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Alibardi, Lorenzo. "Regeneration or Scarring Derive from Specific Evolutionary Environmental Adaptations of the Life Cycles in Different Animals". Biology 12, nr 5 (17.05.2023): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12050733.
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The ability to heal or even regenerate large injuries in different animals derives from the evolution of their specific life cycles during geological times. The present, new hypothesis tries to explain the distribution of organ regeneration among animals. Only invertebrates and vertebrates that include larval and intense metamorphic transformations can broadly regenerate as adults. Basically, regeneration competent animals are aquatic while terrestrial species have largely or completely lost most of the regeneration ability. Although genomes of terrestrial species still contain numerous genes that in aquatic species allow a broad regeneration (“regenerative genes”), the evolution of terrestrial species has variably modified the genetic networks linking these genes to the others that evolved during land adaptation, resulting in the inhibition of regeneration. Loss of regeneration took place by the elimination of intermediate larval phases and metamorphic transformations in the life cycles of land invertebrates and vertebrates. Once the evolution along a specific lineage generated species that could no longer regenerate, this outcome could not change anymore. It is therefore likely that what we learn from regenerative species will explain their mechanisms of regeneration but cannot or only partly be applied to non-regenerative species. Attempts to introduce “regenerative genes” in non-regenerative species most likely would disorder the entire genetic networks of the latter, determining death, teratomas and cancer. This awareness indicates the difficulty to introduce regenerative genes and their activation pathways in species that evolved genetic networks suppressing organ regeneration. Organ regeneration in non-regenerating animals such as humans should move to bio-engineering interventions in addition to “localized regenerative gene therapies” in order to replace lost tissues or organs.
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Esdaille, Caldon J., Kenyatta S. Washington i Cato T. Laurencin. "Regenerative engineering: a review of recent advances and future directions". Regenerative Medicine 16, nr 5 (maj 2021): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2021-0016.
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Regenerative engineering is defined as the convergence of the disciplines of advanced material science, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues and organ systems. It is an expansion of tissue engineering, which was first developed as a method of repair and restoration of human tissue. In the past three decades, advances in regenerative engineering have made it possible to treat a variety of clinical challenges by utilizing cutting-edge technology currently available to harness the body’s healing and regenerative abilities. The emergence of new information in developmental biology, stem cell science, advanced material science and nanotechnology have provided promising concepts and approaches to regenerate complex tissues and structures.
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Laurencin, Cato, i Naveen Nagiah. "Regenerative Engineering-The Convergence Quest". MRS Advances 3, nr 30 (2018): 1665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.56.
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ABSTRACTWe define Regenerative Engineering as a Convergence of Advanced Materials Science, Stem Cell Science, Physics, Developmental Biology, and Clinical Translation. We believe that an “un-siloed’ technology approach will be important in the future to realize grand challenges such as limb and organ regeneration. We also believe that biomaterials will play a key role in achieving overall translational goals. Through convergence of a number of technologies, with advanced materials science playing an important role, we believe the prospect of engaging future grand challenges is possible. Regenerative Engineering as a field is particularly suited for solving clinical problems that are relevant today. The paradigms utilized can be applied to the regeneration of tissue in the shoulder where tendon and muscle currently have low levels of regenerative capability, and the consequences, especially in alternative surgical solutions for massive tendon and muscle loss at the shoulder have demonstrated significant morbidity. Polymer, polymer-cell, and polymer biological factor, and polymer-physical systems can be utilized to propose a range of solutions to shoulder tissue regeneration. The approaches, possibilities, limitations and future strategies, allow for a variety of clinical solutions in musculoskeletal disease treatment.
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Li, Yan, Lungen Lu i Xiaobo Cai. "Liver Regeneration and Cell Transplantation for End-Stage Liver Disease". Biomolecules 11, nr 12 (20.12.2021): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11121907.
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Liver transplantation is the only curative option for end-stage liver disease; however, the limitations of liver transplantation require further research into other alternatives. Considering that liver regeneration is prevalent in liver injury settings, regenerative medicine is suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for end-stage liver disease. Upon the source of regenerating hepatocytes, liver regeneration could be divided into two categories: hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration (typical regeneration) and liver progenitor cell-driven liver regeneration (alternative regeneration). Due to the massive loss of hepatocytes, the alternative regeneration plays a vital role in end-stage liver disease. Advances in knowledge of liver regeneration and tissue engineering have accelerated the progress of regenerative medicine strategies for end-stage liver disease. In this article, we generally reviewed the recent findings and current knowledge of liver regeneration, mainly regarding aspects of the histological basis of regeneration, histogenesis and mechanisms of hepatocytes’ regeneration. In addition, this review provides an update on the regenerative medicine strategies for end-stage liver disease. We conclude that regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic strategy for end-stage liver disease. However, further studies are still required.
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Laurencin, C. T., i Y. Khan. "Regenerative Engineering". Science Translational Medicine 4, nr 160 (14.11.2012): 160ed9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3004467.
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Wu, David T., Jose G. Munguia-Lopez, Ye Won Cho, Xiaolu Ma, Vivian Song, Zhiyue Zhu i Simon D. Tran. "Polymeric Scaffolds for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Regenerative Medicine". Molecules 26, nr 22 (22.11.2021): 7043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26227043.
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Dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) regenerative medicine aims to repair or regenerate DOC tissues including teeth, dental pulp, periodontal tissues, salivary gland, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), hard (bone, cartilage), and soft (muscle, nerve, skin) tissues of the craniofacial complex. Polymeric materials have a broad range of applications in biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine functioning as tissue engineering scaffolds, carriers for cell-based therapies, and biomedical devices for delivery of drugs and biologics. The focus of this review is to discuss the properties and clinical indications of polymeric scaffold materials and extracellular matrix technologies for DOC regenerative medicine. More specifically, this review outlines the key properties, advantages and drawbacks of natural polymers including alginate, cellulose, chitosan, silk, collagen, gelatin, fibrin, laminin, decellularized extracellular matrix, and hyaluronic acid, as well as synthetic polymers including polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), and Zwitterionic polymers. This review highlights key clinical applications of polymeric scaffolding materials to repair and/or regenerate various DOC tissues. Particularly, polymeric materials used in clinical procedures are discussed including alveolar ridge preservation, vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation, maxillary sinus augmentation, TMJ reconstruction, periodontal regeneration, periodontal/peri-implant plastic surgery, regenerative endodontics. In addition, polymeric scaffolds application in whole tooth and salivary gland regeneration are discussed.
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Hosseini, F. S., L. S. Nair i C. T. Laurencin. "Inductive Materials for Regenerative Engineering". Journal of Dental Research 100, nr 10 (27.04.2021): 1011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345211010436.
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Regenerative engineering has pioneered several novel biomaterials to treat critical-sized bone injuries. However, despite significant improvement in synthetic materials research, some limitations still exist. The constraints correlated with the current grafting methods signify a treatment paradigm shift to osteoinductive regenerative engineering approaches. Because of their intrinsic potential, inductive biomaterials may represent alternative approaches to treating critical bone injuries. Osteoinductive scaffolds stimulate stem cell differentiation into the osteoblastic lineage, enhancing bone regeneration. Inductive biomaterials comprise polymers, calcium phosphate ceramics, metals, and graphene family materials. This review will assess the cellular behavior toward properties of inductive materials.
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Dzobo, Kevin, Nicholas Ekow Thomford, Dimakatso Alice Senthebane, Hendrina Shipanga, Arielle Rowe, Collet Dandara, Michael Pillay i Keolebogile Shirley Caroline M. Motaung. "Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Innovation and Transformation of Medicine". Stem Cells International 2018 (30.07.2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2495848.
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Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele amphibians commonly referred to as salamanders. Globally, millions of people would benefit immensely if tissues and organs can be replaced on demand. Traditionally, transplantation of intact tissues and organs has been the bedrock to replace damaged and diseased parts of the body. The sole reliance on transplantation has created a waiting list of people requiring donated tissues and organs, and generally, supply cannot meet the demand. The total cost to society in terms of caring for patients with failing organs and debilitating diseases is enormous. Scientists and clinicians, motivated by the need to develop safe and reliable sources of tissues and organs, have been improving therapies and technologies that can regenerate tissues and in some cases create new tissues altogether. Tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine are fields of life science employing both engineering and biological principles to create new tissues and organs and to promote the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Major advances and innovations are being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and have a huge impact on three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting) of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting holds great promise for artificial tissue and organ bioprinting, thereby revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine. This review discusses how recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can improve 3D bioprinting and vice versa. Several challenges must be overcome in the application of 3D bioprinting before this disruptive technology is widely used to create organotypic constructs for regenerative medicine.
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Laurencin, Cato T., i Roshan James. "Composites and Structures for Regenerative Engineering". MRS Proceedings 1621 (2014): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.4.
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ABSTRACTRegenerative engineering was conceptualized by bridging the lessons learned in developmental biology and stem cell science with biomaterial constructs and engineering principles to ultimately generate de novo tissue. We seek to incorporate our understanding of natural tissue development to design tissue-inducing biomaterials, structures and composites than can stimulate the regeneration of complex tissues, organs, and organ systems through location-specific topographies and physico-chemical cues incorporated into a continuous phase. This combination of classical top-down tissue engineering approach with bottom-up strategies used in regenerative biology represents a new multidisciplinary paradigm. Advanced surface topographies and material scales are used to control cell fate and the consequent regenerative capacity.Musculoskeletal tissues are critical to the normal functioning of an individual and following damage or degeneration they show extremely limited endogenous regenerative capacity. The increasing demand for biologically compatible donor tissue and organ transplants far outstrips the availability leading to an acute shortage. We have developed several biomimetic structures using various biomaterial platforms to combine optimal mechanical properties, porosity, bioactivity, and functionality to effect repair and regeneration of hard tissues such as bone, and soft tissues such as ligament and tendon. Starting with simple structures, we have developed composite and multi-scale systems that very closely mimic the native tissue architecture and material composition. Ultimately, we aim to modulate the regenerative potential, including proliferation, phenotype maturation, matrix production, and apoptosis through cell-scaffold and host –scaffold interactions developing complex tissues and organ systems.
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McInnes, Adam D., Michael A. J. Moser i Xiongbiao Chen. "Preparation and Use of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering". Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, nr 4 (14.11.2022): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040240.
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The multidisciplinary fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have the potential to revolutionize the practise of medicine through the abilities to repair, regenerate, or replace tissues and organs with functional engineered constructs. To this end, tissue engineering combines scaffolding materials with cells and biologically active molecules into constructs with the appropriate structures and properties for tissue/organ regeneration, where scaffolding materials and biomolecules are the keys to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For this, one emerging way is to decellularize the native ECM into the materials suitable for, directly or in combination with other materials, creating functional constructs. Over the past decade, decellularized ECM (or dECM) has greatly facilitated the advance of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, while being challenged in many ways. This article reviews the recent development of dECM for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with a focus on the preparation of dECM along with its influence on cell culture, the modification of dECM for use as a scaffolding material, and the novel techniques and emerging trends in processing dECM into functional constructs. We highlight the success of dECM and constructs in the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical applications and further identify the key issues and challenges involved, along with a discussion of future research directions.
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Castillo, Valentina, Pamela Díaz-Astudillo, Rocío Corrales-Orovio, Sebastián San Martín i José Tomás Egaña. "Comprehensive Characterization of Tissues Derived from Animals at Different Regenerative Stages: A Comparative Analysis between Fetal and Adult Mouse Skin". Cells 12, nr 9 (22.04.2023): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12091215.
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Tissue regeneration capabilities vary significantly throughout an organism’s lifespan. For example, mammals can fully regenerate until they reach specific developmental stages, after which they can only repair the tissue without restoring its original architecture and function. The high regenerative potential of fetal stages has been attributed to various factors, such as stem cells, the immune system, specific growth factors, and the presence of extracellular matrix molecules upon damage. To better understand the local differences between regenerative and reparative tissues, we conducted a comparative analysis of skin derived from mice at regenerative and reparative stages. Our findings show that both types of skin differ in their molecular composition, structure, and functionality. We observed a significant increase in cellular density, nucleic acid content, neutral lipid density, Collagen III, and glycosaminoglycans in regenerative skin compared with reparative skin. Additionally, regenerative skin had significantly higher porosity, metabolic activity, water absorption capacity, and elasticity than reparative skin. Finally, our results also revealed significant differences in lipid distribution, extracellular matrix pore size, and proteoglycans between the two groups. This study provides comprehensive data on the molecular and structural clues that enable full tissue regeneration in fetal stages, which could aid in developing new biomaterials and strategies for tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Maganur, Prabhadevi. "Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy". TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 10, nr 2 (28.04.2023): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.10.02.art007.
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Stem cells, also known as progenitor/precursor cells, have the unique trait of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. Dental stem cells (DSCs) are holding a pivotal role during recent times as they thrive as the cornerstone for the development of cell transplantation therapies that correct periodontal disorders and damaged dentin. DSCs are used therapeutically for different organ systems and numerous diseases, including neurological disorders, diabetes, liver disease, bone tissue engineering, and dentistry. In dentistry, the focus is on predominantly regenerating the pulp and damaged dentin, repairing perforations, and periodontal regenerations. Above all, whole tooth regeneration has been constantly under research. The next decade could be a crucial junction where huge leaps in stem cell-based regenerative therapies could become a reality with successful tissue engineering therapies this could be a biological alternative to synthetic materials that are in use currently. But dental stem cells have their share of challenges for which the research must happen effectively adhering to social responsibilities at all levels. Keywords: Stem cells, Regeneration, Regenerative therapy, SHED.
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Prasad Shastri, V., i Andreas Lendlein. "Engineering Materials for Regenerative Medicine". MRS Bulletin 35, nr 8 (sierpień 2010): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.524.
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AbstractThe mammalian physiology represents a level of sophistication in materials design, assembly, and function that has yet to be replicated by the modern tools of materials science. Although, the building blocks of our body (pluripotent stem and progenitor cells) are still available within our tissues, the absence of the biological and structural cues that drove the development process early on, in an adult, limits our ability to regenerate after an injury. The goal of regenerative medicine is therefore to recapitulate embryonic events within an artificially defined materials space (i.e., the niche) so that the repair processes can be triggered using our reservoir of stem cells. This engineering of the regenerative niche will require an interdisciplinary exercise involving materials scientists, biologists, and clinicians. The success of this exercise will hinge on our ability to develop materials that incorporate principles of wound healing, lessons from immunology and developmental biology, and knowledge of cellular mechanics and molecular biology such that they can mimic the cellular environment, instruct cells to make fate decisions, and direct the hierarchical organization of tissues. This article presents the current state of this challenge in the implementation of regenerative therapies.
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James, Roshan, i Cato T. Laurencin. "Musculoskeletal Regenerative Engineering: Biomaterials, Structures, and Small Molecules". Advances in Biomaterials 2014 (24.06.2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/123070.
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Musculoskeletal tissues are critical to the normal functioning of an individual and following damage or degeneration they show extremely limited endogenous regenerative capacity. The future of regenerative medicine is the combination of advanced biomaterials, structures, and cues to re-engineer/guide stem cells to yield the desired organ cells and tissues. Tissue engineering strategies were ideally suited to repair damaged tissues; however, the substitution and regeneration of large tissue volumes and multi-level tissues such as complex organ systems integrated into a single phase require more than optimal combinations of biomaterials and biologics. We highlight bioinspired advancements leading to novel regenerative scaffolds especially for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. Tissue and organ regeneration relies on the spatial and temporal control of biophysical and biochemical cues, including soluble molecules, cell-cell contacts, cell-extracellular matrix contacts, and physical forces. Strategies that recapitulate the complexity of the local microenvironment of the tissue and the stem cell niche play a crucial role in regulating cell self-renewal and differentiation. Biomaterials and scaffolds based on biomimicry of the native tissue will enable convergence of the advances in materials science, the advances in stem cell science, and our understanding of developmental biology.
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James, Roshan, Matthew D. Harmon, Sangamesh G. Kumbar i Cato T. Laurencin. "INNOVATIVE REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOFT TISSUE REGENERATION". Technology & Innovation 16, nr 3 (17.12.2014): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/194982414x14138187301579.
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Filipczak, Nina, Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty, Xiang Li, Muhammad Muzamil Khan, Farzana Parveen i Vladimir Torchilin. "Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Regenerative Medicine". Materials 14, nr 18 (17.09.2021): 5371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185371.
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The most important goal of regenerative medicine is to repair, restore, and regenerate tissues and organs that have been damaged as a result of an injury, congenital defect or disease, as well as reversing the aging process of the body by utilizing its natural healing potential. Regenerative medicine utilizes products of cell therapy, as well as biomedical or tissue engineering, and is a huge field for development. In regenerative medicine, stem cells and growth factor are mainly used; thus, innovative drug delivery technologies are being studied for improved delivery. Drug delivery systems offer the protection of therapeutic proteins and peptides against proteolytic degradation where controlled delivery is achievable. Similarly, the delivery systems in combination with stem cells offer improvement of cell survival, differentiation, and engraftment. The present review summarizes the significance of biomaterials in tissue engineering and the importance of colloidal drug delivery systems in providing cells with a local environment that enables them to proliferate and differentiate efficiently, resulting in successful tissue regeneration.
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Echternacht, Scott R., Miranda A. Chacon i Jonathan I. Leckenby. "Central versus peripheral nervous system regeneration: is there an exception for cranial nerves?" Regenerative Medicine 16, nr 6 (czerwiec 2021): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2020-0096.
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There exists a dichotomy in regenerative capacity between the PNS and CNS, which poses the question – where do cranial nerves fall? Through the discussion of the various cells and processes involved in axonal regeneration, we will evaluate whether the assumption that cranial nerve regeneration is analogous to peripheral nerve regeneration is valid. It is evident from this review that much remains to be clarified regarding both PNS and CNS regeneration. Furthermore, it is not clear if cranial nerves follow the PNS model, CNS model or possess an alternative novel regenerative process altogether. Future research should continue to focus on elucidating how cranial nerves regenerate; and the various cellular interactions, molecules and pathways involved.
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Yahya, Esam Bashir, A. A. Amirul, Abdul Khalil H.P.S., Niyi Gideon Olaiya, Muhammad Omer Iqbal, Fauziah Jummaat, Atty Sofea A.K. i A. S. Adnan. "Insights into the Role of Biopolymer Aerogel Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine". Polymers 13, nr 10 (17.05.2021): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101612.
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The global transplantation market size was valued at USD 8.4 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 11.5% over the forecast period. The increasing demand for tissue transplantation has inspired researchers to find alternative approaches for making artificial tissues and organs function. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of biopolymers and the attractive structural characteristics of aerogels such as extremely high porosity, ultra low-density, and high surface area make combining these materials of great interest in tissue scaffolding and regenerative medicine applications. Numerous biopolymer aerogel scaffolds have been used to regenerate skin, cartilage, bone, and even heart valves and blood vessels by growing desired cells together with the growth factor in tissue engineering scaffolds. This review focuses on the principle of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and the role of biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in this field, going through the properties and the desirable characteristics of biopolymers and biopolymer tissue scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. The recent advances of using biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in the regeneration of skin, cartilage, bone, and heart valves are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we highlight the main challenges of biopolymer-based scaffolds and the prospects of using these materials in regenerative medicine.
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Delpierre, Alexis, Guillaume Savard, Matthieu Renaud i Gael Y. Rochefort. "Tissue Engineering Strategies Applied in Bone Regeneration and Bone Repair". Bioengineering 10, nr 6 (25.05.2023): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060644.
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Saini, Gia, Nicole Segaran, Joseph L. Mayer, Aman Saini, Hassan Albadawi i Rahmi Oklu. "Applications of 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, nr 21 (26.10.2021): 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214966.
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Regenerative medicine is an emerging field that centers on the restoration and regeneration of functional components of damaged tissue. Tissue engineering is an application of regenerative medicine and seeks to create functional tissue components and whole organs. Using 3D printing technologies, native tissue mimics can be created utilizing biomaterials and living cells. Recently, regenerative medicine has begun to employ 3D bioprinting methods to create highly specialized tissue models to improve upon conventional tissue engineering methods. Here, we review the use of 3D bioprinting in the advancement of tissue engineering by describing the process of 3D bioprinting and its advantages over other tissue engineering methods. Materials and techniques in bioprinting are also reviewed, in addition to future clinical applications, challenges, and future directions of the field.
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Rodríguez-Vázquez, Martin, Brenda Vega-Ruiz, Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga, Daniel Alexander Saldaña-Koppel i Luis Fernando Quiñones-Olvera. "Chitosan and Its Potential Use as a Scaffold for Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine". BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/821279.
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Tissue engineering is an important therapeutic strategy to be used in regenerative medicine in the present and in the future. Functional biomaterials research is focused on the development and improvement of scaffolding, which can be used to repair or regenerate an organ or tissue. Scaffolds are one of the crucial factors for tissue engineering. Scaffolds consisting of natural polymers have recently been developed more quickly and have gained more popularity. These include chitosan, a copolymer derived from the alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Expectations for use of these scaffolds are increasing as the knowledge regarding their chemical and biological properties expands, and new biomedical applications are investigated. Due to their different biological properties such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive, they have given the pattern for use in tissue engineering for repair and/or regeneration of different tissues including skin, bone, cartilage, nerves, liver, and muscle. In this review, we focus on the intrinsic properties offered by chitosan and its use in tissue engineering, considering it as a promising alternative for regenerative medicine as a bioactive polymer.
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Anand, Manish, Manish Bhagania i Kiranmeet Kaur. "Tissue engineering in plastic and reconstructive surgery: fostering advances in the 21st century via an understanding of the present state of the art and future possibilities". Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 29, nr 2 (30.04.2023): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14730/aaps.2022.00710.
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Tissue engineering is a subfield of regenerative medicine that has been hailed as the most cutting-edge medical and surgical achievement to date. Tissue engineering aims to restore or construct whole tissues that have been lost due to congenital disabilities, trauma, or surgery. Tissue engineering is based on the premise of obtaining mesenchymal stem cells that can be used to create an embryologically comparable organ. To regenerate an organ that resembles the intended tissue to be replaced, a complex synergistic interplay between stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffold, is required. Tissue engineering in plastic surgery is expected to reduce surgical morbidity by integrating cell signals or bio-artificial components taken from the patient’s cells, which may replace damaged bodily tissue without the need for extensive reconstructive surgery. With the advent of 3-dimensional printers for modeling scaffolds and current tissue engineering methods for the regeneration of muscle, bone, and cartilage in the laboratory, the scope of tissue engineering is no longer confined to cells and scaffolds, but also encompasses growth factors and cytokines. Although these methods seem promising, clinical success has been limited to essential tissue regeneration, with considerable difficulties remaining to overcome. This paper aims to introduce readers to tissue engineering’s existing breadth, regeneration processes, limits, and prospects.
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Seth, B., i W. C. Flowers. "Generalized Actuator Concept for the Study of the Efficiency of Energetic Systems". Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, nr 2 (1.06.1990): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896130.
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Energy efficiency is an important consideration for the success of many portable as well as other energetic systems. One way to improve the efficiency of an engineering system is through regeneration. A regenerative actuator returns some of the otherwise dissipated energy required for passive operation. A regenerative actuator can plow back part of energy normally lost in the passive operation of the actuator into useful energy. The amount of regenerated energy will depend on the dissipation characteristics of the actuator and the regenerative potential of the process itself. In order to analyze regeneration a bond graph model of a generalized regenerative actuator is developed. The regenerative potential is analyzed in the power phase plane trajectory. By superimposing such a trajectory with the dissipation characteristics of the actuator, a framework is developed to study the feasibility of regeneration. A possible way of optimizing the regenerated energy is also considered in some depth.
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Mao, Angelo S., i David J. Mooney. "Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, nr 47 (24.11.2015): 14452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508520112.
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Organ and tissue loss through disease and injury motivate the development of therapies that can regenerate tissues and decrease reliance on transplantations. Regenerative medicine, an interdisciplinary field that applies engineering and life science principles to promote regeneration, can potentially restore diseased and injured tissues and whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, a number of regenerative medicine therapies, including those designed for wound healing and orthopedics applications, have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and are now commercially available. These therapies and other regenerative medicine approaches currently being studied in preclinical and clinical settings will be covered in this review. Specifically, developments in fabricating sophisticated grafts and tissue mimics and technologies for integrating grafts with host vasculature will be discussed. Enhancing the intrinsic regenerative capacity of the host by altering its environment, whether with cell injections or immune modulation, will be addressed, as well as methods for exploiting recently developed cell sources. Finally, we propose directions for current and future regenerative medicine therapies.
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Ribitsch, Iris, Gil Lola Oreff i Florien Jenner. "Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases". Animals 11, nr 1 (19.01.2021): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010234.
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Musculoskeletal injuries and chronic degenerative diseases commonly affect both athletic and sedentary horses and can entail the end of their athletic careers. The ensuing repair processes frequently do not yield fully functional regeneration of the injured tissues but biomechanically inferior scar or replacement tissue, causing high reinjury rates, degenerative disease progression and chronic morbidity. Regenerative medicine is an emerging, rapidly evolving branch of translational medicine that aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. It includes tissue engineering but also cell-based and cell-free stimulation of endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Some regenerative medicine therapies have made their way into equine clinical practice mainly to treat tendon injures, tendinopathies, cartilage injuries and degenerative joint disorders with promising results. However, the qualitative and quantitative spatiotemporal requirements for specific bioactive factors to trigger tissue regeneration in the injury response are still unknown, and consequently, therapeutic approaches and treatment results are diverse. To exploit the full potential of this burgeoning field of medicine, further research will be required and is ongoing. This review summarises the current knowledge of commonly used regenerative medicine treatments in equine patients and critically discusses their use.
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Sardelli, L., DP Pacheco, L. Zorzetto, C. Rinoldi, W. Święszkowski i P. Petrini. "Engineering biological gradients". Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 17, nr 1 (styczeń 2019): 228080001982902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800019829023.
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Biological gradients profoundly influence many cellular activities, such as adhesion, migration, and differentiation, which are the key to biological processes, such as inflammation, remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Thus, engineered structures containing bioinspired gradients can not only support a better understanding of these phenomena, but also guide and improve the current limits of regenerative medicine. In this review, we outline the challenges behind the engineering of devices containing chemical-physical and biomolecular gradients, classifying them according to gradient-making methods and the finalities of the systems. Different manufacturing processes can generate gradients in either in-vitro systems or scaffolds, which are suitable tools for the study of cellular behavior and for regenerative medicine; within these, rapid prototyping techniques may have a huge impact on the controlled production of gradients. The parallel need to develop characterization techniques is addressed, underlining advantages and weaknesses in the analysis of both chemical and physical gradients.
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Hao, Dake, Juan-Maria Lopez, Jianing Chen, Alexandra Maria Iavorovschi, Nora Marlene Lelivelt i Aijun Wang. "Engineering Extracellular Microenvironment for Tissue Regeneration". Bioengineering 9, nr 5 (8.05.2022): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9050202.
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The extracellular microenvironment is a highly dynamic network of biophysical and biochemical elements, which surrounds cells and transmits molecular signals. Extracellular microenvironment controls are of crucial importance for the ability to direct cell behavior and tissue regeneration. In this review, we focus on the different components of the extracellular microenvironment, such as extracellular matrix (ECM), extracellular vesicles (EVs) and growth factors (GFs), and introduce engineering approaches for these components, which can be used to achieve a higher degree of control over cellular activities and behaviors for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we review the technologies established to engineer native-mimicking artificial components of the extracellular microenvironment for improved regenerative applications. This review presents a thorough analysis of the current research in extracellular microenvironment engineering and monitoring, which will facilitate the development of innovative tissue engineering strategies by utilizing different components of the extracellular microenvironment for regenerative medicine in the future.
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Cahaya, Cindy, i Sri Lelyati C. Masulili. "Perkembangan Terkini Membran Guided Tissue Regeneration/Guided Bone Regeneration sebagai Terapi Regenerasi Jaringan Periodontal". Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 1, nr 1 (1.06.2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.8810.
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Periodontitis adalah salah satu penyakit patologis yang mempengaruhi integritas sistem periodontal yang menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan periodontal yang berlanjut pada kehilangan gigi. Beberapa tahun belakangan ini banyak ketertarikan untuk melakukan usaha regenerasi jaringan periodontal, tidak saja untuk menghentikan proses perjalanan penyakit namun juga mengembalikan jaringan periodontal yang telah hilang. Sasaran dari terapi regeneratif periodontal adalah menggantikan tulang, sementum dan ligamentum periodontal pada permukaan gigi yang terkena penyakit. Prosedur regenerasi antara lain berupa soft tissue graft, bone graft, biomodifikasi akar gigi, guided tissue regeneration sertakombinasi prosedur-prosedur di atas, termasuk prosedur bedah restoratif yang berhubungan dengan rehabilitasi oral dengan penempatan dental implan. Pada tingkat selular, regenerasi periodontal adalah proses kompleks yang membutuhkan proliferasi yang terorganisasi, differensiasi dan pengembangan berbagai tipe sel untuk membentuk perlekatan periodontal. Rasionalisasi penggunaan guided tissue regeneration sebagai membran pembatas adalah menahan epitel dan gingiva jaringan pendukung, sebagai barrier membrane mempertahankan ruang dan gigi serta menstabilkan bekuan darah. Pada makalah ini akan dibahas sekilas mengenai 1. Proses penyembuhan terapi periodontal meliputi regenerasi, repair ataupun pembentukan perlekatan baru. 2. Periodontal spesific tissue engineering. 3. Berbagai jenis membran/guided tissue regeneration yang beredar di pasaran dengan keuntungan dan kerugian sekaligus karakteristik masing-masing membran. 4. Perkembangan membran terbaru sebagai terapi regenerasi penyakit periodontal. Tujuan penulisan untuk memberi gambaran masa depan mengenai terapi regenerasi yang menjanjikan sebagai perkembangan terapi penyakit periodontal. Latest Development of Guided Tissue Regeneration and Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane as Regenerative Therapy on Periodontal Tissue. Periodontitis is a patological state which influences the integrity of periodontal system that could lead to the destruction of the periodontal tissue and end up with tooth loss. Currently, there are so many researches and efforts to regenerate periodontal tissue, not only to stop the process of the disease but also to reconstruct the periodontal tissue. Periodontal regenerative therapy aims at directing the growth of new bone, cementum and periodontal ligament on the affected teeth. Regenerative procedures consist of soft tissue graft, bone graft, roots biomodification, guided tissue regeneration and combination of the procedures, including restorative surgical procedure that is connected with oral rehabilitation with implant placement. At cellular phase, periodontal regeneration is a complex process with well-organized proliferation, distinction, and development of various type of cell to form attachment of periodontal tissue. Rationalization of the use of guided tissue regeneration as barrier membrane is to prohibit the penetration of epithelial and connective tissue migration into the defect, to maintain space, and to stabilize the clot. This research discusses: 1. Healing process on periodontal therapy including regeneration, repair or formation of new attachment. 2. Periodontal specific tissue engineering. 3. Various commercially available membrane/guided tissue regeneration in the market with its advantages and disadvantages and their characteristics. 4. Recent advancement of membrane as regenerative therapy on periodontal disease. In addition, this review is presented to give an outlook for promising regenerative therapy as a part of developing knowledge and skills to treat periodontal disease.
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Ahmed, Geraldine M., Eman A. Abouauf, Nermeen AbuBakr, Christof E. Dörfer i Karim Fawzy El-Sayed. "Tissue Engineering Approaches for Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp Regeneration: An Update". Stem Cells International 2020 (25.02.2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5734539.
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Stem/progenitor cells are undifferentiated cells characterized by their exclusive ability for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. In recent years, researchers and investigations explored the prospect of employing stem/progenitor cell therapy in regenerative medicine, especially stem/progenitor cells originating from the oral tissues. In this context, the regeneration of the lost dental tissues including enamel, dentin, and the dental pulp are pivotal targets for stem/progenitor cell therapy. The present review elaborates on the different sources of stem/progenitor cells and their potential clinical applications to regenerate enamel, dentin, and the dental pulpal tissues.
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Sun, Dongsheng, Junzhi Zhang, Chengkun He i Jinheng Han. "Dual-mode regenerative braking control strategy of electric vehicle based on active disturbance rejection control". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, nr 6 (17.01.2021): 1483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020985642.
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The traditional regenerative braking control strategy usually uses the torque control mode and does not perform closed-loop control on the charging current, when the vehicle needs to be charged with a small current, the regenerative braking system cannot work effectively. The dual-mode regenerative braking control strategy proposed in this paper unifies the closed-loop control of regenerative current and the closed-loop control of regenerative torque. Especially when the battery is in a state of high charge or the temperature of the battery is too high or too low, this strategy can ensure charging safety, regeneration efficiency, and ride comfort. In the current closed-loop control mode, this proposal uses the ADRC controller to dynamically adjust the motor torque to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the regenerative current. This method does not need to change the original vector control frame of the motor, which is convenient for engineering applications. The designed regenerative control strategy is verified through typical braking simulation. Bench tests are carried out and the results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed strategy. Based on the realization of the safety of charging and the vehicle ride comfort, the proposed regenerative braking control strategy can achieve higher regeneration efficiency under the dynamical limitation of battery charging current, which further expands the operating range of the regenerative braking system.
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Silini, Antonietta R., Marta Magatti, Anna Cargnoni i Ornella Parolini. "Is Immune Modulation the Mechanism Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Amniotic Cells and Their Derivatives in Regenerative Medicine?" Cell Transplantation 26, nr 4 (kwiecień 2017): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x693699.
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Regenerative medicine aims to repair and regenerate damaged cells, tissues, and organs in order to restore function. Regeneration can be obtained either by cell replacement or by stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms. Importantly, a favorable environment is required before any regenerative signal can stimulate resident stem/stromal cells, and regeneration is possible only after the resolution of injury-induced inflammation. An exacerbated immune response is often present in cases of degenerative, inflammatory-based diseases. Here we discuss how amniotic membrane cells, and their derivatives, can contribute to the resolution of many diseases with altered immune response by acting on different inflammatory mediators.
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Shabbirahmed, Asma Musfira, Rajkumar Sekar, Levin Anbu Gomez, Medidi Raja Sekhar, Samson Prince Hiruthyaswamy, Nagaraj Basavegowda i Prathap Somu. "Recent Developments of Silk-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications: A Special Focus on the Advancement of 3D Printing". Biomimetics 8, nr 1 (2.01.2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010016.
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Regenerative medicine has received potential attention around the globe, with improving cell performances, one of the necessary ideas for the advancements of regenerative medicine. It is crucial to enhance cell performances in the physiological system for drug release studies because the variation in cell environments between in vitro and in vivo develops a loop in drug estimation. On the other hand, tissue engineering is a potential path to integrate cells with scaffold biomaterials and produce growth factors to regenerate organs. Scaffold biomaterials are a prototype for tissue production and perform vital functions in tissue engineering. Silk fibroin is a natural fibrous polymer with significant usage in regenerative medicine because of the growing interest in leftovers for silk biomaterials in tissue engineering. Among various natural biopolymer-based biomaterials, silk fibroin-based biomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their outstanding mechanical properties, biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and biodegradability for regenerative medicine and scaffold applications. This review article focused on highlighting the recent advancements of 3D printing in silk fibroin scaffold technologies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Battafarano, Giulia, Michela Rossi, Viviana De Martino, Francesco Marampon, Luca Borro, Aurelio Secinaro i Andrea Del Fattore. "Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 3 (23.01.2021): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031128.
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Bone is a regenerative organ characterized by self-renewal ability. Indeed, it is a very dynamic tissue subjected to continuous remodeling in order to preserve its structure and function. However, in clinical practice, impaired bone healing can be observed in patients and medical intervention is needed to regenerate the tissue via the use of natural bone grafts or synthetic bone grafts. The main elements required for tissue engineering include cells, growth factors and a scaffold material to support them. Three different materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers) can be used to create a scaffold suitable for bone regeneration. Several cell types have been investigated in combination with biomaterials. In this review, we describe the options available for bone regeneration, focusing on tissue engineering strategies based on the use of different biomaterials combined with cells and growth factors.
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Laurencin, Cato T., i Lakshmi S. Nair. "The Quest toward limb regeneration: a regenerative engineering approach". Regenerative Biomaterials 3, nr 2 (5.03.2016): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rb/rbw002.
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Cato T. Laurencin, 2023 Priestley Medalist. "Regenerative engineering: Polymeric chemistry and materials science for regeneration". C&EN Global Enterprise 101, nr 10 (27.03.2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10110-cover.
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Majumdar, Shreyasi, Smriti Gupta i Sairam Krishnamurthy. "Multifarious applications of bioactive glasses in soft tissue engineering". Biomaterials Science 9, nr 24 (2021): 8111–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1bm01104a.
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Bioactive glasses are the third generation biomaterial exhibiting soft tissue regenerative properties. They promote vascularization of the tissue-engineered construct required for tissue regeneration without posing significant adverse effects.
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Fadl, Asmaa, i Andrew Leask. "Hiding in Plain Sight: Human Gingival Fibroblasts as an Essential, Yet Overlooked, Tool in Regenerative Medicine". Cells 12, nr 16 (8.08.2023): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12162021.
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Adult human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), the most abundant cells in the oral cavity, are essential for maintaining oral homeostasis. Compared with other tissues, adult oral mucosal wounds heal regeneratively, without scarring. Relative to fibroblasts from other locations, HGFs are relatively refractory to myofibroblast differentiation, immunomodulatory, highly regenerative, readily obtained via minimally invasive procedures, easily and rapidly expanded in vitro, and highly responsive to growth factors and cytokines. Consequently, HGFs might be a superior, yet perhaps underappreciated, source of adult mesenchymal progenitor cells to use in tissue engineering and regeneration applications, including the treatment of fibrotic auto-immune connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma. Herein, we highlight in vitro and translational studies that have investigated the regenerative and differentiation potential of HGFs, with the objective of outlining current limitations and inspiring future research that could facilitate translating the regenerative potential of HGFs into the clinic.
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Kay, Stuart. "Engineering Regenerative Medicine's Future". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 31, nr 15 (wrzesień 2011): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.31.15.22.
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Tang, Xiaoyan, Leila Daneshmandi, Guleid Awale, Lakshmi S. Nair i Cato T. Laurencin. "Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Engineering". Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine 5, nr 3 (2.04.2019): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40883-019-00102-9.
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Laurencin, Cato T., i Leila Daneshmandi. "Graphene for regenerative engineering". International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science 2, nr 3 (maj 2020): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10045.
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Veeman, Dhinakaran, M. Swapna Sai, P. Sureshkumar, T. Jagadeesha, L. Natrayan, M. Ravichandran i Wubishet Degife Mammo. "Additive Manufacturing of Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: An Overview, Potential Applications, Advancements, and Trends". International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (8.09.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4907027.
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As a technique of producing fabric engineering scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) printing has tremendous possibilities. 3D printing applications are restricted to a wide range of biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Due to their biocompatibility, bioactiveness, and biodegradability, biopolymers such as collagen, alginate, silk fibroin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and starch are used in a variety of fields, including the food, biomedical, regeneration, agriculture, packaging, and pharmaceutical industries. The benefits of producing 3D-printed scaffolds are many, including the capacity to produce complicated geometries, porosity, and multicell coculture and to take growth factors into account. In particular, the additional production of biopolymers offers new options to produce 3D structures and materials with specialised patterns and properties. In the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), important progress has been accomplished; now, several state-of-the-art techniques are used to produce porous scaffolds for organ or tissue regeneration to be suited for tissue technology. Natural biopolymeric materials are often better suited for designing and manufacturing healing equipment than temporary implants and tissue regeneration materials owing to its appropriate properties and biocompatibility. The review focuses on the additive manufacturing of biopolymers with significant changes, advancements, trends, and developments in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with potential applications.
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Roato, Ilaria, Beatrice Masante, Giovanni Putame, Diana Massai i Federico Mussano. "Challenges of Periodontal Tissue Engineering: Increasing Biomimicry through 3D Printing and Controlled Dynamic Environment". Nanomaterials 12, nr 21 (2.11.2022): 3878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213878.
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In recent years, tissue engineering studies have proposed several approaches to regenerate periodontium based on the use of three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds alone or in association with periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). The rapid evolution of bioprinting has sped up classic regenerative medicine, making the fabrication of multilayered scaffolds—which are essential in targeting the periodontal ligament (PDL)—conceivable. Physiological mechanical loading is fundamental to generate this complex anatomical structure ex vivo. Indeed, loading induces the correct orientation of the fibers forming the PDL and maintains tissue homeostasis, whereas overloading or a failure to adapt to mechanical load can be at least in part responsible for a wrong tissue regeneration using PDLSCs. This review provides a brief overview of the most recent achievements in periodontal tissue engineering, with a particular focus on the use of PDLSCs, which are the best choice for regenerating PDL as well as alveolar bone and cementum. Different scaffolds associated with various manufacturing methods and data derived from the application of different mechanical loading protocols have been analyzed, demonstrating that periodontal tissue engineering represents a proof of concept with high potential for innovative therapies in the near future.
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Guo, Weimin, Wenjing Xu, Zhenyong Wang, Mingxue Chen, Chunxiang Hao, Xifu Zheng, Jingxiang Huang i in. "Cell-Free Strategies for Repair and Regeneration of Meniscus Injuries through the Recruitment of Endogenous Stem/Progenitor Cells". Stem Cells International 2018 (12.07.2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5310471.
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The meniscus plays a vital role in protecting the articular cartilage of the knee joint. The inner two-thirds of the meniscus are avascular, and injuries to this region often fail to heal without intervention. The use of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine techniques may offer novel and effective approaches to repairing meniscal injuries. Meniscal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine typically use one of two techniques, cell-based or cell-free. While numerous cell-based strategies have been applied to repair and regenerate meniscal defects, these techniques possess certain limitations including cellular contamination and an increased risk of disease transmission. Cell-free strategies attempt to repair and regenerate the injured tissues by recruiting endogenous stem/progenitor cells. Cell-free strategies avoid several of the disadvantages of cell-based techniques and, therefore, may have a wider clinical application. This review first compares cell-based to cell-free techniques. Next, it summarizes potential sources for endogenous stem/progenitor cells. Finally, it discusses important recruitment factors for meniscal repair and regeneration. In conclusion, cell-free techniques, which focus on the recruitment of endogenous stem and progenitor cells, are growing in efficacy and may play a critical role in the future of meniscal repair and regeneration.
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Sahoo, Sambit, Thomas KH Teh, Pengfei He, Siew Lok Toh i James CH Goh. "Interface Tissue Engineering: Next Phase in Musculoskeletal Tissue Repair". Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 40, nr 5 (15.05.2011): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v40n5p245.
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Increasing incidence of musculoskeletal injuries coupled with limitations in the current treatment options have necessitated tissue engineering and regenerative medicine- based approaches. Moving forward from engineering isolated musculoskeletal tissues, research strategies are now being increasingly focused on repairing and regenerating the interfaces between dissimilar musculoskeletal tissues with the aim to achieve seamless integration of engineered musculoskeletal tissues. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in the tissue engineering of musculoskeletal tissue interfaces with a focus on Singapore’s contribution in this emerging field. Various biomimetic scaffold and cell-based strategies, the use of growth factors, gene therapy and mechanical loading, as well as animal models for functional validation of the tissue engineering strategies are discussed. Keywords: Functional tissue engineering, Orthopaedic interfaces, Regenerative medicine, Scaffolds
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Varga, Rita. "Historical background of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering". Kaleidoscope history 11, nr 22 (2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.73-80.
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The ancient desires of men there were emerging from time to time in the tales of many nations and are emerging actually in the screenplays of the film industry. Flying, travelling in space, visiting other planets, achieving eternal youth, becoming invulnerable or even the desire for quick recovery are deeply rooted in men’s fantasies and some of them are turning out step-by-step as a day-to-day reality. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are interdisciplinary fields of research that utilize the knowledge of engineers, scientists, and physicians to create tissue-like implants. In the most intensive research on tissue regeneration, there are taken cell samples of the patients’ relevant tissues, which after multiplication on a host artificial matrix are finally replaced to the damaged area for local regeneration. Henceforward, the regenerated tissue regains its original structure and function. The past four decades witnessed the rapid development of these fields, from laboratory experiments throughs animal testing and clinical trials to the administered therapies. Studying the history of original and novel ideas in this field is a key issue in understanding the latest achievements while appreciating the actual results and the future trends respectively. This study outlines a brief summary of the background of 7373he early history and the present challenges of regenerative medicine. In this study, I present a brief survey on the background of regenerative medicine and the principles of tissue engineering, followed by discussing the early years of these fields. In the end, I will describe the most relevant questions and scientific challenges that are still to be answered and overcome.
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Wasyłeczko, Monika, Wioleta Sikorska i Andrzej Chwojnowski. "Review of Synthetic and Hybrid Scaffolds in Cartilage Tissue Engineering". Membranes 10, nr 11 (17.11.2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10110348.
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Cartilage tissue is under extensive investigation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies because of its limited regenerative potential. Currently, many scaffolds are undergoing scientific and clinical research. A key for appropriate scaffolding is the assurance of a temporary cellular environment that allows the cells to function as in native tissue. These scaffolds should meet the relevant requirements, including appropriate architecture and physicochemical and biological properties. This is necessary for proper cell growth, which is associated with the adequate regeneration of cartilage. This paper presents a review of the development of scaffolds from synthetic polymers and hybrid materials employed for the engineering of cartilage tissue and regenerative medicine. Initially, general information on articular cartilage and an overview of the clinical strategies for the treatment of cartilage defects are presented. Then, the requirements for scaffolds in regenerative medicine, materials intended for membranes, and methods for obtaining them are briefly described. We also describe the hybrid materials that combine the advantages of both synthetic and natural polymers, which provide better properties for the scaffold. The last part of the article is focused on scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering that have been confirmed by undergoing preclinical and clinical tests.
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Malhotra, Ranjan, Anoop Kapoor, Vishakha Grover, Nitin Verma i Jasjit Kaur Sahota. "Future of Periodontal Regeneration". Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 4, Spl (2010): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-4-spl-38.
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ABSTRACT The management of periodontal defects has been an ongoing challenge in clinical periodontics. In the recent past, attention has been focused more on regenerative and reconstructive therapies i.e. bone grafts, guided tissue regeneration, root conditioning, polypeptide growth factors, rather than on respective therapies. These therapeutic measures are shown to be limited in the predictability of healing and regenerative response in the modern clinical practice because oral environment presents several complicating factors that border regeneration. The 21st century appears to represent a time in history when there is a convergence between clinical dentistry and medicine, human genetics, developmental and molecular biology, biotechnology, bioengineering, and bioinformatics, resulting in the emergence of novel regenerative therapeutic approaches viz. tissue engineering, gene therapy and RNA interference. The focus of this review paper is to furnish and update the current knowledge of periodontal tissue engineering, gene therapy and RNA interference i.e. the future of periodontal regeneration.
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Patel, Jalak, Tejal Sheth, Dhwanit Thakore i Dharmesh Dhamat. "Biomimetics in Endodontics: A Review of the Changing Trends in Endodontics". Journal of Advanced Oral Research 9, nr 1-2 (maj 2018): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206818816186.
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Newer scientific technological advancement in dentistry provides an array of projects such as molecular biology, cell culturing, tissue grafting, and tissue engineering. Conventional root canal treatment, apexification with biomaterials, and extractions are the procedures of choice to treat a nonvital tooth. These treatment options do not give predictable outcomes in the regeneration of the pulp tissue. This can be easily achieved by regenerative endodontics wherein the diseased or a nonvital tooth is replaced by a healthy and functional pulp-dentin complex. The rationale for regenerative endodontics follows tissue engineering techniques. This article reviews the shift in regenerative endodontic techniques.
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Nguyen, Huu Tuan, Arne Peirsman, Zuzana Tirpakova, Kalpana Mandal, Florian Vanlauwe, Surjendu Maity, Satoru Kawakita i in. "Engineered Vasculature for Cancer Research and Regenerative Medicine". Micromachines 14, nr 5 (29.04.2023): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14050978.
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Engineered human tissues created by three-dimensional cell culture of human cells in a hydrogel are becoming emerging model systems for cancer drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Complex functional engineered tissues can also assist in the regeneration, repair, or replacement of human tissues. However, one of the main hurdles for tissue engineering, three-dimensional cell culture, and regenerative medicine is the capability of delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells through the vasculatures. Several studies have investigated different strategies to create a functional vascular system in engineered tissues and organ-on-a-chips. Engineered vasculatures have been used for the studies of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, as well as drug and cell transports across the endothelium. Moreover, vascular engineering allows the creation of large functional vascular conduits for regenerative medicine purposes. However, there are still many challenges in the creation of vascularized tissue constructs and their biological applications. This review will summarize the latest efforts to create vasculatures and vascularized tissues for cancer research and regenerative medicine.
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Barceló, Xavier, Stefan Scheurer, Rajesh Lakshmanan, Cathal J. Moran, Fiona Freeman i Daniel J. Kelly. "3D bioprinting for meniscus tissue engineering: a review of key components, recent developments and future opportunities". Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine 5, nr 4 (grudzień 2021): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/3dp-2021-0017.
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3D bioprinting has the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine as it enables the precise spatial patterning of biomaterials, cells and biomolecules to produce engineered tissues. Although numerous tissue engineering strategies have been developed for meniscal repair, the field has yet to realize an implant capable of completely regenerating the tissue. This paper first summarized existing meniscal repair strategies, highlighting the importance of engineering biomimetic implants for successful meniscal regeneration. Next, we reviewed how developments in 3D (bio)printing are accelerating the engineering of functional meniscal tissues and the development of implants targeting damaged or diseased menisci. Some of the opportunities and challenges associated with use of 3D bioprinting for meniscal tissue engineering are identified. Finally, we discussed key emerging research areas with the capacity to enhance the bioprinting of meniscal grafts.