Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / REFPROP

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „REFPROP”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "REFPROP"

Gao, Lei, Takuro Shibasaki, Tomohiro Honda i Hiroyuki Asou. "Measurement of the Speed of Sound in 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropylene (R-1234yf) Liquid Phase with an Ultrasonic Sensor". Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (luty 2014): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.588.

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The speeds of sound in near saturated and subcooled liquid phases of R-1234yf have been measured using a ultrasonic sensor. The measurements were conducted at the temperature range from 0 to 80 °C, and the pressure range from 0.316 to 2.52 MPa. In order to validate the ultrasonic sensor, the measurement in pure water at the temperature range from 0 to 80 °C was also performed. The measurement result of water was compared with those calculated from REFPROP (based on IAPWS-95) and PROPATH (based on IAPWS-IF97). The result of water agrees well with that calculated from REFPROP within a maximum deviation of 0.28%, except for that at temperature of 80 °C. And it agrees well also with that calculated from PROPATH within a maximum deviation of ±0.2%. The measurement results for near saturated and subcooled liquid phases of R-1234yf were compared with those calculated from REFPROP and JSRAE thermodynamic table.

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Odabaee, Mostafa, Emilie Sauret i Kamel Hooman. "CFD Simulation of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Radial-Inflow Turbine, Comparing the Results of Using Real Gas Equation of Estate and Real Gas Property File". Applied Mechanics and Materials 846 (lipiec 2016): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.846.85.

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The present study explores CFD analysis of a supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) radial-inflow turbine generating 100kW from a concentrated solar resource of 560oC with a pressure ratio of 2.2. Two methods of real gas property estimations including real gas equation of estate and real gas property (RGP) file - generating a required table from NIST REFPROP - were used. Comparing the numerical results and time consumption of both methods, it was shown that equation of states could insert a significant error in thermodynamic property prediction. Implementing the RGP table method indicated a very good agreement with NIST REFPROP while it had slightly more computational cost compared to the RGP table method.

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Ekundayo, Jamiu M., i Reza Rezaee. "Volumetric Measurements of Methane-Coal Adsorption and Desorption Isotherms—Effects of Equations of State and Implication for Initial Gas Reserves". Energies 12, nr 10 (27.05.2019): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12102022.

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This study presents the effects of equations of state (EOSs) on methane adsorption capacity, sorption hysteresis and initial gas reserves of a medium volatile bituminous coal. The sorption experiments were performed, at temperatures of 25 °C and 40 °C and up to 7MPa pressure, using a high-pressure volumetric analyzer (HPVA-II). The measured isotherms were parameterized with the modified (three-parameter) Langmuir model. Gas compressibility factors were calculated using six popular equations of state and the results were compared with those obtained using gas compressibility factors from NIST-Refprop® (which implies McCarty and Arp’s EOS for Z-factor of helium and Setzmann and Wagner’s EOS for that of methane). Significant variations were observed in the resulting isotherms and associated model parameters with EOS. Negligible hysteresis was observed with NIST-refprop at both experimental temperatures, with the desorption isotherm being slightly lower than the adsorption isotherm at 25 °C. Compared to NIST-refprop, it was observed that equations of state that gave lower values of Z-factor for methane resulted in “positive hysteresis”, (one in which the desorption isotherm is above the corresponding adsorption curve) and the more negatively deviated the Z-factors are, the bigger the observed hysteresis loop. Conversely, equations of state that gave positively deviated Z-factors of methane relatively produced “negative hysteresis” loops where the desorption isotherms are lower than the corresponding adsorption isotherms. Adsorbed gas accounted for over 90% of the calculated original gas in place (OGIP) and the larger the Langmuir volume, the larger the proportion of OGIP that was adsorbed.

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Xu, Zhangliang, Hongbo Tan i Hao Wu. "Determination of Hydrogen’s Thermophysical Properties Using a Statistical Thermodynamic Method". Applied Sciences 13, nr 13 (24.06.2023): 7466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137466.

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Accurate determination of the thermophysical properties of hydrogen is a crucial issue in hydrogen system design. By developing computational programs, a statistical thermodynamic model based on fundamental equations of state was implemented to determine hydrogen’s thermophysical properties, including the ortho-hydrogen fraction in equilibrium hydrogen, para-ortho hydrogen conversion heat, isobaric heat capacities and enthalpies. The deviations of calculated para-hydrogen enthalpies from REFPROP data were within 2.22%, ranging from 20 K to 300 K at 0.1 MPa, and within 2.32% between 100 K and 1500 K at pressures from 0.1 MPa to 20 MPa. To quantitatively assess the convenience of the statistical thermodynamic method, the running speeds of programs with different methods for determining hydrogen’s thermophysical properties were compared. The time required for statistical thermodynamic calculation was 7.95% that required for treading REFPROP data when the performance of the variable density multilayer insulation combined with a one vapor-cooled shield and para-ortho hydrogen conversion was calculated. The programs developed based on the statistical thermodynamic method can be used to determine the thermophysical properties of hydrogen or other fluids.

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Mocanu, Gabriel, Ion V. Ion i Cristian Iosifescu. "Energy and economic analysis of an ORC combined to steam boiler". E3S Web of Conferences 327 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132701002.

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Energy and economic performance of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system designed to recycle waste heat of a steam boiler was analysed. Optimisation of ORC system was performed by using the Cycle-Tempo software and the REFPROP program. The selected working fluid was R245fa. For the exhaust gases temperature of 163°C and mass flow rate of 11.83 kg/s, cooling water temperature of 20°C resulted a gross efficiency of 21.02% and a cost of 2987 €/kW, an electricity levelised cost of 102 €/kWh and a payback period of 5.5 years.

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Mulero, A., i I. Cachadiña. "Recommended Correlations for the Surface Tension of Several Fluids Included in the REFPROP Program". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 43, nr 2 (czerwiec 2014): 023104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4878755.

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Komarov, S. G., i S. V. Stankus. "Density and speed of sound in refrigerant vapor R-125 (31 wt. %) + R-134A (69 wt. %)". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2057, nr 1 (1.10.2021): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2057/1/012105.

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Abstract Using a constant volume piezometer and ultrasonic interferometer methods, the density and speed of sound in gaseous mixture R-125 (31 wt. %) + R-134a (69 wt. %) were measured within the temperature range from 293 to 393 K and at pressure from 0.18…0.47 to 2.5 MPa. The errors in the measuring temperature, pressure, density and speed of sound were ±20 mK, ±4 kPa, ± (0.15–0.3) %, ± (0.1–0.2) %, respectively. It was shown that the speed of sound values increase with temperature and decrease with pressure. The obtained results were compared with the calculations using the REFPROP software.

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MALIK, F. ELMZUGHI, M. MJANI ABDULHAFED, S. LAGHA SAJI i A. ELHAJ MOHAMED. "OPTIMIZATION AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF 400MW STEAM POWER PLANT BASED ON MINI REFPROP SOFTWARE PACKAGES". i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 11, nr 4 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jme.11.4.18078.

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Galashov, Nikolay, Svyatoslav Tsibulskiy i Tatiana Serova. "Analysis of the Properties of Working Substances for the Organic Rankine Cycle based Database “REFPROP”". EPJ Web of Conferences 110 (2016): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611001068.

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Zakirova, G. S., i E. I. Krapivsky. "Application of REFPROP software package for examinations automation of phase states of multicomponent hydrocarbon systems". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1118 (grudzień 2018): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1118/1/012052.

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Części książek na temat "REFPROP"

"REFPROP Tutorial with Application to Geothermal Binary Cycles". W Geothermal Power Plants, 731–39. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100879-9.00040-9.

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"REFPROP Tutorial with Application to Geothermal Binary Cycles". W Geothermal Power Plants, 571–78. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-098206-9.00043-9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "REFPROP"

Xie, Hanqing, i Igor Pioro. "Specifics of Calculating Thermophysical Properties of CO2 and R134a in Critical Point Using NIST REFPROP". W 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92446.

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Abstract Thermophysical properties of various fluids (liquids, vapours, and gases) are the fundamental knowledge for the application of these fluids. A computer program can be considered as a very useful tool if it is able to calculate various thermophysical properties of various fluids within a wide range of pressures and temperatures from lower ones and up to critical and supercritical ones. NIST REFPROP is such a program. For tens of years, it can be possibly considered as the best one in the world. However, it is not absolutely perfect. In the previous versions(s) of the NIST REFPROP 9.1 and lower, three basic thermophysical properties, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and volumetric expansivity, were subjected to very significant variations within the critical region. They had almost infinite peak values in the critical point, which was a theoretical approach. In 2018, the latest version was released, Ver. 10.0 (https://www.nist.gov/srd/refprop). It was updated with new fluids, a wider range of pressures and temperatures, and with improved equations / correlations. The objective of this paper is to check if the deficiencies occurred in the previous version(s) have been fixed in NIST REFPROP Ver. 10.0. In this paper, various thermophysical properties of CO2 and R134a have been calculated by using NIST REFPROP Ver 10.0. The results around the critical point have been analyzed.

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White, Charles W., i Nathan T. Weiland. "Evaluation of Property Methods for Modeling Direct-Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles". W ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64261.

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Direct supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles have received considerable attention in recent years as an efficient and potentially cost-effective method of capturing CO2 from fossil-fueled power plants. These cycles combust natural gas or syngas with oxygen in a high pressure (200–300 bar), heavily-diluted sCO2 environment, such that the fluid entering the turbine is 90–95% CO2, with the balance composed primarily of H2O, CO, O2, N2 and Ar. After recuperation of the turbine exhaust thermal energy, water is condensed from the cycle, and the remainder is recompressed for either return to the combustor or for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or storage. The compression power requirements vary significantly, depending on the proximity of the operating conditions to the CO2 critical point (31 °C, 73.7 bar), as well as to the level of working fluid dilution by minor components. As this has a large impact on cycle and plant thermal efficiency, it is crucial to correctly capture the appropriate thermo-physical properties of these sCO2 mixtures when carrying out performance simulations of direct sCO2 power plants. These properties are also important to determining how water is removed from the cycle, and for accurate modeling of the heat exchange within the recuperator. This paper presents a quantitative evaluation of ten different property methods that can be used for modeling direct sCO2 cycles in Aspen Plus®. REFPROP is used as the de facto standard for analyzing indirect sCO2 systems, where the closed nature of the cycle leads to a high purity CO2 working fluid. The addition of impurities due to the open nature of the direct-sCO2 cycle, however, introduces uncertainty to the REFPROP predictions. There is a limited set of mixtures available for which REFPROP can be reliably used and there are a number of species present in a coal-fired direct-fired sCO2 cycle that REFPROP cannot accommodate. Even with a relatively simplified system in which the trace components are eliminated, simulations made using REFPROP require computation times that often preclude its use in parametric studies of these cycles. Consequently, a series of comparative analyses were performed to identify the best physical property method for use in Aspen Plus® for direct-fired sCO2 cycles. These property methods are assessed against several mixture property measurements, and offer a relative comparison to the accuracy obtained with REFPROP. This study also underscores the necessity of accurate property modeling, where cycle performance predictions are shown to vary significantly with the selection of the physical property method.

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Clementoni, Eric M., i Timothy L. Cox. "Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Property Measurements for an Operating Supercritical Brayton Cycle to the REFPROP Physical Property Database". W ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25338.

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Supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) power cycles have been gaining interest in recent years due to their high efficiency and compact components. As interest in CO2 cycles grows, work is being done to test the operation and control of these cycles and model individual component and system performance. A key aspect in this work is the accuracy of the physical properties of the fluid used in the design, system operation, and model validation efforts. A commonly used physical property database is the NIST REFPROP database which implements correlations developed for CO2 by Span and Wagner. Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) is testing an S-CO2 Brayton system at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. The Integrated System Test (IST) is a two shaft recuperated closed Brayton cycle with a variable speed turbine-driven compressor and constant speed turbine-driven generator using S-CO2 as the working fluid designed to output 100 kWe. The IST utilizes coriolis mass flow meters to measure system flow rates as well as CO2 density at various points in the loop. Operational test data for CO2 temperature, pressure, and density are presented and comparisons made on the ability to accurately calculate the density of CO2 using REFPROP with temperature and pressure measurements for an operating Brayton loop. An uncertainty analysis using vendor specified instrument accuracy was performed to show that the calculated and measured properties of CO2 for the operating conditions examined are in good agreement.

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Tun, Maung Naing Naing, i Nilufer Egrican. "FRTCOILS: A General Purpose Simulation Software for Design and Prediction of Thermal and Hydraulic Performance of Finned-Tube Compact Heat Exchangers". W ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41409.

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This paper presents computer software developed for rating and optimum selection of finned circular tubes compact heat exchangers with various coil geometries. The software is developed to use as a computing tool for commercial and R&D purposes in FRITERM A.S, an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of finned tube heat exchangers. Finned-tube heat exchangers are highly utilized in refrigeration and process industries and heat transfer and pressure drop calculations are very important to manufactures and design engineers. For this purpose, a simulation and design software to predict the performance of finned-tube heat exchangers is presented. In finned-tube coils fin side fluid is air and tube side fluid can be water, oil, glycol water solution mixture and refrigerants. The analysis and rating of coils at dry and wet operating conditions are presented. Design and the most suitable selections of coils at the given parameters and design constraints from many different coil geometries are also performed in the software. User-friendly object-oriented programming C# is applied in developing the software. The software is developed in modular basic. Six modules are developed: Heating Coils, Cooling Coils, Condenser Coils, Steam Coils, Heat Recovery Coils and Evaporator (DX) Coils. REFPROP is also integrated in the software and all fluids’ thermal and transport properties are obtained from REFPROP. Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations available from literature are evaluated with recommendations. Simulated results are verified against experimental results.

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Coogan, Shane, Klaus Brun, Sarah Simons, Brandon Ridens i Rainer Kurz. "Calculation of Enthalpy and Entropy From Experimentally Measurable Quantities". W ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56646.

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In the design and testing of gas compressors, the correct determination of the thermodynamic properties of the gas, such as enthalpy, entropy, and specific volume from pressure, temperature, and composition, plays an important role. Due to the wide range of conditions encountered, pressure, specific volume and temperature (p-v-T) equations of state (EOS) are used to determine the isentropic or polytropic efficiency, the work input, and capacity of a compressor configuration. However, accurate equations of state may be lacking for some more complicated gas mixtures. Experimentally determined thermodynamic state information is more accurate and is needed to validate, correct, or supplant existing equations of state. The methodology for calculating enthalpy and entropy from experimental data is presented including the full step-by-step derivation from first principles. The thermodynamic relations or calculus properties used in each step of the derivation are clearly identified to provide traceability and encourage verification. Results are presented in three forms to match all possible tabulation formats of temperature, pressure, and volume data. Calculation methods for other useful but unmeasured thermodynamic properties such as the specific heat at constant pressure and the ratio of specific heats are also given. The methodology is demonstrated in two examples. The first is a verification case where REFPROP, an equation of state software, is used to generate input data, and the enthalpy and entropy values calculated from the input data are shown to match those given directly by REFPROP. The second is a practical demonstration where the methodology is used with actual experimental data.

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García, Jesús M., Marco E. Sanjuan M. i Ricardo Vasquez Padilla. "Response Surface Based Optimization of Solar Collector Integrated With an Ammonia-Water Combined Power/Cooling Cycle Supported by Exergy Analysis". W ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49843.

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Finding optimal operating conditions of solar-based power and cooling systems is always a challenge. Performance of these systems is highly dependent on several important parameters, which not only impact the long-term efficiency but also its technical and economic feasibility. This paper studies the operation/configuration problem of an ammonia-water power and cooling cycle using an exergetic analysis. Thermodynamic performance of the combined cycle was addressed by using analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis. Modeling was done in Matlab®, using Refprop 9.0 to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the ammonia-water mixture. Convergence issues were observed on the thermodynamic properties estimation carried out by Refprop when the stream had high ammonia mass fraction. To solve this issue an averaging algorithm was implemented online to estimate such properties using pure ammonia data and high, but stable, ammonia concentration data. After this implementation, small differences between current and reference model were seen. Optimum operating conditions were obtained using response surface technique. The response variable used was the ratio between exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction. Results showed that the response variable is mainly influenced by the ammonia concentration, pressure ratio, turbine efficiency and temperature gradient in the heat exchanger. Finally integration of the power/cooling cycle with a solar field was performed using two types of concentrated solar collectors: Linear Fresnel Collector (LFC) and Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC). The analysis showed that LFC technology can be a viable alternative for small scale applications combined with power/cooling systems.

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Gross, Thomas, Kevin R. Anderson, Christopher McNamara i Ariel Gatti. "Modeling and Analysis of a High Temperature, High Pressure Two-Phase NH3/FAME-MLL PFHX". W ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3406.

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Abstract This paper presents a discretized enthalpy analysis of a FAME-MLL, NH3 plate-fin heat exchanger (PFHX) with single and two-phase flow. The paper outlines the methodology used to model the PFHX and presents a MATLAB simulation model, which uses the NIST REFPROP database for thermo-physical property evaluation. The paper presents analysis for a staged single-phase, two-phase PFHX architecture. Plots of the heat transfer coefficients, overall heat transfer coefficient, specific enthalpy and heat flux variation over the length of the PFHX are provided. The mass, volume, area, effectiveness-number of transfer units rating for each PFHX are given.

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Park, Suhyeon, Justin Urso, K. R. V. (Raghu) Manikantachari, Ashvin Hosangadi, Andrea Zambon i Subith S. Vasu. "Measurements of Density and Sound Speed in Mixtures Relevant to sCO2 Power Cycles". W ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14335.

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Abstract The objective of this research is to validate properties of mixtures relevant to supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles. Direct fired sCO2 cycles are promising technology for the future power generation systems. The working fluid of sCO2 cycles will be near and above critical point of CO2. One of the challenges is that the simulation of mixtures should consider real gas behavior. Expected operating conditions of Allam cycles reach up to 300 bar and 1000 °C. Characterizing the mixtures at the extreme conditions is an important issue in current researches and industrial applications. Thermophysical properties of mixtures may be beyond the valid range of the widely used database such as NIST REFPROP. Experimental data of mixtures properties in the literature is limited which is necessary to develop high-fidelity design tools for sCO2 power cycles. We measured density and sound speed of several multi-component mixtures. A temperature-controlled high-pressure test cell was used for the density measurements. Sound speed was measured by resonant frequency detection using an external speaker and a piezoelectric pressure sensor. Mixtures studied in this work includes carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen and water vapor. Properties of pure CO2 were measured to show the validity of our technique. Compositions were selected to be close to frozen mixtures at the inlet, mid-progress and exhaust conditions of a model sCO2 combustor in the previous numerical simulation work. Corresponding reaction progress variables (RPV) were RPV = 0, 0.5, and 1. Temperature and pressure conditions of experiments are 310–450 K, and 0–150 bar. In our study, density and sound speed from NIST REFPROP database agree with experimental measurements within the range of our measurement uncertainties.

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Moraga, Francisco, Doug Hofer, Swati Saxena i Ramakrishna Mallina. "Numerical Approach for Real Gas Simulations: Part I — Tabular Fluid Properties for Real Gas Analysis". W ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63148.

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Recently there has been increased interest in the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) in closed loop power cycles. As these power cycles capitalize on the non-ideal gas behavior of CO2, their analysis both at the system level and at the detailed component level requires an advanced equation of state. Commonly used analytical equations of state as BWRS (BenedictWebbRubin equation of State) or Peng-Robinson are known to have high errors near the critical point and are thus unsuitable for the analysis of cycles or components where the flow conditions approach the critical point. An accurate equation of state is required at all phases of the development process from high level cycle calculations to the detailed component CFD. The NIST RefProp software package provides accurate CO2 fluid properties across the thermodynamic space but suffers from high computational over-head. This study is presented in two parts. Part I (this part) of this paper describes an approach to creating a tabular representation of the equation of state that is applicable to any fluid. This approach is applied to generating an accurate, fast and robust tabular representation of the RefProp CO2 properties and an error analysis is performed to meet the accuracy requirements. The paper also discusses two approaches used to define speed of sound in the two-phase region and their sensitivity analysis on the 3D compressor flow. Part II of the paper details the numerical simulations of a supercritical CO2 centrifugal compressor using the tabular approach. This paper shows that table resolution can be tailored to match the accuracy requirements while minimizing the time used to evaluate the tabulated thermo-physical functions. Error analysis are shown to demonstrate the level of accuracy possible with this approach.

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Stosic, Nikola. "Normalisation of Test Results in Air Screw Compressor Measurements as a Basis for Performance Estimation of Refrigeration and Process Gas Compressors". W ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64707.

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Common use of screw compressors is in compression of air. However, application of screw compressors in refrigeration and air conditioning, as well as in process gas compression is increasing rapidly in recent years. The existing experimental data basis for air compressors may conveniently serve as a source for performance estimation of these compressors. A procedure was derived in this work to find scale factors which connect compressors operating with different fluids and it was applied for performance estimation of refrigeration and process gas screw compressors on the basis of measurements obtained for air compressors. Refprop 8 by NIST was used for calculation of thermodynamic properties of real fluids and ideal gas relation was used for air.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "REFPROP"

McLinden, M. O. Development of the REFPROP database and transport properties of refrigerants. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674625.

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Chichester, Justin C., i Marcia L. Huber. Documentation and assessment of the transport property model for mixtures implemented in NIST REFPROP (version 8.0). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6650.

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Huber, Marcia L. Models for viscosity, thermal conductivity, and surface tension of selected pure fluids as implemented in REFPROP v10.0. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, sierpień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.8209.

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