Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Regional climate mode

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Regional climate mode”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Regional climate mode"

Pham, Trang Van, Christian Steger, Burkhardt Rockel, Klaus Keuler, Ingo Kirchner, Mariano Mertens, Daniel Rieger, Günther Zängl i Barbara Früh. "ICON in Climate Limited-area Mode (ICON release version 2.6.1): a new regional climate model". Geoscientific Model Development 14, nr 2 (18.02.2021): 985–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-985-2021.

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Abstract. For the first time, the Limited-Area Mode of the new ICON (Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic) weather and climate model has been used for a continuous long-term regional climate simulation over Europe. Built upon the Limited-Area Mode of ICON (ICON-LAM), ICON-CLM (ICON in Climate Limited-area Mode, hereafter ICON-CLM, available in ICON release version 2.6.1) is an adaptation for climate applications. A first version of ICON-CLM is now available and has already been integrated into a starter package (ICON-CLM_SP_beta1). The starter package provides users with a technical infrastructure that facilitates long-term simulations as well as model evaluation and test routines. ICON-CLM and ICON-CLM_SP were successfully installed and tested on two different computing systems. Tests with different domain decompositions showed bit-identical results, and no systematic outstanding differences were found in the results with different model time steps. ICON-CLM was also able to reproduce the large-scale atmospheric information from the global driving model. Comparison was done between ICON-CLM and the COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling (COSMO)-CLM (the recommended model configuration by the CLM-Community) performance. For that, an evaluation run of ICON-CLM with ERA-Interim boundary conditions was carried out with the setup similar to the COSMO-CLM recommended optimal setup. ICON-CLM results showed biases in the same range as those of COSMO-CLM for all evaluated surface variables. While this COSMO-CLM simulation was carried out with the latest model version which has been developed and was carefully tuned for climate simulations on the European domain, ICON-CLM was not tuned yet. Nevertheless, ICON-CLM showed a better performance for air temperature and its daily extremes, and slightly better performance for total cloud cover. For precipitation and mean sea level pressure, COSMO-CLM was closer to observations than ICON-CLM. However, as ICON-CLM is still in the early stage of development, there is still much room for improvement.

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Thompson, D. W. J. "Regional Climate Impacts of the Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode". Science 293, nr 5527 (6.07.2001): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1058958.

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Pietikäinen, J. P., D. O'Donnell, C. Teichmann, U. Karstens, S. Pfeifer, J. Kazil, R. Podzun i in. "The regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM". Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 5, nr 1 (26.03.2012): 737–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-737-2012.

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Abstract. REMO-HAM is a new regional aerosol-climate model. It is based on the REMO regional climate model and includes all of the major aerosol processes. The structure for aerosol is similar to the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM, for example the aerosol module HAM-M7 has been coupled with a two-moment stratiform cloud scheme. In this work, we have evaluated the model and compared the results against ECHAM5-HAM and measurements. Four different measurement sites was chosen for the comparison of total number concentrations, size distributions and gas phase sulfur dioxide concentrations: Hyytiälä in Finland, Melpitz in Germany, Mace Head in Ireland and Jungfraujoch in Switzerland. REMO-HAM is run with two different resolutions: 50×50 km2 and 10×10 km2. Based on our simulations, REMO-HAM can represent the measured values reasonably well. The total number concentrations are slightly underestimated, which is probably due to the missing boundary layer nucleation and online secondary organic aerosol model. The differences in the total number concentrations between REMO-HAM and ECHAM5-HAM can be mainly explained by the difference in the nucleation mode. From the meteorological point of view, REMO-HAM represents the precipitation fields and 2 m temperature profile very well compared to measurement. Overall, we have shown that REMO-HAM is a functional aerosol-climate model, which will be used in further studies.

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Pietikäinen, J. P., D. O'Donnell, C. Teichmann, U. Karstens, S. Pfeifer, J. Kazil, R. Podzun i in. "The regional aerosol-climate model REMO-HAM". Geoscientific Model Development 5, nr 6 (1.11.2012): 1323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1323-2012.

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Abstract. REMO-HAM is a new regional aerosol-climate model. It is based on the REMO regional climate model and includes most of the major aerosol processes. The structure for aerosol is similar to the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM, for example the aerosol module HAM is coupled with a two-moment stratiform cloud scheme. On the other hand, REMO-HAM does not include an online coupled aerosol-radiation nor a secondary organic aerosol module. In this work, we evaluate the model and compare the results against ECHAM5-HAM and measurements. Four different measurement sites were chosen for the comparison of total number concentrations, size distributions and gas phase sulfur dioxide concentrations: Hyytiälä in Finland, Melpitz in Germany, Mace Head in Ireland and Jungfraujoch in Switzerland. REMO-HAM is run with two different resolutions: 50 × 50 km2 and 10 × 10 km2. Based on our simulations, REMO-HAM is in reasonable agreement with the measured values. The differences in the total number concentrations between REMO-HAM and ECHAM5-HAM can be mainly explained by the difference in the nucleation mode. Since we did not use activation nor kinetic nucleation for the boundary layer, the total number concentrations are somewhat underestimated. From the meteorological point of view, REMO-HAM represents the precipitation fields and 2 m temperature profile very well compared to measurement. Overall, we show that REMO-HAM is a functional aerosol-climate model, which will be used in further studies.

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Liu, Xinlei. "A New Machine Learning Algorithm for Regional Low-Carbon Economic Development Analysis Based on Data Mining". Journal of Function Spaces 2022 (25.08.2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5692666.

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The development of information technology such as the continuous improvement of mobile Internet infrastructure and the performance of computers has made it easy to process and share information. The huge market demand for location-based information services provides huge impetus to the generation and development of mobile terminal positioning technology. Generally speaking, the main causes of climate change can be summarized into two categories: natural climate fluctuations and the impact of human activities which is a major measure taken by China to actively respond to climate change. This is a successful approach to actively explore the rapid development of China’s industrialization and urbanization, which not only develops the economy and improves people’s livelihood but also responds to climate change and reduces carbon intensity. Firstly, this paper mainly is aimed at the connotation of regional low-carbon economic development mode, studying the basic mode of regional low-carbon economic development, and analyzing the characteristics and applicable conditions of each mode. Secondly, based on the machine learning algorithm of data mining, the main mode selection of regional low-carbon economic development is discussed. Thirdly and finally, when choosing the regional low-carbon economic development mode, comprehensive consideration should be given to the economic development basis, energy structure, resource characteristics, industrial status, development mode, geographic location, and other factors. This paper studies the basic conditions and applicable conditions of regional economic development models. The conclusion shows that from the perspective of regional economic evolution, low-carbon economy can be regarded as the decarbonization process of economic development. It is an economic form combining its own characteristics and an inevitable requirement for the transformation of regional economy from other economic models to low-carbon economic models. And other factors of Selection of regional economic development foundation, energy structure, resource characteristics, industrial status, development mode, geographical location, were also discussed.

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Coburn, Jacob, i S. C. Pryor. "Differential Credibility of Climate Modes in CMIP6". Journal of Climate 34, nr 20 (październik 2021): 8145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0359.1.

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AbstractThis work quantitatively evaluates the fidelity with which the northern annular mode (NAM), southern annular mode (SAM), Pacific–North American pattern (PNA), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and the first-order mode interactions are represented in Earth system model (ESM) output from the CMIP6 archive. Several skill metrics are used as part of a differential credibility assessment (DCA) of both spatial and temporal characteristics of the modes across ESMs, ESM families, and specific ESM realizations relative to ERA5. The spatial patterns and probability distributions are generally well represented but skill scores that measure the degree to which the frequencies of maximum variance are captured are consistently lower for most ESMs and climate modes. Substantial variability in skill scores manifests across realizations from individual ESMs for the PNA and oceanic modes. Further, the ESMs consistently overestimate the strength of the NAM–PNA first-order interaction and underestimate the NAM–AMO connection. These results suggest that the choice of ESM and ESM realizations will continue to play a critical role in determining climate projections at the global and regional scale at least in the near term.

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Zhang, Mingyue, Merja H. Tölle, Eva Hartmann, Elena Xoplaki i Jürg Luterbacher. "A Sensitivity Assessment of COSMO-CLM to Different Land Cover Schemes in Convection-Permitting Climate Simulations over Europe". Atmosphere 12, nr 12 (29.11.2021): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121595.

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The question of how sensitive the regional and local climates are to different land cover maps and fractions is important, as land cover affects the atmospheric circulation via its influence on heat, moisture, and momentum transfer, as well as the chemical composition of the atmosphere. In this study, we used three independent land cover data sets, GlobCover 2009, GLC2000 and ESACCI-LC, as the lower boundary of the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (Consortium for Small Scale Modeling in Climate Mode, v5.0-clm15) to perform convection-permitting regional climate simulations over the large part of Europe covering the years 1999 and 2000 at a 0.0275° horizontal resolution. We studied how the sensitivity of the impacts on regional and local climates is represented by different land cover maps and fractions, especially between warm (summer) and cold (winter) seasons. We show that the simulated regional climate is sensitive to different land cover maps and fractions. The simulated temperature and observational data are generally in good agreement, though with differences between the seasons. In comparison to winter, the summer simulations are more heterogeneous across the study region. The largest deviation is found for the alpine area (−3 to +3 °C), which might be among different reasons due to different classification systems in land cover maps and orographical aspects in the COSMO-CLM model. The leaf area index and plant cover also showed different responses based on various land cover types, especially over the area with high vegetation coverage. While relating the differences of land cover fractions and the COSMO-CLM simulation results (the leaf area index, and plant coverage) respectively, the differences in land cover fractions did not necessarily lead to corresponding bias in the simulation results. We finally provide a comparative analysis of how sensitive the simulation outputs (temperature, leaf area index, plant cover) are related to different land cover maps and fractions. The different regional representations of COSMO-CLM indicate that the soil moisture, atmospheric circulation, evaporative demand, elevation, and snow cover schemes need to be considered in the regional climate simulation with a high horizontal resolution.

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Messié, Monique, i Francisco Chavez. "Global Modes of Sea Surface Temperature Variability in Relation to Regional Climate Indices". Journal of Climate 24, nr 16 (15.08.2011): 4314–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3941.1.

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Abstract A century-long EOF analysis of global sea surface temperature (SST) was carried out and the first six modes, independent by construction, were found to be associated with well-known regional climate phenomena: the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), El Niño Modoki, and the Atlantic El Niño. Four of the six global modes are dominated by Pacific changes, the other two (M2 and M6) being associated with the AMO and Atlantic El Niño, respectively. The principal component time series of the ENSO (M1) and North Pacific (M3) modes are coherent at time scales >10 yr, and their interaction results in the traditional PDO pattern and the dominant mode of Pacific multidecadal variability. The M3 and PDO time series are well correlated, but the EOFs have different spatial patterns. The fourth mode (M4) has been strengthening since the 1950s and is related to the NPGO but also to El Niño Modoki, especially at the decadal scale. The fifth global mode (M5) is also spatially and temporally correlated to El Niño Modoki. The Pacific SST modes are further related to atmospheric forcing and the circulation of the North Pacific subpolar and subtropical gyres.

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Doi, Takeshi, Chaoxia Yuan, Swadhin K. Behera i Toshio Yamagata. "Predictability of the California Niño/Niña*". Journal of Climate 28, nr 18 (11.09.2015): 7237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0112.1.

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Abstract Predictability of a recently discovered regional coupled climate mode called the California Niño (Niña) off Baja California and California is explored using a seasonal prediction system based on the Scale Interaction Experiment-Frontier, version 1 (SINTEX-F1) coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model. Because of the skillful prediction of basin-scale El Niño (La Niña), the California Niño (Niña) that co-occurs with El Niño (La Niña) with a peak in boreal winter is found to be predictable at least a couple of seasons ahead. On the other hand, the regional coupled phenomenon peaking in boreal summer without co-occurrence with El Niño (La Niña) is difficult to predict. The difficulty in predicting such an intrinsic regional climate phenomenon may be due to model deficiency in resolving the regional air–sea–land positive feedback processes. The model may also underestimate coastal Kelvin waves with a small offshore scale, which may play an important role in the generation of the California Niño/Niña. It may be improved by increasing horizontal resolution of the ocean component of the coupled model. The present study may provide a guideline to improve seasonal prediction of regional climate modes for important industrial as well as social applications.

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Ge, Yan, i Gavin Gong. "North American Snow Depth and Climate Teleconnection Patterns". Journal of Climate 22, nr 2 (15.01.2009): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2124.1.

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Abstract Snow–atmosphere relationships have been studied for nearly half a century, but the primary focus has been on snow extent variability, largely because of the relative scarcity of snow depth data. A recently released North American snow depth dataset, with extensive spatial coverage and multidecadal temporal duration, provides a new opportunity to compare snow depth–climate relationships with snow extent–climate relationships over North America. Robust concurrent lead and lag correlations are observed between snow depth and two major climate modes, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and the Pacific–North America (PNA) pattern, across North America and throughout the snow season. In contrast, snow extent exhibits a less coherent relationship with PDO and PNA except in late spring, which can be interpreted as a residual of the snow depth–climate mode relationship. A regional signature for the snow depth–PDO/PNA relationship is also identified, centered over interior central-western North America. Smaller scales mask the regional effect of PDO and PNA because of local snow depth variability, while larger continental scales exceed the regional domain of the climate mode teleconnections. Overall these results suggest that North American snow depth variability may have greater climatic causes and consequences than snow extent. Physical mechanisms that may be responsible for the observed snow depth–climate teleconnection patterns such as the surface energy balance, moisture transport, and atmospheric flow regimes are briefly discussed.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Regional climate mode"

Glushak, Ksenia. "Atmospheric circulation and the surface mass balance in a regional climate model of Antarctica". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1729/.

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Understanding the Earth's climate system and particularly climate variability presents one of the most difficult and urgent challenges in science. The Antarctic plays a crucial role in the global climate system, since it is the principal region of radiative energy deficit and atmospheric cooling. An assessment of regional climate model HIRHAM is presented. The simulations are generated with the HIRHAM model, which is modified for Antarctic applications. With a horizontal resolution of 55km, the model has been run for the period 1958-1998 creating long-term simulations from initial and boundary conditions provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA40 re-analysis. The model output is compared with observations from observation stations, upper air data, global atmospheric analyses and satellite data. In comparison with the observations, the evaluation shows that the simulations with the HIRHAM model capture both the large and regional scale circulation features with generally small bias in the modeled variables. On the annual time scale the largest errors in the model simulations are the overestimation total cloud cover and the colder near-surface temperature over the interior of the Antarctic plateau. The low-level temperature inversion as well as low-level wind jet is well captured by the model. The decadal scale processes were studied based on trend calculations. The long-term run was divided into two 20 years parts. The 2m temperature, 500 hPa temperature, MSLP, precipitation and net mass balance trends were calculated for both periods and over 1958 - 1998. During the last two decades the strong surface cooling was observed over the Eastern Antarctica, this result is in good agreement with the result of Chapman and Walsh (2005) who calculated the temperature trend based on the observational data. The MSLP trend reveals a big disparity between the first and second parts of the 40 year run. The overall trend shows the strengthening of the circumpolar vortex and continental anticyclone. The net mass balance as well as precipitation show a positive trend over the Antarctic Peninsula region, along Wilkes Land and in Dronning Maud Land. The Antarctic ice sheet grows over the Eastern part of Antarctica with small exceptions in Dronning Maud Land and Wilkes Land and sinks in the Antarctic Peninsula; this result is in good agreement with the satellite-measured altitude presented in Davis (2005) . To better understand the horizontal structure of MSLP, temperature and net mass balance trends the influence of the Southern Annual Mode (SAM) on the Antarctic climate was investigated. The main meteorological parameters during the positive and negative Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) phases were compared to each other. A positive/negative AAO index means strengthening/weakening of the circumpolar vortex, poleward/northward storm tracks and prevailing/weakening westerly winds. For detailed investigation of global teleconnection, two positive and one negative periods of AAO phase were chosen. The differences in MSLP and 2m temperature between positive and negative AAO years during the winter months partly explain the surface cooling during the last decades.
Eine der dringendsten wissenschaftlichen Herausforderungen besteht darin, das Klimasystem der Erde und die Prozesse zu verstehen, die seine Klimavariabilität bestimmen. Die Antarktis spielt eine entscheidende Rolle im globalen Klimasystem, da sie die wesentliche Energiesenke und atmosphärische Abkühlregion darstellt. In dieser Arbeit wird das regionale Klimamodell HIRHAM zur Untersuchung des Klimas der Antarktis eingesetzt, das dafür speziell angepasst wurde. Mit einer horizontalen Auflösung von 50 km und 25 vertikalen Schichten wurden Simulationen für 40 Jahre von 1958-1998 durchgeführt, wobei die Anfangs- und Randbedingungen durch die ERA40 Daten des ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) geliefert wurden. Die Modellergebnisse wurden mit Daten von Beobachtungsstationen, aerologischen Vertikalsondierungen, globalen Analysedaten und Satellitendaten verglichen. Diese Validierung zeigt, dass die HIRHAM Modellsimulationen die globalen und regionalen Zirkulationsmuster mit einem vertretbaren Modellfehler generieren. Auf der jährlichen Zeitskale zeigen sich die größten Modellfehler in einer Überbestimmung der totalen Wolkenbedeckung und der kalten bodennahen Temperaturen der Atmosphäre. Die bodennahen Inversionen und katabatischen Windsysteme werden durch das Modell gut wiedergegeben. Dekadische Prozesse wurden durch Trendberechnungen analysiert. Dazu wurden die 40 Jahre umfassenden Simulationen in zwei 20 Jahre Abschnitte von 1958-1978 und 1979-1998 unterteilt. Die Trends in den 2m Temperaturen, im mittleren Bodenluftdruck, 500 hPa Geopotential, Niederschlag und der Netto Massenbilanz wurden berechnet. In den letzten zwei Dekaden wurde eine starke atmosphärische Abkühlung an der Oberfläche in der Ostantarktis simuliert, die in guter Übereinstimmung mit den Trendanalysen aus Beobachtungen von Chapman und Walsh (2005) steht. Der Trend im mittleren Bodenluftdruck weist deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den ersten Periode 1958-1978 und der zweiten Periode 1979-1998 auf. Insgesamt verstärkt sich über die untersuchten 40 Jahre der zirkumpolare Tiefdruckwirbel und die kontinentale Antizyklone. Die Nettomassenbilanz und der Niederschlag zeigen einen positiven Trend über der Antarktischen Halbinsel, Wilkes Land und Dronning Maud Land. Das antarktische Eisschild wächst im östlichen Teil der Antarktis mit geringen Ausnahmen in Dronning Maud Land und Wilkes Land an und schächt sich über der antarktischen Halbinsel ab. Dieses Resultat befindet sich in Übereinstimmung mit den Akkumulationstrends von Davis (2005) auf der Basis von Satellitendaten. Die horizontalen Strukturen der simulierten antarktischen Trends im mittleren Bodenluftdruck, in der 2m Temperatur und der Netto Massenbilanz wurden mit Trends des globalen Telekonnektionsmusters der Südhemisphäre verglichen. Dazu wurden wesentliche atmosphärische Parameter für positive und negative Phasen der Antarktischen Oszillation (AAO) analysiert. Die positiven/negativen AAO Phasen gehen einher mit einer Verstärkung/Abschwächung des zirkumpolaren Tiefdruckwirbels, verstärkten/reduzierten Stormtracks und verstärkten/abgeschwächten Westwinden. Für eine tiefergehende Untersuchung wurden zwei positive und eine negative AAO Phase miteinander verglichen. Die Unterschiede im Bodenluftdruck und der 2m Temperatur zwischen den positiven und negativen AAO Perioden können den Abkühlungstrend während der letzten Dekaden zu großen Teilen erklären.

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Mabuchi, Kazuo. "A numerical study of climates and atmospheric CO2 concentrations using a regional climate model with a Biosphere-Atmosphere Interaction Model (BAIM)". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149573.

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Pal, Sujan, i Sujan Pal. "Application of High-Resolution Regional Climate Model Product in Climate and Weather Research". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624093.

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Accurate regional and local scale information about seasonal climate variability and its impact on water availability is important in many practical applications like agriculture, water resource planning, long term decision making etc. Presently, the primary source for real-time seasonal climate forecast comes from the CPC within the NOAA-NCEP which uses its model forecast component (CFSv2) of North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME). But it has been observed that in comparison to the cool season, the level of skill in warm season seasonal forecasts of precipitation produced by the NMME is much lower (Kirtman et al. 2014) due to the poor climatological representation of warm season convective precipitation. To fully realise the potential in improving warm season seasonal forecasts using a dynamical modeling approach requires dynamical downscaling of NMME models to better improve their representation of convective precipitation at a convective-permitting (3km) grid. A decade-long CFSR (the reanalysis product of CFS) data is dynamically downscaled using WRF to demonstrate the value added of convective permitting modeling in the representation of mean and extreme warm season precipitation over the Southwest United States. The study shows evidence that the use of regional model adds value to the reanalyses in terms to better special and temporal representation which is also consistent with previous studies and appears to be an important initial step towards seasonal to subseasonal (S2S) forecasting. Empirical observations show that the structure and size of tropical cyclones (TCs) have dramatic impacts at landfall, including wind damage and storm surge. A better understanding of how the large-scale environment affects TC size and size change might be helpful in the predictions of the TC environment to infer how the TC size might change close to landfall. This study investigates the influence of environmental factors on TC size expansions using numerical simulations. Two periods of size change are investigated one in Hurricane Katrina (2005) as it moved through the Gulf of Mexico and one in Igor (2010) as it begins to undergo extratropical transition. Size changes are evaluated using the North Atlantic Hurricane Database second generation (HURDAT2) data set, which contains the maximum radial extent of the 64-, 50- and 34-kt wind in four quadrants. The average 34-kt wind radius (R34) is used as an indicator of the size of the TC. For the purposes of this study, the environment of a TC is investigated if the wind field either expanded or contracted in size at least 15 n mi radially in a 12-hour period. The regional model used is WRF-ARW. The results found from the simulation of Hurricane Katrina support previous results that increased surface fluxes and higher moisture availability is conducive to TC wind expansion and that as the moisture is depleted, the expansion of the wind field is no longer supported. In the case of Hurricane Igor, the influences of the midlatitude westerlies was evident in the increasing deep vertical wind shear, which is known to be detrimental to TC structure and intensity when strong enough.

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Hamman, Joseph, Bart Nijssen, Michael Brunke, John Cassano, Anthony Craig, Alice DuVivier, Mimi Hughes i in. "Land Surface Climate in the Regional Arctic System Model". AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621720.

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The Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) is a fully coupled, regional Earth system model applied over the pan-Arctic domain. This paper discusses the implementation of the Variable Infiltration Capacity land surface model (VIC) in RASM and evaluates the ability of RASM, version 1.0, to capture key features of the land surface climate and hydrologic cycle for the period 1979-2014 in comparison with uncoupled VIC simulations, reanalysis datasets, satellite measurements, and in situ observations. RASM reproduces the dominant features of the land surface climatology in the Arctic, such as the amount and regional distribution of precipitation, the partitioning of precipitation between runoff and evapotranspiration, the effects of snow on the water and energy balance, and the differences in turbulent fluxes between the tundra and taiga biomes. Surface air temperature biases in RASM, compared to reanalysis datasets ERA-Interim and MERRA, are generally less than 2 degrees C; however, in the cold seasons there are local biases that exceed 6 degrees C. Compared to satellite observations, RASM captures the annual cycle of snow-covered area well, although melt progresses about two weeks faster than observations in the late spring at high latitudes. With respect to derived fluxes, such as latent heat or runoff, RASM is shown to have similar performance statistics as ERA-Interim while differing substantially from MERRA, which consistently overestimates the evaporative flux across the Arctic region.

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Tesfaye, Melaku. "Atmospheric aerosol distributions and their climatic effects over South Africa using remote sensing observations and regional climate model". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79190.

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Atmospheric aerosols are small solid and liquid particles suspended in the Earth's atmosphere which originate from anthropogenic and natural activities. Unlike greenhouse gases, aerosol particles are relatively short-lived in the atmosphere and exhibit multidimensional heterogeneity with respect to their composition, size, sources, mixing state and the spatio-temporal distributions. The concentration and climatic influences of atmospheric aerosols are much higher closer to their source regions. Therefore, to have a better understanding of the role of aerosols, their distribution and climatic impacts must be understood and quantified on a regional scale rather than on a global‐average basis. There are multiple sources of aerosols/precursor gases in South Africa (SA) which build a complex mixture of atmospheric particulates. This contribution presents a detailed study of aerosol climatology over SA as well as examines the direct radiative and semi-direct climatic effects of individual/total aerosol particles based on their sources. The climatological study has shown that, in terms of aerosol load spatial variation, SA can be classified into three parts: the upper, central, and lower part; which corresponds to high, medium and low aerosol loads. The seasonal variation of aerosol optical signatures shows that the prevailing sources of aerosols are different in each part of SA. The lower part is dominated by particles that are induced from the air mass transport from the surrounding marine environment and other SA/neighbouring regions. The central and upper parts of SA are primarily loaded by windblown mineral dust particles and aerosols that result from anthropogenic/biomass burning activities. Following the aerosol climatological study, using the 12 year (1997 - 2008) runs of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4), the mass distribution, radiative influences and semi-direct climatic effects of wind-eroded desert dust particles, different species of aerosols that are induced from anthropogenic and biomass burning activities over SA are examined. Investigating the influence of aerosols, based on their sources, is essential to improve the scientific understanding about the two-way interaction and feedback among various species of aerosols, radiation and different climatic variables. This is also important to distinguish the climatic signals of anthropogenic aerosols from that of natural aerosols as well as to devise climate change mitigation strategies. Before employing RegCM4 for these purposes, the model’s performance in reproducing the major observational features of aerosol optical fields over SA was evaluated. Among various semi-direct climatic influences of aerosols, this study examined their effects on: surface temperature, surface sensible heat flux, net atmospheric radiative heating rate, hydrological variables (in terms of cloud cover and cloud liquid water path), boundary layer, surface pressure and surface wind fields. The study also assessed the dependency of aerosols’ semi-direct effects on seasonal variation of meteorological parameters as well as its reliance on atmospheric aerosol distributions and properties. Overall, the semi-direct effect assessments delivered not only an important contribution towards the understanding of the interaction and feedback between different types of aerosols-radiation-climate (at a regional level), but also offered insightful information about the mutual interrelationships among different climatic feedbacks. Among different aerosol species in SA, this study critically underscores that the wind-eroded desert dust particles have a dominant climatic signal in SA. Therefore, wind-eroded desert dust particles are of high importance and need to be incorporated in climate change studies over South Africa. Additionally, the dominance of dust particle climatic signals perhaps requires some attention from governmental or non-governmental environmental organizations which are working in and around South Africa: at least in terms of making some strategic plans on how to reduce the dust production and dispersion.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Geaography, Geoinformatics And Meterology
PhD
Unrestricted

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Mundakkara, Ravi Varma. "Validation of the Canadian Regional Climate Model using spectral analysis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0027/MQ50842.pdf.

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Pfeifer, Susanne. "Modeling cold cloud processes with the regional climate model REMO /". Hamburg : Max-Planck-Inst. für Meteorologie, 2006. http://edoc.mpg.de/get.epl?fid=18331&did=261718&ver=0.

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Mundakkara, Ravi Varma. "Validation of the Canadian Regional Climate Model using spectral analysis". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21611.

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Spectra for various meteorological fields are computed using the two-dimensional Fourier transform technique on a limited-area grid of the Regional finite-element (RFE) model and the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM). Limitations of removing the linear trend from the fields, and thereby removing the large-scale variance, are discussed. The spectra of difference fields are calculated, yielding the error variance for different scales.
Spectral methods are used widely in the evaluation of global models. In this study, the same method is used for evaluating the CRCM in its ability to correctly reproduce the mesoscale systems in short-term integrations, when low-resolution GCM-like initial and lateral boundary conditions are provided. Two cases have been chosen for this study, the first one over the Montreal region and second one over the Mackenzie River Basin (MRB). It is found that the relative error variance growth at most scales, particularly the small scales, is less for the MRB region possibly due to the topographic forcing. In both cases and all experiments, the maximum relative error variance is found to be at a wavelength of about 350-km.
Root mean square (rms) error and relative rms error for the geopotential height field for both cases are very small and show little or no growth, when scale decompositions are not made. However, the relative error variance when examined according to scale, show considerable differences. The relative errors at different scales show different growth rates and that of the meso-alpha and synoptic scales are found to be growing with time.

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Wrzesien, Melissa Leigh. "Estimating North American montane snowpack with regional climate model simulations". The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1522762079858684.

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Inthacha, Sujittra. "The climatology of Thailand and future climate change projections using the regional climate model precis". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/36354/.

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The climate of Thailand has not been studied in as much depth as in other parts of continental Southeast Asia. The baseline climate of Thailand during 1961-1990 is first analysed using daily observational data from five surface stations, each representing a different region of Thailand, supplemented by the high resolution 0.5° monthly gridded observational dataset, CRUTS2.1. The latter leads to a deeper understanding of the spatial variation in seasonal cycles of key climate variables in Thailand. Also revealed is an increase in the number of tropical depressions crossing Thailand during La Niña years. It was found that there is a statistically significant intensification (reduction) of precipitation during La Niña (El Niño) years at Surat Thani (Chiang Mai) in southern (northern) Thailand during ON (JJAS). This work facilitates the Regional Climate Model validation work which follows. The Providing REgional Climates for Impact Studies regional climate model, PRECIS, was run for the first time over Southeast Asia to specifically study the climate of Thailand. The first phase is model validation during the 1961-1990 baseline period. An ensemble of RCM runs is undertaken to study the sensitivity to the driving GCM. The added value provided by PRECIS in comparison to the coarser driving models is discussed. The possible causes of model bias are investigated. The model projections for the end of this century are undertaken based on high (SRESA2) and low (SRES-B2) emission scenarios which estimate the range of possible climate change in Thailand. These RCM simulations suggest trends in temperature that are broadly in line with those reported by IPCC. PRECIS A2 and B2 simulations mostly produce small precipitation increases in JJAS and small precipitation increases (decreases) during DJF under the A2 (B2) scenario. Wet season precipitation increases appear to be related to higher rain intensity on fewer rain days.

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Książki na temat "Regional climate mode"

Nazrul, Islam Md. Studies on summer monsoon rainfall using regional climate model PRECIS. Dhaka: SAARC Meteorological Research Centre, 2009.

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Md, Nazrul Islam. Studies on summer monsoon rainfall using regional climate model PRECIS. Dhaka: SAARC Meteorological Research Centre, 2009.

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Md, Nazrul Islam. Studies on summer monsoon rainfall using regional climate model PRECIS. Dhaka: SAARC Meteorological Research Centre, 2009.

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Abegg, Christoph. Parameterisierung atmosphärischer Grenzschichtprozesse in einem regionalen Klimamodell der Arktis =: Parameterisation of atmospheric boundary layer processes in a regional climate model of the Arctic. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1999.

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Heck, Pamela. European-scale vegetation-climate feedbacks since the time of the Romans: A sensitivity study using a regional climate model. Zurich: Geographisches Institut, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, 1999.

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Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy. Sadguru model of rural development mitigates climate change in India's drylands. New Delhi: Daya Publishing House, a division of Astral International Pvt. Ltd., 2015.

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Meissner, Cathérine. High-resolution sensitivity studies with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM. Karlsruhe: Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008.

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Grotch, Stanley L. Regional intercomparisons of general circulation model predictions and historical climate data. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Carbon Dioxide Research Division, 1988.

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E, Morris R., i Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory (U.S.), red. Sensitivity of a regional oxidant model to variations in climate parameters. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, 1989.

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Saha, Subodh Kumar. The influence of an improved soil scheme on the arctic climate in a regional climate model (RCM): Der Einfluss eines verbesserten Bodenschemas auf das arktische Klima in einem regionalen Klimamodell. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2006.

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Części książek na temat "Regional climate mode"

Leung, L. Ruby. "Regional Climate Models regional climate model". W Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 8902–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_363.

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Nayak, Sridhara, i Tetsuya Takemi. "Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Temperature and Precipitation Over India". W Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 121–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_4.

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AbstractThis study explores a comprehensive assessment of future climate change in terms of the climatologies, distribution patterns, annual cycles, and frequency distributions of temperature and precipitation over India by analyzing 190 mega-ensemble experimental results. The results indicate that the annual mean surface temperatures over Indian regions are typically 25 ℃ or higher in the present climate (1951–2010) and are expected to increase by 3–5 ℃ in the future climate (2051–2110). Some desert regions in the west and tropical humid climate types in the central and south regions of the country show possible temperature increases of 4–5 ℃, while the temperatures over the subtropical humid climates in the north and east regions of the country show increases of 3–4 ℃. The precipitation amounts over the arid and semiarid climate types in the western region and over some tropical rainforest climate zones in the southwest region show increases of 0.5 mm d−1 in the future climate, and the precipitation amounts over the temperate, rainy climate types in the northeast region show increases of more than 1 mm d−1. This study also discusses future changes in various climatic variables, including vertical velocity, air temperature, specific humidity, cloud cover, and relative humidity.

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Duffy, Philip B., Eric Maloney i Justin Sheffield. "Global Climate Model Simulations of North America". W Regional Climate Studies, 167–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4_4.

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Popp, Karoline. "Regional Policy Perspectives". W People on the Move in a Changing Climate, 229–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6985-4_10.

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Sabyrbekov, Rahat, Indra Overland i Roman Vakulchuk. "Introduction to Climate Change in Central Asia". W SpringerBriefs in Climate Studies, 1–11. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29831-8_1.

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AbstractThis chapter provides a broad introduction to the impact of climate change in Central Asia, a region that has been experiencing a greater rise in temperatures than other parts of the world. The chapter shows how climate change represents a significant threat to Central Asia, exacerbating existing economic and environmental challenges and fueling regional tensions over resource management. Inefficient water resource management at the national level and limited regional collaboration on the management of water resources, coupled with state capacities that remain insufficient to tackle climate change impacts, compound water-related tensions between the countries in the region. The chapter also shows how decarbonisation efforts in Central Asia are still in their early stages, with coal remaining a primary source of energy. Although the Central Asian countries have announced decarbonisation targets and adopted green economy strategies and programmes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a large-scale clean energy transition remains unlikely in the short term. The chapter concludes by identifying a lack of scholarship on climate change in Central Asia, which limits the development of a coherent approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation and evidence-based decision-making in the region. The chapter argues that a more coordinated approach to tackling climate change across the region is needed, requiring closer collaboration and more effective joint management of natural resources by the five Central Asian states. Finally, the chapter presents the chapters in the rest of the book.

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Caya, D., R. Laprise, M. Giguère, G. Bergeron, J. P. Blanchet, B. J. Stocks, G. J. Boer i N. A. McFarlane. "Description of the Canadian Regional Climate Model". W Boreal Forests and Global Change, 477–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0942-2_45.

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Laczko, Frank, i Etienne Piguet. "Regional Perspectives on Migration, the Environment and Climate Change". W People on the Move in a Changing Climate, 1–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6985-4_1.

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Mestre, Olivier, i Henri Caussinus. "A Correction Model for Homogenisation of Long Instrumental Data Series". W Detecting and Modelling Regional Climate Change, 13–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04313-4_2.

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Katragkou, E., I. Gkotovou, S. Kartsios, V. Pavlidis, K. Tsigaridis, M. Trail, L. Nazarenko i T. S. Karacostas. "AUTH Regional Climate Model Contributions to EURO-CORDEX". W Perspectives on Atmospheric Sciences, 741–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35095-0_106.

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Conejo, S., A. Morata i F. Valero. "First Order Markov Chain Model and Rainfall Sequences in several Stations of Spain". W Detecting and Modelling Regional Climate Change, 417–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04313-4_36.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Regional climate mode"

Zhou, Xianmin, Wei Yu, Mahmoud Elsayed, Ridha Al-Abdrabalnabi, Yu-Shu Wu, Sarmad Zafar Khan i Muhammad Shahzad Kamal. "Experimental Study on Supercritical CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery and its Sequestration Potential with Different injection Modes for Carbonate Oil Reservoirs Under Reservoir Conditions". W SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212992-ms.

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Abstract The release of CO2 into the atmosphere has been verified as a significant reason for global warming and climate change. To prevent a large amount of CO2 from being emitted into the atmosphere, its utilization and storage become very important for human survival. Regarding the utilization of CO2 in oil reservoir engineering practice, CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2EOR) as a mature technology has been widely applied in several types of reservoirs, such as sandstone, carbonate, and shale gas/oil reservoirs, and scientists and reservoir engineers aim to improve displacement efficiency with different injection modes and study its influencing factors over the past few decades. However, related to the experimental evaluation of storage capacity potential with the CO2EOR displacement mode and the long-term storage of CO2 in situ in the formation experienced by CO2 flooding is rarely studied experimentally. In this study, we investigated the effect of injection mode and reservoir heterogeneity on CO2EOR and its storage potential. Several core flooding experiments on displacing remaining oil and water by scCO2 after water flooding have been performed, including injection modes, which are horizontal, vertical, and tapered WAG injections, using reservoir carbonate rock, live crude oil, and seawater under reservoir conditions. The dual-core core flooding experiment was used to study the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on scCO2 storage capacity. As a result of this study, the previously proposed experimental methodology was used to calculate the scCO2 storage capacity, which involved that the scCO2 dissolves into residual water and oil after scCO2 injection, and evaluate the CO2 storage capacity efficiency for different injection modes. The vertical-continuous injection mode of scCO2 flooding can maximize the process of its storage advantage. This study found that the main scCO2 storage mechanism is mainly pore storage (structural trapping) for depleted oil reservoirs. Based on experimental results, the storage efficiency is related permeability of rocks, which expresses the logarithmic relation and increases with an increase in air permeability. The experimental results show that the scCO2 injectivity is not strongly affected, although the relative permeability to scCO2 decreased somewhat after the scCO2EOR process. In addition, the effect of rock heterogeneity on scCO2 storage efficiency is also discussed. The highlights of this study are that the comparison of the scCO2 storage potential was made based on experimental results of different injection modes, and improving the displacement efficiency in the low permeable zone also increases scCO2 storage efficiency. Furthermore, the experimental results can be applied directly to be helpful for the evaluation and strategy of scCO2 storage and can be used to simulate the performance during the injection process of scCO2 storage.

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Sequera, Pedro, Osei Rhone, Jorge E. Gonza´lez, Amanuel T. Ghebreegziabher, Robert Bornstein i Bereket Lebassi. "Impacts of Climate Changes in the Northern Pacific Coast on Related Regional Scale Energy Demands". W ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54708.

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For the past few decades sea surface temperatures across the globe have been increasing, causing changes in the global and regional climates. The focus of this study is to determine the impacts of these climate changes in coastal California region and possible linkages to energy infrastructure. The specific goal of this study is to determine the changes in cooling degree days (CDD) for the Northern Pacific Coast of the U.S., with emphasis on the California region for the years 1970 to 2007. Daily, monthly and annual temperature trends in months May, June, July, August and September are used to complement this analysis. Temperature data from more than 300 surface weather stations were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The work follows recent findings by the authors where the decreasing of maximum summer temperatures in two coastal air basins of California was attributed to the increase in sea breeze flow. This was caused by regional climate changes which led to induced sealand asymmetric warming and referred to as a reverse-reaction of global warming. This study aims to analyze temperature trends along the entire North Pacific Coast and over time, showing how it relates in the same temporal and spatial scales to changes in CDD. Finally, the study explores the possible correlations of decadal trends of CDD with actual summer peak electric utility data demonstrating how regional climate changes are affecting regional energy demands.

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Croce, Pietro, Paolo Formichi, Filippo Landi i Francesca Marsili. "Evaluating the effect of climate change on snow load on structures". W IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0666.

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<p>As consequence of global warming extreme weather events might become more frequent and severe across the globe. The evaluation of the impact of climate change on extremes is then a crucial issue for the resilience of infrastructures and buildings and is a key challenge for adaptation planning. In this paper, a suitable procedure for the estimation of future trends of climatic actions is presented starting from the output of regional climate models and taking into account the uncertainty in the model itself. In particular, the influence of climate change on ground snow loads is discussed in detail and the typical uncertainty range is determined applying an innovative algorithm for weather generation. Considering different greenhouse gasses emission scenarios, some results are presented for the Italian Mediterranean region proving the ability of the method to define factors of change for climate extremes also allowing a sound estimate of the uncertainty range associated with different models.</p>

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Cohen, Stuart M., Kristen Averyt, Jordan Macknick i James Meldrum. "Modeling Climate-Water Impacts on Electricity Sector Capacity Expansion". W ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32188.

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Climate change has the potential to exacerbate water availability concerns for thermal power plant cooling, which is responsible for 41% of U.S. water withdrawals. This analysis describes an initial link between climate, water, and electricity systems using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) electricity system capacity expansion model. Average surface water projections from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) data are applied to surface water rights available to new generating capacity in ReEDS, and electric sector growth is compared with and without climate-influenced water rights. The mean climate projection has only a small impact on national or regional capacity growth and water use because most regions have sufficient unappropriated or previously retired water rights to offset climate impacts. Climate impacts are notable in southwestern states, which experience reduced water rights purchases and a greater share of rights acquired from wastewater and other higher-cost water resources. The electric sector climate impacts demonstrated herein establish a methodology to be later exercised with more extreme climate scenarios and a more rigorous representation of legal and physical water availability.

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Shah, Ruchita, Rohit Srivastava i Jigisha Patel. "Modeling the Influence of Different Rainfall Scenarios over Heterogeneous Regions using Regional Climate Model". W 2020 International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Applications (IC3A). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3a48958.2020.233672.

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Nissan, Hannah, Jim Clarke, Shirley Oliveira i Ralf Toumi. "Adapting to Climate Change: A Regional Climate Model Study of the Caucasus". W International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/157430-ms.

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Machar, Ivo, Marián Halás i Zdeněk Opršal. "Regional biogeographical model of vegetation zones in doctoral programme Regional Biography in Olomouc (Case study for Norway spruce)". W 27th edition of the Central European Conference with subtitle (Teaching) of regional geography. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9694-2020-11.

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Regional climate changes impacts induce vegetation zones shift to higher altitudes in temperate landscape. This paper deals with applying of regional biogeography model of climate conditions for vegetation zones in Czechia to doctoral programme Regional Geography in Palacky University Olomouc. The model is based on general knowledge of landscape vegetation zonation. Climate data for model come from predicted validated climate database under RCP8.5 scenario since 2100. Ecological data are included in the Biogeography Register database (geobiocoenological data related to landscape for cadastral areas of the Czech Republic). Mathematical principles of modelling are based on set of software solutions with GIS. Students use the model in the frame of the course “Special Approaches to Landscape Research” not only for regional scenarios climate change impacts in landscape scale, but also for assessment of climate conditions for growing capability of agricultural crops or forest trees under climate change on regional level.

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Hart, Andrew F., Cameron E. Goodale, Chris A. Mattmann, Paul Zimdars, Dan Crichton, Peter Lean, Jinwon Kim i Duane Walise. "A cloud-enabled regional climate model evaluation system". W Proceeding of the 2nd international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1985500.1985508.

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Sailor, David J., i Jesse N. Rosen. "Modeling Regional Climate Impacts of a Proposed Hydroelectric Project". W ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0669.

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Abstract This paper is a preliminary analysis of the potential for atmospheric thermal pollution from a man-made reservoir. The specific site for the study is a proposed hydroelectric project on the Sogamoso River in Colombia, S.A. The region is agricultural with the two staple crops being coffee and cocoa. These two crops are sensitive to both high temperatures and more dramatically to high humidity levels. Farmers from the region are concerned that the construction of the reservoir will negatively impact crop yield. We have used a numerical atmospheric model to simulate weather from the region both without and with the proposed reservoir. Simulations show the magnitude of the impact is too small to be of consequence to crop yield. With these results we draw conclusions about the potential impact of the reservoir on climate. This paper provides a brief introduction to the theory behind the climatic consequences of a large lake. Results are then discussed for two time periods, one during the rainy growing season and one during the dry season. One of the biggest uncertainties in the model boundary conditions arises from the specification of the lake temperature, so the sensitivity of the model to lake temperature is analyzed for one of the study dates. Finally it is shown how a small set of weather simulations are used to draw climatic conclusions.

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Takala, Minna, i Taina Tukiainen. "Anticipatory Innovation Governance Model and Regional Innovation Ecosystems Supporting Sustainable Development". W 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003877.

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Anticipatory innovation governance describes the process of managing and directing innovation efforts in wider context in regional, national, or international innovation ecosystems. In 2022 OECD presented an anticipatory innovation governance model for Finland. Since 2014, European Union has recommended European regions to enhance their development activities based on Smart Specialization. Smart Specialization is a place-based approach characterized by the identification of strategic areas based both on regional strengths and potential of the economy. It aims to enhance prosperity of European regions by accelerating research, development and innovation activities as well as supporting Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP) with wide stakeholder involvement.Both approaches aim for balanced development. The current societal situation cannot be addressed through reactive and conventional governance practices. Societies and regions are facing both challenges and changes that set demand and create opportunity for new ways of working and collaboration. Anticipatory innovation governance model addresses both authorizing environment and agency. It addresses the creation of enabling environment for innovation and introduces supportive mechanism to support anticipatory innovation practices with tools, methods, and information resources. The paper introduces EU’s Mission on Adaptation to Climate Change which focuses on supporting EU regions, cities, and local authorities in their efforts to build resilience against the impacts of climate change. The Mission’s activities aim to test and deploy on the ground innovative solutions needed to build resilience. The Mission’s objective is to accompany at least 150 European regions and communities towards climate resilience by 2030.The paper shares activities of Häme Goes into Ecosystems HGiE –project which aims to enhance sustainable innovation ecosystem development among regional stakeholders and support research, development, innovation and Entrepreneurial Discovery Process activities linking to national and international ecosystems. Häme Portfolio tool is used to support open innovation practices. The goal of this paper is to share early results of the study on how anticipatory innovation governance model, regional innovation ecosystems and portfolio management practices can enhance both innovation and sustainable development as well as adaptation to climate change.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Regional climate mode"

Bossert, J., J. Winterkamp, F. Barnes i J. Roads. A coupled regional climate-biosphere model for climate studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/215878.

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Saravanan, Ramalingam. Modulation of extremes in the Atlantic region by modes of climate variability/change: A mechanistic coupled regional model study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1167117.

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Verburg, Peter H., Žiga Malek, Sean P. Goodwin i Cecilia Zagaria. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: User Guide for the IEEM-enhanced Land Use Land Cover Change Model Dyna-CLUE. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003625.

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The Conversion of Land Use and its Effects modeling framework (CLUE) was developed to simulate land use change using empirically quantified relations between land use and its driving factors in combination with dynamic modeling of competition between land use types. Being one of the most widely used spatial land use models, CLUE has been applied all over the world on different scales. In this document, we demonstrate how the model can be used to develop a multi-regional application. This means, that instead of developing numerous individual models, the user only prepares one CLUE model application, which then allocates land use change across different regions. This facilitates integration with the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform for subnational assessments and increases the efficiency of the IEEM and Ecosystem Services Modeling (IEEMESM) workflow. Multi-regional modelling is particularly useful in larger and diverse countries, where we can expect different spatial distributions in land use changes in different regions: regions of different levels of achieved socio-economic development, regions with different topographies (flat vs. mountainous), or different climatic regions (dry vs humid) within a same country. Accounting for such regional differences also facilitates developing ecosystem services models that consider region specific biophysical characteristics. This manual, and the data that is provided with it, demonstrates multi-regional land use change modeling using the country of Colombia as an example. The user will learn how to prepare the data for the model application, and how the multi-regional run differs from a single-region simulation.

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Avissar, Roni. Improving Cloud and Precipitation Physics in a Seamless Regional-Global Climate Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1137125.

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Russell, H. A. J., i S. K. Frey. Canada One Water: integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.

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Canada 1 Water is a 3-year governmental multi-department-private-sector-academic collaboration to model the groundwater-surface-water of Canada coupled with historic climate and climate scenario input. To address this challenge continental Canada has been allocated to one of 6 large watershed basins of approximately two million km2. The model domains are based on natural watershed boundaries and include approximately 1 million km2 of the United States. In year one (2020-2021) data assembly and validation of some 20 datasets (layers) is the focus of work along with conceptual model development. To support analysis of the entire water balance the modelling framework consists of three distinct components and modelling software. Land Surface modelling with the Community Land Model will support information needed for both the regional climate modelling using the Weather Research & Forecasting model (WRF), and input to HydroGeoSphere for groundwater-surface-water modelling. The inclusion of the transboundary watersheds will provide a first time assessment of water resources in this critical international domain. Modelling is also being integrated with Remote Sensing datasets, notably the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). GRACE supports regional scale watershed analysis of total water flux. GRACE along with terrestrial time-series data will serve provide validation datasets for model results to ensure that the final project outputs are representative and reliable. The project has an active engagement and collaborative effort underway to try and maximize the long-term benefit of the framework. Much of the supporting model datasets will be published under open access licence to support broad usage and integration.

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Gregow, Hilppa, Antti Mäkelä, Heikki Tuomenvirta, Sirkku Juhola, Janina Käyhkö, Adriaan Perrels, Eeva Kuntsi-Reunanen i in. Ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumisen ohjauskeinot, kustannukset ja alueelliset ulottuvuudet. Suomen ilmastopaneeli, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/9789527457047.

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The new EU strategy on adaptation to climate change highlights the urgency of adaptation measures while bringing forth adaptation as vitally important as a response to climate change as mitigation. In order to provide information on how adaptation to climate change has been promoted in Finland and what calls for attention next, we have compiled a comprehensive information package focusing on the following themes: adaptation policy, impacts of climate change including economic impacts, regional adaptation strategies, climate and flood risks in regions and sea areas, and the availability of scientific data. This report consists of two parts. Part 1 of the report examines the work carried out on adaptation in Finland and internationally since 2005, emphasising the directions and priorities of recent research results. The possibilities of adaptation governance are examined through examples, such as how adaptations steering is organised in of the United Kingdom. We also examine other examples and describe the Canadian Climate Change Adaptation Platform (CCAP) model. We apply current information to describe the economic impacts of climate change and highlight the related needs for further information. With regard to regional climate strategy work, we examine the status of adaptation plans by region and the status of the Sámi in national adaptation work. In part 2 of the report, we have collected information on the temporal and local impacts of climate change and compiled extensive tables on changes in weather, climate and marine factors for each of Finland's current regions, the autonomous Åland Islands and five sea areas, the eastern Gulf of Finland, the western Gulf of Finland, the Archipelago Sea, the Bothnian Sea and the Bay of Bothnia. As regards changes in weather and climate factors, the changes already observed in 1991-2020 are examined compared to 1981-2010 and future changes until 2050 are described. For weather and climate factors, we examine average temperature, precipitation, thermal season duration, highest and lowest temperatures per day, the number of frost days, the depth and prevalence of snow, the intensity of heavy rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed, and the amount of frost per season (winter, spring, summer, autumn). Flood risks, i.e. water system floods, run-off water floods and sea water floods, are discussed from the perspective of catchment areas by region. The impacts of floods on the sea in terms of pollution are also assessed by sea area, especially for coastal areas. With regard to marine change factors, we examine surface temperature, salinity, medium water level, sea flood risk, waves, and sea ice. We also describe combined risks towards sea areas. With this report, we demonstrate what is known about climate change adaptation, what is not, and what calls for particular attention. The results can be utilised to strengthen Finland's climate policy so that the implementation of climate change adaptation is strengthened alongside climate change mitigation efforts. In practice, the report serves the reform of the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan and the development of steering measures for adaptation to climate change both nationally and regionally. Due to its scale, the report also serves e.g. the United Nations’ aim of protecting marine life in the Baltic Sea and the national implementation of the EU strategy for adaptation to climate change. As a whole, the implementation of adaptation policy in Finland must be speeded up swiftly in order to achieve the objectives set and ensure sufficient progress in adaptation in different sectors. The development of binding regulation and the systematic evaluation, monitoring and support of voluntary measures play a key role.

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Snyder, M. A., L. M. Kueppers, L. C. Sloan, D. C. Cavan, J. Jin, H. Kanamaru, N. L. Miller, M. Tyree, H. Du i B. Weare. Regional climate effects of irrigation and urbanization in thewestern united states: a model intercomparison. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893610.

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Tobin, Daniel, Maria Janowiak, David Hollinger, Howard Skinner, Christopher Swanston, Rachel Steele, Rama Radhakrishna i Allison Chatrchyan. Northeast and Northern Forests Regional Climate Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, czerwiec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.6965350.ch.

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The northeastern United States is a diverse region containing the seven most densely populated States in the Nation. Agriculture in the Northeast is varied, including vegetable production, ornamentals and fruits, animal production, and field crops. Forests are a dominant land use in the northern parts of the region and in the Appalachian Mountains. Northeast farmers are already experiencing crop damage from extreme precipitation. Wet springs are delaying planting and harvest dates and reducing yields for grain and vegetables. Heavy rain in the Northeast has increased more than any other region in the country.

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NJ Rosenberg i RC Izaurralde: RA Brown. U.S. Regional Agricultural Production in 2030 and 2095: Response to CO2 Fertilization and Hadley Climate Model (HadCM2) Projections of Greenhouse-Forced Climatic Change. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/14790.

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Hagenlocher, Michael, Sanae Okamoto, Nidhi Nagabhatla, Stephan Dietrich, Jonathan Hassel, Sophie van der Heijden, Soenke Kreft i in. Building Climate Resilience: Lessons from the 2021 Floods in Western Europe. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/incs5390.

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In July 2021, the Rhine-Meuse region straddling Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands was affected by devastating floods that have led to the loss of more than 240 lives and damage worth billions of Euros. The event was closely watched by regional agencies that had to organize response and recovery, and also received noticeable global attention. Diverse sets of responses and reflections accumulated among researchers, local and regional governments, local and international media, development organizations, public offices and citizen groups, wherein links to climate change and gaps in our preparedness for unexpected, extreme events were a common element of the discourse. In response to the floods, and in recognition of the cross-border effects of climate change, the United Nations University institutes in Belgium (UNU-CRIS), Germany (UNU-EHS) and the Netherlands (UNU-MERIT) have launched the “UNU Climate Resilience Initiative” with the aim to share knowledge, shape policy and drive action – and ultimately shift the focus from risk to proactive adaptation, innovation and transformation. Within the context of this initiative, researchers from the three institutes have conducted research in the flood affected areas and organized the two-day “Flood Knowledge Summit 2022: From Risks to Resilience”, which took place from 7 to 8 July 2022 in Maastricht, the Netherlands. Complementing existing national initiatives and efforts in the three countries, the event aimed to connect different actors – including affected citizens, first responders, authorities, researchers and civil society – from the region, the European Union (EU) and the Global South to share experiences, engage in dialogue and facilitate learning regarding how to strengthen climate resilience for all. This summit served to map various efforts to understand the data, information, governance and knowledge gaps at national, subnational and regional levels in order to address growing risks of climate change, including how to adapt to not only climate-induced extreme events like floods but also other hazard events, and created a regional momentum to support multidimensional efforts towards building resilience. Drawing on our research and outcomes of the Flood Knowledge Summit 2022, the UNU Climate Resilience Initiative has identified five key areas in which further research and action is needed to tackle climate risks and facilitate pathways towards climate resilience.

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