’innovation et contribue à porter un nouveau regard sur les politiques de clusters en les évaluant au regard de leur rôle dans la structuration des réseaux d’innovation. Le premier essai (Chapitre 2) analyse ainsi dans quelle mesure l’innovation régionale est influencée par la structure des réseaux d’innovation. Bien que le développement des politiques de soutien aux réseaux d’innovation laisse sous-entendre l’existence d’une potentielle relation entre structure de réseaux d’innovation et production de connaissances dans les territoires, les preuves empiriques de cette relation sont encore rares. Partant du cas français, les résultats du Chapitre 2 mettent en évidence l’existence de cette relation, confirmant ainsi que la structure des réseaux d’innovation a un impact sur la production régionale de connaissances. Ce résultat renforce donc la pertinence des politiques de soutien aux réseaux d’innovation et souligne leur importance pour l’optimisation des réseaux d’innovation. Partant de ce constat, le second et le troisième essais de la thèse (Chapitres 3 et 4) proposent une évaluation des politiques de clusters. Ces chapitres se démarquent de la littérature évaluant les politiques de clusters en mettant l’accent sur les défaillances de réseaux
This dissertation presents three essays on innovation networks, cluster policies and regional knowledge production. Following the development of policies aiming at supporting innovation networks, especially cluster policies, this thesis intends to empirically test one of the theoretical foundations of these policies suggesting that the structure of innovation networks would have an impact on the knowledge production within regions. In doing so, it provides answers to a fundamental question from the geography of innovation literature and brings a new perspective to the analysis of cluster policies by evaluating them regarding their role for the structuration of innovation networks. The first essay (Chapter 2) thus analyses the extent to which regional innovation is influenced by the structure of innovation networks. Although the development of policies supporting innovation networks suggests the existence of a potential relationship between the structure of innovation networks and knowledge production within regions, empirical evidence supporting this relationship is still scarce. Based from the French case, the results of Chapter 2 highlight the existence of this relationship, confirming that the structure of innovation networks has an impact on regional knowledge production. This result therefore reinforces the relevance of policies supporting innovation networks and underlines their importance for the optimisation of innovation networks. Building on this result, the second and third essays of the thesis (Chapters 3 and 4) propose an evaluation of cluster policies. These chapters stand out from the literature evaluating cluster policies by focusing on network failures

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Debiasi, Fernanda. "Modelo de identificação de mapeamento de clusters para elaboração de proposta de desenvolvimento reagional". Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82187.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção
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Este trabalho desenvolveu um método de análise para identificação e mapeamento de clusters para ser aplicado nas regiões brasileiras, levando em consideração os dados disponíveis. O método de análise formulado é composto de cinco fases, sendo que duas delas são divididas em etapas: definição dos objetivos, identificação dos clusters da região (aplicação dos location quotients, definição dos possíveis clusters, validação com especialistas), mapeamento dos clusters (análise de dados secundário, focus group, entrevistas com representantes do cluster, mapa comentado do cluster), elaboração de propostas e aplicação das propostas.

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Zohar, Guy G. "AD-HOC REGIONAL COVERAGE CONSTELLATIONS OF CUBESATS USING SECONDARY LAUNCHES". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/927.

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As development of CubeSat based architectures increase, methods of deploying constellations of CubeSats are required to increase functionality of future systems. Given their low cost and quickly increasing launch opportunities, large numbers of CubeSats can easily be developed and deployed in orbit. However, as secondary payloads, CubeSats are severely limited in their options for deployment into appropriate constellation geometries. This thesis examines the current methods for deploying cubes and proposes new and efficient geometries using secondary launch opportunities. Due to the current deployment hardware architecture, only the use of different launch opportunities, deployment direction, and deployment timing for individual cubes in a single launch are explored. The deployed constellations are examined for equal separation of Cubes in a single plane and effectiveness of ground coverage of two regions. The regions examined are a large near-equatorial zone and a medium sized high latitude, high population density zone. Results indicate that simple deployment strategies can be utilized to provide significant CubeSat dispersion to create efficient constellation geometries. The same deployment strategies can be used to develop a multitude of differently dispersed constellations. Different launch opportunities can be utilized to tailor a constellation for a specific region or mission objective. Constellations can also be augmented using multiple launch opportunities to optimize a constellation towards a specific mission or region. The tools developed to obtain these results can also be used to perform specific analysis on any region in order to optimize future constellations for other applications.

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Luque, N. E. "Cluster dynamics in the Basque region of Spain". Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/4f4161ca-11db-4d70-9954-aea64f4fbaa4/1.

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Developing and retaining competitive advantage was a major concern for all companies; it fundamentally relied on being aware of the external environment and customer satisfaction. Modifications of the environment conditions and unexpected economic events could cause of a loss of the level of organisational adjustment and subsequent loss in competitiveness, only those organisations able to rapidly adjust to these dynamics would be able to remain. In some instances, companies decided to geographically co-locate seeking economies of scale and benefiting from complementarities. Literature review revealed the strong support that clusters had from Government and Local Authorities, but it also highlighted the limited practical research in the field. The aim of this research was to measure the dynamism of the cluster formed by the geographical concentration of diverse manufacturers within the Mondragon Cooperativa Group in the Basque region of Spain, and compared it to the individual dynamism of these organisations in order to have a better understanding the actual complementarities and synergies of this industrial colocation. Literature review identified dynamic capabilities as the core enablers of organisation when competing in dynamic environments; based on these capabilities, a model was formulated. This model combined with the primary data collected via questionnaire and interviews helped measure the dynamism of the individual cluster members and the cluster as whole as well as provided an insight on the complementarities and synergies of this type of alliance. The findings of the research concluded that the cluster as a whole was more dynamic than the individual members; nevertheless, the model suggested that there were considerable differences in speed among the cluster members. These differences on speed were determined by the size of the company and their performance in dimensions such as marketing, culture and management. The research also suggested that despite of the clear differences in the level of dynamism among cluster members, all companies benefited in some way from being part of the cluster; these benefits were different in nature depending on each specific members.

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Pereira, Elizabeth da Costa. "Clusters industriais e sistemas de inovação: o caso da Marinha Grande". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8079.

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Mestrado em Economia
O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a importância dos clusters para a economia portuguesa como sistema que incentiva as relações de complementaridade e interdependência entre os agentes económicos e as instituições que o constituem, promovendo um forte ambiente competitivo. Com base nos vários estudos desenvolvidos na literatura económica em redor do conceito de clusters, este trabalho analisa o caso específico da Marinha Grande, evidenciando os sectores do vidro, moldes e plástico. Para a realização do estudo recorre-se a uma análise qualitativa sustentada em revisão bibliográfica, que possibilita o desenvolvimento de um referencial teórico para o estudo da importância crescente do conceito de cluster, que assume a região como centro de desenvolvimento, inovação e diversificação, e da influência dos sistemas de inovação como factor impulsionador do seu crescimento. Com base no estudo de indicadores que constituem medidas de concentração geográfica pretende-se analisar se existe na Marinha Grande um potencial cluster regional e através de uma análise shift-share investigar as dinâmicas sectoriais e as especificidades regionais no desenvolvimento económico regional. Os resultados obtidos através dos referidos indicadores apresentam a evidência de um potencial cluster regional na Marinha Grande. No que concerne aos resultados da análise shift-share verifica-se a existência de uma componente sectorial positiva para todos os sectores na Marinha Grande e de uma componente regional positiva apenas para o sector de plásticos, para os anos de 2002 a 2009. Agregando os sectores do vidro, moldes e plástico realiza-se uma nova análise shift-share, de forma a analisar o comportamento da componente regional para os períodos de 2002 a 2008 e de 2002 a 2009. Para o primeiro período, a componente regional apresenta valores positivos, contrastando com o segundo período em que a mesma componente exibe um comportamento negativo. Assim, conclui-se que, a Marinha Grande no período de 2002 a 2008 é uma região especializada em sectores dinâmicos, apresentando vantagens competitivas em relação ao comportamento médio observado a nível nacional.
The present study aims to analyse the importance of clusters for the Portuguese economy as a system that promotes the relations of complementarity and interdependence among economic actors and institutions that constitutes it, promoting a strong competitive environment. Based on several studies in economic literature around the concept of clusters, this work examines the specific case of Marinha Grande, standing out the sectors of glass, molds and plastic. The study relied on qualitative analysis supported on literature review, which enables the development of a theoretical framework for the study of the increasing relevance of cluster concept, which assumes the region as centre of development, innovation and diversity and the influence of innovation systems as a key driver of growth of clusters. Based on indicators that constitute geographical concentration measures is intended to analyse if there is, in Marinha Grande, a potential regional cluster and through a shift-share analysis investigate the sectorial dynamics and the regional specifies in the economic regional development. The obtained results through the above mentioned indicators show the evidence of a potential regional cluster in Marinha Grande. In what concerns to shift-share results analysis there is a positive sectorial component for all Marinha Grande sectors and positive regional component only for plastic sector, for 2002 to 2009 period. Aggregating sectors of glass, molds and plastic a new shift-share analysis is carried out in order to analyse the behaviour of the regional component for the periods 2002 to 2008 and 2002 to 2009. For the first period, the regional component presents positive values, however in the second period the same component shows a negative behaviour. Thus, the general conclusion is that Marinha Grande is, between 2002 and 2008, a specialized region on dynamic sectors, presenting competitive advantages relative to the average behaviour observed at a national level.

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Cetin, Dilek. "Exports And Clusters: A Spatial Econometric Analysis On Ankara And Istanbul Oizs". Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615035/index.pdf.

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Organized Industrial Zones (OIZs) are used as a main and important industry policy tool in Turkey. In 2012, the number of OIZs is 263 with 148 active and 115 planned ones. Network between the firms reveal the knowledge spillovers which is inevitable for economic growth of a country for neo-classical economists. In this thesis, existence of intra-OIZ and intra-industry knowledge spillovers in Ankara and Istanbul is tested by the help of an export decision function. As it considers the spatial dependence between the regional units the spatial econometric method is preferred for the analysis. The data set is taken from the &ldquo
Field Research Survey&rdquo
of Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization (SMEDO). It consists of 62,137 firm level observations from 24 manufacturing industries in 81 provinces between 2004 and 2007. After the cleaning process of the data, 1545 and 1172 observations are left for Ankara and Istanbul, respectively. The results show that the size of the firm (which is proxied by logarithm of total labor), technology (which is proxied by computer usage), organizational proximity and foreign language knowledge of the administrator are the common determinants of export decision for Ankara and Istanbul for both intra-IOZ and intra-industry relations when spatial dependence is not ignored. Besides these variables, in Ankara percentage of high skilled labor is significant while in Istanbul cluster proximity is significant. Moreover, for Ankara while for intra-OIZ relations the spatial effect is one third of the total effect, it is one fourth of the total effect for intra-industry relation. For Istanbul one fourth of the total effect is from spatial effects for both intra-OIZ and intra-industry relations.

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Wältermann, Michael [Verfasser], i Olaf N. [Akademischer Betreuer] Rank. "Levels, structures, and drivers of collaborative relations within and across regional clusters: A multi-level social network analysis". Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1226090982/34.

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Salvador, Artur Domingos Pires. "Competitividade e inovação das cidades : o caso de Aveiro". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1633.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Inovação e do Conhecimento
A competitividade, um conceito premente na economia global, recorre hoje com grande frequência à inovação, para atrair e fidelizar publico a um processo de negócio. Ser competitivo e promover o desenvolvimento económico equilibrado de um ou mais territórios, depende de factores decisivos do quotidiano, como os recursos em I&D, em formação e empregabilidade, bem como factores que potenciam e dinamizam as relações inter-regionais, apostadas na diversificação da oferta, tanto de serviços de qualidade, como de novos produtos; que no conjunto elevam a qualidade de vida nas cidades. As mesmas cidades que podem competir entre si, complementando-se e alargando conceitos, como a atracção de investimento, até à fixação de pessoas, passando, pela mobilidade sazonal de pessoas e bens, e de trocas culturais, sociais e desportivas. Com recurso a indicadores regionais, disponibilizados por entidades acreditadas no nosso sistema político, e económico, faremos uso das melhores praticas nacionais e europeias, e vamos comparar de forma sistémica valores que colocam o Baixo Vouga num patamar de destaque face ao panorama nacional, que em muito se traduz no desenvolvimento de cluster's importantes, como a metalurgia, as telecomunicações, o Vinho e a Cerâmica. Nesta perspectiva, pretende-se demonstrar a importante contribuição que pode a competitividade ter nas redes intermunicipais, para a construção de uma nova dimensão económica na Região do Baixo Vouga, e Aveiro consequentemente. ABSTRACT: Competitiveness, as an important concept in global economy today, uses frequently innovation, to attract and retain public, in a business process. To be competitive and to promote balanced economical development in one or more territories, depends on the exploration of everyday key issues, such as resources in I&D, training and employability, as well as issues that increase and encourage inter-regional relations, focusing on diversification of supply, as in quality services or new products, which on the whole amount, rises the quality of life in cities. The same cities, can compete among each other, complementing and expanding concepts, such as investment attraction, people setting, seasonal mobility of goods and people, and cultural, social and sports interchanges. With a resource to regional indicators, given by accredited entities of our economical and political system, we will make use of our best National and European practices, by comparing in a systemic way values, that place the Baixo Vouga in a national level of development, facing the national important major clusters, such as metallurgy, telecommunications, wine and ceramics. Therefore, we intend to demonstrate the important contribution that competitiveness can have in intermunicipal networks, for the construction of a new economical dimension on the Baixo Vouga Region, and consequently, in Aveiro.

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Teixeira, Eduardo K?nzel. "Aglomera??es produtivas locais e desenvolvimento econ?mico regional". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3893.

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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no intuito de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre aglomera??es econ?micas, fundamentando o estudo em tr?s formas de pesquisa. Primeiro delimita-se as bases e fundamentos envolvidos no conceito de cluster, evidenciando ?s caracter?sticas fundamentais destas aglomera??es. Segundo, a exposi??o de trabalhos relacionados as duas formas usualmente encontradas na literatura econ?mica: trabalhos de cunho quantitativo e trabalhos de cunho qualitativo. Por fim, ? aplicada sobre as microrregi?es do Rio Grande do Sul a metodologia de identifica??o de clusters desenvolvida por Crocco (2003a), comparando-a com outros m?todos quantitativos de identifica??o. Como conclus?o, a metodologia de identifica??o de clusters se mostra adequada em descrever a realidade local, e dadas as particularidades da realidade brasileira, futuros estudos devem ser desenvolvidos principalmente na identifica??o dos clusters nascentes, nos estudos enfatizando as rela??es sociais, e na cria??o de institui??es e agentes de apoio aos clusters.

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Trindade, Dorival Paula. "Vantagem competitiva no turismo regional : uma análise do trismo na região metropolitana da Baixada Santista". Universidade Católica de Santos, 2012. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/507.

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O objeto desse estudo está voltado para a análise dos aspectos que geram vantagem competitiva no setor de turismo regional. O estudo apóia-se na teoria do Diamante de Porter e sua ligação com modelos de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs), Clusters e Ambientes de Inovação. Para a análise, usou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o diamante, confrontando-a com o estado atual do turismo da Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista. Nesta análise, busca-se revelar o grau da vantagem competitiva dessa região enquanto destino turístico perante a concorrência de outras localidades, bem como o grau de maturidade das competências dos envolvidos (empresas, instituições de fomento e poder público). Por meio de um estudo de caso se revela o modelo atual de articulação do trade turístico e a importância do papel do governo no desempenho desse setor na região. Finaliza-se com uma proposta de melhoria por meio de modelo sistêmico de gestão gerador de vantagem competitiva frente a outros destinos turísticos baseado na formação de um cluster.

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Silva, Danilo Tavares da. "Política industrial e desenvolvimento regional: o fomento estatal dos arranjos produtivos locais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-06072011-094959/.

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A presente dissertação visa descrever as políticas públicas de fomento estatal aos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) sob uma perspectiva jurídica, isto é, expondo e analisando os institutos jurídicos que são utilizados pelo poder público na tarefa de incentivar o desenvolvimento produtivo regional. Para tanto, este trabalho discute, inicialmente, alguns conceitos elementares às teorias de política industrial, bem como os fundamentos normativos das políticas de desenvolvimento regional, somente a fim de evidenciar que o debate teórico em torno do tema dos APLs e as medidas governamentais que dele advém representam a continuidade de uma questão consagrada. Em seguida, passa-se a uma exposição de alguns aspectos jurídicos da atividade estatal de fomento (ou, na dicção constitucional, de incentivo), o que se fará tanto pela discussão de alguns temas decorrentes diretamente da Constituição da República quanto pela breve apresentação de alguns institutos jurídicos que instrumentalizam políticas de apoio ao desenvolvimento produtivo. A partir daí, o tema dos APLs é tratado de modo mais específico: destacando-se as peculiaridades da ação pública em face da multiplicidade de agentes envolvidos na execução da política de fomento e na sua fruição; e exemplificando alguns casos em que se pôs em prática a articulação de instituições e instrumentos de incentivo.
The present thesis intends to describe the public promotion policies of Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs local production systems or clusters) under a juridical perspective. The legal instruments utilized by the government when trying to stimulate the regional productive development will be exposed and analyzed. In order to demonstrate that the discussion concerning APLs and the government actions connected to them which are the continuity of a classical issue, this thesis discusses, initially, some elementary concepts related to industrial policy theories and the legal basis of the regional development policies. Secondly this paper shows some legal aspects of the public promotion activity, what will be done from the discussion of some subjects in the Brazilian Constitution and from a short presentation of some juridical institutes used to implement productive development policies. Finally, the APLs subject will be analyzed in a more specific way trough distinguishing the peculiarity of public actions in the face of the multiple agents involved in the policy-making and implementing processes of public promotion policies and its fruition, and exemplifying some cases of practical articulation of promotion institutions and instruments.

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Scheuplein, Christoph. "Wilson, John F.; Popp, Andrew (eds.), Industrial clusters and regional business networks in England, 1750-1970. / [rezensiert von] Christoph Scheuplein". Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3133/.

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Rezensiertes Werk: Industrial clusters and regional business networks in England, 1750 - 1970 / ed. by John F. Wilson ... - Aldershot [u.a.] : Ashgate, 2003. - X, 288 S. : graph. Darst. - (Modern economic and social history series) ISBN 0-7546-0761-5

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40

Ganzert, Christian Carvalho. "Desenvolvimento sistêmico de pólos regionais de tecnologia da informação: análise comparativa entre modelos de clusters nacionais e internacionais sob a perspectiva da Teoria dos Sistemas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-06052010-152318/.

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Tendo como justificativa a relevância econômica dos arranjos produtivos regionais no capitalismo informacional, a pesquisa se propôs a analisar os modelos de desenvolvimento de quatro pólos regionais de tecnologia da informação, dois internacionais e dois nacionais, sob a perspectiva do conceito de desenvolvimento sistêmico. Os pólos abordados foram do Vale do Silício (Califórnia), Bangalore (Índia), Campinas e São Carlos (Brasil). Foi utilizada a metodologia de análise qualitativa cross-case de múltiplos casos. Os resultados foram comparados com o modelo ideal de desenvolvimento sistêmico. Como conclusão, foi possível verificar que os clusters nacionais funcionam sob poucos valores voltados para o empreendedorismo, o que culminou no estabelecimento de modelos mononucleados de relações entre agentes, diferente dos modelos multinucleados observados nos clusters internacionais, mais próximos das premissas do desenvolvimento sistêmico.
This research is justified by the economic relevance of the regional productive arrangements for the informational capital, and analyses the developments model of four regional information technology poles, Silicon Valley (California), Bangalore (India), São Carlos and Campinas (Brazil). The research was developed using the qualitative multiple cross-case analysis methodology and the results were compared with the ideal model of systemic development. The conclusion signalizes the low incidence of entrepreneurship elements in the Brazilian organizational culture, which corroborates to the formation of mono-nucleated models of relations among the national clusters agents, contrasting to the international clusters, which have multi-nucleated models of relations among their agents, closer to the systemic development premises.

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MICELI, VALERIA. "Politiche per l'innovazione: i distretti tecnologici italiani e i loro contesti innovativi regionali". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/223.

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Questo lavoro ha lo scopo di valutare i distretti tecnologici italiani. A tal fine sono stati sinteticamente presentati nel primo capitolo alcuni concetti chiave della letteratura economica rilevanti ai fini di questo lavoro. Nel secondo capitolo è stata condotta un'analisi di tipo descrittivo relativamente a tutti i distretti tecnologici approvati dal MIUR alla data del novembre 2007. Nel terzo capitolo si passa ad un'analisi di tipo quantitativo che sulla base di dati provenienti da varie fonti misura: il livello di specializzazione delle varie regioni italiane relativamente all'area tecnologica prescelta per l'implementazione del distretto tecnologico; il livello di performance delle varie regioni relativamente ad una serie di indicatori di attività scientifico-tecnologiche; il livello dell'ambiente economico in termini di tasso di imprenditorialità e di disponibilità di finanziamenti di tipo venture capital. Nel quarto capitolo si procede alla creazione di quattro indicatori sintetici: uno di specializzazione tecnologica; uno di performance scientifico-tecnologica; uno economico-ambientale; l'ultimo riassuntivo dei precedenti. Nel capitolo quarto i dati degli indicatori ottenuti dall'analisi quantitativa vengono combinati con le informazioni riportate nel capitolo secondo utilizzando un'analisi di tipo dicotomico. La visione d'insieme che ne deriva diventa la base per alcune considerazioni di policy sull'implementazione di questo strumento di politica innovativa.
This work analyses a specific policy instrument namely the establishment of technological districts (TD) in Italy. After a selective literature review of the main theoretical concepts used in the research (chapter 1), the work provides a general overview of the Italian TDs approved by MIUR at November 2007 (chapter 2). In the third chapter the work provides a statistical analysis of the regional innovation contexts using a wide set of indicators measuring: levels of regional specialization in the sectors chosen for TDs implementation; science and technology performances; features of the economic environment (entrepreneurship and venture capital funds). In the fourth chapter it is presented a system of four synthetic indices providing information on: 1) regional specializations; 2) scientific-technological performances; 3) economic environment. The fourth synthetic index, being the combination of the previous three, reflects simultaneously all the three dimensions. The analysis of statistical data is complemented, in chapter 4, by an evaluation of the institutional features of the TDs based on the information gathered in chapter 2. This has allowed to bring together the outcomes of chapter 2 and of chapter 3 in order to formulate some policy conclusions.

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Tilleman, Suzanne Gladys 1971. "Aligning institutional logics to enhance regional cluster emergence: Evidence from the wind and solar energy industries". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10595.

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xvii, 191 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
For over a century, researchers from diverse intellectual disciplines have tried to explain the emergence of regional business clusters. I contribute to research on cluster emergence by applying an institutional logics framework to model how cluster emergence is influenced by such factors as supportive institutional logics, knowledge spillover, labor pooling, and technological uncertainty. This study is guided by the research question: How do institutions, specifically, varying levels of a congruous institutional logic, affect regional cluster emergence? Using the passage of the 1978 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) as a catalyst for business cluster emergence in the renewable energy sector, this study examines the emergence of wind and solar energy manufacturing clusters. I test hypotheses about the positive influences of a congruous institutional logic across U.S. metropolitan statistical areas to see if the relative prevalence of a congruous institutional logic results in more firms and greater levels of clustering. For example, a pro-environmental sentiment among human populations aligns, or in other words, is congruous, with renewable energy manufacturing. I use fixed effects estimation to test several hypotheses regarding positive direct and moderating effects of institutional alignment on cluster emergence. I find that congruous institutional logics have a positive direct influence on clustering, and as technological uncertainty increases, this positive direct influence is enhanced. I find only partial support for the moderating influence of congruous institutional logics on the positive direct effect of positive externalities on clustering. This study contributes to practice and theory by building a model and supporting hypotheses on the influence of institutional fit on regional cluster emergence.
Committee in charge: Michael Russo, Chairperson, Management; Jennifer Howard-Grenville, Member, Management; Alan Meyer, Member, Management; Glen Waddell, Outside Member, Economics

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Marini, Marcos Junior. "Arranjos produtivos locais e desenvolvimento sustentável regional: uma proposição metodológica de análise aplicada no APL de confecção do sudoeste do Paraná". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/891.

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A sociedade mundial está vivenciando transformações desencadeadas principalmente a partir de meados do século XX, incluindo as esferas econômica, social, ambiental, cultural, espacial, política e institucional. Na literatura são apontados fatores como a globalização, os avanços tecnológicos e a reestruturação dos sistemas produtivos, como principais responsáveis por essas mudanças. Neste contexto, observa-se uma orientação do processo de desenvolvimento a partir das questões territoriais, como ocorre na articulação dos agentes locais para a formação dos clusters ou arranjos produtivos locais. Logo, APLs encontram-se no centro do debate contemporâneo sobre planejamento regional e políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional. Diante do exposto, o objetivo geral desta tese é construir uma proposição metodológica para analisar a contribuição do arranjo produtivo local para o processo de desenvolvimento sustentável regional. Assim, inicialmente é apresentada uma proposta de configuração de matriz para este cenário, incluindo os principais componentes do APL e suas relações com as dimensões territoriais. Na sequencia, é construída a proposição metodológica de análise, com a sua aplicação em quatro etapas: seleção do APL, mensuração da eficiência coletiva (IEC), mensuração do impacto territorial (IIT), e a integração destes resultados em um painel denominado APL-DSR. Com relação aos aspectos metodológicos, a pesquisa está classificada como explicativa, com a aplicação do método de estudo de caso. A coleta de dados baseou-se em fontes primárias e secundárias, incluindo pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo. O estudo de caso foi realizado no APL de Confecção do Sudoeste do Paraná, com a pesquisa de campo envolvendo os agentes locais deste arranjo produtivo, a partir de entrevistas estruturadas. Os resultados da coleta de dados foram analisados e interpretados em uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, seguindo três encaminhamentos: análise qualitativa das respostas da pesquisa de campo, análise baseada na proposta metodológica APL-DSR, análise temporal baseada em simulações. Como principais resultados ressalta-se que o APL de Confecção do Sudoeste do Paraná alcançou uma boa avaliação na mensuração da eficiência coletiva, atingindo dois terços da escala IEC. Porém, apesar de positivo, o impacto territorial na região analisada foi discreto, atingindo um terço da faixa positiva normalizada da escala IIT. Para finalizar, evidencia-se a contribuição desta tese, a partir da construção da proposta metodológica de análise para avaliar a relação do APL no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável regional, o que poderá auxiliar tanto na tomada de decisão para as políticas públicas, bem como no processo de autoavaliação do APL.
The world society is experiencing transformations triggered mainly from mid-twentieth century, including the economic, social, environmental, cultural, spatial, political and institutional. The literature pointed to factors such as globalization, technological advances and the restructuring of production systems as the main responsible for these changes. In this context, there is an orientation of the development process from territorial issues, as occurs in the articulation of local agents for the formation of clusters. Thus, clusters are at the center of contemporary debate on regional planning and regional development policies. Given the above, the general objective of this thesis is to build a methodological proposition to analyze the contribution of clusters to the process of regional sustainable development. Thus, is initially presented a framework configuration for this scenario, including the main components of cluster and its relations with the territorial dimensions. In sequence, is built a methodology of analysis with its application in four steps: selection of cluster, measurement of collective efficiency (IEC), measurement of regional impact (IIT), and the integration of these results on a panel called APL-DSR. Considering the methodological aspects, the research is classified as explanatory, with the method of case study. The data collection procedure was based on primary and secondary sources, including literature, documentary and field research. The case study was conducted at Clothing Cluster in Southwest of Paraná, with field research involving local actors of this productive arrangement, from the application of structured interviews. The results of the data collection were analyzed and interpreted in a quantitative and qualitative approach, following three referrals: a qualitative analysis of the responses of field research, analysis based on methodological proposal APL-DSR, temporal analysis based on simulations. The main results emphasizes that the Clothing Cluster in Southwest of Paraná achieved a good rating in the measurement of collective efficiency, reaching two thirds of the scale IEC. However, although positive, the territorial impact in the region analyzed was low, reaching a third of the positive range of the scale normalized IIT. Finally, highlights the contribution of this thesis, from the construction of the proposed methodology of analysis to assess the relation of cluster in the context of sustainable regional development, which could help both in decision making for public policy, as well as in the process of self-evaluation of cluster.
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Wong, Alexandra Wai Wah. "Cluster building by policy design : a sociotechnical constituency study of information communication technology (ICT) industries in Scotland and Hong Kong". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4091.

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This thesis investigates whether and how public policies can help build industrial clusters. The research applies a case study method based on 60 interviews to the emerging information communication technology (ICT) clusters in Scotland and Hong Kong. The analysis uses Molina’s sociotechnical constituency (STC) framework and its associated ‘diamond of alignment’, which help focus on two interrelated dimensions: 1) the complex technical and social aspects of the design, implementation and evolution of the Scottish and Hong Kong ICT clusters and 2) the difficulties of developing a cluster in the context of major diversity of organisational interests and patterns of interaction. This research revealed that the cluster building effort in the two regions has been fraught with difficulties due to misalignment between the perceptions and pursuits of policy makers and the interests of industry members. This thesis concludes that cluster building is an evolutionary process of sociotechnical alignment which can be facilitated by feedback and learning. It also suggests that for successful cluster building to take place, policy makers should focus on stimulating the processes of cluster formation, including the building up of the technological capabilities of the industrial actors, while facilitating the integration of the major actors’ interests and demands with the policy programmes. Cluster building involves the development of new ways of thinking as well as the practice of networking; it necessitates the coherent effort of collective learning and a long-term commitment to change the existing technological system. A long-term adaptive policy programme should be pursued to focus on effectively aligning the interests and pursuits of the different actors in the cluster at various stages.

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Grillitsch, Markus, Josephine Rekers i Franz Tödtling. "When drivers of clusters shift scale from local towards global: What remains for regional innovation policy? PEGIS, Papers in Economic Geography and Innovation Studies". University of Vienna, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Agder, Kiel University, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6785/1/geo%2Ddisc%2D2019_03.pdf.

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Industries and regional economies evolve as a result of the interplay between local and non-local factors. Increasing globalization of both production- and innovation activities implies a shift in the relevant scales of interaction from the local towards the global level. This paper is concerned with the implications of such scale shifts for the role of the region and for cluster-related regional policies. It examines what is left of the role of regional settings in fostering economic development when extra-regional drivers of change increase in importance. We investigate this crucial question with two in-depth case studies of the medical technologies sector, in which such scale shifts have been particularly pronounced. Our findings from empirical material collected in Scania/Sweden and Vienna/Austria illustrate the ways in which changes in national and supra-national regulatory frameworks have had a profound impact on the innovation activities of individual firms and the way to develop and launch new products, and subsequently on the regions in which they cluster. Such scale-shifts have on the one hand limited the potential for regional policy to shape the cluster's path through support for supply-side factors. Yet some critical assets remain local but are increasingly difficult to access. By addressing such barriers to access, regional policy can still strongly affect the opportunities for innovation. Furthermore, in an increasingly open industry system, we see an expanded role for regional policy in supporting firms to access critical assets and sources of innovation found external to the region.

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Anz, Michael. "Entstehung von Clustern unter Berücksichtigung der Effekte regionalisierter Innovationspolitik". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-33395.

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Während man sich bislang auf die Gründe für die Entwicklung existierender Cluster konzentrierte, steigt das Interesse an den Prozessen, welche deren Entstehung bewirken. Diese unterscheiden sich jedoch von jenen zusammenhängen, welche ein reifes und dynamisches Cluster kennzeichnen (Bresnahan, Gambardella 2004, S. 842; Henn 2006b). Einige Beispiele haben gezeigt, dass Politik durchaus eine Rolle in der Entwicklung von Clustern spielen kann (z. B. Feldmann et al. 2005, S. 131; Dohse 2000b). Es herrscht jedoch Konsens, dass eine direkte Steuerung und Initiierung von Clustern „wishful thinking“ bleiben muss (Enright 2003, S. 104; Rosenfeld et al. 2006). Indes zeigen sich unternehmerische Akteure im Umfeld von Forschungseinrichtungen bevorteilt, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in neuen Technologiefeldern zu verwerten. In jüngerer Zeit werden deshalb regionalisierte Innovationspolitiken implementiert, welche diesen Prozess unterstützen sollen. Über die Wirkungsweise und die Effekte einer solchen räumlich fokussierten Politik herrscht bislang jedoch noch Unklarheit (Raines 2002b, S. 8; Fromhold-Eisebith, Eisebith 2005, S. 1251; Kiese 03.10.2007). Diese Fragestellungen aufgreifend werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit anhand der Fallbeispiele Dresden und Leipzig die Prozesse der Clusterentstehung im Technologiebereich der Biotechnologie vor dem Hintergrund der Post-Transformationsphase Ostdeutschlands analysiert. Zudem wird die umfangreiche, regionalisierte Innovationspolitik des Freistaates Sachsen hinsichtlich ihres Beitrages bei der Clusterentstehung untersucht. Mit diesem Untersuchungsansatz wird ein Beitrag zur noch jungen Diskussion der Clusterentstehung geleistet sowie Einblick in die Wirkungsmöglichkeiten regionalisierter Innovationspolitik gegeben. Auf der Grundlage der theoretischen Diskussion zu Clustern und regionalisierter Innovationspolitik wird ein Untersuchungsmodell abgeleitet, welches sich an den multidimensionalen Analyserahmen Bathelts anlehnt (Bathelt 2002) und um die von Henn diskutierten Entstehungsdimensionen Ansiedlung, Lernen und Gründung erweitert (Henn 2006b). Schwerpunkt der empirischen Analyse ist ein Mix aus leitfadengestützten Interviews und quantitativer Analyse sozialer Netzwerke. Bei der Analyse zeigt sich, dass „klassische“ Erklärungsmuster zur Clusterentstehung teilweise auf Prozesse hinweisen, die sich so nicht feststellen lassen. Als wesentlich erweisen sich vor allem Gründungs- und Ansiedlungsprozesse. Zu ihrer Erklärung kann jedoch kaum auf einfache Standortfaktoren zurückgegriffen werden, vielmehr müssen Forschernetzwerke zur Erklärung herangezogen werden. Bei der Analyse der Effekte der regionalisierten Innovationspolitik zeigt sich, dass die Wirksamkeit maßgeblich von der Gestaltbarkeit und Anpassung der Politik an sich ändernde Governancebedingungen abhängt. Dies betrifft sowohl das regionale technologische Umfeld als auch die Region im Allgemeinen. Daneben 243 ist die Unterstützung der Erzeugung materieller Vorraussetzungen u. a. für den Erfolg von Ausgründungen, Ansiedlungen sowie von unternehmerischen Lernprozessen relevant. Diese müssen jedoch in flexible Strukturen eingebettet werden, die es zu entwickeln gilt. Dafür werden am Ende der Arbeit Handlungsempfehlungen aufgezeigt
While focussing on the development of existing clusters there is a growing interest in those processes which lead to the emergence of clusters. Those differ from these ones which are typical for a ripe cluster (Bresnahan, Gambardella 2004, p. 842; Henn 2006). Several cases show that policy has an impact on the development of a cluster (z.B. Feldmann et al. 2005, p. 131; Dohse 2000). Though there is a consensus that wishing to stear or initiate a cluster is „wishful thinking“ (Enright 2003, p. 104; Rosenfeld et al. 2006). Entrepreneurs in the surrounding of research institutions are in an advantage commercialising knowledge in new technology fields. This is why regionalised innovation policies are implemented recently, which aim to support this process. The effects and mechanisms of such a spatially focused policy have yet to be clarified (Raines 2002, p. 8; Fromhold-Eisebith, Eisebith 2005, p. 1251; Kiese 3. Oktober 2007). Taking up this question in this thesis the process of emerging clusers is analysed in the field of biotechnology for the cases of Dresden and Leipzig under conditions of post-transformation in Eastern Germany. Further the influence of the complex, regionalised innovation policy of the Free State of Saxony is studied concerning the emgergence of clusters. The aim is to contribute to the discussion on emerging clusters as well as to point out the impact regionalised innovation policy can have. A research model is deduced from theoretical discussion on clusters and regionalised innovation policy. It refers to the multidimensional model of Bathelt (Bathelt 2002) and the relevant dimensions for the emergence process, settlements, learning and founding (Henn 2006). To implement this model among others a mix of semi-structured interviews and social network analysis is used. The analysis shows that “classical” explanations for emerging clusters can not be verified. Founding and settling processes of enterprises seem to be most important. A simple location factor based explanation does not give satisfying answers. Explanations have to take researcher-entrepreneurial networks into account. The analysis shows that the impact of regionalised innovation policy depends on a continual development and evolution of policy in accordance with a changing governance structure in the regional technological surrounding as in the overall region. Monetary support proves to be favourably for spin offs and settlements as well as for entrepreneurial learning processes. Those have to be embedded in flexible and developing governance structures

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Quirici, Wagner José. "Modelo conceitual para o desenvolvimento de arranjos produtivos locais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-18062007-153505/.

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A globalização da economia, com a queda das barreiras comerciais e a abertura dos mercados nacionais, tem produzido forte impacto nas estruturas de produção locais gerando ameaças e oportunidades para as pequenas e médias empresas, exigindo destas uma estratégia para inserção na nova economia. O fenômeno da localização, com o surgimento de aglomerações de empresas de um mesmo setor de especialização, os chamados arranjos produtivos locais, tem propiciado às pequenas e médias empresas uma importante estratégia de sobrevivência e de inserção no mercado globalizado. Existem na literatura diversos estudos sobre arranjos produtivos locais. Parte significativa dos estudos empíricos sobre o tema focam, com base em análise quantitativa (grau de especialização regional, índice de concentração em setores industriais, numero de empregados no setor etc.), no potencial de uma aglomeração empresarial de um setor, em uma região específica, de se tornar um arranjo produtivo. Em contraste, existem poucos estudos que busquem compreender a natureza do fenômeno, identificando seus principais fatores direcionadores, as inter-relações entre eles, seus padrões e sua dinâmica de desenvolvimento e de como os agentes locais podem planejar e realizar sua gestão. Existe, portanto, a necessidade de se aprofundar estudos que eliminem essas deficiências e que permitam a construção de um modelo conceitual que contribua para o desenvolvimento e a consolidação dos arranjos produtivos locais. Este é o objetivo do presente trabalho, realizar uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa que com base em revisão teórica e entrevistas com gestores de arranjos produtivos, aprofunde os conhecimentos do fenômeno dos arranjos produtivos buscando identificar os fatores determinantes para o seu surgimento e para sua dinâmica de desenvolvimento. A partir desses conhecimentos construir um modelo conceitual que permita sistematizar os processos de planejamento, aprendizado, implementação e de gestão, enfim, contribua para o desenvolvimento e a consolidação de arranjos produtivos locais emergentes.
The globalization of the economy, the progressive elimination of barriers to trade and the opening of national markets, have produced a strong impact on the local production structures, carrying out threats and opportunities to small and medium companies demanding of them an strategy that insert them in the new economy. The emerge of conglomeration of companies of the same sector of specialization, so called local productive arrangements, has propitiate to the small and medium companies an important insertion strategy in the global market. Indeed, this kind of industrial/regional organization has become an important piece in the implementation of industrial, regional and technological policies to respond to increasingly open markets. There are in the literature many studies on local productive arrangements. Accordingly, a significant part of empirical studies on this subject has been focused on the potential of a sector, in a specific region, to become a local productive arrangement based on quantitative analysis (regional specialization, index of concentration in industrial sectors, number of employees in sector etc.). In contrast, there are few studies that try to understand the nature of the phenomena, its startup?s main drivers factors, the pattern of development of these arrangements and how the local stakeholders could plan and manager them. Taking this into account, it is necessary to develop conceptual models that are able to overcome this deficiency. A combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis is therefore appropriate to identify the most competitive industries and their internal interrelationships. Qualitative analysis such as interviews with local leaders for instance are required to understand interactions and relationships identified through quantitative tools. Beyond the actual findings obtained, analysis can also help identify the most suitable policy targets as well as benchmarks for the evaluation of subsequent arrangement?s plan and management of its performance. This is the aim of this paper, an exploratory research based on theory review, case studies and interviews with local stakeholders propose a conceptual model to plan and to manager the phenomena of local productive arrangements. The greatest benefit of the conceptual model is thus its capacity to give regional economic development policy and sometimes fragmented organizations and plan areas a unifying focus.

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Jenkins, Andrew Timothy. "Malé a střední podniky v České republice a jejich využití jako nástroj pro regionální politiku se zvláštním zaměřením na klastry a poskytnuté podpory pro rozvoj malých a středních podniků dle krajů a programu". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11142.

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The thesis focuses on the problematic of Regional politics not only on the EU level, but also on the level of Czech Republic. There are mentioned the main characteristics of its tools and targets. Also are characterized the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and mentioned their importance for the region. Mentioned are even the clusters thanks to their specifics and importance. They actually work as a special organizational form of SME. Based on data on the financial resources from the structural funds that were given to entrepreneurial subjects and on data on the individual region, they were made various comparing analysis. The main task of this thesis is to prove that support of SME's, particularly in the form of EU and Nationally provided financial resources from the various programs, has a positive impact on the structural growth of the regions economic potential.

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Ferreira, Fernando Coelho Martins. "O efeito da concentração regional das indústrias sobre o desempenho das firmas: uma abordagem multinível". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2547.

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This work had as objective to assess the relation between industrial concentrations and the financial performance of firms located in these places. Literature review sustained the formulation of the hypotheses of this work, which were based on the assumption that location in industrial concentrations provides firms superior return on assets, operational return on assets, asset turnover and organizational slack, when compared to non concentrated firms. Manufacturing industry of the state of São Paulo was the sector chosen for this analysis. For the mapping of industrial concentrations, data on the number of jobs and enterprises from RAIS databank was used, referring to 1996-2005 period. The identification of industrial concentrations allowed SERASA – a company focused on the analysis and information for credit decisions and support to businesses – to elaborate a database of companies located in the state of São Paulo, based on the provision of a list of all industrial sectors characterized by the presence of industrial concentrations. Initially with 8.637 records, the base was reduced to 4.280 records, corresponding to 509 firms belonging to 23 different industries. After data selection, the variable that identifies the areas of the state of São Paulo with industrial concentrations was added to SERASA databank, allowing, therefore, the fulfillment of the analyses of this work. By using the statistical technique of multilevel modeling, it was possible to conclude that there is not enough evidence to claim that location in industrial concentration provides firms superior return on assets, operational return on assets, asset turnover or organizational slack, when compared to non concentrated firms. However, decomposition of variance of these indicators allowed to conclude that “city’ and the way “city” and an “industry” interact play a major role in determining the variability of these indicators. This result suggests that location does matter to the way firms will perform. Analyses still allowed the estimation of the effect of each interaction between industry and city on the proposed indicators. Besides the great variability of these effects, it was not detected a significant difference between the effects of interactions with and without industrial concentrations. Therefore, other factors specific to these interactions, rather than industrial concentrations, would be able to explain why some interactions have very positive effects on their firms, while other have very low or negative effects. Limitations inherent to this work keep results from being generalized. However, one believes that its contributions are able to show new possibilities of research on the field of industrial concentration, so to understand the real importance of this phenomenon for the competitiveness of companies.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre as concentrações industriais e o desempenho financeiro das empresas nelas instaladas. A revisão de literatura sustentou a formulação das hipóteses deste trabalho, que partiram do pressuposto de que a localização em concentrações industriais proporciona às firmas maior retorno sobre ativos, retorno operacional sobre ativos, giro dos ativos e slack organizacional, em relação às empresas não concentradas. A indústria de manufatura do estado de São Paulo foi o setor escolhido para análise. Para o mapeamento das concentrações industriais, foram utilizados os dados da base de empregos e estabelecimentos da RAIS, referentes ao período 1996-2005. A identificação das concentrações industriais permitiu à SERASA, empresa de análises e informações para decisões de crédito e apoio a negócios, elaborar uma base de dados de empresas localizadas no estado de São Paulo, mediante o fornecimento da relação dos setores industriais caracterizados pela presença de concentrações. Inicialmente com 8.637 registros, a base foi reduzida a 4.280 registros, correspondentes a 509 firmas pertencentes a 23 diferentes indústrias. Após a seleção dos dados, a variável que identifica as áreas do estado de São Paulo com concentrações industriais foi inserida na base da SERASA, permitindo, dessa forma, a realização das análises deste trabalho. Por meio da técnica estatística de modelos multiníveis, foi possível constatar que não há evidências suficientes para afirmar que a localização em concentrações industriais proporciona às empresas maior retorno sobre ativos, retorno operacional sobre ativos, giro dos ativos ou slack organizacional, em relação às empresas não localizadas em concentrações. No entanto, a decomposição da variância desses indicadores permitiu constatar que o município e a forma como um município e uma indústria interagem são determinantes na variabilidade desses indicadores. Este resultado sugere que a localização importa, e muito, na forma como as empresas irão se desempenhar. As análises ainda permitiram estimar o efeito de cada interação entre indústria e município sobre os indicadores propostos. Além da constatação de uma grande variabilidade desses efeitos, não foi detectada uma diferença significativa entre os efeitos das interações com e sem concentrações industriais. Portanto, outros fatores específicos a essas interações, que não a concentração industrial, seriam capazes de explicar porque algumas interações possuem efeitos muitos positivos sobre suas empresas, enquanto outras, efeitos muito pequenos ou negativos. As limitações inerentes a este trabalho impedem a generalização de seus resultados. No entanto, acredita-se que as suas contribuições sejam capazes de mostrar novas possibilidades de pesquisa no campo das concentrações industriais, a fim de compreender a real importância deste fenômeno para a competitividade das empresas.

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Exner, Jan-Philipp, i Ergin Yücel. "Structural change in European border zone agglomerations : A comparative analysis between Copenhagen and Saarbrücken". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2156.

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In this study we made an investigation on the transformation of economic structure of two border city regions, Saarbrücken and Copenhagen. The motivation for a comparative analysis is that they have similar industrial background. Both city regions were dynamic in the first half of the 20th century however in the second half they slowed down and gradually lost some of their industrial base. This decline of industry also brought some transformation of the economic structure. To some extent they followed similar trends such as decline of industry and rise of service sector. However there are differences as well, like the diversification of economy, dependence on industry, potential for attracting the creative class and so on. Another reason for comparison is that they are both border regions and have a potential to integrate with the other side of the border. Saarbrücken has increased its interaction with the French region Lorraine and the opening of the High Speed Railway East to Paris is likely to contribute to this interaction and may lead to integration. Copenhagen, too, has been increasing its interaction with Malmo and Lund on the Swedish side. Especially after the opening of the Öresund Bridge in 2000 this interaction even got accelerated and seems to evolve towards integration. We have discussed this cross-border interaction and tried to identify to what extend these regions integrated with the other side of the border. Furthermore we tried to reveal the similarities and the differences in this integration processes in both border regions. As theoretical approach we have chosen Kondratieff Wave Theory, Porter’s Cluster Theory and Florida’s Creative Class Theory as these theories seem to explain the developments in the two regions quite well. The Wave theory makes up the theoretical framework as it reflects a global shift in the western economies especially in the old industrial zones. The two other theories points out to more specific developments in two regions such as emergence of high tech sectors as a result of creative class. Our overall conclusion is that the two regions have similarities in their transformation but also differences. Every region has its own transformation story as some local elements are involved in the process. It is not possible to have identical developments; however regions can induce similar development with the more dynamic regions in case they create similar conditions for new sectors. And it is increasingly easier to do so as the globalisation makes the production factors more mobile.
Jan-Philipp Exner Hauptstrasse 84 66127 Saarbrücken-Klarenthal Fon: +49 6898 32459 Mail: jan-exner@web.de -------------------------------------- ERGIN YUCEL +46735623450 www.eyucel.com

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